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on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Albora Giambattista (European Commission - JRC); Diodato Dario (European Commission - JRC); Fenoaltea Enrico; Mazzilli Dario; Patelli Aurelio; Sbardella Angelica; Sciarra Carla (European Commission - JRC); Tacchella Andrea; Zaccaria Andrea |
| Abstract: | The European Commission adopted the Digital Europe Programme to equip the EU workforce with the necessary skills to cope with labour market changes induced from innovation in advanced digital technologies as AI. Clerical work and cognitive tasks are considered to be more exposed to AI substitution, whereas manual, operational, and technical tasks are comparatively less exposed. AISE is a job-specific AI exposure metric based on data from financed start-ups whose output could potentially replace a job. Results reveal the existence of a gap between potential and actual AI exposure, as start-ups are more likely to adopt AI development in niche tasks. The AISE-based analysis reveals that cognitive jobs are heterogeneously AI-exposed, and exposure depends on advanced cognitive skills requirements. Beyond technical feasibility and economic viability, ethical and social considerations and trust in AI capabilities determine job expo-sure to AI. Considering EU countriesâ structure of the labour market, Germany and Belgium are the most actually AI-exposed. The largest gap between potential and actual exposure is detected for Sweden and Italy, the former being more potentially AI-exposed than actually. The opposite is true for Italy. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141782 |
| By: | Carpentier Elodie (European Commission - JRC); D'adda Diego (European Commission - JRC); Nepelski Daniel (European Commission - JRC); Stake Johan (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The European Digital Innovation Hubs (EDIH) Network of digital innovation intermediaries, established in 2023, aims to accelerate the adoption of advanced digital technologies among SMEs and Public Sector Organisations across European regions. Covering nearly 90% of European regions, the EDIH Network provides tailored digitalisation support services, including AI, cybersecurity, and high-performance computing. As of September 2024, EDIHs have reached over 200, 000 participants and/or companies through 5, 000 events, delivering over 18, 000 services. EDIHs operate close to their customers, with a broad regional but limited international service coverage. The Digital Maturity Assessment Tool (DMAT) reveals that firms' digitalisation processes follow a structured path, with digital business strategy driving development and human-centric digitalisation and data management becoming central at higher levels of maturity. 90% of firms show an increase in their digital maturity level score after EDIH interventions. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140547 |
| By: | Horioka, Charles Yuji |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we discuss bequests and other intergenerational transfers and what impact they have on the consumption, saving, and labor supply behavior of households. We show that bequests and other intergenerational transfers are prevalent in most countries, that they are sometimes motivated by altruism and sometimes by selfishness, that they affect the consumption and saving behavior of households to some extent, especially that of elderly households, that they affect the labor supply behavior of households, especially that of bequest recipients, and that they have important policy implications. |
| Keywords: | altruism, bequests, consumption, inter vivos transfers, intergenerational transfers, labor supply, life-cycle model, long-term care insurance, Ricardian equivalence, saving, selfishness, strategic bequest motive, wealth disparities |
| JEL: | D11 D12 D14 D15 D31 D64 E21 H3 J22 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agi:wpaper:02000213 |
| By: | Aleksandar Keseljevic; Stefan Nikolic; Rok Spruk |
| Abstract: | We investigate the long-term impact of civil war on subnational economic growth across 78 regions in five former Yugoslav republics from 1950 to 2015. Leveraging the outbreak of ethnic tensions and the onset of conflict, we construct counterfactual growth trajectories using a robust region-level donor pool from 28 conflict-free countries. Applying a hybrid synthetic control and difference-in-differences approach, we find that the war in former Yugoslavia inflicted unprecedented regional per capita GDP losses estimated at 38 percent, with substantial regional heterogeneity. The most war-affected regions suffered prolonged and permanent economic declines, while capital cities experienced more transitory effects. Our results are robust to extensive variety of specification tests, placebo analyses, and falsification exercises. Notably, ethnic tensions between Serbs and Croats explain up to 40 percent of the observed variation in economic losses, underscoring the deep and lasting influence of ethnic divisions on economic impacts of the armed conflicts. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.02431 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Aslanidis, Panagiotis-Stavros |
| Abstract: | This report examines the interlinkages between the environmental topic-specific cross-sector European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) within the broader frameworks of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. The environmental ESRS offer a structured approach for companies to assess and disclose their environmental impacts, risks, and opportunities (IROs), focusing on five key areas: (i) climate change, (ii) pollution, (iii) water and marine resources, (iv) biodiversity, and (v) resource use. These standards aim to enable transparent and comparable sustainability reporting across sectors while aligning corporate strategies with EU sustainability objectives. The integration of such standards can support companies’ efforts in implementing more effectively CSR initiatives and ESG performance; thus, fostering accountability, resilience, and long-term value creation. Ultimately, the interconnections between the environmental ESRS underscore the complexity and interdependence of environmental challenges, promoting a holistic approach to further achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | CSR; ESG; CSRD; SDGs; European green deal. |
| JEL: | M14 Q01 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124991 |
