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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Heckenhahn, Jonas |
| Abstract: | As climate change intensifies, societies face more frequent and severe heatwaves, while cold episodes also continue to occur. This study investigates how heat and cold anomalies and extremes influence EU citizens' support for national climate adaptation policies-both relative to mitigation measures and in absolute terms. To address these questions, this study links large-scale cross-sectional preference data from the 2024 European Investment Bank Climate Survey with high-resolution ERA5 climate data. The analyses reveal that experiencing extreme heat and positive temperature anomalies significantly increases adaptation support, especially in relative terms, aligning with the construal matching premise rooted in the psychological distance framework. In contrast, cold exposure reduces absolute adaptation support and increases people's relative mitigation focus. Overall, these findings underscore the role of temperature experiences in shaping climate policy preferences and, as extreme weather worsens globally, highlight the need for targeted climate communication that balances immediate adaptation needs with essential long-term mitigation targets. |
| Abstract: | Mit der Zunahme des Klimawandels sehen sich Gesellschaften immer häufigeren und intensiveren Hitzewellen ausgesetzt, während auch Kälteperioden weiterhin auftreten. Diese Studie untersucht, wie Temperaturanomalien sowie extreme Hitze- und Kälteereignisse die Unterstützung von EU-Bürgerinnen und -Bürgern für nationale Klimaanpassungspolitiken beeinflussen - sowohl im Vergleich zu Maßnahmen zur Emissionsminderung als auch in absoluter Hinsicht. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen verknüpft die Studie umfangreiche Querschnittsdaten aus der Klimaumfrage 2024 der Europäischen Investitionsbank mit hochaufgelösten ERA5-Klimadaten. Die Analysen zeigen, dass das Erleben extremer Hitze und positiver Temperaturabweichungen die Unterstützung für Anpassungsmaßnahmen signifikant erhöht, insbesondere relativ zur Emissionsminderung, was mit dem "Construal-Matching"-Ansatz, der auf der Theorie der psychologischen Distanz basiert, übereinstimmt. Im Gegensatz dazu verringern Kälteerfahrungen die absolute Unterstützung für Anpassung und erhöhen den relativen Fokus auf Emissionsminderung. Insgesamt unterstreichen diese Ergebnisse die Bedeutung von Temperaturerfahrungen bei der Ausprägung klimapolitischer Präferenzen und - angesichts der zunehmenden Extremwetterereignisse weltweit - die Notwendigkeit gezielter Klimakommunikation, die kurzfristige Anpassungserfordernisse mit langfristigen Minderungszielen in Einklang bringt. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, heatwaves, cold extremes, climate adaptation, climate change mitigation, climate policy preferences |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 D72 D91 R11 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:319074 |
| By: | Mateusz Jankiewicz |
| Abstract: | The paper aims to show the analysis of dependencies between the three pillars of Sustainable Development (SD) across the European Union in terms of economy transformation. The provision of simultaneous development in environmental, social and economic dimensions is the crucial task for economies nowadays. Particularly, the highly pointed out negative relation between ecological and environmental development should be neutralised. The study is based on data characterising the European Union countries from 2015 to 2022. Firstly, the level of sustainability achievement in each individual dimension is assessed. For environmental and social sustainability the composite indicator measures are defined and calculated. Economic sustainability is assessed with the Gross Domestic Product per capita level. To detect the occurring connections between SD pillars, the spatial Vector Autoregressive (spVAR) model is estimated and verified. The spatial dependence is included in the system due to the occurrence of spatial autocorrelation in sustainability achievement across the EU. Moreover, to investigate potential effects of the economy modifications in the sustainability achievement, the variables characterising the servitisation and industrialisation levels are additionally employed. The main results show that there is still a negative link between environmental and economic development. Moreover, the supporting role of the progressing servitisation process in sustainability achievement in the environmental and economic dimensions is concluded. |
| Keywords: | economic transformation, spatial dependence, sustainable development, Vector Autoregressive model |
| JEL: | C51 O14 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2025/323 |
| By: | Fatih Kansoy; Dominykas Stasiulaitis |
| Abstract: | The rapid growth of sustainable investing, now exceeding 35 trillion USD globally, has transformed financial markets, yet the implications for monetary policy transmission remain underexplored. While existing literature documents heterogeneous firm responses to monetary policy through traditional channels such as size and leverage, it remains unknown whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) characteristics create distinct transmission mechanisms. Using high-frequency identification around 160 Federal Reserve announcements from 2005 to 2025, we uncover an asymmetric pattern: high-ESG firms gain 1.6 basis points of protection from contractionary target surprises, yet suffer 2.6 basis points greater sensitivity to forward guidance shocks. This asymmetry persists within industries and intensifies with investor climate awareness. Remarkably, the Paris Agreement inverted these relationships: before December 2015, high-ESG firms were more vulnerable to contractionary policy within industries; afterward, they gained protection, representing a 186 basis point reversal. We develop a two-period model featuring heterogeneous investors with sustainability preferences that quantitatively matches these patterns. The model reveals how ESG investors' non-pecuniary utility creates differential demand elasticities, simultaneously protecting green firms from immediate rate changes while amplifying forward guidance vulnerability through their longer investment horizons. These findings establish environmental characteristics as a new dimension of monetary policy non-neutrality, with important implications as sustainable finance continues expanding. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.02143 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Davis, Kristin E.; Dao, The Anh; Vu, Dang Toan; Naziri, Diego |
