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on Health Economics |
| By: | Barwick, Panle; Swanson, Ashley; Xia, Tianli |
| Abstract: | Making innovative drugs affordable and accessible is a pressing global challenge. Centralized negotiation is an increasingly popular policy solution, but it remains understudied despite wide variation in implementation. This paper studies China's ongoing NRDL Reform, which combines centralized drug price negotiation with expanded insurance coverage. The reform reduced retail prices by 48% and out-of-pocket costs by 80%, and increased drug utilization by 350%. At the same time, the insurance design was regressive, and 25% of negotiations failed. Focusing on cancer drugs, we estimate a flexible demand and supply model that features heterogeneous households, bargaining with potential breakdowns, and a government objective function that depends on consumer surplus and insurance spending. We estimate that including innovative cancer drugs in the NRDL generated RMB 40 billion ($5.6 billion) in annual consumer surplus gains and increased survival by 900, 000 life-years among Chinese cancer patients each year. Among the counterfactual policies we examined, centralized market-access negotiation with an optimal coinsurance schedule raises social surplus by 19% relative to the observed policy and achieves 90% of the social surplus of an efficient benchmark. |
| JEL: | L0 I0 H0 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20268 |
| By: | Gregory Jolivet; Fabien Postel-Vinay |
| Abstract: | We combine data from O*NET and the CPS to analyze changes in the distribution of job health contents in the United States over the past 18 years. We find that the labor market has been moving toward more stressful and psychologically demanding jobs but also toward jobs with more decision latitude. These changes occurred mostly within occupations, rather than resulting from worker reallocation across occupations. Using the structure of a generic job search model, we estimate workers' Marginal Willingness to Pay (MWP) for various job health attributes over time. We uncover significantly negative preferences for psychological demands from the mid-2010s onwards. At the same time, we find that workers increasingly value decision latitude over time. We use our structural estimates to document the role of occupational health in the dynamics of welfare inequalities across workers as well as between men and women. |
| Date: | 2026–01–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:26/845 |
| By: | Andreas Haller; Stefan Staubli |
| Abstract: | The central trade-off for designing Disability Insurance (DI) is between providing insurance to those in need while maintaining incentives to work. This paper develops a novel revealed-preference approach to identify the insurance value of DI benefits. We show that comparing the DI take-up response to a change in benefits versus a change in wages identifies the insurance value. Implementing our framework in Canada, we estimate that increasing DI benefits by $1 creates an additional disincentive cost of $0.60 but creates an insurance value of $2.20. Thus, our approach suggests that DI benefits are not overly generous in the Canadian context. |
| JEL: | H53 H55 J14 J21 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35438 |
| By: | Duha T. Altindag; Reem El Cheikh Taha; John M. Nunley; R. Alan Seals |
| Abstract: | Automation affects public budgets through wages and the tax base, and also through inflows into social insurance. We estimate the effect of industrial robot exposure on Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) applications using confidential commuting-zone data and a shift-share design that instruments U.S. exposure with earlier European robot diffusion. One additional robot per 1, 000 workers lowers applications by about 8 per 100, 000 working-age residents, with the largest declines among workers aged 55 to 64. Employment-to-population ratios do not fall in exposed commuting zones, which weighs against broad local displacement as the sole explanation. A year's flow of averted applications corresponds to about \$3.4 billion in expected SSDI and Medicare obligations, or about \$17, 000 per robot-year, in present value rather than realized cash. Displacement adds to social-insurance costs, whereas robot exposure here reduces them, an offset that assessments built only on displacement leave unpriced. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2607.02892 |
| By: | Camarda, Enrico; Fleitas, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Price regulation and managed competition are widely used to promote quality in health care markets, where quality is often multidimensional and weakly correlated across dimensions. This paper studies how this multidimensionality affects price regulation, patient allocation, and provider behavior in the England's market for public General Practitioner (GP) services. Using counterfactual simulations, we evaluate reforms reducing quality-related payments. We find that such reductions can improve total welfare, in part because practices re-optimize in line with patient preferences. In absence of externalities, the consumer surplus is maximized at 40% of quality-related payments. Finally, incorporating patient preferences into payment design further enhances welfare. |
| Keywords: | Regulation; Quality of care |
| JEL: | L15 L44 L51 I11 I18 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20283 |
| By: | Stella Canessa; Gordon B. Dahl; Anna Hasselqvist; Costas Meghir; Susan Niknami; Mårten, Palme; Helmut Rainer; Olof Rosenqvist; Pengpeng Xiao |
