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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2015‒08‒07
twelve papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Pedro Cezar Dutra Fonseca |
| Abstract: | Este trabalho tem por objetivo delimitar o conceito de desenvolvimentismo desde a realidade histórica latino-americana. Observa-se que o emprego do termo desenvolvimentismo qualifica distintos fenômenos, do passado e do presente, sem que haja um esforço na literatura em delimitá-lo. Deste modo, a polissemia do conceito se converte ambiguidade quanto ao espectro denotativo por ele coberto. Entende-se que o conceito corresponde a um fenômeno tanto da realidade histórica das políticas econômicas, quanto da ideia no discurso político. Tomando o referencial metodológico sobre conceitos clássicos de Giovanni Sartori, busca-se delimitar o conjunto de atributos que categorizam o conceito de desenvolvimentismo a partir da sua evolução no pensamento econômico e da experiência histórica da América Latina This paper aims to formulate a concept of developmentalism from the Latin American historical reality. It’s observed that the term qualifies manifold phenomena, in the past and in the present, without efforts on its delimitation. Thus, the concepts polysemy becomes ambiguity about its denotative spectrum. The concept is perceived as corresponding both to a range of historical phenomena of economic policy and to ideological phenomenon on political discourse. Acknowledging Giovanni Sartori’s methodological framework on classical concepts, the work intends to delimitate a core set of categorizing attributes of developmeantalism based on the evolution of the economic thought about the term and the historical experience of Latin America. |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipe:ipetds:2103&r=hme |
| By: | David Card; Ana Rute Cardoso; Patrick Kline |
| Abstract: | There is growing evidence that firm-specific pay premiums are an important source of wage inequality. These premiums will contribute to the gender wage gap if women are less likely to work at high-paying firms or if women negotiate (or are offered) worse wage bargains with their employers than men. Using longitudinal data on the hourly wages of Portuguese workers matched with income statement information for firms, we show that the wages of both men and women contain firm-specific premiums that are strongly correlated with simple measures of the potential bargaining surplus at each firm. We then show how the impact of these firm-specific pay differentials on the gender wage gap can be decomposed into a combination of sorting and bargaining effects. We find that women are less likely to work at firms that pay higher premiums to either gender, with sorting effects being most important for low- and middle-skilled workers. We also find that women receive only 90% of the firm-specific pay premiums earned by men. Importantly, we find the same gender gap in the responses of wages to changes in potential surplus over time. Taken together, the combination of sorting and bargaining effects explain about one-fifth of the cross-sectional gender wage gap in Portugal. |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J71 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:21403&r=hme |
| By: | Makovi, Michael |
| Abstract: | In the Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality, Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1754) sketches a hypothetical illegitimate social contract to explain the origin of socioeconomic inequality. Rousseau himself notes that his illegitimate social contract is not intended to be historically accurate. But this casts doubt on the methodological validity of his argument. According to Ronald Coase's (1981) criticism of Milton Friedman (1953) statements on the methodology of positive economics, theoretical models, to be valid, must possess a certain degree of realism which Rousseau's does not. This same criticism applies to Carole Pateman's adaptation of Rousseau in her Sexual Contract (1988). |
| Keywords: | Rousseau, Coase, Pateman, Sexual Contract, methodology, inequality |
| JEL: | B31 B41 I3 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65790&r=hme |
| By: | Bianco, Antonio |
| Abstract: | New regulation of EU cohesion policy prescribes ex ante impact eval- uations. These imply a vision of the working of a process of economic change. A theory of change based on the concept of equilibrium (which is a situation in which by definition change is not liable to occur) being paradoxical, the present article aims at presenting bases and basics of Amendola’s out-of-equilibrium approach in a perspective that is instru- mental in the above-referred concrete policy issue. Accordingly, after reviewing the essentials of John Hicks’ concern with the construction of an out-of-equilibrium approach, the key concepts at play in Amendola and Gaffard’s out-of-equilibrium model are summarized and, after considering the resulting perspective on policy making, and touching on EU o�cial framework for institutional accounts, the sequence of ac- counts implicit in the out-of-equilibrium model is eventually derived. |
| Keywords: | Ex Ante Impact Evaluation, Change, Uncertainty, Sunk Costs, Liquidity Risk, Coordination, Sequence of Accounts. |
