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on German Papers |
| By: | Schneider, Hilmar (IZA) |
| Abstract: | Die Arbeitsmarktreformen von 2003 bis 2005 haben entscheidend zu einer bemerkenswerten Trendumkehr auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt beigetragen und damit auch einen wichtigen Beitrag geleistet, das Land besser auf die Konsequenzen des bevorstehenden demografischen Wandels vorzubereiten. Die Schlüsselfunktion kommt dabei aber nicht der Reform der Instrumente der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik zu, sondern den Einschnitten bei den passiven Leistungen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Insbesondere die Abschaffung der Arbeitslosenhilfe hat sowohl für eine Beseitigung der faktischen Frühverrentungsanreize durch die Arbeitslosenversicherung als auch für eine Beschleunigung des Stellenbesetzungsprozesses gesorgt. Für Unternehmen und Gewerkschaften ist es seither erheblich schwieriger geworden, Abkommen zulasten der Solidargemeinschaft zu vereinbaren. Die Verantwortung der Tarifpartner für das Arbeitsmarktgeschehen ist dadurch wieder unmittelbarer geworden, was letztlich einer Stärkung der Marktkräfte gleichkommt. |
| Keywords: | Hartz-Reform, Kündigungsschutz, Zeitarbeit, Lohnstückkosten, Workfare, Arbeitsmarktpolitik |
| JEL: | I38 J21 J22 J65 K31 |
| Date: | 2012–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izasps:sp51&r=ger |
| By: | Gmür, Markus; Ribi, Yvonne |
| Abstract: | Wovon hängt ab, ob es einem Berufsverband gelingt, Mitglieder zu binden und damit einen hohen Organisationsgrad zu erreichen? Eine Befragung von insgesamt 850 gegenwärtigen und ehemaligen Mitgliedern aus den 13 Sektionen eines Verbands mit unterschiedlichem Leistungsangebot in seinen Sektionen zeigt, in welchem Masse die individuelle Mitgliedschaftsentscheidung über den Leistungsmix hinaus durch die Strukturen des Verbands und die damit verbundene Einbindung des einzelnen Mitglieds in die Verbandsarbeit beeinflusst werden kann. |
| Keywords: | Geschäftsführung; Vorstand; Nonprofit-Organisation |
| JEL: | L3 L31 |
| Date: | 2012–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fri:fribow:fribow00432&r=ger |
| By: | Harnisch, Stefan; Buxmann, Peter |
| Date: | 2012–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:59571&r=ger |
| By: | Fertig, Michael; Osiander, Christopher (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "This paper investigates the selectivity of vocational training courses on Germany's labor market. We consider the case of a special program ('IFlaS'), which provides vocational training for low-skilled unemployed. The program aims at alleviating the foreseeable shortage of skilled workers in specific sectors, regions or professions. From a theoretical point of view, investments in persons with low skills are expected to be less promising and to display lower returns than investments in high-skilled workers. Against this background, we analyze the factors systematically determining the probability of participation in the special training program IFlaS. To this end, we use survey data from participants and a control group and combine it with administrative data from the labor administration. The empirical results suggest that persons with a relatively high attachment to the labor market are more likely to be allocated to the courses. Persons with longer regular employment spells or longer duration in the unemployment insurance system exhibit a significantly higher probability of participation. By contrast, receiving means-tested social benefits in the past reduce participation chances systematically. Cognitive and non-cognitive competencies also play a role: Computer skills and a high amount of cultural capital increase the probability of participation. In general, our results suggest selectivity towards 'good risks' in the program." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Weiterbildung, Qualifizierungsmaßnahme, Zugangsvoraussetzung, Bildungschancengleichheit, Weiterbildungsförderung, Niedrigqualifizierte, Arbeitslose, Teilnehmerauswahl - Determinanten, Arbeitslosengeld II-Empfänger, kulturelles Kapital, EDV-Kenntnisse, kognitive Fähigkeit, Ungelernte, nicht formal Qualifizierte, Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien |
| JEL: | J08 J24 J68 |
| Date: | 2012–08–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:192012&r=ger |
| By: | Deeke, Axel; Baas, Meike |
| Abstract: | "Evaluations of the promotion of further vocational training for the unemployed often address the question, whether further vocational training increases subsequent transitions into employment. But in regard of labour market policy the quality of the employment gained is also important. In this report we present an impact analysis of further vocational training which focuses on status mobility. We compare the occupational position before unemployment with the occupational position after unemployment in respect of the level of qualification. The empirical analysis is based on longitudinal data of further vocational training participants and unemployed non-participants from panel surveys which were collected in the context of accompanying research of the IAB on the ESF-BA-Program (supplement to SGB III, German Social Code Book III, from 2000 to 2008 by the European Social Fund). Because impact analyses have so far seldom examined status mobility, we firstly describe findings on chances and risks of status mobility of the recent research on occupational mobility, on labour market and on vocational training in social science. For our impact analysis Methods of event history analysis were applied (Kaplan- Meier estimator and Cox regressions) covering an observation period of up to six years. In a first step the measure for success is the avoidance of downward mobility and accordingly unemployment. Our results show that participation in further vocational training compared to non-participation helped to avoid downward mobility. In a second step the measure for success for the group of former low qualified persons is an improvement of the occupational status in the sense of upward mobility. The results show, that further vocational training had a strong positive effect on the transition probability into the craft specific labour market. The additional analysis of the respondents´ subjective evaluation of the new job compared to the old job confirms the results. Finally we draw conclusions for further research and for the debate on labour market policy." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Weiterbildungsförderung - Erfolgskontrolle, Arbeitslose, Statusmobilität, berufliche Mobilität, Qualifikationsniveau, Stellung im Beruf |
| JEL: | J62 J64 J68 |
| Date: | 2012–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:112012&r=ger |
| By: | Grunow, Daniela; Müller, Dana (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "We assess the relative impact of cultural norms and structural conditions on employment interruption patterns of new mothers in reunified Germany, 1992-2009. During this time, East and West Germany share similar family policies, yet, the regions differ markedly with regard to cultural orientations towards working mothers. Our comparison therefore allows drawing conclusions about the relative importance of structural and cultural factors in shaping patterns of individual behaviour. New mothers who were born and raised in the east, but had their first child after moving to the west provide us with key insights in this respect. We test three cultural mechanisms which seek to explain the distinct behaviour of east-west mobile mothers, relative to their immobile peers: selection, adaptation and socialization. Our results show that eastwest mobile mothers return to work faster than West German mothers, but more slowly than East German mothers. The longer east-west mobile mothers have lived in western Germany prior to the birth of their first child, the more similar they behave to West German mothers. We interpret this as evidence of successive adaptation. In addition we find evidence of socialization-based similarities among mothers who grew up in the eastern part of Germany. These similarities between the mobile and immobile eastern German peers only become apparent after controlling for regional context differences." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Berufsrückkehrerinnen, Mütter, berufliche Reintegration, regionaler Vergleich, kulturelle Faktoren, institutionelle Faktoren, Elternzeit, Elterngeld, Erwerbsunterbrechung - Dauer, Geschlechterrolle, Rollenverständnis, Binnenwanderung, berufliche Mobilität, Lebenslauf, Berufsverlauf, IAB-Biografiedaten, Sozialisationsbedingungen, Ostdeutschland, Westdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland |
| JEL: | J62 J21 C41 |
| Date: | 2012–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:022012&r=ger |