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on Business, Economic and Financial History |
|
Issue of 2024‒01‒15
twenty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Cummins, Neil; Gráda, Cormac |
| Abstract: | The role of skills and human capital during England’s Industrial Revolution is the subject of an old but still ongoing debate. This paper contributes to the debate by assessing the artisanal skills of watchmakers and watch tool makers in southwest Lancashire in the eighteenth century and their links to apprenticeship. The flexibility of the training regime and its evolution are discussed, as is the decline of the industry. |
| Keywords: | apprenticeship; Industrial Revolution |
| JEL: | N33 |
| Date: | 2022–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115576&r=his |
| By: | Gillian Brunet; Eric Hilt; Matthew S. Jaremski |
| Abstract: | We study the role of war bonds and inflation in the presidential elections of the 1950s. During World War II, the federal government conducted aggressive campaigns to convince Americans to invest their savings in wartime savings bonds. Although the bonds were nonnegotiable and protected from interest rate fluctuations, two major inflationary episodes after the war, in 1946-48 and 1950-51, eroded the real value of their returns, contributing to a political backlash against the incumbent Democrats. In a difference-in-differences framework, we find that counties with higher war bond purchases shifted their votes towards the Republican party in the postwar elections, relative to the elections of the late 1930s and early 1940s. To address concerns related to the endogeneity of war bond purchases, we instrument for WWII bond subscriptions using participation rates from the World War I liberty bonds, and find similar results. Our results indicate that the promotion of savings bonds made Americans more sensitive to the high inflation that prevailed after the war, contributing to Republicans’ victories in the 1950s. |
| JEL: | E20 E31 H6 N1 N22 N42 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31969&r=his |
| By: | Pablo Marmisolle (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Henry Willebald (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía) |
| Abstract: | After having lost ground as a variable of interest in the discipline for more than three decades, since the 2008 crisis the functional income distribution has once again attracted growing interest in the economic literature. In this paper we describe the methodology and sources used for the estimation of historical series of functional income distribution in Uruguay; we show the estimates and splices used to obtain continuous series, with annual frequency, for the period 1908 - 2019. Income is decomposed, in functional terms, into wage share, land rent share, mixed income capital-labour share and profit share. Due to the length of the period of analysis and the diversity of sources available, the methodology followed for each income component is detailed in different sub-periods. In methodological terms, we highlight: 1955 - 2019 as the period for which there is a greater availability of official estimates, previous studies and statistical information that allows us to make our own estimates; and 1908 - 1955 due to the availability of previous estimates of different income shares based on social tables. The results obtained show a decreasing trend in the land rent share until the 1960s, after which it remains almost stable. Mixed incomes have shown great stability (around 10% of income), except for the 1980s and 1990s, when they took a larger income share. The wage share shows an increasing trend until the 1920s, after which it stabilized at around 50% of income until the 1960s; from the 1970s, this share underwent two major regressive adjustments followed by periods of recovery. Profits showed great instability at the beginning of the twentieth century but began a rising trend in the 1930s that reached its peak in 1981; it experienced a significant drop during the 1980s, followed by a rising trend until the end of the period. |
| Keywords: | functional income distribution, national accounts, Uruguay |
| JEL: | D33 N56 N36 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-12-23&r=his |
| By: | Pascaline Dupas; Camille Falezan; Marie Christelle Mabeu; Pauline Rossi |
| Abstract: | Is the persistently high fertility in West Africa today rooted in the decades of forced labor migration under colonial rule? We study the case of Burkina Faso, considered the largest labor reservoir in West Africa by the French colonial authorities. Hundreds of thousands of young men were forcibly recruited and sent to work in neighboring colonies for multiple years. The practice started in the late 1910s and lasted until the late 1940s, when forced labor was replaced with voluntary wage employment. We digitize historical maps, combine data from multiple surveys, and exploit the historical, temporary partition of colonial Burkina Faso (and, more specifically, the historical land of the Mossi ethnic group) into three zones with different needs for labor to implement a spatial regression discontinuity design analysis. We find that, on the side where Mossi villages were more exposed to forced labor historically, there is more temporary male migration to Côte d'Ivoire up to today, and lower realized and desired fertility today. We show evidence suggesting that the inherited pattern of low-skill circular migration for adult men reduced the reliance on subsistence farming and the accompanying need for child labor. We can rule out women's empowerment or improvements in human and physical capital as pathways for the fertility decline. These findings contribute to the debate on the origins of family institutions and preferences, often mentioned to explain West Africa's exceptional fertility trends, showing that fertility choices respond to changes in modes of production. |
