|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
| By: | Nicolò Bellanca (DISEI, Università degli studi di Firenze) |
| Abstract: | On an ideal-typical basis, an enterprise is social when it supplies, under a restricting commitment of governance, commons-related services and merit goods and uses the majority of possible profits in a non-privatistic manner. This definition is debated by discussing the features of economic goods, the frame of molds in which social enterprise explicates, its connection with social finance, as well as its possibilities of ramification within the economic system. |
| Keywords: | Commons; Merit good; Social Enterprise; Social Finance; Social Economy |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2013_06.rdf&r=hme |
| By: | Cevikarslan, Salih (UNU-MERIT, and SBE, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | The aims of this paper are twofold. The first is to analyse the interaction between research and development (R&D) activities of firms and heterogeneous consumer preferences in structuring the evolution of an industry. The second is to explore the heterogeneity in firms' innovation strategies. Is heterogeneity sustainable in the long-term and what happens to the market shares of firms having different innovation strategies when a structural market characteristic (market size) or a behavioural rule (R&D intensity) is changed? To answer these research questions, an evolutionary, multi-agent based, sector-level innovation model is designed. The model addresses supply and demand sides of the market simultaneously with the co-evolution of heterogeneous consumer preferences, heterogeneous firm knowledge bases, and technology levels at the micro level. |
| Keywords: | Heterogeneity, innovation strategies, evolutionary economics, agent-based modelling |
| JEL: | B52 L11 O33 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2013019&r=hme |
| By: | Doss, Cheryl |
| Abstract: | To support gender analysis in agriculture, household surveys should be better designed to capture gender-specific control and ownership of agricultural resources such as male-owned, female-owned, and jointly owned assets. This paper offers guidelines on how to improve data collection efforts to ensure that women farmers are interviewed and that their voices are heard. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Gender; Women; Surveys; Household behavior; Household survey; methodologies;, |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1261&r=hme |
| By: | Kotsemir, Maxim; Meissner, Dirk |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the evolving understanding and conceptualization of innovation process models. From the discussion of different approaches towards the innovation process understanding and modeling two types of approaches to the evolution of innovation models are developed and discussed. First the so-called innovation management approach which focuses on the evolution of the company innovation management strategies in different socioeconomic environments. Second is the analysis the evolution of innovation models themselves in conceptual sense (conceptual approach) as well as analysis of theoretical backgrounds and requirements for these models. The main focus of analysis in this approach is on advantages and disadvantages of different innovation models in their ability to describe the reality of innovation processes. The paper focuses on the advantages and disadvantages as well as potentials and limitations of the approaches and also proposes potential future developments of innovation models as well as the analysis of driving forces that underlie the evolution of innovation models recently. |
| Keywords: | innovation models; innovation process; generations of innovation models; process dimension of innovation; innovation models evolution; innovation management |
| JEL: | O14 O30 O31 O32 O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2013–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:46504&r=hme |
| By: | Cevikarslan, Salih (UNU-MERIT, and SBE, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | The aims of this paper are twofold. The first is to analyse the interaction between research and development (R&D) activities of firms and heterogeneous consumer preferences in structuring the evolution of an industry. The second is to explore the effects of patent life and patent breadth on market outcomes. To answer these research questions, an evolutionary, multi-agent based, sector-level cumulative innovation model is designed. The model addresses supply and demand sides of the market simultaneously with the co-evolution of heterogeneous consumer preferences, heterogeneous firm knowledge bases and technology levels at the micro level. In line with the evolutionary modelling tradition, we have a search algorithm-innovation and imitation of products by firms - a selection of algorithm-revealed preferences of the consumers - and a population of objects in which variation is expressed and on which selection operates: namely, firms (Windrum, 2004). Firms compete on quality and price of their products in an oligopolistic market whereas consumers, constrained by their computational limits, act to maximize their utility with their product choices in a boundedly rational way. There is continuous firm entry and exit depending on the competitive performance of the firms. |
| Keywords: | Patents, industrial dynamics, evolutionary economics, agent-based modelling |
| JEL: | B52 L11 O34 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2013020&r=hme |
| By: | Häberle, Robin; Grove, Nico |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to evaluate the importance of cloud services for Integrated Service Providers and how collaborative product development could strengthen their position within the Cloud Industry. The global cloud market is growing rapidly and gaining daily more momentum. The German Bitkom estimates B2B cloud revenues to exceed 10 bn Euro in Germany by 2016, five times its revenue in 2011. Telecommunication Services - home market to Integrated Service Providers (ISPs) - on the contrary are mostly past their booming years. Even so ISPs are playing a crucial part in the cloud - basically connecting production and consumption - they are typically not mentioned amongst the main Cloud providers. This is puzzling as an integrated network is able to deliver significant unique value in areas such as SLA management, locality, security and inter-cloud connectivity. -- |
