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on Economic Geography |
| By: | Calá, Carla Daniela; Manjón Antolín, Miguel C.; Arauzo Carod, Josep Maria |
| Abstract: | We analyse the determinants of firm entry in developing countries using Argentina as an illustrative case. Our main finding is that although most of the regional determinants used in previous studies analysing developed countries are also relevant here, there is a need for additional explanatory variables that proxy for the specificities of developing economies (e.g., poverty, informal economy and idle capacity).We also find evidence of a core-periphery pattern in the spatial structure of entry that seems to be mostly driven by differences in agglomeration economies. Since regional policies aiming to attract new firms are largely based on evidence from developed countries, our results raise doubts about the usefulness of such policies when applied to developing economies. JEL classification: R12, R30, C33. Key words: Firm entry, Argentina, count data models. |
| Keywords: | Empreses -- Creació, Argentina -- Condicions econòmiques, Economia regional, Localització industrial, Països en vies de desenvolupament, Anàlisi de dades de panel, Sèries temporals -- Anàlisi, 332 - Economia regional i territorial. Economia del sòl i de la vivenda, |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urv:wpaper:2072/238220&r=geo |
| By: | Paolo Seri (Department of Economics, Society & Politics, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo"); Tommaso Ciarli (SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes both internal (to the firm) and external (geographical) determinants and obstacles to small firms’ relational and organizational adaptability in mature Italian industries. While presenting a review of the literature accounting for the two dominant typologies of adaptation in Italian mature industries, the chapter emphasizes the lack of systematic analysis on the influences of negative agglomeration externalities on both typologies of small firms’ adaptability. The empirical section distinguishes between district and non-district firms and controls for internal and external determinant to firms adaptabilities. Some interesting results follows regarding the influences played by Italian industrial districts. |
| Keywords: | Regional Structural Change, Firms Behaviour, Cognitive Anchoring. |
| JEL: | R11 D21 D22 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urb:wpaper:14_03&r=geo |
| By: | Miguel Casares (Universidad Pública de Navarra University); Hashmat U. Khan (Department of Economics, Carleton University) |
| Abstract: | Entry rates have a negative long-run effect on US regional growth, which contradicts innovation-based growth models. This puzzle is resolved when a model-consistent specification is estimated using per capita entry growth. Evidence supports the Schumpeterian hypothesis of a positive relationship between exit and economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Entry-exit rates; Per capita entry-exit growth; Economic growth |
| JEL: | O30 O40 O51 |
| Date: | 2014–07–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:car:carecp:14-08&r=geo |
| By: | Vincenzo Atella (Department of Economics and Finance and CEIS Tor Vergata, CHP-PCOR); Federico Belotti (CEIS Tor Vergata); Domenico Depalo (Bank of Italy); Andrea Piano Mortari (CEIS Tor Vergata) |
| Abstract: | Spatial econometric models are now an established tool for measuring spillover effects between geographical entities. Unfortunately, however, when entities share common borders but are subject to different institutional frameworks, unless this is taken into account the conclusions may be misleading. In fact, under these circumstances, where institutional arrangements play a role, we should expect to find spatial effects mainly in entities within the same institutional setting, while the effect across different institutional settings should be small or nil even where the entities share a common border. In this case, factoring in only geographical proximity will produce biased estimates, due to the combination of two distinct effects. To avoid these problems, we derive a methodology that partitions the standard contiguity matrix into within-contiguity and between-contiguity matrices, allowing separate estimation of these spatial correlation coefficients and simple tests for the existence of institutional constraints. We then apply this methodology to Italian Local Health Authority expenditures, using spatial panel techniques. We find a high and significant spatial coefficient only for the within-contiguity effect, confirming the validity of our approach. |
| Keywords: | spatial, health expenditures, institutional setting, panel data |
| JEL: | H72 H51 C31 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_967_14&r=geo |
| By: | Escobar D.; Cadena-Gaitán C.; Garcia F. (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | We apply geo-statistical techniques to find relationships between the geographic location of urban Gas Stations GS and operational features offered by the transport network in Manizales Colombia. This research is built upon primary information collected during a period longer than one year using GPS more than 18 million data points. The methodology consists of i The set-up of the entire urban transport infrastructure network, ii The calculation of the average operating speeds in the links, iii The calculation of the global average accessibility offered by the infrastructure network in different transport modes, iv The calculation of the Spatial Coverage Index, area, population and number of houses covered by the curves of travel time. Graphical results explain the average times invested in reaching a particular GS, and quantitative comparisons between different types of stations are studied. Thus, we establish which sectors of the city are deficient in coverage of this type of activity. The overall results reveal the possibility of reaching a GS in Manizales in an average travel time between 4 and 22 min. |