| Abstract: | Key takeaways True cost accounting allows for the measurement of hidden impacts of food production on the environment, human health, and society. • Our findings show that at the national level for all crop sectors: o Environmental externalities account for 73% and social for 27% of external cost structure. o Major environmental impact sources are land occupation, air pollution, and climate change. o Major social impact sources are underpayment of farm workers and the incidence of child labor. • In NATURE+ sites in Sa Pa and Mai Son districts for the crop sector: o External costs represent about 24% of all household crop production costs. o Environmental externalities (61%) are greater than social (39%). o Land occupation is the most important external impact source, followed by soil degradation and climate change. o Under earning (underpayment of workers and/or low famer profits) are significant social costs, followed by the gender wage gap and the incidence of child labor. |
| Keywords: | true cost accounting; food production; sustainability; crops; Vietnam; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163385 |
| By: | Geoffrey, Baragu; Azzarri, Carlo; Boukaka, Sedi Anne; de Falcis, Eleonora; Ferguson, Nathaniel |
| Abstract: | The pressing need to achieve sustainable agriculture and mitigate climate change has led to a growing recognition of the importance of nature-based solutions (NBS). Defined as interventions that leverage the protective, restorative, and regulatory functions of ecosystems (Cohen-Shacham et al., 2016), NBS offers a holistic approach to addressing a range of environmental and societal challenges. This framework positions humans as active stewards of ecosystems rather than passive beneficiaries. Industrial agriculture, in prioritizing mass-scale food production, has exacted a heavy toll on both the environment and human well-being. Miralles-Wilhelm and Iseman (2021) report that 52 percent of global agricultural lands suffer from moderate to severe degradation due to unsustainable practices, contributing to 25 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, industrial agriculture drives 80 percent of deforestation, threatens 86 percent of the 28, 000 species currently at risk of extinction (through habitat conversion and pollution), and accelerates soil and water degradation. The use of chemical inputs, monocropping, and poor waste management further compromise nutrition, reduce crop resilience, and depress farming incomes. These challenges highlight the urgent need to transition toward resilient, nature positive agricultural systems capable of sustaining smallholder farmers and ensuring that agriculture becomes a net contributor to environmental restoration. In response, the One CGIAR initiative, "Nature-positive solutions for shifting agri-food systems to more resilient and sustainable pathways" (NATURE+), seeks to enhance the adoption of nature-positive solutions (NPS) to promote sustainable agricultural productivity. NATURE+ addresses key systemic barriers in three areas: (1) land degradation and resource depletion, (2) limited evidence and knowledge gaps within the agricultural research for development (AR4D) community, and (3) the lack of viable business models to drive public-private partnerships in sustainable agriculture. While the harmful impacts of industrial agriculture are well documented, the AR4D community lacks robust evidence and tailored tools to support NPS planning. The 2021 UN Food Systems Summit and the COVID-19 pandemic have further underscored the need for systemic transformation. The 2020 World Economic Forum report, "The Future of Nature and Business, " estimates that NPS could create 395 million jobs by 2030, but achieving this potential requires substantial investment in evidence-based innovation and decision-support tools for biodiversity enhancement, soil management, waste management, and water conservation. |
| Keywords: | sustainable agriculture; climate change; ecosystems; intensive farming; India; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:173295 |
| By: | Florian Fizaine (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Guillaume Le Borgne (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the causal link between individuals' objectively assessed knowledge of climate change and their personal carbon footprints. Using a novel survey of 780 participants, we comprehensively measure perceived and actual climate knowledge, as well as individual beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. We find that individuals tend to overestimate their climate knowledge, with those possessing lower actual knowledge exhibiting the highest overestimation. While simple correlations indicate a weak negative relationship between objective knowledge and carbon footprint, our instrumental variable approach reveals a substantially stronger causal effect: individuals with greater objectively assessed climate knowledge tend to exhibit significantly lower carbon footprints. This effect varies across footprint subcomponents, showing strong proportional reductions in transport-related emissions, moderate reductions in food-related emissions, and no discernible effect in housing, miscellaneous and digital consumption. Our results highlight the importance of addressing knowledge gaps as a pathway to enhancing climate action at the individual level. By using a refined knowledge scale and accounting for confounding variables, we provide robust evidence that increasing factual climate knowledge can meaningfully contribute to lowering carbon footprints -by up to 1 ton of CO 2 -equivalent per year. These findings call for targeted educational interventions that go beyond raising awareness to actively improving public understanding of effective mitigation strategies. |
