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on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Romina Giuliano (UMONS (Soci&ter) and ULB (CEBRIG, DULBEA)); Benoît Mahy (UMONS (Soci&ter) and ULB (CEBRIG, DULBEA)); François Ryckx (ULB (CEBRIG, DULBEA), UMONS (Soci&ter), UCLouvain (IRES), GLO and IZA); Guillaume Vermeylen (UMONS (Soci&ter) and ULB (CEBRIG, DULBEA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to examine whether and how overeducation and overskilling, considered separately and in interaction, influence workers’ job satisfaction at European level. It also investigates the moderating role of employment contracts. Our results, based on a unique pan-European database covering 28 countries in 2014, show that overeducation and overskilling reduce the probability of workers being satisfied with their jobs, but also that the drop in job satisfaction is almost double for genuinely overeducated workers (i.e. workers that are both overeducated and overskilled). These adverse effects on job satisfaction are found to be more pronounced among mismatched workers (whether overeducated, overskilled or both) on fixed-term rather than indefinite contracts. |
| Keywords: | Job Satisfaction, Overeducation, Overskilling, Labour contracts, Europe |
| JEL: | C21 J24 J28 J41 |
| Date: | 2024–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2024003&r=eur |
| By: | Manuel Aepli; Samuel Muehlemann; Harald Pfeifer; Jurg Schweri; Felix Wenzelmann; Stefan C. Wolter |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the relationship between firms' costs of hiring skilled workers and their provision of internal apprenticeship training. Our empirical analysis draws on four waves of firm surveys conducted in Germany and Switzerland that include detailed information on firms' hiring costs for skilled workers and training practices. Using an indicator of labor market tightness as an instrumental variable, we identify a substantial hiring cost elasticity of apprenticeship contracts of 1.4 for Swiss firms. Although we also find a positive and increasing cost elasticity for German firms over time, its magnitude is considerably smaller. Our results are consistent with the perspective that longer-term post-training benefits are more significant in a country with frictions in the labor market and contribute to a better understanding of firms' training behavior. |
| Keywords: | Hiring costs for skilled workers, apprenticeship training |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J32 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iso:educat:0214&r=eur |
| By: | Aepli, Manuel (Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training); Mühlemann, Samuel (University of Munich); Pfeifer, Harald (BIBB); Schweri, Jürg (Swiss Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training); Wenzelmann, Felix (BIBB); Wolter, Stefan C. (University of Bern) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the relationship between firms' costs of hiring skilled workers and their provision of internal apprenticeship training. Our empirical analysis draws on four waves of firm surveys conducted in Germany and Switzerland that include detailed information on firms' hiring costs for skilled workers and training practices. Using an indicator of labor market tightness as an instrumental variable, we identify a substantial hiring cost elasticity of apprenticeship contracts of 1.4 for Swiss firms. Although we also find a positive and increasing cost elasticity for German firms over time, its magnitude is considerably smaller. Our results are consistent with the perspective that longer-term post-training benefits are more significant in a country with frictions in the labor market and contribute to a better understanding of firms' training behavior. |
| Keywords: | hiring costs for skilled workers, apprenticeship training |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J32 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16919&r=eur |
| By: | CHECCHI Daniele; BERTOLETTI Alice (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The European Education Area aims to support Member States' efforts in enhancing the educational attainment of younger generations. In this policy context, there is a need for an objective tool to assess the educational outcomes of EU countries. The present report addresses this need by pursuing two objectives: (1) providing a comprehensive method for using EU-SILC data to build relevant indicators for monitoring educational systems; (2) investigating the factors that explain variations in educational indicators across EU countries, with a particular focus on the influence of family inputs and personal characteristics. The empirical analysis is conducted using EU-SILC data from the 27 EU countries, employing various methodologies, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and correlational analysis. The results of this report demonstrate the potential of EU-SILC data in assessing educational systems in Europe. Furthermore, the findings offer valuable insights in support of the European Commission's objective of establishing a European Educational Area. The results also raise concerns, suggesting that education in Europe may not act as a universal equaliser. Instead, educational systems continue to exhibit social selectivity in influencing individuals' prospects for future careers. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc128758&r=eur |
| By: | FANA Marta (European Commission - JRC); BÁRCIA DE MATTOS Fernanda; ESQUIVEL Valeria; ANZOLIN Guendalina; KUCERA David; TEJANI Sheeba |
| Abstract: | This report is the final output of a research project investigating the effects of automation on employment in the automotive, apparel and footwear industries in five countries, namely Germany, Indonesia, Mexico, Romania, and Spain. The main objective of this project has been to improve our understanding of how ongoing processes of technological upgrading, particularly automation, impact women’s and men’s employment and work in these industries. Our findings suggest that, in the short term, close to the introduction of new automation technology, the impact on employment takes the form of reassignment of workers directly involved in automated processes to other positions, tasks, and occupations. This study also explored the impact of automation in terms of work organisation and working conditions. Across the case studies, it emerged that the adoption of automation technologies has reduced heavy and repetitive tasks and improved health and safety for workers directly concerned by automation. Another interesting and related common finding is the reduction of workers’ autonomy who are now subject to more standardisation of tasks together with an ongoing process of deskilling of operators. Finally, in the apparel and footwear sector, we did not find evidence of defeminisation at the establishment level as well as the automotive factories remains highly male-dominated. Cultural norms and stereotypes which influence not only the jobs women and men apply to and get hired for, but also which training and education they engage in, contribute to this gender segregation in both sectors. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136639&r=eur |
