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on Business, Economic and Financial History |
| By: | Alfonso Diez-Minguela (Universitat de València, Valencia (Spain)); Francisco J. Goerlich (Universitat de València & IVIE, Valencia (Spain)); Rafael González Val (Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (Spain)); Daniel A. Tirado-Fabregat (Universitat de València, Valencia (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | This study presents a novel methodology for constructing a historical population grid, ESGRID1887, that sheds light on the spatial distribution of Spain’s population in the late nineteenth century. The grid is compared, at a granular and temporally consistent scale, with population settlement patterns revealed by the most recent population grid produced by EUROSTAT (GEOSTAT2021). ESGRID1887 uses data from the Nomenclátor of Spain (1887) and cadastral records to distribute the population reported in the 1887 Spanish Census across 1 km² cells. Unlike analyses based on administrative units (municipalities), this fine-grained approach highlights the historical significance of dispersed settlement across large areas of the Atlantic, Cantabrian, and Mediterranean peripheries, as well as in several mountainous regions of the peninsula in 1887. Moreover, the comparison with GEOSTAT2021 reveals that although the populated area increased from 21.6% of the territory in 1887 to 26.4% in 2021, this modest expansion resulted from two opposing dynamics: sprawl and depopulation. One third of the cells occupied in 2021 were uninhabited in 1887, while one third of those inhabited in 1887 are now uninhabited. The new evidence presented in this article thus reveals an additional dimension of the long-term depopulation process affecting a substantial part of Spain—the emptying of the territory—which has not previously been examined from a historical perspective. |
| Keywords: | Digital Humanities, Historical Grids, Depopulation, Geography, Spain |
| JEL: | J11 N33 N01 R11 R23 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2505 |
| By: | Régis Barnichon; Aayush Singh |
| Abstract: | In this paper we exploit 150 years of tariff policy in the US and abroad to estimate the short-run effects of tariff shocks on macro aggregates. A careful review of the major changes in US tariff policy since 1870 shows no systematic relation between the state of the cycle and the direction of the tariff changes, as partisan differences on the effects and desirability of tariffs led to opposite policy responses to similar economic conditions. Exploiting this quasi-random nature of tariff variations, we find that a tariff hike raises unemployment (lowers economic activity) and lowers inflation. Using only tariff changes driven by long-run considerations—a traditional narrative identification—gives similar results. We also obtain similar results if we restrict the sample to the modern post World War II period or if we use independent variation from other countries (France and the UK). These findings point towards tariff shocks acting through an aggregate demand channel. |
| Keywords: | tariff; inflation; unemployment; narrative approach; political |
| JEL: | F41 F13 E31 N10 E52 |
| Date: | 2025–11–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedfwp:102099 |
| By: | Cristián Ducoing (Department of Economics, Public University of Navarre (Spain). Department of Economic History, Lund University (Sweden)) |
| Abstract: | The resource curse hypothesis (RCH) has become one of the main lines of research in development economics. Based on a potential negative correlation between economic growth and the abundance (dependence) of natural resources, the RCH has generated thousands of articles and books. Most of these works used the time span of the years between 1970 and the present. Economic history has taken the hypothesis seriously, and in recent years, several studies with a long-term perspective have tested contemporary findings with mixed results. An analysis using longer time intervals has allowed us to have a better perspective of the relations between the abundance and dependence of natural resources on economic development. This work approaches this non-lineal relation using the most relevant economic history research on the topic. Moreover, a research agenda is suggested to enhance the input that Economic History could give to policy makers. |
| Keywords: | Economic History, Quantitative Methods, Natural Resource Curse |
| JEL: | N50 O13 Q01 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2504 |
