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on Economic Geography |
| By: | Nils Grashof (University of Bremen); Dirk Fornahl (University of Bremen) |
| Abstract: | In the 21st century clusters can be observed in most developed economies. However, the scientific results regarding the effect of clusters on firm performance are highly contradictive. This inconsistency in the empirical results makes it difficult to infer general conclusions about the firm-specific cluster effect, referring to the effect from being located in a cluster on firm performance, e.g. derived through the externalities within clusters. Therefore, this paper aims to reconcile the contradictory empirical findings. It investigates whether the still prevalent assumption that clusters are a beneficial location for firms is unconditionally true or whether doubts about the alleged positive effect of clusters on firm performance are justified. By conducting a descriptive meta-analysis of the empirical literature, based on four different performance variables from four separate publication databases, the study investigates the actual effect direction as well as possible moderating influences. We find evidence for a rather positive firm-specific cluster effect. However, we identify several variables from the micro-, meso- and macro-level that directly or interactively moderate the relationship between clusters and firm success. The corresponding results demonstrate, for example, that a negative firm-specific cluster effect occurs more frequently in low-tech industries than in high-tech industries. ‘To be or not to be’ located in a cluster is therefore not the question, but it rather depends on the specific conditions. |
| Keywords: | : meta-analysis, cluster effect, firm performance |
| Date: | 2020–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pum:wpaper:2020-01&r=all |
| By: | Filippo Di Pietro (Universidad de Sevilla); Patrizio Lecca (European Commission - JRC); Simone Salotti (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Using a spatial general equilibrium model, this paper investigates the resilience of EU regions under three alternative recessionary shocks, each of them activating different economic adjustments and mechanisms. We measure the vulnerability, resistance, and recoverability of regions and we identify key regional features affecting the ability of regions to withstand to and recover from unexpected external shocks. The analysis reveals that the response of regions varies according to the nature of the external disturbance and to the pre-shock regional characteristics. Finally, it seems that resilience also depends on factors' mobility. |
| Keywords: | Rhomolo, Region, Growth, computable general equilibrium model, regional economic resilience, economic shocks. |
| JEL: | C68 R13 R15 |
| Date: | 2020–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:termod:202003&r=all |
| By: | Mihaescu, Oana (Institute of Retail Economics (Handelns Forskningsinstitut)); Korpi, Martin (Ratio); Öner, Özge (University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | We investigate to which extent shopping centers are drivers of economic development by studying how distance to newly established shopping centers affects the performance of incumbent firms located in the suburbs of the three Swedish major metropolitan areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö) between 2000 and 2016. We use a regression setup with 27,000 firm-year observations and explore the possible heterogeneity imposed on the results from two main elements of spatial economics theory: the size of the new retail area and the distance from the new retail area to the analyzed incumbents. We observe a clear difference in the direction of the effects of large versus small shopping centers. While competition forces are much stronger when large shopping centers make entry, yielding an average negative effect of 5% on incumbent firm revenue and 3% on firm employment, results indicate an opposite pattern for smaller shopping centers, with firm revenue and firm employment increasing by 4 and 3%, respectively. Moreover, we also observe that both agglomeration and competition effects attenuate sharply with distance from the new entrant, confirming one of the central premises of retail location theory. Finally, the results indicate that the geographical scope of the effects is much wider in the case of larger shopping centers, with the estimates becoming insignificant at about 9-10 km from the new entry, as compared to 3-4 km in the case of smaller retail centers. |
| Keywords: | Shopping centers; firm performance; retail location; agglomeration effects; competition; attenuation of effects |
| JEL: | D22 L25 P25 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2020–05–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:hfiwps:0009&r=all |
| By: | Jaime Bonet-Morón; Diana Ricciulli-Marín; Javier Pérez-Valbuena; Luis Armando Galvis-Aponte; Eduardo A. Haddad; Inácio F. Araújo; Fernando S. Perobelli |
| Abstract: | El principal objetivo de este documento es evaluar el impacto económico regional y sectorial de las medidas de aislamiento preventivo ordenadas por el Gobierno Nacional para evitar la propagación del Covid-19. A través de un modelo insumo-producto, se estima la pérdida económica que resulta de extraer un grupo de empleados formales e informales de los distintos sectores y entidades territoriales del país. Los resultados señalan pérdidas económicas que varían entre $4,6 billones y $59 billones por mes de acuerdo con los escenarios de aislamiento considerados, cifras que representan entre 0,5% y 6,1% del PIB nacional. La rama económica de servicios aparece como la más afectada, donde se destacan las actividades de alojamiento y servicios de comida, servicios inmobiliarios, servicios administrativos, actividades profesionales y técnicas, construcción y comercio. Por su parte, los departamentos de Antioquia, Boyacá, San Andrés, Santander y Valle del Cauca aparecen como los más vulnerables a estas medidas. **** ABTRACT: The aim of this paper is to assess the regional economic impact of the lockdown measures ordered by Colombia's national government to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Using an input-output model, we estimate the economic loss of extracting a group of formal and informal workers of different sectors of the economy. Results show an economic loss that ranges between $4.6 and 59 trillion Colombian pesos monthly, which represents between 0.5% and 6.1% of national GDP, depending on the scenario considered. The branch of services is the most affected, where accommodation and food services, real estate services, administrative services, professional and technical activities, construction and commerce stand out for their losses. Moreover, the departments of Antioquia, Boyacá, San Andrés, Santander and Valle del Cauca appear to be highly vulnerable to these measures. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19, matriz insumo-producto interregional, desarrollo regional, Covid-19, inter-regional input-output matrix, regional development |
| JEL: | R12 R15 R58 |
| Date: | 2020–05–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000102:018149&r=all |