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on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Schmauk, Sarah; Kreyenfeld, Michaela |
| Abstract: | The Motherhood Pension Gap (MPG) measures the difference in pension entitlements between mothers and childless women. It indicates whether parenthood is a risk factor for women’s old-age security and whether social policies can cushion some of the adverse effects of having children. In this paper, we raise the question of whether pension-related childcare credits are effective in increasing women’s public pension entitlement in Germany and whether patterns differ by region (East and West Germany), birth cohorts, age, and the number of children. The analysis is based on the Versichertenkontenstichprobe 2020 (VSKT2020), a subsample of the register data from the German Pension Fund (n=231, 738). The variable of interest is a woman’s accumulated public pension entitlement, calculated with and without pension-related childcare credits. The results show a strong and pronounced public pension penalty for mothers in West Germany, but not in East Germany. Once pension-related childcare credits are considered, the motherhood pension gap is greatly reduced during the childbearing years. For example, for a West German mother of the cohorts 1952-59, the motherhood pension gap at age 45 drops from 44% to 21% when pension-related childcare credits are accounted for. However, the gap widens again at later ages. |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qw7zd_v1 |
| By: | Bassoli, Elena (ETH Zurich); Eibich, Peter (PSL Université Paris Dauphine); Zai, Xianhua (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research) |
| Abstract: | We examine the dynamic effects of the loss of a spouse on mental health. We use data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for 28 European countries over the period 2004-2022 and estimate event study regressions to examine how individuals’ mental health changes over the transition into widowhood. We find no evidence of changes in mental health before the death of a spouse due to anticipation or caregiving effects. Bereaved individuals experience up to 1.5 additional depressive symptoms and their risk of depression increases by around 20 percentage points, with similar effects for men and women. Individuals adapt relatively quickly and their risk of depression reverts to baseline levels within 3 years of the death. We provide suggestive evidence that this adaptation is in part due to increased rates of social participation. We also find some evidence that the impact on mental health is stronger for individuals living in Eastern Europe and in countries with strong family ties. In addition, individuals in countries with stronger family ties adapt less quickly. |
| Keywords: | depression, anticipation, adaptation, mental health, widowhood, SHARE, event study |
| JEL: | I14 J12 J14 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18027 |
| By: | Caliendo, Marco (University of Potsdam); Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. (University of Sydney); Huber, Katrin (University of Potsdam); Pfeifer, Harald (BIBB); Uhlendorff, Arne (CREST); Wagner, Sophie (University of Potsdam) |
| Abstract: | We examine how gender shapes managers' decisions regarding on-the-job training using a discrete choice experiment embedded in a representative survey of German firms. While previous research has focused on employees' demand for it, we make a contribution by studying firms' supply of training. In our vignette study, 1, 144 managers evaluate hypothetical candidate profiles that differ by gender, age, competence, job mobility, and training characteristics. We find that women are somewhat more likely than men to receive training offers. The exceptions are that female managers are more reluctant to choose young women for training, while male managers favor male candidates for fully employer-funded training. These patterns persist across various model specifications and remain robust when controlling for observable manager characteristics. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that female managers are more reluctant to offer training to women when they operate in competitive product markets, male-dominated industries, and firms without collective bargaining agreements. More broadly, our results highlight that managers influence not only how much training is undertaken, but also how training opportunities are distributed among employees. |
| Keywords: | human capital investment, manager decisions, gender differences, training |
| JEL: | J24 J16 M53 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18019 |
| By: | Charlotte Bartels; Johannes König; Carsten Schröder |
| Abstract: | How does economic growth affect individual wealth accumulation and, thereby, wealth inequality? Combining individual wealth from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and local GDP growth across 401 German counties, this paper documents a sizable Hometown-Growth-Wealth Nexus. We find that past variation in hometown growth across cohorts and regions contributes to high wealth inequality today. Individuals exposed to high growth during childhood save more and are more likely to be invested in housing. While this savings channel operates for heirs and non-heirs alike, heirs from the same hometown are richer. We validate the Hometown-Growth-Wealth Nexus and the savings channel for the UK. |
| Keywords: | wealth distribution, regional inequality, intergenerational transmission |
| JEL: | D31 D64 O47 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12024 |
| By: | Henrika Langen; Michael Doersam |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how improved public transportation affordability, resulting from the introduction of the so-called Deutschlandticket, affected the commuting choices of newly commencing apprentices in Germany. Introduced in May 2023, the Deutschlandticket offers nationwide access to local and regional public transport at a flat monthly rate, replacing a previously fragmented fare system and substantially reducing commuting costs, particularly for commutes across transport association boundaries. Using administrative register data on apprenticeship contracts and detailed pre-Deutschlandticket fare information, we assess changes in commuting patterns among new apprentices between 2022 and 2023. Our difference-in-differences analyses show that the Deutschlandticket led to a significant increase of around 21% in commutes on inter-transport-association routes, especially among older apprentices, those with lower school-leaving certificates, and those in certain training occupations. In contrast, we find no significant effect of region-specific Deutschlandticket-related cost savings on commuting distances within single transport associations. Our findings suggest that by reducing financial and informational barriers, the Deutschlandticket expanded access to apprenticeship opportunities and may have helped alleviate regional mismatches, without increasing commuting distances or requiring relocation. |
| Keywords: | commuting behavior, vocational education and training (VET), D-Ticket, public transportation, Difference-in-Differences |
| JEL: | I21 J61 J24 R23 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iso:educat:0246 |
| By: | Doorley, Karina (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin); Simon, Agathe (ESRI, Dublin); Tuda, Dora (ESRI, Dublin) |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the redistributive and labour supply effects of transitioning from a joint to a fully individualised income tax system in Ireland. The current Irish tax system, which remains partially joint since the early 2000’s, provides a financial advantage to married couples by allowing them to to share tax bands and credits. However, it also creates a financial disincentive for secondary earners (who are typically women) to work. Using the microsimulation model, SWITCH, we estimate the distributional effect of moving to a fully individualised tax system in Ireland. We find that this would result in income losses, which increase with the level of income. Linking SWITCH to a discrete choice labour supply model, we then estimate the behavioural response of married couples to a fully individualised tax regime. We find that a shift to individualised taxation would result in increased labour supply of married women, and a reduction in the hours worked by married men due to intra-household labour substitution effects. We explore the implications of this for a range of outcomes linked to womens’ financial independence. |
| Keywords: | labour supply, taxation of couples, tax-benefit system |
| JEL: | E24 E32 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18035 |
| By: | Jan Thomas Schäfer (Chair for Industrial Organization, Regulation and Antitrust, Department of Economics, Justus Liebig University Giessen) |
| Abstract: | The level of government support significantly influences the performance of European railways. However, prior analyses have largely focused on the sector as a whole, neglecting the distribution of public budget contributions between the upstream infrastructure manager and downstream service providers. This study employs a two-stage procedure involving Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and a second-stage regression analysis to evaluate railway efficiency and analyze the relationship between funding structures and performance. Using a dataset covering eight European countries from 2001 to 2022, the results indicate that railways achieve higher efficiency when the upstream infrastructure manager receives a larger share of government funds, while downstream subsidies are relatively limited. Moreover, total operating contributions consistently enhance efficiency, whereas the impact of investment grants varies depending on the specification. These findings underscore the importance of balanced funding strategies that prioritize upstream contributions to foster competition and promote efficient use of public resources. |
| Keywords: | Railway efficiency, Public contributions, Data Envelopment Analysis, Government support, Europe |
| Date: | 2025–06–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202517 |
| By: | Julia Baarck; Moritz Bode; Andreas Peichl |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to show that intergenerational income mobility in Germany has decreased over time. We provide estimates of intergenerational persistence for the birth cohorts 1968-1987 and document that the rank-rank slope rises sharply for cohorts born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, after which it stabilizes at a higher level. Depending on the specification, the slope increases by 59%-107%. As a step towards understanding the mechanisms behind this increase in income persistence, we show that parental income has become much more important for educational outcomes of children over the same time period. Moreover, we show that the increase in intergenerational income persistence coincided with an increase in cross-sectional income inequality, providing novel evidence for an "Intertemporal Great Gatsby Curve" in Germany. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational mobility, social mobility, education, inequality |
| JEL: | J62 I24 D63 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12058 |
| By: | Fritz, Sarah (Halle Institute for Economic Research); van der List, Catherine (University of Essex) |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of place-based policies on aggregate productivity using administrative data on projects co-financed by the EU in Italy linked to balance sheet data. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in funding for a large place-based policy stemming from measurement error in regional GDP estimates. Results show that the policy likely decreases productivity. Decompositions reveal that aggregate declines are driven by reallocation of labor to low-productivity firms. Mechanism analysis using firm-level event studies reveals that negative reallocation effects are caused by high-productivity firms taking up the funds and subsequently becoming more liquidity constrained, leading to slowdowns in employment growth. |
| Keywords: | EU cohesion policy, productivity, place-based policy |
| JEL: | R11 R58 J23 Z18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18036 |
| By: | Barsegyan, Vardan (Utrecht University); Negash, Samir |
| Abstract: | We study how key aspects of asylum and integration policy affect the long-term economic independence of refugees in the Netherlands. Using administrative data on approximately 95, 000 refugees registered at Dutch reception centres or granted asylum between 2014 and 2023, we analyse the effects of four policy variables - length of stay in reception centres, number of relocations, completion of the civic integration program, and the level of the integration diploma - on the timing of exit from social assistance into employment. Additionally, we analysed data from the first wave of a panel survey of 2, 559 Syrian refugees in the Netherlands. Applying multilevel linear probability discrete-time survival models, we find that prolonged stays in reception centres delay employment for men, particularly those who stay longer than two years, with persistent effects over time. The number of relocations has limited influence, though men who never moved between centres exit assistance more slowly, likely due to selection effects. Completing civic integration strongly accelerates labour market entry for both men and women, with higher-level diplomas (B1/B2) further increasing exit rates. While civic integration appears to support economic inclusion, many refugees still encounter unstable employment. Our findings highlight the long-term implications of integration policies for refugee self-sufficiency and underscore the need for further research on post-integration labour trajectories. |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ecjsn_v1 |
| By: | Subrizi, C.; |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a novel territorial and multidimensional approach to measuring health poverty in Italy at the municipal level. Using a particular rich and unique database, we develop a Multidimensional Health Poverty non -compensatory Index based on three key dimensions: availability, accessibility, and equity of healthcare services. Results reveal a weak link between health poverty and health status, highlighting the former’s limits as a proxy in countries with good average outcomes but growing access inequalities. The analysis also shows that investing in inner areas, balancing public and private services, and reducing unmet care needs and impoverishing health costs are key to tackling high health poverty, especially where elderly or disability care dominates spending. Finally, SEM models results and the different types of healthcare systems based on health poverty levels and type of governance emerging, show the effectiveness of pursuing both equity and efficiency goals in healthcare. |
| Keywords: | multidimensional poverty; health inequality; access to care; spatial analysis; composite indicators; Italy; |
| JEL: | I14 I32 R15 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yor:hectdg:25/07 |
| By: | Ardito, Chiara (University of Turin); Berton, Fabio (European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC)); Pacelli, Lia (University of Turin); Zanatta, Marina (University of Torino) |
| Abstract: | We analyse the long-term impact of hiring subsidies on both job and employment security. The subsidy that we examine was introduced in Italy through the 2015 Budget Law, with the goal of promoting open-ended contracts. We employ a non-linear difference-in-differences (NL-DiD) approach within a duration framework, using high-frequency, population-wide linked employer-employee administrative data from a large Italian region. Causal results on job security indicate that the subsidy’s protective effect is short-lived. Excess separations from subsidised jobs peak in the exact same month in which the monetary incentive expires. No long-term protective effect of the subsidy is observed regarding employment security. These results hold across a wide range of worker and firm characteristics, showing surprisingly little heterogeneity. One notable exception concerns firm size. Furthermore, the expiration of subsidies disproportionately affects workers with low human capital. Our findings suggest that hiring subsidies are not effective in promoting either job or employment security for beneficiaries and that this raises questions about the efficacy of this common and costly policy, particularly when offered unconditionally. |
| Keywords: | Italy, job and employment security, hiring subsidies, non-linear DiD, duration model |
| JEL: | H2 J2 J3 J6 L2 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18024 |
| By: | Burr, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the changes in the innovation ecosystem of the German automotive industry for the technology field of automotive software from the perspective of individual firms. The change of the innovation ecosystem of the German car industry through introduction of software-defined vehicles is being classified as a radical transformation. Focus of the analysis is the beginning formation of the software ecosystem in the German car industry. Based on qualitative data, three explorative company case studies on three leading German car manufacturers Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes-Benz are presented. The exploratory case studies focus on company-centric innovation ecosystems of VW, BMW and Mercedes in the software sector which are integrated into an overall software innovation system of the German automotive industry. The case studies aim is to analyse the formation phase of the digital innovation ecosystem of German car manufacturers. It intends to contribute towards a further development of the innovation ecosystem concept and a better understanding of the formation phase of an innovation ecosystem. |
| Keywords: | Innovation Ecosystems, Digital Innovation, Software, Automotive Industry, Germany |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:stuist:323954 |
| By: | Amberger, Harald; Gallemore, John; Wilde, Jaron |
| Abstract: | Effective policymakers must balance the demands of formulating a corporate tax system that raises revenue and spurs economic activity (e.g., investment) while promoting a "level playing field" across firms. Balancing these tradeoffs has likely caused tax systems to become more complex over time, increasing firms' difficulty in understanding and complying with tax regulations. We investigate the impact of tax system complexity on the responsiveness of firm-level investment to tax policy changes. Exploiting staggered tax rate changes and variation in tax system complexity across countries, we document two key findings. First, firm-level investment is less sensitive to changes in the corporate tax rate when tax system complexity is higher, suggesting that such complexity can undermine the ability of tax policy to affect economic growth. Second, the impact of tax complexity on the sensitivity of investment to tax rate changes varies significantly across firms, with domestic-owned, smaller, and private firms being more affected. These cross-sectional disparities are consistent with tax system complexity potentially reducing tax system parity. Collectively, our findings suggest that corporate tax system complexity can negatively impact the ability of fiscal policy to affect investment and lead to heterogeneous tax policy responses across firms. |
| Keywords: | tax complexity, tax rates, investment, employment |
| JEL: | D25 F23 H23 H25 G31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arqudp:323939 |
| By: | Brébion, Clément (Copenhagen Business School); Briole, Simon (Paris School of Economics); Khoury, Laura (PSL Université Paris Dauphine) |
| Abstract: | While extensive research on unemployment insurance (UI) has examined how benefits affect workers’ job search, little is known about how eligibility conditions shape firms’ hiring decisions. These conditions, often requiring a minimum work history, affect the value workers place on contracts meeting the eligibility threshold. Exploiting a French reform that modified these requirements after 2009, we show that firms internalize workers’ preferences and adjust contract durations to align with the new threshold. This reveals an overlooked ex-ante mechanism, where firms respond to UI incentives when posting vacancies—before meeting workers—rather than only through ex post adjustments. This response shifts contract duration distributions, also affecting workers already eligible for UI. Our findings have two implications: first, UI shapes firms’ behavior at the vacancy stage, influencing job creation decisions ex ante, not just separation decisions ex post; second, UI eligibility conditions generate significant spillover effects. |
| Keywords: | firm behavior, employment duration, unemployment insurance, temporary employment |
| JEL: | J08 J64 J65 H32 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18014 |
| By: | De Sanctis, Alessandro; Kapp, Daniel; Vinci, Francesca; Wojciechowski, Robert |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the effectiveness of EU Cohesion Policy as an investment programme, employing a novel dataset that links firm-level data from Orbis with project-level information from the Kohesio database. It focuses on two key questions: (1) Which firms receive EU funding? (2) How does receiving EU funding affect firm performance? By applying a logit model and a local projection difference-in-differences approach, we provide new insights into the allocation mechanisms of EU Cohesion Policy funds and their firm-level impact. Our findings show that funding tends to be allocated to firms that already perform relatively well, and that firms receiving EU funding experience a persistent productivity increase of approximately 3% after 4 years, with smaller and more financially constrained firms experiencing relatively greater improvements. Moreover, funding targeting “SME investment” tends to enhance firm performance disproportionately more than other categories, whereas projects directed the “green transition” appear comparatively less beneficial. JEL Classification: E22, D24, H54, O38, O52 |
| Keywords: | corporate investment, European Structural and Investment Funds, fiscal policy, place-based policy, productivity |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253099 |
| By: | Seeger, Lukas; Burr, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | The use of automated facial recognition in retail offers a wide range of potential for increasing efficiency, improving service quality and optimising customer targeting. This article, based on an empirical survey of 101 participants, examines factors that determine the acceptance and use of facial recognition technology among retail customers in Germany. However, the results show a strong negative influence of data protection and security issues on the willingness to adopt facial recognition technology among customers of German retailers. This article broadens the understanding of the acceptance and willingness to use digital technologies in public places going hand in hand with problems regarding privacy and security. The results of our study confirm the TAM model and the correlations it contains between the perceived usefulness, the perceived ease of use and the intention to use. The study also confirms the Technology Acceptance Model formulated by Davis in the special context of German retail business. The TAM model is extended in this paper by two new factors, privacy and security as mediators between privacy concerns and intention to use. |
| Keywords: | Facial recognition, retail, digital technology, user acceptance, service quality, data protection regulation in Germany |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:stuist:323955 |
| By: | Gagnon, Nickolas; Nosenzo, Daniele |
| Abstract: | We reconsider discrimination preferences through moral lenses and conduct experiments to systematically investigate these preferences using representative UK samples. Specifically, we evaluate the distribution of individual preferences for and against taste-and statistical-based discrimination across three domains—ethnicity, gender, and LGBTQ+ status. Using over 60, 000 anonymous decisions affecting how workers are paid from more than 3, 500 individuals, we document that most individuals prefer to engage in at least one type of discrimination, that there is substantial heterogeneity in preferences, and that the existence of multiple preferences changes our understanding of why individuals engage or not in discrimination. Among others, we examine how preferences relate across domains, map them onto socio-demographic characteristics, politics, support for policies, and gender wage gaps, and study underlying redistributive principles and effects of wage transparency. |
| Keywords: | Ethnicity, Gender, LGBTQ+, Moral principles, Experiment, Discrimination |
| JEL: | D63 D90 J23 J31 J71 J78 K31 M52 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:323979 |
| By: | Avner Greif; Joel Mokyr; Guido Tabellini |
| Abstract: | Why did the industrial revolution occur in Europe and not in China, despite China being well ahead of Europe in terms of economic and technological achievements several centuries earlier? We revisit this long-standing question from a new perspective. We emphasize the importance of the different social organizations that diffused in these two parts of the world in the centuries that preceded the industrial revolution: kin-based organizations in China, vs corporations in Europe. We explain their cultural origins, and discuss how these different organizations shaped the evolution of legal systems, political institutions and human capital accumulation in these two parts of the world. Our main argument is that European corporations played a crucial role in the scientific and technological innovations that ultimately led to the industrial revolution. |
| Keywords: | industrial revolution, China, Europe, culture, institutions, organizations |
| JEL: | N00 P00 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12023 |
