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on Experimental Economics |
| By: | Abe, Makoto (Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | In consumer research and psychological experiments, subjects' states (attitudes) are manipulated by means of stimulus treatment in order to examine the effects of the subjects' states (attitudes) on the target variable. The interest here is not the effect of the treatment (stimulus) itself, but the effect on the target variable of the difference in state produced as a result of the treatment. Therefore, a manipulation check is usually performed to establish the validity of the experimental design, i.e., whether the stimulus produced the intended difference in state. When the manipulation-check variable (state) is directly associated with the target variable, one encounters the problem of confounding that affects both variables. To eliminate this problem, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are used, but two weaknesses exist: first, only a discrete, binary effect of the presence or absence of an treatment on the target variable can be uncovered. Second, the incompleteness of the experimental design, in which the state induced by the treatment (stimulus) varies from subject to subject, resulting in different effects on the target variable, cannot be taken into account. In this study, we propose an approach that can correctly estimate the effect, which relates the manipulation-check variable to the target variable, even when unobserved confounding factors are present. By accounting for imperfections in the experimental design, the effect of the state variable becomes statistically more efficient than the effect of the experimental approach. The simulation analysis confirms that, for the same sample size, our instrumental variable approach is more significant than the usual experimental approach. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:jseres:2025cj312 |
| By: | Paula Scholz (University of Cologne) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how salary differences, gender stereotypes and prior leadership experience influence the willingness to pursue leadership roles. Using a controlled laboratory experiment, I focus on communication and coordination responsibilities of leaders. In the experiment, subjects are randomly assigned to leadership positions in a public goods game in which the leader communicates with and coordinates the team. Afterwards, I elicit the willingness to pay to become the leader varying whether the position comes with a low or high salary. I find that women have a substantially lower willingness to pay to attain the leadership position compared to men if and only if it comes with a high salary. Despite women being equally effective team leaders as men, belief elicitation shows that high salaries shift leadership roles from being perceived as stereotypical female to stereotypical male. This stereotypical perception of associating a highly paid leader with men translates into subjects' willingness to pay to attain the position. Exogenous exposure to leadership roles does not reduce the gender application gap, suggesting that experience alone cannot overcome instilled stereotypes. |
| Keywords: | Gender, Leadership, Stereotypes, Behavioral Decision Making |
| JEL: | C91 D83 J16 M21 M51 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:359 |
| By: | Duk Gyoo Kim (Yonsei University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines a novel mechanism to collectively minimize the production of public bads without the burden of an external budget: a penalty-funded good-citizen lottery. Good citizens are typically not rewarded for their prosocial actions, which weakens their incentives to reduce the production of public bads. This study employs a gametheoretic model in which a lottery awards one good citizen a prize funded by penalties imposed on bad citizens. Under a reasonable set of parameters, the good-citizen lottery decreases the likelihood of prosocial behavior as the population size increases. This result theoretically aligns with the asymptotic free-riding in voluntary contributions for the production of public goods. However, experimental evidence reveals the opposite pattern: the proportion of good behavior increases with group size. This effect is especially pronounced among individuals who subjectively overestimate small probabilities of winning the good-citizen lottery. |
| Keywords: | Lottery, Public bads, Imperfect monitoring, Laboratory experiments |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yon:wpaper:2025rwp-239 |
| By: | Dongkyu Chang (City University of Hong Kong); Duk Gyoo Kim (Yonsei University); Wooyoung Lim (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | In dynamic screening problems between an uninformed seller and a privately-informed buyer, theory suggests that the presence of the buyer’s outside option leads to a significant surplus for the seller. However, this prediction relies on multiple layers of positive selection reasoning. To examine whether participants demonstrate positive selection in their belief updates, we conduct a two-round bargaining experiment with finite price alternatives, which enable us to identify first-, second-, and third-order positive selection reasoning. Few subjects adhere to the equilibrium reasoning, and the majority fail even at the first-order reasoning. Consequently, the seller payoffs fall short of the theoretical benchmark. |
