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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
| By: | Fratini, Saverio M. |
| Abstract: | The classical economists usually regarded rent in their analyses as a share of the gross product obtained from the use of land or a mine, which was indeed the way in which rent was treated in bargaining between landowner and tenant. The paper revives this view of rent, proceeding from its historical basis through Smith’s analysis to arrive at Sraffa’s equations, and also examines the case of the introduction of a tax conceived as a tithe, to which Sraffa referred very briefly |
| Keywords: | Rent, Classical theory of distribution, Smith, Sraffa |
| JEL: | B12 B51 D33 Q15 |
| Date: | 2013–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:50717&r=hme |
| By: | Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR56 - CNRS : UMR8568 - École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales [EHESS] - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | Nous étudions l'impact sur l'emploi en France de la mise en œuvre du scénario de transition énergétique construit par l'Association négaWatt (2011), qui prévoit un développement massif des économies d'énergie (par le biais de mesures de sobriété et d'efficacité énergétiques) et des énergies renouvelables entre 2012 et 2050. Par rapport à 2010, ce scénario aboutit à une division par deux des émissions de CO2 d'origine énergétique en France en 2030 et à une division par 16 en 2050, sans capture-stockage du CO2, sans mise en œuvre de nouvelle centrale nucléaire et en fermant les centrales existantes au bout de 40 ans d'exploitation au maximum. Nous calculons l'effet sur l'emploi de la mise en œuvre de ce scénario en comparaison avec un scénario tendanciel qui prolonge les évolutions récentes et prend en compte les politiques déjà décidées. La méthode retenue pour calculer l'effet sur l'emploi de chaque scénario consiste à calculer le coût des principales options techniques et organisationnelles retenues, à ventiler ces coûts entre les 118 branches de l'économie française et à multiplier ces coûts par le contenu en emploi de chaque branche. Ce dernier élément est estimé par une analyse input-output, ce qui permet de comptabiliser les emplois générés par la production de l'ensemble des consommations intermédiaires. L'un des deux scénarios étant plus coûteux que l'autre, il faut prendre en compte l'effet négatif sur l'emploi du financement de ce surcoût. Pour cela, on fait l'hypothèse que ce surcoût est supporté par les ménages et que ces derniers diminuent en conséquence leur consommation du même montant et de manière homothétique. Ainsi, on évite de biaiser les résultats en faveur du scénario le plus coûteux. La mise en œuvre du scénario négaWatt aboutit à un effet positif sur l'emploi, de l'ordre de +240 000 emplois équivalent temps-plein en 2020 et 630 000 en 2030. Nous étudions la sensibilité des résultats aux hypothèses sur les prix de l'énergie importée, l'évolution de la productivité du travail, la répartition du coût entre ménages et administrations publiques, et enfin l'arbitrage consommation-épargne. L'effet sur l'emploi reste largement positif dans tous les cas. |
| Keywords: | emploi ; politique climatique ; transition énergétique ; input-output ; tableau entrées-sorties |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-00866447&r=hme |
| By: | Cansu Akpinar-Sposito (Centre de Recherche Magellan - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III : EA3713) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This study is particularly focused on the glass ceiling issues and the main career obstacles for female executives based on the findings of a cross-country comparative study between Turkey and France. Prior to collecting the required data, a review was carried out in both countries, the current available and attitudinal studies related to the concept of the 'glass ceiling'. A comparative descriptive analysis was conducted to show differences in career barriers for women between countries. The field study of this project generated 20 semi-structured interviews with 12 main questions concerning their career background and the glass ceiling syndrome with staff from 12 international companies in both France and Turkey. Interviews lasted approximately for one hour and were conducted in French, Turkish and English. After successively analyzing all the transcripts of the interviews, three ideological approaches have been identified from the field study. The three main topics that were mentioned by the women interviewed in both countries were personal Compromises, Career Encouragers, and Corporate Culture. These findings indicated that there were several similar approaches to helping the career advancement of women in both countries and also different approaches which are unique to each country involved in the study. |
| Keywords: | Career barriers, glass ceiling, women in management, Turkey, France. |
| Date: | 2013–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00834098&r=hme |