| By: | Bhalotra, Sonia (Department of Economics, University of Warwick, CAGE, IFS, CEPR, IEA, IZA); Daysal, N. Meltem (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen, CEBI, CESifo, IZA); Trandafir, Mircea (Rockwool Foundation Research Unit and IZA) |
| Abstract: | Mental health disorders tend to emerge in childhood, with half starting by age 14. This makes early intervention important, but treatment rates are low, and antidepressant treatment for children remains controversial since an FDA warning in 2004 that highlighted adverse effects. Linking individuals across Danish administrative registers, we provide some of the first evidence of impacts of antidepressant treatment in childhood on objectively measured mental health indicators and economic outcomes over time, and the first attempt to investigate under- vs overtreatment. Leveraging conditional random assignment of patients to psychiatrists with different prescribing tendencies, we find that treatment during ages 8-15 improves test scores at age 16, particularly in Math, increases enrollment in post-compulsory education at age 18, and that it leads to higher employment and earnings and lower welfare dependence at ages 25–30. We demonstrate, on average, a reduction in suicide attempts, self-harm, and hospital visits following AD initiation. The gains to treatment are, in general, larger for low SES children, but they are less likely to be treated. Using a marginal treatment effects framework and Math scores as the focal outcome, we show positive returns to treatment among the untreated. Policy simulations confirm that expanding treatment among low SES children (and boys) generates substantial net benefits, consistent with under-treatment in these groups. Our findings underscore the potential of early mental health treatment to improve longer term economic outcomes and reducing inequality. |
| Keywords: | Antidepressants, mental health, education, test scores, human capital, Denmark, physician leniency, marginal treatment effects JEL Classification: I11, I12, I18, J13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:766 |
| By: | Daniel Engler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Marvin Gleue (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Gunnar Gutsche (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Sophia Möller (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Andreas Ziegler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Legal norms can have a direct effect on individual behavior through their legal enforcement. However, according to the ‘expressive function of law, ’ they can also have indirect effects on individual behavior by shaping related social norms. Since evidence for this expressive function is scarce, we consider a new law on corporate due diligence for the protection of human rights and the environment (i.e. the German Supply Chain Act) and empirically examine its indirect effects on individual sustainable purchasing behavior, as indicated by the willingness to pay (WTP) for sustainable socks, where sustainability is ensured by the certification with a label of the Fair Wear Foundation. The empirical analysis is based on data from a pre-registered and incentivized experiment implemented in a representative survey of 1, 017 citizens in Germany. Before making socks purchasing decisions and the elicitation of related personal injunctive and perceived social norms, the respondents were randomly assigned to either a control group or a treatment group that received information about the German Supply Chain Act. We examine average treatment effects and, based on a causal mediation analysis, the mediating role of related personal injunctive and perceived social norms on individual sustainable purchasing behavior. A manipulation check shows that the treatment information has a significantly positive effect on individual knowledge about the objectives of the German Supply Chain Act. However, the treatment information has no significant effect on the WTP for sustainable socks with the Fair Wear Foundation label or on related norms. Although our mediation analysis reveals that personal injunctive and perceived social norms are significantly positively correlated with this WTP, our experimental analysis does not provide any evidence for the expressive function of law in the case of the German Supply Chain Act and individual sustainable purchasing behavior. |
| Keywords: | Legal norms, personal injunctive norm, perceived social norms, German Supply Chain Act, individual sustainable purchasing behavior |
| JEL: | D91 K38 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202510 |
| By: | Mounir Amdaoud (CNRS, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre); Nadine Levratto (CNRS, EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre, 92001 Nanterre) |
| Abstract: | This article investigates the links between sectoral diversity and local employment growth in France over the period 2004‑2015. Starting from the seminal contribution of Frenken et al. (2007), we take into account both the within and between sectoral diversities at the local level and at the neighbourhood one. Our empirical investigations confirm that intrasector diver‑ sity (so called related variety) is positively associated with employment growth. Moreover, this association seems to be driven by the local related variety in growth phase and by the related variety in the neighbourhood in crisis period. We also find that the negative relationship between unrelated variety and employment growth goes only through the neighbourhood canal. |
| Abstract: | Cet article examine les liens entre la diversité sectorielle et la croissance de l'emploi local en France entre 2004 et 2015. Suivant les travaux précurseurs de Frenken et al. (2007), nous prenons en compte à la fois la diversité intrasectorielle (également appelée « variété reliée ») et la diversité intersectorielle (ou « variété non reliée »), au niveau local et au niveau du voisinage.Nos résultats confirment que la variété reliée est corrélée positivement avec la croissance de l'emploi. De plus, cette corrélation semble alimentée par la variété reliée locale en période de croissance et par la variété reliée du voisinage en période de crise. La variété non reliée est corrélée négativement avec la croissance de l'emploi, et ce lien ne passe que par le canal du voisinage. |
| Keywords: | related variety, unrelated variety, spatial interactions, France, employment growth, interactions spatiales, croissance de l'emploi, variété non reliée, variété reliée |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05185983 |
| By: | Klaus Gründler; Niklas Potrafke; Timo Wochner |
| Abstract: | Many democracies allow their legislators to engage in private employment, but the consequences for parliamentary priorities are still poorly understood. We collect large-scale longitudinal data on outside employment and biographic characteristics for all members of the 18th German Bundestag, and link this information to all spoken words and voting behavior in parliament. We present novel evidence that outside employment is associated with parliamentary priorities. Legislators address topics of sectors from which they receive private income more often, are more positive about these sectors, and take a generally more pro-industry stance in legislation. Our results have important implications regarding the independence of legislators. |
| Keywords: | MPs’ outside earnings, payment of politicians, lobbying |
| JEL: | D72 H11 K40 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12016 |
| By: | Lundberg, Jacob (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Massenz, Gabriella (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | We use a natural experiment and administrative data to study the effect of corporate tax cuts on business activity. For identification, we exploit the abolition of municipal corporate income taxation in Sweden in 1985, which created variation in corporate tax changes faced by different municipalities. Our findings indicate an expansion of business activity and employment in large firms following a tax cut. However, we find no significant impact on these outcomes for small firms. In addition, firm entry rates increase in municipalities experiencing the largest tax cuts. |
| Keywords: | Corporate taxation; Business activity; Employment; Firm entry |
| JEL: | G31 G38 H21 H25 |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1531 |
| By: | Etienne Bacher; Michel Beine; Hillel Rapoport |
| Abstract: | We investigate the effect of anti-immigration attitudes on immigration plans to Europe. We propose a new instrument for attitudes toward immigration, namely, the number of country nationals killed in terrorist attacks taking place outside of Europe. Our first-stage results confirm that such terrorist attacks increase negative attitudes to immigration in the origin country of the victims. Our second-stage results then show that this higher hostility toward migrants decreases the attractiveness of the country for prospective immigrants at all skill levels. |
| Keywords: | immigration, terrorism, anti-immigration attitudes |
| JEL: | C1 F2 J1 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12003 |
| By: | Chen Yujia; Ding Zhenghong; Barbaglia Luca (European Commission - JRC); Calabrese Raffaella; Fatica Serena (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "This paper assesses the impact of floods on credit to European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using a discrete-time survival model. We find a statistically significant relationship between the default probability of loans to SMEs and floods occurring in the region where the firm is located. We propose a micro-level stress testing exercise to assess the performance of small business loans under different climate scenarios.Our results allow us to identify the European regions with heightened vulnerability under a stressed climate scenario and to quantify the impacts upon individual firms in terms of increases in loan default probability." |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202506 |
| By: | Andres Rodriguez-Pose; Zhuoying You; Peter Teirlinck |
| Abstract: | This This paper explores the relationship between support for extreme political parties and research and innovation across regions in the European Union (EU). Extreme parties often exhibit deep scepticism towards expertise and science, with extreme right-wing parties, in particular, challenging the legitimacy of climate change; an attitude that may weaken green research and innovation. We draw on data from 1, 137 EU regions —including scientific publication and patent records— and apply Tobit regression models to find that stronger support for extreme parties is associated with lower levels of scientific research and technological innovation, both overall and in their green forms. While this pattern is visible across the political spectrum, important differences emerge. Support for extreme right-wing parties is consistently tied to reduced research output and innovation performance, particularly in green technological sectors. By contrast, the relationship with extreme left-wing support is more variable, depending on the degree of radicalism, and shows no consistent negative connection with green innovation. |
| Keywords: | research, innovation, climate change, extreme parties, regions, Europe |
| JEL: | D72 D74 O32 O33 R10 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2525 |
| By: | Henrekson, Magnus (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Jonung, Lars (Department of Economics, Lund University); Lundahl, Mats (Development Economics, Stockholm School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We explore the challenges facing the current academic training of economists in small European countries like Sweden. The monolithic focus on publishing in the top-five journals, which prioritizes methodological rigor over problem-driven research, is often a threat to social relevance and policy applicability. This limits pluralism, excludes many talented economists, and fails to prepare graduates for non-academic positions. We propose a two-track model for PhD training and academic evaluation, emphasizing both traditional research and applied economic policy, tailored to the diverse needs of academia, public administration and business sectors. We also argue for broader evaluation criteria, enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, and institutional reforms, including trial lectures and specialized research institutes. By diversifying incentives, we recommend a shift towards socially relevant and more inclusive education and practice in the discipline of economics. |
| Keywords: | Criteria for hiring and promotion; European economics; Pluralism; Research productivity |
| JEL: | A11 A14 I23 J44 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1530 |
| By: | Gogova Lea; Hledik Juraj (European Commission - JRC); Klacso Jan |
| Abstract: | Climate change is expected to lead to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, which in turn increase physical risks. In this paper, we assess the direct exposure of Slovak banks' corporate loan portfolios to riverine flood risk. We propose several monitoring metrics and estimate exposures at risk due to riverine flooding. Our analysis leverages a comprehensive dataset that integrates flood risk maps from the European Commission's Joint Research Centre, cadastral data on firm properties, credit register data, and firms' financial statements. While a significant share of firms are located in flood-prone areas, only a subset are likely to face flood levels that exceed critical thresholds. Consequently, the direct impact of riverine flooding on corporate credit risk appears to be relatively moderate — with the estimated increase of exposure at default ranging from 2 to 10 basis points of the corporate loan portfolio under standard scenarios, and up to 50–60 basis points in conservative stress cases accounting for asset value declines. Under counterfactual scenarios assuming a fivefold increase in the frequency of floods, the estimated increase exceeds 1 percentage point of the loan portfolio. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202508 |
| By: | Lionel Fontagne (Paris School of Economics); Krasimir Shishmanov (Tsenov Academy of Economics); Penka Shishmanova (Tsenov Academy of Economics); Yoto Yotov (School of Economics, Drexel University) |
| Abstract: | Economic gains from trade integration channel through inward or outward multilateral resistance terms, hence through consumption or production effects. But these impacts differ in their relative intensity among members of the integrated region, which leads to asymmetric outcomes. We study these asymmetric effects of European integration on the exports vs. imports of the members of the Single Market and obtain disaggregated asymmetric EU estimates for 170 industries. The econometric analysis delivers a rich database of more than 9, 300 estimates of the EU effects on trade among its members. Three main findings emerge from our analysis. First, previous estimates where asymmetries were silenced underestimated the gains from EU integration. Second, these asymmetries in the effects of the Single Market on the members’ trade are very large. Third, the EU has benefited disproportionately the consumers in older/richer members and the producers in the new/poorer joiners. |
| Keywords: | European Integration, The Single Market, Asymmetric Trade Costs |
| JEL: | F10 F14 F16 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drx:wpaper:202533 |
| By: | Del Frari, Elisa; Aassve, Arnstein; Melegaro, Alessia (Bocconi University) |
| Abstract: | Ongoing demographic changes driven by increased life expectancy and declining fertility rates are starting to exert pressure on Pay-As-You-Go pension schemes, which depend on the transfer of resources from the employed population to the retired one. Existing research presents mixed conclusions on the effectiveness of various policy measures designed to ensure the long-term fiscal sustainability of pension systems. This paper contributes to the literature by employing a tailored Agent-Based Model (ABM) for Italy, which integrates demographic and pension dynamics. The model evaluates the impact of policies aimed at increasing labor market participation, specifically reducing the number of NEETs, boosting female labor force participation, introducing more flexible retirement options, increasing immigration and raising fertility rates. Projections extending to 2070 indicate that the aging process will persist, leading to a continued deterioration in the fiscal balance of the Italian pension system, despite the automatic adjustments to the retirement age linked to variations in life expectancy. The results indicate that promoting labour participation significantly enhances the sustainability of the pension system. In particular, policies aimed at increasing female participation emerge as the most effective individual intervention. However, no single measure, nor any combination of the simulated policies, is sufficient to place the Italian pension system to a fully sustainable trajectory. |
| Date: | 2025–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:g2xqt_v1 |
| By: | Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés; You, Zhuoying; Teirlinck, Peter |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationship between support for extreme political parties and research and innovation across regions in the European Union (EU). Extreme parties often exhibit deep scepticism towards expertise and science, with extreme right-wing parties, in particular, challenging the legitimacy of climate change; an attitude that may weaken green research and innovation. We draw on data from 1137 EU regions —including scientific publication and patent records— and apply Tobit regression models to find that stronger support for extreme parties is associated with lower levels of scientific research and technological innovation, both overall and in their green forms. While this pattern is visible across the political spectrum, important differences emerge. Support for extreme right-wing parties is consistently tied to reduced research output and innovation performance, particularly in green technological sectors. By contrast, the relationship with extreme left-wing support is more variable, depending on the degree of radicalism, and shows no consistent negative connection with green innovation. |
| Keywords: | research; innovation; climate change; extreme parties; regions; Europe |
| JEL: | D72 D74 O32 O33 R10 |
| Date: | 2025–08–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129232 |
| By: | Thomas Bézy (École d’Économie de Paris); Catherine Bruneau (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Cédric Crofils (Université Paris Dauphine PSL (LEDa) et AMSE); Étienne Lavenant (Centre de recherche de la Banque de France - Banque de France); Dimitris Mavridis (OCDE Economics Départment - OCDE - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the difficulties anticipated by companies in France when it comes to recruiting staff. We match data from the 2018 and 2019 Besoins en Main‑d'Œuvre surveys on workforce needs with company data from the FARE annual structural statistics of companies from the ESANE scheme and the DADS ( Déclaration annuelle de données sociales – Annual Declaration of Social Data) to examine how recruitment difficulties are distributed by sector, location and size of the establishment and employment area characteristics. Together, these factors explain around 6% of the total variation in recruitment challenges, increasing to 14% when incorporating recruitment difficulties reported in the previous year. Most of the recruitment difficulties anticipated thus result from factors not observed in the data used in this article, potentially linked to the internal characteristics of each establishment, such as the qua- lity of management and specific recruitment processes. |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse les difficultés anticipées par les entreprises en France lorsqu'elles envisagent de recruter. En croisant les données des enquêtes Besoins en main-d'oeuvre de 2018 et 2019 avec les données d'entreprise FARE et DADS, nous étudions comment les difficultés de recrutement se déclinent selon le secteur, la localisation et la taille de l'établissement et selon les caractéristiques du bassin d'emploi. L'ensemble de ces caractéristiques explique environ 6 % de la variance totale observée des difficultés de recrutement anticipées et jusqu'à 14 % si l'on y ajoute les difficultés de recrutement éventuellement anticipées l'année précédente. L'essentiel des difficultés anticipées résulte ainsi de facteurs non observés dans les données utilisées dans cet article, en lien potentiellement avec les caractéristiques internes propres à chaque établissement, comme la qualité du management et les spécificités des processus de recrutement. |
| Keywords: | company data, Probit, recruitment difficulties, données d'entreprises, difficultés de recrutement |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05185909 |
| By: | Matthew Curtis (University of Southern Denmark); David de la Croix (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)); Filippo Manfredini (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)); Mara Vitale (UNIVERSITE CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES)) |
| Abstract: | We present new annual time-series data on academic human capital across Europe from 1200 to 1793, constructed by aggregating individual-level measures at three geographic scales: cities, present-day countries (as of 2025), and historically informed macro-regions. Individual human capital is derived from a composite index of publication outcomes, based on data from the Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae (RETE) database. The macro-regional classifications are designed to reflect historically coherent entities, offering a more relevant perspective than modern national boundaries. This framework allows us to document key patterns, including the Little Divergence in academic human capital between Northern and Southern Europe, the effect of the Black Death and the Thirty Years' War on academic human capital, the respective contributions of academies and universities, regional inequality within the Holy Roman Empire, and the distinctiveness of the Scottish Enlightenment. |
| Keywords: | human capital, universities, academies, pre-industrial Europe, long-run growth, Little Divergence |
| JEL: | N33 O47 I23 |
| Date: | 2025–08–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2025012 |
| By: | Albert Prades-Colomé |
| Abstract: | As populations age, understanding the health impact of long-term care systems is critical for shaping effective policy. This study investigates the association between long-term care benefits and mortality risk among older adults in Catalonia, Spain, using comprehensive administrative data from July 2015 to December 2024. The analysis focuses on individuals aged 50+ who were assessed for long-term care needs, categorizing them by severity (Grades I–III) and type of benefit received: home care, residential care, a combination of both or no benefit. Applying survival analysis techniques—including Kaplan-Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models—it finds that individuals with long-term care needs receiving benefits have significantly lower mortality hazards. Notably, individuals transitioning from home to residential care exhibit the most favourable hazard ratios, suggesting that responsive care pathways are associated with better survival outcomes, potentially due to a most accurate matching of care to needs. Residential care alone is associated to higher mortality risk than home care in the population with the highest grades of long-term care needs. Individuals with recognized longterm care needs who do not receive any benefits face significantly higher risks, a pattern that may reflect the consequences of unmet care needs. Mortality risk varies by sex, age, and clinical profile, with higher hazards observed among men, older individuals, and those with haematological, neoplastic, or respiratory conditions. These findings underscore the association between formal long-term care systems and lower mortality risk and emphasize the importance of timely, adaptive care pathways in mitigating health decline among aging populations. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaddt:2025-10 |
| By: | Rowland, Neil; Jahanshahi, Babak; McVicar, Duncan; Miller, Corina |
| Abstract: | Exclusion is a disciplinary practice used by headteachers which removes misbehaving pupils from the classroom or from the school, either temporarily or permanently. Its growing use has led to increased concern about potential negative effects on excluded pupils, including on their educational achievement. This paper estimates the effect of being excluded on subject test scores and teacher assessment outcomes using detailed administrative data on an entire cohort of pupils in the English state school system. To mitigate selection bias, we use a novel empirical approach for this literature which compares excluded pupils with pupils who experienced exclusion after outcomes were measured but not before. We find that excluded pupils perform worse in subsequent tests and teacher assessments, with 0.03-0.07 standard deviation lower standardised test scores and 2.5-3.6 percentage point higher probability of not reaching the expected level in teacher assessments. We assess the extent to which these estimated associations might reflect a negative causal impact of exclusion. |
| Keywords: | school exclusion, educational achievement, administrative data |
| JEL: | I24 I28 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:qmsrps:202507 |
| By: | Poon, Neo; Haworth, Claire; Goulding, James; Skatova, Anya |
