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on Gender |
| By: | Dostie, Benoit (HEC Montreal); Javdani, Mohsen (University of British Columbia, Okanagan) |
| Abstract: | We use Canadian linked employer-employee data to examine gender differences in probability, duration, and intensity of firm-sponsored training. We find that women in the for-profit sector are less likely to receive classroom training, and receive shorter classroom training courses. However, we find the reverse in the non-profit sector, with women being more likely to receive both classroom and on-the-job training, and also receiving longer classroom training courses. Our results suggest that women's worse training opportunities in the for-profit sector mainly operate within workplaces. We find no evidence that gender gaps in training in the for-profit sector are driven by lower probabilities of accepting training offers, child or family commitments, weaker labour market attachment, or worker self-selection. We also find that gender differences in expected changes in wages and training opportunities between the two sectors can explain a large portion of women's higher probability of employment in the non-profit sector. Finally, decomposition results suggest that gender differences in training explain some of the gender wage gap in the for-profit sector, which is twice as large than in the non-profit sector. |
| Keywords: | gender, non-profit, firm-sponsored training, linked employer-employee data, gender wage gap |
| JEL: | J24 L22 M53 O32 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11108&r=gen |
| By: | Addison, John T. (University of South Carolina); Chen, Liwen (University of South Carolina); Ozturk, Orgul Demet (University of South Carolina) |
| Abstract: | Job mobility, especially early in a career, is an important source of wage growth. This effect is typically attributed to heterogeneity in the quality of employee-employer matches, with individuals learning of their abilities and discovering the tasks at which they are most productive through job search. That is, job mobility enables better matches, and individuals move to better their labor market prospects and settle once they find a satisfactory match. In this paper, we show that there are gender differences in match quality and changes in match quality over the course of careers. In particular, we find that females are mismatched more than males. This is true even for females with the best early-career matches. However, the direction of the gender effect differs significantly by education. Only females among the college educated are more mismatched and are more likely to be over-qualified then their male counterparts. These results are seemingly driven by life events, such as child birth. For their part, college-educated males of the younger cohort are worse off in terms of match quality compared to the older cohort, while the new generation of women is doing better on average. |
| Keywords: | multidimensional skills, occupational mismatch, match quality, wages, gender wage gap, fertility, fertility timing |
| JEL: | J3 J16 J22 J24 J31 J33 N3 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11114&r=gen |
| By: | Huseyin Guler (Cukurova University); Ebru Özgür Güler (Cukurova University); Yesim Termanoglu (Cukurova University) |
| Abstract: | Self-gift giving behavior has become a phenomenon that spreads day by day. This concept of consumption behavior differs from consumption in others because of emotional dimensions are predominant in the existence of this new consumption conception. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effects of sex and gender identity roles on self-gift giving behavior of people. Just as it is there may be events or situations that lead to person to purchase a gift for himself/herself, sex groups of person or gender identity may also be effective in the consumption. Self-gift giving behavior and the main differences related to the subject between gender identity groups (masculinity, femininity, androgyny and neutrality) are other factors analyzed in this article as well. The purpose of incorporating sex and gender identity concepts into the subject is to be able to explain better what the main reason behind the motivation that drives the person to buy a gift for him or herself is. In this context, a questionnaire is applied to respondents. In the content of the questionnaire, three different Likert type scales are considered to measure characteristics of people, emotions and self-gift giving situations. By doing so, it is aimed to determine the significant factors among the distinction between sex and gender identity that affects self-gift giving. |
| Keywords: | Self-gift giving behavior, sex and gender identity, emotional consumption |
| JEL: | D03 M31 C12 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:5808154&r=gen |