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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2016‒09‒18
twenty-one papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Melendez-Plumed, Vicenc |
| Abstract: | Karl Marx in chapter 9 of Capital, Volume III, remove profits from the cost-price of sectors so as to calcultate the production prices. If instead of doing so, we keep them we can obtain a set of production prices at the existing sectoral rates of profit in value terms which are proportional to values. This proportionality, based on the rate of surplus value, is only lost when trying to apply the resulting Marxian (wheigthed) rate of profit to the employed sectoral capitals measured in this proportional production prices. The common rate can only be applied by artificially establishing a price that modifies the common unit of the sectoral values. |
| Keywords: | Sectoral rates of profit in value terms; Rate of surplus value; Production prices; Labour value |
| JEL: | B51 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73628&r=hme |
| By: | Davis, John B. (Department of Economics Marquette University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines Geoff Hodgson’s interpretation of Veblen in agency-structure terms, and argues it produces a conception of reflexive economic agents. It then sets out an account of cumulative causation processes using this reflexive agent conception, modeling them as a two-part causal process, one part involving a linear causal relation and one part involving a circular causal relation. The paper compares the reflexive agent conception to the standard expected utility conception of economic agents, and argues that on a cumulative causation view of the world the completeness assumption essential to the standard view of rationality cannot be applied. The final discussion addresses the nature of the choice behavior of reflexive economic agents, using the thinking of Amartya Sen and Herbert Simon to frame how agents might approach choice in regard to each of the two different parts of cumulative causal processes, and closing with brief comments on behavioral economics’ understanding of reference dependence and position adjustment. |
| Keywords: | Hodgson, Veblen, cumulative causation, reflexive agents, completeness assumption |
| JEL: | B41 B52 D01 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mrq:wpaper:2016-05&r=hme |
| By: | David Vallat (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The Sharing Economy is much more than collaborative consumption (Botsman and Rogers, 2011) even if this appears as the most visible achievement of this sector. Production, consumption, finance, exchanges are disrupted by the sharing economy revolution. But what are the common points between Airbnb, Uber, Wikipedia, Ulule, Blablacar, Kickstarter, the FabLabs/hackespaces, the Local exchange trading systems (LETS), Linux, etc.? Most of these achievements rely upon digital platforms (Kenney and Zysman, 2015) enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. These digital platforms act as « weapon of mass collaboration » (Tapscott & Williams - 2007), flattening relationships between Internet users and inside organizations (Castells, 1996 ; 2002). Specifying what the sharing economy is isn’t an easy task. For-profit, non-profit, reciprocity, competition can be observed at a stage or another in the sharing economy galaxy. A bright constellation in this galaxy is the think tank Ouishare created in France in 2012. It’s s a « global community that connects people, organizations and ideas around fairness, openness and trust » (ouishare.net). For them collaborative economy deals with five phenomena: collaborative consumption, crowdfunding, open knowledge (open data, open education, open governance), the maker movement (open design and manufacturing, do it yourself), open and horizontal governance (participatory budgeting, open government initiatives, co-operatives, open value networks, do-ocracries, holacracies). Internet seems to enable peer-to-peer exchanges between consumers (Bauwens, 2005) who are also sometimes producers (Tapscot and William - 2007 speak about “prosumers” to stress how the lines have been blurring). Of course Uber and Airbnb’s algorithms are working like digital auctioneers: tiny invisible hands enabling peer-to-peer exchanges. Could this be the return of Smith or Hayek? Why am I asking this question? Because Jimmy Wales, Wikipedia’s founder, pointed out “Hayek’s work on price theory is central to my own thinking about how to manage the Wikipedia project” (Mangu-Ward, 2007). In order to figure out how to understand the complexity of the sharing economy we propose to explore three paths to characterize it. In the first one we’ll distinguish, with Karl Polanyi, two kinds of economy. Then we will try to figure out where to position the sharing economy (1). In the second one we’ll see if all the sharing economy organizations really share everything and how (2). The last way to characterize the sharing economy is around its global political project (3). 