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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2016‒12‒04
eighteen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Gigante, Anna Azzurra |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a critical review of some of the main applications of path-dependence in economic theory. In particular, it calls attention on those theories clarifying the micro-foundations of path-dependent processes in economics. In the field of innovation, path-dependence shows the endogenous character of technological change, revealing the complex interplay among firm’s structural specificities, irreversibility, creativity, localized learning, externalities, feedbacks and contingent disturbing factors. In cognitive and institutional economics, the path-dependent character of learning processes, shown by cognitive and neurobiological studies, suggests interesting explanations for economic and institutional inefficiency persistence and, in general, for institutional genesis and evolution processes. Micro-foundations of economic path-dependence offer new opportunities for further extending theoretical and empirical economic research. For instance, they could contribute to extend economic self-organization approach, which has focused on the non-linear character of economic dynamic processes and has described economic systems as dissipative and entropic structures. In this sense, path-dependence represents a fertile tool for further clarifying economic and institutional dynamics and a precious opportunity of interdisciplinary research. |
| Keywords: | path-dependence; endogenous change; non-ergodic process; knowledge production; innovation economics; cognitive economics; institutions; neural structures; self-organization; dissipative systems; entropy law |
| JEL: | A12 B25 O31 |
| Date: | 2016–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:75310&r=hme |
| By: | Donovan Platt; Tim Gebbie |
| Abstract: | We extend prior evidence that naively using intraday agent-based models that involve realistic order-matching processes for modeling continuous-time double auction markets seems to fail to be able to provide a robust link between data and many model parameters, even when these models are able to reproduce a number of well-known stylized facts of return time series. We demonstrate that while the parameters of intraday agent-based models rooted in market microstructure can be meaningfully calibrated, those exclusively related to agent behaviors and incentives remain problematic. This could simply be a failure of the calibration techniques used but we argue that the observed parameter degeneracies are most likely a consequence of the realistic matching processes employed in these models. This suggests that alternative approaches to linking data, phenomenology and market structure may be necessary and that the stylized fact-centric validation of intraday agent-based models is insufficient, and warns that increased mechanistic complexity of agent-based market models may lead to flawed insights. |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1611.08510&r=hme |
| By: | Francois Cochard (CRESE - Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques - UFC - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté, UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté); Hélène Couprie (THEMA - Théorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications - Université de Cergy Pontoise); Astrid Hopfensitz (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - Toulouse School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Female specialization on household work and male specialization on labor-market work is a widely observed phenomenon across time and countries. Gender differences regarding characteristics (preferences, productivity) and context (wage rates, social norms) are generally recognized to explain this fact. We experimentally investigate work division by true co-habiting couples participating in a newly developed specialization task. Efficiency in this task comes at the cost of inequality, giving higher earnings to the “advantaged” player. We compare behavior when men (or women) are in the advantaged position, which correspond to the traditional (or power) couple case where he (or she) earns more. We show that women do not contribute more than men to the household public good whatever the situation. This result allows us to rule-out some of the standard explanations of the work division puzzle. |
| Keywords: | Experiment on couples, Time allocation, Work division |
| Date: | 2015–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01376912&r=hme |
| By: | Alain Alcouffe (LIRHE - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de recherche sur les Ressources Humaines et l'Emploi - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The author presents an account of the liberal economic thought in Germany from the dawn of the 20th century to the sixties. She describes in sufficient detail the conceptions of economic thought and economic policies of W. Eucken, W. Röpke, L. Erhard and A. Müller-Armack who are generally considered as the fathers of the social market economy. Meanwhile, the author provides keys to understand German current economic policy that is heavily discussed while its intellectual roots are poorly understood. The book fills in a very large gap in the history of economics. |