| By: | Fasani, Francesco (University of Milan); Mazza, Jacopo (Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the literature on the Covid-19 effects on workers and labor markets by focusing on the experience of migrant key workers in EU countries. Our analysis, based on survey data on more than 3 million workers, explores three main aspects. First, we document the over-representation of migrant workers in key occupations, particularly in low-qualified roles. Second, we examine the selection into key occupations. According to our estimates, women are more likely to be key workers, the relationship with education is V-shaped, and EU and Extra EU migrants are, respectively, 12 and 15 percent more likely to be key workers than comparable natives. Finally, we estimate the impact of Covid-19 on the labor market, showing that migrant key workers had to extend their working hours during the pandemic and, nevertheless, faced a 2-3 times higher probability of being laid off relative to natives. Our findings imply that migrant workers played a crucial role in the response to the pandemic, but endured a harsher fate than native workers. |
| Keywords: | migrant workers, COVID-19, essential occupations |
| JEL: | F22 J61 K37 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16884&r=eur |
| By: | Luca Fumarco (Department of Economics, Masaryk University, Czechia); Sven Hartmann (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University); Francesco Principe (Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates a neglected determinant of adolescents’ dietary behaviors: the within-class age difference, in isolation from confounding factors (e.g., absolute age, season-of-birth, and countries’ specific characteristics, such as expected age at school start). We study a multi-country dataset, with more than 500k students, from dozens of very diverse countries. We find that the youngest students in a class have worse dietary behaviors; they are more likely overweight, they eat fewer vegetables and fruits, they eat more sweets and drink more soft drinks, they tend to skip breakfast, go to bed hungry, and be on a diet. These findings are likely to reflect peer effects: two students with the same absolute age, who were born in the same season, and started school at the same time, have different dietary behaviors because of how their age compares to that of their classmates. Finally, we show that this result holds across countries, which demonstrate the ubiquity of relative age effects on eating behaviors. |
| Keywords: | : Diet, Adolescence, Causal, External validity, Relative age |
| JEL: | I12 I18 I24 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202403&r=eur |
| By: | RANI Uma; PESOLE Annarosa; GONZALEZ VAZQUEZ Ignacio (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report has been drafted jointly by the JRC and the International Labour Organization. The report is part of a series of four joint publications that together represent the main final outcomes of a 2.5-year joint research project on the changing nature of work at a global level. The objective of this study is to understand better the algorithmic management practices adopted by regular workplaces. We investigate the degree of penetration and impact of algorithmic management on work organisation, job quality and industrial relations focusing on the logistics and healthcare sectors. The research has been conducted in two European countries (Italy and France) and two non-European countries (India and South Africa), allowing for a comparative analysis across countries in the Global North and Global South. We show that algorithmic management is widely present in traditional sectors, with benefits in terms of streamlining and simplification of work processes and efficiency gains. The implications of these new forms of work for work organisation and working conditions are also discussed. We show significant challenges in terms of potential deterioration of job quality as well as concerns regarding the strong potential for intrusive worker surveillance. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136063&r=eur |
| By: | Coskun, Sena (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Dauth, Wolfgang (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Gartner, Hermann (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Stops, Michael (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Weber, Enzo (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany ; Univ. Regensburg) |
| Abstract: | "This paper examines how the shift towards working from home during and after the Covid-19 pandemic shapes the way how labor market and locality choices interact. For our analysis, we combine large administrative data on employment biographies in Germany and a new working from home potential indicator based on comprehensive data on working conditions across occupations. We find that in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, the distance between workplace and residence has increased more strongly for workers in occupations that can be done from home: The association of working from home potential and work-home distance increased significantly since 2021 as compared to a stable pattern before. The effect is much larger for new jobs, suggesting that people match to jobs with high working from home potential that are further away than before the pandemic. Most of this effect stems from jobs in big cities, which indicates that working from home alleviates constraints by tight housing markets. We find no significant evidence that commuting patterns changed more strongly for women than for men." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Integrierte Erwerbsbiografien |
| JEL: | J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2024–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabdpa:20246&r=eur |
| By: | Seyberth, Lilo; Overwien, Anja |
| Abstract: | Unternehmertum ist eine wichtige wirtschaftliche Quelle für jedes Land. Allerdings ist der Anteil weiblicher Unternehmer immer noch gering und in den meisten Ländern besteht eine Kluft zwischen den Geschlechtern im Unternehmertum, was bedeutet, dass Wachstumspotential ungenutzt bleibt. Wir stützen uns auf frühere Erkenntnisse in der Literatur des (Frauen-)Unternehmertums, bauen auf der Theorie des sozialen Lernens (Bandura 1973) auf und argumentieren, dass Vorbilder positiv mit dem Ziel einer Person verbunden sind, Unternehmerin zu werden. Um das aktuelle Verständnis der Förderung von Unternehmertum durch Vorbilder zu erweitern, unterscheiden wir verschiedene Arten von Vorbildern. Wir gehen davon aus, dass unterschiedliche Vorbilder unterschiedliche Auswirkungen auf die unternehmerische Absicht und das unternehmerische Verhalten von Studentinnen haben. Um diese Hypothesen empirisch zu untersuchen, stützen wir uns auf Querschnittsbefragungsdaten von 2.237 Studierenden aus 127 Hochschulen in Deutschland. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass unternehmerische Vorbilder dazu beitragen können, Geschlechterunterschiede zu verringern, und unterstreichen die Bedeutung unternehmerischer Vorbilder sowohl für die Absicht von Frauen, Unternehmerinnen zu werden, als auch dafür, dass sie dies tatsächlich umsetzen. Bei der Untersuchung verschiedener Vorbildtypen stellen wir außerdem fest, dass es einen größeren Effekt gibt, wenn unternehmerische Vorbilder innerhalb der Familie vorhanden sind, insbesondere bei engeren familiären Bindungen. |
