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on Economic Geography |
| By: | D'Acci, Luca |
| Abstract: | These pages briefly mention the assumption of indifference between residing in different locations which is embodied in spatial equilibrium. Sometimes, for a person, a pure indifference may result, namely gains and costs (monetary or not) are entirely compensated among locations; but sometimes not, and decisions are made on the basis of an overall gain, which implies that locations are not so indifferent for a specific person, even if they appear in equilibrium from a theoretical point of view. The reasoning ends by proposing the Macro Spatial Equilibrium and the Micro (or Subjective) Spatial Equilibrium. |
| Keywords: | Cities, Spatial Equilibrium, Urban Economics, Personal Isobenefit Lines, Property Value, Location Decisions, Subjective Spatial Equilibrium. |
| JEL: | A10 A12 A14 D1 R0 |
| Date: | 2013–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:48984&r=geo |
| By: | Irina Melo (Lusa, Portuguese News Agency and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE - IUL)); Alexandra Ferreira-Lopes (Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE - IUL)) |
| Abstract: | Despite the very few studies regarding FDI in Portuguese regions - especially regarding its effects - FDI can be an important catalyst for regional economic development and growth. This work studies the existing FDI in the Portuguese regions, analysing its distribution by NUTS III, the sectors in which FDI has more weight in each region, as well as it evolution between 1986 and 2009. Over the years analysed, the results show an increase in the number of firms with FDI in Portugal, although their relative weight remained constant. At the same time, these firms spread to all regions of the country, besides the main economic and services agglomerations (Lisboa and Porto). The regions attracted not only FDI for the sectors in which they have already been specialized, but also for other activities, diversifying the regional productive structure. The increase and diversification of FDI coincided with the tertiarisation of the economy, approaching the totality of the productive specialization of the country, while continuing to focus on manufacturing. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: Regional FDI, Regional Distribution of the Economic Activity of Multinationals, Productive Specialization of the Regions, Cluster Analysis, Shift-Share Analysis, Portugal |
| JEL: | F21 F23 R12 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mde:wpaper:0049&r=geo |
| By: | D'Acci, Luca |
| Abstract: | Environment, history and chance, shape people and cultures, which shape cities, which shape people and cultures, and so on, in a Systemic Retroactive Game. The quintessential essence of Isotropic (or Isobenefit) Urbanism is to solve Systemic Retroactive Game problems downstream rather than upstream and, also, to give a beautiful city to everyone, rather than just to the richer. Spatial Equilibrium assumptions, Underground Hedonic Theory and Isobenefit Lines, are shortly reminded in order to have a better vision of the Isotropic approach. The Isotropic City is the habitat of a virtual future society that aspires to live in a city where each individual can enjoy an equal level of wellbeing and advantage from the urban quality, services and job location. It is shown by a few visionary examples of virtual future societies habitats such as the Ring City (a city without the ‘city centre’, where the ‘city centre’ is all around the peripherical ring, or in a serial of rings), the Homogeneous City (a city where the ‘city centre’ is everywhere), the Annulus City (a city without any geometrical centre in the city) and the Punctiform City (an interconnected net of urban hyperdense ‘points’ throughout nature, parks and lands). Finally I will show some simulations on more realistic cases which could be of interest as support to urban and public policies in respect to a social wellbeing point of view as well as to urban theory such as urban economy (i.e., by the relation between an Isobenefit scenario and Property value), urban morphology (influence of different urban forms), urban sociology (how different location of centralities and amenities give advantage for social life and wellbeing of citizens). |
| Keywords: | Spatial Equilibrium, Urban Quality of Life, Urban Amenities and Centralities, Ideal City, Systemic Retroactive Game, Psycho-Economical Distance. |
| JEL: | R0 R12 R14 R38 R40 R52 R58 |
| Date: | 2013–08–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:48994&r=geo |