| Keywords: | Climate knowledge, Literacy, Causal inference, Instrumental variables, Pro-environmental behavior |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05079084 |
| By: | Crawford, Ben; Whyte, David |
| Abstract: | Considering that the transition to a low-carbon economy will not be secured by mutual agreement but requires coordinated industrial organizing, this article builds upon eco-socialist critiques to identify the concrete dimensions of the underlying solidarity between workers and the rest of nature as reflected in workers’ struggles. Specifically, we argue that industrial organization in opposition to labour precarity and work intensification is fundamental to both achieving sustainable work and mitigating environmental harms to workers’ bodies. This argument presents a basis for a common response to the transition to a low-carbon economy across the labour movement and for cross-sectoral climate demands in bargaining. |
| Keywords: | climate change; just transition; trade unions; climate organizing; climate bargaining; collective bargaining |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128229 |
| By: | Inés Berniell (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Mariana Marchionni (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & CONICET); Julián Pedrazzi (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & CONICET); Mariana Viollaz (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores how female political leaders impact environmental outcomes and climate change policy actions using data from mixed-gender mayoral races in Brazil. Using a Regression Discontinuity design we find that, compared to male mayors, female mayors significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This effect is driven by a reduction in emissions intensity (CO2e/GDP) in the Land Use sector, without changes in municipal economic activity. Part of the reduction in emissions in the Land Use sector is attributable to a decline in deforestation. We examine potential mechanisms that could explain the positive environmental impact of narrowly electing a female mayor over a male counterpart and find that in Amazon municipalities, female elected mayors allocate more space to the environment in their government proposals and are more likely to invest in environmental initiatives. Differences in the enforcement of environmental regulations do not explain the results. |
| JEL: | J16 D72 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2028–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dls:wpaper:0351 |
| By: | Lisa Heidelmeier; Marco Sahm |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of an environmental award in a Bertrand duopoly with green consumers considering a three-stage game. First, the regulator designs the environmental contest. Second, firms choose their green investments, and the winner of the contest is awarded. Third, firms compete in prices, and consumption takes place. We illustrate that the award not only incentivizes green investments and may thus reduce environmental externalities. As consumers perceive the product of the awarded firm to be of superior quality, it also gives rise to vertical product differentiation. This induces market power, and thus anti-competitive effects: Rents shift from consumers to producers, and consumer surplus may decrease, particularly if marginal investment costs in green technologies are high compared to the strength of environmental damage. |
| Keywords: | Bertrand competition, contests, environmental award, green consumer, product differentiation |
| JEL: | D43 H23 L13 L51 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11879 |
| By: | Aayushi Sharma (University of Barcelona & GiM-IREA, John M. Keynes 1, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.); Laia Maynou Pujolras (University of Barcelona & GiM-IREA, John M. Keynes 1, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.); Jordi J. Teixidó (University of Barcelona & GiM-IREA, John M. Keynes 1, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | This study used a natural experiment to determine how a nation-wide coal phase out strategy affects air pollution and in-turn health outcomes (physical and mental health) in England. The introduction of the Carbon Tax policy in the United Kingdom in 2013, precipitated the closure of multiple coal plants, highlighting the imperative for further investigation into its implications. Using a Staggered Difference-in-Difference estimator, we show coal plant closures improve air quality and related health outcomes. In particular, we find coal plant closures reduces hospital admissions among respiratory patients, and asthma (among adults). Additionally, they reduce mortality among the most deprived under the age of 75 years, but not among the non-deprived population. Finally, we also document improvements on mortality for mental and behavioral diseases. This results, we show, are not driven by endogenous migration flows. These findings contribute to the literature on the health effects of pollution by focusing on the effects of removing, rather than adding, pollution sources that in this case result from more stringent climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Coal-fired plants; Pollution; Physical health; Mental health JEL classification: |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202422 |