| JEL: | J13 N37 O15 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31993&r=his |
| By: | Michela Giorcelli |
| Abstract: | This paper studies to what extent the transfer of US managerial technologies to Europe after World War II contributed to closing the gap with US businesses. Between 1952 and 1958, the US government sponsored the Productivity Program, which promoted management training trips for European managers at US firms. Through the analysis of reports compiled by UK, France, Germany, and Italian participating firms, I first document that these companies claimed between 5 and 10% yearly productivity increase thanks to the program. The fact that European businesses were not forced to adopt the American management model, but could adapt it to their firm needs and existing business practices was a key aspect of the program’s success. Second, using data on US and Italian participating firms’ performance I show that Italian firms grew on average 7.8 percent faster than that of US companies in the ten years after the start of the program. Moreover, the distribution of productivity of Italian and US firms became more similar over years, confirming a performance convergence between these companies. |
| JEL: | M5 M50 N64 N73 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31959&r=his |
| By: | Jason Fletcher; Hamid Noghanibehambari |
| Abstract: | Several strands of research document the life-cycle impacts of lead exposure during the critical period of children’s development. Yet little is known about long-run effects of lead exposure during early-life on old-age mortality outcomes. This study exploits the staggered installation of water systems across 761 cities in the US over the first decades of the 20th century combined with cross-city differences in materials used in water pipelines to identify lead and non-lead cities. An event-study analysis suggests that the impacts are more concentrated on children exposed during in-utero up to age 10. The results of difference-in-difference analysis suggests an intent-to-treat effect of 2.7 months reduction in old-age longevity for fully exposed cohorts. A heterogeneity analysis reveals effects that are 3.5 and 2 times larger among the nonwhite subpopulation and low socioeconomic status families, respectively. We also find reductions in education and socioeconomic standing during early adulthood as candidate mechanism. Finally, we employ WWII enlistment data and observe reductions in height-for-age among lead-exposed cohorts. |
| JEL: | I1 I18 J1 N0 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31957&r=his |
| By: | Nikolova, Milena (University of Groningen); Popova, Olga (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies (IOS)) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the long-term consequences of communism on present-day freedom of expression values in two settings – East Germany and the states linked to the sphere of influence of the former USSR. Exploiting the natural experiment of German separation and later reunification, we show that living under communism has had lasting effects on free speech opinions. While free speech salience has increased for East and West Germans vis-à-vis other government goals, the convergence process has been slow. East Germans are still less likely to consider freedom of speech a key government priority compared to West Germans. Additionally, our analyses of secret police surveillance data from East Germany point to the fact that geographybased measures of community experiences of past political repression do not explain our findings. The same conclusion holds when we look at the setting of the former Soviet Union and we correlate proximity to Stalin's former labor camps in the Soviet Union with present-day freedom of speech values. At the same time, family experiences with political repression in Eastern Europe/the former Soviet Union exert a discernible influence on current values towards freedom of speech, likely due to a lasting impact stemming from such personal encounters. As such, our paper adds a nuanced contribution to the economics of free speech, suggesting that freedom of speech may be a part of informal institutions and slow-changing cultural values. |
| Keywords: | political repression, communism, free speech, German Democratic Republic, Eastern Europe, former Soviet Union, economic history |
| JEL: | D02 D83 N00 P27 P52 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16657&r=his |
| By: | D. Mark Anderson; Kerwin Charles; Krzysztof Karbownik; Daniel I. Rees; Camila Steffens |
| Abstract: | The Poor People’s Campaign (PPC) of 1968 was focused on highlighting, and ultimately reducing, poverty in the United States. As part of the campaign, protestors from across the country were transported to Washington, D.C. in 6 separate bus caravans, each of which made stops en route to rest, recruit, and hold non-violent protests. Using data from 1960-1970, we estimate the effects of these protests on congressional election outcomes. In the South, we find that PPC protests led to reductions in Democratic vote share and turnout, while in the West they may have benefited Democratic candidates at the expense of their Republican rivals. |