| Keywords: | Positive Selection, Outside Options, Laboratory Experiments |
| JEL: | C78 C91 D03 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yon:wpaper:2025rwp-238 |
| By: | Ines A. Ferreira; Rachel M. Gisselquist; Finn Tarp |
| Abstract: | Knowledge of the factors driving people's views on redistribution in the Global South remains limited. While these societies occupy top positions in inequality rankings, redistribution levels tend to be lower. We combine survey and experimental data from Mozambique and Viet Nam to test whether redistributive preferences vary depending on the source of inequality, focusing on two channels, fairness views and communication. First, we confirm the finding that inequality resulting from differences in merit is more accepted than inequality due to luck or factors outside of individual control. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Distributional preferences, Mozambique, Viet Nam |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-11 |
| By: | Ahmed, Firoz; Hodler, Roland; Islam, Asad |
| Abstract: | Bensch et al. (2025) successfully reproduce all results of our article "Partisan effects of information campaigns in competitive authoritarian elections: Evidence from Bangladesh" (Ahmed et al., 2024), but they raise some issues "that warrant further clarification." 1. They document that the village classification and the sampling strategy described in the published article are different and more refined than those described in the pre-analysis plan. This is correct and not uncommon in large field experiments. The relevant information has long been in the public domain (including during the refereeing process), and there is no reason to believe that these refinements could bias our results. 2. They conduct a novel empirical analysis, which is very different from our analyses, and see a pattern they find surprising. We highlight that their analysis is conceptually problematic given our sampling strategy and the level of randomization. We also explain why the resulting pattern is unsurprising. 3. They provide credible evidence that the map displaying the villages in our sample contains mistakes. We apologize for these mistakes but highlight that these mapping inaccuracies do not affect our results or our interpretation thereof. We conclude that none of the issues raised by Bensch et al. (2025) undermines the validity of the experiment, the results, or the interpretation presented in Ahmed et al. (2024). |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:217 |
| By: | Sinda Kassab; Huan Xie |
| Abstract: | We report a laboratory experiment on dynamic patent races in an indefinite horizon with complete information. In a competitive environment, we analyze the R&D investment behavior of players who are randomly and anonymously paired in each race. We vary subjects’ initial positions as leader/follower or symmetric/asymmetric, as well as the distance between the initial knowledge stock and the target. Our results show that individual average effort is highest for players in a tie position, followed by leaders, and lowest for followers. Starting as a follower (leader) leads to a lower (higher) chance of winning the race. Spillovers realized in the previous round significantly increase players’ investment in the current round. Convergence toward equilibrium play becomes more pronounced in the second half of the sessions. Efficiency loss is significantly higher in races starting from a symmetric position than from an asymmetric position and is also significantly higher in the low treatment than in the high treatment. Nous présentons une expérience de laboratoire sur les courses aux brevets dynamiques dans un horizon indéfini avec une information complète. Dans un environnement concurrentiel, nous analysons le comportement d'investissement en R&D des joueurs qui sont appariés de manière aléatoire et anonyme dans chaque course. Nous faisons varier les positions initiales des sujets (leader/suiveur ou symétrique/asymétrique), ainsi que la distance entre le niveau de connaissance initial et la cible. Nos résultats montrent que l'effort individuel moyen est le plus élevé pour les joueurs en position d'égalité, suivis par les leaders, et le plus faible pour les suiveurs. Commencer en tant que suiveur (leader) conduit à une chance plus faible (plus élevée) de gagner la course. Les retombées réalisées lors du tour précédent augmentent de manière significative l'investissement des joueurs dans le tour en cours. La convergence vers le jeu d'équilibre devient plus prononcée dans la seconde moitié des sessions. La perte d'efficacité est significativement plus élevée dans les courses commençant à partir d'une position symétrique qu'à partir d'une position asymétrique et est également plus élevée dans le traitement faible que dans le traitement élevé. |
| Keywords: | Patent race, absorptive capacity, knowledge accumulation, efficiency loss, experimental investigation, Course aux brevets, capacité d'absorption, accumulation de connaissances, perte d'efficacité, enquête expérimentale |
