|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2015‒10‒04
25 papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Gustavo Chagas Goudard; Fabio Henrique Bittes Terra |
| Abstract: | Por um lado, é possível, a partir de Keynes e dos pós-keynesianos, inferir que existem duas naturezas para a incerteza: a que diz respeito ao processo pelo qual o sujeito conhece (epistemológica) e a que se refere ao comportamento da realidade que se quer conhecer (ontológica), sendo que nos processos de tomada de decisão, ambas incertezas estão presentes. Por outro lado, para a abordagem neoinstitucionalista, o hábito como substrato das instituições possui repercussão tanto em nível do indivíduo quanto em âmbito do todo. Assim sendo, não seriam os hábitos e as instituições hábeis a reduzir a incerteza? O objetivo deste trabalho é responder a esta questão, articulando as teorias keynesiana e neoinstitucionalista no que toca ao modo pelo qual, nesta, os hábitos e as instituições podem contribuir para que se tenha, com base naquela, a diminuição das incertezas epistemológica e ontológica. |
| Keywords: | Keynesian Theory, Neoinstitutionalist Theory, Uncertainty, Habit, Institution |
| JEL: | B2 B5 E12 |
| Date: | 2015–09–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2015wpecon23&r=all |
| By: | Andy Pike; Andrew Cumbers; Stuart Dawley; Danny MacKinnon; Robert McMaster |
| Abstract: | Evolutionary approaches in economic geography face questions about the relationships between their concepts, theories, methods, politics and policy implications. Amidst the growing but unsettled consensus that evolutionary approaches should employ plural methodologies, the aims here are, first, to identify some of the difficult issues confronting those working with different frameworks. The concerns comprise: specifying and connecting research objects, subjects and levels; handling agency and context; engaging and integrating the quantitative and the qualitative; comparing cases; and, considering politics, policy and praxis. Second, the purpose is to articulate a distinctive geographical political economy approach, methods and illustrative examples in addressing these issues. Bringing different views of evolution in economic geography into dialogue and disagreement renders methodological pluralism a means towards improved understanding and explanation rather than an end in itself. Confronting such thorny matters needs to be embedded in our research practices and supported by greater openness, more and better substantiation of our conceptual, theoretical and empirical claims, enhanced critical reflection, and deeper engagement with politics, policy and praxis. |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1532&r=all |
| By: | Jeremy Tantely Ranjatoelina (IAE Lille - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Lille - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies, LEM - Lille - Economie et Management - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies - Fédération Universitaire et Polytechnique de Lille - CNRS); Adam Dewitte (IAE Lille - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Lille - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies, LEM - Lille - Economie et Management - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies - Fédération Universitaire et Polytechnique de Lille - CNRS); Bilal Bourkha (IAE Lille - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Lille - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies, LEM - Lille - Economie et Management - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et technologies - Fédération Universitaire et Polytechnique de Lille - CNRS) |
| Abstract: | The limitations of Yunus’ work on social business models are a starting point of our research. After setting out his approach as unusable to analyze all social organizations, we empirically study the different forms of integration social enterprises (WISEs) in France. We then try to identify what are the distinguish features of the business model of the integration social enterprises? Our research shows that specific wasted human resources mobilization, through the organization of five integration’s capabilities and three explicit social-intended value propositions shape the business model of WISEs. Based on the results, we suggest the concept of inclusive business model. We also contribute to a better understanding of the business model of social organizations. Finally this research highlights the central importance of strategic intent in business model formulation and invites scholars to conduct future studies on this topic. