|
on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Charles Yuji Horioka (Center for Computational Social Science and Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration (RIEB), Kobe University, Asian Growth Research Institute, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University, and National Bureau of Economic Research, JAPAN); Luigi Ventura (Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza, University of Rome, ITALY) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the saving motives of European households using micro-data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), which is conducted by the European Central Bank. We find that the rank ordering of saving motives differs greatly depending on what criterion is used to rank them. For example, we find that the precautionary motive is the most important saving motive of European households when the proportion of households saving for each motive is used as the criterion to rank them but that the retirement motive is the most important saving motive of European households if the quantitative importance of each motive is taken into account. Moreover, the generosity of social safety nets seems to affect the importance of each saving motive, with saving for the retirement motive being less important in countries with generous public pension benefits and saving for the precautionary motive being less important in countries with generous health systems. These findings suggest that the retirement motive and the precautionary motive are the dominant motives for saving in Europe partly because social safety nets are not fully adequate. Our finding that saving motives that are consistent with the selfish life-cycle model as well as saving motives that are consistent with the altruism model are important in Europe implies that the two models coexist in Europe, as is the case in other parts of the world. However, our finding that the retirement motive, which is the saving motive that most exemplifies the selfish life-cycle model, is of dominant importance in Europe strongly suggests that this model is far more applicable in Europe than is the altruism model. Moreover, our finding that the intergenerational transfers motive, which is the saving motive that most exemplifies the altruism model, accounts for only about one-quarter of total household wealth in Europe provides further corroboration for this finding. |
| Keywords: | Altruism model; Bequests; European Central Bank; Household Finance and Consumption Survey; Households; Household saving; Household wealth; Inheritances; Inter vivos transfers; Intergenerational transfers; Precautionary saving; Retirement; Saving; Saving motives; Selfish life-cycle model; Wealth; Wealth-to-income ratio |
| JEL: | D12 D14 D15 D64 E21 J14 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kob:dpaper:dp2024-26 |
| By: | Mario Liebensteiner; Jakob Losert; Sarah Necker; Florian Neumeier; Jörg Paetzold; Sebastian Wichert |
| Abstract: | In 2022, Germany introduced a temporary 9-euro monthly ticket for unlimited local and regional public transport. We investigate its impact on mobility patterns, including increased public transport usage, reduced car traffic, and rail network congestion. Using difference-in-difference and event-study analyses with GPS-based mobility, traffic volume, and rail traffic data, we find limited substitution between transportation modes, a strong increase in leisure train journeys, and notable adverse effects on rail infrastructure quality. These effects dissipate after the ticket’s expiration. Our study suggests caution regarding the expected environmental benefits of nearly fare-free ’go-anywhere’ public transport tickets, which are discussed in several countries. |
| Keywords: | fare-free public transport, mobility patterns, traffic volume, mode choice, transport subsidies |
| JEL: | R12 R41 R42 R48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11229 |
| By: | Lídia Farré; Libertad González; Claudia Hupkau; Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of paternity leave on early child development. We collect survey data on 5, 000 children under age six in Spain, and exploit several extensions of paternity leave that took place between 2017 and 2021. We follow a differences-in- discontinuities research design, based on the date of birth of each child and using cohorts born in non-reform years as controls. We show that the extensions led to significant increases in the length of leave taken by fathers, without affecting that of mothers, thus increasing parental time at home in the first year after birth. Eligibility for four additional weeks of paternity leave led to a significant 12 percentage-point increase in the fraction of children with developmental delays. We provide evidence for two potential mechanisms. First, children exposed to longer paternity leave spend less time alone with their mother, and more time with their father, during their first year of life. Second, treated children use less formal childcare. Our results suggest that paternity leave replaces higher-quality modes of early care. We conclude that the effects of parental leave policies on children depend crucially on the quality of parental versus counterfactual modes of childcare. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1455 |
| By: | Lidia Farre; Libertad Gonzalez; Claudia Hupkau; Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of paternity leave on early child development. We collect sur-vey data on 5, 000 children under age six in Spain and exploit several extensions of paternity leave that took place between 2017 and 2021. We follow a differences-in-discontinuities research design, based on the date of birth of each child and using cohorts born in non-reform years as controls. We show that the extensions led to significant increases in the length of leave taken by fathers, without affecting that of mothers, thus increasing parental time at home in the first year after birth. Eligibility for four additional weeks of paternity leave led to a significant 12 percentage-point increase in the fraction of children with developmental delays. We provide evidence for two potential mechanisms. First, children exposed to longer paternity leave spend less time alone with their mother, and more time with their father, during their first year of life. Second, treated children use less formal childcare. Our results suggest that paternity leave replaces higher-quality modes of early care. We conclude that the effects of parental leave policies on children depend crucially on the quality of parental versus counterfactual modes of childcare. |
