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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2016‒08‒28
fourteen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Koen Frenken |
| Abstract: | : It is argued that innovation policy based on notions of market failure or system failure is too limited in the context of current societal challenges. I propose a third, complexity-theoretic approach. This approach starts from the observation that most innovations are related to existing activities, and that policy’s additionality is highest for unrelated diversification. To trigger unrelated diversification into activities that contribute to solving societal challenges, government’s main task is to organize the process of demand articulation. This process leads to clear and manageable societal objectives that effectively guide a temporary collation of actors to develop solutions bottom-up. The combination of a broad coalition, a clear objective and tentative governance are the means to cope with the inherent complexity of modern-day innovation |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uis:wpaper:1601&r=hme |
| By: | F. Clementi; M. Gallegati |
| Abstract: | Over the last decades, the distribution of income and wealth has been deteriorating in many countries, leading to increased inequalities within and between societies. This tendency has revived the interest in the subject greatly, yet it still receives very little attention within the realm of mainstream economic thinking. One reason for this is that the basic paradigm of "standard economics", the representative-agent General Equilibrium framework, is badly equipped to cope with distributional issues. Here we argue that when the economy is treated as a complex system composed of many heterogeneous interacting agents who give rise to emergent phenomena, to address the main stylized facts of income/wealth distribution requires leaving the toolbox of mainstream economics in favour of alternative approaches. The "k-generalized" family of income/wealth distributions, building on the categories of complexity, is an example of how advances in the field can be achieved within new interdisciplinary research contexts. |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1608.06076&r=hme |
| By: | Carreri, Anna (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | The paper aims to explore what are the personal perspectives, towards past, present and future, through which 45 Italian partners with young children define the impact of social problems on the work-family fit and make their choices. The narrative analysis to life course shows a certain structuring of stories that is built around the parenting turning point, after which the personal perspectives within the couple are overturned compared to the previous stage. Despite the diffusion of gender equality values, the swap between the partners of interpretative repertoires based on the ability to operate their own choices tends to reproduce the traditional gender agency gap |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201613&r=hme |
| By: | Luana Simões Pinheiro; Marcelo Medeiros |
| Abstract: | Avalia-se a desigualdade de gênero no uso do tempo para trabalho no Brasil dividindo-se o tempo total de trabalho em trabalho pago (mercado) e não pago (doméstico) a partir de dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (Pnad) 2013. Conclui-se que há muita desigualdade dentro do grupo dos homens, bem como dentro do grupo das mulheres. A maior parte da desigualdade dentro desses grupos está associada à polarização entre trabalhar ou não. Os trabalhos femininos, pago e não pago, são os que mais contribuem para a desigualdade total na sociedade. O trabalho doméstico masculino não é frequente e por isso contribui pouco para a desigualdade. Os principais determinantes do diferencial de gênero na duração das jornadas de trabalho são a proporção de pessoas que fazem trabalho pago e a duração do trabalho não pago. A divisão sexual do trabalho não é caracterizada por um espelhamento de atividades e, por isso, as mulheres invariavelmente trabalham mais que os homens, mesmo quando as desigualdades dentro dos grupos são consideradas. We examine gender inequalies in time use in Brazil by decomposing the total time employed in work in paid (market) and unpaid work (domestic). Data comes from the 2013 National Household Survey, Pnad. We found large inequalities within the subgroups of men and women. Most inequality within these groups is related to the polarization between working or not. Female work, both paid and unpaid, is what contributes more to total inequality in society. The domestic work of men is not common and, as a consequence, contributes little to total inequality. The main determinants of the gender differential in working hours are the proportion of people who do some paid work and the duration of unpaid work. The sexual division of labor is not characterized by a mirroring of activities. Therefore, women invariably work more than men, even when within group inequalities are taken into account. |
| Date: | 2016–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2214&r=hme |
| By: | Babayev, Bahruz |
| Abstract: | The main objective of this article is to describe the rise of New Institutional Economics (NIE) and assess its contributions to the Post Washington Consensus (PWC). This paper argues that the rise of the NIE has provided theoretical ideas for the PWC, but it is still debatable how the contributions of the NIE are effective to tackle development challenges. However, these contributions can still be considered important in the development thinking and their accurate application and implementation in various traditional societies can have long term development impact. |