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche-intervention s’inscrit théoriquement dans le prolongement des travaux de M. Yunus sur le business model des entreprises sociales. Elle revient sur les limites du social business, puis identifie et étudie empiriquement les formes d’entreprises sociales inclusives en France. Notre intervention au sein de structures d’insertion par l’activité économique (SIAE), d’entreprises adaptées (EA) et d’établissements et services d’aide par le travail (ESAT) du Nord-Pas-de-Calais nous amène à traiter dans cet article, la question de recherche suivante : Quelles sont les caractéristiques du business model des entreprises sociales inclusives ? Nos résultats caractérisent le business model des entreprises sociales inclusives par : la mobilisation volontaire de ressources humaines délaissées par les entreprises ; l’organisation délibérée de cette inclusion par des processus et des compétences spécifiques ; et la formulation de propositions de valeur économiques à intention(s) sociale(s) explicite(s). En discussion, dans un premier temps nous proposons le concept de business model inclusif, et revenons sur le business model des entreprises sociales. Enfin dans un second temps, cette recherche suggère la centralité de l’intention stratégique dans la configuration du business model, et l’intérêt d’approfondir l’investigation de ce lien. |
| Keywords: | inclusive business model,integration,WISEs,social business,wasted human resources,strategic intent,business model, entreprises sociales inclusives, social business, recherche-intervention, intention stratégique |
| Date: | 2015–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01202635&r=all |
| By: | Dr. Thomas Drosdowski (GWS - Institute of Economic Structures Research); Britta Stöver (GWS - Institute of Economic Structures Research); Dr. Marc Ingo Wolter (GWS - Institute of Economic Structures Research) |
| Abstract: | Private households constitute one of the main economic sectors. The underlying house-hold structure determines income and consumption aggregates. For example, changes in the population composition induced by demographic change or shifts in the income structure through redistributional policy measures affect the level and the structure of the purchased goods and services. Socio-economic information should hence be consid-ered when modelling private consumption demand. This contribution aims to integrate more advanced socio-economic structures in a macroeconomic model environment. The socio-economic consumption module includes detailed information on consumption purposes and income components from the German Household Budget Survey. The module interacts with the macro-econometric input-output model INFORGE through a feedback mechanism. A consistent link between micro-based survey data and macroeco-nomic information based on the System of National Accounts is possible. Thus, macroeco-nomic effects of social characteristics are taken into account. |
| Keywords: | socio-economic modelling, household types by size and social status, household consumption, income structure |
| JEL: | C8 E2 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gws:dpaper:15-15&r=all |
| By: | Makino, Momoe |
| Abstract: | Dowry is a common custom observed in South Asian countries. It has been a target of an opposition movement because it is assumed to be a root cause of women's mistreatment, for example, in the form of sex-selective abortion, girls' malnutrition, female infanticide, and domestic homicide called "dowry murder." Despite its alleged evil consequences and the legal ban or restrictions on it, the custom has been extended, and recently, the dowry amount seems to be increasing. However, there is little empirical evidence of dowry's effects. This study empirically investigates the effects of dowry on women's status in rural Pakistan. We conducted a unique survey in rural Punjab, Pakistan, to explore the marriage practices there and to answer the research question. Results show that a higher dowry amount enhances women’s status in the marital household. This implies that an outright ban on dowries does not necessarily improve women's welfare at this time. |
| Keywords: | Pakistan, Women, Marriage, Social customs, Rural societies, Dowry, Intrahousehold decision making |
| JEL: | J12 J16 N35 Z13 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jet:dpaper:dpaper534&r=all |
| By: | Costanza, Robert; Howarth, Richard B.; Kubiszewski, Ida; Liu, Shuang; Ma, Chunbo; Plumecocq, Gaël; Stern, David I. |
| Abstract: | We revisit the analysis of Costanza et al. (2004, Ecological Economics) of influential publications in ecological economics to discover what has changed a decade on. We examine which sources have been influential on the field of ecological economics in the past decade, which articles in the journal Ecological Economics have had the most influence on the field and on the rest of science, and on which areas of science the journal is having the most influence. We find that the field has matured over this period, with articles published in the journal having a greater influence than before, an increase in citation links to environmental studies journals and a reduction in citation links to mainstream economics journals, and possibly a shift in themes to a more applied and empirical direction. |
| Keywords: | Bibliometrics, ecological economics |
| JEL: | A12 A14 Q57 |
| Date: | 2015–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66933&r=all |
