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on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Block, Jörn (University of Trier); Gnad, Miriam (University of Trier); Kritikos, Alexander S. (DIW Berlin); Stiel, Caroline (DIW Berlin) |
| Abstract: | Despite substantial research on job satisfaction in self-employment, we know little about the consequences for the venture when job satisfaction declines after an external shock. Taking the pandemic as an example of an external shock and drawing on 7, 000 self-employed in Germany, we investigate how declines in job satisfaction are related to their investment decisions. Having separated job satisfaction into its financial and non-financial aspects, we build in our analysis on two perspectives to predict how reductions in financial and non-financial job satisfaction relate to investments in venture development. Our results show that decreasing financial job satisfaction is positively related to time investments, providing support for the performance feedback perspective. Negative performance, in terms of reduced financial job satisfaction, induces higher search efforts to improve the business situation. Moreover, we observe that reductions in non-financial job satisfaction are negatively associated with both time and monetary investments. This supports the broadening-and-build perspective in that negative experiences narrow the thought-action repertoire, thus hindering resource deployment. |
| Keywords: | broadening-and-build perspective, performance feedback perspective, self-employment and entrepreneurship, investment decisions, job satisfaction, behavioral economics, economic psychology, Germany |
| JEL: | L26 J28 G11 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18204 |
| By: | Colombo, Massimo G.; Füner, Lena; Guerini, Massimiliano; Hottenrott, Hanna; Souza, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper replicates and extends the framework of Guzman and Stern (2020) to examine the evolution of entrepreneurial activity in Europe, focusing on France, Germany, and the United Kingdom between 2009 and 2023. Using harmonized national business registry data, we construct measures of both the quantity and quality of entrepreneurship across regions. In particular, we adapt the Entrepreneurial Quality Index (EQI), the Regional Entrepreneurship Cohort Potential Index (RECPI), and the Regional Entrepreneurial Acceleration Index (REAI) to capture the number of new ventures, their ex-ante growth potential, and the extent to which ecosystems translate this potential into realized outcomes. Our findings support the generalizability of this framework in the European context while revealing substantial heterogeneity across countries and regions. Major metropolitan centers such as Paris, London, and Munich combine high rates of entry with high entrepreneurial quality, but smaller knowledge- and research-intensive regions - including Cambridge, Oxford, Bonn, and Heidelberg - also emerge as important hubs. With respect to ecosystem performance, France and the UK initially exceeded expectations but later experienced steady declines, whereas Germany maintained relatively stable performance, with notable overperformance between 2012 and 2016. Moreover, we find a stronger positive correlation between entrepreneurial quantity and quality in Europe, suggesting that ecosystems capable of generating more start-ups are also more likely to produce high-quality firms. This study provides important insights for the comparative analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems and builds a foundation for designing policies aimed at fostering high-quality, innovation-driven entrepreneurship in Europe. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurial Quality, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, High-Growth Firms, Regional Innovation |
| JEL: | G24 G32 L25 L26 M13 R12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:330316 |
| By: | Dan Anderberg (Royal Holloway, University of London); Line Hjorth Andersen (Rockwool Foundation, Research Unit); N.Meltem Daysal (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Mette Ejrnaes (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of a 2002 Danish parental leave reform on intimate partner violence (IPV) using administrative data on assault-related hospital contacts. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that extending fully paid leave increased mothers leave-taking and substantially reduced IPV, with effects concentrated among less-educated women. The reform also lengthened birth spacing, while separations remained unchanged and earnings effects were modest. The timing and heterogeneity of impacts point to fertility adjustments rather than exit options or financial relief as the key mechanism. Parental leave policy thus emerges as an underexplored lever for reducing IPV. |
| Keywords: | Intimate partner violence, parental leave |
| JEL: | J12 I38 |
| Date: | 2025–10–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kucebi:2512 |
| By: | Simone Moriconi (IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM, Institut Convergences Migrations); Mikaël Pasternak (Univ. Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM, Institut Convergences Migration); Ahmed Trita (Univ. University of Poitiers, LEP, UM6P-ABS Chaire EIEA, FR CNRS TEPP, Institut Convergences Migrations); Nadiya Ukrayinchuk (Univ. Lille, CNRS, IESEG School of Management, UMR 9221 - LEM, Institut Convergences Migration) |
