|
on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg) |
| Abstract: | The use of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, or smart devices will go hand in hand with higher productivity, higher product quality, and lower trade costs. Therefore, it can be expected to be positively related to export activities. This paper uses firm level data for manufacturing enterprises from the 27 member countries of the European Union collected in 2025 to shed further light on this issue by investigating the link between the use of advanced technologies and extensive margins of exports. Applying a new machine-learning estimator, Kernel-Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), which does not impose any restrictive assumptions for the functional form of the relation between margins of exports, use of advanced technologies, and any control variables, we find that firms which use more advanced technologies do more often export and do export to more different destinations. |
| Keywords: | advanced technologies, exports, firm level data, Flash Eurobarometer 559, kernel-regularized least squares (KRLS) |
| JEL: | D22 F14 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18496 |
| By: | Laszlo Goerke (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University); Sven A. Hartmann (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University); Yue Huang (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University) |
| Abstract: | Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we provide a comprehensive investigation of the relationship between workplace co-determination in the form of works councils and income satisfaction. Controlling for a wide range of individual, job-related, and firm-level characteristics in OLS and fixed effects specifications, we observe that employees working in establishments with a works council report significantly higher income satisfaction compared to their counterparts in non-co- determined firms. The rank in the income distribution, the perceived fairness of the wage, and working conditions emerge as quantitatively relevant factors in explaining the positive correlation. |
| Keywords: | Co-determination; income satisfaction; SOEP |
| JEL: | I31 J28 J50 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202602 |
| By: | Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg) |
| Abstract: | In a paper published in the Journal of Information Economics in 2024 I reported evidence that firms which use cloud computing do more often export, do more often export to various destinations all over the world, and do export to more different destinations. Results are based on data for manufacturing firms from the 27 member countries of the European Union taken from the Flash Eurobarometer 486 survey conducted in 2020. This note uses strictly comparable data from the Flash Eurobarometer 559 conducted in 2025 and the identical empirical strategy to document that the big picture found for 2020 did not change over the last five years. Extensive margins of exports and the use of cloud computing are still positively related. |
| Keywords: | cloud computing, exports, firm level data, Flash Eurobarometer 559, kernel-regularized least squares (KRLS) |
| JEL: | F14 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18498 |
| By: | Lodefalk, Magnus (The Ratio Institute); Löthman, Lydia (The Ratio Institute); Koch, Michael (The Ratio Institute); Engberg, Erik (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | We show that the age composition of employment within Swedish employers shifts after the arrival of generative AI, with no corresponding reduction in aggregate labour demand. Using 4.6 million job advertisements from Sweden's largest recruitment platform, we find that the broad decline in postings since 2022 aligns with monetary tightening rather than AI, exploiting Sweden's seven-month gap between the Riksbank's first rate hike and the launch of ChatGPT as a timing test. We then use full-population employer–employee register data and an employer-level difference-in-differences design to estimate how AI exposure affects employment composition across six age groups. An event study documents an accelerating decline in employment of 22–25-year-olds in high-AI-exposure occupations, reaching 5.5 per cent by early 2025 relative to less exposed occupations within the same employers, while employment of workers over 50 rose by 1.3 per cent. The widening age gradient suggests that generative AI reshapes hiring composition rather than aggregate demand, with the adjustment burden falling disproportionately on entry-level workers. |
| Keywords: | Generative artificial intelligence; Job postings; Labour demand; Employment composition; Monetary policy |
| JEL: | J23 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0388 |
| By: | Rustam Romaniuc (Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School); Andrea Guido (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Pierre Baudry (Okoni, Paris); Cécile Bazart (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Loïc Berger (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, iRisk - Research Center on Risk and Uncertainty); Noémi Berlin (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Aurélie Bonein (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Imen Bouhlel (ESSEC Business School); Kene Boun My (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Michela Chessa (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Paolo Crosetto (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Etienne Dagorn (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IEDES - Instutut d'Études du Développement de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Quentin David (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Etienne Farvaque (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Agnès Festré (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Abel François (EM Strasbourg - École de Management de Strasbourg = EM Strasbourg Business School - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Herrade