| By: | Learmouth, Tom |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to our understanding of how Japan became the only Asian country to achieve sustained catch-up industrialisation before WWII. It does so by analysing the absorption of useful foreign knowledge in a traditional Japanese textile town and its subsequent evolution into a modern rubber manufacturing cluster. The cluster analysed is Kurume in Fukuoka Prefecture which began the interwar period as a major producer of cotton tabi (split-toed footwear). The core argument is that Kurume firms Nihon Tabi and Tsuchiya Tabi built on their foundations as large sewing factories by ‘borrowing capacity’ from general trading companies. This enabled them to evolve into large-scale rubber-soled footwear manufacturers capable of absorbing high-level engineering knowledge necessary to compete with Dunlop and US tyremakers in Asian motor tyre markets. A rich body of new primary material ranging from the corporate archives of Mitsui Bussan and Mitsubishi Shōji to regional industrial surveys is analysed using a novel conceptual framework. This framework draws upon Klepper’s (2010) heritage theory which suggests that best-practice industry knowledge is diffused out of leading firms. Integrated into this approach is Abe & Nakamura’s (2010) suggestion that the ‘indigenous industrialization process’ in Japan identified by Tanimoto (2006) was not separate from, but interacted with, the diffusion of Western-style manufacturing. |
| JEL: | L62 L65 N15 N75 N85 N95 O14 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130283 |
| By: | Advani, Arun; Ash, Elliott; Boltachka, Anton; Cai, David; Rasul, Imran |
| Abstract: | Issues of racial justice and economic inequalities between racial and ethnic groups have risen to the top of public debate. Economists' ability to contribute to these debates is based on the body of race‐related research. We study the volume and content of race‐related research in economics. We base our analysis on a corpus of 225, 000 economics publications from 1960 to 2020, to which we apply an algorithmic approach to classify race‐related work. Since 1960, less than 2% of economics publications have been race‐related. On content, while over 50% of race‐related publications in the 1970s focused on Black individuals, by the 2010s this had fallen to 20%. There has been a steady decline in the share of race‐related research on discrimination since the 1980s, with a rise in the share of studies on identity. Finally, we apply our algorithm to NBER and CEPR working papers posted over the last four decades, to study an earlier stage of the research process. We document a concentration of race‐related research into a few fields, and its continued absence from many others. We discuss implications of our findings for economists' ability to contribute to debates on race and ethnicity in the economy. |
| JEL: | A11 B41 |
| Date: | 2025–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130250 |
| By: | Ya-Hsuan Wang (National Chung Cheng University) |
| Abstract: | Due to globalization driven by immigration and transnational marriages, a significant number of transcultural populations have emerged. Some minority groups struggle with the dark stigma associated with their contradictory heritage, much like the early indigenous peoples whose facial tattoos were once unappreciated. What should have been a source of cultural pride instead fostered a conflicted sense of stigma.This study adopts Merleau-Ponty?s (1962) concept of ?ambiguity? as a phenomenological approach to perception, focusing on the ambiguous historical circumstances of trans-cultural populations?a phenomenon I term "ambiguous heritage." Heritage, at its core, is a deeply personal matter. Each individual accumulates their own heritage through personal life experiences, which, within their lived space, serve as reference points for personal values and memories (Tunbridge & Ashworth, 1996). Personal heritage is closely tied to a sense of place, emotions, and symbolic attachments (Williams et al., 1992).In historical contexts free of conflict or controversy, cultural heritage is often perceived as static and eternal. For example, when visiting museums to see the artifacts and ruins of ancestors from thousands of years ago, one does not typically experience contradiction or distress, as these relics belong to a shared collective memory of "everyone." Since this collective memory is considered universal, no matter what kind of history our ancestors had, it does not strongly or intimately impact our personal identity.However, who exactly constitutes "everyone"? The collective memory of a society often refers to the shared history of the dominant group. When I am not a member of the mainstream group, my cultural heritage does not become part of this "shared" collective memory. This is the challenge faced by minority groups or immigrants in mainstream societies. The collective memory of minorities and new immigrants differs from that of the dominant group, raising the question of whether their historical and cultural heritage is acknowledged and accepted by the mainstream. This acceptance?or lack thereof?ultimately affects the relationship between cultural heritage and identity.This study explores narrative identity by collecting stories from Southeast Asian immigrants in Taiwan, capturing