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on Business, Economic and Financial History |
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Issue of 2017‒10‒01
27 papers chosen by |
| By: | Michael D. Bordo; Pierre L. Siklos |
| Abstract: | Central banks have evolved for close to four centuries. This paper argues that for two centuries central banks caught up to the strategies followed by the leading central banks of the era; the Bank of England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the Federal Reserve in the twentieth century. It also argues that, by the late 20th century, small open economies were more prone to adopt a new policy regime when the old one no longer served its purpose whereas large, less open, and systemically important economies were more reluctant to embrace new approaches to monetary policy. Our study blends the quantitative with narrative explanations of the evolution of central banks. We begin by providing an overview of the evolution of monetary policy regimes taking note of the changing role of financial stability over time. We then provide some background to an analysis that aims, via econometric means, to quantify the similarities and idiosyncrasies of the ten central banks and the extent to which they represent a network of sorts where, in effect, some central banks learn from others. |
| JEL: | E02 E31 E32 E42 E58 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23847&r=his |
| By: | Jaremski, Matthew (Department of Economics, Colgate University) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been a revival of privately issued money. Due to the general lack of successful or even widely circulating private currency, it can be challenging to get a clear view of its efficiency using modern data. The U.S. historical period, however, offers a unique environment to examine the topic as private bank money made up a sizable portion of the money supply. Moreover, the period presents a wide range of regulation, including spans with and without the presence of a central bank or monetary authority. This chapter begins by highlighting the general history of privately issued money in the United States from 1790 through its elimination in the 1930s. Topics include the rise of state bank notes, the switch to national bank notes, clearinghouse currency, the Aldrich-Vreeland emergency currency associations, and the decline of private currency. It then examines open topics in the literature and provides suggestions for study going forward. |
| Keywords: | private currency, banks, bank notes, clearinghouses, and financial regulation |
| JEL: | E42 G21 N11 |
| Date: | 2017–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgt:wpaper:2017-05&r=his |
| By: | Aaronson, Daniel (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago); Hartley, Daniel (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago); Mazumder, Bhashkar (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | In the wake of the Great Depression, the Federal government created new institutions such as the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) to stabilize housing markets. As part of that effort, the HOLC created residential security maps for over 200 cities to grade the riskiness of lending to neighborhoods. We trace out the effects of these maps over the course of the 20th and into the early 21st century by linking geocoded HOLC maps to both Census and modern credit bureau data. Our analysis looks at the difference in outcomes between residents living on a lower graded side versus a higher graded side of an HOLC boundary within highly close proximity to one another. We compare these differences to “counterfactual” boundaries using propensity score and other weighting procedures. In addition, we exploit borders that are least likely to have been endogenously drawn. We find that areas that were the lower graded side of HOLC boundaries in the 1930s experienced a marked increase in racial segregation in subsequent decades that peaked around 1970 before beginning to decline. We also find evidence of a long-run decline in home ownership, house values, and credit scores along the lower graded side of HOLC borders that persists today. We document similar long-run patterns among both “redlined” and non-redlined neighborhoods and, in some important outcomes, show larger and more lasting effects among the latter. Our results provide strongly suggestive evidence that the HOLC maps had a causal and persistent effect on the development of neighborhoods through credit access. |
| Keywords: | Home ownership; housing; mortgage loans; redlining |
| JEL: | H81 O18 R21 R31 |
| Date: | 2017–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedhwp:wp-2017-12&r=his |
| By: | Kevin Hjortshøj O'Rourke |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I offer some preliminary comparisons between the trade collapses of the Great Depression and Great Recession. The commodity composition of the two trade collapses was quite similar, but the latter collapse was much sharper due to the spread of manufacturing across the globe during the intervening period. The increasing importance of manufacturing also meant that the trade collapse was more geographically balanced in the later episode. Protectionism was much more severe during the 1930s than after 2008, and in the UK case at least helped to skew the direction of trade away from multilateralism and towards Empire. This had dangerous political consequences. |