| Abstract: | Chronic pain is a global obstacle to well-being and workplace productivity, yet its full extent and impacts are extremely difficult to measure and monitor. Utilising two novel sets of digital footprints data, we develop a new approach to model the prevalence of pain through self-medication behaviours, with the purchases of pain relief products leveraged as a proxy indicator. In Study 1, we obtain anonymous shopping records from a pharmacy chain en masse (20, 500, 952 customers) and compute pain prevalence for each local authority district (LAD) in the UK, showing regional-level evidence that the prevalence of pain is associated with shorter working hours and more individuals working part-time as indicated by official statistics. In Study 2, we gather shopping history and survey responses directly from 828 participants, demonstrating individual-level evidence that those who purchase more painkillers experience more pain, are less likely to work full-time, and also more likely to be restricted in their workplace attendance. This paper introduces a novel approach to measure prevalence of pain and illustrates the detrimental effects of pain on work-related outcomes beyond absenteeism, offering key insights into how self-medication patterns can be extracted from shopping data and linked to health conditions. |
| Date: | 2025–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:4mq3f_v1 |
| By: | Robbie Maris (UCL Centre for Education Policy & Equalising Opportunities (CEPEO) & Education Policy Institute (EPI)) |
| Abstract: | Upper secondary education is critical in preparing young people for further study. This paper explores how various upper-secondary education pathways influence students' progression to further study, shedding light on their effectiveness in expanding educational opportunities. Using linked English administrative data, we compare progression outcomes across a range of pathways, including the brand new T level vocational pathway and the increasingly popular mixed (academic and vocational) track. We consider progression across three dimensions - overall progression to further study, progression to high-quality further study and preparedness for further study, proxied by drop out rates. We find that students on the new T level pathway are more likely to progress to higher technical qualifications and advanced apprenticeships than all other pathways. However, T level students are significantly less likely to enter university and, when they do, are disproportionately represented in lower-tariff institutions and courses. This is despite policy promises that T levels would be a "springboard" to higher education (HE). Conditional on progressing to further study, T level students are well prepared for their chosen course of study and they drop out at significantly lower rates than other learners. We also show that some pathways are more effective at supporting low SES students in progressing to further study. |
| Keywords: | Higher Education, Progression, Qualifications, UK, Vocational |
| JEL: | D39 I23 I26 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucl:cepeow:25-08 |
| By: | Philip Bodenschatz; Katharina Erhardt; Lisandra Flach; Lukas Eberth |
| Abstract: | Maritime transportation is central to Germany’s international trade, with about half of extra-EU imports and exports relying on sea transport. Much of this trade is routed indirectly through a small number of global hubs, leaving Germany highly exposed to disruptions at key maritime chokepoints. Using data on shipping routes, this report quantifies Germany’s dependence on six major chokepoints: the Strait of Hormuz, the Strait of Bab al-Mandab, the Strait of Malacca, the Strait of Taiwan, the Suez Canal, and the Panama Canal. Results show that in 2023, nearly 10 percent of German imports passed through the Suez Canal, with similarly high reliance on the Bab al-Mandab, Malacca, and Taiwan straits, while dependence on the Strait of Hormuz was below 1 percent. Dependence varies substantially across products, sectors, and trading partners: some products rely almost exclusively on a single chokepoint, while others are diversified; trade with certain countries can be affected by up to five chokepoints simultaneously. The analysis underscores Germany’s vulnerability to disruptions in global maritime trade and the importance of accounting for product-, partner-, and sector-specific dependencies. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpr:_56 |
| By: | Anders Humlum; Pernille Plato |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that effective reskilling can have profound mental health benefits for workers and their partners. Using institutional variation in access to higher education after work accidents in Denmark, we find that reskilling prevents one case of depression for every three injured workers. Strikingly, the spillover effects on partners are just as large. These mental health gains are accompanied by higher partner employment and increased separation rates, suggesting that reskilling frees partners from costly relationship commitments. Together, the mental health and partner benefits add 83% to the direct labor earnings gains from reskilling. |
| JEL: | I18 I26 I31 J12 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34095 |
| By: | Jakob Segerlind (Department of Economics, New School For Social Research, USA) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the role of the Great Depression as a driver of income leveling, using new evidence on Stockholm’s income distribution between 1926 and 1936. Drawing on previously unexploited Swedish Tax Assessment Calendars and official tabulated tax data, the study generates detailed estimates of income shares across the distribution. Contrary to conventional narratives portraying financial crises as powerful equalizers, the Gini coefficient in Stockholm remained stable throughout the Depression, despite a moderately severe domestic financial crisis. While the top 1 percent income share declined modestly, the lower half of the distribution saw no relative improvement. These findings challenge the interpretation of the Great Depression as a major “leveling event” in Sweden by downplaying its immediate distributive effects and instead pointing toward the importance of fundamental political and structural transformations that were not driven by the crisis itself. The results underscore the ambiguous relationship between financial crises and inequality, offering a historical perspective relevant to contemporary debates beyond Sweden. |
| Keywords: | Income inequality, financial crisis, Great Depression, Stockholm, income distribution, political economy |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:new:wpaper:2511 |
| By: | Andres Rodriguez-Pose; Lewis Dijkstra; Chiara Dorat |
| Abstract: | Over the past two decades, support for Eurosceptic parties has climbed from fringe to nearly one-third of voters. Promising renewed prosperity through less European integration, these partiesimplyEuroscepticismisa‘freelunch.’Drawingonanoriginalpanelof1, 166European NUTS-3 regions (2004-2023) and using fixed-, random-eNects, and diNerence-in-diNerences designs, we test how rising Euroscepticism connects with regional economic and demographic outcomes. We track GDP per capita, productivity, employment, and population growth. We find that a region 10 points more Eurosceptic than another could have ended up with GDP per capita roughly 5% lower than the less Eurosceptic region, as the negative economic influence of Euroscepticism compounds across cycles and intensified after the financial and austerity crises. The same applies for productivity and employment. Demographic impacts are smaller but point in the same direction. Even without governing, Eurosceptic support appears to deter investment and raise uncertainty, deepening the very stagnation that fuels discontent. There is no free lunch: political backlash against European integration carries a measurable costs for the regions that embrace it. |
| Keywords: | Euroscepticism; Economic development; Population growth; European integration; Political discontent; Regions; EU |
| JEL: | F15 D72 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2526 |
| By: | Langendorff, Nina; van der Velden, Rolf (ROA / Labour market and training, RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research) |
| Abstract: | In an ever more diversifying society, an odd development is taking place: people seem to be living increasingly in their own bubble with like-minded people. This is reflected in the Dutch primary school system, where school segregation remains one of the highest of all European countries (EENEE, et al., 2021). This study explores desegregation policy interventions in the Dutch context. It systematically analyzes these policies, and the mechanisms that impact their successfulness. The corresponding research question is “What are the main policy interventions in the Dutch municipal context to counter primary school segregation, and what mechanisms and processes shape their effectiveness?”. The investigated policies are cooperating in central admission policy, organizing central information provision, increasing educational quality, merging schools, and tactically placing new schools. Literature research has been conducted through three policy evaluation frameworks, namely Schneider and Ingram’s Policy Design Framework (1997), Hemerijck’s framework on the Core Questions on Policy (2003), and Shiffman and Smith’s Political Priority Framework (2007). This research adds to the body of research on policy approaches to counteract primary school segregation in the Netherlands. It can provide tools to consider for municipalities when implementing or executing one of the researched policy interventions to decrease school segregation. |
| JEL: | I21 I24 I28 J62 J68 |
| Date: | 2025–08–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umaror:2025001e |
| By: | Langendorff, Nina; van der Velden, Rolf (ROA / Labour market and training, RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research) |
| Abstract: | In an ever more diversifying society, an odd development is taking place: people seem to be living increasingly in their own bubble with like-minded people. This is reflected in the Dutch primary school system, where school segregation remains one of the highest of all European countries (EENEE, et al., 2021). This study explores desegregation policy interventions in the Dutch context. It systematically analyzes these policies, and the mechanisms that impact their successfulness. The corresponding research question is “What are the main policy interventions in the Dutch municipal context to counter primary school segregation, and what mechanisms and processes shape their effectiveness?”. The investigated policies are cooperating in central admission policy, organizing central information provision, increasing educational quality, merging schools, and tactically placing new schools. Literature research has been conducted through three policy evaluation frameworks, namely Schneider and Ingram’s Policy Design Framework (1997), Hemerijck’s framework on the Core Questions on Policy (2003), and Shiffman and Smith’s Political Priority Framework (2007). This research adds to the body of research on policy approaches to counteract primary school segregation in the Netherlands. It can provide tools to consider for municipalities when implementing or executing one of the researched policy interventions to decrease school segregation. |
| JEL: | I21 I24 I28 J62 J68 |
| Date: | 2025–08–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umagsb:2025005 |
| By: | Daniel Czarnowske; Florian Heiss; Theresa M. A. Schmitz; Amrei Stammann |
| Abstract: | This study uses double/debiased machine learning to evaluate the impact of transitioning from lecture-based blended teaching to a flipped classroom concept in a cohort comparison of a large compulsory introductory statistics course at a German tuition-free university. Our findings indicate positive changes in students' self-conception and a reduction in procrastination behaviors. However, we also observe a decline in the enjoyment of classroom sessions. Contrary to theoretical expectations, we do not find significant positive effects on exam scores, passing rates, or knowledge retention. Unlike most studies, however, we can leverage detailed usage data from the flipped cohort, including the timeliness and completeness of pre-class video watching, as well as quiz participation patterns, to check how well students implemented each part of the curriculum. Our findings suggest that, on average, students in the flipped cohort implemented the instructional approach insufficiently, explaining the mechanism of our null results in exam performance and knowledge retention. This highlights the need for additional strategies to ensure that students actually benefit from a flipped curriculum. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.10140 |
| By: | Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière (Université de Lille, CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé); Mathieu Narcy (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam], CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé) |
| Abstract: | En 2015, la France mettait en place une réforme de l'indemnisation du congé parental afin d'encourager un meilleur partage de ce congé entre les parents et de favoriser le retour en emploi des mères. Pour les familles donnant naissance à un deuxième enfant ou plus, l'indemnisation a été réduite de trois ans à deux ans en cas de non partage, rendant de facto impossible une indemnisation de trois ans pour un seul et même parent (souvent la mère). Cette étude évalue l'effet de cette mesure sur la prise du congé parental des pères, l'emploi des mères et le recours aux modes de garde formels. Ce numéro de Connaissance de l'emploi montre que la réforme n'a pas réellement permis un meilleur partage du congé, puisque le recours des pères demeure très marginal. Par ailleurs, malgré un impact positif sur le retour en emploi des mères, en évitant notamment à certaines d'entre elles une sortie durable du marché du travail, cet effet est resté limité en raison du faible partage du congé entre les deux parents et de l'insuffisance de modes de garde disponibles pour les enfants de moins de trois ans. Cette réforme a de ce fait contribué à augmenter le recours aux modes de garde informels. |
| Date: | 2025–07–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05167142 |
| By: | Daniel Engler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Marvin Gleue (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Gunnar Gutsche (Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics); Gerrit Hornung (University of Kassel, Institute of Business Law); Sophia Möller (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Sabrina Schomberg (University of Kassel, Institute of Business Law); Andreas Ziegler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Inspired by the controversial public and political debate in the European Union (EU) about legal initiatives to protect human rights and the environment along supply chains (e.g., the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, CSDDD), this paper examines individual preferences for different designs of supply chain laws that are stricter than the current national legislation. Our econometric analysis is based on data from a representative online survey of 507 citizens in Germany that especially included a stated choice experiment. Our estimation results show that individuals in Germany, on average, have a significantly positive preference for stricter supply chain laws compared to the existing national Supply Chain Act. In addition, the majority of the respondents expect positive sustainability impacts of supply chain laws, while there is ambiguity in the perceptions of whether the economic consequences are predominantly negative. With respect to political attitudes, our results show that citizens with a social or ecological political identification have significantly stronger preferences for stricter supply chain laws. However, in contrast to the strong opposition of conservative and liberal parties in Germany to stricter supply chain legislation, individuals with a liberal or conservative political identification do not have significantly different preferences for stricter supply chain laws than their counterparts. Our results therefore suggest that the political blockade of supply chain laws does not correspond to the views of the majority of the population in Germany. |
| Keywords: | Supply chain laws, individual preferences, stated choice experiment |
| JEL: | K23 K32 K38 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202509 |
| By: | Legewie, Nicolas; Shiffer-Sebba, Doron; Jacobsen, Jannes; Goldstein, Yoav; Dollmann, Jörg |
| Abstract: | Dietrich and Sands (2023) used New York City traffic camera footage to experimentally examine the effect of a pair of racialized confederate bystanders on the distance pedestrians maintained from those bystanders as they passed them on the sidewalk. Across their block-randomized experimental conditions, the authors found that pedestrians deviated by around 4 inches on average, maintaining larger distances from Black individuals as opposed to White individuals. Their point estimate was significant at the 5% level. In this conceptual replication we use data from a new context and new data collection technique, using 3D videos and computer vision models to estimate the effect of minoritized bystanders on pedestrian distance in Berlin, Germany. Despite these differences to the original study, we directionally reproduce Dietrich and Sands' main claim. Writ large, pedestrians maintain a larger distance from Muslim bystanders of Middle Eastern descent wearing jalabiyas (a religious Muslim garment), as opposed to White bystanders wearing jeans and t-shirts, in the German context. Using bootstrapped sub-samples from our data, our point estimates range from 0.39 inches (1 cm) to 9.84 inches (25 cm), with an average difference in distance of about 5.9 inches (15 cm). This roughly mirrors Dietrich and Sands' finding of a 4-inch difference. However, our replication finds greater heterogeneity across locations, where different types of areas and different streets show opposite patterns. Our pooled results are only statistically significant at the 5% level when using a wild block bootstrap but are not significant when using clustered standard errors. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:250 |
| By: | David Cayla (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage) |
| Abstract: | Les partis d'extrême droite et les sentiments identitaires se sont renforcés en Europe ces dernières années. Trois causes peuvent expliquer ce phénomène : le renforcement des rivalités nationales du fait d'un fédéralisme budgétaire inachevé, la restructuration des économies nationales poussée par les dynamiques du marché unique et enfin les flux migratoires induits par les dynamiques de spécialisation économique. Ces phénomènes sont le fruit du tournant néolibéral pris dans les années 1980 qui nourrit la frustration démocratique. En l'absence de stratégie susceptible de rendre aux peuples leur capacité à peser sur leur destin, c'est-à-dire leur souveraineté, il y a tout lieu de penser que les replis identitaires vont encore se renforcer. |
| Keywords: | extrême droite, marché unique européen, politique européenne, fédéralisme européen, polarisation industrielle |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05178244 |
| By: | Selvaraju, Sangeeth; Robins, Nick |
| Abstract: | This briefing examines the just transition agenda at the Port Talbot steel works, South Wales, and compares the UK experience with steps to achieve green steel in other European countries. It closes with lessons and recommendations for action by the UK and Welsh governments, for Tata Steel and similar companies, and for the financial system. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129021 |
| By: | Christopher Prömel; Max Friedrich Steinhardt |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of unemployment on bitterness, which describes a feeling of not having achieved what one deserves compared to others. Pooled OLS and fixed effects estimates reveal a positive association between unemployment and bitterness. To identify the causal effect of unemployment on bitterness, we exploit variation from plant closures and layoffs in Germany, combining entropy balancing with difference-in-differences estimation. We find that unemployment leads to a substantial and significant increase in bitterness of nearly half a point on the 1-7 point Likert scale. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings and that both the experience of job loss and the state of being unemployed contribute separately to a significant increase in bitterness, with longer unemployment duration resulting in higher levels of bitterness. Lastly, we evaluate the persistence of our effects, finding significant long-term effects for those who remain unemployed for over one year. |
| Keywords: | Bitterness, Attitudes, Unemployment, Job Loss |
| JEL: | I31 J64 J65 |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0068 |
| By: | Andres Rodriguez-Pose; |
| Abstract: | This paper outlines a renewed vision for the EU’s Cohesion Policy amid the growing political uncertainty threatening its very viability. Drawing on the High-Level Group on the Future of Cohesion Policy’s findings, it advocates for a more dynamic, systemic approach emphasising institutional capacity, territorial sensitivity, global links, and performance-based delivery. These are areas where past reforms have underdelivered. It warns against marginalising cohesion in favour of top-down, centralised strategies, arguing it is more than a funding tool. Cohesion Policy is the EU’s most democratic mechanism, fostering trust, participation, and unity. Revitalising it is essential for competitiveness, resilience, and the very future of Europe. |
| Keywords: | EU Cohesion Policy, Regional development, Policy reform, EU enlargement |
| JEL: | R11 R58 O18 D72 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2524 |
| By: | Ismaël Rafaï (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Bérengère Davin-Casalena (ORS PACA - Observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur [Marseille]); Dimitri Dubois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Thierry Blayac (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Bruno Ventelou (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have made it possible to detect neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) earlier, potentially improving patient outcomes. However, AI-based detection tools remain underutilized. We studied individual valuation for early diagnosis tests for NDDs. We conducted a discrete choice experiment with a representative sample of the French adult population (N = 1017). Participants were asked to choose between early diagnosis tests that differed in terms of: (1) type of test (saliva vs. AI-based tests analysing electronic health records); (2) identity of the person communicating the test results; (3) sensitivity; (4) specificity; and (5) price. We calculated the weights in the decision for each attribute and examined how socio-demographic characteristics influenced them. Respondents revealed a reduced utility value when AI-based testing was involved (valuated at an average of €36.08, CI [€22.13; €50.89]) and when results were communicated by a private company (€95.15, CI [€82.01; €109.82]). We interpret these figures as the shadow price that the public attaches to medical data privacy. Beyond monetization, our representative sample of the French population appears reluctant to adopt AI-powered screening, particularly when performed on large sets of personal data. However, they would be more supportive when medical expertise is associated with the tests. |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05189620 |
| By: | Hielscher, Stefan; Schultz, Felix Carl; Valentinov, Vladislav; Pies, Ingo |
| Abstract: | This short contribution extends Smith et al.'s "Moral Moments Model" by adding a governance lens. We contend that compliance-based control systems (CBCSs) confine moral agency through rigid rules and narrow discretion, whereas virtue-based control systems (VBCSs) purposefully preserve uncertainty to nurture moral judgment and character. Using Structured Ethical Debriefings (SEBs) as an illustration, we show how institutionalized debriefings can rekindle moral moments by embedding reflection on ethically charged incidents even within highly regulated environments. Two propositions follow: (1) well-designed governance mechanisms can spark moral moments in either system; and (2) cultivating moral character is a critical challenge not only for individuals but also for organizations-especially for corporate citizens striving to shoulder genuine social responsibility. |
| Abstract: | Dieser Kurzbeitrag erweitert das "Moral Moments Model" von Smith et al. um eine Governance-Perspektive. Wir argumentieren, dass Compliance-basierte Kontrollsysteme (CBCSs) die moralische Handlungsfähigkeit durch starre Regeln und geringe Ermessensspielräume einschränken, während Tugend-basierte Kontrollsysteme (VBCSs) Ungewissheit bewusst bewahren, um moralisches Urteilsvermögen und Charakterbildung zu fördern. Am Beispiel von Structured Ethical Debriefings (SEBs) zeigen wir, wie institutionalisierte Nachbesprechungen moralische Momente neu entfachen können, indem sie die Reflexion über ethisch aufgeladene Ereignisse selbst in stark regulierten Umgebungen verankern. Daraus folgen zwei Thesen: (1) Gut gestaltete Governance-Mechanismen können in beiden Systemtypen moralische Momente auslösen. (2) Moralische Charakterbildung ist eine wichtige Herausforderung nicht nur auf der Ebene von Individuen, sondern auch auf der Ebene von Organisationen - insbesondere für Unternehmen, die als Corporate Citizens gesellschaftliche Verantwortung übernehmen wollen. |
| Keywords: | Moral Agency, Moral Character, Moral Moments, Governance, Virtue Ethics, Structured Ethical Debriefing, Moralische Handlungsfähigkeit, moralischer Charakter, moralische Momente, Tugendethik, strukturierte ethische Nachbesprechung, corporate citizens |
| JEL: | M14 D63 D83 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mlucee:323215 |
| By: | Tarik Saikouk (CERIIM - Centre de Recherche en Intelligence et Innovation Managériales - Excelia Group | La Rochelle Business School); Florian Magnani (MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon) |
