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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Laura Recuero Virto (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Fabienne Daures (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); O. Guyader (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurent Chauvaud (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UBO IFCS - Université de Bretagne Occidentale - Institut de formation des cadres de santé - UBO - Université de Brest - CHU - BREST - Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche - CHRU Brest, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Maes (LOPS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD [France-Ouest] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Arnaud Huvet (LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The importance of the ocean for sustainable development has been firmly acknowledged in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through Sustainable Development Goal 14. During a workshop organized by the Ocean University Initiative for the French Ministry of Ecological Transition on May 29, 2019 in Brest, some of these goals, notably to manage and combat the negative effects of fisheries subsidies, noise and plastic pollution, were analyzed, enabling the identification of areas for future research detailed in this policy brief. Some research topics are particularly important. Firstly, the implementation of target 14.6 on harmful fishing subsidies requires applied research into the economic, ecological and social impacts of public policies. Secondly, there is a strong need for harmonized measures to assess the impact of noise on marine fauna (invertebrates and vertebrates). Thirdly, marine pollution reduction target 14.1 should initially focus on plastic packaging, which accounts for almost half of the world's marine plastic waste. |
| Abstract: | L'importance de l'océan pour le développement durable a été fermement reconnue dans l'Agenda 2030 pour le développment durable à travers l'objectif de développement durable n°14. Lors d'un séminaire organisé par l'Ocean University Initiative pour le Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire français le 29 mai 2019 à Brest certains de ces objectifs notamment pour gérer et combattre les effets négatifs des subventions à la pêche, et des pollutions dues au bruit et aux plastiques ont été analysés permettant d'identifier des domaines de recherche futurs détaillées dans ce policy brief. Certains sujets de recherche sont particulièrement importants. Premièrement, la mise en œuvre de la cible 14.6 sur les subventions nuisibles à la pêche nécessite une recherche appliquée sur les impacts économiques, écologiques et sociaux des politiques publiques. Deuxièmement, il y a un fort besoin d'harmonisation des mesures pour évaluer l'impact du bruit sur la faune marine (invertébrés et vertébrés). Troisièmement, la cible 14.1 de réduction de la pollution marine devrait viser dans un premier temps les emballages en plastique qui représentent presque la moitié des déchets plastiques marins dans le monde. |
| Keywords: | SDG14, Sustainable Development Goal 14, Ocean, Fisheries, Subsidies, Underwater noise, Plastics, Pollutions, Sustainable Development, Ecological Transition, Life below Water, Policy Brief, Policy recommendations, Marine biodiversity, Marine Conservation, Marine fauna, Ocean observation, Fishing industry, Environmental Impact Assessment, European Union Policy, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Global ocean, Microplastics, Nanoplastics, noise reduction, marine ecosystems |
| Date: | 2023–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851149 |
| By: | Juhro, Solikin M.; Robinson, Irman; Rahadyan, Heru; Rishanty, Arnita |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses major challenges to the global economy and society, requiring coordinated efforts to alleviate its impacts. Given the nature of climate change, the adoption of central bank policies offers a more holistic strategy for managing and mitigating climate risks, thereby bolstering the resilience of the financial system and the economy. This paper aims to explore the critical tasks of coping with climate risks and proposes an integrated central bank climate regulatory framework to foster sustainable economic growth, by exploring the transmission mechanisms of central bank policies to support the establishment of just transition targets. The framework delineates three essential strategies, namely: (i) data, tools, and research, (ii) regulation and supervision, and (iii) climate transition policy. This paper shows that the central bank’s climate policies to manage transition risks can navigate just transition and support the achievement of sustainable economic growth. The operationalization of these strategies extends beyond the traditional purview of central bank activities, necessitating a collaborative and synergistic approach among regulators and industry stakeholders to guide the global economy toward sustainability. |
| Keywords: | climate risks, just transition target, sustainability, sustainable finance, sustainable economic growth, central bank policy. |
| JEL: | O13 Q52 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–12–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123324 |
| By: | Madsen, Theis; Kountouris, Ioannis; Bramstoft, Rasmus; Koundouri, Phoebe; Keles, Dogan |
| Abstract: | Decarbonization of the energy system is a major challenge for today’s energy system to combat climate change. This challenge is addressed in the EU through different political strategies and plans such as the European Green Deal, Fit-for-55, and REPowerEU, which set specific emission reduction goals for 2030 and 2050. Different mechanisms are in place to achieve these goals, such as the system-wide ETS and the country-level National Energy and Climate Plans. However, there is a difference in the enforcement level between European countries, despite their connection to the same integrated energy system. Hence, there might be discrepancies between the effectiveness of the EU system-level target and the achievements of national goals and plans. To understand and address these discrepancies, we utilize the open-source, sector-coupled energy system optimization model Balmorel to analyze the impact of different decarbonization methods in a fully interconnected, pan-European energy system. In three scenarios, we consider 1) the use of only a system-level carbon budget in line with Fit-for-55 and the European Green Deal, 2) the application of a carbon budget at the country level, and 3) the use of a carbon tax instead of a budget on all production of electricity, heat, and hydrogen. The novelty of this paper lies in the first comparison of these three decarbonization mechanisms and their impact on alignment with policy targets. We demonstrate that the pan-European energy system can reach decarbonization targets across all scenarios. Still, diving from the system perspective into the country level, challenges appear, causing nations to overshoot their allocated budgets. Country-level emission targets are more effective with little cost increase compared to the only system-level target scenario but also cause cross-border effects of fossil fuel based energy production. The carbon tax scenario is the most effective at decarbonizing but comes at up to 27 % higher costs in intermediary years, requiring more early investments. |
| Keywords: | Energy policy, Energy Transition Pathway, Decarbonization Strategies, Balmorel, Energy System Modeling |
| JEL: | C3 C8 O2 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121998 |
| By: | Zong, Xiaoxue; Huang, Kaixing; Ji, Xi |
| Abstract: | Land use policy is crucial for food security and ecological protection. This study explores the impact of the world’s largest Grain for Green Program, which subsidizes more than 100 million farmers to convert sloped cropland to forests and grasslands, on crop productivity in China. By combining detailed county-level crop production data with remote sensing data, our difference-in-differences estimates suggest that while the program significantly reduced total cropland area, it led to an increase in total crop yield. The unexpected yield impact can be explained by the fact that the program significantly increased labor input and multiple cropping in the remaining cropland. More importantly, we find that the program substantially reduced the damage of drought and extreme heat on crop yield. Our findings suggest the possibility of adopting land use policy to protect the ecology without compromising food security in a developing country. |
| Keywords: | land use, food security, ecological protection, climate shocks, Grain for Green |
| JEL: | J43 Q15 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123478 |
| By: | Bulut, Hamid; Samuel, Robin |
| Abstract: | In the face of climate change, the principles of distributive social justice have become paramount in addressing the implications of resource allocation and the unequal impacts of environmental degradation. Our study explores the relationship between distributive social justice and environmental attitudes among young people in the context of climate change. Using a natural experimental design, we examine how the 2021 European Floods influenced social justice and environmental attitudes. Our results indicate significant shifts in attitudes, particularly regarding social justice, following the flooding. We found a strong and robust relationship between social justice and environmental attitudes. A causal mediation analysis revealed that floods affected environmental attitudes indirectly through social justice attitudes beyond direct effects. Our results emphasise the importance of integrating the principles of justice in addressing climate change and suggest that young people’s perspectives on social justice play a crucial role in shaping environmental policies and responses to climate crises. |
| Date: | 2025–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:gx4hc |
| By: | Philipp M. Richter; Joschka Wanner |
| Abstract: | In this EconPol Policy Report, we assess various options for EU climate policy utilizing a quantitative trade and environment model. We investigate the EU’s 2030 emission reduction target, evaluate the impact of the newly introduced Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and analyze different climate coalitions with the EU at their core, including the recently launched “G7-led Climate Club.” We thereby assess the impact on both national and global emissions accounting for carbon leakage, on international economic competitiveness and changes in the global market shares of the EU, as well as on aggregate income gains and losses.Our findings indicate that EU climate policies do not impose substantial costs, have a limited impact on global emissions, but generate substantial gains from avoided climate damages. The only modest global emission reduction is primarily due to the EU’s relatively small share in global emissions and carbon leakage in response to its climate policy. Our analysis demonstrates that the CBAM reduces, but does not entirely eliminate, carbon leakage and helps prevent income losses for the EU. In contrast to the low average costs for the EU across all scenarios, we show that the costs of climate policy are disproportionately borne by resource-rich countries. Achieving significant global emission reductions will require a climate coalition. However, our findings suggest that relying solely on a “G7-led Climate Club” is insufficient for the necessary global emission reductions. This underscores the need to foster a comprehensive global coalition. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpr:_53 |
| By: | Yash Chawla; Katarzyna Chojnacka; Michal Paca; Anna Pudelko; Przemysław Zaleski; Rafal Weron |
| Abstract: | The widespread adoption of selective kitchen and garden waste processing in closed biogas plants is often hindered by financial feasibility and social acceptance. This study presents a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of waste processing through wet and dry fermentation, evaluating energy recovery options from combined heat and power and compressed natural gas installations. Drawing on data from a Polish investment project and a novel concept in waste management research – a survey of professional energy forecasters, we provide financial projections until 2035 to guide sustainable decision-making. Our results emphasize the economic viability of bio-based energy recovery technologies, while also highlighting the potential social and environmental benefits. By diverting waste from landfills and recovering energy, biogas plants contribute to both energy transition goals and the broader objectives of sustainable waste management, including improved resource efficiency and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. This study offers practical insights for municipalities and businesses, promoting policies that support public-private partnerships and the long-term viability of renewable energy projects within the circular economy framework. |
| Keywords: | Municipal solid waste; Biogas plant; Cost-benefit analysis; Professional forecasters survey |
| JEL: | C22 C51 C53 Q41 Q47 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2501 |
| By: | NAKAISHI Tomoaki; YOO Sunbin; KUMAGAI Junya; MANAGI Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | The adoption of residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is widely regarded as a critical measure to mitigate global warming by reducing carbon emissions and supporting a shift toward renewable energy. However, the broader impact of residential solar PV on household consumption behaviors remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of residential solar PV adoption on household electricity consumption, with a focus on the mediating roles of pro-environmental behaviors and technology adoption. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from Japanese households, we examine electricity costs post-adoption as a proxy for usage and emissions, highlighting seasonal variations across winter, summer, and spring. Our findings reveal that residential solar PV adoption is associated with increased electricity costs in winter (13.899%) and spring (2.429%), but a decrease in summer (6.322%). This pattern is partly driven by a greater use of energy-efficient products and electric vehicles (EVs) beyond levels that would have been previously been necessary, actually increasing costs, as households perceive solar energy as a low-cost resource. These insights suggest that while solar PV reduces fossil fuel reliance, it may inadvertently lead to higher energy use. To maximize the environmental benefits of solar energy, policies that promote energy conservation, incentivize battery storage, and curb excessive use of energy-efficient products are recommended. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25011 |
| By: | Srivastava, S. K.; Kishore, Prabhat; Birthal, Pratap Singh; Shirsath, P. B. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icar24:349210 |
| By: | Marco A. Marini (Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome); Samuel Nocito (Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile sales in rally-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF mobilizations, we exploit rainfall on the day of the event as an exogenous source of attendance variation. Our findings reveal a reduction in both the total number of cars purchased and their average CO2 emissions, with an uptick in the market share of low-emission vehicles and a corresponding decrease in the market share of high-emission counterparts. We test for two potential mechanisms at work: one mediated by an increase in environmental awareness, the other induced by a rational anticipation of future stricter regulations. Empirical evidence suggests that the latter mechanism is generally more pronounced than the former. However, the first channel seems likely to be at work among individuals aged 18-25, a group that is potentially more involved in the FFF movement. |