| Keywords: | Post Washington Consensus, New Institutional Economics, institutions, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Consensus. |
| JEL: | B00 B52 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73232&r=hme |
| By: | Hasan, Zubair |
| Abstract: | Islamic economics has of late landed in confusion and neglect and much concern is being voiced on this state of affairs. The divergence of views on various aspects of the subject tends to grow, cohesive efforts are missing. It is in this context that the present paper takes a look at the nature and significance of Islamic economics and examines the issues of its definition, nature and scope, the questions of methods and methodology, system approach, the problems that seems to hinder its growth, the challenges Islamic economics faces today and how the same can be faced. Since the differences between the Islamic and mainstream economic disciplines stem from the divergent worldviews that condition them, the discussion opens on the topic as background material. This paper is a part of draft Chapter of a book under preparation on Islamic economics and finance. Comments and suggestions are welcome but the paper or its parts cannot be put to any commercial or unfair use. |
| Keywords: | Islamic economics, worldview, methodology, economic systems, problems challenges |
| JEL: | D0 D01 D03 |
| Date: | 2016–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:73268&r=hme |
| By: | Frederick H. Wallace; Tim Perri |
| Abstract: | The extent of publishing in predatory journals in economics is examined in this paper. A simple model of researcher behavior is presented to explore those factors motivating an economist or other academic to publish in predatory journals as defined by Beall (2015). Beall’s lists are used to identify predatory journals and publishers included in the Research Papers in Economics archives. Once identified, the affiliations of authors publishing in these outlets are determined in order to identify the characteristics of those publishing in predatory journals. The geographic dispersion of authorship is widespread. A very small subset of authors is registered on RePEc. Around forty-five percent of registered authors who publish in predatory journals in the data set have six or fewer publications. A surprising number of authors who are in the RePEc top 5% also published in predatory journals in 2015. Key Words: Predatory Publications, RePEc |
| JEL: | A10 I20 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:16-08&r=hme |
| By: | Philip Gunby (University of Canterbury); Yinghua Jin; W. Robert Reed (University of Canterbury) |
| Abstract: | Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been linked to economic growth in a number of countries. Productivity spillovers at the firm level have been identified as a key element in the process by which FDI stimulates economic growth. Moreover, there is evidence of FDI-related productivity spillovers in China. Whether these spillovers have been of sufficient size to affect growth at the aggregate level, however, is an empirical question. We apply meta-analysis to the corresponding empirical literature to find an answer. Our main finding is that the effect of FDI on Chinese economic growth is much smaller than one would expect from a naïve aggregation of existing estimates. Publication bias and a profusion of estimates based on less preferred study and sample characteristics have served to inflate observed estimates. Once these effects are accounted for, the estimated effect of FDI on Chinese economic growth is reduced to statistical insignificance. This suggests that the cause(s) of the Chinese “economic miracle†likely lie elsewhere. |
| Keywords: | Meta-analysis, FDI, China, economic growth |
| JEL: | O11 O53 F21 |
| Date: | 2016–07–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbt:econwp:16/15&r=hme |
| By: | Oblasser, Angela |
| Abstract: | Las actividades mineras, además de reportar beneficios sociales y económicos, deben internalizar de manera efectiva los impactos ambientales y sociales que generan. Para dar cumplimiento a estos desafíos se considera indispensable proveer de lineamientos sobre los incentivos para la regulación de los Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAMs), incluyendo el cierre de faenas mineras. Este informe presenta un análisis detallado de como Bolivia (Estado Plurinacional de), Chile, Colombia y Perú enfrentan su propia realidad en relación a la situación de los PAMs, con la finalidad última de responder a una actualización y compilación de la información ya existente,y de identificar de los desafíos y recomendaciones que estos países se plantean en el camino hacia la mejor gestión de la minería en su territorio. |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col039:40475&r=hme |
| By: | Gabor Bekes (Institute of Economics - Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and CEPR); Cecilia Hornok (Kiel Institute for the World Economy); Balázs Muraközy (Institute of Economics - Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | We use a unique cross-section survey of manufacturing firms from four European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain) linked with balance sheet data to study the relationship between key aspects of globalization and firm-level markups. The main results are: (i) Exporting is positively correlated with markups; (ii) Importing intermediate inputs and outsourcing are also positively correlated with markups; (iii) Firms with affiliates have higher markups than other firms, while simply membership in a group or being foreign-owned seem to be less important; (iv) Perceived competition from low-cost markets is negatively correlated with markups; (v) Higher quality production and innovation, especially if it results in IP, has a strong positive relationship with markups; (vi) While these variables are correlated, they are significant in a joint model including all four groups, and `fully globalized' firms tend to charge around 100% higher markups than non-globalized firms. |