| Abstract: | While technical deployments of lean have often failed to deliver lasting results, the integration of social, behavioral, and organizational dimensions now appears essential to turn lean into a strategic lever suited to today's challenges. This article adopts a retrospective and narrative approach to retrace the evolution of lean in three stages: from a tool-centered technical paradigmto a sociotechnical perspective incorporating human resource management, and finally toward a forward-looking vision of Lean5.0, primarily rooted in its human dimension. The article calls for moving beyond an instrumental view of lean to consider it as an adaptive sociotechnical system. Two research directions are proposed: vertical alignment between strategy, structures, and behaviors; and horizontal development of communities of practice that foster trust, cooperation, and resilience. |
| Abstract: | Alors que les déploiements techniques du lean ont souvent échoué à produire des résultats pérennes, l'intégration des dimensions sociales, comportementales et organisationnelles apparaît aujourd'hui comme essentielle pour faire du lean un levier stratégique adapté aux enjeux contemporains. Cet article retrace la trajectoire du lean en adoptant une approche rétrospective et narrative, articulée en trois temps : d'un paradigme technique centré sur les outils, à une lecture sociotechnique intégrant la gestion des ressources humaines, jusqu'à une vision prospective d'un Lean 5.0, principalement ancré dans sa dimension humaine. L'article invite à dépasser une vision instrumentale du lean pour en faire un système socio-technique adaptatif. Deux axes de recherche sont proposés : l'alignement vertical entre stratégie, structures et comportements ; et le développement horizontal de communautés de pratiques favorisant la confiance, la coopération et la résilience. |
| Keywords: | Lean, Industry 5.0, Sociotechnical system, Organizational transformation, Système sociotechnique, Transformation organisationnelle, Industrie 5.0 |
| Date: | 2025–07–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05194349 |
| By: | Maria A. Cattaneo; Christian Gschwendt; Stefan C. Wolter |
| Abstract: | The global rise in tertiary educational attainment has been attributed to various factors, most commonly higher expected earnings, improved protection against technological change, and prospects for upward social mobility. In a large-scale discrete-choice experiment with nearly 6, 000 adults, we show that when these three factors are held constant, individuals show on average no additional intrinsic willingness to pay (WTP) for a university degree. Individuals are willing to forgo an amount of income roughly equivalent to the total cost of obtaining a university degree - including opportunity and direct costs-when trading off such a degree against basic vocational education. However, we observe significant heterogeneity depending on respondents' own educational attainment, gender and type of tertiary education: individuals with tertiary qualifications and men assign a higher value to higher education and the WTP is higher for university of applied degrees compared to academic university degrees. |
| Keywords: | University, discrete choice experiment, willingness to pay, Switzerland |
| JEL: | I21 I23 I26 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iso:educat:0247 |
| By: | Zechlin, Linus |
| Abstract: | The economic complexity framework by César Hidalgo and Ricardo Hausmann has inspired a substantial body of literature throughout recent years. Following previous research, which explored the various drivers of economic complexity, this article contributes by exploring the interplay with financial development. For the base sample of the European Union, a positive effect of financial development on economic complexity is found, identifying the financial institutions channel as the strongest driver of the Economic Complexity Index. Critical reflection leads to the assumption that a holistic replication of the study on a global scale could retrieve non-linear characteristics of said relationship. |
| Keywords: | Economic Complexity, Financial Development, European Economics |
| JEL: | C51 G10 G20 O16 O30 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:323944 |
| By: | Vojtech Bartos |
| Abstract: | Discrimination remains a persistent challenge with significant moral and economic consequences. While extensive economics research has documented its existence, identifying effective strategies for reducing discrimination remains an evolving field. This chapter synthesizes theoretical perspectives from economics and psychology, integrating them with recent empirical findings on discrimination reduction. It reviews interventions that mitigate bias by manipulating the cost of discrimination, shaping information processing, leveraging intergroup contact, changing attitudes, and manipulating identity perceptions. The discussion covers taste-based and statistical discrimination models, implicit bias frameworks, and psychological theories of discrimination. A particular emphasis is placed on well-identified and sufficiently powered studies, including field experiments with incentivized measures. By bridging insights across disciplines, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of effective discrimination reduction strategies, highlights remaining gaps, and outlines directions for future research to develop scalable solutions. |
| Keywords: | discrimination reduction, bias mitigation, statistical and taste-based discrimination, implicit bias, intergroup contact |
| JEL: | D6 D9 J1 J7 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12045 |
| By: | Frederic-Alexander Starmann (Paderborn University); Sylvia Hubner-Benz Author-2-Name-First: Sylvia Author-2-Name-Last: Hubner-Benz (Paderborn University); Michael Frese Author-3-Name-First: Michael Author-3-Name-Last: Frese (Asia School of Business; Leuphana University of Lueneburg); Zhaoli Song Author-4-Name-First: Zhaoli Author-4-Name-Last: Song (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | While the importance of teams for innovation and entrepreneurship is well acknowledged, research shows that teams often struggle to generate or select ideas effectively. However, research suggests that teams’ strengths show in idea elaboration, that is, in collectively developing ideas further. Yet despite its apparent relevance, this crucial phase in the idea journey remains understudied, particularly the interactions that drive successful elaboration in exploratory innovation. This study examines how entrepreneurial teams elaborate ideas through their interactions and how different modes of collective idea elaboration shape the creative output. Through qualitative video analysis of 79 entrepreneurial teams during a 60-minute exploratory innovation task, we identified four distinct modes of collective idea elaboration. Creative synthesis transforms ideas through collective reasoning, while patchworking aggregates ideas through parallel individual reasoning. Static evaluation involves judgment without development, and (expedited) closure reflects minimal collective engagement with both team and content. We characterize these modes along two analytical dimensions, engagement intensity (deep versus superficial) and engagement orientation (developmental versus evaluative), and develop a theoretical model highlighting their dynamic and situated nature. By taking a dialogical perspective, we show when and why these dimensions of engagement shift throughout the creative work process and shape an idea’s trajectory. Our findings contribute to the literature on team creativity and innovation. (abstract of the paper) |
| Keywords: | Team Creativity and Innovation, Dialogical Perspectives, Process, Idea Elaboration, Exploratory Innovation |
| JEL: | L26 O31 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:154 |
| By: | Agnoletto, Margherita (University of Turin); Della Giusta, Marina (University of Turin); Mendolia, Silvia (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of intensive social media use on puberty timing, particularly earlier menarche in girls. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), a nationally representative longitudinal dataset tracking around 19, 000 children in the UK, we analyse how digital engagement influences adolescent development. Our results show that intensive social media use significantly accelerates menarche in girls but has no clear effect on male puberty markers. The likely mechanism behind this effect is the negative impact of social media on mental health, particularly stress and anxiety, which have been linked to earlier menarche. Our findings highlight social media use itself as a potential risky behaviour, reinforcing concerns about its effects on adolescent well-being. |
| Keywords: | menarche, stress, social media, risky behaviours |
| JEL: | I12 I31 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18013 |
| By: | Jean-Victor Alipour |
| Abstract: | I study how the rise in working from home (WFH) affects the gender division of paid and unpaid labor (caregiving, domestic tasks). Identification uses differences in individuals' exposure to the Covid-induced WFH shock, measured by the WFH feasibility of their job in 2019. Using panel data from the German SOEP, I estimate 2SLS models that instrument realized WFH in 2022 with WFH feasibility. Results show that WFH reduces paid hours and increases domestic work and leisure (including sleep) among women. Men's time use remains largely unchanged, partly because WFH induces moves toward larger, more distant homes, offsetting commuting time savings. Within-couple analyses confirm that the Big Shift to WFH intensifies gender gaps in paid and unpaid work, particularly caregiving. I find that gender norms, bargaining power, and childcare demands interact with WFH in ways that reinforce the unequal division of labor. |
| Keywords: | work from home, time use, unpaid work, division of labor, gender norms, bargaining power |
| JEL: | J16 J22 J13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12052 |
| By: | Filipe R. Campante; Ruben Durante; Felix Hagemeister; Ananya Sen |
| Abstract: | We study how AI-generated misinformation affects demand for trustworthy news, using data from a field experiment by a major German outlet, Süddeutsche Zeitung (SZ). Readers were randomly assigned to a treatment highlighting the challenge of distinguishing real from AI-generated images. The treatment raised concern with misinformation (0.3 s.d.) and reduced trust in news (0.1 s.d.), including SZ. Importantly, it affected post-survey browsing behavior: daily visits to SZ digital content rose by 2.5% in the immediate aftermath of the treatment. Moreover, we find that subscriber retention increased by 1.1% after five months, corresponding to about a one-third drop in attrition rate. Results are consistent with a model where the relative value of trustworthy news sources increases with the prevalence of misinformation, which may thus boost engagement with those sources even while lowering trust in news content. |
| JEL: | D12 L82 L86 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34100 |
| By: | Virginie Hamm (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Fenintsoa Andriamasinoro (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Moustapha Mounmemi (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Xavier Galiègue (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Xavier Moch (AFPG - Association des professionnels de la géothermie); Frédérik Bugarel (CFG - Compagnie Française de Géothermie); Remi Beaulieu (AMORCE - AMORCE); Muriel Doucet (AgreenTech Valley - Le LAB’O); Thomas Schmit (AgreenTech Valley - Le LAB’O) |
| Abstract: | The Centre Val-de-Loire region sees deep geothermal energy as a virtuous energy solution for the region, but to date it has not been widely deployed. To encourage its use, the region has financed a research project of regional interest, called "AMIGO". The project is being co-ordinated by BRGM in partnership with LEO (Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orléans), AFPG (Association Française des Professionnels de la Géothermie), AMORCE (Association d'accompagnement des collectivités et des acteurs dans la transition énergétique) and AgreenTech Valley (national cluster dedicated to digital technologies for plant-based industries). Its aim is to draw up a set of arguments to help local authorities and private-sector players in the region to choose between the various possible sources of renewable energy for district heating networks, industrial processes or heating crops in greenhouses. To develop this argument, the phases of the project are: (1) to understand the position of the stakeholders with regard to deep geothermal energy, and (2) to gather the key information in the territorial context (socio-economic and environmental aspects of a deep geothermal energy project, information on the geothermal resource, demand for heat in the territory). This article presents the progress made in the process of constructing the argument, in particular the results of (1) the analysis of the positioning of stakeholders in the region and (2) the economic and environmental analysis of a deep geothermal energy project. |
| Abstract: | La géothermie profonde est vue par la région Centre Val-de-Loire comme une solution énergétique vertueuse pour le territoire, cependant, à ce jour, elle y reste peu déployée. Aussi, pour favoriser sa mise en œuvre, la région a financé un projet de recherche d'intérêt régional, appelé « AMIGO ». Ce projet est coordonné par le BRGM en partenariat avec le LEO (Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orléans), l'AFPG (Association Française des Professionnels de la Géothermie), l'AMORCE (Association d'accompagnement des collectivités et des acteurs dans la transition énergétique) et AgreenTech Valley (Cluster national dédié aux technologies numériques pour les filières végétales). Il a pour objectif d'établir un argumentaire pour aider les collectivités locales et les acteurs privés de la région à choisir entre les différentes sources d'énergie renouvelable possibles pour les réseaux de chauffage urbain, les processus industriels ou le chauffage des cultures sous serres. Pour développer cet argumentaire, les phases du projet sont : (1) comprendre le positionnement des acteurs vis-à-vis de la géothermie profonde, et (2) rassembler les informations clés dans le contexte territorial (aspects socio-économiques et environnementaux d'un projet de géothermie profonde, informations sur la ressource géothermale, demande de chaleur sur le territoire). Cet article présente les avancées dans le processus de construction de l'argumentaire, en particulier les résultats (1) de l'analyse du positionnement des acteurs de la région et (2) de l'analyse économique et environnementale d'un projet de géothermie profonde. |
| Keywords: | leviers, argumentaire, atouts, serristes, industriels, énergies renouvelables, collectivités, Région Centre-Val de Loire, freins, géothermie profond |
| Date: | 2025–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05044110 |
| By: | Mountford, Andrew (Royal Holloway, University of London); Wadsworth, Jonathan (Royal Holloway, University of London) |
| Abstract: | The empirical migration literature often identifies the labor market effects of immigration using exogenous variation of migration concentration across sectors. However, this approach differences out macroeconomic effects which occur in all sectors. We apply macroeconomic time series methods to UK labor market data for 35 different sectors, to model, for the first time, immigration, native wages and hours worked, as responding to demand, supply and immigration shocks at both aggregate and sectoral levels. The labor market is modeled as being subject to multiple shocks at any one time. Using VAR, we find that migrant labor is, in part, endogenously determined by aggregate demand and supply along with an exogenous component. Using historical decompositions which decompose both the error terms and, novelly, the constant terms into their structural parts, we show that the ‘migration shock’ accounts for most of the change in migration share and has a significant negative effect on native wage growth, particularly in unskilled sectors. However other contemporaneous shocks have offsetting positive associations between immigration and native wages, whoe effects differ across sectors |
| Keywords: | sectoral heterogeneity, VAR, supply, demand, immigration |
| JEL: | J6 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18026 |
| By: | Gianluca Cafiso; Marco Ferdinando Martorana |
| Abstract: | We investigate the extent to which crime, and the inability to effectively suppress it, affect the performance of local banks in terms of credit extension, asset quality, and profitability. The analysis focuses on cooperative banks in Italy, typically small institutions with strong ties to their local communities, over the period 2013–2023. The findings suggest that both crime and judicial inefficiency, even when considered separately and after controlling for banks’ operational efficiency, significantly influence credit extension and the incidence of non-performing loans. While their impact on overall profitability appears limited, non-interest income is significantly reduced. |
| Keywords: | cooperative banks, crime, judicial inefficiency, loans, profitability |
| JEL: | G21 E51 K42 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12025 |
| By: | Simon Hemmrich (Paderborn University); Ulvi Ibrahimli (Universität Würzburg); Axel Winkelmann (Universität Würzburg) |
| Abstract: | Information Systems (IS) is rooted in systems theory. Systems theory offers powerful concepts to address challenges of increasing system complexity and non-systemic design principles in information systems. Despite its systemic roots, systems theory remains a peripheral topic in IS. The study addresses this gap by introducing a comprehensive framework of 52 systems-theoretical concepts to guide the design of complex IS artifacts. We synthesize scattered systems knowledge from diverse disciplines to provide a unified level of abstraction for complex information system design. We ascertain the utility of our framework by applying it to a use case of blockchain-based reputation systems to show how the systems lens informs the design of a novel and complex information system. We make several contributions to literature. The framework introduces a systemic perspective that encourages IS researchers to rethink the design of IS artifacts. Such a lens enables the transcending of disciplinary boundaries. It also contributes to literature by offering a unified level of abstraction grounded in systems theory that serves as a coherent basis for artifact design. The study also bridges the gap between DSR and systems theory by abstracting design principles to the systems level to generate more generally applicable design knowledge. |
| Keywords: | Information Systems Research, Systems Theory, System Complexity, System Design, Design Science |
| JEL: | M15 B41 D83 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:149 |
| By: | Gabriel Bayle (GATE Lyon Saint-Étienne - Groupe d'Analyse et de Théorie Economique Lyon - Saint-Etienne - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - EM - EMLyon Business School - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marc Willinger (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | The minimum approval mechanism (MAM) was introduced by Masuda et al. ( 2014) as a mechanism aimed at mitigating free riding in the social dilemma context of a public good game. The MAM is a two-stage mechanism which theoretically achieves the socially optimum level of public good provision, according to various equilibrium concepts (e.g., backward elimination of weakly dominated strategies, level-k, or minimax regret). We study the robustness of this mechanism to the introduction of endowment heterogeneity. We explore, theoretically and experimentally, how endowment inequalities affect the effectiveness of the MAM at improving the level of provision. We find that the mechanism is still Pareto-improving under endowment heterogeneity, but that its efficiency diminishes as inequality is increased. Our experimental findings indicate a significant weakening of the mechanism under endowment inequalities, surpassing our theoretical predictions. A close examination of individual behaviors reveals a significant drop in contributions compared to the uniform case, prompted by even minor inequalities. Intriguingly, our findings challenge conventional assumptions by showing that inequality aversion drives contributions in a public good game with endowment disparities only under certain assumptions. We explore the impact of beliefs about the contributions of advantaged players as potential motivations through guilt aversion and Kantian preferences. |
| Keywords: | approval mechanism, inequalities, inequality aversion, public goods |
| Date: | 2025–07–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05173769 |
| By: | Probowo Erawan Sastroredjo; Marcel Ausloos; Polina Khrennikova |
| Abstract: | Our research investigates the relationship between eco-innovation and earnings management among 567 firms listed on the FTSE All-Share Index from 2014 to 2022. By examining how sustainability-driven innovation influences financial reporting practices, we explore the strategic motivations behind income smoothing in firms engaged in environmental initiatives. The findings reveal a positive association between eco-innovation and earnings management, suggesting that firms may leverage ecoinnovation not only for environmental signalling but also to project financial stability and meet stakeholder expectations. The analysis further uncovers that the propensity for earnings management is amplified in firms facing financial constraints, proxied by low Whited-Wu (WW) scores and weak sales performance, and in those characterised by high financial opacity. We employ a robust multi-method approach to address potential endogeneity and selection bias, including entropy balancing, propensity score matching (PSM), and the Heckman Test correction. Our research contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the dual strategic role of ecoinnovation -balancing sustainability signalling with earnings management, under varying financial conditions. The findings offer actionable insights for regulators, investors, and policymakers navigating the intersection of corporate transparency, financial health, and environmental responsibility. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.14935 |
| By: | Estelle Aragona (CRDMS - Centre de recherche en Droit et Management des services de santé - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon); Guillaume Jaubert (CRDMS - GRAPHOS - IFROSS Recherche - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon, CRDMS - Centre de recherche en Droit et Management des services de santé - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon); Emmanuelle Jouet (Laboratoire SM-SHS GHU Paris Psychiatrie Neurosciences et Enter Mental Health European Network, Paris, France.); Alis Montois; Léa Renouf |
| Abstract: | These factsheets are designed to support reflection and action aimed at structuring cooperation in the management of abuse cases involving vulnerable adults. Although numerous local actors — such as town halls, departmental social services, regional health agencies, police forces, public prosecutors, and non-profit organizations — are involved in addressing abuse, this issue was not the focus of a coordinated national public policy until 2024. The TACT (Traitement des Alertes de maltraitance en Coopération sur les Territoires – Treatment of Allegations of Abuse in Cooperation with Local Authorities) action-research project sought to gather and compare field-tested practices promoted by frontline professionals across several regions. The findings highlight two main challenges in managing reports of abuse involving vulnerable adults: Coordinating the various actors who receive and process reports; and Ensuring ongoing collaboration among stakeholders who contribute to local policies and follow-up on individual cases. These two challenges are often blurred in practice, as the same public authorities and professionals are involved in both missions — sometimes in overlapping and poorly defined ways. This situation was particularly evident before the adoption of the "bien vieillir - Ageing Well" Act in April 2024. While the need for coordination was frequently stressed in political discourse — in response to strong social demand — no single, clearly identified institution was given the authority to take the lead. The recent inclusion in the law of dedicated units for collecting and processing reports aims to address this lack of coordination. Previous efforts in this area had already been undertaken, but they were neither fully implemented nor sustained over time. Based on the findings of the TACT project concerning current practices in handling abuse reports, these nine reference sheets aim to support the implementation of the provisions introduced by the "bien vieillir - Ageing Well" Act of April 8, 2024. We refer to "TACT commissions" as collegial bodies whose mission is to coordinate operational work among all actors involved in the follow-up of abuse cases. These commissions are not mandated by law, nor do they require the creation of new structures. Instead, they build on existing collegial forums that local stakeholders have already established and tested. Their composition, scope, operations, and name are not pre-defined; they are shaped by local decisions. These factsheets are intended to support the recognition and improvement of cooperative practices, by guiding stakeholders through key questions and areas of reflection. |