| By: | Edita Abella Tan (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | The paper examined the methodology used for measuring the country’s poverty line and poverty rate. It finds that the poverty line was not based on the cost of meeting an acceptable or minimum standard of living or of meeting basic needs by which to classify families as poor as is customarily done in other countries. The measure uses a simple construct referred to as subsistence poverty line to establish the overall poverty line. The subsistence poverty line is estimated to be the cost of food consumption of low-income families that meets their nutritional requirements. Thirty per cent of the subsistence poverty line is added to it to account for all non-food needs. The allotted budget for non-food needs is too low and not sufficient to meet the cost of all non-food basic needs. Consequently, the poverty line as measured does not meet all basic needs including food and underestimates the country’s poverty rate. The underestimation of the poverty rate is seen in the higher rate of deprivation in particular basic needs such as housing, food consumption and education than the official poverty line. The paper concludes by recommending that the government gives high priority to slum clearance and housing program as a strategy for social and economic development. Housing for the poor has not been a priority of the government. So far only about 1% of the national budget goes to housing. At this time, the government has the resources to launch a massive housing program to eradicate the slums in five to ten years time. The paper cites existing and potential sources to finance a massive housing program. It cites the very successful housing program of Singapore and how it contributed to its sustained high rate of economic development. |
| Keywords: | Measurement and analysis of poverty |
| JEL: | I32 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:201509&r=all |
| By: | Fadinger, Harald; Ghiglino, Christian; Teteryatnikova, Mariya |
| Abstract: | We consider a multi-sector general equilibrium model with IO linkages, sector-specific productivities and tax rates. Using tools from network theory, we investigate how the IO structure interacts with productivities and taxes in the determination of aggregate income. We show that aggregate income is a simple function of the first and second moments of the distribution of the IO multipliers, sectoral productivities and sectoral tax rates. We then estimate the parameters of the model to fit their joint empirical distribution. Poor countries have more extreme distributions of IO multipliers than rich economies: there are a few high-multiplier sectors, while most sectors have very low multipliers; by contrast, rich countries have more sectors with intermediate multipliers. Moreover, the correlations of these with productivities and tax rates are positive in poor countries, while being negative in rich ones. The estimated model predicts cross-country income differences extremely well, also out-of-sample. Finally, we perform a number of counterfactuals and compute optimal tax rates. |
| Keywords: | input-output structure , networks , productivity , cross-country income differences |
| JEL: | O11 O14 O47 C67 D85 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnh:wpaper:39627&r=all |
| By: | Rose, Julia; Wilke, Christina Benita |
| Abstract: | The vulnerability index presented in this paper is a tool to measure the vulnerability of different city areas related to flooding. The index is applied to the boroughs of the City of Hamburg. The city faces three different kinds of flood risks: storm surges, inland flooding and heavy rainfall. The presented index provides a basis for decision making about where to support or initiate appropriate adaptation measures. It is based on data from official statistics. Thus, it can easily be transferred to other regions and additional information can easily be added. |
| Keywords: | storm surges,inland flooding,heavy rain,social vulnerability,economic vulnerability |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwwirp:167&r=all |
| By: | Sanyal,Paromita; Rao,Vijayendra; Prabhakar,Umang |
| Abstract: | In democracies, innovative political institutions have opened up scope for direct public participation often in the form of talk: citizens talking to the state and mutual talk among citizens on matters concerning community development. A prominent example is the Indian gram sabha, or village assembly, which occurs in a highly stratified context. This paper undertakes a talk-centered analysis of the gram sabha with a focus on examining the oral participation of women in general and women affiliated with microcredit self-help groups who have access to an associational life. The qualitative analysis of 255 gram sabha transcripts from four South Indian states finds that women associated with microcredit self-help groups employ a wider variety of narrative styles and utilize a more multilayered structure to convey their messages compared with all women taken together. Thus, the difference is not so much in the numerical instances of talking or in the types of issues raised, but rather in the quality of participation. The paper makes an important theoretical contribution by proposing the concept of oral democracy as an alternative to deliberative democracy, and urges an analytical focus on the oral or oratory competency of subordinated groups as they participate in these important institutions. |