| Keywords: | Fridays for Future, climate activism, green consumption, carbon emissions, automobiles |
| JEL: | D72 D12 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.01 |
| By: | Emilio Barucci; Daniele Marazzina; Aldo Nassigh |
| Abstract: | We explore the interplay between sovereign debt default/renegotiation and environmental factors (e.g., pollution from land use, natural resource exploitation). Pollution contributes to the likelihood of natural disasters and influences economic growth rates. The country can default on its debt at any time while also deciding whether to invest in pollution abatement. The framework provides insights into the credit spreads of sovereign bonds and explains the observed relationship between bond spread and a country's climate vulnerability. Through calibration for developing and low-income countries, we demonstrate that there is limited incentive for these countries to address climate risk, and the sensitivity of bond spreads to climate vulnerability remains modest. Climate risk does not play a relevant role on the decision to default on sovereign debt. Financial support for climate abatement expenditures can effectively foster climate adaptation actions, instead renegotiation conditional upon pollution abatement does not produce any effect. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.11552 |
| By: | Sufian, Farha; Alvi, Muzna; Beniwal, Ezaboo |
| Abstract: | Energy use in India plays a critical role in shaping the country’s sustainable development trajectory, particularly in the context of the water-energy-food-environment nexus. As the world’s most populous nation with a rapidly growing economy, India faces significant challenges and opportunities in transitioning to cleaner and more efficient energy systems. The country’s energy access and use portfolio is closely linked to agricultural productivity, household well-being, and environmental sustainability, making it a key area for policy interventions. Access to clean and reliable energy is essential for improving food security, enhancing economic opportunities, and empowering marginalized communities, particularly women. However, India’s energy landscape is diverse, with rural areas heavily reliant on traditional energy sources like firewood and kerosene, while urban regions increasingly adopt modern energy technologies. The energy transition in India needs to go beyond increasing the use of renewable energy to addressing the disparities between regions and income groups to ensure that all households—especially those in rural and underserved areas—gain access to the benefits of cleaner and more efficient energy. This is the declared goal of the CGIAR Initiative on NEXUS Gains, which explores synergies between water, energy, food, and environmental sustainability. By understanding how energy choices are linked to household activities, agricultural practices, and broader socioeconomic outcomes, this analysis contributes to the global discourse on sustainable development and the urgent need for integrated solutions that address the complex interdependence of these sectors. |
| Keywords: | energy consumption; energy sources; Sustainable Development Goals; agricultural productivity; food security; women; gender; household surveys; India; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168396 |
| By: | Clare A. Balboni; Joseph S. Shapiro |
| Abstract: | How do environmental goods and policies shape spatial patterns of economic activity? How will climate change modify these impacts over the coming decades? How do agglomeration, commuting, and other spatial forces and policies affect environmental quality? We distill theoretical and empirical research linking urban, regional, and spatial economics to the environment. We present stylized facts on spatial environmental economics, describe insights from canonical environmental models and spatial models, and discuss the building blocks for papers and the research frontier in enviro-spatial economics. Most enviro-spatial research remains bifurcated into either primarily environmental or spatial papers. Research is only beginning to realize potential insights from more closely combining spatial and environmental approaches. |
| JEL: | F18 F64 H23 J61 O18 Q50 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33377 |
| By: | Bhatkhande, Aniket; Pethe, Abhay |
| Abstract: | Climate change is dominating risk analysis across governments and businesses and biodiversity conservation is critical mitigation against it. India through the Forest and Ecology grant has the world’s largest Ecological Fiscal Transfer. As the 16th Finance Commission deliberates it can consider the availability of newer datasets as well as past performance of the grant. We appeal to integration of three principles: Fairness and Equity, Ring-Fencing and Additionality, and Incentivizing Performance. We argue for a more inclusive definition of forest and ecology to include diverse ecosystems like grasslands and deserts. Secondly, we present evidence that communities around ecosystem bear the cost of regulation and thus argue for a separate grant-in-aid for communities around the ecosystems extending the opportunity cost principle to the third tier of governments. Lastly for incentivizing performance we recommend a grant-in-aid for the forest departments of the states who are responsible for maintenance and preservation of these ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Ecological Economics, Environmental Fiscal Federalism, Ecological Fiscal Transfer, Indian Finance Commissions, Third-tier Governments |
| JEL: | H5 H7 H77 Q23 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–12–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123440 |
| By: | Federico Lubello |
| Keywords: | Climate risk; macroprudential policy coordination; DSGE models |
| JEL: | E1 E2 O41 Q5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcl:bclwop:bclwp192 |
| By: | Hajdu, Tamás |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of temperature on emergency department (ED) visits using administrative data covering 50% of the Hungarian population and 3.52 million ED visits from 2009 to 2017. The results show that ED visit rates increase when average temperatures exceed 10°C, primarily driven by mild cases that do not result in hospitalization. Higher humidity amplifies the heat effect, which is also stronger following consecutive hot days. The findings further indicate that the impacts of climate change - both present and future - are substantial. Between 2009 and 2017, 0.66% of the ED visits were attributed to temperature changes relative to the period 1950-1989. Furthermore, by the 2050s, compared to the first 15 years of the 21st century, the annual ED visit rate is projected to rise by 1.24%-1.70%, depending on the climate scenario. A heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effects of high temperatures and the future impacts of climate change are disproportionately greater in lower-income districts, areas with lower general practitioner density, and among younger adults. |
| Keywords: | temperature, climate change, morbidity, emergency department visits, heterogeneous impacts |
| JEL: | I10 I14 I18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1560 |
| By: | Vinícius da Silva Centeno |
| Abstract: | This work aims to develop an analytical model that addresses the transition to a low-carbon economy by interplaying demand-driven dynamics and energy supply constraints. As the modeling of energy production in the ecological macroeconomics literature has been addressed within supplydriven growth models, the novelty of this article lies in integrating the energy sector into a demandled growth framework. On the growth side, our model follows the Sraffian supermultiplier literature (Serrano, 1995). On the energy side, it draws inspiration from Bernardo and D’Alessandro (2016), explicitly modeling energy production from renewable sources. We assume business-as-usual and green government expenditures are sources of autonomous demand, with investment and capital stock composed of green and conventional components, respectively. The growth and energy sides of the model are connected through a green investment equation, which embodies a constraint on green capital stock accumulation given by the availability of renewable energy. Therefore, the growth dynamics are demand-driven, but the feasibility of the ecological transition is supply-constrained. Numerical simulations demonstrate that scenarios combining green fiscal policy and low growth are more conducive to promoting the energy transition, aligned with post-growth approaches. |
| Keywords: | Ecological macroeconomics; demand-led growth; energy transition; mission-oriented policy Jel Classification:Q57; E11; E12; E62; P28 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usi:wpaper:922 |
| By: | Laura Recuero Virto (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Fabienne Daures (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); O. Guyader (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurent Chauvaud (LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UBO - Université de Brest, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Maes (LOPS - Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD [France-Ouest] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Arnaud Huvet (LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The importance of the ocean for sustainable development has been firmly acknowledged in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development through Sustainable Development Goal 14. During a workshop organized by the Ocean University Initiative for the French Ministry of Ecological Transition on May 29, 2019 in Brest, some of these goals, notably to manage and combat the negative effects of fisheries subsidies, noise and plastic pollution, were analyzed, enabling the identification of areas for future research detailed in this policy brief. Some research topics are particularly important. Firstly, the implementation of target 14.6 on harmful fishing subsidies requires applied research into the economic, ecological and social impacts of public policies. Secondly, there is a strong need for harmonized measures to assess the impact of noise on marine fauna (invertebrates and vertebrates). Thirdly, marine pollution reduction target 14.1 should initially focus on plastic packaging, which accounts for almost half of the world's marine plastic waste. |
| Abstract: | L'importance de l'océan pour le développement durable a été fermement reconnue dans l'Agenda 2030 pour le développment durable à travers l'objectif de développement durable n°14. Lors d'un séminaire organisé par l'Ocean University Initiative pour le Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire français le 29 mai 2019 à Brest certains de ces objectifs notamment pour gérer et combattre les effets négatifs des subventions à la pêche, et des pollutions dues au bruit et aux plastiques ont été analysés permettant d'identifier des domaines de recherche futurs détaillées dans ce policy brief. Certains sujets de recherche sont particulièrement importants. Premièrement, la mise en œuvre de la cible 14.6 sur les subventions nuisibles à la pêche nécessite une recherche appliquée sur les impacts économiques, écologiques et sociaux des politiques publiques. Deuxièmement, il y a un fort besoin d'harmonisation des mesures pour évaluer l'impact du bruit sur la faune marine (invertébrés et vertébrés). Troisièmement, la cible 14.1 de réduction de la pollution marine devrait viser dans un premier temps les emballages en plastique qui représentent presque la moitié des déchets plastiques marins dans le monde. |
| Keywords: | Conservation marine, Faune marine, Observation des océans, Industrie de la pêche, Évaluation de l'impact environnemental, Politique de l'Union européenne, Directive-cadre sur la stratégie pour le milieu marin, Océan mondial, Microplastiques, Nanoplastiques, Réduction du bruit, Écosystèmes marins, ODD14, Objectif de développement durable 14, Océan, Pêche, Subventions, Bruit sous-marin, Plastiques, Pollutions, Développement durable, Transition écologique, Vie aquatique, Note d'orientation, Recommandations politiques, Biodiversité marine |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851199 |
| By: | José Alberto Fuinhas (Faculty of Economics, and Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra); Asif Javed (School of Advanced Studies, University of G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara); Dario Sciulli (Department of Economic Studies, University of G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara); Edilio Valentini (Department of Economic Studies, University of G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara) |
| Abstract: | Governments across the globe are implementing stricter environmental policies to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This study contributes to the growing literature exploring the influence of environmental policy on skill-biased employment across various occupations. Specifically, we examine the causal effect of the revised version of Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS) and its components on skill-biased employment, focusing on occupations such as managers, professionals, technicians, and manual workers across 21 European economies from 2008 to 2020. Using the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the findings reveal that stringent environmental policies affect employment shares across different occupational categories. Skilled workers tend to benefit more from such policies, with a notable increase in the employment of professionals across all policy measures and a more differentiated impact among technicians and managers. In contrast, manual workers are generally adversely affected by environmental policies. These asymmetric effects on occupations exacerbate labour market inequalities, including disparities in employment levels and potential earnings. This research highlights the importance of designing tailored policies to mitigate adverse labour market outcomes while facilitating a transition to sustainable economic practices. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy stringency, Skilled workers, Employment, Method of Moments Quantile Regression |
| JEL: | Q58 J24 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.02 |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | This article presents new theories of sustainable development. The need for new theories of sustainable development arises from the need to explain the attitudes and various dispositions towards the sustainable development agenda. Five theories of sustainable development are presented, namely, the extinction avoidance theory of sustainable development, the collective stewardship theory of sustainable development, the rogue agent theory of sustainable development, the divine intervention and providence theory of sustainable development, and the resource-resilient world theory of sustainable development. These theories articulate the unspoken philosophy or paradigms regarding the need for sustainable development and who should be responsible for achieving sustainable development. These unspoken philosophy or paradigms have the power to move people to take action towards sustainable development or to do nothing about it, or to oppose the sustainable development agenda. Scholars, policy makers and researchers will find these theories useful in their work in sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, theories of sustainable development, sustainable development goal, extinction avoidance theory, collective stewardship theory, rogue agent theory, divine intervention and providence theory, resource-resilient world theory, SDGs |
| JEL: | Q00 Q01 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123287 |