1) The economic anthropologist Karl Polanyi is known for his opposition to traditional economic thought. He distinguishes two ways to understand economy: formal and substantive (Polanyi, 1944). The formal meaning refers to an economy interested only in minimizing means and maximizing results (in neoclassical words: utility maximization under conditions of scarcity). The substantive meaning refers to how humans make a living interacting within their social and natural environments. In this case the economy is embedded in society. Karl Polanyi identifies four principles (or forms of integration) of economic behavior, three in a substantive meaning (reciprocity, redistribution, domestic administration) and the last in the formal sense (market exchange). These principles will be used to classify sharing economies. 2) The sharing economy seems to offer a third way between state and market, the collaborative commons (Rifkin, 2014), which are aimed to produce, innovate, manage, all in common (Ostrom, 1990; Hess & Ostrom, 2007). Some projects or organizations of the sharing economy are managed as common pool resources (Wikipedia, Linux). These projects/organizations have been deeply influenced by the free culture movement (Lessig, 2004 ; Suber, 2012 ; Stallman, 1985) very present in Internet culture (Castells, 1996 ; Benkler 2002) and are close to a an economy in its substantive meaning. The principles of common pool resource management (Ostrom, 1990) are, according to us, useful tools to characterize sharing economy projects. 3) Proponents of the sharing economy advocate action. This is to participate in the creation of a new world by being an agent of change. Acting is a way to test ideas and overcome the internal contradictions of the movement. 3D printers, laser cutters, digital milling machine found in all FabLabs provide access to a new form of bricolage, an interconnected DIY (Anderson, 2012 ; Lallement, 2015). More than a political project, a way of being: to not be a passive consumer and join the ranks of the makers (Anderson, 2012). The concept of bricolage (Levi-Strauss, 1962 ; Duymedian et Rüling, 2010 ; Gundry et al., 2003 ; Garud et Karnøe, 2003) could help us in identifying the real spirit of the sharing economy. On the one hand the culture of open access (Suber, 2012) where peers gather behind a socially useful project and produce in common; on the other huge corporations that take advantage of the opportunities opened up by the internet to establish a " netarchical capitalism” (Bauwens and Kostakis, 2014). The sharing economy concentrates contradictions. We hope to give, in this paper, some guidelines to identify sharing economies. |
| Keywords: | collaborative economy , sharing economy , Uber , Polanyi , Wikipedia , Ostrom , Commons , Rifkin , Levi-Strauss ,économie collaborative , bricolage |
| Date: | 2016–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01331107&r=hme |
| By: | Katarzyna Cieslik |
| Abstract: | Present-day development theory and practice highlight the potential of micro-entrepreneurship for poverty reduction in least developed countries. Fostered by the seminal writings of microfinance founder Muhammad Yunus and the bottom-of-the-pyramid propagator Krishnarao Prahalad, the new approach is marked by a stress on participation and sustainability, and the new, market-based development models. With the growing popularity of the new approach there has been an increased demand for research on the efficacy and impact of innovations. What has scarcely been addressed, however, is the legitimacy of the new paradigm within its contexts of application. Since engagement and participation have been made the focal point of the new approach, my research investigates how the innovative, mostly market-based models have been received by the local populations on the ground. This doctoral dissertation is looking up-close at the rural populations of Burundi, describing and explaining their perceptions, behaviors and actions in response to the market-based development innovations: microfinance, rural entrepreneurship and community social enterprise. Do the concepts of entrepreneurship, community engagement and participation find a fertile ground among the poorest rural dwellers of sub-Saharan Africa? Can subsistence farmers be entrepreneurs? How to create social value in the context of extreme resource scarcity? It is investigating these and other questions that guided the subsequent stages of my work. I based my dissertation on extensive field research, conducted periodically over the period of four years in the remote areas of rural Burundi.In the first chapter, I question the applicability of entrepreneurship-based interventions to the socio-cultural context of rural Burundi. Basing my quantitative analysis on a unique cross-section dataset from Burundi of over 900 households, I look into the entrepreneurial livelihood strategies at the near-subsistence level: diversifying crops, processing food for sale, supplementary wage work and non-agricultural employment. I find that the farmers living closer to the subsistence level are indeed less likely to pursue innovative entrepreneurial opportunities, unable to break the poverty cycle and move beyond subsistence agriculture. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on by analyzing its drivers and inhibitors in the context of a subsistence economy. It questions the idea of alleviating rural poverty through the external promotion of entrepreneurship as it constitutes ‘a denial of the poor’s capacity for agency to bring about social change by themselves on their own terms’.Drawing on these findings, the second chapter focusses on the role of local communities as shareholders of projects. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ways in which the agrarian communities in rural Burundi accommodate the model of a community social enterprise. The project understudy, implemented by the UNICEF Burundi Innovation Lab, builds upon the provision of green energy generators to the village child protection committees in the energy-deficient rural regions of the country. The electricity-producing machines are also a new income source for the groups, transforming them into economically viable community enterprises. Since the revenue earned is to directly support the village orphans’ fund, the communities in question engage in a true post-development venture: they gradually assume the role of the development-provisioning organizations.The third chapter of this work focusses on the complex interaction between the microfinance providers and the population of its clients and potential clients: the rural poor. It draws on the existing research on positive deviance among African communities and explores the social entrepreneurial potential of the rule-breaking practices of microfinance programs’ beneficiaries. Using the storyboard methodology, I examine the strategies employed by the poor in Burundi to bypass institutional rules. My results suggest that transgressive practices and nonconformity of development beneficiaries can indeed be seen as innovative, entrepreneurial initiatives to reform the microfinance system from within, postulating a more participatory mode of MFIs’ organizational governance. The three empirical chapters provide concrete examples illustrating the contested nature of the development process. In the last, theoretical, chapter, I examine how the different conceptualizations of social entrepreneurship have been shaped by the disparate socio-political realities in the North and in the South. I then analyze how the process of constructing academic representation has been influenced by the prevalent public discourses.Since doubling or tripling of the external development finance has not sufficed to bring about systemic change, the assumption that technology, managerial efficacy and the leveraging power of financial markets could be applied to solving the problem of persisting global poverty has a lot of appeal. At the same time, my findings point to the fact that if the ultimate objective of development is broadly defined value creation, the definition of what constitutes value should be negotiated among all the stakeholders. The dissertation makes an important contribution to the understanding of participation, entrepreneurship and community engagement in the context of development studies.I strongly believe that development organizations must have a quality understanding of the social and cultural characteristics of the need or problem they are targeting in order to make productive decisions about the application and scaling of interventions. I very much hope that my work can provide some guidance for their work on the ground. |
| Keywords: | social entrepreneurship, micro-entrepreneurship, agrarian economy, positive deviance, Burundi |
| Date: | 2016–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/222062&r=hme |
| By: | Uzcátegui, Carolina; Solano, Javier; Figueroa, Paulina |
| Abstract: | Considering the relevance that has taken the welfare of human beings focus on sustainability, both in Latin America and in Ecuador, this paper explores the effects of extractive action and exploitation of natural resources used by the Ecuadorian shrimp industry. The analysis is directed through the concept of sustainable development and the tragedy of the commons, with the aim of harmonizing long-term vision of sustainability in this specific sector. The results show an aggressive expansion of the shrimp industry, which has displaced mangrove forests by pools for shrimp farming and reduced the extent of these forests by 70% from 1980 to 2013; also taking into account the tragedy of the commons, can predict a similar future for this industry, the stage lived in 1999 after the presence of WSV virus, the sector fell by 80% in just one year with serious consequences for local economy. The importance of generating collective and cooperation between those involved actions through legal and regulatory mechanisms that promote a balance between the interaction of nature and humans, replacing the pursuit of individual economic benefit from the social benefit at the prospect arises. |
| Keywords: | shrimp, tragedy of the commons, sustainable development, natural resources |
| JEL: | D60 D69 |
| Date: | 2016–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73690&r=hme |
| By: | Alexandre Moatti (Sphere - SPHERE - Sciences - Philosophie - Histoire - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CGEIET - Conseil général de l'économie, de l'industrie, de l'énergie et des technologies - Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et de l'Industrie) |