| Abstract: | Entrepreneurship is an important economic source for any country. However, the share of female entrepreneurs is still low with an entrepreneurial gender gap in most countries, meaning growth potential remains untapped. Relying on previous findings in the (women) entrepreneurship literature, we build on social learning theory (Bandura 1973) and argue that role models positively relate to an individual's aim to become an entrepreneur. To broaden the current understanding of role models' promotion of entrepreneurship, we distinguish different types of role models. We hypothesize that different role models have different effects on female students' entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. To investigate these hypotheses empirically, we rely on cross-sectional survey data of 2, 237 students from 127 higher education institutions in Germany. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurial role models can help reduce gender gaps, highlighting the importance of entrepreneurial role models for the intention of women to become entrepreneurs as well as them actually doing so. Investigating different role model types, we further find a larger effect for having entrepreneurial role models within the family, especially closer familial ties. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Gender, Germany, Role Models, Social Learning Theory |
| JEL: | D91 J16 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:umiodp:289597&r=eur |
| By: | Fernando, Bruna |
| Abstract: | The left-right scale of political orientation plays a pivotal role in shaping individual behaviour and government policies, particularly in Western countries. Rational-choice theory suggests that individuals with lower (higher) incomes lean towards left-wing (right-wing) redistributive policies. Empirical evidence has, however, challenged this classical view. Building on cognitive dissonance theory, neuroeconomics, and social psychology, this paper provides a more comprehensive view of ideology formation based on how individuals balance selfishness with other human motivations. The paper uses data from the European Social Survey and Schwartz’s scale of human values to estimate models of individuals’ political orientation, considering the potential endogeneity of income. The results show that relative income and the social values of Conservation and Self-Transcendence strongly affect ideology. Low-income individuals prioritize self-interest, however, while also preserving other motivations. This framework helps to explain heterogeneity in political preferences, as well as communication discourses and policies designed to fit different citizens’ profiles. |
| Keywords: | political orientation; preferences; self-interest; redistribution; neuroeconomics; occupational class |
| JEL: | A13 D72 D91 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120623&r=eur |
| By: | Ignacio Cazcarro (Universidad de Zaragoza, ARAID); Miguel Martín-Retortillo (Universidad de Alcalá); Guillermo Rodríguez-López (Universidad de Zaragoza); Ana Serrano (Universidad de Zaragoza, IA2); Javier Silvestre (Universidad de Zaragoza, IEDIS) |
| Abstract: | Depopulation, especially, but not only, rural, has become a major concern across many countries. As one type of place-based policy, irrigation has been claimed to contribute to resettling populations and reducing outward migration, by increasing agricultural output, productivity, and competitiveness and, consequently, employment and living standards. This paper aims to elucidate on the relationship between irrigation and population for Spain, historically and currently the most irrigated country and one of the most depopulated countries in Europe. We use municipal-level data over the period 1910-2011 and exploit a staggered difference-in-differences design. Overall, we find an effect on population only for irrigation developments that started in the relatively distant past. In any case, effects are temporary or tend to level off. We also consider trade-offs. We discuss the policy implications of the findings in light of current policies, and in terms of environmental and economic costs of increasing the intensity of irrigation. |
| Keywords: | Depopulation, place-based policies, irrigation programs, long-term view, staggered DiD, Spain |
| JEL: | J11 Q15 Q25 R11 N54 N94 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hes:wpaper:0256&r=eur |
| By: | Bucher-Koenen, Tabea; Janssen, Bennet; Knebel, Caroline; Tzamourani, Panagiota |
| Abstract: | We examine financial literacy in Germany and its relevance for financial well-being. Using data from the Panel on Household Finances collected in 2021, we show that about 62% of German households answer the Big Three financial literacy questions correctly. Those with lower education, who are out of the labor force, women, and those living in East Germany have lower levels of financial literacy. Identifying groups with lower financial literacy and developing strategies to reach them and enhance their abilities should therefore be an integral part of the German national financial literacy strategy. Financial literacy is linked to financial well-being: we document that those with higher financial literacy have a higher stock market participation rate and are less likely to report financial difficulties. |
| Keywords: | Financial knowledge, financial well-being, inflation, investment behavior |
| JEL: | G53 D14 G51 I3 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:289445&r=eur |
| By: | Gustave Kenedi |
| Abstract: | High-achieving, low-income students enrol in and graduate from higher education at lower rates than their high-income peers. While much work has focused on understanding their enrolment decision (extensive margin), less is known about what influences their persistence (intensive margin). This paper investigates whether credit constraints play a dominant role for the latter. Using exhaustive administrative data for France and a regression discontinuity design, I estimate the impact of automatically granting generous additional aid to enrolled high-achieving, low-income students. Eligibility is communicated too late to affect initial enrolment, allowing me to recover the pure effect on the intensive margin. I find this aid had precisely estimated null effects on persistence, graduation, and enrolment in graduate school, and did not induce switches to higher quality degrees. This suggests non-financial factors explain much of these students' observed attrition over time. |
| Keywords: | financial aid, higher education, high-achieving low-income students |
| Date: | 2024–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1987&r=eur |