| By: | Valerija Botric (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | Information on the key sectors of an economy can have important policy implications. This paper identifies key sectors in Croatia based on the recently published input-output table for year 2004. Comparison of different methodological approaches used in the paper suggests that identified key sectors are most likely relevant only for the analyzed period (construction activity). Additionally, service sectors were often identified as important, and not export-oriented sectors. |
| Keywords: | input-output analysis, Croatia |
| JEL: | C67 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iez:wpaper:1302&r=hme |
| By: | Brian Bell; John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | The pay of financial sector workers ("bankers") is a focus of public concern especially since the onset of the financial crisis. We document the remarkable rise in the share of aggregate pay going to those at the very top of the distribution over the last decade in the UK and highlight the role of the financial sector. Rising bonuses paid to bankers accounted for around two-thirds of the increase in the national wage bill ("earnings pie") taken by the top one percent of workers since 1999. Surprisingly, even after the crisis bankers took at least as large a share of the earnings pie in 2011 as they did at the peak of the boom in 2007 and saw no worsening in their employment outcomes relative to other similar workers. Having described the scale of bankers' pay, we discuss the policy responses that have been proposed to address the issue such as transparency, numerical bonus targets, bonus clawbacks and taxation. |
| Keywords: | wage inequality, financial services, bonuses |
| Date: | 2013–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepops:35&r=hme |
| By: | Anastasia Cozarenco (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics), CNRS & EHESS); Ariane Szafarz (Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), SBS-EM, Centre Emile Bernheim, and Centre for European Research in Microfinance (CERMi)) |
| Abstract: | This paper compares the loans granted to male and female entrepreneurs by a French microfinance institution (MFI). The sample period is split in two: before and after the MFI implemented the French EUR 10,000 regulatory loan-size ceiling. In the first period, the MFI does not co-finance projects with mainstream banks and loan size is gender-insensitive. In the second period, the MFI does co-finance above-ceiling projects with mainstream banks, and we observe a gender gap in loan size. The results suggest that co-financing leads the originally gender-neutral MFI to import disparate treatment from mainstream banks. |
| Keywords: | microcredit, loan-size ceiling regulation, commercial bank loan, gender discrimination, glass ceiling, France |
| JEL: | G21 J16 M13 L51 G28 O52 I38 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1350&r=hme |
| By: | Toufic M. El Masri (Leuphana University Lueneburg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | How can small and medium-sized German postal providers ensure nationwide geographical coverage without the aid of the former monopolist? A closer look at the industry revealed that postal providers in Germany engage in different types of cooperation in order to expand their geographical coverage independently from the market leader. In order to shed light on the effects of cooperation, I conducted a theoretical analysis using a spatial economic model complemented by a brief game-theoretical discussion. Moreover, I provide the first descriptive and case study evidence from unique data collected in 2010 and 2011, within the framework of a German postal market survey. I found that small postal providers cooperate with each other in order to extend their geographical service area and to succeed in the market. Furthermore, I also found – in both the theoretical analysis as well as in the evidence – that there is a negative counter-effect stemming from this cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Cooperation, Competition, Germany, Network Industries, Postal Sector |
| JEL: | D24 L22 L51 L97 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lue:wpaper:286&r=hme |
| By: | Brian Bell; John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | We provide new evidence on the growth in pay at the very top of the wage distribution in the UK. Sectoral decompositions show that workers in the financial sector have accounted for the majority of the gains at the top over the last decade. New results are also presented on the pay of CEOs in the UK. We show how improved measurement of pay points to a stronger pay-performance link than previously estimated. This link is stronger, and more symmetric, for those firms in which institutional investors play a larger role. |
| Keywords: | wage inequality, firm performance, CEO compensation, performance pay, management |
| Date: | 2013–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepops:34&r=hme |