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on Economic Geography |
| By: | Daniel A. Tirado; Julio Martinez-Galarraga (Universitat de Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This article offers a new historical dataset of industrial GVA for Spanish provinces (NUTSIII) and autonomous regions (NUTS II). For doing that, a new methodology is proposed in order to estimate historical figures of regional GVA. Traditional estimates of regional industrial output in Spain have usually been based on fiscal sources. These data allowed the estimation of regional industrial capital stocks that were used as a proxy of industrial regional production. Opposite to this, in this article we offer an estimation based on regional industrial factor incomes. In order to carry out the estimation, we have followed the proposals by Geary and Stark (2002) and Crafts (2005). The new estimation offers data of Spanish regional industrial GVA for different years along the period 1860-1930. |
| Keywords: | regional industrial disparities, spatial analysis, economic history |
| JEL: | N93 R12 N94 O18 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bar:bedcje:2008192&r=geo |
| By: | Schleife, Katrin |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the regional dimension of the German digital divide. It considers the impact of regional characteristics on differences in the share of Internet use between German counties. In addition, it studies the influence of regional factors as well as individual characteristics on the individual probability of becoming a new Internet user. Based on two large data sets, SOEP and INKAR, the analyses show that it is not the rusticity of a region itself that explains regional differences in Internet use. The results rather indicate that it is the different composition of the population between rural and urban areas that accounts for the regional digital divide. |
| Keywords: | digital divide, Internet use, regional differences |
| JEL: | O18 O33 R20 |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:7194&r=geo |
| By: | Charlie Karlsson (Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Sweden); Gunther Maier (University of Economics and Business Administration, Vienna, Austria); Michaela Trippl (University of Economics and Business Administration, Vienna, Austria); Iulia Siedschlag (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)); Robert Owen (University of Nantes, France); Gavin Murphy (Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI)) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to review the relevant theoretical and empirical literature to provide a conceptual and methodological background for the analysis of the consequences of ICT use and globalisation on the regional economies in the European Union. We highlight the key aspects of ICT as a general purpose technology, discuss the economic impacts of ICT diffusion from a macro as well as from a micro perspective, and examine the spatial consequences of ICT diffusion. We focus on regional innovation systems and globalisation in order to propose an organizing framework for the analysis of the impact of ICT diffusion on regional development. |
| Keywords: | Technology diffusion, Innovation systems, Globalisation, Regional development |
| JEL: | F23 O33 R11 |
| Date: | 2008–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp233&r=geo |
| By: | William Roy (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat); Yves Croissant (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - CNRS : UMR5593 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat) |
| Abstract: | Recently, some cities decided to divide their transport network into several attractive and accessible parts (this procedure is called allotment) in order to reduce urban transit costs. Gains obtained by introducing more competition for the market should be compared with costs associated with cutting the network into several parts, and this question is crucially linked with the measure of returns to scale. In this paper, we estimate a translog cost function on a panel of French urban transit networks. Our main conclusion is that scale economies are exhausted for a production corresponding to a city of about 200,000 inhabitants and that allotment, in terms of scale economies, would reduce costs for the seven biggest cities of our sample. |
| Keywords: | urban public transport industry, panel data, natural monopoly, allotment |
| Date: | 2008–05–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00122887_v2&r=geo |
| By: | Wang, Lili (UNU-MERIT); Szirmai, Adam (UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides new estimates of capital inputs in the Chinese economy. Estimates are made for the total economy (1953-2003), for the industrial sector (1978-2003) and for the manufacturing sector (1985-2003). The estimates for industry and manufacturing are broken down by thirty regions. The main contribution of this paperlies in constructing hitherto unvailable estimates of capital inputs at the level of Chinese regions. The paper makes a systematic attempt to apply SNA concepts to the estimation of Chinese capital inputs, according to the Perpetual Inventory Method. It makes a clear distinction between capital services and wealth capital stocks. After a general discussion of theoretical issues in capital measurement, the paper provides a detailed analysis of the relevant Chinese statistical concepts and data. It goes on to discuss previous capital estimates in the light of the modern conceptual and theoretical discussions. It ends with an explanation of the procedures followed in constructing the national and regional capital input series. |
