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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
| By: | Saïsset, L.A.; Couderc, J.P. |
| Abstract: | Cooperatives, which are an original organizational mode, face with important restructurings, particularly in the wine-making sector in Languedoc-Roussillon where the ways of governance are in full evolution. The object of our work is to analyze and to characterize this specific governance system, through the qualitative study of 25 interviews with managers of wine producing cooperatives of Languedoc-Roussillon. The main results show the originality of the governing bodies of the agricultural cooperatives, being characterized by complex inter-relations. Besides, through the textual analysis of the retranscriptions of theses interviews, we show that the cooperative governance contains three complementary dimensions, whose importance varies from a cooperative to another: disciplinary dimension, partnership dimension and cognitive one. ...French Abstract : Les coopératives, qui constituent un mode organisationnel original, subissent de profondes restructurations, notamment dans le secteur viticole en Languedoc-Roussillon, au sein duquel les types de gouvernance sont en pleine évolution. L’objet de notre travail est d’analyser et de caractériser ce système de gouvernance spécifique, à travers l’étude qualitative de 25 entretiens avec des dirigeants de coopératives vinicoles du Languedoc-Roussillon. Les principaux résultats montrent l’originalité des organes de gouvernance des coopératives agricoles, se caractérisant par des inter-relations complexes. En outre, à travers l’analyse textuelle des retranscriptions d’entretiens, nous montrons que la gouvernance coopérative comporte trois dimensions complémentaires dont l’importance est variable d’une coopérative à l’autre : dimension financière-disciplinaire, dimension partenariale et dimension cognitive. |
| Keywords: | WINE COOPERATIVES; GOVERNANCE; PERFORMANCE; CAVES COOPERATIVES; GOUVERNANCE; PERFORMANCE; LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON; FRANCE |
| JEL: | G34 P13 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umr:wpaper:201302&r=hme |
| By: | Canet, Emilie |
| Abstract: | Au sein de la littérature sur l’innovation, certains auteurs se sont intéressés à une forme particulière : l’innovation managériale. Nous nous centrons sur une période critique de la vie des innovations managériales entre invention et diffusion. Il s’agit de comprendre les processus en œuvre entre le moment où l’innovation est inventée au sein d’une organisation et celui où elle est considérée comme validée et établie dans un périmètre académique et professionnel plus large. En nous appuyant sur une étude de cas et une démarche d’observation participante, nous proposons une analyse exploratoire de cette période qui permet de mettre en évidence ses caractéristiques sur différents aspects : l’évolution de l’innovation tant dans son contenu que sur sa rhétorique, la dynamique d’évolution et le régime de conception. |
| Abstract: | Management innovation is a specific genre within the literature on innovation. We will focus on a critical phase on managerial innovations lifecycle, sprawling between invention and diffusion. We aim at understanding the processes at work between the moment an innovation is invented within an organization and the moment it is considered established and validated by numerous organizations. Relying on a case study and a participative observation approach, we will put forward an exploratory analysis of this phase allowing to highlight its characteristics in various lights: evolution of content and rhetoric, evolution dynamics and design system. |
| Keywords: | diffusion of innovations; discourse; design; establishment; management innovation; diffusion des innovations; discours; conception; consultants; établissement; innovation managériale; |
| JEL: | O33 O31 O32 |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ner:dauphi:urn:hdl:123456789/10879&r=hme |
| By: | Neumark, David (University of California, Irvine); Thompson, Matthew (Charles River Associates); Koyle, Leslie (Charles River Associates) |
| Abstract: | We provide updated evidence on the effects of living wage laws in U.S. cities, relative to the earlier research covering only the first six or seven years of existence of these laws. There are some challenges to updating the evidence, as the CPS data on which it relies changed geographic coding systems in the mid-2000s. The updated evidence is broadly consistent with the conclusions reached by prior research, including Holzer's (2008) review of that earlier evidence. Living wage laws reduce employment among the least-skilled workers they are intended to help. But they also increase wages for many of them. This implies that living wage laws generate both winners and losers among those affected by them. For broader living wage laws that cover recipients of business or financial assistance from cities, the net effects point to modest reductions in urban poverty. |
| Keywords: | living wage, wages, employment, poverty |
| JEL: | J23 J38 |
| Date: | 2012–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp7114&r=hme |
| By: | Allan Collard-Wexler; Jan De Loecker |
| Abstract: | We measure the impact of a drastic new technology for producing steel – the minimill – on the aggregate productivity of U.S. steel producers, using unique plant-level data between 1963 and 2002. We find that the sharp increase in the industry's productivity is linked to this new technology, and operates through two distinct mechanisms. First, minimills displaced the older technology, called vertically integrated production, and this reallocation of output was responsible for a third of the increase in the industry's productivity. Second, increased competition, due to the expansion of minimills, drove a substantial reallocation process within the group of vertically integrated producers, driving a resurgence in their productivity, and consequently of the industry's productivity as a whole. |