| JEL: | F13 F14 N70 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23825&r=his |
| By: | Martin Ellison (Centre For Economic Policy Research (CEPR); Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM); Department of Economics Oxford University); Andrew Scott (Centre For Economic Policy Research (CEPR); Department of Economics London Business School (LBS)) |
| Abstract: | We construct a new monthly dataset for UK government debt over the period 1694 to 2017 based on price and quantity data for each individual bond issued. This enables us to examine long run fiscal sustainability using the theoretically relevant variable of the market value of debt, and investigate the historical importance of debt management. We find the general implications of the tax smoothing literature are replicated in our data, especially around financing wars, although we find major shifts over time in how fiscal sustainability is achieved. Before the 20th century, governments continued to pay bond holders a high rate of return and achieved sustainability through running fiscal surpluses but since then governments have relied on low growth adjusted real interest rates. The optimal debt management literature tends to favour the use of long bonds but we find the government would have been better off over the 20th century issuing short bonds. The contrast with the literature occurs because of an upward sloping yield curve and long bonds rarely providing fiscal insurance. This is particularly true during periods of financial crises when falling interest rates lead to sharp rises in the price of long bonds, making them an expensive form of finance. We examine the robustness of our conclusions to liquidity effects, rollover risks, buyback operations and leverage. In general, these do suggest a greater role for long bonds but do not overturn an issuance strategy based mainly on short term bonds. |
| Keywords: | Debt management, Fiscal Deficits, Fiscal Policy, Goveernment Debt, Inflation maturity, Yield curve |
| JEL: | E43 E62 H63 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cfm:wpaper:1727&r=his |
| By: | Jo Swinnen |
| Abstract: | This dataset includes annual data on agricultural production, prices, trade and derived policy indicators for various commodities and nine European countries since the second half of the 19th century until the countries joined the EU. The countries are Belgium, France, UK, Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Sweden, Spain and Italy. The data was collected from a variety of sources, mostly national statistics, and the commodity and time coverage varies between countries. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:ceswps:591903&r=his |
| By: | Michael R. Haines |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at the fertility and mortality experience of racial and ethnic groups in the United States from the early 20th century to the present. The first part consist of a description and critique of the racial and ethnic categories used in the federal census and in the published vital statistics. The second part looks at these two dimensions of demographic behavior. There has been both absolute and relative convergence of fertility across groups. It has been of relatively recent origin and has been due, in large part, to stable birth rates for the majority white population combined with declining birth rates for blacks and the Asian-origin, Hispanic-origin, and American Indian populations. This has not been true for mortality. The black population has experienced absolute convergence but relative deterioration in mortality (neonatal and infant mortality, maternal mortality, expectation of life at birth, and age-adjusted death rates), in contrast to the American Indian and Asian-origin populations. The Asian-origin population actually now has age-adjusted death rates significantly lower than those for the white population. The disadvantaged condition of the black population and the deteriorating social safety net are the likely origins of this outcome. This is a clear indication of relative inequality, as the black population is not sharing as much in the mortality improvements in recent decades. |
| JEL: | I14 N12 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23827&r=his |
| By: | Haelim Park Anderson; Gary Richardson; Brian S. Yang |
| Abstract: | In the Banking Acts of 1933 and 1935, the United States created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which ensured deposits in commercial banks up to $5,000. Congress capped the size of insured deposits so that small depositors would not run on banks, but large and informed depositors – such as firms and investors – would continue to monitor banks’ behavior. This essay asks how that insurance scheme influenced depositors’ reactions to news about the health of the economy and information on bank’s balance sheets. An answer arises from our treatment-and-control estimation strategy. When deposit insurance was created, banks with New York state charters accepted regular and preferred deposits. Preferred depositors received low, fixed interest rates, but when banks failed, received priority in repayment. Deposit-insurance legislation diminished differences between preferred and regular deposits by capping interest rates and protecting regular depositors from losses. We find that before deposit insurance, regular depositors reacted more to news about banks’ balance sheets and economic aggregates; while preferred depositors reacted less. After deposit insurance, this difference diminished, but did not disappear. The change in the behavior of one group relative to the other indicates that deposit insurance reduced depositor monitoring, although the continued reaction of depositors to some information suggests that, as intended, the legislation did not entirely eliminate depositor monitoring. |