| Keywords: | paternity leave, child development, family policies, intergenerational skill transmission, regression discontinuity, differences-in-differences |
| Date: | 2024–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2024 |
| By: | Matzner, Anna; Steininger, Lea |
| Abstract: | We study the heterogeneous pass-through of carbon pricing on investment across firms. Using balance sheet data of 1.2 million European firms and identified carbon policy shocks, we find that higher carbon prices reduce investment, on average. However, less carbon-intensive firms and sectors reduce their investment relatively more compared to otherwise similar firms after a carbon price tightening shock. Following carbon price tightening, firms in demand-sensitive industries see a relative decrease not only in investment but also in sales, employment and cashflow. Moreover, we find no evidence that higher carbon prices incentivise carbon-intensive firms to produce less emission-intensively. Overall, our results are consistent with theories of the growth-hampering features of carbon price increases and suggest that carbon pricing policy operates as a demand shock. JEL Classification: Q54, Q58, D22, H23 |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, climate crisis, corporate finance, economic growth, public policy |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242958 |
| By: | Estrin, Saul; Hanousek, Jan; Shamshur, Anastasiya |
| Abstract: | We explore how the type of owner affects private enterprise investment decisions in Europe. In contrast to the literature, we analyze firms with concentrated (>95%) ownership stakes to reduce the potential that agency problems contaminate our results. We consider four types of supermajority owners – family, institutional, corporate, and state and use detailed ownership and financial information from a large sample of private firms from 24 European countries from 2001 to 2018. We find that family-owned firms exhibit higher gross investment rates and substantially higher sensitivity to investment opportunities, profitability, cash flow, and value-added growth compared to corporate and institutional owners. At the same time, and more consistent with the literature, family-owned firms invest significantly less in intangible assets than other ownership types. To demonstrate the robustness of our results, we employ matching samples complemented by analysis of owner-type transitions from family owners to corporate and institutional owners. |
| Keywords: | private firms; panel data; Europe; ownership types; investments; cash flow sensitivity; profitability; business opportunities; Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | G31 G32 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124030 |
| By: | Ondarza, Nicolai$cvon |
| Abstract: | Labour has won a landslide in the United Kingdom (UK) snap elections and will now lead the government. Following the mutual estrangement caused by Brexit, among other changes, this provides an opportunity to revitalise relations with the European Union (EU). Particularly in foreign, security and defence policy, cooperation has already increased in the wake of Russia's war of aggression, but mainly on an ad hoc basis. In the medium term, it is not a question of reversing Brexit, but rather of establishing an EU-UK Common Strategic Initiative - in other words, a new model for structured relations with a partner that is very important for the EU and Germany. Here, the EU should also show more flexibility than in the past. |
| Keywords: | Vereinigtes Königreich, Europäische Union, Beziehungen zwischen EU und Großbritannien, Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik, britische Unterhauswahl 2024, Gemeinsame Strategische EU-UK-Initiative, Premierminister Rishi Sunak, Keir Starmer, Labour-Partei, United Kingdom (UK), European Union (EU), Northern Ireland, Brexit, EU-UK Common Strategic Initiative, Rishi Sunak, Kier Starmer, Nigel Farage, Conservative Party, elections, Labour, Liberal Democrats, Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:300619 |
| By: | Tarsia, Romano |
| Abstract: | This paper provides novel, firm-level estimates of the economic damages induced by temperature shocks. Leveraging European firm-level data, this study investigates the heterogeneity of damages across firms characteristics overlooked in aggregate analyses. The analysis consistently highlights negative (positive) impacts on the least (most) productive firms, contributing to both climate economics and the literature on aggregate productivity. Industry-specific effects indicate different susceptibilities across sectors to weather shocks. These results delve into the findings from the pooled sample which reveal a moderate U-shaped relationship between temperature and economic outcomes, suggesting significant adaptation for firms located in warmer areas. Temperature impacts on economic performance manifest with a lag, and varying persistence across firms. Methodologically, this work employs quantitative methods to address the potential drawbacks highlighted in the current climate econometrics discussion. |
| Keywords: | weather; climate change; firms; climate damages; economic performance |
| JEL: | D24 O13 O14 O52 Q51 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124251 |
| By: | Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The competitiveness of financed intermediaries cannot be based exclusively on financial sustainability, i.e. the ability to create profit, but it is also necessary to acquire a transversal vision of sustainability focused on the three ESG dimensions. The paper intends to propose a reflection on the main impacts of the integration of ESG factors on business decisionmaking and operational processes in the financial sector. In this context, we try to understand what role FinTech can play in favor of greater sustainability. Furthermore, through an empirical analysis, some determinants relating to social, environmental, and governance issues are identified which influence the volume of financial resources moved in the factoring market at a European level. Machine learning models are also proposed to estimate the volume |
