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on Health Economics |
| By: | Kıbrıs, Arzu (University of Warwick, Department of Politics and International Studies.); Cesur, Resul (University of Connecticut, IZA & NBER); Uler, Neslihan (University of Maryland and University of Michigan); Yıldırım, Sadullah (Marmara University) |
| Abstract: | This research identifies the causal impact of exposure to armed conflict on risk, ambiguity and time preferences and related field behaviors for the average male randomly picked from the population. Our study builds on a natural experiment, engendered by the mandatory conscription system and the long-running civil conflict in Turkey, with a survey design that measures preferences through lab-in-he-field-experiments. The setting we explore allows us to analyze the change in preferences without confoundment by community-level effects of conflict. Results show that conflict exposure increases risk tolerance, ambiguity neutrality, patience and time consistency. Tracing the effects on real life behaviors, we find that while conflict exposure leads to an increase in entrepreneurial activity, it has no significant impacts on risky health behaviors such as being overweight, smoking, or daily drinking. Evidence highlights post-traumatic growth in the form of elevated agency as a novel explanation for the observed changes in preferences. |
| Keywords: | Political Violence ; Artefactual Field Experiment ; Risk Preferences ; Ambiguity Preferences ; Time Preferences. JEL Codes: C90 ; C93 ; D01 ; D74 ; D81 ; I01 ; O17 ; Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wqapec:27 |
| By: | Ayhan Adams; Katrin Golsch |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of child-related absence from work on the income of working mothers and fathers, addressing a significant research gap in sociology and labour economics. While previous research has established that gender and parenthood significantly influence income levels, the consequences of caring for a sick child—a common and unpredictable responsibility—remain inadequately explored. We utilise longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2010-2022) to examine how the accumulation of absence days due to child illness affects income levels and changes in income over four years among parents while controlling for various job and family-related characteristics. Our findings indicate that increased absenteeism related to child sickness adversely affects fathers’ income, aligning with signalling theory, which suggests that absent workers may be perceived as less committed by employers. In contrast, mothers appear to experience less significant income impacts from similar absences, indicating that the stigma associated with absence days may be less pronounced. Additionally, we investigate the role of socio-economic status in these effects, finding that higher income positions do not amplify the negative signalling associated with child-related absenteeism for fathers. Meanwhile, we observed no association between mothers’ income and child sickness-related absence when distinguishing between higher and lower income positions, potentially indicating prevailing gendered expectations in the workplace. The results underscore the need for further research into the socio-economic implications of caring for a sick child and employer perceptions to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of work-life balance and career consequences. |
| Keywords: | child sick care; income; gender; signalling theory |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1219 |
| By: | Francesco Scervini (University of Pavia - Department of Social and Political Science); Serena Trucchi (Cardiff University - Cardiff Business School, Netspar and Masaryk University) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the understanding of alcohol consumption in adulthood by investigating the impact of a specific life event: the transition to an empty nest, when adult children move out of the parental home. Our findings show a significant increase in alcohol consumption in an empty nest, characterised by more regular drinking patterns and a moderate increase in daily intake. The most affected groups include couples, high income individuals, those actively employed, and respondents aged 45-60. We also provide evidence on the mechanisms underlying this relationship, supporting a key role of relaxation and changes in time use. |
| Keywords: | Empty nest, alcohol consumption, longitudinal data |
| JEL: | D1 I12 I31 J14 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mub:wpaper:2025-02 |
| By: | Darwin Cortés; Andrés Gallegos-Vargas; Jorge Pérez Pérez |
| Abstract: | We analyze the effect of adverse health shocks on households' expenditure shares in different good categories using a fixed-effects approach and a structural approach based on microeconomic theory. We find that, on average, households substitute health and food expenditure in response to adverse health shocks. Our estimates unveil substantial heterogeneity in this trade-off mediated by access to social protection, job contract type, and urban or rural location. Households from rural areas --where household heads are more likely to hold informal jobs and lack access to safety nets-- engage in more substitution of food expenditure for health expenditure than others. Our findings suggest that access to formal employment and a higher quality of local institutions can help mitigate the negative consequences of health shocks for households. |
| Keywords: | Health shocks;household expenditure;informal labor;urban-rural |
| JEL: | D12 I15 J46 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2025-03 |
| By: | Joan Costa-Font; Sergi Jiménez; Juan Oliva; Cristina Vilaplana Prieto; Analía Viola |