| Date: | 2025–04–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-08 |
| By: | John List |
| Abstract: | A discussion on how ChatGPT can be used to help design experiments that can be scaled. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feb:natura:00817 |
| By: | Jaroslaw Kornowicz (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | This study empirically examines the "Evaluative AI" framework, which aims to enhance the decision-making process for AI users by transitioning from a recommendation-based approach to a hypothesis-driven one. Rather than offering direct recommendations, this framework presents users pro and con evidence for hypotheses to support more informed decisions. However, findings from the current behavioral experiment reveal no significant improvement in decision-making performance and limited user engagement with the evidence provided, resulting in cognitive processes similar to those observed in traditional AI systems. Despite these results, the framework still holds promise for further exploration in future research. |
| Keywords: | explainable AI, human-computer interaction, human-ai interaction, decision support system |
| JEL: | C91 D81 C88 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:134 |
| By: | Heijmans, Roweno J.R.K. (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Suetens, Sigrid (Dept. of Economics, CentER, Tilburg University) |
| Abstract: | We use experiments to systematically test the performance of subsidies aimed at inducing efficient coordination in a coordination game. We consider two classes of policies: those based on divide-and-conquer (i.e. iterated dominance) and those making the efficient Nash equilibrium of the game risk dominant. Cost-efficient policies from both classes are equally expensive but differ in the distribution of subsidies among agents. Our results show that risk dominance subsidies increase coordination more effectively or at a lower cost than divide-and-conquer subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Coordination; policy design; divide-and-conquer; risk dominance; experiment; contracting with externalities |
| JEL: | C70 C90 D04 H20 |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2025_009 |
| By: | Jaschke, Philipp (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Auer, Daniel (Collegio Carlo Alberto, University of Mannheim); Hunkler, Christian (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Salikutluk, Zerrin (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und German Centre for Integration and Migration Research, DeZIM); Sprengholz, Maximilian (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Kubis, Alexander (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "Members of certain minority groups are disadvantaged in different areas of society, such as the labor and housing market and the healthcare system. This is referred to as discrimination if people are disadvantaged solely based on their group membership (e.g., ethnic background or religious affiliation), even though the objective matching criteria are equal, e.g., regarding qualifications. In this research report, we analyze the recruitment chances of immigrants and members of religious minorities using a vignette experiment. For this purpose, we recontacted around 10, 000 firms that had already taken part in the large-scale and representative IAB Job-Vacancy-Survey 1.5 years ago. Consequently, the follow-up survey as part of our study was very brief, requiring little additional effort by firms, as extensive information on a wide range of relevant information was already collected from their previous participation. This may explain the high response rate to our experiment of almost 50 percent. The analyses in this report are based on the responses of 4, 883 firms. Vignette experiments are particularly suited to causally study determinants of hiring prospects because by collecting employers’ assessment on sufficiently many vignettes (with randomized applicants’ characteristics), they provide a controlled setting to account for all relevant applicant characteristics. Even though vignettes describe fictitious situations, experiment results have been shown to provide high congruence with real decision-making. We provided firms with descriptions of fictitious job applicants, randomly varying, among other traits (such as job experience, language proficiency), origin countries (Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, Russia with “is German” as baseline) and religious affiliation (Christian and Muslim compared to a baseline without religious signal). Holding qualifications constant, on average, we do not find lower hiring probabilities for applicants born abroad compared to German applicants. However, our results provide strong evidence of anti-Muslim labor market discrimination in Germany. This effect is driven by applicants from predominantly Muslim countries (Syria and Turkey in our case), which confirms previous results in the literature according to which discrimination against Muslims originating from countries that are generally perceived as more authoritarian and gender unequal is stronger. This is alarming given that – unlike in our vignette experiment – people in Germany born abroad are much more often Muslim than German-born people (almost