| JEL: | D72 I30 J15 N32 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31973&r=his |
| By: | António Afonso; Valérie Mignon; Jamel Saadaoui |
| Abstract: | We assess the impact of China’s bilateral political relations with three main trading partners—the US, Germany, and the UK—on current account balances and exchange rates, over the 1960Q1-2022Q4 period. Relying on the lag-augmented VAR approach with time-varying Granger causality tests, we find that political relationships with China strongly matter in explaining the dynamics of current accounts and exchange rates. Such relationships cause the evolution of the exchange rate (except in the UK) and the current account; these causal links being time-varying for the US and the UK and robust over the entire period for Germany. These findings suggest that policymakers should account for bilateral political relationships to understand the global macroeconomic consequences of political tensions. |
| Keywords: | political relations, time-varying causality, lag-augmented vector autoregression, China |
| JEL: | C22 F51 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10814&r=his |
| By: | Ranil Dissanayake (Center for Global Development); Mark Lowcock (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | This is the first in a series of papers drawing on original interviews, data, and secondary sources to examine how the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) was born, functioned both internationally and domestically, and was in 2020 merged with the diplomatic service to form the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). By examining this history, we aim to illuminate the UK’s contribution to international development over the last quarter century, and to draw out lessons for other bilateral donors, and the global aid and development architecture more generally. |
| Date: | 2023–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:297&r=his |
| By: | Skarpelis, Anna Katharina Mosha (Harvard University) |
| Abstract: | Racial purity and supremacy were core to Nazi Germany’s claims to European dominion. At the same time, their very own “racial scientific” research showed that most Germans were “mixed-race.” Given the dissonance between phenotypical aspirations to a Nordic ideal and the reality of a largely non-blond German population, how did the National Socialist regime maintain legitimacy to rule? Anthropologists, bureaucrats and artists resolved this racial misalignment through horror vacui racialization, an excessive social classification that manifested as a racializing turn inwards aimed at Christian Germans. I theorize the role of culture and art in stabilizing race-based rule in authoritarian and colonial contexts through racial repair that realigns desired and actual racial self-understandings. The article shows how an ostensibly biologically essentialist regime strategically used racial relativism in science, politics and popular culture. I outline the sociological implications for the sociologies of culture; race and ethnicity; theories of the state and of empire and science and technology studies. |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:8vk9r&r=his |
| By: | Rosés, Joan R.; Domènech, Jordi; Basco, Sergi |
| Abstract: | Despite being one of the deadliest viruses in history, there is limited information on the socioeconomic factors that affected mortality rates during the Great Influenza Pandemic. In this study, we use occupation-province level data to investigate the relationship between influenza excess mortality rates and occupation-related status in Spain. We obtain three main results. Firstly, individuals in low-income occupations experienced the highest excess mortality, pointing to a notable income gradient. Secondly, professions that involved more social interaction were associated with a higher excess of mortality, regardless of income. Finally, we observe a substantial rural mortality penalty, even after controlling for income-related occupational groups. Based on this evidence, it seems that the high number of deaths was caused by not self-isolating. Some individuals did not quarantine themselves because they could not afford to miss work. In rural areas, home confinement was likely more limited because their inhabitants did not have immediate access to information about the pandemic or fully understand its impact due to their limited experience handling influenza outbreaks. |
| Keywords: | pandemics; health inequality; mortality inequities; urban penalty; Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | N34 J10 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120932&r=his |
| By: | Hasselgren, Björn (Department of Economic History, Uppsala University) |