| Abstract: | Ces fiches sont des aides à la réflexion et à l'action pour structurer la coopération dans le cadre du traitement des situations de maltraitance envers les adultes en situation de vulnérabilité Alors qu'elle implique une multitude d'acteurs locaux aux rôles et aux missions variées (mairies, services sociaux départementaux, Agences régionales de santé, forces de l'ordre, procureurs de la République, associations, etc.), la lutte contre la maltraitance n'a pas été véritablement coordonnée par une politique publique nationale avant 2024. La recherche-action TACT (Traitement des Alertes de maltraitance en Coopération sur les Territoires) a consisté à recueillir et comparer les pratiques éprouvées et promues par les acteurs de terrain rencontrés sur plusieurs territoires. Il apparaît que le traitement des signalements de maltraitance envers les adultes en situation de vulnérabilité pose deux principaux défis : la coordination des différents acteurs qui reçoivent les signalements de maltraitance ; la coopération d'un ensemble d'acteurs contribuant à la politique locale et au suivi de chaque situation. Ces deux enjeux sont souvent flous sur le terrain, puisque les mêmes autorités publiques et les mêmes acteurs sont impliqués dans ces deux missions, parfois dans des espaces redondants et mal identifiés. Et ce d'autant plus qu'avant la loi dite « Bien vieillir » d'avril 2024, l'impératif de coordination est vivement affiché dans les discours politiques, en réponse à une forte demande sociale, sans pour autant que fasse autorité une institution ou une instance unique bien identifiée. La récente inscription dans la loi des cellules de recueil et de traitement des signalements ambitionne de répondre à la problématique de coordination qui a déjà fait l'objet de mesures n'ayant pas été mises en œuvre de manière satisfaisante et durable. Partant des constats établis par la recherche-action TACT sur le fonctionnement actuel du traitement des signalements de maltraitance d'adultes en situation de vulnérabilité, voici 9 fiches repères pour faciliter la mise en œuvre des mesures de la loi dite « Bien vieillir » du 8 avril 2024. Nous appelons « commissions TACT » les espaces collégiaux dont la mission est d'organiser le travail opérationnel entre tous les acteurs impliqués dans le suivi des situations de maltraitance. Les commissions TACT ne sont pas imposées par la loi et n'ont pas à être créées ex nihilo : elles procèdent de la remise à plat des espaces collégiaux que les acteurs locaux ont déjà mis en place et éprouvés. La composition, le périmètre de mission, le fonctionnement opérationnel et la dénomination de ces commissions ne sont pas prédéfinis. Ces caractéristiques dépendent des décisions prises à l'échelle territoriale de manière concertée. Ces fiches repères ont été conçues pour accompagner cette capitalisation et cette valorisation des pratiques de coopération, en guidant le questionnement des parties prenantes |
| Keywords: | Recherche-action, coopération, politique publique, gouvernance, santé publique, maltraitance, sciences de gestion |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05150295 |
| By: | McLean, Andrew; McVicar, Duncan |
| Abstract: | This paper presents sibling fixed effects estimates of the relationship between school exclusion and subsequent academic achievement from population-wide administrative data on English secondary school students. It complements a growing base of quasi-experimental and individual fixed effects evidence on exclusion effects in predominantly US settings. We find that being excluded is negatively associated with subsequent achievement at school. We assess the extent to which this might reflect a negative causal impact of exclusion. |
| Keywords: | school exclusion, educational achievement, sibling fixed effects, administrative data |
| JEL: | I24 I28 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:qmsrps:202506 |
| By: | Da Costa Shaun Mark (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Prior studies assessing welfare across countries have utilised measures that combine country-level outcomes in income and life expectancy (or average lifespan). However, this perspective remains blind to the fact that two countries may have the same life expectancy or average income but very different underlying distributions from which they are derived. In this paper, I introduce a new preference-based measure of social welfare that is sensitive to within-country disparities in lifespan and income. To illustrate the measure, I compare welfare levels/trends between the EU and the USA. The results reveal that while the EU lags behind the USA in terms of average income, the gap is reduced or eliminated when welfare is measured more broadly. Moreover, EU welfare growth rates tend to increase, relative to the income-only case, as more importance is placed on the improvements accruing to the worst-off in society. In contrast, US growth rates are generally lower when its poorer health outcomes and higher levels of inequality are taken into account. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202505 |
| By: | Garnadt, Niklas; Füner, Lena (Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), TUM, and IAB); Stahl, Konrad (University of Mannheim, CEPR, CESifo and ZEW); Tåg, Joacim (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | Identifying high growth startups ex-ante and fostering their success is an important policy challenge. Using Swedish registry data, we show that previous labor market earnings of entrepreneurs is a simple observable that is strongly correlated with entrepreneurship success. Entrepreneurs from the top decile of income from dependent employment are four times more likely to succeed than those from the lowest decile. Their firms are larger and more productive from the outset, and this effect intensifies over time. This correlation is virtually unaffected by variations in the entrepreneurs’ personal traits. It does also not vary across the business cycle. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; High-growth startups; Labor income; Unemployment |
| JEL: | J24 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2025–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1529 |
| By: | Mathilde Marchand (LATTS - Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Gustave Eiffel - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); François-Mathieu Poupeau (LATTS - Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Gustave Eiffel - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | This article looks at the role played by the regions in energy and climate planning in France. Through an analysis of the implementation of the regional plans for land use, sustainable development and territorial equality (SRADDET) created by the 2015 NOTRe law, it shows that this level of government is struggling to assert its capacity for strategic action in the face of three types of stakeholders. First of all, the State continues to play a framing role, which is most apparent upstream in the process, in its desire to restrict the Regions to the role of relaying national guidelines. Secondly, network operators are seeking to retain their autonomy of action by developing their own planning strategies. Finally, sub-regional authorities are contesting the territorialisation of the plans, in the name of respect for the free administration of local authorities. The process of drawing up the SRADDETs thus reflects a balance of power that is unfavourable to the regions, and reflects the still-fragile position they currently occupy in the governance of energy and climate. |
| Abstract: | Cet article s'intéresse au rôle joué par les Régions dans la planification de l'énergie-climat en France. À travers l'analyse de la mise en œuvre des Schémas régionaux d'aménagement, de développement durable et d'égalité des territoires (Sraddet) créés par loi NOTRe de 2015, il montre que cet échelon peine à affirmer sa capacité d'action stratégique, face à trois types d'acteurs. L'État, tout d'abord, continue d'exercer un rôle de cadrage, qui se manifeste surtout en amont du processus, dans la volonté de circonscrire les Régions à une fonction de relais des orientations nationales. Les gestionnaires de réseaux, ensuite, cherchent à conserver une autonomie d'action en développant leur propre stratégie de planification. Les collectivités infrarégionales, enfin, contestent la territorialisation des schémas, au nom du respect de libre administration des collectivités locales. Le processus d'élaboration des Sraddet reflète ainsi un rapport de force défavorable aux Régions et traduit la place encore fragile qu'elles occupent actuellement dans la gouvernance de l'énergie-climat. |
| Keywords: | energy-climate, planification, territorialisation, State Régions, gouvernance, énergie-climat, État, Régions |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05196261 |
| By: | Aline Belloni (Ardans SAS - Ardans SAS); Patrick Prieur (Ardans SAS - Ardans SAS) |
| Abstract: | Business process modeling is used by most organizations as an essential framework for ensuring efficiency and effectiveness of the work and workflow performed by its employees and for ensuring the alignment of such work with its strategic goals. For organizations that are compliant or near-compliant with ISO 9001, this approach involves the detailed mapping of processes, sub-processes, activities, and tasks. ISO30401 is a Management System Standard, introduced in 2018, establishing universal requirements for the set up of a Knowledge Management System in an organization. As "ISO30401 implementers" we regularly face the challenge of explaining our clients how the knowledge development, transformation and conveyances activities depicted in ISO30401 do integrate with existing operational processes. This article recaps process modelling principles in the context of ISO9001 and explores, based on our experience, how an ISO30401-compliant Knowledge Management System (KMS) entwines with all other processes of an Integrated Management System and in particular how it can be implemented by deploying the mechanisms of the SECI model through the steps of PDCA cycles. |
| Abstract: | Avec l'évolution des approches processus au sein des organisations, l'importance croissante des systèmes de management de la qualité (comme l'ISO 9001) et l'introduction récente de l'ISO 30401 pour le management de la connaissance, nous examinons comment ces différents éléments convergent dans la perspective d'un Système de Management Intégré. L'article démontre notamment comment un système de management des connaissances ISO 30401 peut être mis en œuvre en déployant les mécanismes du modèle SECI au travers des étapes du cycle PDCA tel qu'appliqué dans les processus du système de management intégré. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Management System (KMS), Integrated Management System (IMS), Système de Management des connaissances (SKM), ISO 30401, SECI, PDCA, modélisation des processus (BPM), Approche systémique, Knowledge Management System ISO 30401 SECI PDCA Business process modelling Integrated Management System (IMS), Knowledge Management System, Business process modelling |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05170264 |
| By: | Houyam Boudaouine (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | In a context of continuous transformation of public management, marked by the influence of New Public Management (NPM), local authorities must adapt their internal organizations while ensuring the continuity of their essential missions. Waste management is an emblematic field of this tension, both from the point of view of governance and professional practices on the ground. This communication (poster) presents an analysis focused on the HRM practices at work in public waste management services, based on a qualitative survey conducted among garbage collectors (drivers and garbage collectors), waste disposal center agents, and their local managers. By framing a broader reflection on the changes in public management, it aims to understand how strategic objectives in terms of human resources are translated—or distorted—according to the adaptation made by local managers in their operational practices. The results reveal strong structural tensions between the political-managerial level and the operational level. Local managers, at the crossroads of top-down logic and the concrete realities of work, play a decisive but often invisible role as HR interface, mobilizing discreet room for maneuver and specific management tools to adapt policies to operational realities. Beyond the specific case of waste services, this study questions more broadly the conditions for the effectiveness of local public HR policies, and the capacity of public management to integrate the specificities of field professions into a more contextualized and realistic approach to human resources management. |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte de transformation continue du management public, marqué par l'influence de la Nouvelle Gestion Publique (NGP), les collectivités territoriales doivent adapter leurs organisations internes tout en assurant la continuité de leurs missions essentielles. La gestion des déchets constitue un champ emblématique de cette tension, tant du point de vue de la gouvernance que des pratiques professionnelles de terrain. Cette communication (poster) présente une analyse centrée sur les pratiques de GRH à l'œuvre dans les services publics de gestion des déchets, à partir d'une enquête qualitative menée auprès d'éboueurs (chauffeurs et ripeurs), des agents de déchetterie, et de leurs managers de proximité. En s'inscrivant dans une réflexion plus large sur les mutations du management public, elle vise à comprendre comment les objectifs stratégiques en matière de ressources humaines se traduisent — ou se déforment — selon l'adaptation qu'en font les managers de proximité dans leurs pratiques opérationnelles. Les résultats révèlent des tensions structurelles fortes entre le niveau politico-managérial et le niveau opérationnel. Les managers de proximité, à la croisée des logiques descendantes et des réalités concrètes du travail, jouent un rôle d'interface RH décisif mais souvent invisibilisé, mobilisant des marges de manœuvre discrètes et des outils de gestion spécifiques pour adapter les politiques aux réalités opérationnelles. Au-delà du cas spécifique des services déchets, cette étude interroge plus largement les conditions d'effectivité des politiques RH publiques locales, et la capacité du management public à intégrer les spécificités des métiers de terrain dans une approche plus contextualisée et réaliste de la gestion des ressources humaines. |
| Keywords: | Gestion publique des déchets ; Travailleurs des déchets ; Tensions stratégique/opérationnel ; Politiques RH ; Management/pratiques de proximité |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05168343 |
| By: | Hamermesh, Daniel S. (University of Texas at Austin); Myck, Michal (Centre for Economic Analysis, CenEA) |
| Abstract: | We consider how a physical disability alters patterns of time use. A disability may raise the time cost of all activities; of some—making them differentially less worth doing; or it may make switching activities more costly. The first yields no predictions about time use, but the latter two possibilities both predict that fewer activities will be undertaken, with more time spent on each. These explanations describe our findings based on non-working ATUS 2008-22 respondents ages 70+, 32 percent of whom self-assess a disability. Data from the Polish Time Use Survey, where disability is medically certified, show similar results; and they demonstrate the same loss of variety over multiple days. Remarkably similar basic results are found using homogenized British, Canadian, French, Spanish, and Italian time-diaries. Overall, a mobility/physical disability leads an otherwise identical person to engage in over 10 percent fewer activities on a typical day. The lost variety represents extra costs equivalent in data from six countries to over twice the average annual income among older individuals in the country. |
| Keywords: | time use, disability |
| JEL: | J14 I10 D13 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18022 |
| By: | Barone, Guglielmo (University of Bologna); Loviglio, Annalisa (University of Bologna); Tommasi, Denni (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | Digital skills are increasingly essential for full participation in modern life. Yet many low-income families face a dual digital divide: limited access to technology and limited ability to use it effectively. These gaps can undermine adults' ability to support their children's education, restrict access to public services, and reduce their own employability. Despite growing policy attention, rigorous evidence on how to close these gaps—especially among disadvantaged adults in high-income countries—remains scarce. We evaluate the impact of a comprehensive digital inclusion program in Turin, Italy, targeting 859 low-income families with school-aged children. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two treatment arms, each combining a free tablet with internet access and digital literacy training of different durations. One year later, treated participants reported large improvements in daily technology use and digital skills, as measured by the "Digital Skills Indicator 2.0" (DSI) developed by Eurostat. Parents also became more confident in guiding their children's online activities, more engaged in digital parenting, and more likely to access public services digitally. We find no effects on employment or job search behavior, but treated participants expressed greater optimism about future training prospects. The effects are statistically similar across the two training intensities, suggesting that (i) once basic barriers are removed, digital engagement can become self-sustaining, and/or (ii) that the returns to digital training are strongly diminishing. Mediation analysis confirms that digital skills — not just access — are key drivers of broader behavioral and economic outcomes. Sequential effects are particularly strong in the domains of social inclusion and parenting. The findings underscore the importance of addressing both financial and learning constraints and suggest that bundled interventions can foster inclusive digital participation. |
| Keywords: | digital divide, digital literacy, low-income families, labor market outcomes, digital parenting |
| JEL: | I24 J24 O33 C93 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18032 |
| By: | Alberto Batinti; Joan Costa-Font; Vasuprada Shandar; Joan Costa-i-Font |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of royalty status - historically rooted legal privilege enjoyed by hereditary monarchs - on human longevity, a proxy of individuals’ health capital. We disentangle royalty status that encompassed serving as heads of state, and hence subject to status-related stress, from other family members alongside their contemporary countrymen. We exploit a dataset containing relevant demographic data and specifically the lifespan (age at death) of European Royals and their families spanning the past three centuries (1669 to 2022) from the sixteen European countries, including information for 845 high-status nobility and relative monarchs which is compared to otherwise similar countrymen by adjusting for relevant confounders. We document robust evidence of a statistically significant gap in life expectancy between monarchs and other members of the royal family, as well as between monarchs and the general population of an average of 5.2 to 7.1 years longer than their contemporaneous countrymen. |
| Keywords: | royal family, monarchy, life expectancy, health inequality, social determinants of health, healthy lifestyles, universal health insurance, age at death |
| JEL: | I18 N13 P00 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12047 |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Oleksandra Kostruba (UP1 UFR02 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - École d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Based on the analysis of the current state of international markets, the article reveals the main problematic issues of creating an effective strategy for companies to enter them. The criteria and approaches to the segmentation of international markets are also disclosed. Priority directions for creating a strategy for companies to enter international markets are identified. The main elements of this strategy are emphasized and the threats to its implementation are classified. The practical result of the study is a set of recommendations for improving the efficiency of applying methods of companies' entry into international markets. The theoretical result is the identification of the main patterns of interaction between companies in international markets. The scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that for the first time a thorough study of the coffee markets of Germany and Poland was conducted in terms of the entry of foreign business, namely Ukrainian. This allowed us to identify the obstacles and prospects for Ukrainian companies and to create useful proposals for successful entry into the EU market. For the first time, we present a revised model of the international marketing environment that takes into account social capital, availability of support, and institutional maturity of the exporting country. In addition, it highlights modern exit strategies such as marketplaces, crowdsourcing, and diaspora participation. This ensures that the internationalization plan is tailored to the circumstances of Ukraine's developing economy. |
| Abstract: | Une analyse approfondie de l'état actuel des marchés internationaux a permis de mettre en exergue les principaux obstacles auxquels sont confrontées les entreprises désireuses de s'imposer sur ces marchés. L'article se penche sur ces défis et propose des stratégies concrètes pour les surmonter et permettre aux entreprises de pénétrer efficacement ces marchés. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous aborderons également les critères et les approches de segmentation des marchés internationaux. Dans le cadre de la mise en place d'une stratégie visant à faciliter l'accès des entreprises aux marchés internationaux, les axes prioritaires ont été déterminés. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les principaux éléments de la stratégie en question sont mis en exergue. En outre, les menaces qui pèsent sur sa mise en œuvre sont méthodiquement classées. L'étude a permis de mettre en évidence un ensemble de recommandations visant à améliorer l'efficacité des méthodes d'entrée des entreprises sur les marchés internationaux. Dans le cadre de cette étude, l'objectif est d'identifier les principaux modèles d'interaction entre les entreprises sur les marchés internationaux. Cette démarche permet d'apporter une contribution théorique significative à la compréhension des dynamiques de concurrence et de collaboration entre les entités économiques à l'échelle mondiale. L'originalité de cette étude réside dans le fait qu'elle constitue une première en ce qui concerne l'approche approfondie des marchés du café en Allemagne et en Pologne, en se concentrant sur l'implantation d'entreprises ukrainiennes. Cette démarche a permis d'identifier les obstacles et les perspectives pour les entreprises ukrainiennes, et de formuler des propositions utiles pour faciliter leur entrée sur le marché de l'Union européenne. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous proposons un modèle révisé de l'environnement du marketing international. Ce modèle prend en compte le capital social, la disponibilité du soutien et la maturité institutionnelle du pays exportateur. En outre, il met en exergue des stratégies de sortie contemporaines, à l'instar des places de marché, du crowdsourcing et de la contribution de la diaspora. Cette démarche vise à garantir que le plan d'internationalisation est adapté à la situation économique ukrainienne en développement. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Markets Marketing Trade Export Import Management, Foreign Markets, Marketing, Trade, Export, Import, Management |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05195939 |
| By: | Ferreira, Daniel; Nikolowa, Radoslawa |
| Abstract: | We present a model in which firms compete for workers who value nonpecuniary job attributes, such as purpose, sustainability, political stances, or working conditions. Firms adopt production technologies that enable them to offer jobs with varying levels of these desirable attributes. Firms’ profits are higher when they cater to workers with extreme preferences. In a competitive assignment equilibrium, firms become polarized and not only reflect but also amplify the polarized preferences of the general population. More polarized sectors exhibit higher profits, lower average wages, and a reduced labor share of value added. Sustainable investing amplifies firm polarization. |
| Keywords: | labor markets; job design; compensating differentials; socially responsible investing; polarization |
| JEL: | R14 J01 L81 |
| Date: | 2025–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128848 |
| By: | Simon H. Kwan; Ville Voutilainen |
| Abstract: | Both the magnitude and the pace of monetary policy tightening in the euro area during 2022-23 were historically large and fast. Yet, the real economy proved to be resilient. In this paper, we analyze the pass through of the ECB’s changes in the policy rate to mortgage rates in Finland during the post-pandemic period of 2022-23, when the policy liftoff began at the negative interest rate territory, using the normal tightening cycle in 2006-08 as control. We use monthly data and three different empirical methodologies: event studies, high-frequency identification, and exposure-measure regressions. Our evidence suggests that the post-pandemic monetary policy transmission was significantly less effective than during the control period, implying that for the same amount of tightening in financial conditions, a bigger increase in the policy rate is needed. The loss in monetary transmission during the negative interest rate policy is also playing out when monetary policy changes course. Thus, while monetary policy remains effective in the negative interest rate territory, it creates headwind for policy normalization down the road. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy; mortgage rates; monetary policy normalization; Finland |
| JEL: | E42 E58 E52 G21 |
| Date: | 2025–08–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedfwp:101415 |
| By: | Tobias Korn (Leibniz Universität Hannover & Heidelberg University); Jean Lacroix (RITM, Université Paris-Saclay & CESifo Münich) |