| Abstract: | This paper, based on various contemporary and historical sources, as well as a personal experience, tends to investigate how the figure of Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon (1760-1825) is mobilized nowadays in some discourses originating from a special French environment, at the border between large French corporations and the highest ranks of French administration (Corps des Mines, Inspection des Finances,…). Relying on the moral value of science and technics, defining public policies on the side of the political power, and finally promoting the notion of “common interest” at the highest ranks of some French enterprises would be the three cardinal virtues of such discourses. |
| Abstract: | Cette communication vise à investiguer, en s’appuyant sur diverses sources contemporaines et historiques ainsi que sur une expérience personnelle, comment la figure du comte de Saint-Simon (1760-1825) est invoquée de nos jours dans des discours émanant de milieux de grandes entreprises imbriqués, comme c’est souvent le cas en France, au milieu de la haute fonction publique (grands Corps d’État notamment). Ces discours font apparaître trois vertus cardinales supposées saint-simoniennes : la valeur et la compréhension de la science et de la technique, la définition de politiques publiques en appui au pouvoir politique, la défense d’un « intérêt général » à la tête des grandes entreprises françaises (y compris privées). |
| Keywords: | Saint-Simon, Polytechnique, Corps des Mines, Beffa, Fauroux, Lévy-Lambert, Moch, Vallon, Spinasse, Coutrot |
| Date: | 2016–03–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01306320&r=hme |
| By: | Sergio Currarini; Carmen Marchiori; Alessandro Tavoni |
| Abstract: | Local interactions and network structures appear to be a prominent feature of many environmental problems. This paper discusses a wide range of issues and potential areas of application, including the role of relational networks in the pattern of adoption of green technologies, common pool resource problems characterized by a multiplicity of sources, the role of social networks in multi-level environmental governance, infrastructural networks in the access to and use of natural resources such as oil and natural gas, the use of networks to describe the internal structure of inter-country relations in international agreements, and the formation of bilateral “links” in the process of building up an environmental coalition. For each of these areas, we examine why and how network economics would be an effective conceptual and analytical tool, and discuss the main insights that we can foresee. |
| Keywords: | networks; environmental externalities; technological diffusion; gas pipelines; common-pool-resources; multi-level governance; coalitions |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:63951&r=hme |
| By: | Simon Brière; Bernard Fortin; Guy Lacroix |
| Abstract: | Pour des CV semblables en tout point, Samira Benounis recevra-t-elle moins d’invitations à un entretien d’embauche que Valérie Tremblay dans la région de la Capitale-Nationale (Québec, Canada) ? Cet article tente de répondre à cette question à partir d’une expérience utilisant la méthode de testing par envoi de CV. Nos résultats montrent que, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, la probabilité d’être invitée à un entretien d’embauche diminue de 11 % lorsque la candidate a un nom d’origine maghrébine plutôt que québécoise. Ce constat suggère la présence d’une discrimination à l’embauche des candidates d’origine maghrébine dans la région de la Capitale-Nationale. |
| Keywords: | discrimination à l’embauche, méthode de testing par envoi de CV, région de la Capitale-Nationale (Québec, Canada) |
| JEL: | C93 J71 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:criacr:1605&r=hme |
| By: | Francesco Bogliacino; Dario Guarascio |
| Abstract: | En este artículo, analizamos el proceso de integración monetaria europea, mostrando las determinantes estructurales y los elementos disfuncionales en las instituciones. En segunda instancia, mostramos como hay dos lecturas prevalentes que fallan al interpretar los acontecimientos. Por un lado, hay una interpretación ideológica que ve en el proceso de integración un proceso de convergencia con el cual no hay que interferir. Por otra parte, aparece una visión idealista según la cual el objetivo de integración prevalece sobre cualquier contradicción engendrada a nivel institucional. La combinación de estas dos visiones sirvió para justificar las intervenciones postcrisis (las políticas de austeridad) y la construcción institucional que siguió tras estas agravando la inestabilidad. |
| Keywords: | área monetaria óptima, balanza de pago, crisis financiera, austeridad, integración europea |
| JEL: | B52 F45 F53 O52 |
| Date: | 2016–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000178:015039&r=hme |
| By: | Luhmann, Henrike; Schaper, Christian; Theuvsen, Ludwig |