| By: | Hasan, Amena; Hasan, Kamrul; Haque, Sumaia |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh faces significant environmental challenges stemming from improper industrialization and unsustainable commercial practices. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various attributes and sub-attributes associated with manufacturing companies in Chittagong in addressing environmental sustainability. A multi-criteria decision-making approach, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), was employed to assess the natural environment through six primary attributes and 27 sub-attributes identified via a participatory process. The study determined the relative weights of these attributes and sub-attributes using a pair-wise comparison matrix. The findings revealed that Image/Relationship was the most influential attribute (35.92%), followed by Regulatory (27.6%) and Internal Voluntary (17.9%). Manufacturing organizations were found to prioritize image building, often investing significantly in environmental assessments to enhance their corporate reputation. Under the Regulatory attribute, organizations demonstrated considerable attention to monitoring, inspection, testing, and protective equipment. However, in the Internal Voluntary category, while employee health and satisfaction were highly valued, environmental audits received minimal focus. This study underscores the need for a unified framework to systematically assess and address the environmental impacts of manufacturing organizations. By establishing such a framework, organizations can better align their operations with sustainable practices. This research represents an ongoing effort to develop a standardized approach to natural environment assessment in industrial contexts. |
| Keywords: | Natural environment, Manufacturing corporation, Effect on natural environment, Corporate organization in Chittagong, Sustainability |
| JEL: | F42 F6 N6 N60 |
| Date: | 2025–01–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123414 |
| By: | Muñoz-Torres, María Jesús; Ferrero-Ferrero, Idoya; Gisbert- Navarro, José Vicente; Rivera-Lirio, Juana María |
| Abstract: | The objective of this research is to analyze the inherent complexity associated with decision-making concerning food losses and waste prevention or reduction, considering a multi-stakeholder approach and the possibility of contradictory environmental impact results derived from different solutions. This research defines six scenarios with the support of expert knowledge to assess the environmental impact of food loss and waste prevention and reduction (FLWPR) solutions that cover food valorization, redistribution and consumer behavioral change. After applying life cycle assessment consistent with the Environmental Footprint methodology, the results are fine-tuned with three groups of stakeholders’ preferences: decision-makers, experts and business students. Although the perceptions of the three groups are different across several impact categories, the proposed aggregated environmental impact indicator reveals minimal changes in the prioritization of scenarios among the three group of stakeholders and shows that it is possible to choose the best option while minimizing environmental impacts from an aggregated perspective. Analyzing the detailed results, the values of the impact categories show contradictory outcomes, i.e. when a specific solution is implemented, some impact categories worsen while others improve. This requires deciding to what extent and which aspects the decision-makers are willing to sacrifice, as these choices can influence the decision on the best option. This study includes two novelties, the dual perspective, which combines technical information and stakeholder preferences, and the proposal of an assessment method that assigns the environmental load to the quantities of product consumed, instead of assigning it to the total quantity produced through a balancing process. |
| Keywords: | Food losses and waste; Food losses and waste prevention and reduction solution; environmental life cycle assessment; sustainable food system. |
| JEL: | Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123335 |
| By: | Gaël Giraud (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Paul Valcke (GEJP - Georgetown Environmental Justice Program [Washington] - GU - Georgetown University [Washington]) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Designing policy for global warming requires an integrated analysis of the interplay between the economy and the environment. The consensus is growing that, despite their dominance in the economics literature and their influence in public discussion and policymaking, the methodology employed so far by most Integrated Assessment Models (iams) ‘rests on flawed foundations' (Stiglitz et al. 2016). This is particularly worrisome in the face of the immense risks and challenges of global warming and the radical changes in our economies that an effective response requires. This paper introduces an alternative paradigm, IDEE (Integrated Dynamics Environment-Economy), based on coupling a medium-size climate model with nonlinear, out-of-equilibrium, stock-flow-consistent macroeconomic dynamics in continuous time. IDEE allows for multiple economic steady states, endogeneous business cycles, endogenous growth, corporate default, and the short- and long-run assessment of various mitigation and adaptation policies. We argue that this approach is suitable for providing insights into managing the transition to net-zero emissions and coping with damages induced by the ecological crisis. |
| Abstract: | L'élaboration d'une politique de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique nécessite une analyse intégrée de l'interaction entre l'économie et l'environnement. Il est de plus en plus admis que, malgré leur domination dans la littérature économique et leur influence dans le débat public et l'élaboration des politiques, la méthodologie employée jusqu'à présent par la plupart des modèles d'évaluation intégrée (MEI) « repose sur des bases erronées » (Stiglitz et al. 2016). Ceci est particulièrement inquiétant face aux risques et défis immenses du réchauffement climatique et aux changements radicaux de nos économies qu'une réponse efficace requiert. Cet article présente un paradigme alternatif, IDEE (Integrated Dynamics Environment-Economy), basé sur le couplage d'un modèle climatique de taille moyenne avec une dynamique macroéconomique non linéaire, hors équilibre, cohérente avec les flux de stocks en temps continu. IDEE permet des états stables économiques multiples, des cycles économiques endogènes, une croissance endogène, des défaillances d'entreprises et l'évaluation à court et à long terme de diverses politiques d'atténuation et d'adaptation. Nous soutenons que cette approche est adaptée à la gestion de la transition vers des émissions nettes nulles et à la gestion des dommages induits par la crise écologique. |
| Keywords: | climate change, extreme risk, market imperfections, climate policy, integrated assessment, stock-flow consistency |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04872596 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Davis, Kristin E.; Oulu, Martin; Termote, Céline; Fadda, Carlo |
| Abstract: | Key takeaways • True cost accounting allows for the measurement of hidden impacts of food production on the environment, human health, and society. • Our findings show that at the national level for all crop sectors: o Social costs account for 90% and environmental for 10% of external cost structure. o Major social cost sources are underpayment, child labor, and occupational health risks. o Major environmental cost sources are land-use expansion and climate change. • Findings at farm level in NATURE+ Initiative sites in Kajiado, Kisumu, and Vihiga, for the crop sector show that: o Direct costs (70% of true costs) are predominantly hired labor and seed costs o External costs represent about 30% of the true costs o Social externalities costs (84%) are greater than environmental costs (16%) o Forced labor is the most important impact, followed by child labor, underpayment, and gender wage gaps o Environmental externalities include land occupation (land use) and soil degradation |
| Keywords: | true cost accounting; food production; crops; climate change; labour; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Kenya |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163383 |
| By: | Shi, Yue (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Berentsen, Geir Drage (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Otneim, Håkon (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Climate change has posed significant challenges to socioeconomic systems across the world, with the insurance industry at the forefront of facing climate risks. Recognizing the growing importance of climate risk management in insurance practices, this study investigates the impact of weather events on water-related home insurance claims by utilizing a unique dataset from a leading Norwegian insurance company. We propose an effective statistical model to address the zero-inflation and over-dispersion inherent in claim count data and introduce a retrospective approach to reconstruct historical claim profiles leveraging high-resolution weather data. Our results reveal geographical variations in weather-related risks for home insurance in two largest Norwegian cities and identify seasonal patterns in insurance claims. Furthermore, we evaluate both reactive and proactive pricing strategies based on the retrospective analysis, providing actionable insights for insurers to adjust premiums in response to evolving climate risks. This research offers a robust framework for integrating weather data into actuarial modeling and contributes to the adaptation of the insurance industry to a changing climate. |
| Keywords: | Climate risk; weather-related insurance claims; retrospective study; premium pricing |
| JEL: | C34 C40 G22 |
| Date: | 2025–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2025_003 |
| By: | Anna Schulze-Tilling |
| Abstract: | Carbon labels have been shown to reduce the carbon footprint of consumption choices in several contexts. But are they also an effective policy tool? This depends on how the reductions produced by carbon labels relate to what can be achieved with the alternative policy tools we have available. This paper establishes a comparison to carbon taxes, using several field experiments in the student canteen. I estimate that carbon labels reduce carbon emissions by approx. 4%, and that a carbon tax of €120 per ton would be needed to achieve similar reductions with price changes alone. This comparison conveys that carbon labels are relatively effective: €120 per ton exceeds current EU ETS trading prices by more than 150% and is three times the current German carbon tax on gasoline. Furthermore, I provide evidence that the main reason carbon labels are effective is not that they are able to correct consumers’ misperceptions about carbon footprints. Instead, they appear to primarily influence consumers by directing attention towards carbon emissions at the moment of choice. |
| Keywords: | carbon footprint, food consumption, welfare, behavioral intervention, field experiment |
| JEL: | D12 C91 C93 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_639 |
| By: | Baziar, Aliasghar; Askari, Mohammadreza; Taherianfard, Elahe; Heydari, Mohammad Hossein; Niknam, Taher |
| Abstract: | Optimizing energy and water consumption in smart buildings is a critical challenge for enhancing sustainability and reducing operational costs. This paper presents a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) framework that integrates Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) for real-time decision-making and resource optimization. The system leverages IoT sensors and actuators to monitor and control building systems such as HVAC, lighting, and water management, continuously adjusting parameters to minimize resource consumption while maximizing efficiency. Key findings from the implementation of the DRL + GA framework include up to 20% reductions in energy and water consumption compared to traditional methods. The proposed approach demonstrates significant cost savings and improved system performance, showcasing its effectiveness in real-time optimization. Additionally, the system adapts dynamically to fluctuating conditions such as weather, occupancy, and energy demand. This work contributes to the development of sustainable building management strategies and lays the foundation for smart city applications. The integration of DRL and GA provides a promising solution for optimizing resource allocation and advancing energy efficiency in urban infrastructures. |
| Keywords: | yber-Physical System (CPS), Smart Buildings, Energy Optimization, Water Consumption, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Real-Time Decision-Making, Resource Efficiency, Sustainability, IoT Sensors and Actuators |
| JEL: | Q00 Q4 Q40 Q47 Q5 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123270 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Dauda, Bawa; Balana, Bedru |
| Abstract: | Modern cooling technologies, including cold storage, have been considered one of the critical tools to address increasingly complex challenges in agrifood systems in developing countries, including poverty, economic growth, food loss and waste, food and nutrition security, and environmental sustainability (e.g., IFPRI 2020; Kashyap & Agarwal 2020). Cold storage can minimize most human pathogens, ensuring enhanced food safety (Uçar & Özçelik 2013; Kopp & Mishra 2022) and contribute to increased consumption of micronutrient-rich horticulture crops (Schreinemachers et al. 2018). Cooling technologies can also improve market functions by enabling higher and more stable prices received by suppliers (Rakshit 2011; Schreinemachers et al. 2018) and reducing losses (Allen & de Brauw 2018). Cooling-chain development has been a significant part of food system transformation outside Africa South of the Sahara (SSA) (IFPRI 2020). Similar technologies may become more broadly relevant in SSA in the near future (Tschirley et al. 2015). Traditionally, the use of cold storage has been constrained by high energy consumption and adverse environmental effects like carbon emissions (Pueyo et al. 2020; Steyn et al. 2016). However, a growing set of potential energy solutions are being proposed and introduced on a pilot basis, including solar power (Takeshima et al. 2023). |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; agricultural technology; capacity development; cold storage; cooling; horticulture |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163560 |
| By: | Caterina Cruciani (University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy]); Carlo Romano Marcello Alessandro Santagiustina (Sciences Po - Sciences Po, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy]) |
| Abstract: | To show how pre-contractual documents are currently employed to disclose sustainability and ESG-related information, we map and examine the contents of 945 Key Investor Information Documents (KIIDs) from ten major asset managers, including sustainable and non-sustainable funds. Through a Structural Topic Modelling approach, we infer sustainability-related topics and compare their contents and prevalence in different sections of these documents. Sustainability is a cross-cutting and multifaceted issue, discussed coherently with the SFDR fund classification across multiple sections of the KIID, making the option to convey sustainable information in a single section complex to implement. |
| Abstract: | Pour montrer comment les documents pré-contractuels sont actuellement utilisés pour divulguer des informations liées à la durabilité et aux critères ESG, nous cartographions et examinons le contenu de 945 Documents d'Information Clé pour l'Investisseur (DICI) provenant de dix grands gestionnaires d'actifs, incluant des fonds durables et non durables. Grâce à une approche de Modélisation Thématique Structurale (STM), nous déduisons les sujets liés à la durabilité et comparons leur contenu et leur prévalence dans différentes sections de ces documents. La durabilité est une question transversale et multifacette, abordée de manière cohérente avec la classification des fonds SFDR à travers plusieurs sections du DICI, rendant complexe la possibilité de transmettre les informations durables dans une seule section. |