| By: | STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The "Not Another SDG 3 Booklet" booklet provides a comprehensive overview of SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, addressing the interconnected factors influencing health outcomes. It emphasizes the need for a shift from addressing symptoms to addressing root causes of poor health, focusing on equity, accessibility, and environmental and climate justice. The booklet highlights the critical interlinkages with other SDG targets and key issues affecting communities, such as inadequate access to healthcare, health disparities, environmental degradation, and mental health stigma. In terms of monitoring, the UN and the EU propose comprehensive approaches to track progress in global health development, emphasizing interconnected health issues and customized monitoring at the local level. The booklet also discusses EU policy initiatives, barriers, and challenges to achieving SDG 3, including inequity, weak health systems, disease outbreaks, antimicrobial resistance, and climate change. It outlines actions taken by local governments and communities to support universal health coverage, promote health education and literacy, increase access to essential medicines and vaccines, support research and innovation, and collaborate for better health outcomes. The booklet addresses the current status of SDG 3, indicating both progress and challenges in achieving the goal, such as decreasing unmet medical care needs and fatal accidents, while life expectancy and healthy life expectancy stagnate. It also provides a good practice example of Universal Health Coverage in Finland, highlighting the success of the Finnish healthcare system in delivering comprehensive and equitable healthcare services to all residents. The booklet is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of achieving SDG 3 and the efforts required to promote good health and well-being worldwide. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137114&r=eur |
| By: | Käsbohrer, Andrea (Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt); Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Zademach, Hans-Martin (Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt) |
| Abstract: | By integrating the concept of opportunity spaces into the debate on multi-scalarity in transitions, this paper explains how and why actors engage in institutional change processes across scales. Opportunity spaces for change conceptualize a multi-scalar institutional architecture as structure for agency and take account of the future-past-dimension of agency. Actors rescale institutional rationalities by carrying out institutional work across scales with the intention to strengthen an industrial path. Our conceptual elaborations are illustrated by in-depth interviews and participant observation of industry associations in the market for residential storage systems in Germany. Af-ter having constructed and exploited a national opportunity space for this niche, particularly indus-try associations and companies engage in institutional work fostering the national implementation of EU legislation and affecting legislation, discourses and standards at a European scale. While insti-tutional semi-coherence is found as constraining condition for rescaling institutional rationalities, holding positions at multiple scales enhances agency. |
| Keywords: | Multi-scalarity; transitions; agency; opportunity space; institutional work; energy |
| JEL: | L50 O33 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2024–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2024_006&r=eur |
| By: | Flavio Calvino; Chiara Criscuolo; Antonio Ughi |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented global economic downturn, affecting productivity, business dynamics, and digital technology adoption. Using a comprehensive commercial database from Spiceworks Ziff Davis, this study analyses the firm-level drivers of digitalisation during the pandemic across 20 European countries. The findings show that a considerable share of firms introduced new digital technologies during the COVID-19 crisis. Notably, firms that were larger, more digitalised, and more productive before the pandemic were more likely to introduce new digital technologies in 2020 and 2021. Additionally, firms with pre-existing complementary technologies had a higher likelihood of adopting digital applications that gained momentum during the pandemic (such as digital commerce, collaborative software, cloud, and analytics). These patterns may increase polarisation among the best-performing firms and the rest of the business population. Public policy can play a key role in fostering an inclusive digital transformation in the post-pandemic era. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, Digitalisation, Productivity, Technology adoption |
| JEL: | O33 D22 |
| Date: | 2024–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2024/03-en&r=eur |
| By: | Joel Waldfogel |
| Abstract: | Regulators around the world are discussing, or taking action to limit, self-preferencing by large platforms. This paper explores Amazon's search rankings of its own products as the European Union's Digital Markets Act (DMA) was coming into effect. Using data on over 8 million Amazon search results at 22 Amazon domains in the US, Europe, and elsewhere, I document three things. First, conditional on rudimentary product characteristics, Amazon's own products receive search ranks that are 24 positions better on average throughout the sample period. Second, the Amazon rank differential is large in comparison with the differential for 142 other popular brands. Third, shortly after the EU designated Amazon a “gatekeeper” platform in September 2023, the Amazon rank differential fell from a 30 position advantage to a 20 position advantage, while other major brands' rank positions were unaffected. The changed Amazon search rankings appear in both Europe and other jurisdictions. |
| JEL: | L40 L50 L81 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32299&r=eur |