| Keywords: | Other Production and Pricing Analysis; Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise; |
| JEL: | R32 R41 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2014048&r=geo |
| By: | Paolo Seri (Department of Economics, Society & Politics, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo") |
| Abstract: | The geographical diffusion of universities has been recently incentivized in Europe by the growing relevance attributed to them as a driver of local development and as a source of learning for firms. However, the decision processes about the location of the new universities and the design of their study programs are not informed by any clear scientific guidelines. This paper assesses an aspect of the ‘knowledge impact’ of such phenomena by measuring the additional human capital produced, absorbed and coherently utilized by the local production systems in which the new universities have been created. Since universities do not track the location of their graduates in a systematic way, an original survey was conducted among all the graduates of twelve new decentralized universities in the Marches region. The analysis demonstrates that the geographical diffusion of new universities within the region produces a very small incremental contribution in terms of the overall production of graduates. We found diverging results concerning the specific cases and tested for the determinants of decentralized universities’ effectiveness in terms of their contributions to the local learning processes. |
| Keywords: | University, Knowledge impact, Local development. |
| JEL: | I23 R11 O30 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urb:wpaper:14_02&r=geo |
| By: | Paolo Seri (Department of Economics, Society & Politics, Università di Urbino "Carlo Bo") |
| Abstract: | The existence of strong complementarities between ICT diffusion, investment in human capital and organizational innovations has been recently stressed both by theoretical and empirical literature on industrial organization and economic growth. For many scholars, one of the reasons of the delay of Italian industries in addressing rising global competitiveness and improving productivity can be traced back to the inability to create the right environment for the synergetic coevolution of the three above-mentioned variables. This paper tests the hypothesis that the coevolution within the firm of the three variables, could have been influenced by the belonging of the firms to industrial districts’ environments. In particular it controls whether firms which have made more use of proximity in their activity express retards or even “lock-in” phenomena in organizational innovations with respect to the two other complementary variables. After discussing the issue of coevolution for the three variables and the role that district environments can play for the formation of phenomena of organizational inertia, we test the hypothesis of co-evolution between organisations, ICT, and human resources through a survey of 223 ‘district’ and ‘non-district’ Italian small firms. |
| Keywords: | Coevolution, ICT, Human Capital, Organizational Change, Geographical Proximity. |
| JEL: | R11 D21 O30 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:urb:wpaper:14_04&r=geo |
| By: | Karl L. Guntermann (Arizona State W.P. Carey School of Business); Crocker Liu (Cornell University School of Hotel Administration); Adam Nowak (West Virginia University College of Business and Economics) |
| Abstract: | The accurate estimation of real estate indices is important for many purposes. A common method to estimate these indices is to use a repeatâ€sales procedure. Although this does not require property attributes, this method discards a large amount of sales. This paper proposes a method that can be used to incorporate a significant percentage of these discarded observations without requiring additional data collection by the researcher. We apply our method to the metropolitan statistical areas of Phoenix and Seattle and find that standard errors are on average twoâ€thirds the value of standard errors from a repeatâ€sales procedure in Seattle and threeâ€eighths the value in Phoenix. |
| Keywords: | Repeat sales index, spatial errors, hybrid methods, nuisance parameters |
| JEL: | G11 G14 R20 R21 R22 R32 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wvu:wpaper:14-20&r=geo |
| By: | Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro (Cedeplar-UFMG); Mariana Medeiros Nahas (Cedeplar-UFMG); Rodrigo Ferreira Simões (Cedeplar-UFMG); Pedro Vasconcelos Maia do Amaral (Cedeplar-UFMG) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the spatial distribution of the Leisure Industry in Brazil through the formation of clusters and their association with an indicator of municipal development for the year 2010. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro presented the most specialized Leisure Industry and are the most important cluster. One of the groups is formed mostly by state capitals as well as by municipalities with large touristic appeal. Moreover, in 80% of Brazilian municipalities that industry is incipient or nonexistent. We also observed a correlation between the development indicator and the major clusters. |
| Keywords: | Leisure Industry; cluster; development; Brazilian municipalities. |
| JEL: | C38 L83 R12 |
| Date: | 2014–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdp:texdis:td507&r=geo |