| By: | Gabelberger Fabian; Marques Anabela; Doussineau Mathieu (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a novel approach to measuring synergies between Horizon 2020 and cohesion policy funding in the field of R&I during the 2014-2020 programming period. Leveraging project-level data, we calculate regional cosine similarity indices based on societal grand challenges (SGCs) addressed to assess alignment between the two EU funding instruments in EU NUTS-3 regions. Results indicate that synergies are less likely in rural areas, emerging innovators, and â though not statistically significant â less developed regions, highlighting the role of business environments and innovation ecosystems. Regression analysis reveals that funding alignment is positively linked to the presence of universities and specialization in knowledge-intensive services, though the latter exhibits a nonlinear effect under certain circumstances. However, a higher number of SGCs addressed in smart specialization (S3) policy objectives is negatively associated with thematic funding similarity, likely due to fragmentation and dilution of focus. Regions that prioritize too many SGCs may reduce their ability to develop strong specialization and align different funding sources effectively. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:termod:202505 |
| By: | Byrialsen, Mikael Randrup; Valdecantos, Sebastián; Raza, Hamid; Laurentjoye, Thibault |
| Abstract: | With the important contribution of Marglin and Bhaduri different demand and growth regimes were identified, which inspired a strand of empirical research aiming to uncover the type of growth regime. Most of these studies can be framed into two methodological approaches: (i) a structural, and (ii) an aggregative approach. In this paper, we use a third approach where we exploit the advantages of the stock-flow consistent framework. We argue that using an empirical SFC model retains the advantages of the two more widely used approaches, while adding some novel features: (i) the endogenization of income distribution, which allows for a two-way relationship between demand and income shares, (ii) the consistent incorporation of stock variables in the estimation of the equations of aggregate demand components, and (iii) the inclusion of endogenous labor market dynamics in the analysis. To introduce these features, we build an empirical stock-flow consistent model for Denmark for the period 2005q1-2020q1. Our analysis suggests that demand can neither be categorically defined as wage-led nor profit-led, as the effects of a change in income distribution on the aggregate demand components cancel each other out. Results are more conclusive for capital accumulation, which is found to be profit-led. |
| Keywords: | Modelo de Crecimiento; Demanda; Modelo de Flujos y Stocks Consistentes; Dinamarca; |
| Date: | 2024–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4307 |
| By: | Lochner, Benjamin (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Institute for Employment Research, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, IZA, and LASER); Wolter, Stefanie (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "This FDZ Methodenreport describes the estimation procedure and the processing of the per-son and establishment fixed wage effects (AKM_8523_v1) and how this information may be combined with several of the data products available at the research Data Center (FDZ) of the German Federal Employment Agency at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB). This FDZ Methodenbericht updates Lochner et al. 20230." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Stichprobe der Integrierten Arbeitsmarktbiografien ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Datengewinnung ; Datenzugang ; Forschungsdatenzentrum ; IAB ; IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik ; IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel ; IAB-Betriebspanel ; IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz ; Datenfusion ; Lohnunterschied ; IAB-Datensatz Linked Personnel Panel ; Unternehmen ; Arbeitsmarktforschung ; 1985-2023 |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfme:202503 |
| By: | Marzena Binkiewicz (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Artur Pokropek (Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the causal impact of prolonged school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on non-cognitive predictors of mathematics achievement and the strength of their association with student performance. Drawing on data from TIMSS (2015, 2019, 2023) and PISA (2022), we apply difference-in-differences (DiD) models across two research designs: successive cross-sections of 4th-grade cohorts and a pseudo-panel following a cohort from primary to secondary school. Our findings indicate that, although school closures did not significantly affect the level of students’ self-beliefs, they did reduce the strength of the association between negative attitudes and achievement—particularly among girls and in OECD countries. The results highlight the nuanced effects of distance learning on mathematics outcomes, contributing to the literature on the role of affective-motivational factors in education. |
| Keywords: | Mathematics achievement, non-cognitive factors, distance learning, school closures, TIMSS, PISA, gender differences, math anxiety, self-efficacy |
| JEL: | I21 I24 C21 C23 C83 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2025-16 |
| By: | Dorn, David (University of Zurich); Schoner, Florian (ifo Institute, University of Munich); Seebacher, Moritz (ifo Institute, University of Munich); Simon, Lisa (Revelio Labs); Woessmann, Ludger (University of Munich) |
| Abstract: | We measure human capital using the self-reported skill sets of nearly 9 million U.S. college graduates from professional profiles on LinkedIn. We aggregate skill strings into 48 clusters of general, occupation-specific, and managerial skills. Multidimensional skills can account for several important labor-market patterns. First, the number and composition of skills are systematically related to measures of human-capital investment such as education and work experience. The number of skills increases with experience, and the average age-skill profile closely resembles the well-established concave age-earnings profile. Second, workers who report more skills, especially specific and managerial ones, hold higher-paid jobs. Skill differences account for more earnings variation than detailed measures of education and experience. Third, we document a sizable gender gap in skills. While women and men report nearly equal numbers of skills shortly after college graduation, women’s skill count increases more slowly with age subsequently. A simple quantitative exercise shows that women’s slower skill accumulation can be fully accounted for by reduced work hours associated with motherhood. The resulting gender differences in skills rationaliz… |
| Keywords: | online professional network, social media, experience, education, gender, human capital, skills, labor market, tasks, earnings |
| JEL: | I26 J16 J24 J31 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17896 |