| By: | Ben Balmford; Evaluator 1; Evaluator 2 |
| Abstract: | Understanding the health impacts of tree planting and re-greening is central to understanding the co-benefits and costs of climate and biodiversity-focused policy. The paper "Urban Forests: Environmental Health Values and Risks" begins to address this question in a context in which the climate and biodiversity benefits may be small compared to the more immediate health effects: the re-greening of a mega city. We organized two evaluations of this paper. The two evaluations both recognise the significance of the work, but diverge in their assessment of the paper's causal identification. Nonetheless, this does not diminish from the paper's important impact implications: urban regreening has large positive impacts through substantial reductions in PM2.5 concentrations despite increases in allergic reactions to the increased pollen loads. To read these evaluations, please see the links below. |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:evalsumurbanforests |
| By: | Nouira, Ridha (University of Sousse); Ben Salem, Leila (University of Sousse); Saafi, Sami (University of Sousse); Rault, Christophe (University of Orléans) |
| Abstract: | This study explores the link between renewable energy consumption and international trade, with a focus on climate policy. We argue that this relationship is nonlinear and shaped by threshold effects. Using a dynamic threshold model (Seo & Shin, 2016), we analyze data from 1990 to 2023 for 29 developed and developing countries. Our results show that climate policy plays a key role in shaping the renewable energy–trade nexus, with effects depending on policy stringency and development level. In developing countries, renewable energy use consistently boosts exports, regardless of policy stringency. In contrast, in developed countries, strict policies reduce import dependence—signaling energy independence—but may also weaken renewable energy’s positive trade effects due to higher compliance costs and regulatory barriers. These findings call for tailored strategies: developed countries should balance ambitious climate goals with trade efficiency by easing regulatory burdens and promoting international policy coordination, while developing countries can use renewable energy to enhance exports, attract investment, and build technological capabilities. |
| Keywords: | climate policy stringency, international trade, renewable energy consumption, dynamic threshold model, sustainable development |
| JEL: | C5 F1 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17955 |
| By: | Stanislas Rigal (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Coralie Calvet (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier, SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Léa Tardieu (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Roussel (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Anne-Charlotte Vaissière (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] - UR - Université de Rennes - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - OSERen - Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes - UR - Université de Rennes - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Transport infrastructures dedicated to low-carbon public transport are seen as a central tool in public policy strategies to mitigate climate change. Yet, the development of transport infrastructures has significant direct and indirect negative effects on biodiversity and social acceptability of these impacts remain little assessed. In this study, we analyse potential impacts of 20 tramway existing projects in France and social preferences with regard to their ecological and landscape integration. Using a discrete choice experiment on 1000 respondents, we show that users, even the most time constrained, are accepting an average travel time lengthening of 15 %, if tramway project integration retains a more wooded landscape, more diverse and abundant species and access to a natural area. We show that brief information provided on the state of biodiversity through framing encourages environmental consideration. We quantify the estimated impact of these projects on the naturalness of habitats and the buffer effect that project ecological integration could allow. These results highlight the non-negligible ecological impact of low-carbon transport infrastructures. They underline the need to consider climate change mitigation strategies in tandem with biodiversity preservation, while taking into account user preferences which affect the acceptability of the ecological and landscape integration of these projects. |
| Keywords: | Choice experiment, Tram, Transport policy, Urban biodiversity |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05085536 |
| By: | Anna Claudia Caspani (University of Insubria, Department of Economics, Via Monte Generoso, Varese, Italy.); Elena Maggi (University of Insubria, Department of Economics, Via Monte Generoso, Varese, Italy.); Jordi J. Teixidó (GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Private transport is a leading contributor to climate change and local pollution in many countries. As a result, commuting choices have become paramount. Our main research question is how gender affects these choices. This paper analyzes the gender heterogeneity of informational interventions (green nudges) on the willingness of car commuters to adopt more sustainable commuting habits. To isolate causal evidence, we conducted a survey experiment with a randomly assigned informational treatment – a visual representation of the carbon footprint associated with different commuting options – among students at a university in northern Italy. The results show that the nudge increased the participants’ willingness to forego their private car by 7-9%. Heterogeneous analyses reveal a novel gender-specific pattern in nudge effectiveness: female car commuters exhibit a consistently greater reluctance to forego private vehicles in response to the treatment compared to male car commuters. Potential mechanisms include differing mobility patterns, security concerns, and lower social desirability bias among women. In all cases, this gender discrepancy documents the importance of integrating a gender perspective in climate policy interventions to enhance both effectiveness and public support. |