| Abstract: | l'auteur rend compte des avatars de la pensée économique libérale en Allemagne de l’aube du 20e siècle aux années 60. Elle expose de façon détaillée les conceptions de quatre économistes, W. Eucken, W. Röpke, L. Erhard et A. Müller-Armack à qui on attribue couramment l’origine de l’économie sociale de marché. Chemin faisant, l’auteur offre des clés pour comprendre la politique économique allemande contemporaine dont les racines sont méconnues alors qu’elle fait l’objet de de tant de débats. Le livre vient combler un vide dans la littérature économique. |
| Keywords: | German economic thought, W. Eucken, W. Röpke, L. Erhard , A. Müller-Armack, Social market economy |
| Date: | 2016–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01380176&r=hme |
| By: | Laurent Bibard (ESSEC Business School - Essec Business School) |
| Abstract: | La complexité de la notion d’éthique s’impose dès que l’on considère attentivement l’intention simpliste d’épuiser la question au travers de règles censées garantir la fiabilité éthique des organisations. Ceci, en particulier du fait de l’importance primordiale des routines pour comprendre dans quelle mesure l’éthique résulte prioritairement des pratiques vécues et répétées des acteurs au quotidien et non de la seule et le plus souvent impuissante, si ce n’est délétère incantation concernant les principes. |
| Abstract: | The complexity of ethics looms ahead as soon as one considers the simplistic attitude which consists in aiming at imposing rules and procedures in order to secure that an organization “is ethical”. Routines play a particularly important role in the daily work of organizations, and represent the most fundamental basis for ethics understood on the basis of practices and uses – thus, contrasting with the generally taken for granted understanding of ethics on the basis of norms and formal “commandments”. Far from helping people in “behaving ethically”, rules and norms provoke many deleterious effects on real organizational ethics. |
| Keywords: | Complexity,Ethics,Morals,Rules,Education,Routines,Complexité,Ethique,Morale,Règles |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01373040&r=hme |
| By: | Priyanka Julka (Madras School of Economics); Sukanya Das (Madras School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The relationship between gender and poverty is a complex and debatable topic more than ever and thus a potential area for policy makers to focus. The aim of this paper is to review existing literature and find evidence on linkages of whether gender affects poverty in two agro-biodiversity hotspots- two study sites -Tamil Nadu and Odisha, having different socio-economic setup. It tries to address the research question of whether female - headed households are poorest of the poor. The results depicts that gender has a significant impact on poverty in Tamil Nadu leaving further scope for research. |
| Keywords: | Feminization of Poverty, Household Headship, Gender Poverty, Tamil Nadu,OdishaClassification-JEL: I30, I32, I39 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mad:wpaper:2015-133&r=hme |
| By: | Hanspeter WIELAND (Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria); Stefan GILJUM (Vienna University of Economics and Business, Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020 Vienna, Austria) |
| Abstract: | Politics' demand for informative consumption-based emission assessments based on multi-regional input output (MRIO) databases is steadily increasing. Based on the MRIO database EXIOBASE 3, we exemplify the utility of a range of analytical tools and discus their potential insights for consumption-based policies. The analysis decomposes the overall EU carbon footprint into product groups as well as into emitting regions. Subsequently, we illustrate the potential of applying production layer decomposition (PLD) and structural path analysis (SPA) for the assessment of global supply-chains related to the EU carbon footprint and their structural changes over time. We close with some policy ecommendations on reducing carbon footprint hot spots. |
| Keywords: | Carbon footprint, multi-regional input-output analysis, analytical tools, supply chains, production layer decomposition, structural path analysis |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwiee:ieep13&r=hme |
| By: | Malapit, Hazel J.; Sproule, Kathryn; Kovarik, Chiara |