| JEL: | L1 O3 |
| Date: | 2013–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18739&r=hme |
| By: | Santiago Kopoboru (PhD Candidate. Department of Business Organization and Marketing, Universidad Pablo de Olavide) |
| Abstract: | Organizations may use a number of different strategies to survive, grow, and achieve success. One of the possible strategies is the use of social capital, in particular interlocks by boards of directors, as their benefits can range from political advantages to better access to information. Despite the increasingly importance of social networks, they have received little attention by scholars when analyzing Spanish corporate boards. This paper pretends to fulfill some of this gap by analyzing interlocks of the largest firms in the Spanish stock exchange in the years 2004 and 2009. The main contribution of this study will relate to a better understanding of the mechanisms used by corporate boards to increase the competitiveness of organizations which in turn changes the network previously created. The analysis will be twofold: First, we are concerned with particular features of the network, that is, its structure and its evolution to understand the development of the network. Second, we are concerned with the board and its composition which explain network’s structure. The results show the network large Spanish firms create had minor modifications after the five year period. Also, board size and board composition seem to be variables determinant of firm’s degree centrality in the network, being outsiders in the board those who provide post of the interlocks the firm has. Surprisingly, the Spanish network does not have banks as major players at its core anymore, which is contrary to resource dependence theory since links with banks are an important resource for both, the firm, which may have access to better loans; and the bank, which reduces its monitoring costs. |
| Keywords: | interlocks, corporate government, Spain, social capital |
| Date: | 2013–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pab:wpboam:13.01&r=hme |
| By: | Haucap, Justus; Heimeshoff, Ulrich |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the general characteristics of online markets from a competition theory perspective and the implications for competition policy. Three important Internet markets are analyzed in more detail: search engines, online auction platforms, and social networks. Given the high level of market concentration and the development of competition over time, we use our theoretical insights to examine whether leading Internet platforms have non-temporary market power. Based on this analysis we answer the question whether any specific market regulation beyond general competition law rules is warranted in these three online markets. -- |
| Keywords: | two-sided markets,online markets,digital economy,antitrust,e-commerce |
| JEL: | L12 L41 L81 L82 L86 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:83&r=hme |
| By: | Bataille, Marc; Steinmetz, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the effect of inter urban buses competing on a few routes against trains within an established railway network. In line with expectations, we show that this can lead to unprofitable train service on these routes. However, within an established railway network with every track being profitable, competition on just some tracks can result in a collapse of the entire network. External effects of individual routes on the railway network are fundamental for the profitability of the network. Hence, weakening these network effects might be crucial. As a result, efficient intermodal competition on some routes might cause the abandoning of other routes that are not facing any competition. This effect has to be taken into account by political actors when liberalization of inter urban bus travel is considered. -- |
| Keywords: | Transportation,intermodal competition,network effects |
| JEL: | K2 L1 L5 R4 |
| Date: | 2013 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:84&r=hme |
| By: | Claudia Rei (Department of Economics, Vanderbilt University) |
| Abstract: | In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, inter-continental trade brought with it a novel form of organizing business: the multinational firm. Headquartered in Europe and operating in Asia, the success of the East India Companies depended largely on the management of overseas outposts, as well as their labor force. Using a dataset of 115 workers hired in Europe to work in Asia, I present the internal structure of civil servants careers and wages in the Dutch East India Company in the eighteenth century. This early modern firm mimics well current theories of internal labor markets: there are stable career paths, fast tracks in promotions, and sizable returns to tenure. |
| Keywords: | merchant empires, careers, returns to tenure |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2012–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:van:wpaper:vuecon-12-00007&r=hme |
| By: | A. LO TURCO; D. MAGGIONI; M. PICCHIO |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between offshoring and job stability in Italy in the period 1995–2001 by using an administrative dataset on manufacturing workers. We find that the international fragmentation of production negatively affects job stability. Service offshoring and material purchases from developed countries foster job-to-job transitions within manufacturing of all workers and white collars, respectively. However, the most detrimental effects for job stability come from material offshoring to low income countries which drives blue collar workers out of manufacturing. Therefore, policy interventions should especially focus on this latter category of workers more exposed to fragmentation processes and foreign competition. |
| Keywords: | Offshoring, job stability, manufacturing, duration analysis, proportional hazard |
| JEL: | C41 F14 F16 J62 |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:12/817&r=hme |