| Abstract: | We provide new evidence on intergenerational social mobility among immigrants and natives in France. Using linked parent–child data from censuses, we introduce an individual-level metric - the Intergenerational Rank Difference (IRD) - that measures upward and downward mobility relative to the highest-ranked parent across both education and predicted income. We document a robust mobility premium for second-generation immigrants: on average, they achieve a predicted income rank six percentiles higher than observationally equivalent natives, with the advantage most pronounced among women, children of two immigrant parents, and those from disadvantaged households. Educational gains explain part of this differential, but labormarket advancement plays the larger role. Internal migration emerges as an important channel, as immigrant movers disproportionately relocate to high-mobility areas. Finally, a spatial analysis highlights substantial heterogeneity: some local areas act as “lands of opportunity, ” while others are associated with stagnation or decline. These findings underscore the interplay of individual characteristics and local contexts in shaping long-run integrat |
| Keywords: | Migration economics, Intergenerational social mobility, Human capital |
| JEL: | J15 J24 J62 J71 I24 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ies:wpaper:e202501 |
| By: | Theresa Geißler (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University) |
| Abstract: | Exploiting the quasi-experimental introduction of tuition fees in selected federal states of Germany between 2006 and 2014, this study investigates how these fees affect the likelihood of overeducation based on data from the SOEP. Reporting lower bound estimates, the findings show that graduates from fee-charging states are significantly more likely to experience overeducation. There is suggestive evidence that the Intention to Treat Effect (ITT) may be heterogeneous depending on occupational choice after graduation, socioeconomic background and duration of the treatment. Moreover, dynamic analyses reveal that the increase in the likelihood of overeducation due to tuition fee exposure is not short-term but persists for even up to ten years after degree completion. |
| Keywords: | Tuition fees; Overeducation; Quasi-experiment; Germany |
| JEL: | I21 I23 I28 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202504 |
| By: | Stephanie Kang; Francesco Ferlenga |
| Abstract: | We study how expanding immigrants' rights affects their political and social integration by leveraging Romania's 2007 EU accession, which granted Romanian immigrants in Italy municipal voting and residency rights. Using municipality-level event studies, we find: (1) Enfranchisement increased the election of Romanian-born councilors — especially in competitive races — despite limited changes in candidacy rates. It also increased Romanian turnout, suggesting that electoral gains stem from an expanded voter base. An instrumented difference-in-differences analysis shows this is driven by pre-existing Romanian residents, not new arrivals. (2) Consent to organ donation rose among Romanians post-2007, indicating that the expansion of rights extends to prosocial behavior. (3) Nonetheless, immigrant presence continues to raise support for right-leaning parties and security spending while reducing social spending, highlighting persistent native backlash that outweighs immigrant political influence. |
| Keywords: | enfranchisement, migrant integration |
| JEL: | D72 J15 J18 P16 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1521 |
| By: | Cristina Bellés-Obrero; Sergi Jiménez-Martín; Han Ye |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the mortality effects of delaying retirement by leveraging the 1967 Spanish pension reform, which exogenously increased the earliest voluntary claiming age from 60 to 65 based on individuals’ date of first contribution. Using Spanish administrative data, we find that removing access to early retirement delays age at last employment by 4 months and increases the probability of death between ages 60 and 69 by 11 percent. The mortality effects are concentrated among workers in physically demanding, high-psychosocial-burden, and low- skilled occupations, while men and women are affected similarly. Access to flexible retirement mitigates the adverse effects of delaying retirement. |
| Keywords: | heterogeneity , mortality , early retirement , delaying retirement , work conditions |
| JEL: | I10 I12 J14 J26 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1924 |
| By: | Rieder, André; Schnabel, Claus |
| Abstract: | Representative establishment data reveal that over 60% of German plants covered by collective agreements pay wages above the level stipulated in the agree- ments, creating a wage cushion between actual and contractual wages. While collective bargaining coverage has fallen over time, the prevalence of wage cushions has increased, particularly in eastern Germany. Cross-sectional and fixed-effects analyses for 2008-2023 indicate that in western Germany the presence of a wage cushion is mainly related to plant profitability, unemployment, vacancies, and the business cycle. Plants which apply collective agreements at the firm rather than the sectoral level are less likely to have wage cushions since firm-level agreements make it easier to explicitly take firm-specific conditions into account. In eastern Germany, however, the explanatory power of these variables is much lower. Against the backdrop of falling bargaining coverage, the increasing prevalence of wage cushions suggests that the traditionally rigid German system of wage determination has become more flexible and differentiated. |