moments when they encountered dark chapters of history and identifying their ambiguous heritage. It also proposes ways to positively embrace and integrate ambiguous heritage in cross-cultural populations, breaking the stigma of historical darkness and fostering genuine intercultural awareness.Using narrative identity as a research method, this study reviews the life trajectories of trans-cultural individuals, revisiting feelings of displacement and historical trauma. Through the process of overcoming trauma and reconstructing identity, self-healing is achieved. By observing how trans-cultural populations reclaim their historical memories, this research investigates how they confront the ambiguity of their heritage. More importantly, it explores how, after confronting the dark past of their ambiguous heritage, they can transform it into a more empowering and constructive form of trans-cultural knowledge. |
| Keywords: | transcultural education, transcultural knowledge, narrative identity, immigrant research |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:15516742 |
| By: | Matthias Doepke (LSE); Hanno Foerster (Boston College); Anne Hannusch (University of Bonn); Michèle Tertilt (University of Mannheim) |
| Abstract: | During the first half of the twentieth century, many US states enacted laws re- stricting women’s labor market opportunities, including maximum hours restrictions, minimum wage laws, and night-shift bans. The era of so-called protective labor laws came to an end in the 1960s as a result of civil rights reforms. In this paper, we inves- tigate the political economy behind the rise and fall of these laws. We argue that the main driver behind protective labor laws was men’s desire to shield themselves from labor market competition. We spell out the mechanism through a politico-economic model in which singles and couples work in different sectors and vote on protective legislation. Restrictions are supported by single men and couples with male sole earners who compete with women for jobs. We show that the theory’s predictions for when protective legislation will be introduced are well supported by US state-level evidence. |
| Keywords: | labor laws, women, protection, political economy |
| JEL: | D13 D72 D78 E24 J12 J16 N30 O10 O43 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:1102 |
| By: | Goodhart, C. A. E.; Postel-Vinay, Natacha |
| Abstract: | The City of Glasgow Bank failure in 1878, which led to large numbers of shareholders becoming insolvent, generated great public concern about their plight, and led directly to the 1879 Companies Act, which paved the way for the adoption of limited liability for all shareholders. In this paper, we focus on the question of why the opportunity was not taken to distinguish between the appropriate liability for ‘insiders, ’ i.e. those with direct access to information and power over decisions, as contrasted with ‘outsiders.’ We record that such issues were raised and discussed at the time, and we report why proposals for any such tiered liability were turned down. We argue that the reasons for rejecting tiered liability for insiders were overstated, both then and subsequently. While we believe that the case for such tiered liability needs reconsideration, it does remain a complex matter, as discussed in Section 4. |
| Keywords: | corporate governance; limited liability; bank risk-taking; financial regulation; financial crises; senior management regime; banks; banking |
| JEL: | G21 G28 G30 G32 G39 N23 K22 K29 L20 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130243 |
| By: | Yameogo, Souleymane |
| Abstract: | This article re-examines Thomas Sankara’s revolution in Burkina Faso (1983–1987) to explain why postcolonial revolutions in Africa, though morally compelling, rarely generate enduring institutions. Using process-tracing of speeches, policy documents, and secondary sources, it analyses the mechanisms that transformed a project of emancipation into political isolation and collapse. The study identifies two interlocking dynamics – ideological ambiguity and confrontational state-building – that shaped both the rise and the demise of the Sankarist regime. It argues that revolutionary governments in Africa operate within structural constraints that reward moral purity but penalise institutional compromise. Comparison with Ghana under Rawlings and Uganda under Museveni shows that revolutions endure when moral authority is translated into hybrid institutions able to negotiate legitimacy across social and cultural cleavages. By conceptualising African revolutions as state-building experiments under constraint, the article bridges debates on revolutionary politics, postcolonial governance, and indigenous legitimacy, offering a new theoretical lens for understanding the fragility of moral authority in African state formation. |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:f6qrv_v1 |
| By: | Shinsuke Ohchi (Hiroshima University) |