| JEL: | E42 E65 G21 G28 N22 P34 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23828&r=his |
| By: | Edward Nelson |
| Abstract: | This paper finds a significant influence of Milton Friedman on U.K. economic policy from the 1970s onward, and especially during the period of the Thatcher Government. The finding is based on a consideration of statements by policymakers and key economic advisers, as well as an analysis of Friedman’s commentary in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s on U.K. economic developments. Explicit, public acknowledgments of Friedman's influence were given by Margaret Thatcher, Chancellor of the Exchequer Geoffrey Howe, Bank of England officials, and others in policy circles. Examples of Friedman's influence include the absorption into U.K. policy doctrine of the permanent income hypothesis and the natural rate hypothesis, the rejection from 1979 onward of incomes policy as a weapon against inflation, and U.K. officials' repeated appeals to monetary sovereignty when arguing against monetary union or a sterling peg. Evidence of influence by Friedman on privatization policy and on the official perspective on the current account deficit can also be discerned. Although he had only limited interaction with U.K. policymakers, Friedman had a major influence, reflected in the adoption into actual U.K. policymaking of recommendations made in his writings and in the fact that those writings-which were studied closely by a number of senior U.K. economic advisers-helped alter U.K. economists' conceptual framework and thereby fostered doctrinal changes in U.K. economic policy. This paper's analysis also shows that two prominent critics of the Thatcher economic policy-Labour's Harold Wilson and the Conservatives' Edward Heath-saw this policy as partly due to the influence of Friedman, whom each of them had met before the Thatcher era. |
| Keywords: | Incomes policy ; Milton Friedman ; Monetarism ; U.K. economic policy |
| JEL: | E51 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2017–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2017-96&r=his |
| By: | Mandai, Yu, and Nakabayashi, Masaki (Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | Japan in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries had free financial, land and coercive labor markets. They were complements of the Japan's first age of the laissez-faire financial capitalism. It raised the growth but resulted in the wealth polarization and the social instability. Therefore, the Edo (Tokugawa) shogunate, 1600--1868, banded coercive labor, protected peasants property right, and regulated the farmland-collateral loans. The key was an optimal degree of regulation. The shogunate first banned foreclosure and invited a credit shrink. In the first half of the eighteenth century, the shogunate introduced legislation into the legalization of foreclosure of pledged farmland with clarifying the rights of borrowers. The regulation realized a substantial transfer from the lender to the borrower through interest discount for timely repayment. |
| Keywords: | farmland-collateral loans; farmland foreclosure; free labor; peasant ownership; early modern Japan |
| JEL: | K11 K12 Q15 O13 N55 |
| Date: | 2017–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:itk:issdps:f187&r=his |
| By: | Christophe Salvat (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Etienne] - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Choosing not to choose, the latest book by Cass Sunstein (author of Nudge), discusses the benefits one might expect from the generalisation of default rules in our society. The advantages offered by default rules have been corroborated by numerous studies in behavioural economics and have been extensively used to defend a new type of paternalism (Thaler and Sunstein 2008, Sunstein 2014a, b), often referred as referred to as libertarian or behavioural paternalism (Salvat 2014, Rizzo 2016, Lecouteux 2016). While Sunstein’s previous works discuss the benefits of default rules and other paternalistic policies, Choosing not to choose specifically addresses the pros and cons of impersonal as well as personal default rules. Sunstein’s ideas are less ideologically biased and more rigorously argued than in his other books and, more importantly, by introducing a distinction between impersonal and personal rules, he makes a real contribution to the debate on behavioural paternalism. |
| Keywords: | Paternalism,Libertarian Paternalism,Behavioral Science |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01590753&r=his |
| By: | Jacob Assa (United Nations - OHRLLS) |