| Abstract: | Repräsentative Betriebsdaten zeigen, dass über 60% der tarif- gebundenen Betriebe in Deutschland Löhne zahlen, die über dem in Tarifverträgen fest- gelegten Niveau liegen, wodurch ein Lohnpuffer zwischen den tatsächlichen und den vertraglich vereinbarten Löhnen entsteht. Während die Tarifbindung im Laufe der Zeit zurückgegangen ist, hat die Verbreitung der übertariflichen Entlohnung zugenommen, besonders in Ostdeutschland. Querschnitts- und Fixed-Effects-Analysen für 2008-2023 zeigen, dass in Westdeutschland das Vorhandensein eines Lohnpuffers hauptsächlich mit der Rentabilität des Betriebs, der Arbeitslosigkeit, offenen Stellen und dem Konjunk- turzyklus zusammenhängt. Betriebe, die Tarifverträge auf Betriebs- statt Branchen- ebene anwenden, zahlen seltener über Tarif, da es bei Firmentarifverträgen einfacher ist, betriebsspezifische Bedingungen ausdrücklich zu berücksichtigen. In Ostdeutsch- land ist der Erklärungswert dieser Variablen jedoch erheblich geringer. Vor dem Hinter- grund der sinkenden Tarifbindung deutet die zunehmende Verbreitung von Lohnpuffern darauf hin, dass das traditionell starre deutsche System der Lohnfindung flexibler und differenzierter geworden ist. |
| Keywords: | wage determination, collective bargaining, wage cushion, Germany |
| JEL: | J30 J31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:faulre:330331 |
| By: | Ziwei Rao; Julia Hellstrand (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Mikko Myrskylä (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Understanding how education policies influence fertility behavior may reveal how education can shape population trends. However, the long-term demographic effects of structural reforms, such as school tracking – separating students into vocational or academic paths – remain underexplored. This study uses Finnish population register data to evaluate the fertility responses to a Finnish comprehensive school reform implemented in the 1970s that offers a unique opportunity to study completed fertility over the entire lifespan. The reform replaced the existing two-track system with a uniform nine-year comprehensive school, thereby delaying the age at which pupils are selected into vocational and academic tracks. Adopting a difference-in-differences method that is robust to heterogeneous effect and multiple treatment timing, this study explores the time-varying dynamic impact of the reform. The findings indicate increased lifetime childlessness and delayed age at first birth. The reform was also associated with higher educational attainment and reduced prevalence of vocational tracks. Further analysis suggests that the greater childlessness and delayed childbearing were likely driven by weaker early-life labor market performance following non-vocational education. This paper contributes to the literature on the education-fertility nexus by showing that education policies that delay tracking age and reduce emphasis on vocational education may unexpectedly shape the fertility landscape. Keywords: fertility, education policy, educational tracking, early-life employment |
| Keywords: | educational policy, fertility |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2025-030 |
| By: | Ilona Dielen (Université Paris-Est Créteil, ERUDITE, France; Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Jeanne Mouton (European Commission, Brussels) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the effect of Directive 2014/104/EU on the likelihood of success of private actions for damages related to abuse of a dominant position. Based on an original database of 194 decisions between 1988 and 2022 in France, Italy and the United Kingdom, the analysis is based on an identification by difference in differences with fixed country and sector effects. The effect is estimated by targeting the cases most likely to be affected by the Directive, namely stand-alone actions for damages. The results reveal a significant differential effect of the Directive, contributing to the empirical assessment of its impact on the effectiveness of the right to compensation in private competition litigation. |
| Keywords: | Competition law, damages actions, private remedies, abuse of dominant position, EU directive, impact assessment, law economy |
| JEL: | K21 K41 C21 H83 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2025-42 |
| By: | Toker Doganoglu (Department of Economics, University of Wuerzburg); Lukasz Grzybowski (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Frank Verboven (KU Leuven and CEPR (London), Naamsestraat 69, 3000 Leuven, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of the 2021 revision of the EU energy labeling regulation on the energy efficiency of refrigerators sold in Belgium, France, Germany, and Poland between 2019 and 2022. We analyze detailed product-level sales data to assess whether the introduction of the new labeling system (the New EU Energy Label 2021) improved the energy performance of products available on the market. The results reveal substantial cross-country differences in sales-weighted energy consumption: Germany and Belgium exhibit significantly lower average energy use, reflecting differences in product