| Keywords: | gender; local climate policy; commuting; green nudges; survey experiment; public support. JEL classification: D91, H23, M38, Q58. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202412 |
| By: | Matteo Calcaterra; Andrea Consiglio; Vincenzo Martorana; Massimo Tavoni; Stavros Zenios |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:node_10909 |
| By: | You, Yaxuan; Huang, Kaixing |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the effect of renewable energy growth on infant mortality by exploiting variation in renewable energy penetration driven by global technological progress and heterogeneous regional potential for renewables. Using data covering seven million births across 427 subnational regions in 54 developing countries, we find that a 10-percentage-point increase in the share of renewables in electricity generation reduces infant mortality by 1.99 deaths per 1, 000 live births. Our results imply that the growth of renewable energy in these countries averted 1.2 million infant deaths from 1990 to 2020, corresponding to 8.23% of the total decline in infant mortality. The mortality decline is disproportionately concentrated among disadvantaged subpopulations and thus reduces inequality in infant mortality. Mechanism analysis indicates that air pollution abatement and local income growth serve as key channels. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy, infant mortality, air pollution, inequality, developing country |
| JEL: | I18 O13 O53 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125038 |
| By: | Defrance, Dimitri; Lescure, Tiffanie; Sultan, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | This study presents a meta-analysis of 56 peer-reviewed studies on climate change adaptation among Nigerian farmers in West Africa. The analysis identifies five primary adaptation strategies: crop and variety diversification, water management, agroforestry, temporal adjustments, and livelihood diversification. It also highlights significant barriers to adoption, including limited access to credit, inadequate extension services, gender disparities, and cultural beliefs. The findings reveal a disconnection between the adaptation techniques modelled and the practices of farmers, often attributable to socioeconomic and institutional constraints. Notably, regional differences influence adaptation choices, with northern farmers focusing on drought-resistant crops and migration, while southern farmers prioritize flood management and soil conservation. The study underscores the importance of participatory approaches in designing effective adaptation policies that align with local contexts. By integrating scientific models with indigenous knowledge and addressing systemic barriers, policymakers can enhance the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate variability. This research contributes to climate adaptation in West Africa by providing a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature and offering insights for targeted interventions in the Nigerian agricultural sector. |
| Date: | 2025–05–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:p8nb6_v1 |
| By: | Julio Saavedra |
| Abstract: | Key Messages• Adaptation to global warming should no longer be seen as an undesirable alternative to mitigating carbon emissions, but as an unavoidable complement to it instead.• Adaptation is highly cost-effective, and its benefits accrue locally and instantaneously when extreme weather strikes. Mitigationʼs benefits, in contrast, are spatially diffuse and occur farther in the future. Both, however, must be pursued simultaneously.• Insurers can advise policymakers, municipalities, and investors on how to properly assess the risks posed by climate-related events.• Developing countries need the full support of developed economies to help them boost their preparedness and resilience in the face of an increasingly hostile climate.• Contrary to widespread perception, most migration in Africa is internal, with the bulk being of the rural-to-urban sort. The flows towards the EU are small by comparison and can be managed with proper support. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpb:_75 |
| By: | Cheikh T. Ndour (Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal); Simplice A. Asongu (University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This study examines the relevance of information and communication technologies in the effect of gender economic inclusion on environmental sustainability. Design/methodology/approach – The focus is on a panel of 42 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2005-2020. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. The environmental sustainability indicator used is CO2 emissions per capita. Two indicators of women's economic inclusion are considered: women's labour force participation and women's unemployment. The chosen ICT indicators are mobile phone penetration, internet penetration and fixed broadband subscriptions. Findings – The results show that: (i) fixed broadband subscriptions represent the most relevant ICT moderator of gender economic inclusion for an effect on CO2 emissions; (ii) negative net effects are apparent for the most part with fixed broadband subscriptions (iii) both positive ICT thresholds (i.e., critical levels for complementary policies) and negative ICT thresholds (i.e., minimum ICT levels for negative net effects) are provided; (iv) ICT synergy effects are apparent for female unemployment, but not for female employment. In general, the joint effect of ICTs or their synergies and economic inclusion should be a concern for policymakers in order to better ensure sustainable development. Moreover, the relevant ICT policy thresholds and mobile phone threshold for complementary policy are essential in promoting a green economy. Originality/value –The study complements the extant literature by assessing linkages between information technology, gender economic inclusion and environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | ICT, Gender inclusion; Environment sustainability; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbm:wpaper:24/001 |