| Abstract: | Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) as well as Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) modelling have both had significant implications for economic theory in recent years. Neither, however, had any meaningful impact on the key measurement of output, Gross Domestic Product (GDP). While balance sheets have been nominally included in national accounting systems since 1968, main aggregates such as GDP are still blind to the creation and flow of credit (and hence debt). The financial sector is only presented in GDP as a provider of services, not as a producer of credit and thus money. Following Schumpeter's (and Bezemer's) functional differentiation of credit, this paper separates finance into two parts - credit to the productive sectors and credit for speculation (i.e. for purchasing financial assets and real-estate). The former grows at the same rate as GDP, while the latter grows faster, increasing aggregate leverage. A systemic leverage index is then constructed from flow-of-funds data for the US (1960-2015), and used to render real GDP stock-flow consistent. Debt-adjusted GDP is theoretically and methodologically more consistent than GDP, and also correlates better with aggregate employment. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of debt-adjusted output for the trend and volatility of growth, as well as some thoughts on the gap between measurement and theory in economics. |
| Keywords: | Modern Money Theory, Stock-flow consistency, Functional differentiation of credit, speculation, credit, endogenous money, aggregated demand |
| JEL: | E01 E12 E23 E44 G20 O42 O47 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:new:wpaper:1727&r=his |
| By: | Guillaume Daudin (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | PhilipHoffmanisprofessoratCaliforniaTechandhasbeenarecentpresidentoftheEconomicHistoryAssociationandco-editoroftheJournalofEconomicHistory.Hislatest bookisamasterfultacklingofthequestion« whydidEuropeconquertheWorld?». Thisisnotthesamequestionas« WhywasEuropefirst?».Theconquestlargelyhappened beforetheIndustrialRevolutionand,aschapter7makesclear,Hoffmandoesnotarguethat war,conquestandempirehelpedEuropebecomericher.ContraAllenandO’Brien,hearguesthattheconquestoftheworldwasthesiblingratherthanthemotherofmodern economicgrowth:theinstitutionsthatallowe dbotheventswerethesame. |
| Keywords: | Compte-Rendu,Histoire Global,Histoire Militaire,Époque Moderne |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01494592&r=his |
| By: | Randall Morck; Bernard Yeung |
| Abstract: | Japan, an isolated, backward country in the 1860s, industrialized rapidly to become a major industrial power by the 1930s. South Korea, among the world’s poorest countries in the 1960s, joined the ranks of First World economies in little over a single generation. China now seems poised to follow a similar trajectory. All three cases highlight the importance of marginalized traditional elites, intensive early investment in education, a degree of economic openness, free markets, equity financing, early-stage coordination of firms in diverse industries via arrangements such as business groups, and political institutions capable of curbing the power of families grown wealthy in early-stage rapid development to make way for prosperity sustained by efficient resource allocation to high-productivity firms. |
| JEL: | G0 N25 N35 O1 O16 O53 P1 P11 P5 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23845&r=his |
| By: | Jobst, Clemens; Stix, Helmut |
| Abstract: | The circulation of cash has increased in many economies over the past decade. To understand this development we provide evidence from two perspectives. First, we analyze long time series from the late 19th century to 2015 for several economies. Second, we collect evidence from 70 economies from 2001 to 2014. The descriptive account provides two main findings: (i) Recent increases for the euro, the US dollar and the Swiss franc are strong if seen over a 100 year horizon, (ii) increases can be observed in the majority of the 72 economies over the period from 2001 to 2014. Panel money demand models show that interest rates or GDP can only partially explain the increases in cash demand. The size of the shadow economy is not found to be an important factor for this period. We find that cash demand has evolved in line with a standard money demand model in economies with no record of financial crises. For economies that had a financial crisis in 2008, we find an increase in cash demand, on average. However, an "unexplained" increase is also obtained for wealthier economies that did not have a financial crisis in 2007/08 but before. We conjecture that the level shift in cash demand is related to increased uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | cash; Demand for currency; Financial crises; international comparison; monetary history |
| JEL: | E41 E42 N10 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:12327&r=his |