| Abstract: | As a major agricultural subsector, milk production plays an important role in the EU 28. Political decisions such as the aboli-tion of the milk quota system in 2015, highly volatile milk prices and fierce international competition have led to challenges for both farmers and dairies and a need to improve competitiveness. The concept of sustainability in the form of a produc-tion standard can be seen as a means for both dairy farmers and dairies to gain competitive advantages and meet stake-holders’ demands. Farmers’ acceptance of a sustainability standard is an important factor for its successful implementation. Therefore, future-oriented farmers are an important target group for dairies. This study investigates future-oriented dairy farmers’ acceptance of a comprehensive sustainability standard and, based on their responses, categorizes farmers into three different clusters: ‘halfhearted sustainability proponents’, ‘highly dedicated sustainability proponents’ and ‘profit-oriented sustainability refusers’. Further analysis provides insights into the determinants of farmers’ acceptance of a sus-tainability standard. The results of this study provide manifold starting points for deriving managerial implications for dair-ies and the implementation of sustainability standards. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iefi16:244538&r=hme |
| By: | Mehdi Farajallah (GIS Marsouin, France); Robert G. Hammond (North Carolina State University, USA); Thierry Pénard (CREM, UMR CNRS 6211, University of Rennes 1, France) |
| Abstract: | How are prices and market outcomes determined on peer-to-peer platforms? More importantly, how should we expect price-setting and demand behavior to change as these markets mature? We provide the first empirical analysis of the world’s leading carsharing platform, BlaBlaCar. Our econometric model explicitly accounts for the joint determination of price and quantity demanded and finds that pricing decisions evolve as drivers gain experience with the platform. More-experienced drivers set lower prices and, controlling for price, sell more seats. Our interpretation is that more-experienced drivers on BlaBlaCar learn to lower their prices as they gain experience. Further, we find that driver demographics matter. The demographic characteristic with the quantitatively largest effect is for drivers with an Arabic-sounding name, for whom there is meaningfully lower demand, despite the fact that these drivers set lower prices. In total, our results suggest that peer-to-peer markets such as BlaBlaCar share some characteristics with other types of peer-to-peer markets such as eBay but remain a unique and rich setting in which there are many new insights to be gained. |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tut:cremwp:2016-12&r=hme |
| By: | Denis Dupré (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INPG - Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UJF - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRIA Grenoble Rhône-Alpes - Information Scientifique et Technique (IST) - Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Nous proposons de préciser le concept de monnaie comme un dialogue pour construire un monde commun. Un concept est un élément pour la conception ou le jugement : une notion dont la signification est ferme et ancrée et à des conséquences intellectuelles d’entendement du monde. C’est en suivant la piste du renversement praxéologique de la philosophie du langage que nous fabriquerons un concept de monnaie. Alors, un vrai dialogue peut apparaitre entre les membres d’une communauté humaine sur les usages de la monnaie en vue de finalités collectives. Avec la monnaie, le caractère politique concerne tout autant le discours sur la monnaie que la transaction matérielle et l’échange qu’elle permet. La monnaie est elle-même une forme de langage. Dans les deux cas, il s’agit de bâtir ensemble un monde partagé. Puisqu’il il y a une analogie entre langage et monnaie dans sa fonction principale mais aussi dans la dualité de ses modes d’usage, nous allons faire appel à la philosophie du langage qui a redéfini le concept de dialogue et dont nous nous inspirerons pour définir notre concept de monnaie. L’analyse du dialogue a été bouleversée par le renversement praxéologique de la philosophie du langage qui a constitué une révolution dans l’analyse des dialogues. Pour la monnaie, une réflexion analogue conduirait à intégrer dans la question monétaire, sa performativité, le fait qu’elle n’est pas un outil neutre de l’échange et qu’il faut analyser au travers des échanges, ce que les acteurs cherchent à construire en utilisant la monnaie. Dans notre approche praxéologique d’un concept de monnaie, nous dirons qu’un concept doit au moins : • expliciter une définition qui permet dès lors de partager avec d’autres des représentations et de pouvoir sans précision partager un même « de quoi l’on parle ». •définir une typologie des caractéristiques de cet objet dans différents environnements dans lequel il peut être observé. • préciser le modèle de représentation du monde, dans notre cas l’économie soutenable, qui met en jeu différents concepts. Si l’on parle la même langue, c’est que l’on a un monde commun à partager, à défendre et toujours à construire. Le dialogue permet de préciser sur quoi l’on n’est pas d’accord, les différences de monde que l’on veut construire. Ainsi, la monnaie et le dialogue sur la monnaie permettent de construire un monde. Les différences et conflits peuvent être exprimés. Un collectif, un « nous », peut alors, en s’appuyant sur le concept partagé de monnaie, tracer les règles que cette communauté édictera. C‘est alors seulement que la monnaie peut être au service des projets d’autonomie. |