| By: | Christoph Boehringer (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics); Carsten Helm |
| Abstract: | Deep decarbonization requires electrification of energy-related processes across all sectors of the economy. This so-called sector coupling has important implications for quantity-based regulations in the electricity sector which overlap with measures that promote electricity-based technologies in other sectors, like subsidies for electric vehicles, CO2 taxes on fossil technologies, or a separate ETS in the transport and buildings sectors. We show this for emissions trading systems (ETS) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS). The switch to electricity-based technologies usually strengthens an existing RPS. For the EU ETS, the switch raises demand for emission allowances in countries with such additional policies, but emission reductions come from all countries within the ETS. There is thus a reverse waterbed effect. Numerical simulations for overlapping regulations in the EU and the US underpin the policy relevance. They suggest that overlapping policies should generally target sectors not covered by quantity instruments such as an ETS or RPS. |
| Keywords: | Sector coupling, overlapping regulation, cap and trade, renewable portfolio standards, unilateralaction, reverse waterbed effect |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:old:dpaper:453 |
| By: | Nicola Garbarino; Sascha Möhrle; Florian Neumeier; Marie-Theres von Schickfus |
| Abstract: | Dealing with the consequences of climate change will put an increasing burden on public and private finances. We use the example of floods in a survey experiment among 8, 000 German households to elicit households’ preferences for climate adaptation policies. In Germany, as in many countries, we observe low flood insurance penetration in combination with high ex-post state aid in the event of large disasters. We find that prior expectations of flood aid, conditional on severe flooding, are low. After learning about high ex-post flood aid, households adjust their aid expectations upwards and increase their support for a mandatory flood insurance scheme. We show that the latter result is driven by fairness concerns, with reactions being stronger among uninsured households in low-risk areas. In contrast, information about announcements to cut flood aid does not significantly alter expectations and views. We conclude that fairness concerns are relevant in the discussion of public and private responsibilities in dealing with climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change, public finance, mandatory insurance, political support, survey experiment |
| JEL: | G52 H23 H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11884 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Lambrecht, Isabel B.; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Ergasheva, Tanzila |
| Abstract: | Climate change and increased frequency of abnormal weather are becoming growing threats to people’s livelihood, including in Central Asia. These threats are particularly challenging in Tajikistan, the poorest country in the Central Asia region. Despite the fact that migration is prevalent and remittances account for a significant share of GDP, evidence is scarce as to whether the decision to migrate is driven by weather shocks, whether migration is used as mitigating tool against adverse weather shocks, and how much of the loss in welfare is actually mitigated by such migration. This study aims to narrow this knowledge gap by providing evidence based on a unique panel dataset from one of the poorest and agriculturally dependent regions in Tajikistan (Khatlon province), combined with a detailed set of various climate data. In doing so, we apply a novel approach through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify key weather shock variables among a vast set of potential variables associated with outmigration decisions in different districts. Our results show that different types of weather shocks are associated with outmigration decisions in different districts within the province, ranging from rainfall, temperatures, drought, and windspeed in different subperiods throughout the year. Regardless, more abnormal weather is almost universally associated with more outmigration, and outmigration significantly mitigates the potentially adverse effects on household consumption and food/nutrition security in the origin households. However, more abnormal weather in the origin location is also associated with reduced remittances per month per migrant sent to the origin location. Thus, the capacity of migration to mitigate against weather shocks is still limited. Combined with migration policies that increase net earnings during migration, supplementary support to enhance climate resilience in home locations, such as climate-smart agriculture and development of the non-farm sector, remains critical. |
| Keywords: | climate change; shock; migration; extreme weather events; agriculture; food security; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–06–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:175059 |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Popoola, Olufemi; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Olanipekun, Caleb; Totin, Edmond; Salaudeen, Kamaldeen Oladimeji; Muhammad, Aminu; Shi, Weilun; Liu, Yanyan |