| Abstract: | Divorce reshapes family life, yet little is known about one of its most consequential features: the allocation of child custody. We study the impact of joint versus sole custody on both parents and children using rich administrative data from Sweden linked to over 25 years of newly-collected court custody rulings. To address selection concerns, we exploit random assignment of custody disputes to judges who differ sharply in their propensity to grant joint custody. For fathers, joint custody substantially raises earnings and improves mental health, consistent with sustained paternal involvement enhancing labor market attachment and psychological well-being. In contrast, there are no measurable labor market or mental health effects for mothers. Turning to children, joint custody increases standardized test scores and school quality without affecting mental health outcomes. Joint custody increases fathers' chances of remarriage, keeps separated parents in closer geographic proximity, and has no effect on intimate partner violence allegations against either partner. These findings inform longstanding debates over the role of child custody in shaping post-divorce family life. |
| Keywords: | child custody, divorce |
| JEL: | J12 J13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12822 |
| By: | Linnea J. Endersby (Department of Economics, University of Tennessee); Matthew C. Harris (Department of Economics, University of Tennessee); Lawrence M. Kessler (Boyd Center for Business and Economic Research, University of Tennessee) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effects of legalizing fentanyl test strips (FTS), which identify the presence of fentanyl in recreational drugs, on overdose deaths. Using difference-in-differences methods, we find that purely increasing de jure access to fentanyl test strips (FTS), which can reduce information asymmetries regarding drug contents, had little effect on overdose mortality. We then examine the effects of multi-dimensional community-based interventions aimed at increasing de facto access to FTS and other harm reduction resources. These hands-on approaches were more effective in reducing overdose deaths. Together, these findings suggest that FTS are used at sub-optimal levels, and more active efforts to distribute them could reduce overdoses. |
| Keywords: | Opioids, Fentanyl, Overdoses, Harm Reduction, Difference-in-Differences, Synthetic Control |
| JEL: | I12 I18 D62 H41 H75 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ten:wpaper:2026-01 |
| By: | Costa-Font, Joan (London School of Economics); Wang, Wanying (Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Although flexible employment policies can help employed individuals balance caregiving and paid work, limited evidence has been devoted to examining the effect of working flexibly on the supply of care to older adults. In this paper, we study the impact of flexible working conditions on the supply of informal adult care and mental health. We exploit variation from the 2014 expansion of the Right to Request Flexible Work (RRFW) to employees in the UK. Our findings point to a gendered response to increased employment flexibility. We document a 1.3-percentage-point increase in the likelihood that men provide informal care within the household, alongside less regular daytime work, greater control over working hours, and higher engagement in home production. In contrast, among potential female caregivers, we find that the reform reduced the probability of high-intensity caregiving, which is typically incompatible with employment or related activities. We document that the increased workplace flexibility not only encourages caregiving but also helps reduce gender disparities in unpaid care. We additionally find suggestive evidence of improved mental health outcomes, particularly among men. |
| Keywords: | flexible working, informal care, right to request flexible work, mental health, United Kingdom |
| JEL: | J14 J22 I13 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18800 |
| By: | Cremer, Helmuth; Gahvari, Firouz |
| Abstract: | This study contributes to the long-term care policy literature by exploring how, in an uncertain environment, redistributive tax policies and long-term care program design interact with informal care incentives, shaping long-term caregiving outcomes. The analysis is done within an overlapping-generations model in the steady state under full and asymetric information. Altruistic children provide informal care to their elderly parents if dependent. Not all children are altruistic. Children's level of altruism is shaped by the time and attention they received in childhood. Key findings, under asymetric information, include: (i) Allocations are distorted for redistributive purposes, except for savings, (ii) marginal income tax rates are positive, aligning with standard nonlinear income taxation models, and (iii) a consequence of government's redistributive policies is to encourage time spent with children thus incresing family caregiving. These three findings apply to both "opting out" and "topping up" schemes. (iv) Savings must be subsidized in an opting out system due to fiscal externalities; (v) if public assistance carries a stigma, it may have to be distorted upward; the opting-out policy welfare dominates the topping-up policy. Finally, if long term care provision carries no stigma, opting out is more cost-effective than topping up in both first- and second-best. |
| JEL: | H2 H5 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20060 |
| By: | Kesternich, Iris; Romahn, André; Van Biesebroeck, Johannes; Van Damme, Marjolein |
| Abstract: | The German universal long-term care (LTC) insurance program offers beneficiaries the choice between in-kind services and a cash benefit, which can be used for anything, including informal care. The optimal level of the cash benefit depends on substitution between formal and informal care options, the cost of public funds, and distributional considerations. To evaluate various policy options, we estimate a random-coefficients demand model for the period 1999-2015 using data on the universe of LTC patients supplemented with micro moments from the German Mikrozensus. Results show strong heterogeneity in patient preferences for the three different LTC options: informal, ambulatory and stationary care. A counterfactual analysis predicts that abolishing the cash subsidy leads to a decline in patient surplus that far outweighs the savings in public expenditure. It suggests that many countries could benefit from the introduction of a cash subsidy option for LTC. |
