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on Gender |
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Issue of 2022‒05‒09
two papers chosen by Jan Sauermann Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Stefanie Huber (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores whether and why the pandemic differentially altered women and menÕs consumption behavior. After the 2020 wave of lockdown restrictions were lifted, women reduced consumption more than men. Data on self-reported reasons for consuming less reveals that gender differences in infection risk aversion and precautionary saving motives are small. I find consider- able gender differences in the reporting of affordability constraints and consumer preference shifts. Women report financial constraints more frequently. Men adapted more to the limited consumption possibilities during the lockdown and frequently reported Ònot missingÓ various items as the primary reason for spending less than pre-pandemic. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, gender gap, gender equality, household consumption, consumer preferences, experience effects, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | D12 D14 D30 E21 G50 J16 |
| Date: | 2022–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20220029&r= |
| By: | Michalis Drouvelis; Mary L. Rigdon |
| Abstract: | The provision of social incentives in the workplace, where performance benefits a charitable cause, has been frequently used in modern organizations. In this paper, we quantify the impact of social incentives on performance under two incentive schemes: piece rate and a winner-take-all tournament. We introduce social incentives by informing individuals that 50% of their performance earnings will be donated to a charity of their own choice. Our findings indicate that, in the presence of social incentives, women increase their performance by approximately 23% and 27% in the piece rate and tournament payment schemes, respectively. These effects are sizable and significant. Despite the fact that women also become more confident when social incentives are used, their willingness to compete is not affected due to their general lack of willingness to take financial risks. |
| Keywords: | social incentives, task performance, piece rate, tournament, competitiveness, gender differences |
| JEL: | C92 D64 J16 J20 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9518&r= |