| Keywords: | Monnaie 37,Concept 20,praxeologie |
| Date: | 2016–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01326630&r=hme |
| By: | Hedtke, Reinhold |
| Abstract: | In diesem Beitrag versuche ich exemplarisch zu zeigen, wie fragwürdig verbreitete Selbstverständlichkeiten einer wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen ökonomischen Bildung sind. Als Alternative dazu skizziere ich Elemente eines sozialwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes ökonomischer Bildung. Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Wirtschaftsdidaktik und eine sozialwissenschaftlich angelegte ökonomische Bildung unterscheiden sich in einigen Punkten erheblich von den rein wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Konzeptionen. |
| Keywords: | Wirtschaftsdidaktik,Ökonomische Bildung,Sozialwissenschaften |
| JEL: | A20 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:145989&r=hme |
| By: | Hedtke, Reinhold |
| Abstract: | Das schulische ökonomische Wissen droht zunehmend irrelevant für die wirtschaftliche Praxis zu werden. Denn seit etwa zehn Jahren fixiert sich der wirtschaftsdidaktische Mainstream fast ausschließlich auf einzelne mikroökonomische Richtungen der Volkswirtschaftslehre. Er ignoriert zugleich eine ganze wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Disziplin: die Betriebswirtschaftslehre. Was folgt aus dem orthodoxen Ansatz ökonomischer Bildung für das Bildungsziel, wirtschaftlich kompetenter handeln zu lernen? Würden betriebswirtschaftliche Denkfiguren die ökonomische Bildung handlungswirksamer machen? |
| Keywords: | Ökonomische Bildung,Betriebswirtschaftslehre,Handlungsorientierung,Pluralismus |
| JEL: | A20 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:145988&r=hme |
| By: | Sylvain Chareyron; Patrick Domingues |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tep:teppwp:wp15-07&r=hme |
| By: | Carlo Vercellone (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Souvent revendiquée par la gauche radicale, la « défense des services publics » dépasse rarement le niveau d’une lutte défensive. Pour Carlo Vercellone [3], les institutions du welfare sont pourtant au coeur d’une contradiction qui oppose la logique rentière du capitalisme cognitif à la dynamique de l’économie fondée sur la connaissance et la satisfaction des besoins sociaux. Ces institutions présentent à ce titre un potentiel de transformation sociale globale dont le revenu social garanti, inconditionnel et indépendant de l’emploi, pourrait représenter un moment clé. |
| Keywords: | welfare-state, commun, capitalisme cognitif, économie fondée sur la connaissance |
| Date: | 2016–05–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01335203&r=hme |
| By: | Bernardo Alves Furtado; Isaque Daniel Rocha Eberhardt; Alexandre Messa |
| Abstract: | This text reports in detail how SEAL, a modeling framework for the economy based on individual agents and firms, works. Thus, it aims to be an usage manual for those wishing to use SEAL or SEAL's results. As a reference work, theoretical and research studies are only cited. SEAL is thought as a Lab that enables the simulation of the economy with spatially bounded microeconomic-based computational agents. Part of the novelty of SEAL comes from the possibility of simulating the economy in space and the instantiation of different public offices, i.e. government institutions, with embedded markets and actual data. SEAL is designed for Public Policy analysis, specifically those related to Public Finance, Taxes and Real Estate. |
| Date: | 2016–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1609.03996&r=hme |
| By: | Erwan Joud (ICI - Laboratoire Information, Coordination, Incitations - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - UBO - Université de Bretagne Occidentale - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société); Nicolas Jullien (ICI - Laboratoire Information, Coordination, Incitations - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - UBO - Université de Bretagne Occidentale - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société); Marine Le Gall-Ely (ICI - Laboratoire Information, Coordination, Incitations - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - UBO - Université de Bretagne Occidentale - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société) |
| Abstract: | The consumer endorsing the role of producer can find solutions outside the framework of the organization. Thus, volunteer contributors to the content of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia setup a community that integrates non-human actors, bots. These autonomous programs have a social trajectory. Which can be likened to life for humans that have social interactions with this sort of artifact, as suggested by the CASA paradigm, "Computers are social actors" (Nass et al., 1994; Reeves and Nass, 1996). Through the life narrative of one such bot, struggling against malicious contributions, we explore the process of acceptance that makes it an actor acknowledged by the community. |