| Keywords: | KIID, KID, ESG, Sustainability, SFDR, Structural topic modelling, Precontractual documents, Sustainability Dimensions, ESG criteria, ESG investing, Environmental Social Governance ESG scores |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04874589 |
| By: | Houda Alhoussari (Prince Sultan University [Riyad], IODE - Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This study explores the integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into corporate practices, focusing on the methodologies used for their evaluation and the factors influencing their adoption. Through a qualitative and comparative analysis of European and Saudi Arabian contexts, the research examines how companies align their strategies with ESG requirements in diverse regulatory and cultural environments. Data is drawn from established ESG rating agencies, corporate sustainability reports, and case studies, allowing for a thorough investigation of internal and external evaluation processes and their implications for ESG scores. The study identifies key challenges in ESG implementation, including ambiguities in definitions, resource disparities, sector-specific considerations, and resistance due to cost or unfavorable ratings. It also highlights the role of legal and regulatory frameworks, such as the ESG Disclosure Guidelines introduced by the Saudi Capital Market Authority and global standards like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), in shaping corporate ESG practices. Recommendations emphasize the need for standardized evaluation criteria, targeted support for smaller enterprises, and stronger legal frameworks to promote transparency and compliance. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ESG dynamics and provide actionable insights for advancing corporate sustainability on a global scale. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Social and Governance (ESG), Corporate Sustainability, Corporate Accountability and Transparency, Evaluation Methodologies, Companies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04883833 |
| By: | Andrea Bastianin (Department of Economics, Management, and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Xiao Li (Department of Economics, Management, and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan; Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and University of Pavia); Luqman Shamsudin (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan) |
| Abstract: | The transition to a cleaner energy mix, essential for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, will significantly increase demand for metals critical to renewable energy technologies. Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements, are indispensable for renewable energy generation and the electrification of global economies. However, their markets are characterized by high price volatility due to supply concentration, low substitutability, and limited price elasticity. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the price volatility of ETMs, a subset of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). Using a combination of exploratory data analysis, data reduction, and visualization methods, we identify key features for accurate point and density forecasts. We evaluate various volatility models, including Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Stochastic Volatility (SV) models, to determine their forecasting performance. Our findings reveal significant heterogeneity in ETM volatility patterns, which challenge standard groupings by data providers and geological classifications. The results contribute to the literature on CRM economics and commodity volatility, offering novel insights into the complex dynamics of ETM markets and the modeling of their returns and volatilities. |
| Keywords: | Critical Raw Materials, Energy Transition, Features, Volatility, Forecasting, Density forecasts |
| JEL: | C22 C53 C58 Q02 Q30 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.04 |
| By: | Jaecheol Lee; Andrew J. Wilson; Solomon M. Hsiang |
| Abstract: | Particulate matter (PM) is a major, clinically important air pollutant. A large portion of emitted PM crosses borders, damaging health outside of its originating jurisdiction, but due in part to technical obstacles these pollutant flows remain unregulated. Proposed attribution approaches assume that units of PM originating in different jurisdictions cause the same harm, despite a widespread understanding that differing chemical and physical features of PM could generate distinct health effects. We use an atmospheric model to decompose the origins of PM individuals are exposed to at each location in South Korea, the nexus of one of the world's most contentious transboundary air pollution disputes, every day during 2005–2016. We then link these data to universal healthcare records in an econometric analysis that simultaneously measures and accounts for harms from seven types of PM, each from a distinct origin. We discover that the health harm of a unit of transboundary PM is approximately 5× (North Korea) and 2.6× (China) greater than a unit of PM originating within South Korea, and that health responses to PM from natural sources differs from those to anthropogenic sources. Because harms differ by origin, we compute that transboundary sources contribute only 43% of anthropogenic PM exposure in South Korea but generate over 70% of its associated respiratory health costs. Our results suggest that PM should be treated as a mixture of distinct pollutants, each with a unique measurable impact on human health. |
| JEL: | C80 F18 H51 H79 H87 I1 I18 Q52 Q53 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33379 |
| By: | Podestá, Andrea |
| Abstract: | Los países de América Latina y el Caribe presentan una alta vulnerabilidad al cambio climático, lo que deriva en que la política fiscal sea fundamental para garantizar un futuro sostenible y resiliente. La medición del gasto público relacionado con el cambio climático es esencial para gestionar de forma eficiente los recursos y para evaluar el avance de las políticas climáticas y los compromisos internacionales, como los referentes al Acuerdo de París y a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Este proceso requiere la movilización de recursos significativos, lo que puede facilitarse mediante el etiquetado del presupuesto climático. Dado que las cuestiones climáticas abarcan diversas áreas, ministerios y funciones de gobierno, en este informe se adopta un enfoque transversal y se analizan el gasto y la inversión pública para la adaptación al cambio climático y su mitigación en seis países de América Latina: Argentina, Colombia, Honduras, México, Nicaragua y Perú. Además, se plantean orientaciones para fortalecer las estadísticas de gasto público climático, proporcionando una visión integral y un panorama actualizado de las finanzas públicas para abordar los desafíos en materia climática. |
| Date: | 2024–12–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81149 |
| By: | Greenland , William (University of Sydney); Toth , Russell (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the resilience of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Fiji against the economic impacts of major shocks including the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and climate-related hazards, using a survey of 2, 400 MSMEs from early 2023. The analysis focuses on the effectiveness of government concessional loans in aiding pandemic recovery and evaluates MSMEs’ strategies for climate resilience. Findings indicate that while government support has been pivotal in mitigating pandemic-related economic downturns, its effectiveness is varied, highlighting the necessity of accessible and targeted financial support. Furthermore, experiences with natural hazards significantly influence MSMEs’ future resilience strategies, with a notable preference for self-funding recovery efforts among MSMEs that had experienced a significant climate-related disaster. The study underscores the importance of integrating immediate financial support with long-term climate adaptation strategies for MSMEs, offering insights for policy formulation aimed at enhancing economic resilience in emerging markets in the Pacific and beyond. |
| Keywords: | micro; small; and medium-sized enterprises; COVID-19 pandemic; concessional loans; climate resilience; Fiji |
| JEL: | L53 O56 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0765 |
| By: | Gilles Dufrénot (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille and CEPII); Edem Egnikpo (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille) |
| Abstract: | We propose a new approach to measure the sensitivity of economic growth to natural disasters in developing countries at different time horizons (short, medium, and long term). We allow for heterogeneous effects across growth regimes and intensities of disaster shocks using quantile-on-quantile regressions and wavelet decomposition. Our findings yield several insights. First, small disaster shocks boost GDP per capita growth in low-growth countries across all horizons. By contrast, in high-growth countries, such shocks cause sharp short-term growth declines, followed by a rapid recovery in the medium term, albeit without regaining the pre-disaster growth trajectory in the long term. Second, severe disaster shocks lead to long-term growth losses in highgrowth countries, despite their initial resilience. Conversely, low-growth countries experience immediate and persistent growth declines that worsen over time. Third, the role of macroeconomic variables in mitigating or amplifying growth losses varies depending on the growth regime, disaster severity, and time horizon. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, growth, developing countries, quantile-on-quantile |
| JEL: | C50 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2437 |
| By: | Anne de Bortoli |
| Abstract: | Despite the ever-growing massive consumption of aggregates, knowledge about their environmental footprint is limited. My literature review on virgin aggregate Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) highlighted many shortcomings, such as low-quality inputs and fragmented system boundaries, and estimated that gravel consumption is responsible for 0.17 to 1.8 percent of the global carbon footprint. I thus developed comprehensive LCAs, based on field data collected from quarries in Quebec producing annually 7 million tons of aggregates, representing different types of rocks, productions (mobile, fixed), and energies consumed, using ecoinvent 3.7 and TRACI characterization method. Results show that the often-forgotten blasting and machinery are major contributors to several impact categories, along with diesel consumption. The link between the nature of the rock and the environmental impacts of aggregates is demonstrated for the first time: the harder it is, the more exposive it requires, thus increasing the impacts. Moreover, the more abrasive the rock is, the faster it wears out machinery, generating higher maintenance that increases human and ecosystem toxicities. A pronounced sensitivity of the impacts to the electricity mix is also shown based on a scenario analysis carried on Europe, China, and different Canadian and American regions. Additionally, aggregate transportation to the consumer, modeled with tailored inventories, can more than double the impact of the aggregate at the gates of the quarry, with strong regional variability. In a near future, I call for considering consistent system boundaries in aggregate LCA, refining blasting, energy consumption, machinery manufacturing and maintenance, as well as customizing truck transportation models, for more reliable aggregate LCAs. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.10457 |
| By: | Elliott, Rebecca |
| Abstract: | In the United States, individual and collective economic well-being is closely tied to homeownership. But there is an emerging set of complex issues where climate impacts intersect with housing markets. As climate disasters hit with greater intensity and frequency, the economic effects will be felt not only as the underlying assets are damaged or destroyed, but also as those experiences, and expectations of similar ones to come, are “priced in” to the judgments of what homes in floodplains, on the storm-exposed coasts, and in the wildland-urban interface are worth. Drawing on scholarship on economic valuation, racism and housing markets, and homeownership in American political economy and culture, I outline a sociology of property value that can help us to approach this matter analytically as it unfolds empirically. This approach allows us to better see how social actors will shape the climate-changed world by determining whether, how, and with what effects property values change. I illustrate these potential contributions through application to a court case in which the question of what, precisely, was happening to property value—and whether, by extension, proximity to the water is an amenity or a risk—was the primary point of contention. The implications open onto fundamental questions about the future of safe and secure housing in a climate-changed United States. |
| Keywords: | homeownership; United States; climate change; property value; valuation |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–12–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125922 |
| By: | Denis Bailly (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UBO - Université de Brest); Mathieu Perona (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Laura Recuero Virto (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Maxime Sèbe (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Fabien Yao (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This policy brief highlights the insights subjective well-being metrics bring to the understanding of the relationship between consumption and happiness. We explore this topic in the advent of expected significant price increases under the double impact of higher climate volatility and the costly transition to cleaner production and transportation technologies, as is the case with maritime transport. People appear to be sensitive to price increases, on top of the real purchasing power of price and income changes regarding their happiness. Moreover, the type of consumption matters, with a lower marginal effect of material consumption on wellbeing compared to experiential consumption. Health, social relationships, and local environment are considered as main drivers of their wellbeing and de-emphasise consumption. A key outcome is that the gains of additional consumption decrease with the level of consumption, making consumption reductions less painful at the upper end of the revenue scale. Rich societies should be actively working on further decoupling material consumption and well-being by consciously exposing the elusive nature of the well-being boost we get from conspicuous consumption (goods others can readily observe: car, clothing, house, watches) and provide incentives for more socially and environmentally responsible modes of consumption. |
| Abstract: | Cette note politique met en lumière les perspectives que les mesures subjectives du bien-être apportent à la compréhension de la relation entre consommation et bonheur. Nous explorons ce sujet alors que l'on s'attend à des augmentations de prix significatives sous le double impact d'une plus grande volatilité du climat et d'une transition coûteuse vers des technologies de production et de transport plus propres, comme c'est le cas pour le transport maritime. Les consommateurs semblent être sensibles aux augmentations de prix, en plus du pouvoir d'achat réel et des fluctuations de revenus qui influencent leur bonheur. En outre, le type de consommation a son importance ; l'effet marginal de la consommation matérielle sur le bien-être étant plus faible que celui de la consommation expérientielle. La santé, les relations sociales et l'environnement local sont considérés comme les principaux moteurs de leur bien-être, au détriment de la consommation. Il en résulte que les gains d'une consommation supplémentaire diminuent avec le niveau de consommation, ce qui rend les réductions de consommation moins douloureuses à l'extrémité supérieure de l'échelle des revenus. Les sociétés riches devraient s'employer activement à découpler davantage la consommation matérielle et le bien-être en exposant consciemment la nature insaisissable de l'augmentation du bien-être que nous procure la consommation ostentatoire (biens que les autres peuvent facilement observer : voitures, vêtements, maisons, montres) et en offrant des incitations à des modes de consommation plus responsables d'un point de vue social et environnemental. |