| Abstract: | Cormac McCarthy?s Outer Dark (1968) serves as a powerful case study of how a literary work can possess profound cultural value even if it fails to achieve commercial success in its initial stages. The novel is a classic example of market failure; its artistic depth was largely overlooked by the literary marketplace at the time of publication. When writing the novel, McCarthy was living in extreme poverty and relied on minimal financial support to sustain his creative work. As a result, he was able to construct an experimental work with imaginative freedom, unbound by commercial expectations. The novel also explores economic marginality as one of its central themes. Set in the desolate Appalachian region after the Civil War, it portrays characters excluded from capitalist labor structures. These depictions bring to light broader issues such as economic exclusion and social alienation. Although Outer Dark received limited recognition upon its initial release, it eventually secured a place in the literary canon as McCarthy?s reputation grew over time. This trajectory demonstrates that the value of a literary work is not always recognized by the market in real time and underscores the vital role played by non-market mechanisms of evaluation, such as academic institutions and literary criticism. Furthermore, literature like Outer Dark generates positive cultural externalities?contributing to literary heritage, providing creative inspiration to subsequent writers, and enriching public discourse on morality and the human condition. However, such cultural benefits tend to be undervalued by the market, making it difficult to attract sufficient private investment. Thus, public and philanthropic support for literature is also justifiable from an economic standpoint. In short, Outer Dark exemplifies how a work situated on the economic margins can possess enduring cultural significance, highlighting the essential role of non-market forces in sustaining literary excellence. |
| Keywords: | Cormac McCarthyEconomic marginalityLiterary value |
| JEL: | Z00 Z11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:15616895 |
| By: | Stephanie Ettmeier; Alexander Kriwoluzky; Moritz Schularick; Lucas ter Steege |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies the macroeconomic consequences of the fiscal austerity program that preceded the Nazi power grab in Germany in 1933. Between 1930 and 1932, German Chancellor Heinrich Bruning enacted large expenditure cuts and tax increases against the backdrop of a depressed economy, global trade disintegration, and the rise of political extremism. We use a novel granular fiscal dataset to identify the macroeconomic effects of Bruning’s austerity policies. We find that the austerity shocks reduced German GDP by more than four percent and caused an increase in unemployment by almost two million, paving the way for extremist parties’ success. |
| Keywords: | Austerity, Germany, Great Depression, Fiscal Policy, Structural Vector Autoregression |
| JEL: | C32 E62 E65 N14 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cer:papers:wp801 |
| By: | Ralph Luetticke; Timothy Meyer; Gernot Müller; Moritz Schularick |
| Abstract: | Using historical income and wealth data, we show that war reduces inequality: the top-1% income share falls by 20% and the top-1% wealth share by 10%. We measure three key drivers of inequality - capital destruction, taxation, and inflation - in the data and quantify their role with a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model. Destruction depresses profits and thus top incomes. Taxation primarily influences wealth dynamics, while inflation has little effect on top shares, but reduces indebtedness among poorer households. We validate our findings using new data on inequality across German towns in World War 2 and cross-country data on profits. |
| Keywords: | interstate wars, inequality, income share, wealth share |
| JEL: | F40 F50 E50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12276 |
| By: | Guiot Isaac, Andres |
| Abstract: | Argument: Development planning was a form of interventionist social knowledge widely used in the mid-twentieth century. Planning was employed with different aims, and the adoption of concrete techniques and procedures was highly sensitive to each country’s institutional context. This article studies the life trajectory of Colombia’s Ten-year Plan, an internationally celebrated attempt to design economic development on a large scale in what actors characterized as a politically “democratic” and economically “liberal” setting. Based on the Colombian case, I argue that a central function of planning in developing countries was to build trust, on behalf of local stakeholders and international donors, in the state’s capacity to credibly use public resources and foreign aid to achieve its development aims. In turn, planning also allowed outsiders to invigilate the actions taken by states on the economy, and to make them accountable for their commitments. I examine the media of persuasion used in the build-up to, and the publicization and revision of the Ten-year Plan, to account for the shift from the macro scale of comprehensive plans to the smaller-scale development interventions observed in the 1960s. This case shows that the malleability of planning procedures was key for the enduring resilience of the planning system. |