| By: | COEGO Arturo; GATTA Arianna; LIONETTI Francesca; LLOYD Alexandre; MOLARD Solene; NORDBERG Astrid; PLOUIN Marissa; PROIETTI Paola (European Commission - JRC); SPINNENWIJN Freek; STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC); VAN HEERDEN Sjoerdje (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This policy brief deals with the different faces of homelessness, and explores the need for specific data and accompanying policies to address the phenomenon. It concludes that monitoring homelessness provides a basis for appropriate policy intervention. It is important to consider how different measurement techniques are likely to under- or over-represent various subgroups experiencing homelessness (e.g., women, youth or migrants). The smaller share of women in official homelessness statistics can be partly explained by differences in how homelessness is experienced by women, relative to men; how it is defined in official statistics; and how it is measured. In addition, the brief explores forms of support to tackle youth homelessness that should take into account their specific needs, offer education and training opportunities, and focus on emotional development. Finally, the brief discusses the housing first approach that works under a person-centred approach and gives individuals a high degree of choice and control. It provides tailored support that addresses not only housing stability, but also other areas of life that may need attention. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136178&r=eur |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Netherlands FSAP focused on three cross-cutting themes—housing, non-banks, and climate risks—while carrying out a comprehensive review of financial sector oversight. The FSAP reviewed the resilience of the Dutch financial system against a set of conjunctural and structural challenges to the economy: the conjunctural challenges included slowing economic growth amid tighter financial conditions, elevated housing prices, large and interconnected nonbanks with major pension reforms underway, and the shift in securities markets trading from London to Amsterdam since Brexit, which raised Amsterdam to systemic importance for the euro area (EA); and the structural challenges focused on climate issues, including climate physical risks associated with roughly a quarter of the country being below sea level, and nature-related transition risks from an uncertain policy path to bring down nitrogen depositions to contain biodiversity loss and comply with European Union (EU) Directives. |
| Date: | 2024–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2024/087&r=eur |
| By: | BACIGALUPO Margherita (European Commission - JRC); BINASCO Andrea |
| Abstract: | The report focuses on the process that led to the production to a deck of cards called Scaffold by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and European Training Foundation (ETF) to promote competence-oriented teaching and learning, focusing on joint use of different European competence frameworks. Scaffold is deck of cards to facilitate the operationalization of competence frameworks in an integrated way, allowing educators to experiment with competence-based teaching. The report describes the initial concept of the Scaffold deck of cards, explaining what needs it addresses. It summarises its design including the proof of concept, the design of a prototype for testing and evaluating its usefulness before production. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136734&r=eur |
| By: | HOLLANDERS Hugo; TOLIAS Yannis; RADOVANOVIC Nikola (European Commission - JRC); GONZALEZ EVANGELISTA Manuel (European Commission - JRC); FABBRI Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); GERUSSI Elisa (European Commission - JRC); SASSO Simone (European Commission - JRC); MIEDZINSKI Michal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | One of the most complex steps within Smart Specialisation is to determine genuinely promising areas in an evidence-based manner, with the help of multiple data. This is also the stage where the economies from the EU Enlargement and Neighbourhood Region lacked expertise and required support. Following the progress made by these economies in the previous period, it was possible to conduct a comparison of the methodologies used for mapping the economic, innovation, scientific, and technological potential of countries and regions, as well as reflect on the challenges encountered during the data collection process in the different territories. To achieve this goal, a technical workshop has been organized and preceded by two background documents describing the experiences in the above-mentioned countries, with a focus on collecting and interpreting economic, innovation, and scientific statistical data. Similarly, the workshop aimed to compare and evaluate methodologies used for mapping the economic and innovation potential in the countries. This was followed by a debate on how to deal with new challenges related to sustainability and non-EU territories, such as Latin America and Africa. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136308&r=eur |
| By: | Jason P Davis; Jian Bai Li |
| Abstract: | How are new technologies like generative AI quickly adopted and used by executive and managerial leaders to create value in organizations? A survey of INSEAD's global alumni base revealed several intriguing insights into perceptions and engagements with generative AI across a broad spectrum of demographics, industries, and geographies. Notably, there's a prevailing optimism about the role of generative AI in enhancing productivity and innovation, as evidenced by the 90% of respondents being excited about its time-saving and efficiency benefits. Analysis revealed different attitudes about adoption and use across demographic variables. Younger respondents are significantly more excited about generative AI and more likely to be using it at work and in personal life than older participants. Those in Europe have a somewhat more distant view of generative AI than those in North America in Asia, in that they see the gains more likely to be captured by organizations than individuals, and are less likely to be using it in professional and personal contexts than those in North America and Asia. This may also be related to the fact that those in Europe are more likely to be working in Financial Services and less likely to be working in Information Technology industries than those in North America and Asia. Despite this, those in Europe are more likely to see AGI happening faster than those in North America, although this may reflect less interaction with generative AI in personal and professional contexts. These findings collectively underscore the complex and multifaceted perceptions of generative AI's role in society, pointing to both its promising potential and the challenges it presents. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.04543&r=eur |
| By: | BACIGALUPO Margherita (European Commission - JRC); BEKH Olena; BINASCO Andrea; ISRAEL Hazel; WEIKERT GARCÍA Lilian |
| Abstract: | This guide has been prepared to accompany practitioners who will be starting to use the Scaffold deck of cards for designing learning experiences aiming at the development of key competences of young and adult learners while applying the “integrated learning outcomes” approach. The idea behind Scaffold is to provide educators with a deck of cards that they can use to design teaching, learning and assessment activities. The cards represent competences, instructional design principles, assessment methods, and prompts for educational activities. The concept of Scaffold is presented as a portable, user-friendly tool that helps educators combine competences in meaningful ways. The tool is designed to stimulate creativity and awareness in the instructional design process, providing a blueprint for educators to incorporate key competences into their teaching practice. It addresses the challenges identified by the Council Recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning (2018/C 189/01), including the variety of learning approaches, support for teachers, and assessment and validation of competence development. While the “Scaffold” cards are a self-contained, intuitive, ready-to-use tool, that comes with a small booklet for guiding the new users in their first steps in using the card deck to the design of curricula and learning activities - as short as one lesson and as long as the whole course – this guide allows education and training practitioners and researchers to dig deeper into the main principles of learning design aiming at the development of learning outcomes for key European competences. This guide focuses specifically on the teaching and learning methods best suited to support the development of such learning outcomes in a cross-disciplinary, cross-curricular and integrated way. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136622&r=eur |
