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on Economic Geography |
| By: | Gehringer, Agnieszka; Krenz, Astrid |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses empirically the determinants of firms´ localization in Poland. We use regional data of the sixteen Polish administrative regions over the period 2003 to 2010 to examine which role agglomeration forces and other factors played in explaining the choice to operate in a certain location. Our results suggest that agglomeration economies stemming in particular from the R&D sector, as well as human capital and the infrastructure positively influence the regional localization of firms. Poland´s accession to the European Union had a positive impact for the location decision of new firms in the Polish economy. -- |
| Keywords: | localization,agglomeration economies,knowledge externalities,Polish regions,European integration |
| JEL: | F14 F15 F23 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cegedp:190&r=geo |
| By: | Julio Martínez-Galarraga (Universitat de València,València,Spain); Daniel A. Tirado-Fabregat (Universitat de València,València,Spain); Rafael González-Val (Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we employ parametric and nonparametric techniques to analyse the effect of the changes registered on regional market potential on the growth of Spanish regions during the period 1860-1930. The study of the Spanish experience during these years conforms a case study that allows analyzing whether the construction of new transport infrastructure, as well as the changes in trade policy, that affected the relative market potential of the Spanish regions, ended up shaping regional growth trajectories. In order to carry out the analysis we make use of new evidence on regional inequality patterns in the long term based on recent estimations of per capita GDP for NUTS III Spanish regions (provinces) and an a la Harris measure of regional market potential that takes into account the economic distance between territories according to the changes registered in transport networks, the variations in the actual transport costs and the tariff policy followed over the period. Our results show a clear positive influence of market potential on regional economic growth, particularly along the years 1900-1930. |
| Keywords: | market potential, New Economic Geography, regional growth, economic history |
| JEL: | R0 N9 O18 N64 F14 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:1409&r=geo |
| By: | ALEXANDRE XAVIER YWATA DE CARVALHO; GUILHERME MENDES RESENDE; PATRÍCIA ALESSANDRA MORITA SAKOWSKI |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:179&r=geo |
| By: | GERVÁSIO FERREIRA DOS SANTOS; WESLEM RODRIGUES FARIA |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:192&r=geo |
| By: | TULIO CHIARINI; VANESSA PARREIRAS OLIVEIRA; FABIO CHAVES DE COUTO E SILVA NET |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2013:153&r=geo |
| By: | FERNANDO SALGUEIRO PEROBELLI; EDUARDO AMARAL HADDAD; VINICIUS DE ALMEIDA VALE |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2012:170&r=geo |
| By: | Tano, Sofia (Department of Economics, Umeå School of Business and Economics) |
| Abstract: | This thesis consists of an introductory part and four papers. Paper [I] estimates jointly the choice of whether to enroll in education and the choice of location among young people. Being a particularly mobile group, the location choices of young individuals shape much of the regional distribution of human capital, growth, and local public sector budgets. Applying Swedish register data on nest leavers, we seek to determine factors deciding the education and location choice of young people. The results indicate a systematic selection higher education based on school grades and preferences for locations with higher per capita tax bases and with lower shares of elderly people. The importance of family networks for the choice of location is confirmed. Paper [II] examines how individual ability, reflected by the grade point average (GPA) from comprehensive school affects the probability of migration among university graduates. The econometric analysis applies detailed micro-data of two entire cohorts of young individuals retrieved from the Swedish population registers. The results indicate that individual abilities are strongly influential both concerning completion of a university degree and for the migration decision. In addition, we find a positive relationship between the GPA and migrating from regions with lower per capita tax bases and/or a relatively small share of highly educated individuals. Analogously, individuals with a high GPA tend to stay in more densely populated regions, suggesting a clustering of human capital vis-à-vis school grades. Paper [III] estimates the relationship between migration across labour market regions and the subsequent changes in earnings by using the GPA from the final year of comprehensive school as a proxy for ability. This measure aims to capture heterogeneity in the returns to migration for individuals conditional on education attainment. Using Swedish register data on young adults, a difference-in-difference propensity score matching estimator is applied to estimate income differences measured up to seven years after migration. The results show variation between different ability groups regarding the returns to regional migration. There are indications of larger gains for individuals holding top grades, while the bottom half seems to benefit less, or face slightly negative effects. Paper [IV] examines whether power couple formation and the location choice of such couples are driven by factors already inherent in young people during their formative school years. The paper also extends the analysis by modeling location choice among different sizes of labor market areas, given different power statuses of the couples. Based on analysis of Swedish register data, we produce evidence that power spouses evolve from the population of high achieving school age individuals; the latter is identified by high academic performance during their years of compulsory school. Regarding location choice, the results indicate that power couples display a relatively high tendency to migrate from their regions of origin to large cities. |