| Abstract: | This paper describes the cognitive interviews undertaken in Bangladesh and Uganda in 2014 as part of the second round of pilots intended to refine the original version of the Women’s Empowerment in Agricultural Index (WEAI). The WEAI is a survey-based tool that assesses gendered empowerment in agriculture. Baseline data were collected in 19 countries following the WEAI’s launch in 2012, but implementers reported a number of problems, such as confusion among both respondents and enumerators regarding the meaning of abstract concepts in the autonomy sub-module and difficulties recalling the sequence and duration of activities in the time-use sub-module. In our cognitive interviews, we asked detailed follow-up questions such as, “Did you think this question was difficult, and if so, why?” and “Can you explain this term to me in your own words?” The results revealed potential problems with the survey questions and informed the revision of the WEAI, now called the Abbreviated WEAI (or A-WEAI), which has less potential for response errors. |
| Keywords: | gender, women, agricultural development, agricultural policies, surveys, survey methods, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1564&r=hme |
| By: | Corey Allan (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Suzi Kerr (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | We update the analysis of Allan et al. (2015) and re-examine whether New Zealand households have become greener consumers using newly available data. We combine input-output data from 2006 and 2012 with detailed data on household consumption from the 2006 and 2012 Household Economic Surveys (HES) to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions embodied in household consumption. We confirm many of our previous findings; that emissions increase less than proportionately with expenditure, and that there is significant variation in expenditure elasticities across consumption categories. We test for a change in household emissions over time and decompose this change into improvements in production efficiency and changes in households. We find that average household emissions fell by 11% between 2006 and 2012. We attribute 1.7 percentage points of this decrease to changes in households, with the remaining 9.3 percentage points from changes in emissions intensities. The majority of the change due to households is a result of changes in household behaviour rather than a change in household characteristics. Emissions from household energy fell markedly between 2006 and 2012, driven by a reduction in the emissions intensity of electricity and a decrease in household electricity consumption. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; greenhouse gas emissions; household behaviour; consumption; input–output model |
| JEL: | Q56 Q57 D12 Q54 D57 |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:16_20&r=hme |
| By: | Virgile Chassagnon (UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Bernard Baudry (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Lyon - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon) |
| Abstract: | Despite the numerous economic works on the nature of the firm, only a few studies have clearly taken into account the legal and institutional contexts of the employer-employee relationship. This paper aims at comparing the regulation rules of the employment relationship advocated by contract economic theories to the American and French labor laws in both a positive and normative perspective. From a positive perspective, the contract approaches to the firm – transaction cost economics, the nexus of contracts theory and the modern theory of property rights – are similar to the tradition of American labor law. However, from a normative point of view, it appears that if contract economic theories seem to be partially in line with certain principles of the French labor law, there is a strong inconsistency between these approaches and the role that the French legal system gives to the State and to the law courts (and judges). |
| Keywords: | Contract economic theories,employment relationship,American labor law,French labor law,contractual freedom,employers' powers,collective negotiation,disputes settlement |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01371870&r=hme |
| By: | Marcus Dejardin (CERPE - Centre de Recherches en Economie Régionale et Politique Economique - Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP) - Namur, CIRTES - Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche Travail Etat et Société - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain); Sylvain Luc (Université Laval, Département des Relations industrielles - Université Laval) |
| Abstract: | Composé du mot entrepreneurial auquel est ajouté le suffixe -isme, l’entrepreneurialisme serait l'entrepreneuriat comme idéologie. Nous nous concentrons sur ce sens donné à l’entrepreneurialisme. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship,Entrepreneurialism,Entrepreneuriat,Entrepreneurialisme,Entrepreneur |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01390565&r=hme |
| By: | Mathieu Bunel (LEDi - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dijon - UB - Université de Bourgogne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yannick L 'Horty (TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Pascale Petit (TEPP - Travail, Emploi et Politiques Publiques - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12) |