| Keywords: | markups, exporting, importing, FDI, innovation |
| JEL: | D22 D24 F14 L11 L60 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:1618&r=hme |
| By: | Stefanović, Ana; Saavedra Alvayay, Manuela |
| Abstract: | Elaborado a partir de un diagnóstico del sector minero en Chile, este documento presenta una serie de recomendaciones de políticas públicas que tienden a aumentar la participación de las mujeres en dicho sector de la industria nacional, y su retención en el mismo, elaboradas a través de un proceso de diálogo intersectorial público-privado que tuvo lugar durante 2015. |
| Keywords: | MUJERES, INDUSTRIA MINERA, EMPLEO DE LA MUJER, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, POLITICA SOCIAL, INCORPORACION DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GENERO, WOMEN, MINING INDUSTRY, WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT, GENDER EQUALITY, SOCIAL POLICY, GENDER MAINSTREAMING |
| Date: | 2016–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:40405&r=hme |
| By: | Srinivasan, Sinduja V.; Rodríguez, Adrián G. |
| Abstract: | Se analizan tendencias recientes en los temas de género, juventud y desigualdad en el medio rural en 12 países de América Latina y el Caribe, a partir de una clasificación de hogares que busca identificar patrones de empleo, utilizando encuestas de hogares. Entre los principales resultados destacan la importancia de las políticas para promover la diversificación de la economía rural, a efecto de ampliar la creación de empleo, sobre todo para las mujeres y la población joven más capacitada; la necesidad de políticas para fomentar la adquisición de habilidades, que permitan aprovechar las nuevas oportunidades de empleo derivadas de los cambios estructurales en el medio rural; y la existencia de sistemas de protección social adecuados, sobre todo para facilitar el relevo generacional en la agricultura familiar. |
| Keywords: | POBREZA, ZONAS RURALES, HOGARES, CONDICIONES ECONOMICAS, EMPLEO, INCORPORACION DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GENERO, MUJERES, JUVENTUD, POLITICA SOCIAL, POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, HOUSEHOLDS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, EMPLOYMENT, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, WOMEN, YOUTH, SOCIAL POLICY |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col026:40456&r=hme |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | O mundo vive uma mudança de época. A comunidade internacional, respondendo aos desequilíbrios econômicos, distributivos e ambientais do estilo de desenvolvimento dominante, aprovou recentemente a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e seus 17 Objetivos. Este documento, que a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (CEPAL) apresenta aos Estados membros no trigésimo sexto período de sessões, complementa analiticamente essa Agenda com base na perspectiva estruturalista do desenvolvimento e sob o ponto de vista dos países da América Latina e do Caribe. Suas propostas se concentram na necessidade de impulsionar uma mudança estrutural progressiva que aumente a incorporação de conhecimento na produção, garanta a inclusão social e combata os efeitos negativos da mudança climática. As reflexões e propostas para avançar rumo a um novo estilo de desenvolvimento mantêm seu foco no impulso à igualdade e à sustentabilidade ambiental. A criação de bens públicos globais e de seus correlatos no âmbito regional e de políticas nacionais é o núcleo a partir do qual se expande a visão estruturalista para um keynesianismo global e uma estratégia de desenvolvimento concentrada num grande impulso ambiental. |
| Keywords: | OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, CONDICIONES ECONOMICAS, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, MEDIO AMBIENTE, CRISIS ECONOMICA, PRODUCTIVIDAD, POBREZA, DISTRIBUCION DEL INGRESO, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, DESARROLLO SOCIAL, IGUALDAD, MODELOS DE DESARROLLO, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC CRISIS, PRODUCTIVITY, POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, GENDER EQUALITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, EQUALITY, DEVELOPMENT MODELS |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:c39025:40161&r=hme |
| By: | Thisse, Jacques-François; Ushchev, Philip |
| Abstract: | We provide a selective survey of what has been accomplished under the heading of monopolistic competition in industrial organization and other economic fields. Among other things, we argue that monopolistic competition is a market structure in its own right, which encompasses a much broader set-up than the celebrated constant elasticity of substitution (CES) model. Although oligopolistic and monopolistic competition compete for adherents within the economics profession, we show that this dichotomy is, to a large extend, unwarranted. |
| Keywords: | monopolistic competition; oligopoly; product differentiation; the negligibility hypothesis |
| JEL: | D43 L11 L13 |
| Date: | 2016–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11449&r=hme |