| By: | Clark, Gregory (University of California, Davis); Leigh, Andrew (Australian National University); Pottenger, Mike (University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | The paper estimates long run social mobility in Australia 1870–2017 tracking the status of rare surnames. The status information includes occupations from electoral rolls 1903–1980, and records of degrees awarded by Melbourne and Sydney universities 1852–2017. Status persistence was strong throughout, with an intergenerational correlation of 0.7–0.8, and no change over time. Notwithstanding egalitarian norms, high immigration and a well-targeted social safety net, Australian long-run social mobility rates are low. Despite evidence on conventional measures that Australia has higher rates of social mobility than the UK or USA (Mendolia and Siminski, 2016), status persistence for surnames is as high as that in England or the USA. Mobility rates are also just as low if we look just at mobility within descendants of UK immigrants, so ethnic effects explain none of the immobility. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational mobility, social mobility, inequality |
| JEL: | J62 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11021&r=his |
| By: | Shkunov, Vladimir |
| Abstract: | The author discusses the role of the indigenous peoples of the Far East (Ainu, Oroch, Nivkhi, Evenki, Udege, Negidals, etc.) in the development of trade between Russia and Japan. He identifi es the role of the indigenous population of the Far East as the mediators in Russo-Japanese trade, and argues that they played this role during the period when the trade between two states was not offi cially resolved. He also characterizes the range of goods, channels of their delivery and distribution, and specifi cs of barter exchange. |
| Keywords: | Russian Empire, Japan, indigenous peoples of the Far East, foreign trade, goods, Sakhalin, Hokkaido. |
| JEL: | N75 |
| Date: | 2016–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77173&r=his |
| By: | Stéphane Le Bras (CHEC - Centre d'Histoire "Espaces et Cultures" - UBP - Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2) |
| Abstract: | Cette étude vise à mesurer la distance entre un discours et une réalité des situations sur le marché des vins de consommation courante français régulièrement confronté à des crises cycliques aux XIXe et XXe s. |
| Keywords: | Vin,viticulture,marché,crises,consommation,production |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01552384&r=his |
| By: | Ángel de la Fuente |
| Abstract: | En el presente trabajo se completa la construcción de una base de datos de renta y empleo regional que cubre el período 1955-2014. En él se construyen, en particular, series homogéneas de ocupados, puestos de trabajo y ocupados asalariados, remuneración de asalariados y rentas totales del trabajo para 1955-2014 y series más cortas de otras variables de empleo (horas trabajadas totales y por asalariados y puestos de trabajo totales y asalariados equivalentes a jornada completa). También se construyen series enlazadas de parados desde 1955 utilizando datos de la EPA y de los Anuarios Estadísticos de España. |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2017-21&r=his |
| By: | Cattan, Sarah (Institute for Fiscal Studies, London); Kamhöfer, Daniel A. (University of Paderborn); Karlsson, Martin (University of Duisburg-Essen); Nilsson, Therese (Lund University) |
| Abstract: | Instructional time is seen as an important determinant of school performance, but little is known about the effects of student absence. Combining historical records and administrative data for Swedish individuals born in the 1930s, we examine the impacts of absence in elementary school on short-term academic performance and long-term socio-economic outcomes. Our siblings and individual fixed effects estimates suggest absence has a moderate adverse effect on academic performance. The detrimental effect fades out over time. While absence negatively correlates with final education, income and longevity, we only find robust evidence that it lowers the probability of employment at age 25–30. |
| Keywords: | absence in school, educational performance, long-term effects, register data |
| JEL: | C23 I14 I21 |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10995&r=his |
| By: | LIEDTKE, Rainer |
| Abstract: | This article outlines the urban development of Athens between the 1830s and 1970s and by doing so questions the validity of the concept of the “European City” by concentrating on a Southern European example. It proposes a more inclusive view of European urbanisation by drawing attention to the social phenomenon of clientelism as an element of civil society and as a major factor in the development of the urban environment. |
| Keywords: | Urbanisation, Athens, Europe, Clientelism, Migration |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:ccesdp:67&r=his |
| By: | Dehejia, Rajeev (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago); Dehejia, Rajeev (New York University); Jordan, Andrew (University of Chicago); Pop-Eleches, Cristian (Columbia University); Samii, Cyrus (New York University); Schulze, Karl (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | This paper documents the evolving impact of childbearing on the work activity of mothers. Based on a compiled dataset of 441 censuses and surveys between 1787 and 2015, representing 103 countries and 48.4 million mothers, we document three main findings: (1) the effect of fertility on labor supply is small and typically indistinguishable from zero at low levels of development and economically large and negative at higher levels of development; (2) this negative gradient is remarkably consistent across histories of currently developed countries and contemporary cross-sections of countries; and (3) the results are strikingly robust to identification strategies, model specification, data construction, and rescaling. We explain our results within a standard labor-leisure model and attribute the negative labor supply gradient to changes in the sectoral and occupational structure of female jobs as countries develop. |