| Keywords: | Sustainability, Factoring, ESG, FinTech, Machine Learning, Clusterization |
| JEL: | G00 G21 G22 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121342 |
| By: | Elliot Aurissergues (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Christophe Blot (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Edgar Carpentier-Charléty; Magali Dauvin (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); François Geerolf (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Eric Heyer (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Mathieu Plane (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | The eurozone has gone through a series of crises that have sometimes threatened its survival, but these have also led to reforms in its fiscal governance and to changes in how it conducts monetary policy. On the eve of the European elections, 25 years after its creation, the question arises of how well the eurozone's economy has performed in comparison with the US economy. While the trajectories of their GDP per capita were relatively similar between 1999 and 2008, since then they have diverged markedly. We look at the possible causes of this growing gap, distinguishing between supply and demand factors. ■ On the supply side, the eurozone's productivity has grown much less than in the United States over the period as a whole. In contrast, while the employment rate of the workingage population has stagnated in the United States, it has improved significantly in European countries, although there continue to be disparities within the continent. More recently, the divergence has been due to the impact of the energy crisis and the steeper rise in energy prices in Europe as a result of the drop in the supply of Russian natural gas following the outbreak of the Ukraine war. ■ On the demand side, it has to be said that there is a very real deficit in aggregate demand in the eurozone. Saving has clearly outstripped investment since 2010, fuelling global trade imbalances. One reason for this extra saving is a more restrictive fiscal policy in Europe than in the United States. The aggregate under-performance of the eurozone as a whole has gone together with very heterogeneous trajectories within the zone. For the period as whole, the "northern" countries have grown faster than France and the "southern" countries, although some countries, notably Italy, have recently closed part of the gap. The challenge over the years ahead will be to handle fiscal consolidation and its impact on activity. ■ It is imperative not to repeat the mistake of 2011-2014. Fiscal consolidation may be appropriate during a period of economic recovery, but it is pernicious or at least ineffective when the economy is sluggish; if it proves necessary during a period of economic weakness, it will harm activity less if it is gradual, smoothed out and not synchronized across the eurozone. ■ Furthermore, the priority on this side of the Atlantic cannot solely be to restore public finances, when this risks further widening the economic gap with the United States: given the new global and geostrategic challenges, Europe must finance its security, the ecological transition and new green industries. An ambitious European recovery plan should use its structural saving surplus to target both supply and demand, so as to make it possible to meet these challenges and put pressure on the economies, thereby stimulating growth and productivity. Higher potential growth is crucial to ensure the long-term sustainability of the public debt. |
| Date: | 2024–07–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04634067 |
| By: | LAY Max |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Germany is prepared by the DE EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138022 |
| By: | Carry, Inga |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) is aiming to strengthen its cooperation with like-minded countries to secure its supply of so-called critical raw materials. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen considers Canada a "perfect match" - a resource-rich and reliable partner that shares the EU's geopolitical interests and sustainability goals. Canada is seeking to diversify its supply chains and counteract the influence of Chinese actors in its mining industry through a policy of friendshoring. To this end, the Canadian government has shown itself to be far more open to cooperation with the EU regarding raw material supply chains and key industries compared to the United States (US) government. It would be beneficial for both sides to deepen this cooperation. However, to truly make this partnership a perfect match, the EU should offer stronger financial incentives for the integration of European and Canadian industries, promote scientific exchange and technical collaboration, and advocate for robust corporate due diligence in supply chains. |
| Keywords: | Kritische Rohstoffe, Strategische Rohstoffe, Lithium, Graphit, Nickel, Kobalt, Kupfer, Seltene Erden, Kathodenaktivmaterial, CAD, Critical Raw Materials Act, CRMA, Manitoba, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Ring of Fire, ESG, ESG+1, Mineral Security Partnership, MSP, Benefits-Sharing Framework, EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, CSDDD, Canada, EU, European-Canadian raw materials partnership, raw material supply chains, Critical Raw Materials Act, CRMA, Canada's critical raw materials strategy, mineral and metallic raw materials, rare earth elements, REE, mining industry, decoupling, ESG, sustainability standards, Indigenous peoples |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:300625 |
| By: | Broadberry, Stephen; Lennard, Jason |
| Keywords: | business cycle; economic growth; Europe |
| JEL: | N10 E32 O47 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123968 |
| By: | CERIANI Lidia; FIGARI Francesco; FIORIO Carlo |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Italy is prepared by the IT EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138012 |
