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on Gender |
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Issue of 2024‒07‒29
four papers chosen by Jan Sauermann, Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Emanuele Grassi (Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia, Università del Salento, Italy; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis); Marco Savioli (Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Economia, Università del Salento, Italy; Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis) |
| Abstract: | The study investigates the gender wage gap among PhD recipients in Italy, focusing on whether research-oriented jobs mitigate wage discrimination. Utilizing data from the Professional Integration Survey of PhDs, it employs quantile and Recentered Influence Function regressions to analyze wage disparities across the wage distribution. Findings reveal a persistent gender wage gap across all quantiles, with research jobs offering a wage premium that does not entirely close the gap. The analysis contributes to understanding the impact of occupational segregation and job types on wage disparities, suggesting policy interventions to address gender wage inequalities in academia and beyond. The paper highlights the need for further research and policy efforts to achieve gender parity in professional fields, particularly high-skilled sectors like private and public research entities. |
| Keywords: | Gender Wage Gap, PhD Employment, Research Jobs, Wage Discrimination, Academic Labor Market, Quantile Regression |
| JEL: | J16 J31 I23 J24 J71 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rim:rimwps:24-10&r= |
| By: | Brooke Helppie McFall; Eric D. Parolin; Basit Zafar |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates gender gaps in long-term career expectations and outcomes of PhD candidates in economics. For this purpose, we match rich survey data on PhD candidates (from the 2008-2010 job market cohorts) to public data on job histories and publication records through 2022. We document four novel empirical facts: (1) there is a robust gender gap in career expectations, with females about 10 percentage points less likely to ex-ante expect to get tenure or publish regularly; (2) the gender gap in expectations is remarkably similar to the gap observed for academic outcomes; (3) expectations are similarly predictive of outcomes for males and females. In addition, the predictive power of expectations does not differ by the relationship status of the individual; and (4) gender gaps in expectations can explain about 19% and 13% of the ex-post gaps in tenure and publications, respectively. |
| JEL: | J16 J44 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32446&r= |
| By: | Ochenge, Rogers |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of board gender diversity on bank risk. The empirical analysis is conducted using 21 sample Kenyan commercial banks during the period 2010-2022 in a panel regression framework. Two key results are documented: first, that the share of women in Kenyan bank boards is low (sample average of about 19%), although it has made progress, rising from about 13% in 2010 to about 26% by end of 2022. Second, the paper provides evidence that increasing women directors in banks' boards, curtails excessive bank risk-taking and promotes bank stability. Thus, regulators may consider imposing gender quotas in bank boards as a way of mitigating bank risk. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kbawps:297988&r= |
| By: | Miguel A. Mascarúa Lara |
| Abstract: | What are the effects on the labor market and aggregate income of frictions that restrict women's labor decisions that impede labor participation and composition being equal between men and women? To answer this question, I develop an occupational general equilibrium model with heterogeneous agents facing gender-based restrictions in labor participation and job selection. Then, I include an endogenous distribution of the size of formal and informal establishments and workers to replicate the Mexican data. Finally, I use the ENOE to calibrate the model and estimate gender-based frictions in the labor market in states and regions of Mexico and their effect on aggregate income. According to the model, aggregate income could increase by 4.3% without women's restrictions to entrepreneurship and by 32.1% without restrictions to entry and entrepreneurship. In addition, the southern states would witness the largest increases. |
| Keywords: | Misallocation;female entrepreneurship;gender frictions;informality |
| JEL: | J16 J70 O17 O40 O10 O50 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2024-05&r= |