| Keywords: | Policy Brief, Consumption, Technology, Wellbeing, Maritime Transport, Happiness, Climate impact, Environmental impact, Capitalism, Human Health, Marine biodiversity |
| Date: | 2023–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851069 |
| By: | Abdelati El Arfaoui (UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl); Nouredine Marchoud (UMI - جامعة مولاي إسماعيل = Université Moulay Ismaïl) |
| Abstract: | Companies are currently focusing on activities that increasingly benefit stakeholders, within the framework of corporate responsibility (CSR). Moreover, environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects are the main dimensions of corporate responsibility practices and efforts.Companies engage in ESG activities in order to signal their compliance to the market, but also to improve their financial returns. However, the link between ESG performance and financial performance is not yet well established. Our analysis seeks to synthesise the literature on the following theme: ESG performance and its impact on financial performance. We therefore seek to better understand the relationship between the financial performance of companies and CSR activities (in terms of ESG performance).In other words, can the allocation of company resources to environmental, social and governance (ESG) aspects be a source of improved financial performance for the benefit of the company and its stakeholders? As part of a systematic literature review and in order to shed light on this question, we analysed the content of 63 articles identified as dealingwith the relationship between ESG performance and financial performance. This analysis shows that although most of the studies carried out indicate a positive relationship, others have concluded the existence of negative or even mixed relationships. It therefore confirms the need for more in-depth research into this relationship and the variables that may influence it. |
| Abstract: | Actuellement les entreprises se donnent aux activités qui profitent de plus en plus aux parties prenantes, dans le cadre de la responsabilité des entreprises (RSE). Et les aspects environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) sont les principales dimensions des pratiques et des efforts de responsabilité des entreprises. Les entreprises s'engagent dans des activités ESG afin de signaler leur conformité sur le marché, mais aussi pour améliorer leurs rendements financiers. Cependant, le lien entre performance ESG et performance financière n'est pas encore bien déterminée. Notre analyse cherche à synthétiser la littérature sur le thème suivant : la performance ESG est son impact sur la performance financière. Et donc chercher à mieux cerner la relation ente la performance financière des entreprises et les activités de RSE (sous l'aspect de la performance ESG).En d'autres termes, l'allocation des ressources de l'entreprise aux aspects environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) peut-elle être une source d'amélioration de la performance financière au profit de l'entreprise et de ses parties prenantes ? Dans le cadre d'une revue de littérature systématique et afin d'apporter un éclairage sur cette question, nous avons analysé le contenu de 63 articles identifiés traitant la relation entre la performance ESG et la performance financière. Cette analyse montre que même si la plupart des études menées indiquent une relation positive, d'autre ont conclus l'existence de relations négatives voir mitigées. Elle confirme donc la nécessité de recherches plus approfondies concernant cette relation ainsi que les variables qui peuvent l'influencer. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, ESG performance, financial performance, Développement durable, Responsabilité sociale des entreprises, performance ESG, performance financière |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04864136 |
| By: | Mohiuddin, Hossain; Fukushige, Tatsuya; Fitch-Polse, Dillon |
| Abstract: | Micromobility options such as electric bike-share and scooter-share services are a fundamental part of the existing shared mobility landscape. Research has shown that micromobility use can reduce car dependence. This is accomplished through trip-level mode replacement and adjustments in mode-use configurations in daily travel. Understanding the full potential of micromobility services as a car replacement can help cities better plan for the services to meet environmental sustainability goals. Researchers at the University of California, Davis collected GPS-based travel diary data from individual micromobility users from 48 cities in the US and examined their travel behavior and micromobility use patterns. They found thatmicromobility services can displace car use. Toachieve environmental sustainability goals, cities must pursue options that will deliver benefits, such as micromobility services. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Bicycles, micromobility, modal split, scooters, travel surveys, vehicle miles of travel, vehicle sharing |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt91w588s7 |
| By: | Edouard Pignède (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Climate Economics Chair - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | Droughts can dramatically affect economic activities, especially in developing countries where more than half the labor force is in the agricultural sector. This paper highlights the causal impact of drought on income inequality using a new methodology known as the quantile treatment effect on the treated under the copula stability assumption. This method generalizes the difference‐in‐differences framework to the entire distribution. The methodology is applied to a geo‐referenced and nationally representative household survey of two sub‐Saharan African countries: Ethiopia and Malawi. The results show that droughts worsen income inequality in both countries. Lower income quantiles are subject to a higher decrease in per capita income, up to 40% for the lowest income quantile. In contrast, higher income quantiles are largely unaffected or appear to benefit from the drought. These results are robust to several specifications and offer quantitative insights into how extreme weather conditions affect inequality dynamics in developing countries. Inequality formation is driven by differences in the ability to cope with droughts. The results show that wealthier households have a higher capacity to find alternative sources of income to prevent a welfare drop. In contrast, the most vulnerable households, particularly those that are low in assets, remote, or headed by women or older individuals, are most seriously harmed. Finally, consumption‐smoothing behaviors and asset depletion strategies in middle income households are also observed. |
| Abstract: | Les sécheresses peuvent avoir des conséquences dramatiques sur les activités économiques, en particulier dans les pays en développement où plus de la moitié de la main-d'œuvre travaille dans le secteur agricole. Cet article met en évidence l'impact causal de la sécheresse sur l'inégalité des revenus en utilisant une nouvelle méthodologie connue sous le nom d'effet de traitement par quantile sur le traité sous l'hypothèse de stabilité de la copule. Cette méthode généralise le cadre de la différence des différences à l'ensemble de la distribution. La méthodologie est appliquée à une enquête géoréférencée et représentative au niveau national sur les ménages de deux pays d'Afrique subsaharienne : Éthiopie et Malawi. Les résultats montrent que les sécheresses aggravent les inégalités de revenus dans les deux pays. Les quantiles de revenus inférieurs subissent une baisse plus importante du revenu par habitant, jusqu'à 40 % pour le quantile de revenus le plus bas. En revanche, les quantiles de revenus plus élevés ne sont pas affectés ou semblent bénéficier de la sécheresse. Ces résultats sont robustes à plusieurs spécifications et offrent un aperçu quantitatif de la manière dont les conditions météorologiques extrêmes affectent la dynamique des inégalités dans les pays en développement. La formation des inégalités est déterminée par les différences de capacité à faire face aux sécheresses. Les résultats montrent que les ménages les plus riches ont une plus grande capacité à trouver d'autres sources de revenus pour éviter une baisse de bien-être. En revanche, les ménages les plus vulnérables, en particulier ceux qui disposent de peu d'actifs, qui sont isolés ou qui sont dirigés par des femmes ou des personnes âgées, sont les plus gravement touchés. Enfin, on observe également des comportements de lissage de la consommation et des stratégies d'épuisement des actifs chez les ménages à revenus moyens. |
| Keywords: | Inequality, Drought, Adaptation |
| Date: | 2025–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04886547 |
| By: | Jean-Baptiste Hasse (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France); Capucine Nobletz (Banque de France, Institut Louis Bachelier, Paris, France) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we present a critical raw materials index (CRMI) that represents the price dynamics of the raw materials required for the low-carbon transition. Using a unique market and trade dataset covering 29 critical raw materials from 2012 to 2023, we construct a weekly trade weighted price index following a robust methodological framework. The relevance of our index is demonstrated through a validation process including a plausibility analysis and a comparability analysis. In addition, a sensitivity analysis provides empirical evidence of the robustness of our index to alternative data treatment, weighting factors and weighting schemes. Our framework offers policymakers a useful price benchmark to track the underlying metal market dynamics required by the growing clean energy sectors. |
| Keywords: | Critical Raw Materials Index (CRMI), Energy Transition, Index Construction, Metal prices. |
| JEL: | C43 Q3 Q4 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2428 |
| By: | Namugumya, Brenda Shenute; Fakhry, Hager; Herens, Marion; Huynh, Tuyen; Duong, Thanh Thi; Pham, Huong; Mengesha, Belay Terefe; Khatun, Wajiha |
| Abstract: | The CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) recognizes the urgency of early stakeholder engagement to facilitate systemic changes towards sustainable healthy diets. This qualitative exploratory study aimed to provide insights about where stakeholders are active in food systems in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Viet Nam and their characteristics. The conceptual framework of food systems for diets and nutrition proposed by the High Level Panel of Experts on food security and nutrition was used to map all stakeholders using a network analysis approach, in particular applying the degree centrality measure. This measure shows the food system domains with the largest number of stakeholder connections. The analysis reveals that centralization is spread across various food system domains. In Bangladesh, the areas with the most stakeholder connections are observed in the policy and governance and food environment domains. In Ethiopia, more connections were observed under the food environment, and production system domains and the outcomes related to diets, nutrition and health. In Viet Nam, it is the production system, storage and trade, packaging and processing, and food environment domains with the most stakeholder connections. Overall, platforms are active in policy and governance in all countries, suggesting that engaging with multi-stakeholder platforms is beneficial for SHiFT to advance the national agendas aimed at realizing sustainable healthy diets. Considering connectivity with food system domains, SHiFT can collaborate with all sectors. Moreover, focusing on stakeholders in the food environment, particularly on overseeing foodscapes for people, is essential. However, implementing food systems transformation requires identifying and engaging with other actors as well. However, there is limited representation of stakeholders in processing, transport, and retail, especially in Ethiopia and Bangladesh. International stakeholders emerge prominently from our analysis, suggesting that the food system narrative may still be primarily driven from an international/global perspective, resonating with the United Nations Food Systems Summit dialogues. To realize the ambitions of transitioning towards sustainable healthy diets for all, efforts must extend beyond projects/programs and engage national-level stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | stakeholder engagement; sustainability; diet; food systems; nutrition; network analysis; policies; Southern Asia; Eastern Africa; South-eastern Asia; Africa; Asia; Bangladesh; Ethiopia; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163759 |
| By: | Holt, Ileana; Mendoza Sánchez, Juan Fernando |
| Abstract: | El primer Manual centroamericano de mantenimiento de carreteras se adoptó en 2000 tras los devastadores efectos del huracán Mitch en los estados miembros del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Los países de la subregión acordaron que, para hacer frente a estas amenazas, debían tomar acciones y adoptar normas técnicas aplicables a las carreteras con el propósito de reducir la vulnerabilidad de sus redes viales. En el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de capacidades para la incorporación de la reducción de riesgos de desastres y la adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático en la inversión pública de los países miembros de COSEFIN/ SICA” (RIDASICC), en 2023 se actualizó el Manual integrando actividades y elementos de reducción del riesgo de desastres y adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático, con el fin de contribuir a mantener el nivel de servicio de las vialidades y extender su vida útil. El presente Manual fue aprobado por el COMITRAN mediante la Resolución 11 de su reunión de diciembre de 2023.El primer Manual centroamericano de mantenimiento de carreteras se adoptó en 2000 tras los devastadores efectos del huracán Mitch en los estados miembros del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Los países de la subregión acordaron que, para hacer frente a estas amenazas, debían tomar acciones y adoptar normas técnicas aplicables a las carreteras con el propósito de reducir la vulnerabilidad de sus redes viales. En el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de capacidades para la incorporación de la reducción de riesgos de desastres y la adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático en la inversión pública de los países miembros de COSEFIN/ SICA” (RIDASICC), en 2023 se actualizó el Manual integrando actividades y elementos de reducción del riesgo de desastres y adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático, con el fin de contribuir a mantener el nivel de servicio de las vialidades y extender su vida útil. El presente Manual fue aprobado por el COMITRAN mediante la Resolución 11 de su reunión de diciembre de 2023. |
| Date: | 2024–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81101 |
| By: | Adhikari, Shisham |