portfolios and consumer preferences, while consumers in France and Poland tend to purchase less efficient models. After controlling for refrigerator characteristics, average energy consumption declined by 2.8% in France, 3.4% in Belgium, and 3.5% in both Germany and Poland between March 2021 and December 2022. We further estimate a nested logit demand model incorporating both energy labels and the discounted ten-year cost of electricity consumption. The results indicate that, except in Poland, consumers tend to undervalue future energy costs under both the old and new labeling regimes. The estimated willingness to pay (WTP) for labels varies across countries, with some evidence of overvaluation for specific efficiency classes. Using the model, we conduct counterfactual simulations to assess the effects of alternative policy scenarios. The simulations suggest that the 2021 reform led to measurable improvements in the average energy efficiency of refrigerators sold in the EU market. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency, EU Energy Label, Nested Logit |
| JEL: | D12 L51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2025-26 |
| By: | Danzer, Natalia (Freie Universität Berlin); Kranton, Rachel; Larysz, Piotr (Freie Universität Berlin); Senik, Claudia (Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | How do gender identity and norms relate to happiness? This paper takes advantage of the 2024 European Social Survey, which asks respondents to report their feelings of femininity and masculinity, and studies the relationships between these self-assessments, (non-)conformity to gender norms, and life satisfaction. The results show a robust asymmetry between men and women. For men, feeling more masculine, behaving in ways more typical of men, and life satisfaction are all positively cross-correlated. For women, while feeling more feminine and life satisfaction are similarly positively correlated, behaving in ways more typical of women is, in contrast, associated with lower life satisfaction. These patterns vary across European regions, potentially reflecting different histories. The results are robust to alternative measures of typical behavior of men and women and subjective well-being. The findings support theories of gender identity and reveal possible trade-offs implied by gender norms for women. |
| Keywords: | life satisfaction, measures of norms, masculinity, femininity, gender identity, subjective well-being |
| JEL: | I31 J16 Z10 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18209 |
| By: | Grindaker, Morten (University of Chicago); Simmons, Michael (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | Does Unemployment Insurance affect how employed workers search for new jobs? We provide novel evidence by combining administrative data on the universe of Norwegian workers and firms with a regression kink design. A marginal increase in benefits lowers job-to-job transitions, increases unemployment incidence, and lowers future earnings. These effects are stronger for workers with higher predicted unemployment risk and align with job search models where workers systematically move towards safer jobs. In an equilibrium job search model calibrated to match these empirical effects, employed workers’ responses account for 45 percent of the net fiscal costs of a marginal benefit expansion. |
| Keywords: | On the job search; Unemployment Insurance; Regression kink design; Unemployment Risk |
| JEL: | G33 G52 H31 H55 J31 J65 |
| Date: | 2025–10–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:1039 |
| By: | Brüll, Eduard; Mäurer, Samuel; Rostam-Afschar, Davud |
| Abstract: | We provide experimental evidence on how employers adjust expectations to automation risk in high-skill, white-collar work. Using a randomized information intervention among tax advisors in Germany, we show that firms systematically underestimate automatability. Information provision raises risk perceptions, especially for routine-intensive roles. Yet, it leaves short-run hiring plans unchanged. Instead, updated beliefs increase productivity and financial expectations with minor wage adjustments, implying within-firm inequality like limited rent-sharing. Employers also anticipate new tasks in legal tech, compliance, and AI interaction, and report higher training and adoption intentions. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Technological Change, Innovation, Technology Adoption, Firm Expectations, Belief Updating, Expertise, Labor Demand, White Collar Jobs, Training |
| JEL: | J23 J24 D22 D84 O33 C93 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1683 |
| By: | Manyane Kpatoumbi Kankpe (Université Jean Monnet, Université Lyon 2, emlyon, GATE, CNRS, 42100, Saint Etienne) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This study examines the impact of design activities on innovation and identifies the main determinants influencing firms’ investment in design. We use a cross-sectional database built from three sources: the French Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2018, the Annual Declaration of Social Data (DADS), and the structural business statistics (FARE) for the period 2015–2017. By adopting an instrumental variable (IV) approach that accounts for the endogeneity of design, our results provide clear evidence that integrating design significantly increases the likelihood of innovation. A doubling of the number of designers within a firm more than doubles the probability of