| Abstract: | Creating a sustainable food system requires addressing the critical challenges of food waste and loss. This is particularly crucial for small-scale farmers who supply local markets but lack access to modern preservation technologies, leading to significant product losses between harvesting and selling. Research indicates that in low-and middle-income countries, approximately 38 percent of harvested perishable agricultural goods are lost before consumption. Globally, about 22 percent of fruits and vegetables are lost in the supply chain before reaching retailers (FAO, 2019). These postharvest losses have significant impacts to low economic return and household food and nutrition security. Post-harvest losses also contribute significantly to environmental concerns, accounting for roughly 8 percent of yearly global greenhouse gas emissions. Among all food categories, fruits and vegetables experience the highest losses by weight. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; food security; horticulture; households; nutrition; solar drying; sustainability; Nigeria; Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:169151 |
| By: | Harrison Hong; Jeffrey D. Kubik; Edward P. Shore |
| Abstract: | We find that the price volatility of renewable assets is significantly greater than that of brown assets. Our causal estimates leverage the response of electricity and credit markets to US state-level renewable portfolio standards that require some utilities to use renewables while exempting others. This extra risk is related to more volatile electricity prices and revenues, consistent with uncertainties including renewables intermittency. Using a growth model where the share of green capital balances climate damages and diversification benefits, we find that greater green-asset volatility is a more important determinant of economy-wide decarbonization than productivity differences of green versus brown capital. |
| JEL: | G10 G11 Q20 Q4 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33789 |
| By: | Lu, M.; Pollitt, M. G. |
| Abstract: | China is transitioning from command-and-control energy-saving and carbon abatement policies to a carbon trading mechanism, aiming to reduce CO2 emissions more cost-effectively, replacing implicit carbon pricing with explicit carbon pricing. This shift raises a critical question: will high carbon prices reduce fossil fuel consumption in China? If so, carbon trading could serve as a pivotal tool for limiting emissions while addressing policy conflicts with Europe under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to some extent. Our study explores how Chinese manufacturing firms might respond to higher carbon prices by examining how they respond to energy prices. We do this by estimating long- and short-run energy price elasticities using firm-level data from 2007–2016. We leverage provincial energy price variations for long-run elasticity estimates through pooled cross-sectional analysis and examine short-run elasticity using an unbalanced panel model. The results indicate that manufacturing firms are responsive to energy price changes in the long run but largely unresponsive in the short term, likely due to the short-term effects of technology lock-in. These findings suggest that transitioning to carbon trading is an effective strategy for reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating China’s CBAM liabilities on energy-intensive exports, though ensuring policy continuity remains a significant challenge. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Price, Carbon Trading, CBAM, Energy Price Elasticity |
| JEL: | L94 |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2527 |
| By: | Kodzovi Senu Abalo; Boehlert, Brent; Bui, Thanh; Andrew Burns; Castillo, Diego; Unnada Chewpreecha; Alexander Haider; Stephane Hallegatte; Charl Jooste; Florent McIsaac; Heather Jane Ruberl; Smet, Kim; Strzepek, Ken |
| Abstract: | Estimating the macroeconomic implications of climate change impacts and adaptation options is a topic of intense research. This paper presents a framework in the World Bank's macrostructural model to assess climate-related damages. This approach has been used in many Country Climate and Development Reports, a World Bank diagnostic that identifies priorities to ensure continued development in spite of climate change and climate policy objectives. The methodology captures a set of impact channels through which climate change affects the economy by (1) connecting a set of biophysical models to the macroeconomic model and (2) exploring a set of development and climate scenarios. The paper summarizes the results for five countries, highlighting the sources and magnitudes of their vulnerability --- with estimated gross domestic product losses in 2050 exceeding 10 percent of gross domestic product in some countries and scenarios, although only a small set of impact channels is included. The paper also presents estimates of the macroeconomic gains from sector-level adaptation interventions, considering their upfront costs and avoided climate impacts and finding significant net gross domestic product gains from adaptation opportunities identified in the Country Climate and Development Reports. Finally, the paper discusses the limits of current modeling approaches, and their complementarity with empirical approaches based on historical data series. The integrated modeling approach proposed in this paper can inform policymakers as they make proactive decisions on climate change adaptation and resilience. |