| Keywords: | Parliamentary Government,Access to Finance,National Governance,Governance Indicators,Primary Education |
| Date: | 2015–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7416&r=all |
| By: | Francesca Lotti (Bank of Italy (Italy)); Giovanni Marin (IRCrES-CNR, Milano (Italy); SEEDS, Ferrara, Italy) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the productivity effects of eco-innovations at the firm level using a modified version of the CDM model (Crepon et al., 1998). The peculiar nature of environmental innovations, especially as regards the need of government intervention to create market opportunities, is likely to affect the way they are pursued and their effect on productivity. |
| Keywords: | R&D, innovation, productivity, patents, eco-patents. |
| JEL: | L60 Q55 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1715&r=all |
| By: | Ledenyov, Dimitri O.; Ledenyov, Viktor O. |
| Abstract: | The research article presents the highly innovative theoretical research results: 1) the new quantum microeconomics theory in the quantum econophysics science is formulated; the idea on the existence of the discrete-time induced quantum transitions of firm’s earnings (the firm’s value) in the quantum microeconomics theory in the quantum econophysics science is proposed; 2) the formulas (1, 2) to compute the firm’s discrete-time EBITDA (the firm’s value) changes at the different time moments in the quantum microeconomics theory in the quantum econophysics science is derived; 3) the formulas (3, 4) to calculate the distribution of a number of the firms’ excited business processes of certain value at the selected firm’s state in the economy of scale and scope in terms of the quantum microeconomics theory in the quantum econophysics science is presented; 4) the notion on the wave function in the quantum microeconomics theories in the quantum econophysics science is introduced; 5) the formulas (5, 6) to predict the firm’s discrete-time EBITDA (the firm’s value) state changes in the national/global economies at the certain time moment, using the wave functions in the quantum econophysical time-dependent/time independent wave equations in the quantum microeconomic theory in the quantum econophysics science, are derived; 6) the evolutionary shifts from the classic economic theories to the quantum economic theories, from the analogue economic signal processing to the digital economic signal processing, from the continuous-time signal filtering economic prediction techniques to the wave functions computing economic prediction techniques in application to the quantum econophysics science are described; 7) the perspectives of application of the quantum microeconomics theory in the quantum econophysics science with the aim to solve the various economic problems in the real- and speculative- sectors of economic markets are discussed. |
| Keywords: | theory of firm, quantum theory of firm, firm’s performance state prediction problem at the certain time moment, wave function in quantum econophysical wave equation in quantum microeconomics theory in quantum econophysics science, wave function in Schrödinger quantum mechanical wave equation in quantum mechanics science, quantum econophysics, econometrics, nonlinear dynamic economic system, economy of scale and scope, quantum microeconomics. |
| JEL: | C0 C02 C5 C53 C58 C6 C63 C69 D0 D00 D01 D04 D2 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D29 D80 |
| Date: | 2015–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:66983&r=all |
| By: | P.K. Keizer |
| Abstract: | Human motivation offers energy, and circumstances offer possibilities. Only in combination does human motivation and circumstance yield action. Over time, desires and opportunities to satisfy them closely interact with one another. Orthodox economics analyzes economic motivation in interaction with scarce natural resources. It assumes that perfect rationality and non-sociality create a so-called economic world and analyzes the economic mechanism of allocation of scarce resources. Neoclassical economists use this world as a theoretical foundation for their empirical research. Heterodox economics rejects this strategy of isolating one motivation, a strategy that ignores the psychic and the social problem. However, the heterodox idea of human motivation, being variable and endogenous, is badly analyzed. This leads the author to construct a psychic and a social world that is completely comparable with the agent-structure model of the economic world. The three isolated worlds are integrated by analyzing the interactions between the three worlds. In the integrated world, the economic structure, the psychic structure and the social structure are one another’s foundations. This human world gives familiar economic concepts such as utility, efficiency, rationality, price, value, cost and benefit a different meaning. Similarly, psychic concepts such as Self, willpower and personality and social concepts such as status, power, culture and morality are given different meanings. To make the model more realistic, it should be made dynamic and historical and be placed in the context of the world as an open system. |