| Abstract: | Abstract This paper documents a new consequence of market integration: local reallocation, i.e., the exit of some workers from production even though employment increases in the same area and industry. Thanks to new data on over 150, 000 personal bankruptcies com- bined with detailed microcensus data from 19th-century Britain, we estimate the causal impact of railway access on employment growth and personal bankruptcies. Market integration increased both employment and bankruptcy probability solely in the man- ufacturing sector. Studying the mechanisms of local reallocation, we show that market integration increased the number and size of manufacturing firms that employed cheap, task-differentiated labour. Our results extend existing research focused primarily on reallocation either across sectors or across locations. |
| Keywords: | Bankruptcies, Market Integration, Reallocation, Structural Transformation |
| JEL: | N63 L16 O33 R40 K35 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ost:wpaper:408 |
| By: | Nathalie Darras (ESTIA - ESTIA - Institute of technology, LIREM - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour); Maialen Gelize (ESTIA - ESTIA - Institute of technology); Marion Soulerot (LAB IAE Paris - Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | Les entreprises familiales, représentant 90 % des entreprises dans le monde, se distinguent par leur résilience en période de crise. L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner comment l'ambidextrie organisationnelle – équilibre entre exploration de nouvelles opportunités et l'exploitation des ressources existantes – contribue à cette résilience. Des entretiens menés auprès de dirigeants d'entreprises familiales révèlent que leur ambidextrie organisationnelle porte notamment sur la richesse socio-émotionnelle qui leur permette de préserver leurs valeurs fondamentales tout en innovant pour faire face aux défis externes. Il en est de même concernant leurs dynamiques décisionnelles, marquées par une oscillation continue entre le maintien des traditions et la recherche de transformations. Cette dualité permanente illustre leur capacité à gérer les tensions entre émotions et rationalité, passé et avenir, stabilité et changement. Notre étude souligne l'importance stratégique de l'ambidextrie pour les entreprises familiales et positionne leur complexité inhérente comme une force motrice de leur résilience. |
| Keywords: | Résilience organisationnelle, Ambidextrie, Entreprises familiales, Richesse socio-émotionnelle |
| Date: | 2025–06–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05157830 |
| By: | Robin Boadway; Katherine Cuff |
| Abstract: | We explore the efficiency of alternate allocations of responsibility for greenhouse gas emissions pricing policies in a small open economy federation. Emissions result from consumption and production of a tradeable dirty good, and their intensity depends on the emissions technology. National emissions have an imperceptible effect on global warming, so preferences for control are based on social norms which can differ depending on the allocation of policy responsibility. Policies include emissions taxes and permit trading systems. The costs of collecting emission taxes and administering a permit trading system are lower for the regional governments that the federal government because of informational advantages. Unlike the regions, the federal government internalizes the social costs of emissions borne by both regions. Both federal and regional optimal emission pricing policies are variants of Pigovian taxes. When regional governments are responsible for emissions policy and the federal government makes interregional income transfers, the timing of government decisions affects policies. |
| Keywords: | fiscal federalism, global warming, greenhouse gas pricing |
| JEL: | H23 H7 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12048 |
| By: | Agramont, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the evolving geopolitical dynamics surrounding critical raw materials (CRMs), with a focus on Latin America and the European Union's (EU) attempt to secure access to these resources amid intensifying competition with China. Drawing from trade statistics, foreign investment trends, and institutional strategies, the study assesses the EU’s renewed interest in Latin America through the Global Gateway and the Win-Win Partnership frameworks. While China's economic footprint in the region is deeply entrenched through its South-South cooperation model, the EU seeks to reposition itself as a viable partner by leveraging environmental and governance standards. The analysis identifies key minerals—particularly lithium, copper, and lead—where dependency and vulnerability are highest, and where strategic diversification is urgently needed. Ultimately, the paper argues that the EU’s success will depend on its ability to implement a more flexible and pragmatic strategy, balancing its normative approach with tangible development outcomes for Latin American partners. |
| Keywords: | geopolitics; critical raw materials; EU-Latin America; energy transition |
| JEL: | F14 F59 Q34 O13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129191 |
| By: | Nicolas Aubert (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | Cet article revient sur le positionnement politique des travaux de Pierre-Yves Gomez et ses analyses du gouvernement des entreprises et du capitalisme. Construit à partir d'une relecture serrée des différents ouvrages publiés par Pierre-Yves Gomez, il fait ressortir l'originalité et la portée analytique des développements proposés l'auteur eu égard la trajectoire historique du capitalisme mais également les débats contemporains qui traversent le gouvernement des entreprises. C'est l'occasion de souligner l'ancrage politique des travaux de Pierre-Yves Gomez tout au long de sa carrière universitaire. |
| Keywords: | Capitalisme, Libéralisme, Politique, Gouvernement d’entreprise, Pierre-Yves Gomez, Capitalism, Liberalism, Politics, Corporate governance |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05175027 |
| By: | Sánchez Serrano, Antonio |
| Abstract: | Andersen and Sánchez Serrano (2024) define a methodology for building a map of the euro area financial system using data from the quarterly sectoral accounts of the euro area (complemented with data from other sources). This map can be useful for macroprudential authorities in regularly monitoring interconnections, contagion channels and systemic risk dynamics. We develop three extensions to the map that should increase its relevance: (i) the use of euro area Distributional Wealth Accounts to consider households according to their wealth; (ii) a breakdown of the other financial institutions sector into other financial intermediaries, financial auxiliaries, and captive financial institutions and money lenders; and (iii) using international investment position data to compute exposures to the rest of the world by country. In addition to the series codes on the ECB Data Portal to retrieve the relevant data, we illustrate the potential analytical application of each of the three extensions. In a nutshell, our analysis of the euro area household sector according to wealth shows that the aggregate figures conceal significant heterogeneity. Using data from the quarterly sectoral accounts, we are able to gain a clearer overview of other financial institutions, identifying the links with banks through securitisation vehicles and with non-financial corporations through captive financial institutions. Finally, although we cannot match exactly all the financial instruments in the balance sheet, data on the institutional investment position shows, among others, a continuous increase in the portfolio investments of euro area residents in the United States since 2013. JEL Classification: F30, G20, G50 |
| Keywords: | flow of funds, household finance, interconnections, international finance, non-bank financial intermediation |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srk:srkops:202527 |
| By: | Dancikova, Zuzana |
| Abstract: | Since the 1990s, leave policies for fathers–typically parts of parental leave set aside for fathers–have been gaining popularity as a solution to persisting inequalities in the gendered division of leaves. Research has focused on their contribution to undoing gender and found that changes in parents' division of labour have varied within and across contexts. I argue that to understand the effectiveness of leave policy for fathers, it is helpful to look beyond undoing gender (changes to parents' division of leave), to unstructuring gender (policy effects on multiple dimensions of the gender structure, which, if unchanged, may limit policy effectiveness). To illustrate my argument, I investigate the 2011 Slovak leave policy for fathers, introduced into a context characterized by an inegalitarian gender structure, including societal gendered norms on the division of leave, inegalitarian individual gendered identities and unequal patterns of leave division. Drawing on interviews with 38 mothers and fathers, I find that while the policy has affected a change in parents' leave-division, there was little evidence of change to the prevalent norms or parents' identities. Instead, these dimensions of the gender structure persisted and continued constraining fathers' uptake of the policy and parents' more equal division of leave. |
| Keywords: | gender structure; leave policy for fathers; undoing gender; unstructuring gender |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129035 |
| By: | Catherine Dilnot (Department of Accounting, Oxford Brookes University); Lindsey Macmillan (UCL Centre for Education Policy & Equalising Opportunities); Claire Tyler (UCL Centre for Education Policy & Equalising Opportunities) |
| Abstract: | Research on intergenerational income mobility has shown that the UK has relatively low mobility compared to other countries and that this is, in part, driven by inequalities in access to elite occupations in the labour market by socio-economic background. Many employers are actively trying to reduce these gaps in access by socio-economic background, as well as by ethnicity and gender, forreasons of efficiency as well as equity. But they lack access to detailed information about the relevant pools of talent from which they are hiring to set informed hiring targets. This study provides such information by describing the talent pool of English domiciled university graduates and school leavers in terms of socio-economic background, ethnicity and gender by university type, subject and outcomes and school prior attainment. Importantly, given the diversity in ethnicity by place in England, it also provides details of talent pools by Travel to Work Area. Large differences in demographic make-up by attainment, institution type, subject and place are found. |
| Keywords: | social mobility; inequalities; occupations; applications; job offers; gender; ethnicity |
| JEL: | J62 J15 J16 I24 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucl:cepeow:25-09 |
| By: | Antoine Bozio (EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Thomas Breda (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Julien Grenet (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Arthur Guillouzouic (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | We analyze earnings responses to six large payroll tax and income tax reforms in France. Our findings indicate full pass-through to workers when there is a strong and transparent link between contributions and expected benefits. In contrast, employer payroll taxes with no tax-benefit linkage exhibit limited pass-through to workers, while income tax nominally borne by employees show nearly full passthrough. Together with a meta-analysis of the literature, we interpret these results as empirical support for the long-standing hypothesis that tax-benefit linkage matters for the incidence of payroll taxes. In the absence of such linkage, our findings suggest that the individual-level incidence of payroll taxes aligns with their statutory incidence. |
| Keywords: | Tax Incidence Payroll Tax Tax-Benefit Linkage Statutory incidence, Tax Incidence, Payroll Tax, Tax-Benefit Linkage, Statutory incidence |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05183758 |
| By: | Pesola, Hanna Onerva (VATT Institute for Economic Reserach, Helsinki); Sarvimäki, Matti (Aalto University); Virkola, Tuomo (VATT, Helsinki) |
| Abstract: | We document substantial heterogeneity in labor market integration, skill investments, and outmigration across immigrant admission categories. Using newly available data on residence permits in Finland, we establish four facts. First, there are large initial differences in employment and earnings across labor, family, refugee, student, and EU migrants. Second, these differences diminish substantially over time. Third, the groups make distinct investments in country-specific and general skills. Fourth, both the prevalence of and selection into outmigration vary widely across admission categories. These findings align with models where investments in skills depend on the expected length of stay in the host country. |
| Keywords: | integration, immigration |
| JEL: | J61 J31 F22 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18012 |
| By: | Alexander Egberts (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Christoph Engel (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn); Joshua Fairfield (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Many social ills can be modelled as a public bad. In such scenarios, private benefit is often immediate while the public damage takes some time to materialize. In this experiment, we investigate the behavioral effects caused by such delays in the realization of collective harm. By manipulating the weight with which the damages caused by group contributions are carried over to the next round, we alter the number of periods required for the social damage to fully unfold. We keep constant the economic consequences of contributions between treatments (by introducing a multiplier for the damage) and between periods (by deducting all unrealized harm at the end of the game) to avoid multiple equilibria. In a second treatment dimension, we isolate the cognitive challenges of this experiment by replacing human group-members with “computerized players†which perfectly copy each subject’s previous behavior. We find that participants’ behavior is less cooperative over time when harm is deferred into the future. Our results also suggest that the driving mechanism behind this effect is not insufficient anticipation, but the lack of having experienced the negative consequences of the public damage. |
| Keywords: | public bad; dynamically developing social harm; cognitive and motivational challenge; experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D62 D91 H41 K24 K32 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2024_16 |
| By: | Lundin, Erik (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | I examine the pricing behavior of municipal and private firms in the unregulated Swedish district heating market, characterized by geographically bounded local monopoly networks. Conditional on exogenous cost factors, private firms charge on average seven percent higher prices compared to their municipal counterparts. Nearly all firms employ two-part pricing. Consistent with standard monopoly theory, the entire price difference can be explained by the fixed price component. Further, foreign-owned private firms charge an additional price premium relative to domestically owned private firms. A descriptive analysis of financial statements confirms that private firms achieve higher profit margins, despite municipal firms being legally required to operate in a business-like manner. These findings demonstrate that, in this market, private firms exercise more market power than public firms, and that the subsequent upward pressure on prices dominates any downward effects from the potential cost efficiencies associated with privatization. |
| Keywords: | Privatization; Two-part pricing; District heating; Natural monopoly; Market power; Network industries |
| JEL: | L12 L43 L97 P18 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–08–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1532 |
| By: | Xing, H.; Miles, J.; Scott, S. A. |
| Abstract: | This study quantifies the additionality of grid-connected hydrogen production, i.e., the additional CO2 emissions and system costs incurred when electrolysers divert variable renewable energy (VRE) from the grid. Using a power system model for the current and a future Great Britain (GB) power system with high VRE penetration, we define a fair cost and fair carbon intensity to analyse hydrogen with additionality produced via different electricity sourcing strategies: buying from the grid (on-grid), from VRE generators before the market (VRE-ahead), and using curtailment. It is found that the additional thermal generation led by grid-connected hydrogen production prevents hydrogen from being cost-efficient and clean. In the future GB power system with high VRE penetration, using curtailment is the most cost-effective option. Offsetting the additional emissions from hydrogen production requires substantially more VRE capacity in a future decarbonised system than in the current one, though the additional emissions are less in a decarbonised system. This risks increasing the cost of offsetting the additional emissions from hydrogen production in the future. |
| Keywords: | Additionality, Green Hydrogen, Power System Model, Curtailment, Variable Renewable Energy |
| JEL: | D24 H23 L94 Q42 Q47 |
| Date: | 2025–08–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2552 |
| By: | Zenghelis, Dimitri; Serin, Esin; Stern, Nicholas; Sivropoulos Valero, Anna; Van Reenen, John; Ward, Bob |
| Abstract: | The UK faces large-scale investment needs across both the public and private sector. There is mounting evidence that targeted and temporary borrowing to invest in sustainable technologies and infrastructure would prove cost-effective and beneficial to living standards and economic competitiveness by increasing productivity and economic growth. This report sets out the need for long-lasting institutional and policy frameworks that can induce investment in a broad range of assets in the UK. These assets drive technological, institutional and behavioural innovation. The authors show that the transition to a sustainable, inclusive and resilient economy is a genuine opportunity for the UK to drive innovation and competitiveness and rekindle productivity growth. This requires a coherent, credible and targeted set of policies to raise living standards, manage disruption and unlock new, intelligent and sustainable forms of growth. The report is intended to guide policymakers to manage a structural transition, by taking advantage of the opportunity associated with the sustainable, intelligent and resilient economy while minimising the disruption and the risks associated with assets being left redundant and devalued in the economy of the 21st century. It makes the case for a strategic approach, noting that inaction is a choice that raises the cost of capital, reduces competitiveness and favours inefficient and unproductive economic activity. |
| Keywords: | infrastucture; innovation; investment; productivity; sustainable growth; UK |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129172 |
| By: | Vîntu, Denis |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in combating money laundering (AML), focusing on a comparative study between Romania and the Republic of Moldova. Romania demonstrates advanced AI integration within its financial institutions, employing machine learning and predictive analytics to enhance transaction monitoring, risk assessment, and regulatory compliance. In contrast, Moldova is in the early stages of adopting AI for AML, facing structural, technical, and regulatory challenges that limit the effectiveness of its anti-money laundering efforts. The study highlights how technological adoption, institutional capacity, and regulatory frameworks intersect to shape AML effectiveness. By analyzing similarities, differences, and lessons learned, the paper provides insights into how AI can strengthen financial integrity while addressing the evolving challenges of illicit financial flows in different national contexts. |
| Keywords: | Anti-Money Laundering, AML, Artificial Intelligence, AI, Financial Crime, Romania, Republic of Moldova, Regulatory Compliance, Transaction Monitoring, Risk Assessment |
| JEL: | G18 G21 K22 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125824 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Coralie Haller (EM Strasbourg - École de Management de Strasbourg = EM Strasbourg Business School) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This paper presents the preparation of a course aimed at enabling students to use the metaverse and TikTok platforms to increase the visibility and marketability of a fictional young winemaker's wine brand. The objective is to facilitate real-world sales of both physical and Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs) of wine bottles, while concurrently promoting the metaverse learning experience through TikTok engagement. Design/Methodology/Approach: Students are tasked with creating immersive scenes on a selected metaverse platform (Spatial) to develop a Learning Management System (LMS) for wine education. The scenes include scenarios such as a wine shop, a vineyard, and an oenology laboratory, each with game-like learning objectives, target audiences, rewards, and rules akin to a game. Findings: The course promotes experiential learning by integrating metaverse technology and social media marketing. Findings include diverse and engaging metaverse scenes, a TikTok campaign fostering brand engagement, and an overall emphasis on realistic and innovative approaches to virtual education and advertising. Practical Implications: Students gain practical experience in metaverse content creation, LMS design, and TikTok marketing. The course emphasizes the applicability of emerging technologies to real-world scenarios, preparing students for evolving professional landscapes in fields such as digital marketing, virtual education, and brand promotion. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Education, Experiential Learning, Digital Marketing, Metaverse, TikTok |
| Date: | 2025–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05176013 |
| By: | Sandra Walzenbach; Thomas Hinz |
| Abstract: | In today’s digital media landscape, individuals must judge the credibility of competing information from an unprecedented range of sources, including established news organizations, political actors, unverified online voices and self-declared experts. Building on a theoretical discussion of how the internet and social media – with its algorithmic curation, its omnipresent misinformation and strategic disinformation – have altered media consumption, this study examines the challenges individuals face in evaluating the credibility of media content. Informed by dual-process theory and the concept of motivated reasoning, we explore the roles of both belief-consistency and established quality cues (namely source expertise and data references) in shaping credibility judgments. We use the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany as a case study of polarization, contrasting an inconspicuous majority with a vocal minority represented by the “Querdenker” protest movement. Heavily relying on social media, this movement mobilized a heterogeneous base of supporters united by deep-rooted mistrust of politics, science, and mainstream media. To investigate these dynamics, we conducted a factorial survey experiment in which a general population sample evaluated the credibility of Covid-19–related media content. The results provide strong evidence of confirmation bias, no detectable effect of quality cues, and remarkably similar evaluation strategies across both groups. |
| Keywords: | public opinion, media perception, polarization, Covid-19, confirmation bias, factorial survey experiment |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:324165 |
| By: | Blaufus, Kay; Maiterth, Ralf; Milde, Michael; Sureth, Caren |
| Abstract: | We examine behavioral frictions in entrepreneurs' tax planning when choosing between corporate and partnership taxation under a check-the-box rule. Using German tax return data, we show that only a small fraction of entrepreneurs opt for corporate taxation, despite substantial potential tax savings. A pre-registered incentivized online experiment demonstrates that complexity aversion, status quo bias, and misperception about the corporate tax burden-arising from the interaction of corporate and deferred dividend taxation-help explain the preference for partnership taxation. We further find that these behavioral frictions heighten liquidity risk under the corporate system, particularly in the face of unexpected cash flow needs. Finally, a survey of German tax advisors indicates that tax advice only partially mitigates these frictions. Some advisors misperceive the benefits of corporate taxation, while others anticipate client biases and therefore refrain from recommending the corporate tax system. |
| Keywords: | Check-the-box, Legal Form, Tax Complexity, Tax Misperception, Behavioral Taxation, Tax Advice |
| JEL: | H25 D91 D22 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arqudp:323941 |
| By: | Irene Iodice |
| Abstract: | This paper quantifies the value of timely WTO notifications for Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs). Using French firm-level export data, I find that advance notice halves the negative impact of TBTs on export participation, by reducing temporary exits and supporting entry, particularly among small and medium-sized firms. Exploiting variation in notification delays, I show that this effect operates by reducing uncertainty about compliance costs, rather than by giving firms more time to adjust. A theoretical framework with firm heterogeneity and trade policy uncertainty formalizes this mechanism: notification lowers uncertainty, reducing firms’ incentives to delay or suspend exports. The quantitative importance of this effect is equivalent to avoiding a tariff increase of up to 28 percentage points. |
| JEL: | F13 F14 D84 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12015 |