innovating in product or process. This impact of design is greater than that of R&D or marketing, indicating its central role in the innovation process. However, failing to consider the endogeneity of design leads to an underestimation of its true effect. Similarly, our results confirm the endogeneity of R&D, as demonstrated by Crépon et al. (1998), and ignoring this dimension also results in an underestimation of its impact on innovation. Regarding the determinants of design, we find that the concentration of designers within a sector and a region, public financial support, and export intensity foster its adoption. By introducing a time lag between innovation activities and their outcomes, certain limitations of cross-sectional studies—particularly simultaneity bias—are overcome, despite the use of the IV approach. |
| Keywords: | Design, Innovation, R&D, Marketing, Endogeneity |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:2521 |
| By: | Andreea Mitrut; Gabriel Kreindler; Margareta Matache; Andrei Munteanu; Cristian Pop-Eleches |
| Abstract: | How does ethnic identification vary with education among disadvantaged minorities? We study this question for Roma people, Europe's largest ethnic minority, using linked Romanian census data and birth records. We measure how individuals change reported ethnicity over time, or “pass.” Roma identification strongly declines with education, from 80% for those with no education to 40% for postsecondary graduates. We estimate a model with persistent individual heterogeneity and find 3-6 times more Roma postsecondary graduates than in official data. Survey data we collect shows that most Romanians are unaware of these patterns. Such selective passing may reinforce stereotypes about marginalized groups. |
| JEL: | I21 I25 J15 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34383 |
| By: | Kuhlemann, Jana (Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), University of Mannheim); Kosyakova, Yuliya (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "This study investigates the role of engaging in physical leisure activities in facilitating refugees’ structural integration through enhancing their social capital, destination-language proficiency, and health. The physical fitness gained from such activities can also be crucial for securing physically demanding jobs. As employment significantly influences refugees’ social integration, this research specifically examines the impact of the intensity and regularity of sports engagement on employment outcomes among refugees from the 2015/16 influx in Germany. Utilizing longitudinal data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, findings reveal that regular and more intensive engagement in physical leisure activities increases refugees’ chances of securing gainful employment and obtaining physically demanding jobs in the subsequent year. However, sports involvement does not correlate with higher occupational prestige, potentially locking them into lower-status jobs. Additionally, time spent in other types of leisure activities shows a slightly negative association with labor market outcomes, underscoring the unique benefits of sports. This points to the dual-edged nature of sports as an integration tool – beneficial in fostering initial labor market entry but possibly limiting in terms of career advancement." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | IAB-Open-Access-Publikation |
| JEL: | I12 J15 J24 J61 Z13 Z20 |
| Date: | 2025–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:202515 |
| By: | Nüß, Patrick |
| Abstract: | I estimate management opposition to unions in terms of hiring discrimination in the German labor market. By sending 13, 000 fictitious job applications, revealing union membership in the CV and pro-union sentiment via social media accounts, I provide evidence for hiring discrimination against union supporters. Callback rates are on average 15% lower for union members. Discrimination is strongest in the presence of a high sectoral share of union members and large firm size. I further explore variation in regional and sectoral strike intensity over time and find suggestive evidence that discrimination increases if a sector is exposed to an intense strike. Discrimination is positively associated with the sectoral share of firms that voluntarily orientate wages to collective agreements. These results indicate that hiring discrimination can be explained by union threat effects. |
| Keywords: | correspondence audit, field experiments, industrial relations, labor disputes, management opposition, trade unions, union threat |
| JEL: | C93 J51 J53 J71 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:330326 |
| By: | Noémi Berlin (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Tarek Jaber-Lopez (IPP - Instituto de politicas y Bienes Publicos - Centrode Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas); Moustapha Sarr (CNRS, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre) |