| Keywords: | orthodox economics, neoclassical economics, rationality, morality, multidisciplinary economics, us versus them, cognitive closure |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:use:tkiwps:1506&r=all |
| By: | Jose-Miguel Albala-Bertrand (Queen Mary University of London) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to learn about some patterns of sectoral and industrial structural change of the Chinese economy over the 1995-2010 period. To such a purpose, we set up a quantitative methodology via input-output modelling, which allows us to decompose gross output into some key demand sources or contributions. It can be shown that the trajectory of the main structural patterns over the period were both not smooth and pretty unbalanced and that they generally responded to both domestic policy and international shocks. Export demand and heavy industry appeared to be the main engines of the economy, which showed massive increases in their share of output, at the expense of domestic demand, services and agriculture. Despite the high growth rates over this period, the Chinese economy seemed to be in need of rebalancing. There is however some indication towards the end of our period that the economy was starting to go that way. |
| Keywords: | China, Industrial structural change, Input-output decomposition, Trajectories over 1995-2010 |
| JEL: | L16 O4 B4 E2 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:wp754&r=all |
| By: | Arnaud Dragicevic (Chaire Forêts pour Demain, AgroParisTech-Office National des Forêts); Ahmed Barkaoui (Laboratoire d'Economie Forestière, INRA - AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | We model a closed-loop network of agents distributed among subnetworks and study the conditions that satisfy the time-dependent stability of network connectedness in presence of random perturbations. We show that the evolutionary stability of the network structure depends on the prevalence of perturbations on between-subnetwork coupling. Our findings permit to unveil the conservation value of the topological structure, as well as to situate the Price theorem, both in its standard and expanded forms, in the context of network evolutionary variational identity. Whenever the dynamics deals with interconnected structures, the network-based framework is more suitable to address the questions that revolve around the stability of input-output systems. |
| Keywords: | bioeconomics, forest planning, mean-variance model, mixed-species forests, climate Change |
| JEL: | C61 C65 C67 L23 Q57 |
| Date: | 2015–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lef:wpaper:2015-11&r=all |
| By: | Francesco Bogliacino; Dario Guarascio; Valeria Cirillo |
| Abstract: | The evidence on growing inequality in OECD countries has raised an important debate over its main drivers, pointing out an increasing importance of the capital-labour conflict. In this contribution, we aim at disentangling the role of some of the forces shaping this process. Our identification strategy relies on the sequential nature of wage setting and profits realization, in line with theoretical insights from the range theory of wages (postulating rents sharing at the shop floor level) and the principle of effective demand. In particular we focus on the role of technology and offshoring as instruments to create surplus and to shape the bargaining power of the parties involved in wage setting, and on different sources of demand as heterogeneous determinants of profits realization. The empirical analysis is performed on a panel of 38 manufacturing and service sectors over four time periods from 1995 to 2010, covering Germany, France, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom. The contrasting effects of R&D and offshoring emerge as determinants of wages. Investment and internal demands are key variables in the realization of profits. When we look at the heterogeneity of the effects we see three main stylized facts. First of all, distinguishing for technological domain using Pavitt classes we can see that rents are effectively related with upgraded industries. Secondly, when we distinguish for the degree of openness we can see that, again, rents are mainly shared in open industries. Finally, when we disentangle the effect on wages per skill level, it is possible to confirm the intuition that offshoring hits the medium-low skill categories. |
| Keywords: | rent; surplus; distribution; inequality; offshoring; R&D |
| Date: | 2015–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2015/25&r=all |
| By: | Balázs Murakozy (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences); Katheryn Niles Russ (University of California, Davis and NBER) |