| By: | Christoph Engel (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn) |
| Abstract: | In an experiment on the large language model GPT-4o, a supplier always makes a higher profit if it replaces uniform contract terms with a set of terms between which the custom-er may choose. The extra profit results from price discrimination. There is a first order and a second order effect. The first order effect results from heterogeneous willingness to pay for a more protective term. The second order effect results from the possibility that con-tract choice is a signal for general willingness to pay for the traded commodity. In the ex-periment, the effect is bigger if the least protective version is labelled as the default, and more protective terms as an “upgrade†. The effect is smaller if, conversely, the most pro-tective version is labelled as the default and less protective (and cheaper) versions as an opportunity for “savings†. The effect is also bigger if the supplier only sets the price after it knows which version of the contract the consumer chooses. The profit increasing effect of giving the consumer a choice is strong. There is no piece of demographic information that has a stronger effect. Most pieces of demographic information (which the supplier might, for instance, learn through cookie data) have a significantly smaller effect on profit. If the supplier combines cookie information about demographic markers with contract choice, it always makes an extra profit. |
| Keywords: | forced choice of contract clause; price discrimination; large language model; experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D01 D02 D12 D42 D91 K12 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2024_19 |
| By: | Roth, Joachim; Plyska, Oleksandra; Wang, Jodi-Ann; Renman, Gustaf; Bosman, Savanah |
| Abstract: | This input paper for the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG) seeks to: Provide an assessment of the state of play of just transition efforts from real economy companies. Show what frameworks and data on just transition already exist, why this information is important and how it can be used by regulators and financiers to assess the credibility of company efforts. Explore some of the levers different financial actors can use to drive credible, robust and just transition plans. The paper was prepared by the Just Transition Finance Lab at the Grantham Research Institute at LSE, and the World Benchmarking Alliance (WBA). |
| Keywords: | global |
| JEL: | R14 J01 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129017 |
| By: | Angelo Forino; Andrea Mercatanti; Giacomo Morelli |
| Abstract: | Factor models for longitudinal data, where policy adoption is unconfounded with respect to a low-dimensional set of latent factor loadings, have become increasingly popular for causal inference. Most existing approaches, however, rely on a causal finite-sample approach or computationally intensive methods, limiting their applicability and external validity. In this paper, we propose a novel causal inference method for panel data based on inverse propensity score weighting where the propensity score is a function of latent factor loadings within a framework of causal inference from super-population. The approach relaxes the traditional restrictive assumptions of causal panel methods, while offering advantages in terms of causal interpretability, policy relevance, and computational efficiency. Under standard assumptions, we outline a three-step estimation procedure for the ATT and derive its large-sample properties using Mestimation theory. We apply the method to assess the causal effect of the Paris Agreement, a policy aimed at fostering the transition to a low-carbon economy, on European stock returns. Our empirical results suggest a statistically significant and negative short-run effect on the stock returns of firms that issued green bonds. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.08764 |
| By: | Basaglia, Piero; Isaksen, Elisabeth; Sato, Misato |
| Abstract: | Carbon pricing is often paired with compensation to carbon-intensive firms to mitigate the risk of carbon leakage. This paper empirically examines the effects of indirect carbon cost compensation on UK manufacturing firms. Using administrative microdata, we combine difference-in-differences and fuzzy regression discontinuity designs to exploit firm-level eligibility criteria and identify the causal impact of compensation. We find that compensation reduces output contraction but also increases electricity consumption and emissions. These findings highlight a key policy trade-off – while compensation can help protect firms’ competitiveness and reduce leakage risks, it may also delay industrial decarbonization and increase the overall cost of achieving national emission targets. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing; compensation; competitiveness; electricity consumption |
| JEL: | Q52 Q58 Q40 Q41 H23 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128813 |
| By: | Claire Estagnasié (UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, LabCMO - Laboratoire de communication médiatisée par ordinateur - UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal, CIRST - Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie - UdeM - Université de Montréal - UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal, RECOR - Groupe de recherche sur la Communication Organisante); Abygael Bianco (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | This article explores the basic psychological needs and motivational components of digital nomads, so that organizations wishing to enhance their appeal to this audience can better orient their employer brand toward them. To understand which fundamental needs digital nomads seek to satisfy or to reduce, this research favors a qualitative approach combining 67 interviews and the online ethnography of three Facebook groups. The results, presented according to the conceptual framework of fundamental needs, show that digital nomads have needs for autonomy, social affiliation, competence, and meaning, which evolve according to the stages of nomadism. These expressed needs of nomads are all key capabilities that could be useful to organizations. The contribution of this research is therefore to enlighten employers in their management decisions regarding digital nomads, as well as individuals who might consider resorting to this lifestyle. |
| Abstract: | Cet article explore les besoins psychologiques fondamentaux et les composantes de la motivation des nomades numériques (ou digital nomads ), pour que les organisations souhaitant renforcer leur attractivité auprès de ce public puissent mieux orienter l'expérience de travail à leur égard. Pour comprendre quels besoins fondamentaux les digital nomads (DN) cherchent-ils à satisfaire ou à réduire , cette recherche privilégie une démarche qualitative combinant 67 entretiens et l'ethnographie en ligne de trois groupes Facebook. Les résultats, présentés selon le cadre conceptuel des besoins fondamentaux, montrent que les DN ont des besoins d'autonomie, d'affiliation sociale, de compétence et de sens évoluant en fonction des étapes du nomadisme. Ces besoins des nomades sont des capacités clés utiles aux organisations. L'apport de cette recherche consiste à éclairer les employeurs dans leurs décisions de gestion à leurs égards, ainsi que les personnes qui songeraient à recourir à ce mode de vie. |
| Keywords: | motivation, lifestyle, corporate nomads, work experience, digital nomads, style de vie, nomades corporatifs, expérience de travail |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05196314 |
| By: | Claus-Jochen Haake (Paderborn University); Thomas Streck (Paderborn University) |
| Abstract: | We study the impact on outcomes from modeling asymmetric bargaining power in two-person bargaining problems in two different ways. For the Nash and the Kalai-Smorodinsky solutions, we compare application of the asymmetric version of the solution to the outcome from the symmetric version with an upfront modification of the disagreement point. We identify a systematic distortion of the final payoff for each bargaining solution, which is different across the two solutions. While for the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution a player with small power always benefits from modifying the disagreement point, the situation is reversed for the Nash bargaining solution. There, weak players are better off in the asymmetric bargaining solution. When comparing the application of the asymmetric versions of the Nash and the Kalai-Smorodinsky solutions, we demonstrate that there is a threshold weight for a player to be better off with the Nash bargaining solution. This threshold is determined by the relative utilitarian bargaining solution. |
| Keywords: | Asymmetric bargaining power, Nash bargaining solution, Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining solution |
| JEL: | C78 D63 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:143 |
| By: | Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric; Leombroni, Matteo |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the role of financial intermediaries in the transmission of central bank corporate bond purchases to bond yields. Contrary to standard expectations, we find that mutual funds—typically viewed as price-elastic investors—amplify, rather than dampen, the effects of these interventions on bond spreads. Following the ECB’s corporate bond purchase announcements in 2016 and 2020, bonds predominantly held by mutual funds experienced significantly larger and more persistent declines in spreads compared to those held by price-inelastic investors such as insurance companies, even after controlling for a broad set of bond characteristics. Drawing on additional empirical evidence and an equilibrium asset pricing model, we show that the state-contingent nature of the policy reduces perceived market risk for procyclical investors like mutualfunds, thereby boosting demand and compressing risk premia. JEL Classification: E52, E58, G11, G23 |
| Keywords: | central bank asset purchases, corporate bonds, non-bank financial institutions |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253101 |
| By: | Didier Raboisson (UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UM - Université de Montpellier, ENVT - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse); Guillaume Lhermie (UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UM - Université de Montpellier, ENVT - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse, University of Calgary); Raphael Guatteo (BIOEPAR - Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale - ONIRIS - École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | To support farmers in their decisions related to Q fever, a dedicated economic assessment tool is developed. The present work describes the calculator, its economic rationale, and the supporting assumptions. The calculator integrates a yearly compartmental model to represent population dynamism and the main interactions between disorders linked to Q fever, especially reproductive disorders (abortion, retained foetal membranes, purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis, extra services, and calving–conception delays). The effects of the nontangible cost of the disease on human health, the welfare of the animals, and the workload of farmers were not integrated into the model. The model shows high-level sensitivity to the prevalence of Q fever in the herd prevaccination and to the costs of abortion and extra days of calving–conception intervals. Breakeven points, i.e., cost values that allow us to achieve positive vaccination benefits, are also reported. For herds with moderate or high prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (>30%), a vaccination benefit is observed. The vaccine should be considered a type of insurance in herds with low prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (≤20%). The calculator was developed to aid decision-making at the farm level, and no conclusion can be extrapolated as a generic trend based on the present work. |
| Keywords: | Cost, Economics, Vaccine, Benefits, impact économique, France, bovin laitier, ferme laitière, Coxiella burnetii, dynamique des populations, fièvre Q, bien-être social, vaccin, évaluation de l'impact, vaccination, épidémiologie, système d'aide à la décision, endométrite |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04546084 |
| By: | Antonio Ciccone (University of Mannheim, CEPR); Felix Rusche (University of Mannheim & Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods) |
| Abstract: | Between 2017 and 2024, the main national stock market indices rose in the US and the five largest European economies. However, the average daily performance of all six indices turns from positive to negative when weighted by daily media coverage. A case in point is the average daily performance of Germany’s DAX index on days it was reported on the country’s most-watched nightly news. While the DAX increased by more than 4 index points per day over the period, the index dropped by more than 10 points on days it was reported—news was bad news. On days the DAX wasn’t covered on the nightly news, the index rose by around 10 points—no news was good news. About half of the worse daily performance when the DAX was covered is accounted for by a greater focus on negative news. The other half stems from a novel big news bias: a greater focus on large index changes, whether positive or negative, combined with a negative skew in the daily performance of the index. We show that the big news bias extends to other national stock market indices. |
| Keywords: | Media Bias, Financial Markets |
| JEL: | L82 G10 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpg:wpaper:2025_04 |
| By: | Simon Hemmrich (Paderborn University); Ulvi Ibrahimli (Universität Würzburg) |
| Abstract: | In marketplaces, reputation is built upon observable qualities, such as evidence of customer satisfaction, which signal trustworthiness. Reputation systems, here conceptualized as abstract social systems, leverage systems-theoretical concepts to facilitate trust formation. However, current scholarly discourse on reputation systems is predominantly technical, often neglecting integrated incentive mechanisms of social and technical layers. Addressing this gap, our study employs a systems-theoretical perspective to harmonize social and technical design layers at a unified level of abstraction, offering a novel framework for blockchain-based reputation systems. By applying key concepts from social systems theory—observation, selection, communication, system trust, and elements/relations— we propose a reconceptualization of reputation system design that aligns social and technical layers. Our findings show that systems thinking provides a cohesive abstraction level, making it valuable for crafting new IS artifacts. We contribute to cumulative knowledge of conceptualizing and designing information systems by illustrating how systems concepts can scaffold more integrative IS design. |
| Keywords: | Reputation Systems, Systems Thinking, Blockchain Technology, Conceptualization, Tipping |
| JEL: | M15 D83 L86 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:151 |
| By: | Smolenska, Agnieszka |
| Abstract: | The sustainability transition requires a fundamental change in the way economies function to align socioeconomic systems with planetary boundaries. From a legal perspective, such a shift should entail a transformation of the prevailing legal coding of economic relations to enable consistent integration of social and environmental considerations. Within the emerging sustainable finance trend, shoots of change are visible: new financial instruments, such as green or sustainability-linked bonds and loans, appear to be reorienting the market relationships around sustainability impact issues. A sociolegal and legal institutionalist analysis of this trend reveals how such instruments shape and are shaped by different facilitative, regulatory and constitutive facets of law. Using EU green bond issuances as a case study, the article highlights how law expands and limits the transformative potential of such novel financial instruments. The analysis is revealing of the co-constitutive dynamics of law and sustainable finance. In this context, the article makes three contributions. Firstly, it offers a comparative case study of law’s co-constitutive dynamics in the case of financial innovation designed for environmental and social impact. Secondly, it identifies the co-constitutive dynamics of law and (sustainable) finance relating to differentiation and expansion.Thirdly, it finds variance in the law’s co-constitutive role at the micro-level of financial interactions, and in meso-structures that emerge in the context of sustainable finance specifically. To the extent that sustainable debt instruments are increasingly linked to a company’s overall performance and corporate governance, the article’s findings have implications for the integration of social concerns in financial instruments. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–08–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128884 |
| By: | Noda, Hideo; Fang, Fengqi |
| Abstract: | In a knowledge-based economy, innovation plays a significant role in determining the level of economic growth and social welfare. Meanwhile, patent protection is a pivotal factor for research and development (R&D) incentives, and innovation performance depends on the degree of patent protection. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism for impact of patent protection on innovation; and hence economic growth is a crucial issue from the perspective of macroeconomic policy. Our research questions are twofold. (1) What conditions are necessary for patent protection to effectively promote innovation and economic growth? (2) Can strengthening patent protection enhance social welfare? This study addresses these problems using an expanding variety model of R&D-based endogenous growth. Our major findings are summarized as follows: If an economy satisfies conditions that the productivity in the final goods sector and labor force population are relatively large, while the patent duration elasticity of patent fee is relatively small, extending the patent duration fosters on the rate of innovation, the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure. Moreover, strengthening patent protection by extending the duration of the patent right does not necessarily enhance social welfare. Furthermore, the patent duration that maximizes social welfare may be shorter than the patent duration that maximizes the growth rate of GDP per capita, the rate of innovation, or the growth rate of livelihood-based public infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, Innovation, Patent duration, Patent fee, R\&D, Social welfare |
| JEL: | E6 O3 O4 |
| Date: | 2025–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125646 |
| By: | Yagan Hazard; Toru Kitagawa |
| Abstract: | There are many economic contexts where the productivity and welfare performance of institutions and policies depend on who matches with whom. Examples include caseworkers and job seekers in job search assistance programs, medical doctors and patients, teachers and students, attorneys and defendants, and tax auditors and taxpayers, among others. Although reallocating individuals through a change in matching policy can be less costly than training personnel or introducing a new program, methods for learning optimal matching policies and their statistical performance are less studied than methods for other policy interventions. This paper develops a method to learn welfare optimal matching policies for two-sided matching problems in which a planner matches individuals based on the rich set of observable characteristics of the two sides. We formulate the learning problem as an empirical optimal transport problem with a match cost function estimated from training data, and propose estimating an optimal matching policy by maximizing the entropy regularized empirical welfare criterion. We derive a welfare regret bound for the estimated policy and characterize its convergence. We apply our proposal to the problem of matching caseworkers and job seekers in a job search assistance program, and assess its welfare performance in a simulation study calibrated with French administrative data. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.13567 |
| By: | Jörg Papenkordt (Paderborn University); Johannes Dahlke (University of Twente); Nicolas Neef (University of Hohenheim); Sarah Zabel (University of Hohenheim) |
| Abstract: | The integration of artificial intelligence technology in contemporary work environments raises questions about how human team members collaborate when being assisted by AI. We propose that the reductionist properties of AI technology could affect the logics by which teams operate. This experimental research project aims to identify possible changes in collaboration dynamics within teams when employing AI support in a creative task domain. We explore conversational changes in collaboration by analyzing problem-focused, procedural, action-oriented, and socio-emotional sentiments expressed by team members, as well as structural changes by examining the properties of the communication network resulting from team discussions. Based on the observed co-occurrence of contentual and structural changes, our research points toward emerging patterns of AI-augmented collaboration, indicating that the temporary duration of AI collaboration influences team dynamics differently. |
| Keywords: | Team-AI collaboration, Team dynamics, AI team member, Generative AI, Creativity |
| JEL: | C92 D83 C88 O31 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdn:dispap:146 |
| By: | Anja Prummer; Francesco Nava |
| Abstract: | We study a principal who allocates a good to agents with private, independently distributed values through an optimal mechanism. The principal can strategically shape these value distributions by modifying the good’s features, which affect agents’ valuations. Our analysis reveals that optimal designs are frequently divisive—creating goods that appeal strongly to specific agents or agent types while being less valued by others. These divisive designs reduce information rents and increase total surplus, at the expense of competition. Even when total surplus is constrained, some divisiveness in designs remains optimal. |
| Keywords: | Value Design, Mechanism Design, Di!erentiation |
| JEL: | D82 D46 L15 |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0069 |
| By: | Vanessa Schmidt; Hannah Seidl |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of movements in aggregate lending standards on macroeconomic aggregates and inequality. We show in a New Keynesian model with heterogeneous households and housing that a looser loan-to-value (LTV) ratio stimulates housing demand, nondurable consumption, and output. Our model implies that the LTV shock transmits to macroeconomic aggregates through higher household liquidity and a general-equilibrium increase in house prices and labor income. We also show that a looser LTV ratio redistributes housing wealth from the top 10% of the housing wealth distribution to the bottom 50%, indicating an overall decrease in inequality. |
| Keywords: | Heterogeneous Agents, Incomplete Markets, Housing, Macroprudential Policies |
| JEL: | E12 E21 E44 E52 |
| Date: | 2025–08–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0071 |
| By: | Johan Gustafsson (Department of Economics, Umea University); Klaus Prettner (Department of Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business); Fei Xu (Department of Economics, Umea University) |
| Abstract: | We explore the effects of anti-corruption policies on economic growth and welfare within an R&D-based economic growth framework. The government taxes households to fund infrastructure that can be used in the production of final goods and in R&D. Government officials can embezzle funds and use them for their own consumption purposes. However, this comes at the cost of potentially being detected and facing a corresponding punishment. While public officials endogenously decide on the level of corruption, the state decides on the extent of anti-corruption policies, how severe the punishment is, and the income tax level. We show that there is an interior welfare-maximizing level of the tax rate and of anti-corruption effort. The effect of anti-corruption policies on growth and welfare critically depends on the effectiveness of policies in increasing crime detection and the productivity of infrastructure. If the state decides to invest more in anti-corruption measures or increase the pecuniary punishment, economic growth and welfare may actually decrease. |
| Keywords: | Corruption, Fiscal Policy, Long-Run Economic Development, Infrastructure, Welfare |
| JEL: | D73 H54 O18 O30 O41 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp380 |
| By: | Shan, Xiaoyue (National University of Singapore); Zölitz, Ulf (University of Zurich); Backes-Gellner, Uschi (University of Zurich) |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of online instruction with a field experiment that randomly assigns 1, 344 university students to different proportions of online and in-person lectures in multiple introductory courses. Increased online instruction leaves men’s exam performance unaffected but significantly lowers women’s performance, particularly in math-intensive courses. Online instruction also reduces women’s longer-run performance and increases their study dropout. Exploring mechanisms, we find that women exposed to more online lectures report greater difficulty in connecting with peers, less engaging instructors, and lower course satisfaction. Our findings suggest that shifting toward more online instruction may disproportionally harm women. |
| Keywords: | gender disparities, field experiment, Online instruction |
| JEL: | J16 I23 C93 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18011 |