| By: | Le Xu; Yang Yu; Francesco Zanetti |
| Abstract: | We assemble a novel firm-level dataset to study the adoption and termination of suppliers over business cycles. We document that the aggregate number and rate of adoption of suppliers are procyclical. The rate of termination is acyclical at the aggregate level, and the cyclicality of termination encompasses large differences across producers. To account for these new facts, we develop a model with optimizing producers that incur separate costs for management, adoption, and termination of suppliers. These costs alter the incentives to scale up production and to replace existing with new suppliers. Both forces are critical to replicating the observed cyclicality in the adoption and termination rates at the producer and aggregate levels. Sufficiently high convexity in management relative to adjustment costs is required to replicate the observed decrease in the procyclicality of termination of suppliers with the size of producers. The optimal policy entails subsidies to management and adjustment costs. |
| Keywords: | management and adjustment costs, adoption and termination of suppliers, business cycles |
| JEL: | E32 L14 L24 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11030&r=eur |
| By: | Francesco Lissoni (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ernest Miguelez (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Research on international migration and innovation relies heavily on inventor and patent data, with "migrant inventors" attracting a great deal of attention, especially for what concerns their role in easing the international transfer of knowledge. This hides the fact that many of them move to their host country before starting their inventive career or even before completing their education. We discuss the conceptual and practical difficulties that stand in the way of investigating other likely channels of influence of inventor's migration on innovation, namely the easing of skill shortages and the increase of variety in inventive teams, firms, and location. |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04513336&r=eur |
| By: | Francesco Catalano; Laura Nasello; Daniel Guterding |
| Abstract: | Finding an optimal balance between risk and returns in investment portfolios is a central challenge in quantitative finance, often addressed through Markowitz portfolio theory (MPT). While traditional portfolio optimization is carried out in a continuous fashion, as if stocks could be bought in fractional increments, practical implementations often resort to approximations, as fractional stocks are typically not tradeable. While these approximations are effective for large investment budgets, they deteriorate as budgets decrease. To alleviate this issue, a discrete Markowitz portfolio theory (DMPT) with finite budgets and integer stock weights can be formulated, but results in a non-polynomial (NP)-hard problem. Recent progress in quantum processing units (QPUs), including quantum annealers, makes solving DMPT problems feasible. Our study explores portfolio optimization on quantum annealers, establishing a mapping between continuous and discrete Markowitz portfolio theories. We find that correctly normalized discrete portfolios converge to continuous solutions as budgets increase. Our DMPT implementation provides efficient frontier solutions, outperforming traditional rounding methods, even for moderate budgets. Responding to the demand for environmentally and socially responsible investments, we enhance our discrete portfolio optimization with ESG (environmental, social, governance) ratings for EURO STOXX 50 index stocks. We introduce a utility function incorporating ESG ratings to balance risk, return, and ESG-friendliness, and discuss implications for ESG-aware investors. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2404.02582&r=eur |
| By: | SCHWAAG SERGER Sylvia; SOETE Luc |
| Abstract: | In October 2021, the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission set up a Scientific Committee to advise the JRC on how to best support public authorities to implement, in the words of the EC, the “largest stimulus package ever financed in Europe” aimed at rebuilding a post COVID-19 Europe which would be “greener, more digital and more resilient”. The present paper written by the two co-chairs of the Scientific Committee provides a synthesis of the many reports written over the last two years. It highlights how many of the current European policy frameworks focusing on sustainability have an essential place-based impact which requires the active involvement of local policy makers and more broadly local stakeholders. Over the last two years, the numerous “science for policy” contributions of members of the SC have been two-fold. At the very practical level, they have been instrumental in helping the JRC develop its Partnerships for Regional Innovation (PRI) Playbook: the support document with concrete policy tools for the JRC-CoR PRI pilot. At a more conceptual level, members of the SC wrote numerous reports and papers on a wide range of topics. This synthesis paper argues that the space blindness of many of the European policies aimed at transforming the EU’s economy towards the twin digital and green transitions, hampers Europe’s ability to achieve these transitions and to ensure its future resilience and prosperity. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc136125&r=eur |