| Abstract: | Cette étude évalue la discrimination dans l’accès à l’emploi dans trois professions présentes à la fois dans le secteur privé et dans la Fonction Publique. Deux dimensions sont examinées : l’effet de la réputation du lieu de résidence et l’effet de l’origine maghrébine. Elle est réalisée sur données expérimentales de testing réalisé dans trois professions en tension pour lesquelles la discrimination devrait a priori être très réduite : les responsables administratifs de catégorie A, les techniciens de maintenance de catégorie B et les aides soignantes de catégorie C. Pour chaque profession, nous avons construit 3 profils fictifs de candidats à l’emploi similaires en tout point à l’exception de la caractéristique testée (l’origine signalée par la consonance du prénom et du nom, ou la réputation du lieu de résidence). Entre octobre 2015 et avril 2016, nous avons envoyé 3258 candidatures en réponse à 1086 offres d’emploi. L’étude consiste en une exploitation statistique des résultats de ces envois. Nous mettons en avant trois principaux résultats, conditionnellement au fait que des données de testing ne fournissent qu’une mesure partielle, ponctuelle et localisée des discriminations à l’embauche. Premièrement, nous ne trouvons pas que les discriminations à l’embauche sont plus faibles dans la Fonction Publique que dans le secteur privé. Deuxièmement, nous ne sommes pas parvenus à mettre en évidence l’existence de discriminations qui seraient spécifiques à la Fonction Publique d’Etat ; en revanche, nous fournissons plusieurs preuves de l’existence d’une discrimination dans l’accès à l’emploi, selon l’origine et le lieu de résidence, pour les Fonctions Publiques Hospitalière et Territoriale. Troisièmement, le mode de recrutement par concours tel qu’il est organisé dans la Fonction Publique Territoriale ne permet pas de garantir un accès égal à l’emploi public : nous trouvons des discriminations à la fois pour les recrutements de contractuels et pour ceux de fonctionnaires titulaires après un concours. |
| Keywords: | origine, lieu de résidence, fonction publique, discrimination à l’embauche, testing. |
| Date: | 2016–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01374430&r=hme |
| By: | Gherardi, Natalia |
| Abstract: | La propuesta de este estudio es analizar las normas y las políticas que se están impulsando desde los Estados de la región de América Latina y el Caribe para abordar otras formas de violencia todavía invisibilizadas, que están menos presentes en el debate público y que, sin embargo, contribuyen a mantener la estructura de discriminación de género que reproduce la violencia más extrema. Se trata de otras formas de violencia que socavan la autonomía de las mujeres en sus distintas dimensiones: violencias en los procesos reproductivos que impactan en la autonomía física; violencias mediáticas y simbólicas reproducidas en el discurso público, que restringen la autonomía política; y violencias en ámbitos sociales, educativos y laborales, que limitan el ejercicio de la autonomía económica de las mujeres. |
| Keywords: | MUJERES, VIOLENCIA SEXISTA, DERECHOS DE LA MUJER, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, POLITICA SOCIAL, INVESTIGACION SOBRE EL GENERO, WOMEN, GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, WOMEN'S RIGHTS, GENDER EQUALITY, SOCIAL POLICY, GENDER RESEARCH |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col040:40754&r=hme |
| By: | Patricia Charléty (Essec Business School, THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - Université de Cergy Pontoise - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Davide Romelli (Trinity College Dublin [Dublin]); Estefania Santacreu-Vasut (Essec Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the fi rst systematic analysis of the evolution of female and male appointments to central bank boards. We build a novel and unique dataset that tracks appointments and replacements in a balanced panel of 26 OECD central bank boards from 2003 to 2015. We find that the likelihood of appointing a female is higher when a female rather than a male is being replaced and lower when the percentage of women on the board is already high. |
| Keywords: | Boards,Central Banks,Financial Crisis,Gender,Governance |
| Date: | 2016–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01386422&r=hme |
| By: | Koen Frenken |
| Keywords: | sharing economy |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uis:wpaper:1604&r=hme |
| By: | David Piachaud |
| Abstract: | A Citizen's Income, or a Basic Income, is not a new idea but it has been receiving increasing attention. There is confusion about the idea and an attempt is made to distinguish different concepts. Then a full Citizen's Income is examined in relation to four key criteria: the justice of an unconditional benefit; the possibility and fairness of a simple individual benefit; economic efficiency; and political feasibility. On all four criteria, Citizen's Income fails. It is concluded that Citizen's Income is a wasteful distraction from more practical methods of tackling poverty and inequality and ensuring all have a right to an adequate income. |
| Keywords: | Citizen’s Income, Basic Income, Conditionality, Social Justice |