Igersheim (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nicolas Jacquemet (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Isabelle Lebon (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mathieu Lefebvre (NukkAI [Paris]); Olivier L’haridon (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Danlin Li (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business); Youenn Loheac (Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business); Stéphane Luchini (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurent Muller (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Matthieu Pourieux (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Elven Priour (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Roussel (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, EPSYLON - Dynamique des capacités humaines et des conduites de santé - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Petros Sekeris (TBS - Toulouse Business School); Maïté Stéphan (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Eli Spiegelman (CEREN - Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] - BSB - Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC)); Angela Sutan (ESSEC Business School); Uyanga Turmunkh (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IESEG School of Management Lille); Laurence Vardaxoglou (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marc Willinger (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Dimitri Dubois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | There is a significant gap in turnout between young people and older voters. The failure to instill a voting habit at an early age may have long term consequences in terms of future political participation as well as on other civic behaviors. Using a pre-registered online experiment with 3, 790 subjects, we implemented behavioral interventions aiming to stimulate youth turnout in the 2022 French presidential election. We also provide evidence on the effect of one behavioral intervention on youth turnout in a less salient election, the French legislative election that took place two months after the Presidential one. The results from the two experiments show the absence of any differences in turnout between the baseline and the treatment conditions. We investigate several mechanisms that can explain our results. |
| Keywords: | Field experiment, Behavioral public policy, Behavioral nudges, Youth turnout |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04677596 |
| By: | Fayyaz Ahmad (Lanzhou University); Nabila Abid (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Junaid Aftab (Tongji University); Aamir Javed (UNICH - Universita' degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara) |
| Abstract: | Addressing the urgent challenge of climate change is a paramount global concern, with European economies showcasing commitment through the ambitious European Green Deal, COP, and sustainable development goals. However, the region's reliance on fossil fuels raises questions about the initiatives affecting the environmental neutrality goals in Europe. To find an answer to this, the present study investigates the impact of energy intensity and environmental tax revenues on environmental management efforts in terms of air, water, and waste pollution abatement in Europe by utilizing data spanning 1994 to 2020 for major European economies that held over 95 % of European economic output. The sample is grouped into two panels based on economic growth level. The study employs advanced econometric techniques to perform the preliminary checks, and GMM-PVR is used as the main study model. Aggregate panel findings reveal significant associations between energy intensity, environmental tax revenues, and environmental management. Notably, higher energy intensity is positively linked to increased environmental management activities, reflecting a commitment to address abatement goals and indicating funds are allocated toward pollution mitigation, aligning with Europe's emphasis on sustainability. Foreign direct investment has a negative relationship with environmental management. However, in Panel A, environmental tax revenues, economic growth, and trade openness reveal a negative impact on environmental management, suggesting that intense economic activities surpass the environmental tax revenue efforts to abate pollution, unlike Panel B, which is effective in pollution reduction. The study's policy implications stress enhancing the energy efficiency of economic giants while simultaneously strengthening mechanisms for utilizing environmental tax revenues and reinforcing environmental regulations to align foreign direct investment with sustainable practices. International collaboration is essential to ensure trade relations align with environmental goals, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change. |
| Keywords: | Trade openness, Foreign direct investment, Economic growth, Environmental management, Environmental tax revenues, Energy intensity |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05568611 |
| By: | Hirsch, Michael (RWTH Aachen University); Grund, Christian (RWTH Aachen University) |
| Abstract: | In this study, we examine the influence of air pollution, measured by particulate matter concentration (PM_10 and PM_2.5), on sabotage in rank order tournaments. To achieve this, we use player-level data from German Soccer Bundesliga players between 2009 and 2024, which we link with hourly pollution values on the exact match location and kick-off time. This research design addresses key identification problems in estimating the effect of air pollution on non-health outcomes. Our results suggest that an increase in particulate matter concentration has a statistically significant effect on destructive efforts (i.e. competitive sabotage), measured in fouls committed by a player. If particulate matter pollution measured in PM_10 (PM_2.5) increases by 10 μg/m^3, the number of fouls committed increases by 0.6% (0.9%). We also find strong evidence that this effect is driven primarily by players from weaker teams (underdogs). |
