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on Evolutionary Economics |
| By: | Michalopoulos, Stelios; Naghavi, Alireza; Prarolo, Giovanni |
| Abstract: | This study explores the interaction between trade and geography in shaping the Islamic economic doctrine. We build a model where an unequal distribution of land quality in presence of trade opportunities conferred differential gains from trade across regions, fostering predatory behavior by groups residing in the poorly endowed territories. We show that in such an environment it was mutually beneficial to institute an economic system of income redistribution featuring income transfers in return for safe passage to conduct trade. A commitment problem, however, rendered a merely static redistribution scheme unsustainable. Islam developed a set of dynamic redistributive rules that were self-enforcing, in regions where arid lands dominated the landscape. While such principles fostered the expansion of trade within the Muslim world they limited the accumulation of wealth by the commercial elite, shaping the economic trajectory of Islamic lands in the pre-industrial era. |
| Keywords: | conflict; geography; inequality and land quality; Islam; public good investment; religion; trade; wealth accumulation |
| JEL: | F10 O10 O13 O16 O17 O18 Z12 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:10843&r=all |
| By: | Gilles Pison (INED) |
| Abstract: | Every other year, Population and Societies publishes a special issue called The Population of the World, presenting an overall picture of the situation across the globe. There were around 7.3 billion humans on the planet in 2015. The world population has risen seven-fold over the last two hundred years and may well reach 11 billion by the end of the twenty-first century. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idg:posoce:525&r=all |
| By: | Moghadam, Hamed M. |
| Abstract: | A recent paper of Carvajal, Deb, Fenske, and Quah (Econometrica 2013) applies the revealed preference approach in the context of a quantity competition oligopoly game. This paper aims to present a different solution concept for an evolutionary model in the asymmetric oligopoly setup where firms have different cost functions to produce a homogenous good. Then, using the approach introduced by Carvajal et al. (2013), we derive the testable conditions of the evolutionary oligopoly model. Therefore, contrary to the typical empirical literature in IO, without making any parametric assumption regarding to the demand curve and the cost function, this nonparametric approach characterizes a set of conditions (restrictions) on observational dataset to be consistent with evolutionary oligopoly model. An empirical application to the oil market with OPEC producers and Non-OPEC producers is presented and we compare the rejection rates of both Cournot and evolutionary hypotheses. |
| Abstract: | In einem jüngst veröffentlichten Artikel wenden Carvajal, Deb, Fenske und Quah (Econometrica 2013) den Ansatz der offenbarten Präferenzen im Rahmen eines Cournot-Oligopols an. Dieser Aufsatz soll ein anderes Lösungskonzept für ein evolutionäres Modell eines asymmetrischen Oligopols präsentieren, wo Unternehmen über verschiedene Kostenfunktionen verfügen, um ein homogenes Gut zu produzieren. Mithilfe des Ansatzes von Carvajal et al. (2013) leiten wir anschließend die testbaren Bedingungen des evolutionären Oligopol-Modells ab. Entgegen der typischen empirischen Literatur in IO, das heißt ohne eine parametrische Annahme bezüglich der Nachfragekurve und der Kostenfunktion, charakterisiert dieser nichtparametrische Ansatz daher eine Reihe von Bedingungen (Einschränkungen) für beobachtete Datensätze, um sie mit einem evolutionären, oligopolistischen Modell in Einklang zu bringen. Eine empirische Anwendung auf den Ölmarkt mit OPEC-Produzenten und nicht-OPEC-Produzenten wird präsentiert und wir vergleichen die Hypothesen des Cournot-Modells und des evolutionären Modells hinsichtlich ihrer Ablehnungsraten. |
| Keywords: | evolutionary oligopoly,observable restrictions,non-parametric test,oil market |
| JEL: | C73 D22 D43 |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:576&r=all |
| By: | Ariel BenYishay, Pauline Grosjean, Joseph Vecci Author-1-Name-First: Ariel Author-1-Name-Last: BenYishay Author-2-Name-First: Pauline Author-2-Name-Last: Grosjean Author-3-Name-First: Joseph Author-3-Name-Last: Vecci Corresponding Author-Email: p.grosjean@unsw.edu.au Author-1-Workplace-Name: College of William and Mary Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Economics, UNSW Author-3-Workplace-Name: Monash University |
| Abstract: | Reef density predicts the prevalence of matriliny in a sample of 186 societies across the world and in a sample of 59 small-scale horticultural fishing communities in the Solomon Islands. We show that this result holds even controlling for common descent by relying on variation within ethno-linguistic groups in our Melanesian micro-sample, where matriliny is ancestral. Reef density explains as much as 20% of the variation in inheritance rule across villages in the Solomon Islands. We thereby establish that reef density and, indirectly, reliance on fishing, is a robust predictor of the persistence of matrilineal inheritance. Explanations based on the sexual division of labor and on inclusive fitness arguments support our results. We also document some of the demographic consequences of matrilineal inheritance, including smaller household and village population siz. |
| Keywords: | Matrilineal inheritance, marine resources |
| JEL: | O13 O56 Z13 |
| Date: | 2015–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:swe:wpaper:2015-21&r=all |