| Keywords: | Aging |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20199 |
| By: | De Donder, Philippe; Zohaib, Sadia; Achou, Bertrand; Glenzer, Franca; Lee, Minjoon; Leroux, Marie-Louise |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether the changes in long-term care (LTC) preferences, saving behavior, and policy attitudes observed during the COVID-19 pandemic have persisted in the post-pandemic period. Using new survey data collected in 2023 from a representative sample of working-age individuals in Ontario and Qu´ebec, we compare responses to those obtained during the first phase of the pandemic in 2020. We document that nursing-home aversion remains widespread several years after the crisis and continues to shape economic behavior and policy preferences. Individuals who are more averse to nursing homes are significantly more likely to plan to increase saving for old age and to support public subsidies for home care. These relationships are robust across demographic and socioeconomic groups, indicating that the effects are not confined to specific subpopulations. Overall, our findings suggest that the pandemic has led to persistent changes in preferences with important implications for LTC financing and policy design. In particular, the continued mismatch between household preferences and the current emphasis on institutional care highlights the need to reassess the allocation of public resources toward home-based care. |
| Keywords: | Pandemic Risk, Nursing Home, Long-Term Care, Saving, Public Policy |
| JEL: | D14 H31 H51 H53 I10 I31 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:132026 |
| By: | Hofland, Maud; Gaspar, Katalin; Boone, Jan |
| Abstract: | Patient cost-sharing in health insurance tends to reduce moral hazard, but the effect may differ between subgroups. For instance, one may expect low-income groups to react more strongly to cost-sharing than high incomes. With the help of a structural microsimulation model, we estimate the response to changes in cost-sharing across gender, age and income groups. We estimate the parameters of our model using Dutch individual-level healthcare data for the years 2011 to 2019. We find an overall average elasticity of approximately -0.11, with considerable variation in elasticities across age groups but only minimal variation across income quintiles or between genders. An increase in cost-sharing causes the largest increase in out-of-pocket expenditure for the elderly. Further, our calculations indicate that the rate of decrease in health care demand as a result of an increase in out-of-pocket payments is similar across all income quintiles. Consequently, our model does not support the notion that the current Dutch deductible represents a disproportionately large financial burden for low income groups. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian mixture model |
| JEL: | I11 I13 I14 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:19918 |
| By: | Guo, Jiahui; Ren, Yongwang; Wang, Xibo; Zhang, Ruohao; Zhang, Wendong; Zheng, Jiameng |
| Abstract: | This paper examines household avoidance behavior in response to drinking water contamination under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). A major challenge in studying behavioral responses to public notifications is that the timing recorded in the Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) often does not accurately reflect when contamination information becomes publicly available. To address this issue, this study combines SDWIS violation records with detailed water testing data from the EPA’s Six-Year Review (SYR) to infer more accurate notification timing for Tier 1 drinking water violations. The analysis links public water system service areas to weekly store-level bottled-water sales data and estimates dynamic responses using a staggered event-study design. Preliminary results show a sharp increase in bottled-water sales immediately following contamination notifications. When notification timing is measured using the SYR generation date, bottled-water sales increase by approximately 40 percent in the week after notification, substantially larger than estimates based on EPA enforcement dates. The findings suggest that inaccurate administrative timing may substantially attenuate estimated behavioral responses in prior studies and highlight the importance of precise notification timing when evaluating environmental information disclosure policies. |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404873 |
| By: | Ferraro, Greg; Brown, Zachary; Moschini, Giancarlo; Perry, Ed |