| By: | Dominique Desbois (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, LEF - Laboratoire d'Economie Forestière - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech, Département EcoSocio - Département Économie et Sciences Sociales pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | With 2050 as its horizon, the focus of this 2025 edition of Déméter is resolutely forward-looking. This horizon serves as a framework for proposing multisectoral reflections on the possible futures of agriculture and agri-food, and their likely impacts in light of current demographic and environmental realities. A series of articles outline the various concerns of the editorial committee members on global agricultural and food issues. The book is organized into three parts: "Agrospheres" analyzes the geo-economic transformations at work, focusing on technological innovations, socio-demographic issues, and climate emergencies; "Regards d'avenir" (Looking to the future) focuses on Pakistan—the fifth most populous country in the world—red fruits, rapidly expanding on-demand products, and genetic resource banks, which preserve our food resources; "Repères" (Benchmarks) documents the French markets for nuts, medicinal and aromatic plants, carbon, and finally French food consumption. |
| Abstract: | Con el año 2050 como horizonte, la orientación de esta edición 2025 de Déméter es decididamente prospectiva. Este horizonte sirve de marco para proponer reflexiones multisectoriales sobre los posibles futuros de la agricultura y la agroalimentación, y sus probables repercusiones a la luz de las realidades actuales en materia de demografía y medio ambiente. Una serie de «artículos» detallan las diferentes preocupaciones de los miembros del comité editorial sobre las cuestiones agrícolas y alimentarias mundiales. La obra se divide en tres partes: «Agrosferas» analiza las transformaciones geoeconómicas en curso, centrándose en las innovaciones tecnológicas, los retos sociodemográficos y las urgencias climáticas; «Perspectivas de futuro» se centra en Pakistán, el quinto país más poblado del mundo, las frutas rojas, productos de demanda en rápida expansión, y los bancos de recursos genéticos, conservatorios de nuestros recursos alimentarios; «Referencias» documenta el mercado francés de los frutos secos, el de las plantas medicinales y aromáticas, el del carbono y, por último, el del consumo alimentario francés. |
| Abstract: | Avec 2050 pour horizon, l'orientation de cette édition 2025 du Déméter est résolument prospective. Cet horizon sert de cadrage pour proposer des réflexions multisectorielles sur les possibles futurs de l'agriculture et de l'agroalimentaire, et leurs impacts probables à l'aune des réalités actuelles concernant la démographie et l'environnement. Des « billets » précisent les différentes préoccupations des membres du comité de rédaction sur les problématiques agricoles et alimentaires mondiales. L'ouvrage est organisé en trois parties : « Agrosphères » analyse les transformations géoéconomiques à l'œuvre, ciblant les innovations technologiques, les enjeux socio-démographiques et les urgences climatiques ; « Regards d'avenir » dirige la focale sur le Pakistan – cinquième État le plus peuplé au monde –, les fruits rouges, produits à la demande en expansion rapide, et les banques de ressources génétiques, conservatoires de nos ressources alimentaires ; « Repères » documente le marché français des noix, celui des plantes médicinales et aromatiques, celui du carbone, et enfin celui de la consommation alimentaire française. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Food, Environment, Rural Economy, Rural Sociology, Prospective, Agricultura, Alimentación, Entorno, Economía rural, Sociología rural, Prospectivo, Alimentation, Environnement, Economie rurale, Sociologie rurale |
| Date: | 2025–07–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05189776 |
| By: | Hanzhe Xing; John Miles; Stuart Ashley Scott |
| Keywords: | Additionality, green hydrogen, power system model, curtailment, variable renewable energy |
| JEL: | D24 H23 L94 Q42 Q47 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2517 |
| By: | Woodgate, Ryan |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a novel conflict inflation model to unify the analysis of stable and explosive inflation dynamics, addressing a central theoretical divide in the literature. After providing explicit foundations for wage and price setting behaviour, it is shown that inflation expectations interact multiplicatively with the aspiration gaps of workers and firms rather than add linearly to them as in previous models. As aspiration gaps grow and inflation rises, the conflicting claims of workers and firms accelerate rather than rise steadily. This is reflected in nonlinear wage and price inflation curves whose vertical asymptotes reflect what we call the barrier wages of workers and firms-the critical values of the real wage at which workers and firms are able to resist any further increases in their aspiration gap by matching any rate of inflation. Stable inflationary-distributional outcomes follow only when the barrier wage of workers remains below that of firms. Runaway exchange rate depreciation caused by a balance-of-payments crisis is shown to lead to the collision of barrier wages and thus hyperinflation within the model in a way that is fully consistent with some stylised facts of hyperinflation. The model thus explains how explosive inflation may take hold, what the limits to stable distributional outcomes are, and how a stable inflation regime may evolve into an unstable one, all while maintaining the parsimony of the simple linear conflict inflation models. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, distribution, stability, hyperinflation, balance of payments |
| JEL: | D33 E31 E12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:323942 |
| By: | Ahmet Kaya; Hailey Low; Stephen Millard |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the macroeconomic impacts of increased non–tariff trade costs resulting from Brexit on UK business investment and productivity growth. We develop a three–country Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model that accounts for differences in country sizes as well as tariff and non–tariff trade costs. Our results suggest that the increased trade costs resulting from Brexit led to a sharp decline in trade between the United Kingdom and the European Union, with imports decreasing by 23.7 per cent and exports by 18.6 per cent. Following an initial decline of around 2.5 per cent, business investment gradually recovers but ultimately remains 1.2 per cent lower in the long term. We further provide simulations of the same shock using the National Institute Global Econometric Model, NiGEM, which suggests comparable macroeconomic effects. The long-term impact on per capita output is estimated at 1.2 per cent in our model, attributed solely to the rise in non-tariff trade barriers. |
| Keywords: | Brexit, business investment, non-tariff barriers, productivity |
| JEL: | C50 C68 E37 F41 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nsr:niesrd:572 |
| By: | Sagebiel, Julian; Cavallaro, Nino; Quaas, Martin |
| Abstract: | Despite the urgent need to preserve natural capital, little is known about the direct benefits people receive from it. Reliable benefit estimates are required to incorporate the complex values of natural capital in national capital accounting, cost-benefit analyses, project appraisal, and international policy agreements. The study employs a spatial-explicit choice experiment approach, which estimates benefits people receive from changes in natural capital conditional on the current endowment in their places of residence. Studying changes in protected areas and high nature value farmland across Germany, we identify significant use and non-use values of natural capital stocks. We find that the marginal values of natural capital are conditional on the spatial endowment and on whether the type of natural capital is use or non-use related. We use our estimates together with geographic information system data to aggregate and map the distribution of the demand for protected areas and high nature value farmland across Germany. The results are easily transferable to other regions and contexts and allow trading off the benefits and costs of restoring natural capital and biodiversity. Our findings enrich the discussion on the loss of natural capital and biodiversity and can significantly contribute to broader policy discussions in the context of the interlinked climate and biodiversity crises. |
| Keywords: | Natural Capital Valuation; Discrete Choice Experiment; Biodiversity Values; Spatial Preference Heterogeneity; Benefit Transfer |
| JEL: | Q28 Q50 Q51 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125429 |
| By: | David Cayla (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage) |
| Abstract: | La combustion de ressources fossiles pour produire de l'énergie est l'activité humaine la plus émettrice de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Pour limiter son impact environnemental, il serait théoriquement possible d'agir sur deux leviers : diminuer globalement notre consommation d'énergie dans une logique de décroissance ou décarboner sa production. Si une diminution de la consommation est envisageable dans les pays développés, elle ne l'est pas pour les pays en développement ou à l'échelle du monde. Aussi, cette contribution entend étudier les conditions économiques et institutionnelles requises par la décarbonation du secteur énergétique, étant entendu que, dans les pays développés, des efforts de sobriété seront sans doute nécessaires. |
| Keywords: | Décarbonation, changement climatique, néolibéralisme |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05178224 |
| By: | Daniel Marcel te Kaat; Alexander Raabe; Yuanjie Tian |
| Abstract: | Using granular data on global investment funds in difference-in-differences regressions around the announcement of the US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), we identify a novel international spillover channel of green industrial policies. Sustainable global investment funds received more inflows upon the act announcement, in turn increasing their cross-border portfolio investments worldwide. Recipient economies better prepared to address climate change benefited most from sustainable global funds' additional investments. Our results are stronger for funds with a larger portfolio share invested in the US and in IRA-targeted industries. Yet, we see strong international spillovers even for non-US domiciled sustainable funds investing entirely outside the US. Thus, global investment funds have become an important conduit for the international spillover of climate policies. |
| Keywords: | sustainable finance, climate policy, industrial policy, cross-border spillover, portfolio reallocation, portfolio capital flows, investment fund, Inflation Reduction Act |
| JEL: | F3 G1 G2 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-46 |
| By: | Bogler, Lisa; Cullinan, John; Jockers, Dominik; Pechar, Stefanie |
| Abstract: | Moscona and Seck (2024a) examine how redistribution of economic benefits differs between age-based and kin-based societies in sub-Saharan Africa. Using the experimental evaluation of a cash transfer program in Kenya, they find that an increase in income of members of an individual's age cohort increased consumption expenditure in age-set societies but not in kin-based societies. Next, exploiting the staggered introduction of a pension program in Uganda, they find that the program had positive effects on child health in kin-based societies, though not in age-set societies. In this replication report, we successfully computationally reproduce all results of the paper, with only a few minor deviations. We then conduct three robustness checks on the pension program results in Uganda, by varying the definition of the exposure variable, excluding outliers, and re-weighting observations. The original results are robust to our sensitivity analyses. The point estimates are very close to the original results and statistical significance is unchanged. Finally, we highlight some issues relating to the lack of sample descriptive statistics on key explanatory variables in the original paper. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:259 |
| By: | Emmott, Emily H.; Ihara, Yasuo; Tokumasu, Yudai; Nozaki, Mari; Saito, Atsuko; Kawamoto, Tetsuya; Ito, Shingo; Hassan, Anushé; Brown, Laura J.; Dennett, Thea; Crane, Andrew; Borra, Catherine; Nesci, Amanda; Morita, Masahito |
| Abstract: | Adolescence is identified as a key period for identity development, but anthropological literature hints at cross-cultural variations. Past research suggests Japanese adolescents may experience more identity exploration/confusion compared to Western counterparts, but the reasons behind these findings remain unclear. This comparative study investigates how adolescents in England and Japan perceive and engage with their environments, and aims to identify similarities/differences that could explain cross-cultural variations in identity development. Using autophotography, 98 teenagers aged 13 to 15 years across 10 schools in England and Japan documented important aspects of their lives. We applied template analysis to qualitatively analyze these photographs/texts. Overall, we identified two shared themes between countries: “This Is Me, ” reflecting personal identity through self-discovery and skill development, and “Connectedness, ” emphasizing relationships and belonging. A Japan-specific theme, “Reflections Through Time, ” captured the broader temporal lens of Japanese adolescents, sometimes with a sense of melancholy. This notably differed from English adolescents in our study, who focused on the present in a positive manner. These findings suggest cultural differences in how adolescents engage with their environments, which may contribute to cross-cultural variations in identity development. Our findings point to the importance of biocultural approaches in developmental research by considering the role of culture. |
| JEL: | J24 J61 L25 |
| Date: | 2025–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129137 |
| By: | Be'ery, Gilad; Epstein, Dmitry (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem); Sulitzeanu-Kenan, Raanan (The Hebrew University) |
| Abstract: | What do tech workers stand for? As the power of tech workers grows, both as people responsible for information infrastructures and as a political force, it is critical to understand their policy preferences and attitudes. We use the European Social Survey and International Social Survey Programme data to analyze tech workers’ attitudes in cultural and economic policy domains, as well as their trust in the establishment. Beyond offering an empirical description of this domain, we expand existing primarily US-focused research and offer a comparative perspective. Our findings show that while the cultural liberalism of US tech workers tends to replicate in samples outside the US, the economic preferences and anti-establishment sentiments do not. In addition, developers stand out as having more extreme preferences, compared to non-developers working in tech and to other professional elites. These results challenge assumptions about tech workers’ homogeneity and highlight the role of the demographic composition of the industry. We conclude by discussing potential implications for theory and policy. |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ghqp8_v1 |
| By: | Ying Bao; Jessie Liu |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how content moderation affects content creation in an ideologically diverse online environments. We develop a model in which users act as both creators and consumers, differing in their ideological affiliation and propensity to produce toxic content. Affective polarization - users’ aversion to ideologically opposed content - interacts with moderation in unintended ways. Even ideologically neutral moderation that targets only toxicity can suppress non-toxic content creation, particularly from ideological minorities. Our analysis reveals a content-level externality: when toxic content is removed, non-toxic posts gain exposure. While majority-group creators sometimes benefit from this exposure, they do not internalize the negative spillovers, i.e., increased out-group hostility toward minority creators. This discourages minority expression and polarizes the content supply, ultimately leaving minority users in a more ideologically imbalanced environment: a mechanism reminiscent of the “spiral of silence.” Modeling creation as a strategic response to moderation, we underscore the importance of eliciting whether user engagement reflects toxicity or ideological disagreement in guiding platform governance. |
| Keywords: | content moderation, toxicity, polarization |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12008 |
| By: | Baatz, Christian; Tank, Lukas; Bednarz, Lena-Katharina; Böttcher, Miranda; Morganti, Teresa Maria; Voget-Kleschin, Lieske; Cabus, Tony; Doorn, Erik van; Dorndorf, Tabea; Havermann, Felix; Holzhüter, Wanda; Keller, David; Kreuzburg, Matthias; Matz-Lück, Nele; Mengis, Nadine; Merk, Christine; Moustakis, Yiannis; Pongratz, Julia; Wehnert, Hendrikje; Yao, Wanxuan; Rehder, Gregor |
| Abstract: | Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) options could potentially play an important role in future CDR policy portfolios. They include, for example, ocean alkalinity enhancement, blue carbon projects such as mangrove cultivation, as well as sub-seabed storage of captured atmospheric CO 2 . In this paper we present a novel assessment framework designed for mCDR options. The framework provides important conceptual advancements to existing frameworks currently used to assess climate options: It clearly distinguishes between and allows for the assessment of both the feasibility and desirability of mCDR options, it makes explicit the evaluative standards upon which the assessment is based and it separates the descriptive listing of information from the evaluation of said information. The assessment framework aims to advance the debate on what role mCDR can and should play in responding to the climate crisis by providing a tool for both policymakers and stakeholders to assess mCDR options in a transparent and comprehensive way. |
| Keywords: | assessment framework, marine carbon dioxide removal, feasibility, desirability, climate change, assessment criteria, mitigation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:323601 |
| By: | Peter Haan; Chen Sun; Felix Weinhardt; Georg Weizsäcker |
| Abstract: | Different methods of eliciting long-run expectations yield data that predict economic choices differently well. We ask members of a wide population sample to make a 10-year investment decision and to forecast stock market returns in one of two formats: they either predict the average of annual growth rates over the next 10 years, or they predict the total, cumulative growth that occurs over the 10-year period. Results show that total 10-year forecasts are more pessimistic than average annual forecasts, but they better predict experimental portfolio choices and real-world stock market participation. |
| Keywords: | Household finance, long-run predictions, survey experiments |
| JEL: | D01 D14 D84 D9 |
| Date: | 2025–07–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0070 |
| By: | van der Laan, Gerwin (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Leesen, Tessa (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Keppens, Gil (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:b20c8d4a-9655-4bd6-927c-0b35cb0eda5a |
| By: | Cowell, Frank; Schokkaert, Erik; Tarroux, Benoît |
| Abstract: | This article introduces, and puts in context, the fourteen papers in the special issue, "Inequality perceptions and fairness judgments." |
| Keywords: | distributional preferences; survey; experiments |
| JEL: | N0 J1 |
| Date: | 2025–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128925 |
| By: | Mountacer Bourjila (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Ayoub El Bahi (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Fahima Charef |
| Abstract: | In an increasingly unstable economic environment—marked by successive health, geopolitical, and energy crises—small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are facing a growing imperative for organizational resilience. Constrained by structural limitations—limited resources, dependency on key actors, and low procedural formalization—SMEs must nonetheless demonstrate agility, operational continuity, and the ability to adapt rapidly. This article explores the role of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in this context: can they evolve from being perceived as a technological constraint to becoming a strategic lever for resilience? Drawing on a multidisciplinary literature review—at the crossroads of information systems, organizational management, and resilience theory—this work first examines the historical and cultural barriers to ERP adoption in SMEs, such as high initial costs, perceived rigidity, and resistance to change. It then highlights how, under certain conditions, ERP systems can be transformed into infrastructures for organizational learning, provided they are contextually adapted, flexibly configured, and integrated into a reimagined governance framework. By structuring information, automating key processes, and offering real-time cross-functional visibility, ERP systems support rapid decision-making and enable the agile reconfiguration of operations. They thus become a technological foundation for dynamic resilience. The article also sheds light on the inherent tension between technological standardization and the operational flexibility that SMEs require. Its main contribution lies in reframing the role of ERP systems—not as imposed or static tools, but as catalysts for agility, robustness, and collective intelligence in environments shaped by uncertainty. |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte économique instable, marqué par l'enchaînement de crises sanitaires, géopolitiques et énergétiques, les PME se trouvent confrontées à un impératif de résilience organisationnelle. Soumises à des contraintes structurelles fortes - ressources limitées, dépendance aux acteurs clés, faible formalisme - elles doivent néanmoins faire preuve d'agilité, de continuité opérationnelle et de capacité d'adaptation rapide. Cet article propose d'interroger la place des ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) dans cette dynamique : peuvent-ils passer du statut de contrainte technologique à celui de levier stratégique de résilience ? Fondé sur une revue de littérature pluridisciplinaire, croisant les apports des systèmes d'information, du management des organisations et de la théorie de la résilience, ce travail examine dans un premier temps les freins historiques et culturels à l'appropriation des ERP dans les PME : coûts initiaux élevés, rigidité perçue, résistance au changement. Il met en évidence que ces systèmes, lorsqu'ils sont contextualisés, paramétrés avec souplesse, et intégrés à une gouvernance renouvelée, peuvent devenir des infrastructures d'apprentissage organisationnel. En structurant l'information, en automatisant les processus clés, et en offrant une visibilité transverse en temps réel, l'ERP soutient la prise de décision rapide et favorise une reconfiguration agile des opérations. Il devient ainsi un socle technologique de résilience dynamique. L'article souligne les tensions inhérentes entre la logique de standardisation technique et le besoin de flexibilité opérationnelle propre aux PME. La contribution principale consiste à requalifier l'ERP : non plus perçu comme un système imposé ou figé, mais comme un catalyseur d'agilité, de robustesse et d'intelligence collective dans des environnements marqués par l'incertitude. |
| Keywords: | organizational resilience, strategic adaptation, information systems, digital transformation, governance, adaptation stratégique, systèmes d'information, transformation numérique, gouvernance, résilience organisationnelle, PME, ERP |
| Date: | 2025–07–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05203147 |
| By: | Bryan, Calvin; Donovan, Pierce; Kacker, Kanishka; Pham, Linh |
| Abstract: | Fabra and Imelda (2023) study how the method of payment for renewable energy can reduce the ability of energy producers to exert market power in electricity markets. Their theoretical model provides predictions for dominant and fringe firm behavior under incentives using fixed prices or market exposure. Across several reported specifications, they measure the price depressing effects under both economic instruments. The authors find that in the case of the Spanish electricity market, fixed prices for renewables mitigate market power more than exposure to market pricing. We successfully computationally reproduce 100% of the main claims of the paper. We then explore the robustness of these findings to a placebo event test and modeling choices concerning seasonality and sample selection. These robustness checks typically replicate the main findings of the original paper in sign, but consistently reduce the magnitude and statistical significance of measured results. |
| Keywords: | market power, forward contracts, arbitrage, renewables |
| JEL: | L13 L94 L98 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:258 |
| By: | Hanna L. Adam; Mario Larch; Michael Nower |
| Abstract: | Performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA) on a large dataset spanning many dimensions becomes computationally challenging or even infeasible. We develop a new, fast procedure, ANOVA-HDFE, which uses sequential linear regressions and builds on recent advances in regression analysis with high-dimensional fixed effects (HDFE). It accommodates both balanced and unbalanced settings with many categorical and continuous covariates, while also allowing for high-dimensional fixed effects. Applying ANOVA-HDFE to bilateral trade flows, we find that 60% of the variation is at the country or country-time level. Moreover, a substantial proportion of the pair-specific variation remains unexplained by standard trade cost proxy variables. |
| Keywords: | analysis of variance, high-dimensional fixed effects, large data, variation in high dimensions, variation of bilateral trade flows, asymmetric trade costs, ANOVA-HDFE |
| JEL: | F14 C23 C55 F16 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12055 |