| By: | RECIO ALCAIDE Adela; FRUTOS IBOR Rocío; NAVAS ROMÁN María |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Spain is prepared by the ES EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138018 |
| By: | BOUVARD Laurence |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for France is prepared by the FR EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138016 |
| By: | STRÅLE Jonathan |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Sweden is prepared by the SE EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138003 |
| By: | Francesco D’Acunto; Michael Weber; Xiao Yin |
| Abstract: | Matched transaction-level, credit-registry, and survey-based data reveal that consumers on average form excessively high (low) income expectations relative to ex-post realizations after unexpected positive (negative) income shocks. These extrapolative income expectations lead consumers to increase current spending, accumulate more debt, and face more defaults when lower-than-expected incomes are realized. We assess the aggregate implications by estimating a consumption model with defaultable unsecured debt and diagnostic Kalman filtering whereby consumers over-extrapolate income shocks when forming expectations. Extrapolative income expectations help explain state-dependent household debt cycles qualitatively and quantitatively. |
| JEL: | D14 D84 E21 E71 G51 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32715 |
| By: | GREVE Bent; FIORIO Carlo; BAZZOLI Martina; MARZADRO Sonia |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Denmark is prepared by the DK EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138021 |
| By: | FARINHA RODRIGUES Carlos; ANDRADE VICENTE Joana; LEITE NEVES David; MOREIRA Amílcar |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Portugal is prepared by the PT EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138005 |
| By: | ISLAM Nizamul; GENEVOIS Anne-Sophie; EL MASLOHI Anasse |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Luxembourg is prepared by the LU EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138010 |
| By: | ASSAL Ella-Marie; JOHANNES Derboven; GAMAGE Sakura Panagamuwa; VANDERKELEN Jonas; VAN HOUTVEN Stijn |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Belgium is prepared by the BE EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138026 |
| By: | KRÓL Artur; MYCK Michał; TRZCIŃSKI Kajetan |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Poland is prepared by the PL EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138006 |
| By: | RÄSÄNEN Tapio; SIMANAINEN Miska |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Finland is prepared by the FI EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138017 |
| By: | MIKLOŠ Martin |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Slovak Republic is prepared by the SK EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138001 |
| By: | CUELENAERE Boukje; LEENEN Joost; DE VOS Klaas |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Netherlands is prepared by the NL EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138007 |
| By: | PLUTA Anna |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Latvia is prepared by the LV EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138009 |
| By: | MARKIDES Christopher; NEARCHOU Paris |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Cyprus is prepared by the CY EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138024 |
| By: | TOIM Kelly; LAURIMÄE Merilen; VORK Andres |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Estonia is prepared by the EE EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138020 |
| By: | MILITARU Eva; POPESCU Madalina; VASILESCU Denisa; CRISTESCU Amalia |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Romania is prepared by the RO EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138004 |
| By: | KUMP Nataša; KALAR Barbara |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Slovenia is prepared by the SI EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138002 |
| By: | FUCHS Michael; GEYER Leonard; WOHLGEMUTH Felix |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Austria is prepared by the AT EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136957 |
| By: | KALÍŠKOVÁ Klára; MUNICH Daniel; PAVEL Jan |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Czechia is prepared by the CZ EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138023 |
| By: | DOOLAN Michael; DOORLEY Karina; DUGGAN Luke; SIMON Agathe |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Ireland is prepared by the IE EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138013 |
| By: | HEGEDŰS Péter; SZIVÓS Péter; CSATHÓ Ábel; TOMKA Zsofia |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Hungary is prepared by the HU EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138014 |
| By: | TOSHEVA Ekaterina; TASSEVA Iva; DIMITROVA Desislava; DRAGANOV Dragomir; BOSHNAKOV Venelin; PESHEV Peter |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Bulgaria is prepared by the BG EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138025 |
| By: | CIZAUSKAITE Ausra; NAVICKĖ Jekaterina |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Lithuania is prepared by the LT EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138011 |
| By: | URBAN Ivica; BEZEREDI Slavko |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Croatia is prepared by the HR EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138015 |
| By: | FLEVOTOMOU Maria; MATSAGANIS Manos |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Greece is prepared by the EL EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138019 |
| By: | VELLA Stephanie; SAID Riana; MIFSUD Stephanie |
| Abstract: | The EUROMOD Country Reports have the double function of describing the scope of the EUROMOD simulations, including the underlying assumptions, and providing the validation of these simulations against official statistics. The Country Report for Malta is prepared by the MT EUROMOD National Team each year, and made available by the JRC on time for the EUROMOD public release of the model at the beginning of each year. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138008 |