a quarter compared to less than 2 percent). Looking at further applicants’ characteristics, we find strong evidence in favor of the so-called ‘motherhood penalty’, according to which females are hired less frequently than males if they have children. Moreover, human capital can, at least partially, alleviate foreign applicants' hiring disadvantages: Applicants born abroad benefit from higher levels of German language skills and from professional experience – particularly if obtained in Germany. Regarding firm characteristics, small firms, firms operating in the primary and secondary sector, and firms that do not hire internationally discriminate more. Most relevant for policy, firms facing labor shortages only increase hiring chances for advantaged applicant groups (German applicants and males) but not for disadvantaged groups. These results suggest that firms in Germany do not consider recruiting from traditionally disadvantaged groups – even if equally qualified – as a way to overcome often lamented labor shortages. A list experiment conducted with firms in parallel cross-validates that a significant proportion of firms in Germany discriminate against refugees and Muslims. Taken together, our results provide multiple avenues for policy action." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Auswirkungen ; Benachteiligung ; berufliche Integration ; Berufserfahrung ; Diskriminierung ; Einwanderer ; Frauen ; Kleinbetrieb ; Minderheiten ; Muslime ; Personaleinstellung ; primärer Sektor ; IAB-Stellenerhebung ; IAB-Stellenerhebung ; sekundärer Sektor ; Sprachkenntnisse ; Arbeitsmarktchancen ; 2023-2023 |
| Date: | 2025–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfob:202506 |
| By: | Gelden, Victoria |
| Abstract: | Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of eye gaze. through a well-established gaze tracking method in psychology. The study of economic decision making. The purpose is to find Behavioral insights that are not basedly available Based only on observed choice data. At the same time, the opposite with expensive and complex procedures such as fMRI; Eye-tracking allows subjects to be tested under certain conditions. Standard tests showed similar conditions. Behavioral experiments. |
| Date: | 2023–05–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:h6stv_v1 |
| By: | Philipp Sternal |
| Abstract: | A growing number of studies suggest that individuals are cynical about others’ behavior. But these findings often rely on self-reported rather than actual behavior as benchmark. A well-documented limitation of self-reports is their tendency to overstate good behavior. I introduce a simple, portable test to assess the extent to which inattention to others’ potential misreporting drives apparently cynical beliefs about stated behavior. Drawing people’s attention to the possibility of misreporting in self-reports increases beliefs about others’ stated desirable climate and health behaviors by an average of 0.33 standard deviations, substantially reducing apparent cynicism. |
| Keywords: | Misperception, social desirability, attention |
| JEL: | C90 D83 D91 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zur:econwp:465 |
| By: | Adamus, Magdalena (Slovak Academy of Sciences); Mikušková, Eva Ballová (Slovak Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – Following Goldberg ’ s paradigm, this study aims to investigate whether women and men are at risk of differential treatment by HR professionals in recruitment and dismissal processes and focuses on the impact of exogenous factors, such as discrimination and gender norms. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 155 individuals with experience as HR professionals participated in a randomised vignette study. In Task 1, they evaluated three applicants (all three either men or women) for the post of regional sales manager based on the applicant's competences, hireability, likeability and proposed salary. In Task 2, participants were asked to select one of the six employees for dismissal and provide a rationale for their choice. Findings – In Task 1, female applicants were offered significantly lower salaries than male applicants. In addition, average and low-performing male applicants were assessed as less likeable than identical females. In Task 2, the willingness to dismiss increased when employees with frequent absences were presented as men. Originality/value – By involving a sample of HR professionals, the study contributes to the literature and practice by highlighting the differential treatment of women and men in the labour market. While women are likelyto experience direct discrimination in the form of significantly lower pay offers, men may suffer a backlash due to lower educational attainment and absenteeism. The findings suggest that the labour market situation for women is complex and affected by norms and expectations requiring men to behave in a masculine and career-oriented way. |
| Date: | 2023–07–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:4y6uc_v1 |
| By: | Taisuke Imai; Séverine Toussaert; Aurélien Baillon; Anna Dreber; Seda Ertaç; Magnus Johannesson; Levent Neyse; Marie Claire Villeval |