| Keywords: | Agglomeration; early markers; human capital; income; interregional migration; individual ability; location choice; marital matching; propensity score matching; regional clustering; skills; university graduates |
| JEL: | I21 I23 J12 J24 J31 J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2014–03–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:0882&r=geo |
| By: | Kroll, Henning; Schubert, Torben |
| Abstract: | It is widely believed that universities exert notable effects on their regional socio-economic environment. So far, much of the empirical evidence supporting this claim is based on case studies. While such studies often give a detailed picture of the contributions of individual universities for their specific environments, almost no figures are available for effects of Higher Education Institutions (HEI) on the macroeconomic or economy-wide level. This paper seeks to fill this gap by using spatial panel-data models in order to identify the impact that HEIs have on value creation and unemployment in Germany. Other than prior studies, we do not seek to identify only direct effects (e.g. demand side effects caused by HEI investment) but we seek to identify the effects in terms of wider knowledge generation. Corresponding with this broad view we find evidence of strong effects on regions' GDP. HEIs contribute to Germany's GDP with 600bn per annum, i.e. about one fourth of the total value creation. 92% of this effect, however, is due to spillovers between regions. Thus the spatial distribution of the effects is rather flat. We also find that while in the short-run HEIs increase the unem-ployment rate, they lower it by on average 3.5% in the medium to long-run. -- |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisifr:r12014&r=geo |
| By: | Matthew A. Cole; Robert J R Elliott; Toshihiro Okubo; Eric Strobl |
| Abstract: | In recent years, natural disasters from Hurricane Katrina to the Fukushima earthquake have grabbed the attention of the public, policymakers and academics. In this paper we contribute to this relatively new literature and examine the impact of the 1995 Kobe earthquake on the survival of manufacturing plants, their post-earthquake economic performance, and the birth of new plants. Using geo-coded plant location and unique building-level surveys we are able to identify for the first time the actual damage to the building where each plant was located at the time of the earthquake. Including plant and building-characteristics as well as district-level variables to control for spatial dependencies, our results show that damaged plants were considerably more likely to fail than undamaged plants and that this effect persisted for up to seven years. Further analysis shows that surviving plants experienced a reduction in total employment and value added as a result of earthquake damage. However, we also find some evidence of creative destruction with the average surviving plant experiencing a time limited increase in productivity following the earthquake. On average, earthquake damage tended to deter plant births, although severe damage in an area appears to have acted as a stimulus to births. |
| Keywords: | Earthquake, natural disaster, survival analysis, productivity |
| JEL: | Q54 R10 R12 D22 L10 L25 M13 C01 |
| Date: | 2014–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipg:wpaper:2014-114&r=geo |
| By: | Elena Lasarte (Dpto. Economía Aplicada); Miguel Angel Marquez Paniagua (Dpto. Economía) |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, spatial effects have been incorporated into mainstream economics. Nevertheless, although the addition of these spatial effects to the inequality indexes would be a natural extension in this line of research, to our knowledge, there are not contributions assessing neighborhood effects in measures of regional economic inequalities. This paper proposes a Spatial Theil index that provides a decomposition of the Theil index that allows us to assess which part of regional inequalities is due to neighborhood features. The proposal is illustrated for the case of the Spanish peninsular provinces during the period 1980-2008. En las últimas décadas, los efectos espaciales se han incorporado a las principales líneas de investigación en economía. Sin embargo, a pesar de que la incorporación de dichos efectos espaciales en los índices de desigualdad sería una extensión natural de esta línea de investigación, hasta donde sabemos, no existen contribuciones que evalúen los efectos de vecindad dentro de las medidas de las desigualdades económicas regionales. En este trabajo se propone un índice de Theil espacial que proporciona una descomposición del índice de Theil que nos permite evaluar qué parte de las desigualdades regionales se debe a las características de los vecinos. La propuesta se ilustra para el caso de las provincias peninsulares españolas durante el período 1980-2008. |
| Keywords: | Descomposición de la desigualdad; desigualdad interregional. Inequality decomposition; interregional inequality. |
| JEL: | C43 C10 R1 R12 |
| Date: | 2014–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ivi:wpasec:2014-03&r=geo |
| By: | L. Garrido-da-Silva (Faculdade Economia do Porto - Universidade do Porto); Sofia B.S.D. Castro (Faculdade Economia and Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto); Paulo B. Vasconcelos (Faculdade Economia and Centro de Matemática da Universidade do Porto) |
| Abstract: | It is known that the discretization of continuous-time models can introduce chaotic behaviour, even when this is not consistent with observations or even the model’s assumptions. We propose generic dynamics describing discrete-time core-periphery models that comply with the established assumptions in the literature and are consistent with observed behaviour. The desired properties of the dynamics are proved analytically in the general case. We also give particular forms for the dynamics for those interested in applying our model. |
| Keywords: | Core-periphery, discrete-time, dynamics |
| JEL: | R11 R12 C62 C63 |
| Date: | 2014–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:por:fepwps:528&r=geo |