| Abstract: | In a lab-in-the-field experiment, we investigate the influence of social norms on 300 parents' beliefs regarding the nutritional quality of food items and their subsequent food choices. We use a 3 × 2 between-subject experimental design where we vary two factors: 1-the social norm provided to parents: a descriptive norm (what other parents choose) vs. an injunctive norm (what other parents approve of), and 2-the recipient of the food decisions made by parents: their own child vs. an unknown child. Parents participate in a two-stage process. In the first stage, we elicit their beliefs regarding the nutritional quality of various food items and ask them to make a food basket without specific information. In the second stage, based on their assigned treatment, they receive specific information and repeat the belief elicitation and the food basket selection tasks. We find that only the descriptive norm significantly reduces parents' overestimation rate of items' nutritional quality. Injunctive norm significantly improves the nutritional quality of both, the parent's and child's baskets. Descriptive norm significantly improves the nutritional quality of child's baskets only when parents are choosing for unknown child. |
| Keywords: | child, parent, food beliefs, food choices, information provision, Social norms |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05330418 |
| By: | Mathilde Aubouin (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Paolo Melindi-Ghidi (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-Philippe Nicolaï (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the question of whether fixed and mobile Internet expenditures are substitutable or complementary. We estimate a demand system using French household expenditure data to compute price elasticities for different categories of goods. The results indicate that fixed and mobile Internet expenditures are complementary in France. This complementarity effect increases with income level. We then develop a simple theoretical model showing that depending on the characteristics of fixed and mobile data tariffs, fixed and mobile Internet expenditures can exhibit non-substitutability or even complementarity. |
| Keywords: | QUAIDS demand system, Household behavior, Internet expenditure |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05319883 |
| By: | Samuel Ligonnière (Université Paris-Saclay, Univ Evry, EPEE-CEPS, 91025, Evry-Courcouronnes); Salima Ouerk (National Bank of Belgium) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the dynamic effects of ECB monetary policy surprises on newly originated mortgage credit across the household income distribution using loan-level data from the French national credit registry. We find a distinct U-shaped pattern in mortgage borrowing across income groups, with loans for primary residences taken by middle-income households showing the strongest reaction. These households, while creditworthy, have liquidity constraints which make them more sensitive to changes in financing conditions and macroeconomic signals than other groups. Our analysis of transmission channels confirms these findings. Credit demand reacts positively to expansionary pure monetary policy and forward guidance surprises, underscoring the central role of the expectations channel. In quantitative terms, we estimate that a one-standard deviation expansionary surprise over two years leads to a 10% increase in new mortgage lending for primary residences among middle-income households. In addition, credit demand increases in response to positive macroeconomic signals, pointing to the role of the information channel. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy, credit distribution, inequality. |
| JEL: | D31 E4 E52 G21 G5 G51 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202510-484 |
| By: | Bahn, Dorothée; Bredemeier, Christian; Juessen, Falko |
| Abstract: | We study how the division of household chores and individual preferences contribute to gender differences in labor supply elasticities and examine the implications for optimal taxation. In a model of labor supply in dual-earner households, we show that elasticities and optimal income tax rates depend jointly on gender and the within-household allocation of chores. Using PSID data, we find that chore division substantially affects labor supply elasticities, whereas gender per se plays a smaller role. We then evaluate how well simple, feasible tax rules can approximate the optimal within-household tax structure. Gender-based taxation captures a sizable share of the potential efficiency gains, but gender-neutral rules with realistic levels of progressivity perform better. |
| Abstract: | Wir untersuchen, wie die Aufteilung von Aufgaben im Haushalt sowie individuelle Präferenzen zu Geschlechterunterschieden in Arbeitsangebotselastizitäten beitragen und welche Konsequenzen sich daraus für die optimale Gestaltung der Einkommenssteuer ergeben. In einem Modell des Arbeitsangebots von Doppel-Verdiener-Paaren zeigen wir, dass Elastizitäten und optimale Einkommensteuersätze sowohl vom Geschlecht als auch von der innerfamiliären Aufgabenverteilung abhängen. Bei der Analyse von US-Mikrodaten aus dem PSID stellen wir fest, dass die innerfamiliäre Aufgabenverteilung Arbeitsangebotselastizitäten erheblich beeinflusst, während das Geschlecht an sich eine geringere Rolle spielt. Anschließend prüfen wir, inwieweit einfache und praktisch umsetzbare Steuerregeln die optimale innerfamiliäre Steuerstruktur approximieren können. Geschlechtsspezifische Besteuerung ("gender-based taxation") realisiert einen beträchtlichen Teil der potenziellen Effizienzgewinne, doch geschlechtsneutrale Regeln mit realistischen Progressivitätsgraden, aber ohne Splitting, schneiden besser ab. |
| Keywords: | Elasticity of labor supply, taxation, household chores, gender-based taxation |
| JEL: | J42 J16 J62 J71 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:330181 |