| By: | KARLIS Panagiotis (European Commission - JRC); PRESICCE Francesco (European Commission - JRC); GINER SANTONJA German (European Commission - JRC); BRINKMANN Thomas (European Commission - JRC); ROUDIER Serge (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document (BREF) for Slaughterhouses, Animal By-products and/or Edible Co-products Industries is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF for Slaughterhouses, Animal By-products and/or Edible Co-products Industries covers operating slaughterhouses with a carcass production capacity greater than 50 tonnes per day, the processing of animal by-products and/or edible co-products (such as rendering and fat melting, feather processing, fishmeal and fish oil production, blood processing and gelatine manufacturing) and a number of other activities specified in the Scope of the document. The BREF consists of seven main chapters. General information on the Slaughterhouses, Animal By-products and/or Edible Co-products Industries and their key environmental issues is given in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 provides information and data on generally applied processes and techniques, emission levels and techniques to consider for the determination of BAT across the sector. Chapter 3 provides information and data on applied processes and techniques, emission and consumption levels and techniques to consider in the determination of BAT for slaughterhouses. Chapter 4 provides information and data on applied processes and techniques, emission and consumption levels and techniques to consider in the determination of BAT for installations processing animal by-products and/or edible co-products. Chapter 5 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU). Chapter 6 provides information on emerging techniques. Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work are presented in Chapter 7. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc135916&r=eur |
| By: | Morteza Ghomi (Banco de España); Samuel Hurtado (Banco de España); José Manuel Montero (Banco de España) |
| Abstract: | The recent inflationary episode is the result of a series of shocks that have taken place over a short period of time. In this article we use the Blanchard and Bernanke (2023) model as an analytical framework to assess the relative importance of different factors over the course of this episode. Two main conclusions can be drawn from our results. First, supply-side shocks (related to energy, food and bottlenecks) have played a major role in recent inflation developments in the Spanish economy. Second, now that these supply shocks have been absorbed, labour market tightness is becoming more important as a determinant of wage inflation, with a pass-through to prices that has been limited so far but that, if it intensifies, could generate risks with a higher degree of persistence. |
| Keywords: | inflation, wages, inflation expectations, labour market |
| JEL: | E31 E32 J30 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:opaper:2404e&r=eur |
| By: | Cordella, Antonio; Gualdi, Francesco; van de Laar, Mindel |
| Abstract: | Academic literature has mostly discussed digital skills concerning end-users’ capability to access and use single technologies. Against this background, the paper sheds light on a missing element: the digital literacy of those who frame ICT-mediated policies that pursue sustainable development. The paper offers a novel conceptualization of digital skills as the capabilities to understand the socio-technical assemblages that emerge in social contexts after the adoption of ICT-mediated policies. Exploring the case study of the United Kingdom’s Government Digital Service, the paper argues that empowering public administrators and civil servants with these digital skills is paramount to design, implement, and manage ICT-mediated policies that aim to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Keywords: | digital services; digital skills; public sector; Sustainable Development Goals; AAM requested |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:122256&r=eur |
| By: | Julien Duval (CESSP - Centre européen de sociologie et de science politique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article deals with a French TV program that was launched in the late 1980s and that is devoted to the economic dimensions of life. It became very popular and still exists today. This article proposes an analysis of this unprecedented success in France, through diversified and complementary perspectives. It aims to characterize the novelty of the program. The article relates the appearance of the program to various broader transformations of the relations between the economic and journalistic fields that occurred in France in the 1980s and 1990s. It focuses on the charismatic leader who created the program and hosted it for the first fifteen years of its existence: he was a former business school student, representing a completely new profile of a journalist at the time. The appearance of the program is then shown to be inextricably linked to the emergence of private TV channels in France at the end of the 1980s. It then proposes an analysis of the style and content of the program, trying to characterize the vision of economic life conveyed by the program. |
| Keywords: | economics, France, journalism, television |
| Date: | 2023–08–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04267613&r=eur |
| By: | Aiva Jasilioniene (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Domantas Jasilionis (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Dmitri A. Jdanov (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany); Mikko Myrskylä (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany) |
| Abstract: | At the turn of 2021-2022, monthly birth rates declined in many higher-income countries. We explore how COVID-19 vaccination was associated with this decline. Using an interrupted time series design, we evaluate the impact of the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the start of COVID-19 vaccination on seasonally-adjusted monthly total fertility rates in 22 high-income countries. Our findings show that the start of the pandemic had an immediate effect on fertility in most countries, although the size and direction of level changes considerably varied. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination was less all-embracing. A negative association between the COVID-19 vaccine rollout and fertility nine months later was found for ten out of 22 studied countries. For several countries, the decline was preceded by fertility increase that took place after the onset of the pandemic. Only four out of 22 countries had post-vaccination fertility declines that resulted in fertility being on a lower level than what the pre-pandemic trend predicted. Additional controlling for youth unemployment, stringency index, and vaccination coverage changed the associations only little. The COVID-19 vaccination campaign contributed to the variation in the short-term fertility trends. Fertility appeared to have responded in short run to vaccination, however, the resulting decline returned fertility closer to the pre-pandemic trend in most cases, and only in few countries, fertility dropped below the pre-pandemic trend. |
| Keywords: | Canada, Europe, Israel, Japan, Korea, South, USA, fertility, fertility decline, vaccination |
| JEL: | J1 Z0 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dem:wpaper:wp-2024-006&r=eur |
| By: | Marco de Pinto (University of Applied Labour Studies); Laszlo Goerke (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University); Alberto Palermo (University of Roehampton) |