| Abstract: | Do multinational firms wield more market power than their domestic counterparts? Using Hungarian firm-level data between 1993 and 2007, we find that markups are 19 percent higher for foreign-owned firms than for domestically owned firms. Moreover, markups for domestically owned firms are significantly lower in industries where multinationals have a greater technological edge, suggesting that Ricardian differences in technology and endogenous markups constitute important dimensions for models of foreign direct investment. We innovate within a canonical Ricardian model of endogenous markups and heterogeneous firms to provide analytical distributions of market shares and markups when goods are imperfect substitutes to provide structure for our empirical analysis. Our model explains about half of the multinational markup premium identified in the empirical analysis. |
| Keywords: | multinational firm; heterogeneous firms; Bertrand competition |
| JEL: | F12 F13 F15 F23 |
| Date: | 2015–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:1534&r=all |
| By: | Ariel BenYishay, Pauline Grosjean, Joseph Vecci Author-1-Name-First: Ariel Author-1-Name-Last: BenYishay Author-2-Name-First: Pauline Author-2-Name-Last: Grosjean Author-3-Name-First: Joseph Author-3-Name-Last: Vecci Corresponding Author-Email: p.grosjean@unsw.edu.au Author-1-Workplace-Name: College of William and Mary Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Economics, UNSW Author-3-Workplace-Name: Monash University |
| Abstract: | Reef density predicts the prevalence of matriliny in a sample of 186 societies across the world and in a sample of 59 small-scale horticultural fishing communities in the Solomon Islands. We show that this result holds even controlling for common descent by relying on variation within ethno-linguistic groups in our Melanesian micro-sample, where matriliny is ancestral. Reef density explains as much as 20% of the variation in inheritance rule across villages in the Solomon Islands. We thereby establish that reef density and, indirectly, reliance on fishing, is a robust predictor of the persistence of matrilineal inheritance. Explanations based on the sexual division of labor and on inclusive fitness arguments support our results. We also document some of the demographic consequences of matrilineal inheritance, including smaller household and village population siz. |
| Keywords: | Matrilineal inheritance, marine resources |
| JEL: | O13 O56 Z13 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:swe:wpaper:2015-21&r=all |
| By: | Natalia Faraoni (Istituto Regionale per la Programmazione Economica della Toscana) |
| Abstract: | Gender represents the social construct of biological sex. On the one hand, it allows individuals to recognize each other, but on the other hand it affects and limits choices and behaviours, generating a number of inequalities, predominantly to the disadvantage of women. From this viewpoint, gender becomes of fundamental importance for the understanding of society as a whole, and particularly its main social and economic institutions, like the family, school, the market and so on, whose organization can be read through the analysis of men-women division of labour. |
| Keywords: | Gender, Labor market |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irp:report:538&r=all |
| By: | Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Junior; Ricardo Luis Lopes, Joaquim José Martins Guilhoto |
| Abstract: | O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as causas das variações nas importações brasileiras no período 1990-2009. Utilizando decomposição estrutural aplicadas as matrizes insumo-produto nacionais disponibilizadas pelo Núcleo de Estudos Regionais e Urbanos da Universidade de São Paulo – NEREUS. Os resultados mostraram que dois fatores – (a) intensidade da utilização de produtos importados na produção nacional, isto é a relação importação/produção total; e (b) as mudanças tecnológicas - contribuíram negativamente para a evolução das importações na economia brasileira em alguns períodos. No entanto o aumento do volume da demanda final mais que compensou esses efeitos, fazendo com que as importações aumentassem em todos os anos do período analisado. Pode-se concluir que, apesar das mudanças tecnológicas e do uso de componentes importados na produção nacional atuarem no sentido de reduzir as importações, os produtos importados tiveram papel essencial no aumento do volume de produção para atender a demanda final. |
| Keywords: | Imports, Input-output, Structural decomposition |
| JEL: | F14 C67 D57 |
| Date: | 2015–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2015wpecon26&r=all |
| By: | Carlo Vercellone (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS) |