| Abstract: | Le consommateur endossant le rôle de producteur peut trouver des solutions en dehors du cadre de l'organisation. Ainsi, les contributeurs bénévoles au contenu de l'encyclopédie en ligne Wikipédia forment une communauté qui intègre des acteurs non-humains, les bots. Ces programmes autonomes ont une trajectoire sociale. Celle-ci peut s’apparenter au sens d'une vie pour des humains qui ont des interactions sociales avec ce type d'artefact, comme le suggère le paradigme CASA, « Computers are social actors » (Nass et al., 1994 ; Reeves et Nass, 1996). Au travers du récit de vie de l'un de ces bots, luttant contre les contributions malveillantes, nous explorons le processus d'acceptation qui en fait un acteur reconnu par la communauté. |
| Keywords: | social actor,acceptance,bot,life narrative,Wikipedia,acteur social,acceptation,récit de vie |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01341906&r=hme |
| By: | Hedtke, Reinhold |
| Abstract: | Die Wirtschaftsdidaktik versteht ökonomische Bildung als einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Verbraucherbildung“ (DeGöB). Dieses Bekenntnis ist weit weniger klar, als es klingt. Denn was jugendliche Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher von ökonomischer Bildung erwarten können und was nicht, hängt davon ab, wie man ökonomische Bildung konzipiert. Der Mainstream der Wirtschaftsdidaktik versteht ökonomische Bildung als bevorzugt volkswirtschaftliche Bildung und als Bildung durch das Paradigma der Ökonomik; damit blendet er betriebswirtschaftliche Denkweisen weitestgehend aus. Welche Folgen hat dies für eine verbraucherorientierte Wirtschaftsdidaktik? Was kann Konsumentenbildung gewinnen, wenn sie sich auf die Methodologie der Betriebswirtschaftslehre stützt? |
| Keywords: | Konsumentenbildung,Wirtschaftsdidaktik,Ökonomische Bildung,Betriebswirtschaftslehre |
| JEL: | A20 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:145987&r=hme |
| By: | Kosten, Dmitri |
| Abstract: | Technological advancements in the means of production are the driving force behind the changes in the prevailing system of socio-economic relations. Feudalism was transformed into capitalism as a result of such advancements. While man obtained physical freedom, the financial freedom remained under the control of the centralized authority. A deep level of collaboration is required to attain the next level of productivity provided by new technological advancements. However, the present system with a centralized control of governance and finance appears to constrain and restrain the value producing economy. This constriction becomes especially evident when the business environment requires collaboration to create, as it underlines the inherent conflict of centralized control. The most recent tech sector innovations, such as smart contracts and cryptocurrencies, are poised to disrupt the system of centralized control. The removal of a centralized authority from the position of control will change the fabric of the society to reflect the mesh network of shared resources. The society will transform to the new form of socio-economic relations – the era of Crypto-Socialism. |
| Keywords: | Bitcoin, Blockchain, Crypto-Socialism, socio-economic transformation, socio-economic framework, smart contract, sharing economy, distributed trust, function of money, financial decentralization, financial desintermediation |
| JEL: | B50 B53 E00 E02 E40 E41 E42 E43 E44 E49 E5 E50 E51 E52 E58 E59 K00 K20 P00 P20 P40 |
| Date: | 2015–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73568&r=hme |
| By: | Manuel Coeslier (Audencia Business School, LHEEA - Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique - École Centrale de Nantes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Céline Louche (Audencia Business School); Jean-François Hétet (LHEEA - Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique - École Centrale de Nantes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In a context where the necessary transition to a climate-resilient economy creates financing needs as well as new and underestimated financial risks for investors, low-carbon or carbonefficient financial indices represent a rapidly growing and promising instrument. By building and testing representative optimization methodologies for low-carbon stock indices, this study investigates their ability to both (i) allow investors to hedge against climate-related financial risks and (ii) promote companies with higher contribution to the energy transition. The analysis is based on a large European stock index for which we benefit from a complete set of bottom-up calculated environmental indicators, including indirect and avoided carbon emissions figures. The results indicate that mainstream low-carbon indices methodologies fail to address the challenges they are based on and call for further improvements in order to align diversified financial instruments with ambitious climate objectives. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable finance,lowcarbon indices,Carbon footprint,Financed emissions,Avoided emissions |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01356163&r=hme |