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on Gender |
| By: | Heather Sarsons; Klarita Gerxhani; Ernesto Reuben; Arthur Schram (Division of Social Science) |
| Abstract: | We study whether gender in fluences credit attribution for group work using observational data and two experiments. We use data from academic economists to test whether coauthorship matters di erently for tenure for men and women. We find that conditional on quality and other observables, men are tenured similarly regardless of whether they coauthor or solo-author. Women, however, are less likely to receive tenure the more they coauthor. We then conduct two experiments that demonstrate that biases in credit attribution in settings without confounds exist. Taken together, our results are best explained by gender and stereotypes in uencing credit attribution for group work. |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nad:wpaper:20200044&r=all |
| By: | Aurélie Dariel; Nikos Nikiforakis; Jan Stoop (Division of Social Science) |
| Abstract: | Experimental evidence suggests there is a substantial difference in the willingness of men and women to compete that could help explain the gender gap in labor market outcomes. The use of volunteer samples, however, raises a question about whether self-selection into experiments biases the estimated difference in competitiveness. To address it, we first measure the willingness of 1,145 individuals to compete in a classroom experiment. We then identify among them the subset of ‘lab volunteers’ by observing who accepts an invitation to participate in lab experiments. To test for the existence of selection bias, we compare the gender gap among lab volunteers to that in the population from which they were recruited. We find that selection causes us to overestimate the gender gap in competitiveness by 16 percentage points in absolute terms and, in relative terms, by a factor of 2 to 3 depending on the econometric model. We also show that selection causes us to significantly overestimate the gender gap in risk attitudes and the tendency of low performing men to select into competition. We present evidence men and women select differently into the lab, and discuss the implications of our findings for future research. |
| Date: | 2020–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nad:wpaper:20200046&r=all |
| By: | Ian Burn; Michael E. Martell |
| Abstract: | Sexual minorities experience significant differences in labor market outcomes relative to comparable heterosexuals, with larger differences in earnings than in labor supply. A common explanation of these differences is that they may reflect unobserved differences inmasculinity and femininity in the sexual minority population. We leverage data on personality and behaviors in the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (AddHealth) to test whether controlling for differences in masculinity and femininity through quantitative measures of gender typicality eliminates labor market differentials. While we find evidence that gender typicality does affect labor market outcomes of men and women on average, we find no evidence of a differential effect for gays and lesbians. Controlling for these factors does not affect sexual orientation labor market differentials, suggesting that existing estimates of earnings differentials are not affected by omitted variable bias due to not controlling for gender typicality. |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:liv:livedp:202018&r=all |
| By: | Getik, Demid (Department of Economics, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | Adolescent mental health is key for later well-being. Yet, causal evidence on environmental drivers of adolescent mental health is scant. I study how an important classroom feature - gender composition in compulsory-school - affects mental health. I exploit Swedish register data (N = 576,285) to link variation in gender composition across classrooms within cohorts to mental health diagnoses. The results indicate that a higher share of female peers in one's class reduces mental health, particularly among boys. The effects persist after students' transition to a different high-school class. Peer composition can thus be an important and persistent driver of early mental health. |
| Keywords: | gender; peer effects; mental health |
| JEL: | I19 I21 J16 |
| Date: | 2020–07–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2020_013&r=all |
| By: | Bart Golsteyn (Maastricht University); Cécile Magnée (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies whether sibling gender affects personality traits. We use the idea that if parents decide to have a second child, it is random whether they will have a boy or a girl. Therefore, the relationship between the second-born sibling’s gender and the first sibling’s personality traits is causal. We employ longitudinal data from a large British cohort which is followed from birth onwards. The dataset includes personality traits at age 10 and 16. Our main result is that oldest boys in a household are more agreeable if their next-born sibling is a girl. This effect is robust across age (10 and 16), when controlling for among others family size, and when applying corrections for multiple hypothesis tests. Agreeableness is an important trait in life as it has been shown to correlate positively among others with being employed, having a skilled job, savings, and life satisfaction. |
| Keywords: | sibling gender composition, personality traits |
| JEL: | I20 J12 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hka:wpaper:2020-053&r=all |