| Keywords: | development planning; media of trust; Colombia; technical experts; planning manuals |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2025–11–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129343 |
| By: | Sengupta, Atanu; De, Sanjoy |
| Abstract: | This year’s Economics Nobel is provided for finding out the cause of innovation-destructive creation of new ideas. It is also highly individualistic. First, it neglects the welfare of those who lose the race and are destroyed. Can they assimilate this new knowledge and how? If not, then… Second, it neglects the very quality of creative destruction. In a capitalist society as Harrai (2014) argues innovation is always profit motivated. The discoverer of ORS, the simple thing that saved lives of million during dysentery is not recognized. Innovation of vaccine against malaria and dengue are still on a very primitive stage. Development of learning techniques that help first generation learners have taken a back seat to the hype in Artificial Intelligence. The idea of creative destruction is appropriate to understand the evolution of the new world through a serious of continuous innovation and creation of new techniques, replacing the old ones. However, still there remain some broader aspects which the so-called growth theorists miss out. Yuval Noah Harari tries to point out some of the areas uncharted by the growth theorists. But, the ultimate vision of growth, as provided in the Mahayana doctrine is to lift all in a great vehicle. |
| Keywords: | Creative Destruction, Growth, Economics Nobel, Industrial Revolution, Capital |
| JEL: | O47 |
| Date: | 2025–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126695 |
| By: | Domenico delli Gatti; Filippo Gusella; Giorgio Ricchiuti |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates Minsky's cycles by extending the paper of stockhammer et al. (2019) with a nonlinear model to capture possible local real-financial endogenous cycles. We trace nonlinear regime changes and check the presence of Minsky cycles from the 1970s to 2020 for the USA, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, and the UK, linking the GDP with corporate debt, interest rate, and household debt. When considering corporate debt, the results reveal real-financial endogenous cycles in all countries, except Australia, and across all countries when interest rates are included. We find evidence for an interaction mechanism between household debt and GDP only for the USA and the UK. These findings underscore the importance of nonlinear regime transitions in empirically assessing Minsky's theory. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.04348 |
| By: | Ferreira, Francisco H. G.; Brunori, Paolo; Neidhöfer, Guido; Salas-Rojo, Pedro; Sirugue, Louis |
| Abstract: | This chapter argues that relative measures of intergenerational mobility and inequality of opportunity are closely related ways of quantifying the inheritability of inequality. We review both literatures for Latin America, looking both at income and educational persistence. We document very high levels of intergenerational persistence and inequality of opportunity for education, with inherited characteristics predicting 29% to 52% of the current-generation variance in years of schooling. Inherited circumstances are somewhat less predictive of educational achievement, measured through standardized test scores, accounting for 20% to 30% of their variance. Our estimates of inequality of opportunity for income acquisition suggest that between 46% to 66% of contemporary income Gini coefficients can be predicted by a relatively narrow set of inherited circumstances, making Latin America a region of high inequality inheritability by international standards. Our review also finds a very wide range of intergenerational income elasticity estimates, with substantial uncertainty driven by data challenges and methodological differences. |
| Keywords: | inherited inequality; intergenerational mobility; inequality of opportunity; Latin America |
| JEL: | D31 I39 J62 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130163 |
| By: | Laurent Bironneau (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IGR-IAE Rennes - Institut de Gestion de Rennes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Rennes - UR - Université de Rennes) |