| JEL: | B52 C80 E61 O20 |
| Date: | 2015–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65850&r=hme |
| By: | Maldonado, Jorge Higinio; Moreno-Sánchez, Rocío del Pilar |
| Keywords: | Valoración de servicios ecosistémicos, valoración participativa, disponibilidad a pagar, disponibilidad a aceptar, áreas marinas protegidas, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q20, Q22, Q25, Q26, Q51, Q57, |
| Date: | 2013–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ulaedd:161368&r=hme |
| By: | Contreras, Sandra; Zereyesus, Yacob |
| Abstract: | evaluation of the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) For the past three years, Feed the Future Initiative has invested many resources in the creation and implementation of the Women’s Empowerment in Agricultural Index (WEAI), in hopes to have an economic effective policy tool. This index is claimed to be a holistic tool to measure Women’s Empowerment in the developing countries using a multidimensional approach, where the measurement of time allocation is the innovative component of the index. Although the WEAI has been used in many developing countries to create policies to transform the agricultural sector to an inclusive and equitable one, there have been few attempts to formally evaluate the performance of the index using an economic approach. There are two primary aims of this paper: First is to assess the association between the indicators of the WEAI and the latent variable Women’s Empowerment using data from Ghana and Bangladesh using the Using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling approach. The second is to provide insights of how to correct the overestimation/underestimations of the dimensions that are included in the calculation of the WEAI. |
| Keywords: | Women's Empowerment in Agricultural Index, Mimic model, Ghana, Bangladesh, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015–05–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205442&r=hme |
| By: | Han, Yicheol; Goetz, Stephan J. |
| Abstract: | Agriculture has for the most part successfully met the food and material needs of people and industries. Generally, industries develop in rapid bursts that follow from economic innovations, instead of developing at a gradual and continuous pace. The development of agriculture is also closely linked to technological innovations and conditions elsewhere in the economy. However, few if any previous studies have examined how agriculture has reorganized in terms of industry input-output relationships. In this poster, We examine when and how agriculture has undergone changes within the US, through a comparative analysis of agricultural activities as reflected in input output tables over time. |
| Keywords: | Input-output accounts, Agriculture, Reorganization, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205537&r=hme |
| By: | Javier Lopez Gonzalez (OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate - Development Division, Paris); Valentina Meliciani (Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Teramo, Campus Coste S. Agostino, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100, Teramo, Italy); Maria Savona (Science Policy Research Unit (SPRU), University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | The scholarship on Global Value Chains (GVCs) is recently focusing on the international fragmentation of production that involves services and in particular business services. It has been argued that participation in business services GVCs might open up new opportunities for structural change and catching up in developing countries. What are the theoretical and empirical bases for such a claim? This paper puts forward the conjecture that factor endowments and costs are not the only driver for the emergence of service GVCs and that the specific domestic structure of backward linkages à la Hirschman is of great importance. We empirically test this conjecture on the basis of the World Input Output Data in a GMM framework. We then attempt brief implications in terms of industrial policy for developing countries, particularly on the importance of developing domestic specialisation in business services before joining GVCs as a catching-up strategy. |
| Keywords: | Business services; Global Value Chains; Hirschman linkages; development |
| JEL: | L16 L80 O14 |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2015-20&r=hme |
| By: | Harris, J. Michael; Williams, Robert P.; Mishra, Ashok K. |
| Abstract: | The role of gender in agriculture has gained considerable attention among policymakers and researchers. According to the 2013 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) women served as the principal operator on almost 11 percent of U.S. farms and as a second or third operator on more than 40 percent of farms. Given the importance of women operators in productive agriculture the objective of this report will be to assess the impact of gender on net farm income, total farm output, farming efficiency, production costs, and total household income in the United States. We apply the average treatment approach (ATE) to analyze the impact of operator gender on the income and performance of U.S. farms. |
