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on German Papers |
| By: | Karnani, Fritjof; Schulte, Reinhard |
| Abstract: | Nur etwa ein Drittel der Ausgründungen aus der Wissenschaft nutzen explizite Forschungsergebnisse. Der weit überwiegende Teil nutzt allgemeine Kenntnisse für die Gründung. Dies ist ein Phänomen, das bisher in der Literatur und in der Praxis kaum beachtet wurde. Der Artikel nähert sich dem Thema durch eine Analyse der Art des transferierten Wissens. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis beruht auf explizitem Wissen. Der Großteil der Ausgründungen nutzt aber nun gerade Wissen jenseits der Forschungsergebnisse, sie gründen im Publikationsschatten der wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen und nutzen Tacit Knowledge (Implizites Wissen) unterschiedlichen Grades. In diesem Artikel wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, wie mit Hilfe von kognitiver Kartographie (Cognitive Mapping) der Wissenslandschaft einer Forschungseinrichtung eine Karte der Verwertungs- und Spinoff-Potenziale konstruiert werden kann. Mit Hilfe des kartographierten Innovationspotenzials kann der bisher in der Gründungsforschung weitgehend auf die potentiellen Gründer fokussierte Blick (Promoter Based View) um die Gründungspotentiale der wissenschaftlichen Einrichtung erweitert werden (Innovation-Capability Based view). -- |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:luebgf:7&r=ger |
| By: | Nikogosian, Vigen; Veith, Tobias |
| Abstract: | In der aktuellen Debatte zur Rekommunalisierung von Stromanbietern wird häufig das Argument der sicheren Versorgung zu niedrigen Preisen von Vertretern öffentlicher Eigentümer angeführt. Während die sichere Belieferung mit Strom im Rahmen der Grundversorgung gesetzlich vorgeschrieben ist, untersuchen wir, wie sich öffentliches Eigentum in der Preiswahl von Grundversorgern widerspiegelt. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass öffentliches Eigentum an sich nicht ausschlaggebend für niedrigere Preise ist. Vielmehr führt eine hohe Eigentümerkonzentration zu geringeren Preisen, unabhängig vom Eigentümertyp. Berücksichtigt man, dass öffentliche Investoren meist vollständiges Eigentum am Grundversorger anstreben, so profitieren weniger wechselwillige Haushalte allerdings zumindest indirekt von öffentlichem Eigentum. Tests auf Robustheit unserer Ergebnisse unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Eigentümer- und Konzentrationsmaße bestätigen diese Ergebnisse unabhängig von der zugrundeliegenden Schätzspezifikation. -- |
| Keywords: | Strommarkt,öffentliches Eigentum,Preissetzung |
| JEL: | L33 L44 L52 L94 |
| Date: | 2010 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:10090&r=ger |
| By: | Fuchs, Johann (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Weber, Brigitte (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "The article analyses how the hidden labour force has developed in the recent past and what role the farreaching modifications ensuing from the labour market reforms of 2005 (Hartz IV) have played. Estimations published by IAB in 2005 are used as a starting point. On the basis of these estimation equations, the hidden labour force was calculated up to 2007 using topical data. Against expectations, the present updated estimations show an increase in the hidden labour force in spite of the labour market reforms of 2005. The labour reserve increased strongly between 2004 and 2005 mainly among young people (under 25 years of age) and German women. In contrast, the number of elderly persons (over 50 years old) as well as the number of German men who were part of the hidden labour force dropped relatively sharply. This surprising growth in the hidden labour force may be caused by several effects: on the one hand the Hartz IV reforms enforced a principle of 'encouragement plus obligations' and were expected to result in a greater number of persons registering at the employment offices - persons, that is, who were capable of and available for work and had so far neither registered as unemployed nor were gainfully employed. On the other hand it is possible that the very negative information on Hartz IV spread in the media caused many people not to register. Moreover, as a significant part of the hidden labour force participates in employment and training schemes, such people are thus already registered and therefore not affected by Hartz IV. Altogether the updated estimations show that alongside official unemployment there is still a considerable hidden labour force of persons who are willing to work. Even after Hartz IV, the 'true' nature of underemployment is still considerably underrepresented by official data." (author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | stille Reserve, Schätzung, Altersstruktur, stille Reserve - Begriff, Nationalität, Beschäftigungsentwicklung, Arbeitsmarktentwicklung, Geschlecht, Hartz-Reform - Auswirkungen, Erwerbspersonenpotenzial, Unterbeschäftigung |
| Date: | 2010–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfob:201011&r=ger |
| By: | Bellmann, Lutz (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Schwengler, Barbara (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]); Kaiser, Nicole (Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany]) |
| Abstract: | "Economic power and competiveness of a region depend to a great extent on the qualification of employees and on the demographic structure and the development of the population, especially because of demographic change and skilled worker shortage in future. This paper analyses the qualification and development of the population as well as the vocational training and further training of employees within the four metropolitan areas Nuremberg, Munich, Stuttgart and Frankfurt/Rhein-Main in southern Germany. Even though the structures are quite different among the metropolitan areas, especially the metropolitan area of Nuremberg will be affected quite hard by the demographic change. However this metropolitan area is very active in apprenticeship training and therefore has a good basis for preventing skilled worker shortage in future. By using different forms of further education it is also possible to strengthen the competiveness of the metropolitan area in future." (author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Date: | 2010–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfob:201012&r=ger |
| By: | Robert Kappel |
| Abstract: | <strong>The Rise of Regional Powers and Shifting Global Relations:Comparing China, India, Brazil and South Africa</strong>A number of regional powers are becoming important international actors and are changing the coordinates of world politics and the global economy. The political and economic shift in favor of these regional powers has been accompanied by the relative loss of importance of the US, Japan, and the EU. The latter countries are increasingly challenged by the economic growth and the geostrategical actions of the regional powers. As the conception of and debates on regional powers have been led by political science, this paper aims to contribute to the discussion from an economics perspective. Based on the discussion of different concepts of economic power—such as those of Schumpeter, Perroux, Predöhl, or Kindleberger—concepts of technological leadership, and the global value chain approaches, the paper develops a research framework for the economics of regional powers. This framework is then tested using descriptive statistics as well as regressions analysis, with a focus on the four regional powers Brazil, China, India, and South Africa. As economic power is relational, the relationship of regional powers to other nations in the region is analyzed. According to the findings, only limited conclusions on the economics of regional powers are possible: a regional power can be described as an economy with a relatively large population and land area which plays a dominant role in trade within the region and in the regional governance. The regional power develops its technological capacities, and its businesses act regionally and globally with increasing strength. |
| Keywords: | Brasilien, China, ökonomische Geographie, ökonomische Herrschaft, ökonomische Macht, Wachstum, Indien, Investitionen, public goods, regionale Macht, Regressionsanalyse, Südafrika, technologischer Wandel, Währung, Handel |
| JEL: | A12 B1 B29 C01 F14 F15 F23 F59 |
| Date: | 2010–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gig:wpaper:146&r=ger |