| Abstract: | Successfully transitioning to a low-carbon economy by 2050 necessitates not only technological advancements but also the swift reallocation of the workforce. Existing policies, such as the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), focus on firm subsidies while overlooking critical labor market coordination frictions. Workers face high entry costs and uncertainty about green job opportunities, while firms hesitate to invest without a reliable labor supply. This creates a coordination problem: workers are reluctant to enter the green sector without job guarantees, and firms delay expansion without sufficient workers. This paper extends the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides (DMP) model to incorporate these coordination frictions, calibrating it to U.S. labor market data. By evaluating subsidies targeted at firms, workers, and a combined strategy, the analysis shows that while individual subsidies can achieve the green employment target of 14% by 2030, a combined approach is far more efficient. It aligns incentives, reduces unemployment, and minimizes fiscal costs, highlighting the necessity of addressing coordination frictions to ensure a cost-effective and equitable green transition. |
| Keywords: | Green transition, Policy misalignment, Coordination friction, Unemployment, Fiscal efficiency, Search-match model |
| JEL: | E61 J2 J6 J64 |
| Date: | 2025–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123479 |
| By: | Dangel, Alexander; Goeschl, Timo |
| Abstract: | This paper studies temporal factors influencing the effectiveness of don't drive appeals (DDAs) which policy-makers use to encourage motorists to voluntarily reduce driving during transitory high pollution episodes. We derive and empirically validate a theoretical framework for DDAs where the desired behavioral response is sensitive to the number of consecutive DDA days and recovery time between episodes. Our analysis of daily traffic ows from automatic traffic counters in Stuttgart, Germany shows that DDAs at best reduce overall car trip demand during pollution events by less than 1% on average, but treatment effects vary. Difference-in-difference event study estimates reveal that DDAs: i) lead to approximately 3% traffic reductions on the first three days of DDAs and taper off in effectiveness during longer episodes, ii) regain effectiveness at the tail end of DDA episodes once local authorities announce when they will be lifted, and iii) only reduce city center traffic following lengthy recovery periods between events. Our findings provide evidence that temporal factors like social norms and intertemporal substitution dynamically affect voluntary short-term pollution mitigation programs. They also confirm prior North American evidence on DDA traffic displacement and limited overall impact in a European setting. |
| Keywords: | pollution mitigation; information-based regulation; voluntary policies; air quality alerts; policy timing; prosocial behavior; transportation choice |
| Date: | 2025–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0760 |
| By: | Dirk Czarnitzki; Robin Lepers; Maikel Pellens |
| Abstract: | The circular economy represents a systematic shift in production and consumption, aimed at extending the life cycle of products and materials while minimizing resource use and waste. Achieving the goals of the circular economy presents firms with the challenge of innovating new products, technologies, and business models, however. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence as an enabler of circular economy innovations. Through an empirical analysis of the German Community Innovation Survey, we show that firms investing in artificial intelligence are more likely to introduce circular economy innovations than those that do not. Additionally, the results indicate that the use of artificial intelligence enhances firms’ abilities to lower production externalities (for instance, reducing pollution) through these innovations. The findings of this paper underscore artificial intelligence’s potential to accelerate the transition to the circular economy. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Innovation, Artificial intelligence |
| Date: | 2025–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:msiper:758339 |
| By: | Sufian, Farha; Alvi, Muzna; Raja, Sehrish |
| Abstract: | Rural energy access remains a critical challenge in developing economies, with profound implications for agricultural productivity, household welfare, and gender dynamics. Pakistan's economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for 20 percent of its gross domestic product and employs 42 percent of workers. Most farmers are small landholders who struggle with limited energy access and unreliable irrigation. Rain-dependent farming leaves these farmers vulnerable to weather changes, hindering their ability to improve agricultural productivity and resilience through modern agricultural technology. Furthermore, in Pakistan limited access to energy within the household and reliance on traditional cooking methods not only constrain productivity but also directly affect dietary quality for families, especially in low-income and agrarian communities. Women, who traditionally manage household nutrition and often bear the burden of energy-intensive food preparation, are particularly vulnerable to these energy constraints. This policy note examines the rural energy portfolio in Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), in the Punjab province of Pakistan, and its association with household well-being outcomes. The energy portfolio in rural RYK is diverse, with households relying on a combination of traditional and modern sources of energy. This analysis aims to explore how on- and off-farm energy choices impact key aspects of household well-being, including women’s dietary diversity, agency in energy choices, and workload. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to promote sustainable energy solutions that enhance household welfare in rural Pakistan. |
| Keywords: | household surveys; energy consumption; rural areas; agriculture; women; dietary diversity; nutrition; energy sources; Pakistan; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168398 |
| By: | Ballatore, Rosario Maria (Bank of Italy); Palma, Alessandro (University of Rome Tor Vergata); Vuri, Daniela (University of Rome Tor Vergata) |
| Abstract: | Using Italian data on the universe of mandatory tests conducted in a low-stakes setting without air conditioning, we investigate the effect of temperature on student performance, with a focus on how manipulation distorts causal estimates of temperature effects on test scores. While high temperatures adversely affect students' performance, we find that score manipulation also increases with temperature within a specific range. Leveraging the random assignment of inspectors to schools as a natural experiment, we estimate the effect of temperature on test scores net of manipulation. We find that achievement declines at lower temperature thresholds when manipulation is accounted for, implying a larger number of affected students than previously estimated. Additionally, individual survey responses collected during the tests indicate that very high temperatures induce shifts in students' emotional states, affecting self-esteem and anxiety levels. |
| Keywords: | student performance, temperature, manipulation, cognitive ability, emotional stress |
| JEL: | J21 J24 Q54 O15 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17643 |
| By: | Mathieu Perona (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Laura Recuero Virto (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Maxime Sèbe (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Fabien Yao (CRG I3 - Centre de recherche en gestion I3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This policy brief highlights the insights subjective well-being metrics bring to the understanding of the relationship between consumption and happiness. We explore this topic in the advent of expected significant price increases under the double impact of higher climate volatility and the costly transition to cleaner production and transportation technologies, as is the case with maritime transport. People appear to be sensitive to price increases, on top of the real purchasing power of price and income changes regarding their happiness. Moreover, the type of consumption matters, with a lower marginal effect of material consumption on wellbeing compared to experiential consumption. Health, social relationships, and local environment are considered as main drivers of their wellbeing and de-emphasise consumption. A key outcome is that the gains of additional consumption decrease with the level of consumption, making consumption reductions less painful at the upper end of the revenue scale. Rich societies should be actively working on further decoupling material consumption and well-being by consciously exposing the elusive nature of the well-being boost we get from conspicuous consumption (goods others can readily observe: car, clothing, house, watches) and provide incentives for more socially and environmentally responsible modes of consumption. |
| Abstract: | Cette note politique met en lumière les perspectives que les mesures subjectives du bien-être apportent à la compréhension de la relation entre consommation et bonheur. Nous explorons ce sujet alors que l'on s'attend à des augmentations de prix significatives sous le double impact d'une plus grande volatilité du climat et d'une transition coûteuse vers des technologies de production et de transport plus propres, comme c'est le cas pour le transport maritime. Les consommateurs semblent être sensibles aux augmentations de prix, en plus du pouvoir d'achat réel et des fluctuations de revenus qui influencent leur bonheur. En outre, le type de consommation a son importance ; l'effet marginal de la consommation matérielle sur le bien-être étant plus faible que celui de la consommation expérientielle. La santé, les relations sociales et l'environnement local sont considérés comme les principaux moteurs de leur bien-être, au détriment de la consommation. Il en résulte que les gains d'une consommation supplémentaire diminuent avec le niveau de consommation, ce qui rend les réductions de consommation moins douloureuses à l'extrémité supérieure de l'échelle des revenus. Les sociétés riches devraient s'employer activement à découpler davantage la consommation matérielle et le bien-être en exposant consciemment la nature insaisissable de l'augmentation du bien-être que nous procure la consommation ostentatoire (biens que les autres peuvent facilement observer : voitures, vêtements, maisons, montres) et en offrant des incitations à des modes de consommation plus responsables d'un point de vue social et environnemental. |
| Keywords: | Policy Brief, Consommation, Technologie, Bien-être, Transport maritime, Bonheur, Impact climatique, Impact environnemental, Capitalisme, Santé humaine, Biodiversité marine |
| Date: | 2023–09–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851090 |
| By: | Garcia Silva, Pablo; Gutierrez Schweitzer, Maria de los Angeles; Medina Guzman, Juan Pablo |
| Abstract: | We examine the macroeconomic effects of the energy transition, focusing on the impact of oil prices on GDP, productivity and inflation. We find that energy dependence on fossil fuels increases vulnerability to oil price shocks, negatively affecting Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Using the Solow decomposition and including energy as part of the capital stock, we find two key effects: The Price and Scale Effect, in which higher energy prices increase production costs and reduce TFP; and The Recomposition Effect, in which greater use of domestic renewables boosts TFP by reducing reliance on non-renewable imports. Our findings for Chile between 2001 and 2019 the TFP adjustment for energy factors provides a complementary and enriched view of productivity, especially in periods or contexts with high volatility in energy consumption or prices. Finally, using a New-Keynesian DSGE model calibrated for Chile, we examine the macroeconomic consequences of the energy transition. A counterfactual scenario shows that, without diversification of the energy matrix, the economic impact of higher oil prices would have been more severe, with larger GDP declines, higher inflation, tighter monetary policy, and a steeper fall in TFP, highlighting the benefits of Chile's shift to a more renewable energy matrix. |
| Keywords: | DSGE Model, Aggregate Production Function, Monetary Policy, Environment and Growth, Energy Shocks |
| JEL: | C54 E23 E52 O44 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123225 |
| By: | Camelia Oprean-Stan |
| Abstract: | The goal of this study is to propose a new concept, Sustainable Economic Value, to define it logically, and to build a simplified model for its evaluation. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.06584 |
| By: | Christian Morabito,; Miguel Niño-Zarazúa |
| Abstract: | Persistent economic and social inequalities constrain the inclusive development of nations. The internationally agreed Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG10) and its targets, aim to address these constraints through the promotion of equalising policies. This paper tests the validity of the Inequality Marker and Distributional Impact Assessment (DIA) tools that have been developed to assess the contribution of development projects to inequality reduction using as case studies four AFD and European Commission funded projects in Benin, Djibouti-Ethiopia, Uganda, and Vietnam. The DIA analyses have been carried out in two cases: in Benin (ex-post) and Uganda (ex-ante). Overall, the study shows how the Inequality Marker and DIA methodology can provide relevant information on the potential contribution of development projects to inequality reduction. The study identifies critical issues for the implementation of the DIA analysis that reflect both organisational constraints in donor agencies internal procedures, and external contextual factors. The study also provides a set of policy recommendations to mitigate these threats. |
| Keywords: | Bénin, Djibouti, Éthiopie, Ouganda, Vietnam |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–01–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en17833 |
| By: | Ñancupil, Ignacio; Gil, Marina; Poveda Bonilla, Rafael |
| Abstract: | El cambio climático y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero son problemas mundiales, en que los sectores de la energía y el transporte son grandes contribuyentes. En la región, el transporte consume el 37% de la energía, principalmente de fuentes fósiles. Para reducir las emisiones, es necesario avanzar en el uso de fuentes de energía primaria renovables y modificar los patrones de consumo basados en combustibles fósiles, por ejemplo, mediante el uso de vehículos eléctricos en el transporte público y privado. Esto implica un aumento significativo de la demanda eléctrica y requiere una planificación adecuada de las redes eléctricas para evitar congestión y falta de capacidad de transmisión. En este estudio, en la provincia de San José (Costa Rica), se evaluaron los impactos y las necesidades de inversión para la electromovilidad, considerando tres escenarios de integración. Los resultados mostraron que se necesitará un aumento del 12, 7% en inversiones de generación y transmisión respecto de las inversiones estimadas previamente por el Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE) para cumplir las metas del Plan Nacional de Descarbonización del país a 2030. Además, se requerirán inversiones anuales del 0, 35% del PIB hasta 2030 para adquirir buses eléctricos y expandir la infraestructura para la electromovilidad. |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80955 |
| By: | Aaron J. Black (University of St. Gallen; Swiss Finance Institute); Julian F Kölbel (University of St. Gallen - School of Finance; MIT Sloan; Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper documents that ESG funds in the U.S. charge net expense ratios that are 9.5 to 12.7 basis points lower than those of non-ESG funds. This contrasts with the existing literature on investors' willingness to pay for ESG. The fee difference is driven by the use of waivers, which offset the higher gross expense ratios of ESG funds. We explore three explanations consistent with these findings: (1) heightened competition among ESG funds exerts downward pressure on fees, (2) ESG funds exhibit lower expected returns, and (3) fund families strategically use ESG funds with low fees to cross-sell higher-fee funds. |