| Abstract: | The open science movement has gained significant momentum over the past decade, with pre-registration and the use of pre-analysis plans being central to ongoing debates. Combining observational evidence on trends in adoption with survey data from 519 researchers, this study examines the adoption of pre-registration (potentially but not necessarily including pre-analysis plans) in experimental economics. Pooling statistics from 19 leading journals published between 2017 and 2023, we observe that the number of papers containing a pre-registration grew from seven per year to 190 per year. Our findings indicate that pre-registration has now become mainstream in experimental economics, with two-thirds of respondents expressing favorable views and 86% having pre-registered at least one study. However, opinions are divided on the scope and comprehensiveness of pre-registration, highlighting the need for clearer guidelines. Researchers assign a credibility premium to pre-registered tests, although the exact channels remain to be understood. Our results suggest growing support for open science practices among experimental economists, with demand for professional associations to guide researchers and reviewers on best practices for pre-registration and other open science initiatives. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1283 |
| By: | Hwang, Minho; Chung, Dongil |
| Abstract: | Classical decision theory assumes a central valuation system in which the brain encodes subjective values-or utilities-for all available options in a given choice set, regardless of how different the options are (common currency). Garcia et al. (2023) pointed out that although there has been experimental evidence for differential properties between experience-based (experiential) and description-based (symbolic) choices, the alternative possibility suggesting the existence of separate valuation systems for each modality has not been directly assessed. The authors reported empirical results supporting the alternative hypothesis that participants recruit different valuation systems for each modality. Here, we reproduced the results of this original paper and performed robustness checks. Overall, we reproduced most of the statistical results and model-based results of the original study. We employed two additional methods to test the robustness of the computational modeling used in the original study: parameterrecovery using the scripts shared by the authors and parameter estimations using different model fitting methods (maximum log-likelihood estimation (MLE) and hierarchical Bayesian estimation). Our parameter-recovery method successfully recovered most of the original model parameters, estimated from choice between experiential and symbolic values (ES phase) and between two experiential values (EE phase). Through consecutive analyses, including alternative parameter estimation methods, we confirmed that the issue does not compromise the original study's conclusions, and that all results directly related to the main conclusion (i.e., indifference points) are reproducible." |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:215 |
| By: | Jana Kim Gutt (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | When conducting performance appraisals, evaluators largely depend on their subjective perception. This makes performance appraisals particularly vulnerable to biases, especially along the lines of warmth and competence – the two primary dimensions of social judgment. Warmth reflects the ability to build and maintain social relationships, while competence refers to achieving goals and completing tasks. Although both dimensions have been extensively studied in the past, there is limited understanding of how they influence observation-based assessments, particularly in relation to the evaluation format and the impact of the rater and ratee gender. To address this gap, the study employs a laboratory experiment to investigate how warmth- and competence-related behaviors in a task setting translate into performance appraisals, namely numerical ratings, written comments, and spoken comments. The evaluation comments are converted into numerical ratings using a machine learning algorithm, which allows for comparison with the assigned numerical ratings. Findings reveal that the consideration of warmth and competence depends not only on the appraisal format but also on the rater (evaluator) and ratee (task-solver) gender. This study enhances the understanding of how evaluations differ across formats and examines the role of gender in shaping perceptions of warmth and competence. |
| Keywords: | performance appraisal, evaluation formats, social judgment, machine learning, gender stereotypes, quantitative text analysis |
| JEL: | J24 M51 D91 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:131 |
| By: | Leonardo Bursztyn (University of Chicago & NBER); Rafael Jiménez-Durán (Bocconi University, IGIER & Chicago Booth Stigler Center); Aaron Leonard (University of Chicago); Filip Milojević (University of Chicago); Christopher Roth (University of Cologne, NHH, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, IZA & CEPR) |