| Abstract: | Glyphosate, the active ingredient of the herbicide RoundUp, has been subject to extensive scrutiny since the introduction of genetically engineered glyphosate tolerant crops in 1995. However, both a lack of observational studies and continued uncertainty around the toxicity of glyphosate emissions contribute to international political controversy and numerous civil actions at a time when US rural health measures are worsening and youth cancer rates are rising. Recent quasi-experimental studies using genetically engineered crop adoption as a source of exposure variation found glyphosate applications caused deleterious infant health effects in rural US areas, but we are unsure their exposure is truly exogenous. We reassess glyphosate’s effects on infant health using two sources of exposure variation in two-stage least squares instrumental variable approaches for twelve different infant health measures. We first similarly employ genetically engineered crop adoption but using seed sale marketing data, which is a more accurate measure of adoption relative to previous attempts. We then use changes in glyphosate product characteristics from the introduction of generic product types using product sales marking data, which is a novel separate source of variation. We do not find any consistent significant health changes from glyphosate exposure, where estimates are generally precise, pass typical assumption tests, and are robust to alternative specifications. By investigating the association between genetically engineered crop adoption and several rural co-occurring health and agricultural trends, we obtain evidence exposure variation from genetically engineered crop adoption is probably not independent from other agricultural production externalities. While this study provides evidence glyphosate did not contribute to rural health problems from 1995 to 2013, we believe pesticide data limitations, continued glyphosate controversy, and remaining potential for toxic agricultural emissions justifies evaluations of improved environmental monitoring. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404479 |
| By: | Van Sandt, Anders; Carpenter, Craig; Gruber, Anja; Loveridge, Scott |
| Abstract: | Over the past four decades, the U.S. healthcare system has shifted from hospital-based care toward outpatient and community-based services, fundamentally changing where and how frontline care is delivered. Using establishment-level data from the Longitudinal Business Database and American Community Survey (1980–2023), we examine trends across eight healthcare industries. While most frontline services expanded, physician offices declined sharply, particularly in rural areas, alongside a broader shift toward larger, multi-establishment firms. Rural healthcare is not simply declining but being reconfigured into a different mix of services, with greater reliance on outsourced care, especially for capital-intensive diagnostics. Employment-based access remains lower in non-metro counties across several frontline services. Provider presence is closely tied to payer mix, though these relationships are weaker in rural areas where structural constraints appear more binding. These patterns suggest the transition to outpatient care has redistributed access unevenly, contributing to growing geographic disparities and spatial mismatches in healthcare access. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404877 |
| By: | Blanchflower, David (Dartmouth College); Bryson, Alex (University College London); Lepinteur, Anthony (University of Luxembourg); Piper, Alan (Leeds University Business School) |
| Abstract: | A substantial literature finds poor mental health is hump-shaped with respect to age, whilst subjective wellbeing is U-shaped. Recent cross-sectional studies indicate a change in this relationship driven by the declining mental health of the young. We contribute to this literature by re-examining the age patterns in subjective wellbeing and illbeing for individuals in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden). We do so with fifteen waves of the COME-HERE (CH) panel survey for 2020-2025 plus data from the Global Minds (GM) surveys of 2020-2026 for the same countries. We show that wellbeing rises and illbeing declines in a roughly monotonic fashion with age. This is found both with cross-section data from the CH and GM data, and from longitudinal plots of person fixed effects by age in the CH data. |
| Keywords: | subjective wellbeing, mental health, age, despair, panel data |
| JEL: | I31 I38 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18803 |
| By: | Qian, Yuting; Gavulic, Kyle A.; Chen, Xi |
| Abstract: | A documented diagnosis only benefits patients who know about it. Using nationally representative Health and Retirement Study data linked to Medicare claims (1998-2020), we quantify the gap between clinically documented dementia diagnoses and patients' own reports. Among self-respondents with probable dementia and a claims-based diagnosis, 67 percent do not report having been diagnosed-more than double the average underreporting rate for arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, and depression among the same population-and underreporting is highest in the early disease stage, precisely when decision-making capacity is greatest. Underreporting is more prevalent among individuals who live alone, are dually eligible, have less education, and are non-Hispanic Black, and less prevalent among Medicare Advantage enrollees and patients seen by dementia specialists, consistent with roles for stigma, social vulnerability, and provider disclosure incentives. Underreporting predicts lower post-diagnosis care engagement and a lower likelihood of establishing a will or trust, suggesting information frictions undermine the returns to early detection. |
| Keywords: | Dementia, underreporting, diagnostic disclosure, Medicare, aging, cognitive decline, end-of-life planning |
| JEL: | I11 I12 I14 J14 D83 I18 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1794 |
| By: | Lachlan Cameron; Nicole Black; David Johnston; Jane Pirkis; Jemimah Ride; Rita Santos |
| Abstract: | Worldwide, gambling can cause economic and health-related harm to individuals and communities. Policy responses to reduce these harms require evidence on the effects of features of the gambling environment. This study explores whether geographical accessibility to gambling venues impacts suicides. We construct a longitudinal spatial data set with information on the number of gambling venues and suicides in Australian neighbourhoods from 2001 to 2018, and exploit changes in accessibility induced by venue openings and closures. The closure of a gambling venue is estimated to decrease the number of suicides per year in that area by 9.8%. Effects of gambling venues in neighbouring areas are small and statistically insignificant, indicating that the relationship between venue access and suicide is concentrated close to the venue location. |