| Abstract: | Den här studien syftar till att belysa ett antal aspekter på egendomen Stjernsund (i Närke) med herrgård och bruksrörelse och den till egendomen anknutna järnbruksrörelsen som en plats där olika händelser i relation till Göta kanal-projektet utspelats. Det finns flera källor som kan bekräfta att Göta kanal under den tid som studeras här, 1800 – inledningen av 1830-talet, kom att beröra Stjernsund, men också att några av de centrala aktörerna i skeendena kring Göta kanal var knutna till, eller hade relationer till herrgården på olika sätt. <p> Göta kanal var ett stort infrastrukturprojekt som påverkade förutsättningarna för att bedriva annan industriell verksamhet och handel. Projektet tillkom som en följd av övergripande politiska överväganden i tiden efter 1809, mot bakgrund av förlusten av Finland och tillkomsten av den nya grundlagen, och därpå installationen av Karl Johan som tronarvinge, med sin prioritering på bland annat den fortsatta utvecklingen av Sveriges näringsliv. Olof Burenstam, som ägare av Stjernsund under merparten av den studerade perioden, var del av denna utveckling, både industriellt och politiskt, även om hans perspektiv främst förefaller ha varit bruksägarens mer än politikerns. |
| Keywords: | Early modern period; Political economy |
| JEL: | N13 |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:uuehwp:2023_010&r=his |
| By: | Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M.; Barr, Jason |
| Abstract: | We document that skyscraper growth since the end of the 19 th century has been driven by a reduction in the cost of height, increasing urbanization, and rising incomes. These stylized facts guide us in developing a competitive open-city general equilibrium model of vertical and horizontal city structure. We use the model to show that (i) vertical costs and benefits affect the horizontal land use pattern within cities; (ii) the causal relationship between skyscrapers and urbanization is bi-directional; and (iii) height limits reduce the size of large cities, leading to lower agglomeration economies, productivity, and urban GDP. We substantiate the model's predictions by novel estimates of urban height gradients. |
| Keywords: | density; economics; history; height regulations; skyscraper; urbanization |
| JEL: | R30 N90 |
| Date: | 2022–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112791&r=his |
| By: | Vahabi, Mehrdad; Klebaner, Samuel |
| Abstract: | On the occasion of the release of his latest book (Vahabi 2023), Mehrdad Vahabi, a University Professor and director of CEPN, reflects on several theoretical dimensions of his work during an interview. Firstly, Mehrdad Vahabi revisits his definition of predation, explaining how this concept forms the cornerstone of his theoretical framework. Predation is not considered as a rational behavior but rather as a social relationship, instituted through which several dimensions of power are transmitted. Next, in contrast to the regulation theory, he puts forth a critique of the State as a predatory institution. The State is not seen as a neutral field or a mere instrument serving the dominant class, but rather as an institution that, through its ability to levy taxes, establishes a predatory relationship with its subjects. Importantly, his approach allows for the assessment of the value of assets in the eyes of the State, providing an interesting analytical framework to explain economic policy choices. Thirdly, Mehrdad Vahabi develops the idea that the analysis of institutional change should better account for conflict, with compromise being a form of domination revealing the predatory nature of the State. Finally, he discusses political capitalism and critiques socialism, offering some ingredients for a society without predation that still needs to be built in the current world. |
| Keywords: | French Regulation school; predation, conflict, institutional change, State, socialism, political capitalism |
| JEL: | B52 P16 |
| Date: | 2023–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119567&r=his |
| By: | Nico Dogaer (FWO - Research Foundation - Flanders [Brussel]) |
| Abstract: | The historiography of fiscality in Ptolemaic Egypt is dominated by questions of state control, centralisation, dirigisme, and economic planning, often expressed in terms of the "royal economy". The idea of such a strictly supervised state economy is rooted in the still fundamental syntheses of the 1930s and 1940s. In the meantime, both the publication of new documents and the adoption of new theoretical frameworks have led scholars to challenge this concept. In this paper, the history of the dirigiste views and the recent developments eroding them are traced. Two core areas are singled out and treated in more detail: land tenure and taxation, and the so-called "royal monopolies". In addition, some reflections are offered on the concept of the "royal economy" itself, suggesting that there may be more useful ways to approach the Ptolemaic fiscal system. |
| Abstract: | L'historiographie de la fiscalité dans l'Égypte lagide est dominée par les questions d'étatisme, de centralisation, de dirigisme et de planification économique, souvent exprimées en termes d'« économie royale ». L'idée d'une économie d'État étroitement contrôlée par les rois est ancrée dans les synthèses encore fondamentales des années 1930 et 1940. Depuis cette époque, la publication de nouveaux documents et l'adoption de nouveaux cadres théoriques ont conduit les chercheurs à mettre en question ce paradigme. Dans cet article, l'histoire de ces vues dirigistes, aussi bien que les progrès récents qui les ont érodées, sont retracées. Deux domaines principaux sont traités plus en détail : le régime et la fiscalité foncières, et les prétendus « monopoles royaux ». De plus, quelques réflexions sont proposées sur l'utilité du concept d'« économie royale » lui-même comme approche pour aborder le système fiscal lagide. |