| Keywords: | Integrated Service Provider,Network Operator,Cloud Services,Product Development,Cloud Value Chain |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsb12:72517&r=hme |
| By: | Philipp Ager (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) |
| Abstract: | Wealthy elites may end up retarding economic development for their own interests. This paper examines how the historical planter elite of the Southern US affected economic development at the county level between 1840 and 1960. To capture the planter elite’s potential to exercise de facto power, I construct a new dataset on the personal wealth of the richest Southern planters before the American Civil War. I find that counties with a relatively wealthier planter elite before the Civil War performed significantly worse in the post-war decades and even after World War II. I argue that this is the likely consequence of the planter elite’s lack of support for mass schooling. My results suggest that when during Reconstruction the US government abolished slavery and enfranchised the freedmen, the planter elite used their de facto power to maintain their influence over the political system and preserve a plantation economy based on low-skilled labor. In fact, I find that the planter elite was better able to sustain land prices and the production of plantation crops during Reconstruction in counties where they had more de facto power. |
| Keywords: | Long-Run Economic Development, Wealth Inequality, Elites and Development, de Facto and de Jure Power, US South |
| Date: | 2013–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0038&r=hme |
| By: | Charlotte Schlump (Philipps-Universität Marburg); Thomas Brenner (Philipps-Universität Marburg) |
| Abstract: | Cooperation in innovation processes has become crucial for the competitiveness of many firms. This paper focuses on technology-oriented East German firms and analyses details of their cooperation behaviour by studying the relationships between geographic and social proximity, the importance and frequency of cooperative interaction and the attributes of innovation cooperation partners that influence the importance of cooperation. Data is collected in two questionnaires and analysed by regressions. It is found, among other results, that cooperation that is established via personal contacts is, on average, more helpful and important for firms but involves less frequent interaction. |
| Keywords: | cooperation, firm, East Germany, policy |
| JEL: | D20 I28 O32 R11 |
| Date: | 2013–04–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2013-06&r=hme |
| By: | Guillaume PASTUREAU |
| Abstract: | Le Mont-de-Piété est à l’origine du microcrédit social. Il s’oppose au dogme économique de l’Eglise, qui refuse et combat le commerce de l’argent. En prêtant à intérêt des petites sommes aux populations pauvres, le Mont-de-Piété participe à un double phénomène. Il met au centre des préoccupations le rôle social de l’argent ; il introduit une forme d’aide financière considérée comme plus efficace que la charité. La modernisation économique et sociale des sociétés européennes entre en contradiction avec les structures traditionnelles et pré-capitalistes. Notre objectif est de montrer dans quelle mesure le Mont-de-Piété est véritablement une innovation sociale majeure. |
| Keywords: | microcrédit social, argent secours, économie et religion, innovation sociale. |
| JEL: | A13 B15 N00 N93 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2013-14&r=hme |
| By: | Demirguc-Kunt, Asli; Klapper, Leora; Singer, Dorothe |
| Abstract: | This paper documents and analyzes gender differences in the use of financial services using individual-level data from 98 developing countries. The data, drawn from the Global Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database, highlight the existence of significant gender gaps in ownership of accounts and usage of savings and credit products. Even after controlling for a host of individual characteristics including income, education, employment status, rural residency and age, gender remains significantly related to usage of financial services. This study also finds that legal discrimination against women and gender norms may explain some of the cross-country variation in access to finance for women. The analysis finds that in countries where women face legal restrictions in their ability to work, head a household, choose where to live, and receive inheritance, women are less likely to own an account, relative to men, as well as to save and borrow. The results also confirm that manifestations of gender norms, such as the level of violence against women and the incidence of early marriage for women, contribute to explaining the variation in the use of financial services between men and women, after controlling for other individual and country characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Access to Finance,Gender and Law,Financial Literacy,Gender and Development,Population Policies |
| Date: | 2013–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:6416&r=hme |
| By: | Geoffrey Heal; Antony Millner |
| Abstract: | Uncertainty is intrinsic to climate change: we know that the climate is changing, but not precisely how fast or in what ways. Nor do we understand fully the social and economic consequences of these changes, or the options that will be available for reducing climate change. Furthermore the uncertainty about these issues is not readily quantified and expressed in probabilistic terms: we are facing deep uncertainty or ambiguity rather than risk in the classical sense, rendering the classical expected utility framework of limited value. We review the sources of uncertainty about all aspects of climate change and resolve these into various components, commenting on their relative importance. Then we review decision-making frameworks that are appropriate in the absence of quantitative probabilistic information, including non-probabilistic approaches and those based on multiple priors, and discuss their application in climate change economics. |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lsg:lsgwps:wp108&r=hme |