| Keywords: | air pollution, sabotage, tournaments |
| JEL: | M5 Q53 L83 J83 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18512 |
| By: | Wagner, Joachim (Leuphana University Lüneburg) |
| Abstract: | The use of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, or smart devices will go hand in hand with, among others, higher productivity, higher product quality, more exports and better chances to survive any crisis. Better firms tend to use advanced technologies. Information on firm level determinants of adoption of these technologies, therefore, is important to inform industrial policies. This paper uses firm level data for manufacturing enterprises from 38 countries collected in 2025 to shed further light on this issue by investigating the link between the use of advanced technologies and firm characteristics. Applying a new machine-learning estimator, Kernel-Regularized Least Squares (KRLS), which does not impose any restrictive assumptions for the functional form of the relation between use of advanced technologies, firm characteristics and any control variables, we find that firms which use advanced technologies tend to be larger and more innovation orientated, while firm age does not matter. |
| Keywords: | advanced technologies, firm characteristics, Flash Eurobarometer 559, kernel-regularized least squares (KRLS) |
| JEL: | D22 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18499 |
| By: | Cygan-Rehm, Kamila (Dresden University of Technology (TUD)); Westphal, Matthias (FernUni Hagen, RWI) |
| Abstract: | This paper replicates and extends the evidence on the lifetime effects of school starting age on earnings by Fredriksson and Öckert (2014) for Sweden. Using German data for individuals born between 1945 and 1965, we examine a more rigid system of ability tracking in secondary education, a potential driver of long-term effects. We confirm negligible effects of later school entry for men and positive effects for women. These gender differences arise despite similar effects on educational attainment. By unfolding the gender gaps over the lifecycle, assessing fertility decisions, and maternal employment around the first birth, we show that childbirth postponement and increased labor market attachment after the first birth seem to be plausible mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | school starting age, lifetime effects, education, gender gaps |
| JEL: | I21 I24 I26 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18503 |
| By: | Ejermo, Olof (The Ratio Institute); Holmström, Peter (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | Using population-wide data on Swedish university researchers and teachers, we identify the effects of parenthood on academic careers. Leveraging staggered event-study models that compare mothers and fathers around first birth, we document widening gender gaps in publication output, wage income, promotion, and PhD completion. These gaps arise across all scientific fields. We further document substantial gender differences prior to first birth and among never-parents, indicating that child-related penalties explain only part of the overall academic gender gap. |
| Keywords: | academic careers; child penalty; parenthood; gender gap; Sweden; staggered event study; research productivity |
| JEL: | I23 J13 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2026–03–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0389 |
| By: | Li Kathrin Kaja Rupieper; Stephan Thomsen |
| Abstract: | Lifelong learning is increasingly recognized as important for individual well-being, but causal evidence on this relationship remains scarce. This paper evaluates the effects of non-formal adult education on life satisfaction by exploiting the substantial expansion of courses at East German Volkshochschulen (VHS) following reunification. Combining individual well-being data from SOEP with administrative VHS data, we use quasi-random variation in individuals’ exposure to courses to identify intention-to-treat effects. Estimation results denote small but significant and robust effects of VHS education on life satisfaction. Calculations of average treatment-on-the-treated effects suggest considerably stronger impacts among actual course participants. We furthermore reveal effect heterogeneity across demographic groups. In contrast to formal education, which is commonly found to raise aspirations, we find no corresponding effect of VHS education. Overall, our findings suggest that non-formal courses and training provide an easily accessible, low-cost means of adaptation in times of transformation. |
| Keywords: | Volkshochschule, adult education, transformation, SOEP, Germany, subjective well-being, natural experiment |
| JEL: | H52 I26 I31 N34 P29 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1237 |
| By: | Sardo, Alessio; Grillo, Allegra; Kaczmarek, Angelika; Mateos Durán, Arnulfo Daniel |
| Abstract: | This article investigates how legal systems and legal experts across Europe respond to short-term rental accommodation (STRA), focusing on enforcement and authority allocation. It combines a comparative legal analysis of Germany, Poland, Italy and Spain with an experimental expert survey of approximately 180 legal scholars, embedding a strategic–interaction game that varies regulatory and market conditions. Findings reveal institutional lock-in: both legal systems as a whole and legal experts as individuals rely on traditional property/tenancy and competition frames, reinforcing path dependence. Experts also tend to overestimate compliance, even when fines are low and easily absorbed, underestimating the likelihood of strategic non-compliance. |
| Keywords: | short-term rental accommodation; Airbnb; overtourism; European Union competition law; affordable housing; tenancy models |
| JEL: | R21 R50 |
| Date: | 2026–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137828 |
| By: | Laroche, Patrice (Université de Lorraine); Bryson, Alex (University College London); Joshi, Heather (UCL); Wilkinson, David (UCL) |