| Keywords: | Twins; instrumental variables; development; economic history; fertility; labor supply |
| JEL: | J00 J13 N00 |
| Date: | 2017–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedhwp:wp-2017-14&r=his |
| By: | - |
| Keywords: | BASES DE DATOS, MORTALIDAD, NIÑOS, DATABASES, MORTALITY, CHILDREN |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col048:9418&r=his |
| By: | Gilles Arnaud (LCSP EA 7335 - Laboratoire de Changement Social et Politique - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7); Bénédicte Vidaillet (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12) |
| Abstract: | Over the past 15 years, an increasing number of researchers have become aware of what the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan's work can contribute to management and organization studies. The number of publications on the subject has significantly risen, at the risk of leading to some apparent heterogeneity of the topics covered and a potential distortion of the Lacanian concepts when used in management and organization studies. In this article, we aim to map this emerging field of research, bring to light the theoretical basis common to those works so as to make the Lacanian theory used to study management and organization more legible, and discuss the limitations and opportunities implied by such a Lacanian approach. We organize the published works around two main orientations, each helping to address specific issues: a clinical orientation, within organizational psycho-dynamics, and a critical orientation, related to critical management studies. |
| Keywords: | organizational psycho-dynamics,psychoanalysis,Critical management studies,Lacan |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01591534&r=his |
| By: | Lu Shi (IAO - Institut d'Asie Orientale - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Bernard Ganne (MODYS - MOndes et DYnamiques des Sociétés - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Etienne] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Dans les transformations économiques prodigieuses que la Chine a connues depuis sa réforme économique, les clusters industriels sont reconnus comme ayant joué un rôle particulièrement important. A travers l’exemple de Yongkang, ville-district du Zhejiang spécialisée dans les articles métalliques, nous souhaitons comprendre comment cette zone rurale de tradition artisanale en métaux est passée progressivement à des pôles industriels structurés autour de productions spécifiques et par quelles voies économiques, sociales et politiques ont pu s’effectuer ces transformations. |
| Keywords: | Chine, Industrie, Cluster, Entreprise |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01471044&r=his |
| By: | Guido Neidhöfer (Freie Universität Berlin, Germany); Joaquín Serrano (CEDLAS Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina); Leonardo Gasparini (CEDLAS Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina) |
| Abstract: | The causes and consequences of the intergenerational persistence of inequality are a topic of great interest among various fields in economics. However, until now, issues of data availability have restricted a broader and cross-national perspective on the topic. Based on rich sets of harmonized household survey data, we contribute to filling this gap computing time series for several indexes of relative and absolute intergenerational education mobility for 18 Latin American countries over 50 years, and making them publicly available. We find that intergenerational mobility has been rising in Latin America, on average. This pattern seems to be driven by the high upward mobility of children from low-educated families; at the same time, there is substantial immobility at the top of the distribution. Significant cross-country differences are observed and are associated with income inequality, poverty, economic growth, public educational expenditures and assortative mating. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, Equality of Opportunity, Transition Probabilities, Assortative Mating, Education, Human Capital, Latin America. |
| JEL: | D63 I24 J62 O15 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inq:inqwps:ecineq2017-443&r=his |
| By: | Luc Marco (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Robert Noumen (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Quand a été édité le premier plan d'affaires français ? Sur quel type d'entreprise portait-i l? Le processus de retour d'investissement était-il dans le titre ? Autant de questions qu'il faut se poser pour faire une histoire des plans d'affaires en France. Et comme ce document est imprimé au plus fort de la révolution agricole qui secoue l'Europe en cette fin de la Renaissance, il faut aussi s'intéresser aux aspects gestionnaires du texte: que sont les coûts, les charges, les produits et les besoins visés ? Les profits annoncés sont-ils réalistes ? |
| Keywords: | Histoire, France, Renaissance, Plan d'affaires, Profitabilité |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01484413&r=his |