| Abstract: | Dans le cadre des 40 ans de la RFGI, ce papier s'appuie sur quatre articles de la revue pour retracer l'évolution des méthodes et outils de gestion de la production depuis le début de l'ère industrielle. Si l'article montre que chaque approche a émergé pour pallier les limites des précédentes, il insiste sur la complémentarité possible entre les différentes solutions proposées et appelle à adapter les méthodes aux contextes industriels spécifiques. Il souligne également l'enjeu d'intégrer les innovations de l'industrie 4.0 dans ces différentes approches. |
| Keywords: | Humanities, Political science, Philosophy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05353595 |
| By: | Todd Gardner |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between long-term population change and health outcomes in U.S. micropolitan areas, with a focus on life expectancy and mortality disparities. Using a county typology based on the historical population trajectories of micropolitan cores from 1940 to 2020, this analysis reveals that health outcomes are substantially worse in places that experienced sustained decline. These disparities persist even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, suggesting that population loss itself is a key driver of poor public health. Declining micropolitan areas are older, less educated, and report high rates of behavioral risk factors, including smoking, excessive drinking, and physical inactivity. By linking historical demographic trends to tract-level data, this analysis highlights the distinct challenges facing the urban cores of shrinking micropolitan areas. Population decline emerges not only as a demographic trend, but as a marker of structural disadvantage with measurable consequences for community health. |
| Keywords: | Micropolitan, life expectancy, health disparities, population decline, public health geography |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-70 |
| By: | Aoki, Kosuke; Auerbach, Alan; Horioka, Charles Yuji; Kashyap, Anil; Watanabe, Tsutomu; Weinstein, David |
| Abstract: | Takatoshi Ito, who passed away in September 2025, was a leading scholar of macroeconomics and international finance. This column, written by a group of friends and colleagues, outlines his many contributions in a lifetime of research, teaching and policy-making in Japan, the United States and around the world. His work is particularly notable for challenging the widespread perception that standard economic analysis is somehow ill- suited for understanding the Japanese economy. Indeed, using the discipline's rigorous tools, he illuminated challenges that Japan faced earlier and more acutely than other countries - including population decline and ageing, ballooning government debt, the zero lower bound and unconventional monetary policies, real estate bubbles and their collapse, and the banking sector's problem of non-performing loans. |
| Keywords: | Asian economies, exchange rate fluctuations, foreign exchange intervention, inflation targeting, international finance, , invoicing currency, Japanese economy, macroeconomics, monetary policy, Takatoshi Ito, zero interest rate policy |
| JEL: | E52 E58 F14 F31 G15 O53 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agi:wpaper:02000256 |
| By: | Antoine Missemer (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Antonin Pottier (EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | It is usually argued that the advent of neoclassical economics led to the consideration of only two factors of production (capital and labor) instead of three (capital, labor, and land). From the 1880s to the 1920s, land and natural resources would have been marginalized and left to applied fields such as land economics. This article revisits this episode. Theoretically, it shows that there was no requirement in marginal productivity theories to subsume land into capital. Historically, it demonstrates that alternatives did exist within U.S. neoclassicism to the neglect of land and natural resources, providing inspiration for today's research |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05317155 |
| By: | Mavisakalyan, Astghik; Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis; Tobden, Tobden |
| Abstract: | This study examines the influence of religious leaders on social attitudes by analysing Pope Francis' impact on beliefs about the justification of violence against women (VAW). Using a content analysis of his speeches, we document sustained engagement with topics related to women's rights. Exploiting variation in speech timing, religious affiliation, and proximity to the Vatican, we find that greater exposure to the Pope's statements is associated with lower acceptance of VAW. The effect appears to operate through heightened salience of religious values, reinforcing moral norms, and immediate increases in online search activity and media coverage of VAW-related topics. These findings highlight the power of religious authority figures to shape social attitudes and public discourse on gender-based violence. |
| Keywords: | Religion, Leaders, Pope Francis, Violence Against Women, Intimate Partner Violence |