| Keywords: | ESG, Mutual Funds, Competition |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp24109 |
| By: | Evans, Chester E.; Stout, Perry R.; Mech, Stephen J.; Hoon, R. C.; Nijhawan, S. D.; Sridharan, C. S. |
| Abstract: | The Government of India has stressed the need for developing a more intensive agriculture and through increased yields, meet the demand for greater food production. Proper use of India's soil and water resources is an essential element in this effort. Education, research, extension and implementation are all necessary to its success. This report deals with the research needed to support the overall effort. It presents the findings of a team of experts who conducted a study early in 1967 and developed recommendations for increasing the effectiveness of the present research program and listing the additional research projects required to provide needed technological information in soil and water management. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:349229 |
| By: | Pica-Téllez, Andrés; Cid, Francisca; Ferrer, Jimy; Valdés, Orietta; Peralta, Carlos; Contreras, Rodrigo; Henríquez, Rodrigo |
| Abstract: | En este documento se presenta la estimación de la actualización del precio social del carbono para Chile, como resultado de la asistencia técnica prestada por la División de Desarrollo Sostenible y Asentamientos Humanos de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) a la División de Evaluación Social de Inversiones del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia. Se incluye un examen de los compromisos que el país planteó en sus contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional (CDN) y en la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Chile a 2050. Se presentan alternativas metodológicas para calcular el precio social del carbono, así como los requerimientos de información para aplicarlas. Considerando la disponibilidad de información en Chile, es posible aplicar las tres metodologías consideradas. Según los resultados obtenidos con la metodología de costo de mitigación, para alcanzar un objetivo de política pública se recomienda utilizar los siguientes valores del precio social del carbono: 63, 4 dólares por tonelada de dióxido de carbono equivalente (tCO2e) en 2024, 71, 1 dólares por tCO2e en 2025 y 109, 7 dólares por tCO2e en 2030. Se presentan los resultados de cada uno de los métodos y se hacen análisis de sensibilidad para distintas tasas sociales de descuento. |
| Date: | 2024–11–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80999 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Este documento presenta un panorama de la situación urbana de América Latina y el Caribe en múltiples dimensiones relevantes para los encargados de formular políticas públicas, académicos e investigadores, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y dirigentes sociales. Entre los temas tratados se incluyen el acceso a la vivienda, la expansión de los servicios básicos, la movilidad urbana y la situación ambiental de las ciudades. El diagnóstico resalta tanto los avances como los retos que enfrenta la región en su proceso de urbanización. A problemas comunes, como el acceso a vivienda adecuada, la cobertura deficiente de los servicios básicos y la falta de oportunidades económicas, se suman nuevos retos, como los cambios en la estructura de los hogares, el envejecimiento de la población y los riesgos e impactos asociados al cambio climático. Este escenario exige repensar la planificación urbana y el diseño de nuestras ciudades, con mayor integración entre las políticas de vivienda, movilidad, desarrollo productivo y planeación, entre otras. La información presentada en este informe provee insumos clave para orientar las políticas públicas hacia la construcción de ciudades más inclusivas, seguras, resilientes y sostenibles. |
| Date: | 2024–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81045 |
| By: | Tommaso Pardi (IDHES - Institutions et Dynamiques Historiques de l'Économie et de la Société - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, MSH Paris-Saclay - Maison des Sciences de l'Homme - Paris Saclay - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay); Marc Alochet (X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Bernard Jullien (UB - Université de Bordeaux); Samuel Klebaner (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) |
| Abstract: | From executive summary (page 6): Why do we need a small, affordable, sustainable electric vehicle (ASEV)? Why do we not have an ASEV in Europe? What can we learn from countries (Japan, China) where such AS(E)V exist? How can we promote a European made ASEV ? 1) Create a sub-M1 category (M1 ASEV) and create a new-M0 category (M0 ASEV) 2) Adjust the CO2 regulation for ASEV and more efficient decarbonisation 3) Introduction of a dedicated financial framework to support production take-off 4) Introduction of a European Eco score for cars: 5) Promotion of a European ASEV toolkit for Member States, regions and cities What would be the impact of ASEV on decarbonisation, just transition and European industry competitiveness? |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04878220 |
| By: | Follmann, Alexander; Dannenberg, Peter; Baur, Nina; Braun, Boris; Walther, Grit; Bernzen, Amelie; Boerner, Jan; Bruentrup, Michael; Franz, Martin; Goetz, Linde; Hornidge, Anna-Katharina; Hulke, Carolin; Jaghdani, Tinoush Jamali; Krishnan, Aarti; Kulke, Elmar; Labucay, Inez; Nduru, Gilbert Mbaka; Neise, Thomas; Priyadarshini, Priya; Diez, Javier Revilla; Ruett, Johanna; Scheller, Christian; Spengler, Thomas; Sulle, Emmanuel |
| Abstract: | Global and regional agri-food value chains feed societies and are an income source for hundreds of millions of farmers around the world. They are also target areas for action to achieve a global sustainability transformation. Agri-food chains are highly vulnerable in the context of multiple crises, including the global environmental crisis, geopolitical fragmentation, armed conflicts and wars, and the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Measures to increase chain resilience are widely discussed; however, some such measures contradict sustainability measures. While there has been considerable research on the sustainability and resilience of agri-food chains, few studies have integrated both perspectives or outlined potential synergies and trade-offs. Therefore, this interdisciplinary literature review sketches possible contours for a synthesized research agenda on sustainability and resilience for agri-food chains during multiple crises. We argue that such an agenda should include, amongst others, • a more differentiated and critical perspective on the importance of value chain characteristics and developments (e.g., power structures, capabilities, up- and downgrading, and the borders of chain internalities and externalities) • a more comprehensive perspective that includes global and regional contexts and relations (e.g., whole-chain perspectives that integrate agro-input supply) • an actor-oriented approach that interrogates aspects of inequality, cost-sharing, and the potential benefits of sustainability and resilience for different actors along a value chain (i.e., sustainability and resilience for whom?) |
| Keywords: | agriculture; global production networks; global value chains; resilience; supply chains; sustainability |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–12–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126949 |
| By: | Salaudeen, Kamaldeen Oladimeji; Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | This study compared the postharvest storage potentials of a solar-powered cool room and an off-grid metal-in-wall evaporative coolant. Temperature drop and relative humidity (RH) increase were used to assess the performance of cooling systems. The metal-in-wall evaporative coolant's cooling efficiency was measured. Tomato (UTC variety), Orange (Dan Benue variety) and Carrot (Orange Chantenay) were procured from the international fruits market in Duste, Jigawa State, Nigeria. The products were sorted and stored in three different storage conditions: room temperature (RT), solar powered cool room (SCR), and wall-in-wall evaporative coolant. Mass loss, color, firmness, total soluble solids and titratable acids, carotenoids, vitamin C, marketability percentage, and rate of nutrient degradation were among the quality characteristics assessed. The temperature was lowered to 17.24 °C by the metal-in-wall evaporative coolant, which was far lower than the room temperature (29.19 °C). Evaporative coolant's relative humidity rose from 69.84 to 83.91% while its average cooling efficiency was 60.79%. The average temperature and relative humidity of the solar-powered cool room were 10.45 °C and 86%, respectively. Fruit quality was significantly (p |
| Keywords: | capacity development; cooling; crop storage; nutrients; storage temperature; Nigeria; Africa; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163570 |
| By: | Ibadoghlu, Gubad |
| Abstract: | Azerbaijan, heavily dependent on oil and gas exports, faces significant economic challenges due to fluctuations in global energy markets, declining oil revenues, rising imports, and increasing fiscal instability. This paper examines the potential impact of the Trump administration’s energy policies on global oil prices and their broader implications for Azerbaijan’s economy. While deregulation and expanded fossil fuel production in the U.S. could drive oil prices down, geopolitical uncertainties surrounding Russia, Iran, and Venezuela may offset these effects. Additionally, U.S. alignment with Saudi Arabia and OPEC+ members, combined with capital discipline in the energy sector, may constrain the anticipated increase in production. Given these dynamics, Azerbaijan must urgently implement policy reforms and economic diversification strategies to mitigate potential risks and ensure long-term financial stability. |
| Keywords: | Trump Energy Policy, Oil Prices, Azerbaijan Economy, National Energy Emergency Act, U.S. Oil Production, Global Energy Market, Fossil Fuels, Geopolitical Risks, Oil and Gas Revenues, Economic Diversification |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:309950 |
| By: | Antoine Leblois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sébastien Desbureaux (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Julia Girard (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Visant à faire cohabiter activité économique locale et biodiversité, les aires marines protégées à usages multiples restent peu étudiées. En Tanzanie, des travaux montrent que le niveau de vie des habitants des villages situés à proximité ou au sein des AMP a doublé par rapport à ceux plus éloignés. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04887044 |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | This study investigates whether banking sector support for the realization of the SDGs affects bank LLPs. Using country-level data for 28 countries from 2011 to 2018 and using the panel fixed effect regression estimation method, it was found that banking sector support for achieving SDG7 and SDG10 leads to a significant decrease in bank loan loss provisions. Banks that support the realization of SDG6, and operate in countries that have strong institutions, experience a significant decrease in LLPs while banks that support the realization of SDG7, and operate in countries that have strong institutions, experience a significant increase in LLPs. The regional results are mixed. In the Asian region, banking sector support for achieving SDG13 decreases bank LLPs while banking sector support for achieving SDG8 and SDG10 increases bank LLPs. In the European region, banking sector support for achieving SDG3 decreases bank LLPs while banking sector support for achieving SDG4 and SDG6 increase bank LLPs. In the African region, banking sector support for achieving SDG6 increases bank LLPs. |
| Keywords: | bank performance, sustainable development, sustainable development goals, loan loss provisions, institutional quality, economic growth, credit risk. |
| JEL: | G2 Q01 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123288 |
| By: | Lyons-White, Joss (University of Cambridge); Spencer, Matthew; Arif, Joko; Balmford, Andrew; Barlow, Jos; Brandão, Joyce; Börner, Jan; Camara, Gilberto (INPE - Brazilian National Institute for Space Research); Chandra, Adelina (ETH Zurich); Cleary, David |
| Abstract: | What factors have been most important for protecting the two-thirds of tropical forests that remain standing? Qualitative factors like politics and governance are challenging to assess using existing statistical methods. To address this gap, we conducted a Delphi study with 36 experts to identify factors that contributed to forest protection in the Brazilian Amazon and Indonesia. Our results unpacked the complex dynamics affecting forest protection in both regions and highlighted the importance of political will, advocacy by civil society, and intergovernmental diplomacy, as well as shifts in factors' importance over time. Our analysis in Brazil emphasised the central importance of the state, while our findings in Indonesia revealed a complex and evolving mix of public, private and civil society factors. These results shed new light on the critical intersections of international advocacy and local policy contexts to generate enabling conditions for conservation. |
| Date: | 2025–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bpgsm |
| By: | Shinohara, Hajime |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effectiveness of an "opportunity-based approach" as a new solution to the challenges faced by non-profit organizations, particularly national governing bodies of minor sports, such as financial constraints and human resource shortages. Using the Japan Korfball Association (JKA), which governs korfball (a sport similar to mixed-gender basketball), as a case study, we analyzed the effects of implementing an organizational management model centered on "opportunities" such as "national team selection slots" and "tournament participation slots" rather than traditional monetary incentives. Through specific measures including a contribution map and evaluation system utilizing website integration, and a framework system that integrates competition and operations, organizational revitalization and development were achieved. As a result, improvements were seen in website content, increased number of tournaments, participation of diverse human resources, and enhanced external relationships. This study presents a sustainable development model for national governing bodies of minor sports while suggesting new possibilities for value creation in sports organization management. Furthermore, this approach has high potential for application to other fields facing similar challenges, such as non-profit organizations and startups, and is expected to have broad social impact as a new organizational management framework that does not overly rely on monetary value. |
| Date: | 2025–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7fdb4 |
| By: | Langeraert, Ward; Barhdadi, Wissam; Brosens, Dimitri; Cortès, Rocìo; Desmet, Peter (Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)); Di Musciano, Michele; Earl, Chandra; Govaert, Sanne; Huybrechts, Pieter; Martini, Matilde |