| Keywords: | Ptolemaic Egypt, papyrology, political economy, taxation, markets, Égypte lagide, papyrologie, économie politique, fiscalité, marchés |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04305584&r=his |
| By: | Jean-Baptiste Michau; Yoshiyasu Ono; Matthias Schlegl |
| Abstract: | What are the consequences of the preference for wealth for the accumulation of capital and for the dynamics of wealth inequality? Assuming that wealth per se is a luxury good, inequality tends to rise whenever the interest rate is larger than the economic growth rate. This induces the economy to converge towards an equilibrium with extreme wealth inequality, where the capital stock is equal to the golden rule level. Far from immiseration, this equilibrium results in high wages and in the golden rule level consumption for ordinary households. We then introduce shocks to the preference for wealth and show that progressive wealth taxation prevents wealth from being held by people with high saving rates. This permanently reduces the capital stock, which is detrimental to the welfare of future generation of workers. This also raises the interest rate, to the benefit of the property-owning upper-middle class. By contrast, a progressive consumption tax successfully and persistently redistributes welfare from the very rich to the poor. |
| Keywords: | capital accumulation, progressive wealth tax, wealth inequality, wealth preference |
| JEL: | D31 E21 E22 H20 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10824&r=his |
| By: | Carolina Román (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Gastón Díaz (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Programa de Historia Económica y Social); Pablo Marmisolle (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Maximiliano Presa (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Carolina Romero (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Henry Willebald (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía) |
| Abstract: | The service sector in Uruguay, at present, occupies a prominent role in the productive structure, representing around two-thirds of the gross value added. This has led some to argue, from differing perspectives, that “Uruguay is a country of services”. However, this characterization is far from recent. Already in the middle of the 20th century, the service sector gross value added represented more than 55% of the output. Moreover, the historiography recognizes several services as fundamental to Uruguay’s development in the 19th century. Despite this, the lack of systematic measurement of the service sector gross value added has limited studies on the evolution of non-material activities and their impact on growth. One of the main goals of this research project is to fill this gap and offer estimates of the service sector gross value added for the period prior to the availability of official statistics (1955). These estimates are consistent with official statistics and those available for other economic sectors, which allows for long-term analysis of structural transformations of the economy. The purpose of this document is to present the methodological notes regarding the reconstruction and estimation of the service sector gross value added series, in order to make available to other researchers the criteria, methods and sources used in this research. |
| Keywords: | service sector, gross value added, Uruguay |
| JEL: | E01 E23 N16 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-13-23&r=his |
| By: | Pierpaolo Benigno |
| Abstract: | This paper provides insights into the historical inefficiencies and instabilities of the international monetary system. These inefficiencies are primarily linked to the limited supply of international liquidity and wedges in various money-market rates. The instabilities encompass both macroeconomic and financial aspects, particularly focusing on the challenges of stabilizing inflation and economic activity. Innovations stemming from the competition of cryptocurrencies and the associated blockchain technology hold the potential for improving these outcomes. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2313&r=his |
| By: | Costa-Font, Joan; García Hombrados, Jorge; Nicińska, Anna |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effect of communist indoctrination in school on labour force participation and human capital investments. Specifically, we evaluate the impact of a reform in Poland that revoked political indoctrination in school in the mid-1950s, while leaving the rest of the curriculum unchanged. To overcome endogeneity concerns, we exploit cut-off birth dates for school enrolment that exhibit variation in the level of exposure to the reform. We find that a reduction in school indoctrination increased the probability of finishing secondary and tertiary education, and expanded labour force participation about 50 years down the line. |
| Keywords: | education systems; communist education; education reforms; school curriculum; later life outcomes; human capital attainment; labour market participation |
| JEL: | I28 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120407&r=his |
| By: | Daniel S. Grossman; Umair Khalil; Laura Panza |