| Keywords: | Gambling; suicide; gambling venues |
| JEL: | I12 L83 L88 |
| Date: | 2026–08–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mhe:chemon:paper_1785716628268_327 |
| By: | Ben Malinga John (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Souza Emmanuel; Jiaxin Shi (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | -Life expectancy has risen substantially across Sub-Saharan African (SSA), but national trajectories have diverged. Malawi represents a striking case of transformation, moving from one of the region’s lowest ranked countries in 1950 to among its leaders in 2023 despite persistent economic stagnation. We examine how age specific mortality changes contributed to Malawi’s exceptional gains in life expectancy and compares its mortality transition with those of other SSA countries. We use age and sex specific mortality data from the 2024 United Nations World Population Prospects for 15 SSA countries between 1950 and 2023. Countries were selected to represent the highest, average, and lowest performing groups in life expectancy at birth in 1950. We analyze trends, decompose changes using the Arriaga method, and estimate potential future gains from eliminating mortality at specific ages. Results show that Malawi recorded the largest increase in life expectancy, gaining 36.2 years for females and 33.2 years for males. Its mortality decline followed a broadly similar age pattern to the region but with exceptional intensity: between 1950 and 1980, two thirds of gains came from childhood mortality reductions, while after 2000, adult survival improvements contributed nearly half. Malawi’s resilience during the HIV/AIDS crisis and rapid post 2000 recovery highlight the combined influence of expanded female education, large scale donor investment, and community-based health programs. Our findings provide the first long term age specific decomposition of Malawi’s life expectancy transformation in comparative SSA context, highlighting the changing age structure of mortality reduction in the region. |
| Keywords: | Africa, differential mortality, life expectancy, mortality decline |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2026-036 |
| By: | Dean R. Lillard; Joseph J. Sabia; Zihao Sheng; Casey Warman |
| Abstract: | This study explores the effects of COVID-19 school closures on labor market outcomes of Canadian parents of school-aged children. Using newly collected data on grade-level-specific school closures across 141 Canadian cities along with individual-level panel data from the Labour Force Survey, difference-in-differences estimates provide robust evidence that restrictions on in-person schooling reduced employment among partnered mothers of school-aged children by approximately 2 percentage points. For fathers, labor supply adjustments are much weaker and concentrated on single fathers. Finally, auxiliary analyses using administrative tax records provide suggestive evidence that school closures increased public benefit receipt among single parents. |
| JEL: | I24 I28 J21 J22 J30 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35432 |
| By: | Deiana, Claudio; Geraci, Andrea; Mastrobuoni, Giovanni; Weidenholzer, Simon |
| Abstract: | The relative effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, such as lockdowns and work-from-home mandates, depends on whether individuals adjust their social behavior in response to infection risk when policy restrictions are absent. Exploiting geographic variation in COVID-19 exposure during the first wave, three key results emerge. First, we find evidence that areas with relatively high excess death rates during the first wave of the pandemic had relatively low excess death rates during the second wave. Second, using granular mobility data from GPS devices, we show that the same areas saw relatively high mobility during the second wave, which may suggest that the first finding is driven by an immunity effect. Finally, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that scarring, behavioral responses, and immunization may operate with varying intensity across municipalities with different age compositions, yielding observable differences in both second-wave mobility and mortality patterns. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; Intergenerational mobility |
| JEL: | I12 I18 D81 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:20238 |
| By: | Joan Costa-i-Font; Nicolò Gatti; Gilberto Turati; Daniel Wiesen |
| Abstract: | We study the extent to which exposure to COVID-19 relates to healthcare professionals' prosociality. Drawing on empirical evidence from an incentivized experiment and a companion survey of healthcare professionals (HCPs) at a large Italian hospital (N = 194), we find that different forms of exposure to COVID-19 predict their altruistic motivation in heterogeneous ways. HCPs who worked in COVID-19 wards or had a close relative or friend severely affected by the virus are more than 5 percentage points more likely to prioritize patient welfare over personal gain, with the association for professional exposure being mostly driven by female HCPs, especially nurses. Conversely, personally contracting COVID-19 is associated with a 6 percentage point decline in prosociality. Our results highlight that different experiences of need shape prosocial behavior in hospital settings |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, provider altruism, healthcare professionals, medical decision-making, prosocial behavior, experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D64 D81 I12 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12824 |