| Abstract: | La place grandissante de la connaissance et de la dimension cognitive du travail est l’un des traits marquants du nouveau capitalisme. Toutefois, le rôle clé que la connaissance joue dans la dynamique économique, n’est pas en tant que tel une nouveauté historique. Les questions qui se posent et qui ont constitué le point de départ du programme de recherche sur le capitalisme cognitif peuvent alors être formulées en ces termes : quels sont les outils les plus adaptés pour appréhender le rôle nouveau de la connaissance dans l’accumulation du capital ? Et surtout, quelles sont les relations qu’elle entretient avec les métamorphoses du travail et de la régulation du rapport salarial ? Pour contribuer à répondre à ces questions, on partira de certains fondements marxiens pour l’élaboration d’une économie historique de la connaissance qui met l’accent sur les enjeux de savoir et de pouvoir se nouant autour de l’organisation de la production. Puis, nous caractérisons à l’aide de quelques faits stylisés le rôle joué par la connaissance dans la mutation actuelle du rapport capital/travail en soulignant les contradictions opposant la logique du capitalisme cognitif et les conditions de reproduction d’une société de la connaissance. |
| Keywords: | capitalisme cognitif, rapport capital/travail, Marx ,division cognitive du travail,économie de la connaissance |
| Date: | 2015–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-01197415&r=all |
| By: | Fernando Rugitsky |
| Abstract: | This paper offers an interpretation of the Great Recession based on Foley’s circuit of capital model. It is maintained that the contractionary effects of financialization were compensated by the housing bubble, from the mid-1990s to the early 2006. The busting of the bubble, then, was followed by the crisis. The model is calibrated with reference to quarterly data from the Flow of Funds Accounts, from 1960 to 1995. The interaction of financialization and the housing bubble, from 1996 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2009, is examined by simulating a baseline version of the model and imposing the observed shocks |
| Keywords: | circuit of capital; stock-flow consistent models; financialization; housing buble; Great Recession |
| JEL: | B51 E11 N12 |
| Date: | 2015–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2015wpecon24&r=all |
| By: | Feil, Jan-Henning; Anastassiadis, Friederike; Mußhoff, Oliver; Kasten, Philipp |
| Abstract: | [Introduction ...] The rest of the paper is structured as follows: In section 2, the hypotheses with regard to farmers’ preferences for CAs that shall be tested by means of the DCE are derived from the literature. The design of the questionnaire, which includes the DCE, as well as the descriptive data are described in the subsequent section. Afterwards, the theoretical background of the analysis methods is explained in section 5. Finally, the results of the DCE are presented in section 6. The paper ends with some conclusive remarks (section 7). |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:daredp:1510&r=all |
| By: | Ian Gough |
| Abstract: | This short article, based on a presentation at the London School of Economics, criticizes the common opinion that “green growth” offers a relatively painless – some even say pain-free – transition path for capitalist economies. After a brief summary of the daunting arithmetic entailed in combining fast decarbonization with continuing growth, the article advances 3 propositions. First, market-based carbon mitigation programs, such as carbon trading, cannot be sufficient and must be coupled with other policy pillars that foster transformative investment and widespread regulation. Second, a political economy of climate policy needs to draw on the lessons of comparative social policy research, which emphasizes the role of international pressures, interests, institutions, and ideas. Taking these into account gives a more realistic perspective on climate policy making in today’s neoliberal world. Third, more radical policies on both consumption and production are called for, to ensure that carbon mitigation is not pursued at the expense of equity and social welfare. These include policies to restrain high-carbon luxury consumption and a transition toward shorter paid working time. The conclusion is that a realistic program of green growth will be immensely difficult and entail radical political change. |
| Keywords: | climate change; green growth; social policy; political economy |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:63781&r=all |
| By: | Rogozhnikova Varvara (Department of Economics, Lomonosov Moscow State University) |
| Abstract: | The article deals with the thesis, that the modern neoclassical model of «homo economicus» corresponds to the real human type, acting in all the spheres of Western and Russian social life today. In support to this hypothesis author comes up with two arguments: social-anthropological and ideological. The first one touches on the transformation in the mode of life of an individual and the whole societies of Western Europe and USA. As the result of this transformation it became possible to speak about the supremacy of the “capitalistic spirit” in the West to the middle of XIX century. The second argument addresses to the ideological basis of such a transformation, and present some evidences of the existence of the «homo economicus» in the Russian social-cultural area. |
| Keywords: | homo economicus, neoclassical economic theory, philosophy of economics, methodology of economics, neoliberalism. |
| JEL: | B40 B41 B5 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upa:wpaper:0023&r=all |