| JEL: | D83 D91 I31 J10 J16 Z12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1691 |
| By: | Cristina Tello-Trillo; Lawrence Schmidt; Sean Streiff |
| Abstract: | This paper details the methodology for creating an updated Compustat-Longitudinal Business Database (LBD) bridge, facilitating linkage between company identifiers in Compustat and firm identifiers in the LBD. In addition to data from Compustat, we incorporate historical data on public companies from various public and private sources, including information on executive names. Our methodology involves a series of stages using fuzzy name and address matching, including EIN, telephone number, and industry code matching. Qualified researchers with approved proposals can access this bridge though the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers. The Compustat-SSL bridge serves as a crucial resource for longitudinal studies on U.S. businesses, corporate governance, and executive compensation. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-65 |
| By: | Moshe Hazan (Department of Economics, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East VIC 3145); Shay Tsur (Research Department, Bank of Israel, P.O. Box 780, Jerusalem 9100701) |
| Abstract: | We study how shifting intra-household control over resources affects fertility, exploiting a quasi-natural experiment in Israel where some Holocaust survivors began receiving substantial and unexpected reparations in 1957 and others decades later. Using a triple-difference design with heterogeneity by age, we compare fertility outcomes by timing of reparations, gender of the recipient, and age. Households where only the young female partner received reparations early had 0.25–0.4 fewer children than comparable households where only the male was treated. An event study shows that this effect is driven entirely by post-1957 fertility, suggesting a causal link to increased female resource control |
| Keywords: | Fertility Choice, Intrahouseho |
| JEL: | J13 J16 D13 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-16 |
| By: | Coccia, Mario |
| Abstract: | This study examines mortality dynamics across major macroeconomic regions—Western countries, non-Western regions, and China—from 1960 to 2023, exploring variability and underlying drivers. Descriptive analysis shows that non-Western regions experienced the highest death rates in 1960–1990, followed by a marked decline as GDP per capita increased. China exhibited a similar pattern. Conversely, Western countries achieved only modest mortality reductions after 1991 despite sustained economic growth, even when controlling for population aging (≥65 years). Regression models and partial correlations indicate that economic progress initially correlates with mortality decline in all regions. However, in Western countries, this relationship reverses after 1991, forming an inverted-U curve when mortality is modeled against GDP per capita and elderly share. This suggests diminishing health returns and potential adverse effects of advanced development—such as environmental degradation, lifestyle-related diseases, and occupational risks. Non-Western regions, with slower economic acceleration, show no comparable reversal. Findings imply that beyond a development threshold, further growth may paradoxically elevate mortality. Policy strategies should prioritize balanced, sustainable development and integrated “One Health” approaches to mitigate health risks associated with over-rapid economic expansion. |
| Date: | 2025–11–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:39pgf_v1 |
| By: | Oscar Claveria (AQR-IREA, University of Barcelona); Jordi Pons-Novell (University of Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | En el actual entorno de incertidumbre económica, las predicciones de los agentes adquieren especial relevancia. El presente estudio se centra en las predicciones de eventos fijos realizadas por un panel de agentes institucionales durante los últimos 25 años. Las instituciones elaboran previsiones para la economía española con horizontes decrecientes durante un período de dos años, realizando revisiones cada dos meses durante este proceso. A partir de las predicciones de crecimiento económico, inflación y desempleo, así como de sus revisiones posteriores, construimos un panel de datos con los errores de previsión y la magnitud de las revisiones, tanto en relación con su previsión previa como con la previsión de consenso, entendida como la media de las previsiones. Con esta información, combinamos dos tipos de análisis diferenciados. En primer lugar, estimamos un modelo de revisión de eventos fijos para diferentes horizontes de previsión con el objetivo de analizar el papel de los cambios en el consenso y la existencia de efecto imitación entre los analistas. Este marco metodológico nos permite contrastar tres hipótesis relativas al comportamiento predictivo de los analistas. En primer lugar, encontramos