| Abstract: | The gcube R package, developed during the B-Cubed hackathon (Hacking Biodiversity Data Cubes for Policy), provides a flexible framework for generating biodiversity data cubes using minimal input. The package assumes three consecutive steps (1) the occurrence process, (2) the detection process, and (3) the grid designation process, accompanied by three main functions respectively: simulate_occurrences(), sample_observations(), and grid_designation(). It allows for customisable spatial and temporal patterns, detection probabilities, and sampling biases. During the hackathon, collaboration was highly efficient due to thorough preparation, task division, and the use of a scrum board. Fourteen participants contributed 209 commits, resulting in a functional package with a pkgdown website, 67 % code coverage, and successful CMD checks. However, certain limitations were identified, such as the lack of spatiotemporal autocorrelation in the occurrence simulations, which affects the model’s realism. Future development will focus on improving spatiotemporal dynamics, adding comprehensive documentation and testing, and expanding functionality to support multi-species simulations. The package also aims to incorporate a virtual species workflow, linking the virtualspecies package to the gcube processes. Despite these challenges, gcube strikes a balance between usability and complexity, offering researchers a valuable tool for simulating biodiversity data cubes to assess research questions under different parameter settings, such as the effect of spatial clustering on the occurrence-to-grid designation and the effect of different patterns of missingness on data quality and robustness of derived biodiversity indicators. |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:biohac:vcyr7_v1 |
| By: | Takuya Washio; Sota Takagi; Miki Saijo; Ken Wako; Keitaro Sato; Hiroyuki Ito; Ken-ichi Takeda; Takumi Ohashi |
| Abstract: | As global attention on sustainable and ethical food systems grows, animal welfare-friendly products (AWFP) are increasingly recognized as essential to addressing consumer and producer concerns. However, traditional research often neglects the interdependencies between production, retail, and consumption stages within the supply chain. This study examined how cross-stage interactions among producers, consumers, and retail intermediaries can promote AWFP adoption. By establishing a short value chain from production to consumption, we conducted a two-month choice experiment in the operational restaurant, employing a mixed-method approach to quantitatively and qualitatively assess stakeholder responses. The results revealed that providing information about AWFP practices significantly influenced consumer behavior, increasing both product selection and perceived value. Retailers recognized the potential for economic benefits and strengthened customer loyalty, while producers identified new revenue opportunities by re-fattening delivered cow. These coordinated changes - defined as synchronized actions and mutual reinforcement across production, retail, and consumption - generated positive feedback loops that motivated stakeholders to adopt AWFP practices. This research underscores the potential of strategically designed short value chain to foster cross-stage coordination and highlights their role as practical entry points for promoting sustainable and ethical food systems on a larger scale. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.10680 |
| By: | Hubert Stahn (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the possibility for a regulator to reduce policy costs by substituting a voluntary policy based on a legislative threat to an active harvest control. Specifically, we focus on fisheries where the regulator aims to maintain an optimal level of conservation through a voluntary agreement. To achieve this, we identify a mandatory regulation that can serve as a threat to ensure voluntary compliance and avoid regulation costs. However, threats differ from effective policies. To be enforceable, they must be validated through a legislative process, the outcome of which is uncertain and subject to objections. Consequently, we introduce of a random delay in its application and address issues of social acceptability. This threat rests upon two pillars: a moratorium with financial compensation followed by an Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) mechanism, and a suitably chosen tax on harvesting capacity to deter deviations. We use data from the scallop fishery in the Bay of Saint-Brieuc (France) to illustrate this voluntary mechanism. |
| Keywords: | Q22, Q28 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2501 |
| By: | Adrien Fabre (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2024–09–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04866011 |
| By: | Christine Lambey-Checchin (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020]) |
| Abstract: | Le papier propose une rétrospective des recherches présentées aux neuf éditions précédentes du colloque prix & valeur à l'aune de l'étude du lien prix-valeur. Sur la base de la littérature sur la valeur (Blut et al., 2023), un cadre d'analyse est proposé pour mieux comprendre la place et les mécanismes associés à la variable prix et des sacrifices dans les modèles de la valeur. La structuration des travaux selon les approches transactionnelles et relationnelles des stratégies marketing permet d'enrichir l'analyse du rôle de ces notions au sein du processus de décision. Enfin, le contexte du développement durable qui s'impose aux organisations se traduit dans les recherches sur le prix et la valeur et offre des perspectives de recherche. |
| Keywords: | value, sustainability, behavioral responses, conceptual framework, Prix valeur durabilité réponses comportementales cadre conceptuel price value sustainability behavioral responses conceptual framework, Prix, valeur, durabilité, réponses comportementales, cadre conceptuel |
| Date: | 2024–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04873410 |
| By: | Harald Mayr; Mateus Souza |
| Abstract: | Without heat metering, households face strong free-riding incentives. Using data from Swiss households, we find that the staggered introduction of submetering reduced heating expenses by 17%, on average. Machine learning techniques reveal highly heterogeneous effects, consistent with coordination failure in larger buildings and strategic exit of free-riders. We find that households are price elastic even when they share a common heating bill. Our results suggest that most households do not exploit the free-riding incentive, especially in smaller buildings. “Schmeduling, ” inattention to the billing regime, and pro-social behavior can explain the low prevalence of free-riding. Nevertheless, submetering is welfare-improving for most buildings. |
| Keywords: | Free-riding, submetering, individual billing, heating energy, tragedy of the commons, welfare |
| JEL: | D61 Q41 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_629 |
| By: | Alvi, Muzna; Sufian, Farha; Singh, Tushar |
| Abstract: | Rural energy access remains a critical challenge in developing economies, with profound implications for agricultural productivity, household welfare, and gender dynamics. Nepal's diverse geographical landscape—spanning the plains of Terai to the challenging Mid-hills and mountain regions—presents a unique context for understanding energy poverty and its multifaceted impacts. This study examines the intricate relationships between energy infrastructure, household economic status, and social outcomes in rural Nepalese communities. By investigating electricity access, cooking fuel technologies, and agricultural mechanization, we reveal how energy transitions are not merely technical interventions but complex social processes that reshape household labor, economic opportunities, and gender relations. Our research highlights the significant disparities in energy access between different geographical regions and wealth quintiles. Beyond infrastructure, we explore how energy technologies interact with dietary diversity, women's empowerment, and agricultural productivity. The findings underscore the need for nuanced, context-specific energy policies that consider local socioeconomic and geographical variations. |
| Keywords: | agricultural productivity; energy consumption; energy sources; household surveys; dietary diversity; women; agricultural mechanization; Nepal; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168399 |
| By: | Enerstvedt, Vegard (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Weather is an ever-present factor influencing shipping operations at every stage, including port operations. This paper examines the determi nants of weather-induced delays in port operations, the probability and duration of such delays, the predictive capability of various statistical models, and the potential for improving upon standard industry methods for estimating port margins. A wide range of models are investigated, including Generalized Linear (GLM) models, Cox Propotional Hazard models, and Autoregressive Conditional Duration (ACD) models. The findings reveal that a GLM with gamma distributed dependent variables provides the best fit for data on delay duration, while a linear multiple regression offers the highest predictive accuracy for delay duration. Similarly, probit and logit models are found to perform comparably well for both predicting delay probabilities and data fit. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that there are significant potential cost savings when using a linear regression model with a probit model to predict delays compared to a common industry rule-of-thumb of half a day delay. These results underscore the potential for improving operational efficiency and accuracy in port margin estimation through statistical modeling techniques. |
| Keywords: | Weather; Shipping; Risk; Delay; Ports; ACD; GLM |
| JEL: | C40 C41 C53 R40 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–02–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2025_004 |
| By: | Gaëlle BALINEAU; Christophe Barat; Sylvain Bellefontaine; Hélène EHRHART; Vincent Joguet; Benoît Jonveaux; Laura MARIE; Amaury Mulliez; Maxime TERRIEUX; Alix Vigato; Thibault Vasse, |
| Abstract: | À l’aube de 2025, la légitimité de l’ordre mondial hérité de la chute du rideau de fer se heurte plus que jamais à la « Superpuissance ambivalente » des États-Unis telle qu’H. Kissinger la décrivait déjà dans son livre, mais aussi à des accusations de « doubles standards » entre nord et sud, tant dans l’application des droits humains et des libertés que dans la prise en compte des émissions de CO2. Quant à la répartition des puissances, sur la même période écoulée entre 1990 et 2023, le poids des États-Unis dans le PIB mondial a stagné – régressant même légèrement de 27% à 26% – quand celui de la Chine a été multiplié par 10 environ, passant de 1, 7% à 16, 9%. Si l’on ajoute l’évolution du poids des puissances intermédiaires telles que les BRICS, on comprend combien l’équation géopolitique a profondément évolué, sans peut-être que l’on réalise combien cela aurait d’impacts sur la « géo-économie ».Cette nouvelle donne pose plusieurs interrogations pour qui s’intéresse aux économies émergentes et en développement : comment intégrer les facteurs géopolitiques dans les modèles économiques ? Quels mécanismes de résilience pour amortir les chocs géopolitiques ? Et surtout, comment encourager des dialogues bilatéraux ou multilatéraux capables d’atténuer les risques de fragmentation ?Une fois de plus, ce Macrodev semestriel ne prétend pas répondre à toutes ces questions, mais il essaye d’apporter un éclairage, pour que l’incertitude dans laquelle nous vivons ne nous prive pas de réfléchir à des avenirs plus apaisés. |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2025–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr17850 |
| By: | Georges Daw (Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté Jean Monnet Droit, Économie, Management, , LED - Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis) |
| Abstract: | In demand since time immemorial, increasingly used as intermediate consumption and at the heart of energy and digital transitions, mineral substances are vital to the functioning of economies. While all are important, not all are strategic, and even less so, critical (as lithium). The European Union depends on them. Since 2010, the European Commission has produced statistics evaluating a broad and extensible set of criticality sub-indicators integrated in a two-dimensional matrix (Supply Risk, SR, and Economic Importance, EI) and a list of critical substances based on a combination of SR and EI, updated every 3 years. This article takes a closer look at one of these dimensions, namely the EI one. Our proposed dimension, "Economic effect, EE", integrates cost of using raw materials. Articulated in coherence with EI and assessed over the most recent period, it is compared with EI for lithium. EE suggests a systematically higher criticality than EI. Lithium stands out as 4% more critical. The dynamics of its criticality, on the other hand, is non-monotonic, enriching that of EI. The article also numerically illustrates the prospective use of SR, EI and EE. In addition, an up-to-date overview of lithium (markets, uses, production costs, supply, demand, prices, stocks and trade) has been provided, both for the EU and worldwide. |
| Abstract: | Sollicitées depuis la nuit des temps, de plus en plus utilisées comme consommations intermédiaires et au cœur des transitions énergétique et numérique, les substances minérales sont vitales pour le fonctionnement des économies. Si toutes sont importantes, toutes ne sont pas stratégiques, et encore moins critiques (comme le lithium). L'Union européenne en dépend. Depuis 2010, la Commission européenne produit des statistiques évaluant un ensemble large et extensible de sous-indicateurs de criticité intégrés dans une matrice bidimensionnelle (risque d'approvisionnement, RS, et importance économique, IE) et une liste de substances critiques basée sur une combinaison de RS et d'IE, mise à jour tous les 3 ans. Cet article examine de plus près l'une de ces dimensions, à savoir celle de l'IE. La dimension que nous proposons, « Effet économique, EE », intègre le coût d'utilisation des matières premières. Articulée en cohérence avec l'IE et évaluée sur la période la plus récente, elle est comparée à l'IE pour le lithium. L'EE suggère une criticité systématiquement plus élevée que l'IE. Le lithium se distingue par une criticité supérieure de 4 %. La dynamique de sa criticité, en revanche, est non-monotone, enrichissant celle de l'IE. L'article illustre également numériquement l'utilisation prospective de SR, EI et EE. En outre, un aperçu actualisé du lithium (marchés, utilisations, coûts de production, offre, demande, prix, stocks et commerce) a été fourni, tant pour l'UE que pour le monde. |
| Keywords: | JEL classification: A10 A12 F52 F60 N54 Q31 Q32 Raw materials criticality Lithium European Commission's criticality assessments Supply risk Economic importance Economic effect |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04872358 |
| By: | Hardman, Scott; Chakraborty, Amrita; Hoogland, Kelly; Sugihara, Claire; Helveston, John Paul; Jensen, Anders Fjendbo; Jenn, Alan; Jochem, Patrick; Plötz, Patrick; Sprei, Frances; Williams, Brett; Axsen, Jonn; Figenbaum, Erik; Pontes, Jose; Tal, Gil; Refa, Nazir |
| Abstract: | Most net-zero emissions targets require electrification of the entire light-duty vehicle fleet, and before that the electrification of all new vehicle sales. In this paper, we review literature on demand-side issues related to achieving 100% zero-emissions vehicle sales, focusing on plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). We discuss potential demand-side challenges to increasing PEV sales and related research gaps, including consumer factors (perceptions, knowledge, and consumer characterises), demand-focused policy (incentives), infrastructure, and energy prices. While global PEV sales have substantially increased in recent years, several challenges remain: some demographic groups are currently underrepresented among PEV buyers (e.g. renters, lower income buyers), some car drivers are resistant to PEVs, incentives are influential but have predominantly benefited higher-income new-car buyers and are being phased out, infrastructure is not sufficiently developed or equally distributed, infrastructure is not user friendly, and some households lack charging access. Some issues we identify may be related to the early stage of the PEV market, though will need to be addressed to reach higher PEV sales and PEV fleet shares. Finally, we outline areas where more research is needed to understand and guide the PEV transition. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–01–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0xr0c0sq |