| Abstract: | Ours is the first meta-analysis synthesizing results from econometric studies carried out in the UK to assess the size of the gender wage gap (GWG). Drawing on 90 primary studies published between 1974 and 2024 we assess trends in the gap and identify the substantive and methodological factors that explain variance in results across studies. Expressed relative to men’s earnings, the raw GWG averages 25 log points but falls to 13 log points when adjusting for covariates. There has been convergence in the mean wages of men and women at a rate of about 0.3 percentage points per annum, most of which reflects change in the characteristics of workers and their treatment in the labour market rather than differences over time in study characteristics. There is substantial heterogeneity in the size of the GWG by year of observation, worker type and research design, although differences in the size of adjusted GWG by study design are not as large as most economists might imagine. |
| Keywords: | gender wage gap, meta-analysis, UK |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J71 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18484 |
| By: | Lizardi, Eduardo (Department of Health Economics and Management, University of Oslo); Fevang, Elisabeth (Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research); Kverndokk, Snorre (Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research); Røed, Knut (Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | Using Norwegian administrative register data, we show that having a lone parent in the terminal stage of life or close to a nursing home admission has a small negative effect on the offspring’s labor supply, both at the extensive and the intensive margins. While the effects at the intensive margin are reversed after the parent is admitted to nursing home or dies, the negative employment effects are not. We provide evidence indicating that labor supply changes around these critical events are primarily driven by income effects related to a realized or forthcoming inheritance and not by care requirements. Given the scale and quality of publicly provided long-term care in Norway, we conclude that while a parent’s need for care does trigger a significant rise in offspring’s (particularly daughters’) short-term absence from work, it does not noticeably affect their overall employment and earnings. |
| Keywords: | long-term care, labor supply of offspring, inheritance |
| JEL: | J14 J22 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18508 |
| By: | Marta Diogo António; João Carlos Lopes |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the topic of digital trade. Its central objective is to analyze the evolution of e-Commerce in recent years in Portugal and the European Union, and to understand how companies and consumers act in relation to this topic. The research is based on interviews with professionals linked to the sector and a survey conducted among Portuguese consumers, allowing a more comprehensive understanding of the digital world. The study highlights the main trends associated with consumption, the obstacles faced by companies, as well as the opportunities brought about by digital transformation. The results obtained contribute to the discussion about Portugal's position in the European landscape regarding digital commerce and offer valid recommendations for policymakers and economic agents. |
| Keywords: | e-Commerce; Digital transformation; Business strategies; Consumer behavior; Portugal. |
| JEL: | D12 D22 L81 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp04092026 |
| By: | Andreas Stoller; Martin Huber |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effect of cigarette price and tax increases on smoking rates using Eurobarometer survey data from 27 European Union countries between 2012 and 2020. Following a difference-in-differences approach, we compare individuals exposed to large price and tax increases with those in stable price and tax environments. Estimation is based on a difference-in-differences estimator with double machine learning, which relaxes the functional form assumptions typically imposed by parametric approaches such as two-way fixed effects. Our results indicate that tax increases reduce smoking rates among individuals who smoke at least once per month and among daily smokers. The reduction is primarily driven by individuals aged 15-24. We examine the sensitivity of our findings to functional form assumptions and treatment definitions. While estimates are robust to alternative functional form assumptions, they are sensitive to whether the treatment is defined as binary or continuous. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2604.05841 |
| By: | Richard Duhautois (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé, IRES - Institut de recherches économiques et sociales); Samir Zine El Alaoui (INJEP - Institut national de la jeunesse et de l'éducation populaire, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé) |
| Abstract: | Le métier d'éducateur sportif est une profession réglementée, dont l'exercice est soumis à l'obtention d'une carte professionnelle, que l'activité soit exercée en tant que salarié ou en tant qu'indépendant. Depuis le Grenelle de l'emploi et des métiers du sport de juin 2023, les enjeux de l'emploi des éducateurs sportifs sont de plus en plus portés par les pouvoirs publics et le mouvement sportif. À partir de différentes sources de données et d'enquêtes, ce numéro de Connaissance de l'emploi propose un éclairage sur les conditions d'emploi peu favorables des éducateurs sportifs salariés, sur leurs trajectoires d'insertion professionnelle - souvent marquées par des départs vers d'autres secteurs en début ou en milieu de carrière - ainsi que sur les facteurs explicatifs des tensions récentes de recrutement. |
| Date: | 2026–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05576954 |
| By: | Zoé Burtschell (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Date: | 2025–06–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05568375 |