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on Gender |
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Issue of 2023‒01‒02
five papers chosen by Jan Sauermann Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Hirshman, Samuel D. (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Willén, Alexander (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | We examine the response to an exogenous change in the risk profile of an important educational choice – requesting a regrade. We demonstrate how ostensibly gender-neutral policies can generate gaps across men and women because they differ in their perceptions of risk. Specifically, we show that an exogenous shift in the risk of requesting a regrade augmented the regrade request gap by nearly 100 percent. We show that this has consequential implications for students through its impact on their grade points. These findings reveal how gender differences identified in the lab manifest when men and women make real world decisions. |
| Keywords: | risk; gender gaps; educational choices; inequality |
| JEL: | D81 I24 I26 J16 J70 |
| Date: | 2022–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2022_020&r=gen |
| By: | Juan Duran-Vanegas (Department of Economics, Trinity College Dublin) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market outcomes for men and women in Mexico. Using a large longitudinal dataset and an event-study design, I find that the gender differential effect of the pandemic changed considerably in time. While men suffered larger and temporary losses in terms of unemployment, women experienced greater and more persistent declines in labor force participation. By comparing the effects across sub-samples, I show that these disparities in the recovery of labor participation are mainly driven by increased childcare needs and are linked to women being over-represented in the informal and part-time workforce. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19,gendergaps,labourmarkets,Mexico |
| JEL: | J16 J2 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcd:tcduee:tep0422&r=gen |
| By: | Davydov, Denis; Garanina, Tatiana; Weill, Laurent |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of executive board gender diversity on the relationship between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and bank liquidity hoarding (LH). We focus on the Russian banking sector, which, relative to most of the world, has a high share of women on bank executive boards. Using the news-based EPU index developed by Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016) and LH measures proposed by Berger, Guedhami, Kim, and Li (2022), we exploit a unique dataset from the Russian banking sector. While higher economic policy uncertainty tends to increase liquidity hoarding, we find this effect diminishes as gender diversity of the board increases. We attribute this finding to the moderating influence of gender diversity on stability and overreaction in decision-making. Additionally, we find that the channel through which board gender diversity affects the impact of economic policy uncertainty on liquidity hoarding takes place via the hoarding of liquid assets. Our findings are robust to the use of alternative measures for economic policy uncertainty and gender diversity. As women are still significantly under-represented on bank boards in most countries, these results argue for policies to promote gender diversity of bank boards as a means of limiting detrimental effects of economic policy uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | liquidity hoarding,bank boards,gender diversity,economic policy uncertainty |
| JEL: | G18 G21 G34 P26 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bofitp:bdp2022_011&r=gen |
| By: | Maite Blázquez (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.); Ainhoa Herrarte (Universidad Autonoma de Madrid.); Ana I. Moro Egido (Department of Economic Theory and Economic History, University of Granada.) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes gender differences as regards the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor transitions from employment to unemployment, inactivity and furloughs schemes, and the role that teleworking may have had as a protector of job loss in Spain. Based on more than 2,000 types of jobs, we propose an Evidence-Based Teleworking Index that considers the intensity of telework use in a given job, but also reflects the actual ability of firms to adapt to telework. By means of multinomial probit models with sample selection, our results show that the job loss suffered by women during the pandemic has been greater than that experienced by men. The findings confirm that the ability to telework has been a potential cushion against employment losses, but the effect has been mainly driven by males. The shielding effects of telework have been especially relevant in reducing the transitions from employment to ERTEs, while the power of telework to protect against unemployment and inactivity seems to be insignificant, even during the pandemic. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, teleworking, working from home, job loss, gender gap, labor market transitions. |
| JEL: | J64 J21 J22 J71 |
| Date: | 2022–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gra:wpaper:22/17&r=gen |
| By: | Stefania Albanesi; Claudia Olivetti; Barbara Petrongolo |
| Abstract: | Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustrates how the specialization of spouses in home or market production responds to preferences, comparative advantages and public policies. We draw lessons from existing evidence on the impacts of family policies on women's careers and children's wellbeing. There is to date little or no evidence of beneficial effects of longer parental leave (or fathers' quotas) on maternal participation and earnings. In most cases longer leave delays mothers' return to work, without long-lasting consequences on their careers. More generous childcare funding instead encourages female participation whenever subsidized childcare replaces maternal childcare. Impacts on child development depend on counterfactual childcare arrangements and tend to be more beneficial for disadvantaged households. In-work benefits targeted to low-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers' employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this literature takes policy as exogenous, political economy aspects of policy adoption help understand the interplay between societal changes, family policies and gender equality. |
| JEL: | J1 J22 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30685&r=gen |