| Keywords: | impact of gender, net farm income, total farm output, farming efficiency, production costs, total household income, Average treatment effect (ATE), Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205780&r=hme |
| By: | Chowdhury, Mohammad Ashraful Ferdous; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | Islamic finance and Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) have been two of the most rapidly growing areas of finance over the last two decades. During this period, they have each grown at rates that far exceed that of the financial markets as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to take a comparative approach in comparing and contrasting the performance of both types of restricted investment portfolios by using ARDL bounds testing approach. The paper provides an innovative view to two different markets and suggests that there are commonalities which need to be exploited for the benefit of both markets. The study assesses the extent of correlation between social responsible investment funds and Sharia compliant investment funds in different economic situations to determine if the nature of relationship between funds changes in between the non-crisis period and the 2007 crisis period for four markets such as Dow Jones Islamic World, Dow Jones Islamic Europe; Dow Jones Sustainability World and Dow Jones Sustainability Europe. By estimating the short and long term dynamics between the socially responsible investment indexes and Islamic indexes, and the extent of cointegration between these two funds, the findings tend to indicate that the SRI and Islamic funds have significantly different behavior in both the short run and long run. Despite the differences in the screening criteria and portfolio management of both types of funds, this study suggests that the potential diversification benefits between Sharia compliant funds and the SRI funds are possible both in the crisis period and non-crisis period. |
| Keywords: | Sharia-compliant, socially responsible investments, diversification, ARDL |
| JEL: | C22 C58 P5 |
| Date: | 2015–06–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:65828&r=hme |
| By: | Ouedraogo, Aissatou |
| Abstract: | One of the features of the production system in many countries of West Africa is the coexistence of both collectively-managed and individually-managed ‘private’ plots within the same. Within these households, economic activities are influenced by socio-cultural norms, which impact agricultural input decisions. This paper uses a two-year panel data on Mali to investigate intrahousehold allocation of productive resources across collective plots and ‘private’ plots. A major contribution of this paper is the clear distinction it makes between collective plots and the head’s ‘private’ plots, which is vital in understanding whether the observed yield and input differentials across collective plots and ‘private’ plots are due to headship or to the attributes of the collective plots. We find that significantly higher yields are achieved on collective plots relative to ‘private’ plots and this yield differential persists after restricting the sample to heads that control the collective plots and their own private plots. The estimations of the intensity of labor use show that collective plots are more intensively farmed with male-labor and child labor whereas the opposite is observed for femalelabor. However, after isolating the gender effect by excluding female-controlled plots from the sample, we find that collective plots are more intensively farmed than male-controlled ‘private’ plots regardless of the labor source. We infer from these results the importance of taking the gender component into account when studying intrahousehold farm-labor allocation. Unlike previous similar studies that only focus on labor allocation, we also investigate chemical fertilizer application. We find that the probability of fertilizer application tends to be higher on ‘private’ plots while the intensity of its use is higher for collective plots. These contrasting findings highlight the importance to investigate not only the probability of the use of a given technology but also the intensity of its application, especially for inputs such as fertilizer that requires a certain amount in order to obtain a yield response. |
| Keywords: | Social norms, intrahousehold resource allocation, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea15:205772&r=hme |
| By: | Mukhamedova, Nozilakhon; Wegerich, Kai |
| Abstract: | This report analyzes the influence of agrarian transformations on the feminization of agricultural production in rural Tajikistan. It explores women’s multiple labor relations for meeting basic needs of the household. The evidence shows that households have to depend on more types of agricultural work to secure day-to-day as well as long-term livelihood security. Overall, feminization appears in different types and groupings. The implication is that women in agriculture might not be adequately targeted in policies or integrated within intervention programs. |
| Keywords: | Land reform Feminization Gender Women Female labor Employment Agriculture sector Farms Households Poverty Income Water user associations Case studies, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:201007&r=hme |