| Abstract: | Entry in a homogeneous Cournot oligopoly can be excessive if there is business stealing. Since this excessive entry prediction has been established, a variety of circumstances have been identified which allow for insufficient entry, despite the business stealing externality. This paper shows that most of them rely on the same mechanism and, therefore, constitute a special case of a general set-up. To establish this insight, we survey the pertinent contributions and classify the circumstances, which are invoked to establish the possibility of insufficient entry into four categories. Importantly, they all imply that the oligopolists pay a rent, which reduces profits and deters entry. Since rents are welfare-neutral, insufficient entry will occur if the rent is high enough. |
| Keywords: | : Business stealing, Cournot oligopoly, Economic rent, Excessive entry, Insufficient entry, Literature survey |
| JEL: | D43 D62 L13 |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202402&r=eur |
| By: | Gaffney, Edward (Central Bank of Ireland); Lyons, Paul (Central Bank of Ireland) |
| Abstract: | This Note examines the non-mortgage consumer credit market in Ireland, which represents just over one-tenth of all household creditin Ireland. Consumer credit has trended upwards since 2016, within a context of overall deleveraging in the household sector. Consumer credit is characterised by smaller amounts, more diverse purposes and a broader range of lenders than the mortgage market. While banks continue to have a large share of outstanding consumer credit, credit unions, collectively, are the main lender for personal loan products. A large, stable share of lending also originates from other non-bank financial intermediaries. Consumer debt servicing costs have not increased significantly since the ECB started to raise interest rates in July 2022. Additionally, the pass through of interest rate increases to new consumer loan rates has been more muted in Ireland than elsewhere in the euro area. Furthermore, overall non-performing consumer loans at banks and credit unions remain near recent historical lows despite a slight increase observed in new early arrears cases. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:fsnote:1/fs/24&r=eur |
| By: | Marco Cipriani; Daniel Fricke; Stefan Greppmair; Gabriele La Spada; Karol Paludkiewicz |
| Abstract: | As shown in a past Liberty Street Economics post, in the United States, the yields of money market fund (MMF) shares respond to changes in monetary policy rates much more than the rates of bank deposits; in other words, the MMF beta is much higher than the deposit beta. Consistent with this, the size of the U.S. MMF industry fluctuates over the interest rate cycle, expanding during times of monetary policy tightening. In this post, we show that the relationship between the policy rates of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the size of European MMFs investing in euro-denominated securities is also positive—as long as policy rates are positive; after the ECB introduced negative policy rates in 2015, that relationship broke down, as MMFs received large inflows during this period. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy; euro-denominated money market funds; Pass-through |
| JEL: | G23 E4 E5 |
| Date: | 2024–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:98056&r=eur |
| By: | Otaviano Canuto |
| Abstract: | The global economic environment has changed as the U.S.—and to a less confrontational degree, the European Union—have clearly established a context of technological rivalry with China. Hindering China’s progress in the sophistication of semiconductor production has become a centerpiece of current U.S. foreign policy. While the U.S. is clearly winning the semiconductor war, the picture is different when it comes to clean-energy technology. Both technology wars overlap with access to and refinement of critical raw materials (CRM), which are key upstream components of the corresponding value chains, encompassing mineral-rich emerging markets and developing economies. The way in which the U.S. and the European Union approach the goal of self-sufficiency, as well as access to and refinement of CRMs, will make a big difference to their stakes in the technology wars. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:ppaper:pb41-23&r=eur |
| By: | Berg, Marco (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Cramer, Ralph (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Dickmann, Christian (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Gilberg, Reiner (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Jesske, Birgit (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Kleudgen, Martin (infas Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH); Beste, Jonas (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Dummert, Sandra (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Frodermann, Corinna (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Malich, Sonja (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Schwarz, Stefan (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Wenzig, Claudia (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Trappmann, Mark (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Bähr, Sebastian (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Bömmel, Nadja (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Coban, Mustafa (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Collischon, Matthias (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Gundert, Stefanie (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Küfner, Benjamin (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Mackeben, Jan (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Müller, Bettina (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Stegmaier, Jens (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Teichler, Nils (IAB); Wunder, Anja (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "FDZ-Datenreporte (FDZ data reports) describe FDZ data in detail. As a result, this series of reports has a dual function: on the one hand, those using the reports can ascertain whether the data offered is suitable for their research task; on the other, the data can be used to prepare evaluations. This data report documents the data preparation of the PASS wave 16 and is based upon the fifteenth wave’s data report: Marco Berg, Ralph Cramer, Christian Dickmann, Reiner Gilberg, Birgit Jesske, Martin Kleudgen (all infas Institute for Applied Social Sciences), Jonas Beste, Sandra Dummert, Corinna Frodermann, Stefan Schwarz, Claudia Wenzig, Mark Trappmann, Sophie Altschul, Sebastian Bähr, Matthias Collischon, Mustafa Coban, Patrick Gleiser, Stefanie Gundert, Benjamin Küfner, Jan Mackeben, Sonja Malich, Bettina Müller, Jens Stegmaier, Nils Teichler, Stefanie Unger (all Institute for Employment Research (IAB)): Codebook and documentation of the panel Study ‘Labour Market and Social Security’ (PASS), Datenreport wave 15, FDZ Datenreport, 10/2022 (en), Nürnberg." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Datenaufbereitung ; Datenorganisation ; Datenqualität ; Datenzugang ; Erhebungsmethode ; Datensatzbeschreibung ; personenbezogene Daten ; private Haushalte ; Stichprobe ; 10.5164/IAB.PASS-SUF0622.de.en.v1 ; IAB-Haushaltspanel ; 2017-2022 |
| Date: | 2024–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfda:202312(en)&r=eur |