| Abstract: | Population ageing in Spain is driving a growing demand for long-term care (LTC) services, particularly for individuals with cognitive impairments resulting from neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. While ageing reflects societal progress, it poses challenges for healthcare and LTC systems. In Spain, around 734, 000 to 937, 000 people live with dementia, and cognitive impairment affects 18.5% of those aged 65 and older, rising sharply in older age groups. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2025-03 |
| By: | adiid, hibanan |
| Abstract: | The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is poised to revolutionize diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. However, this rapid advancement raises ethical concerns related to patient privacy, data security, and the potential for bias in AI algorithms. This paper delves into the ethical implications of AI in healthcare, scrutinizing the fine balance between harnessing AI's potential for innovation and safeguarding patient privacy. Through an in-depth exploration of the ethical challenges and regulatory frameworks, this study strives to provide insights for stakeholders in healthcare, technology, and policy domains. |
| Date: | 2023–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:aw6g3_v1 |
| By: | Carla Irissarry (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thierry Burger-Helmchen (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | While artificial intelligence has successful and innovative applications in common medicine, could its application facilitate research on rare diseases? This study explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in orphan drug research, focusing on how AI can address three major barriers: high financial risk, development complexity, and low trialability. This paper begins with an overview of orphan drug development and AI applications, defining key concepts and providing a background on the regulatory framework of and AI's role in medical research. Next, it examines how AI can lower financial risks by streamlining drug discovery and development processes, analyzing complex data, and predicting outcomes to improve our understanding of rare diseases. This study then explores how AI can enhance clinical trials through simulations and virtual trials, compensating for the limited patient populations available for rare disease research. Finally, it discusses the broader implications of integrating AI in orphan drug development, emphasizing the potential for AI to accelerate drug discovery and improve treatment success rates, and highlights the need for ongoing innovation and regulatory support to maximize the benefits of AI-driven research in healthcare. Based on those results, we discuss the implications for traditional and AI-powered business in the drug industry. |
| Keywords: | AI, Research, Orphan drug, Rare disease, Drug discovery and industry, Business, Financial risk, Clinical and virtual trials, Health economics, Development, Treatment success |
| Date: | 2024–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04990197 |
| By: | Mathilde Sage (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)) |
| Abstract: | Does improving widows’ inheritance rights have the potential to reduce fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa? This paper exploits a natural experiment in Namibia to identify the causal impact of a reform implemented in 2008 that improved widow’s inheritance rights on fertility behaviors. I combine pre-reform variations in customary inheritance laws across traditional authorities with time variation, using a difference-in-differences strategy. The results indicate that the reform led to a 24% decrease in the annual birth rate, equivalent to a reduction of one child over a woman’s reproductive life. Additionally, the reform delayed the age at first birth by 5.5 months. I find suggestive evidence that women had more children and at an earlier age as a mitigating strategy against the prevalent risk of dispossession in widowhood. In contexts where the widowhood risk may materialize at a young age due to large age gap between partners and to women’s longer life expectancy, women anticipate the need to have a financially independent child by their 40’s. These findings suggest that protecting widows’ inheritance rights could be a novel, low-cost policy lever to reduce fertility rates and delay early childbearing, addressing major development challenges in the subcontinent. |
| Keywords: | Inheritance rights, Widows, Fertility, sub-Saharan Africa, Insurance |
| JEL: | O12 J12 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2025–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2025004 |
| By: | Mpuuga, Dablin; Nakijoba, Sawuya; Yawe, Bruno L. |
| Abstract: | Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic a lot changed regarding health care financing, both globally and nationally in Uganda. Households faced unprecedented economic constraints and were forced to make hard expenditure choices including whether and how to spend on health care. Relatedly, the number of poor Ugandans increased from eight million in 2016/17 to 8.3 million in 2019/20, but it was still not clear how much of this impoverishment can be attributed to health xpenditure shocks amidst the pandemic. In addition, Uganda has consistently fallen short on living up to the 2001 Abuja Declaration expectations of allocating at least 15% of her national budget each year to improving the healthcare system. The size of the health sector budget has been less than half of the declaration requirement for the past five years (see Figure 1). More precisely, the health sector budget as a share of the total budget and GDP has averaged 6.4% and 1.9% respectively in the financial years 2018/19 to 2022/23. The absence of a national health insurance scheme implies that a huge health care financing burden, is borne by the households who pay for health care directly by out-of-pocket payments (OOPs). |
| Date: | 2024–04–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:54e8cbd1-fcc2-444f-ac47-a176d4ae383f |