que la evidencia empírica no permite rechazar la hipótesis de ausencia de sesgo en el proceso de revisión. También observamos que los agentes se ven influenciados positivamente por cambios en la previsión de consenso, es decir que incorporan la nueva información disponible, y además lo hacen en la misma dirección que el resto de instituciones. Finalmente, en cuanto a la hipótesis de existencia de comportamiento gregario, no encontramos evidencia significativa de efecto imitación. En segundo lugar, con el objetivo de agrupar a los agentes en diferentes subgrupos con características similares en cuanto a su comportamiento predictivo, utilizamos varios tipos de técnicas multivariantes para posicionar las instituciones en base a una serie de métricas de precisión de pronóstico y de las revisiones que hacen de éstas. Este análisis nos permite observar cómo los agentes se pueden acabar dividiendo en tres grupos diferenciados: un colectivo mayoritario, una institución que tiende a generar pronósticos de inflación y desempleo más precisos que los de la mayoría de los analistas, y dos o tres instituciones posicionadas al margen |
| Keywords: | predicción; crecimiento económico; inflación; desempleo; precisión; efecto imitación JEL classification:C38; E23; E24; E27 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aqr:wpaper:202510 |
| By: | Sascha O. Becker (University of Warwick and Monash University); Jeanet Sinding Bentzen (University of Copenhagen); Chun Chee Kok (Université Catholique de Louvain) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a survey of the literature on gender differences in religiosity and the influence of religion on gender-related economic and social outcomes. Part I examines why women tend to be more religious than men, discussing central explanations. Part II explores how religion impacts various gender-related outcomes, such as gender norms and attitudes, education, labor market participation, fertility, health, legal institutions and reforms, and discrimination. Within each domain, we distinguish between effects driven by individual religiosity (intensity of religious practice or belief) and those driven by their religious denomination. We synthesize findings from numerous studies, highlighting data sources, measures of religion and gender outcomes, and empirical strategies. We focus on studies with credible causal identification—such as natural experiments, instrumental variable approaches, and policy changes—to uncover the impact of religion on outcomes. Correlational studies are also reviewed to provide context. Across studies, the evidence suggests that religious teachings and participation often reinforce traditional gender roles, affecting women’s education, labor force participation, and fertility choices, although there are important nuances and exceptions. We also document instances where secular reforms or religious movements have altered these outcomes. The survey concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggesting directions for future research. An important take-away from our review is that rigorous empirical studies are scarce, leaving room for novel causal studies in this field |
| Keywords: | Gender gap; Religion; Religiosity; Gender norms; Education; Fertility; Labor markets; Cultural transmission |
| JEL: | Z12 J16 J24 I21 J13 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-18 |
| By: | Tahani Ali Hakami (Department of Accounting and Finance, Jazan University) |
| Abstract: | This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of research trends in technology adoption in auditing over the period from 1995 to 2025. Technological advancements have fundamentally transformed auditing practices, and this research aims to map the evolution, focus areas, and key contributors to the field. Using a dataset of 50 highly relevant articles from the Web of Science, the study explores publication trends, co-authorship networks, geographic collaboration patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and citation analysis. Findings reveal a marked increase in publications post-2010, with a surge observed around 2020. Key emerging topics include artificial intelligence, blockchain, and cloud computing, which have become central to the discourse on audit innovations. The analysis also highlights the dominant journals and institutions in the field, with significant contributions from RMIT University and Cairo University. By examining these trends, this research provides valuable insights into the evolving relationship between technology and auditing, suggesting future directions for both scholars and practitioners. |
| Keywords: | Technology Adoption in Auditing; Digital Transformation; Audit Innovation; Artificial Intelligence in Auditing; Blockchain in Auditing |
| JEL: | M42 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:15416809 |
| By: | James, Harold |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iats17:266843 |