| Abstract: | We study the intergenerational health consequences of forced displacement and incarceration of Japanese Americans in the US during WWII. Incarcerated mothers had babies who were less healthy at birth. This decrease in health represents a shift in the entire birthweight distribution due to exposure to prison camps. Imprisoned individuals were less likely to have children with fathers of other ethnic groups but were more likely to receive prenatal care, invest in education, and participate in the labor market. To the extent human capital effects mitigate the full negative effects of incarceration on intergenerational health, our results are a lower bound. |
| JEL: | I12 I14 I18 N32 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31992&r=his |
| By: | Cho, Sunghun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Jaehyung (New York University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of education policy in raising specific human capital for industrialization during the period of economic miracle in Korea. As part of the Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) drive, the Korean government built technical schools near industrial complexes, resulting in a prompt supply of skilled labor. With practical curricula and training, young and skilled workers were able to enter the new sector. We also document these two patterns by using the Technical School List and the Occupational Wage survey. This government-led education reform led to higher firm-level productivity and growth, which is one of the important aspects explaining the success of the industrial policy. Motivated by historical evidence, we combine the administrative Mining and Manufacturing survey with the Technical School List to study the effectiveness of industry-oriented education reform. We incorporate an education layer into the targeted industries under the HCI drive by exploiting the variation in technical school openings at the county level. Our results show that plants in treated regions tend to employ and invest more than those in control regions, but value-added and labor productivity are negatively correlated with our interaction terms. This implies that firms in HCI sectors experienced disproportionate growth and should pay higher on-the-job costs for workers while education reform may reduce the overall cost of hiring industry-specific labor. In contrast, non-HCI sector firms exhibit a positive correlation with value added and labor productivity. These firms might benefit from the education reform that improved overall quality of skilled workers. Lastly, the effect of education reform was concentrated before the end of the HCI drive period and did not persist after 1980. In the era of emerging industrial policy, our paper presents a new mechanism that encourages more workers to enter a new sector targeted by government-led plans. Our results serve as a starting point for re-evaluating contemporary industrial policy and underscore the need to consider this additional layer in future policy design. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Policy; Heavy and Chemical Industry Drive; IndustryOriented Education Reform |
| JEL: | O14 O25 O53 |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwp:2023_003&r=his |
| By: | Rolf Schwartz |
| Abstract: | This paper traces the history of China’s development co-operation system and looks into its practices, touching upon implementation gaps with established international norms and practices. |
| Keywords: | asia, China, developing countries, development co-operation, development effectiveness, development finance, development planning, institutions, sdgs |
| JEL: | N2 N25 O1 O19 O2 O5 O53 G28 |
| Date: | 2023–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:113-en&r=his |
| By: | Jesse LaBelle; Immaculada Martinez-Zarzoso; Ana Maria Santacreu; Yoto Yotov |
| Abstract: | We build a stylized model that captures the relationships between cross-border patenting, globalization, and development. Our theory delivers a gravity equation for cross-border patents. To test the model’s predictions, we compile a new dataset that tracks patents within and between countries and industries, for 1980-2019. The econometric analysis reveals a strong, positive impact of policy and globalization on cross-border patent flows, especially from North to South. A counterfactual welfare analysis suggests that the increase in patent flows from North to South has benefited both regions, with South gaining more than North post-2000, thus lowering real income inequality in the world. |
| Keywords: | cross-border patents; gravity; policy; globalization; development |
| JEL: | F63 O14 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedlwp:97470&r=his |
| By: | Einstoss Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Durante 1973 a 1984 Argentina atravesó lo que ser ´ia la etapa m ´as violenta de su historia. A lo largo de las ultimas décadas las ciencias sociales han afirmado que esta experiencia ha tenido efectos persistentes sobre la sociedad argentina, pero al d ´ia de hoy no se encuentran trabajos que puedan dar un fuerte sustento empírico a esta afirmación. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo llenar ese espacio en la literatura, mostrando que el caso Argentino es abordable desde un punto de vista empírico, dando una puntapié inicial para futuros trabajos. Finalmente, este trabajo estima el efecto de las llamadas ”Baldosas por la memoria” sobre la dinámica electoral. Este trabajo corresponde a una versión preliminar. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aep:anales:4648&r=his |
| By: | Pascal Le Masson (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04295141&r=his |