| JEL: | H53 H55 I30 I38 |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:sticas:/200&r=hme |
| By: | Stéphane Cordier (MAPMO - Mathématiques - Analyse, Probabilités, Modélisation - Orléans - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UO - Université d'Orléans, UO - Université d'Orléans); Nicolas Debarsy (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orléans - LEO - Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UO - Université d'Orléans); Cem Ertur (Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orléans - LEO - Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UO - Université d'Orléans, UO - Université d'Orléans); François Nemo (LLL - Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique - BNF - Bibliothèque Nationale de France - UO - Université d'Orléans - Université François Rabelais - Tours - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UO - Université d'Orléans); Déborah Nourrit (EPSYLON - Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III); Gérard Poisson (PRISME - Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique - UO - Université d'Orléans - ENSI Bourges); Christel Vrain (LIFO - Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale d'Orléans - UO - Université d'Orléans - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, UO - Université d'Orléans) |
| Abstract: | This manuscript is composed of 18 contributions studying interactions in complex systems. These contributions were presented at the international conference on Interactions in Complex Systems, organized at University of Orléans in June 2013. This multidisciplinary manuscript aims at presenting how different disciplines may see their research topic from the complex system perspective and how interactions are accounted for in these complex systems. In this manuscript, we find contributions in mathematics, physics, computer sciences, robotics, life sciences, economics, linguistic, humanities or science of education The book is split into 4 parts, each one approaching interactions in complex systems from a particular perspective. We have gathered contributions by approach rather than by studied topic, the latter way being, to our viewpoint, less relevant to this type of book. The first part of the book contains papers dealing with interactions at the system level. The included contributions address territory planning, the traveling of population in the Neolithic era or interactions in neuron populations.The second part collects articles studying \textbf{networks} and proposing different methods for their analysis. This part contains contributions on link prediction, on interaction analysis in communities learning, on the influence of the type of strategies updates (parallel or sequential) on the evolution of cooperation among humans, opinion dynamics or the social function of gossip. Articles included in the third part focus on the analysis of interactions in social communications. As such, this part gathers papers studying teacher-student relations, the modeling of the teacher's evaluative speech to study students' interactions and the effects on learning or the modeling of human communications. Finally, the last part of this book is devoted to the analysis of interactions between economic agents in different fields. Thereby, a contribution develops a methodology to forecast employability of students in Earth Sciences; another article studies the importance of language and interactions between individuals as determinants of market equilibria; a mathematical model is derived to model money asset exchanges in the framework of a complex socioeconomic model in the third article and the last contribution of this part examines the study choice in an evolutionary game and show under which conditions the population of students splits into two classes of strategies in equilibrium. |
| Keywords: | Interactions,Complex System,Hyperbolic travelling waves,Territory Development,Neuron population,Game theory,Learning communities,Link prediction,Multiplex networks,Gossip,Opinion dynamics,Communication,Social-sport educators,Evaluative speech,Employability in Earth Science,Market interactions,Kinetic models,Evolutionary games |
| Date: | 2016–09–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01377409&r=hme |
| By: | Drew Zhu |
| Abstract: | According to the new attribute theory that is based on but different than Lancasterâs attribute theory, the paper builds a linear programming model of minimizing food cost subject to four nutrient requirements and derives a system of food demand functions from this model with a programming method. This derivation is independence of any utility function and at least is an exception of the utility theory. The programming method, which is neither a parametric nor a typically non-parametric method, allows us to thoroughly understand the mechanism of demandâs formation. The conclusion implies that the new attribute theory and the programming method might be an alternative approach to utility theory and the related estimation methods to derive the demand system. |
| JEL: | C61 D01 D11 D12 |
| Date: | 2016–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jmp:jm2016:pzh519&r=hme |