| Abstract: | Firms can increase the demand for their products and consolidate their market power not only by increasing user utility but also by decreasing non-user utility. In this paper, we examine this mechanism by considering the case of smartphones. In particular, Apple has faced criticism for allegedly degrading the Android user experience by making messages to Android devices appear as green bubbles on iPhones—a salient signal often perceived as reflecting a lower socioeconomic status. Using samples of US college students, we show that green bubbles are widely stigmatized and that a majority of both iPhone and Android users would prefer green bubbles to no longer exist. We then conduct an incentivized deactivation experiment, revealing that iPhone users have a significant willingness to pay to prevent their messages from appearing as green bubbles on other iPhones. Next, we examine the market implications of non-user utility and find that respondents are substantially more likely to choose an Android over an iPhone when green bubbles are removed. We conclude by presenting case studies that illustrate how companies use product features to reduce non-user utility in various markets. |
| Keywords: | Non-user utility, Stigma, Market Power, Consumer Welfare, Anti-trust. |
| JEL: | D83 D91 P16 J15 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:360 |
| By: | Jana Kim Gutt (Paderborn University); Kirsten Thommes (Paderborn University); Miro Mehic (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | Performance appraisals are subject to recent debates with one common denominator: most discussions point to their lack of accuracy. In theory, performance appraisals aim to reflect an employee’s performance over a certain period of time. However, recent research shows that appraisals fall short in reaching this goal. Although many studies acknowledge the benefits of performance comments over ratings on a scale, research has paid little attention to the potential of performance comments to achieve higher accuracy in performance evaluations. To approach this issue, we conducted a laboratory experiment and collected objective performance data as well as numerical and verbal performance appraisals. In particular, we compile numerical ratings, written comments, and spoken comments on performance from independent evaluators. To make the numbers (assigned ratings) and the comments comparable, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to transfer the comments into numerical ratings (algorithmic ratings). By analyzing each rating (assigned and algorithmic) in relation to the performance, we find evidence that spoken comments reflect performance differences most accurately within a team. Our results offer important insights into how performance appraisals may be approached to reflect objective performance more accurately. |
| Keywords: | performance appraisal, rating accuracy, rating format, performance appraisal comment, rating scale |
| JEL: | J24 M51 D91 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:132 |
| By: | Rute Martins Caeiro; Rachel Sabates-Wheeler; Patricia Justino |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of social protection in mitigating the adverse effects of conflict on household welfare. We assess the impact of a graduation intervention linked to Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Programme, focusing on Amhara, a region severely affected by the Tigray conflict. Using data from a large randomized controlled trial and panel surveys conducted before and after the conflict, we evaluate the effectiveness of social protection in conflict settings. Our estimation strategy leverages variation in conflict exposure combined with exogenous programme participation. |
| Keywords: | Conflict, Social protection, social safety nets, Poverty, Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-9 |
| By: | Bellmann, Lisa (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Gürtzgen, Nicole (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Hensgen, Sophie (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Kohaut, Susanne (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Kubis, Alexander (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Oberfichtner, Michael (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Pirralha, André (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "Establishment surveys provide valuable data for research, policy advice, and official statistics. Their scope ranges from providing panel data for international research to providing quarterly data to Eurostat within weeks after the end of each quarter. Recent crises increased the importance of promptly gathering and making available relevant information from an establishment perspective. To meet these diverse demands, the IAB conducts two long-standing, large-scale establishment surveys – the IAB Establishment Panel and the IAB Job Vacancy Survey. As part of the BMAS-funded project “Promoting Innovative Approaches to Strengthen Data Infrastructure and Methods”, the IAB is conducting the “Feasibility Study for the Advancement of Establishment Surveys at the IAB”. This report, prepared for the BMAS, presents preliminary results addressing the project's two key questions. First, can the existing surveys (the IAB Job Vacancy Survey and the IAB Establishment Panel) be extended with high-frequency elements? Second, is it feasible to integrate the two surveys into a single survey? The findings in this report are not yet conclusive, as