| Keywords: | Capital Inputs, Capital Services, Regions, China, Industry, Manufacturing |
| JEL: | O47 R11 |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:unumer:2008028&r=geo |
| By: | Tracy Stobbe; Geerte Cotteleer; G. Cornelis van Kooten |
| Abstract: | Agricultural land protection near the urban-rural fringe is a goal of many jurisdictions, and none more so than British Columbia, Canada, which uses a provincial-wide zoning scheme to prevent subdivisions and non-agricultural uses of the land. A preferential tax regulation scheme for farmers is also in place, as in many jurisdictions. Small scale hobby farmers are present at the urban fringe near Victoria (the capital) both on land inside and outside of the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). The goal of this paper is to investigate whether or not the establishment of hobby farms creates problems for agricultural land preservation. We make use of a GIS (geographic information system) to construct detailed spatial variables and we employ two models to analyse our parcel-level data set: an hedonic pricing model and a limited dependent variable model. The conclusions drawn from the results in this paper would likely apply to other jurisdictions which seek to protect agricultural land in the urban fringe. |
| Keywords: | Hobby farmers, Agricultural Land Reserve, Geographical Information System, urban-rural fringe,zoning systems, farmland fragmentation |
| JEL: | R11 R15 C50 R14 |
| Date: | 2008–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rep:wpaper:2008-01&r=geo |
| By: | Borzacchiello, M.T. (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculteit der Economische Wetenschappen en Econometrie (Free University Amsterdam, Faculty of Economics Sciences, Business Administration and Economitrics); Casas, I.; Ciuffo, B. |
| Abstract: | Since the first appearances of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), transportation science has found in them its natural support, to represent, first, the spatial and, later on, the temporal aspects of transportation networks and infrastructures. As GIS developed so did their use in transportation science, and they became essential not only in visualization but also to facilitate and speed data management, algorithmic operations, and decision making. This paper analyses the contributions and influence of GIS in transport science on the basis of three frameworks: geodatabase, geomapping, and geomodelling, all of which highlight the importance of location. |
| Date: | 2008 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dgr:vuarem:2008-1&r=geo |
| By: | Narayana, Muttur Ranganathan (CIRJE, University of Tokyo and Institute for Social and Economic Change) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at economic analysis of globalization and performance of urban India during the globalization period. India's recent process of globalization is identified with the start of national economic reforms since July 1991. India's degree of globalization, measured by internationalization of trade and capital, is shown to be low at global levels. Patterns of urbanization in the post-globalization period show higher growth and concentration of population, bigger size of organized employment, higher levels of consumption, and lower levels of poverty in bigger class-size cities. Urban economic growth is increasingly contributed by service sectors, declining share of manufacturing sector, and higher labour productivity. These experiences of urban India coincide with global experiences in countries such as China, G7, and Korea. Overall, aggregate economic performance of urban India is positive during the globalization period. Demands of globalization have transformed urban development into national policies and programmes. This implies a beginning for a national policy for urban development in India. |
| Date: | 2008–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2008cf543&r=geo |
| By: | Baltagi, Badi H. (Syracuse University); Blien, Uwe (IAB, Nürnberg); Wolf, Katja (IAB, Nürnberg) |
| Abstract: | In 1994, Blanchflower and Oswald reported that they have found an ‘empirical law of economics’ – the Wage Curve. According to their empirical results, the elasticity of wages with respect to regional unemployment is -0.1. This holds especially for the Anglo-Saxon countries. Our paper reconsiders the western German Wage Curve using disaggregated regional data and is based on a random sample of 974,179 employees drawn from the employment statistics of the Federal Employment Services of Germany (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) over the period 1980-2004. We find that the wage equation is highly autoregressive but far from unit root. This means that this wage equation is not a pure Phillips curve, nor a static Wage Curve, and one should account for wage dynamics. The unemployment elasticity is significant but relatively small: only between -0.02 and -0.04. We also check the sensitivity of this wage elasticity for different population groups (young versus old, men versus women, less educated versus highly educated, German native versus foreigner). We confirm that the wage elasticity is more flexible the weaker the bargaining power of the particular group. |
| Keywords: | wage curve, regional labour markets, Phillips curve |
| JEL: | J30 C23 R10 |
| Date: | 2008–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp3433&r=geo |