the project will continue beyond the BMAS-funded phase. Regarding the integration of both surveys into one survey, different approaches were and will be examined as a part of the project. Key conditions for integration include maintaining a panel survey of establishments, fulfilling data delivery obligations to Eurostat, collecting information on hiring processes, and providing relevant data at a higher frequence than annually. Regarding the integration of high-frequency elements, experiments were conducted in both surveys to assess the impact of high-frequency elements, particularly on expected response rates. The IAB Establishment Panel implemented an additional mid-year telephone survey in 2024 between the main surveys of 2023 and 2024. This addition tests establishments’ willingness to participate in additional surveys and the feasibility of such an approach. Only random subsets of first-time and repeat participants were invited to uncover the mid-year survey’s impact on future response rates. The initial results indicate that a mid-year survey of this scale is feasible. However, only a relatively small proportion of establishments agreed to be contacted for additional surveys. Among the contacted establishments, the actual response rate met expectations. Further analysis will examine the effect of the mid-year survey on future participation. The IAB Job Vacancy Survey regularly conducts quarterly follow-up surveys. Within these follow-up surveys, a survey experiment was conducted to test the introduction of additional high-frequency questions and the impact of longer questionnaires on response rates. The experiment split participants into two groups, one receiving a 2-page questionnaire and the other a 4-page version. The results showed no significant differences in response rates between the groups or compared to the status quo (a 1-page questionnaire). However, regarding response burden, the 2-page version seemed slightly better at maintaining long-term participation without increasing respondent strain. Long-term effects on response rates will be examined further. The preliminary results from both experiments jointly suggest that extending both establishment surveys with high-frequency elements is feasible. However, final results on the impact on response rates are still pending. Regarding the integration of both surveys into one survey, a rotating panel approach was evaluated, dividing the annual panel sample into four subsamples surveyed quarterly. This approach could enable more frequent data collection while providing an attractive panel dataset for research. Data delivery obligations to Eurostat can be met with this approach, though doing so would require specially tailored extrapolation methods. While integrating the questionnaires from the two surveys is generally feasible, some previously collected content would have to be omitted or collected less frequently. A rotating panel would also demand significantly more resources, both financial and human, compared to the current IAB Establishment Panel. Moving from the current surveys to a rotating panel does not seem feasible without creating breaks in existing time-series." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Betriebsbefragung ; Datengewinnung ; Datenqualität ; Fragebogen ; Hochrechnung ; IAB-Betriebspanel ; IAB-Betriebspanel ; Integration ; Kooperationsbereitschaft ; Panel ; Antwortverhalten ; IAB-Stellenerhebung ; IAB-Stellenerhebung ; Stichprobe ; 2023-2024 |
| Date: | 2025–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfob:202502 |
| By: | Adler, Matthew; Ferranna, Maddalena; Hammitt, James K.; de Laubier, Eugénie; Treich, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | The fair innings principle states that fairness requires allocating life-saving treatments to younger rather than older patients when each would gain the same extension in longevity. It is motivated by the notion that older patients have already benefited from a longer life and so have less claim to scarce treatment resources than younger patients who have not yet lived their “fair innings.” The principle can be theoretically justified by a prioritarian social welfare function applied to lifetime wellbeing. We conducted an online survey to test whether there is support for the principle in the general population (in France). We find substantial but not universal support. When choosing to allocate a treatment that would provide the same life extension to an older or a younger patient, about one-half the respondents would allocate the treatment to the younger patient while about one-third are indifferent to which patient is treated and about one-fifth would allocate treatment to the older patient. Holding the life extension to the older patient fixed, decreasing the life extension to the younger patient decreases (increases) the fraction of respondents that would allocate treatment to the younger (older) patient. These results highlight the tension between principles of equal treatment and of giving priority to those who are worse off that confound healthcare policy. |
| Keywords: | Fair innings; life saving; prioritarianism; health; ethical preferences; questionnaire study; Covid-19 |
| JEL: | D61 D63 H4 I18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130472 |