| Date: | 2025–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11133 |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Lydia Papadaki; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The Black Sea holds immense strategic and economic value as a hub linking Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Yet, its Blue Economy-encompassing fisheries, tourism, transport, renewable energy, and marine biotechnology-remains underutilized and fragmented. The EU-funded DOORS project addresses this gap by fostering collaboration among scientists, citizens, and industry stakeholders to tackle marine degradation and climate impacts. Utilizing a System Innovation Approach (SIA) and Multi-Actor Forums (MAFs), the project supports the co-creation of innovation pathways aligned with stakeholder needs and regional policy agendas, including the Common Maritime Agenda (CMA) and the Black Sea Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda (SRIA). Through the design and implementation of Multi Actor Fora across six Black Sea countries - Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine -, this study reveals the sectors with the greatest importance for the region, as well as the key challenges, and develops 26 tailored innovation pathways for all priority sectors. Results reveal major innovation gaps across sectors-particularly in sustainable aquaculture, maritime transport, and ocean governance-highlighting the urgent need for strategic planning, digital infrastructure, stakeholder engagement, and transboundary cooperation to realise a resilient and inclusive Blue Economy by 2050. |
| Keywords: | Multi-Actor Forums, Stakeholder engagement, Blue Economy, Black Sea, Systems Approaches |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2541 |
| By: | Evaluator 1 |
| Abstract: | The paper tackles a very interesting and relevant question about the environmental and health impact of urban forests i.e how human-led greening of urban areas affects well-being through its impact on pollution and pollen. The paper's strength lies in bringing together several data sources with high spatial resolution and decomposing the policy impact into vegetation density and greenery, air quality and finally health. Moreover the discussion on health and environment trade off is also new and insightful. The main critique is that claims of causality in the paper are not substantiated within the current estimation framework. However, I believe with the excellent data sources available to the authors this can be addressed in the future. |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:e1urbanforests |
| By: | Brännlund, Runar (CERE - the Center for Environmental and Resource Economics) |
| Abstract: | The report aims to describe the significance of forestry and the forest industry for the Swedish economy and to analyze the socio-economic consequences of different scenarios for managing Swedish forests over the next 100 years. Different scenarios lead to varying developments in growth, timber stocks, and possible harvesting levels, which in turn have direct and indirect effects of a private economic (market) nature, as well as effects on the land use sector's impact on net greenhouse gas emissions. The latter has been particularly in focus in recent years. The report's purpose thus has some bearing on possible socio-economic consequences of a changed national forest policy, but is also linked to the new LULUCF regulation. |
| Keywords: | Forest; EU regulation; LULUCF; Climate policy; |
| JEL: | A00 |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:slucer:2025_001 |
| By: | Zhang, Xin; Chen, Xi; Sun, Hong; Yang, Yuanjian |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to provide one of the first population-based causal estimates of the effect of air pollution on suicidal ideation-a key precursor to suicide attempt and completion-among school-age children. We use daily variations in the local wind direction as instruments to address endogeneity in pollution exposure. Matching a unique risk behavior survey of 55, 000 students from 273 schools with comprehensive data on air pollutants and weather conditions according to the exact date and location of schooling, our findings indicate that a 1% decline in daily PM2.5 is associated with a 0.36% reduction in the probability of suicidal ideation. Moreover, the dose-response relationship reveals that the marginal effects increase significantly and non-linearly with elevated concentration of PM2.5. The effect is particularly pronounced among younger, male, students from low-educated families, and students with lower grades. |
| Keywords: | suicidal ideation, air pollution, school-age children, risky behaviors, China |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1618 |
| By: | Lesman Ghazaryan; Corinne Faure; Joachim Schleich; Mia M. Birau (EM - EMLyon Business School) |
| Abstract: | Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) tariff schemes, in which households pay based on their waste generation, are proposed as solutions to the growing worldwide challenge of municipal solid waste management. However, public acceptance of such schemes remains low. Using a one-factor between-subject experimental survey design with 620 participants, we test the effects of environmental and accountability appeals and of individual characteristics in shaping preferences for a proposed PAYT scheme in Grenoble, France. We find a positive effect of the accountability appeal and no effect of the environmental appeal on preference for the PAYT scheme compared to a fixed-fee scheme. Additional analyses suggest that accountability appeals are particularly effective for individuals with below-median age, above-median income, and at least a master's degree, indicating that policymakers should target younger and educated citizens with these appeals in PAYT campaigns. Future research could test the applicability of these findings in other settings and for other waste-related interventions. |
| Keywords: | Pay-as-you-throw, Unit pricing of waste, Waste management, Communication strategies, Public acceptability, Survey experiment |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05083048 |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Alina Velias; Lydia Papadaki; Lazaros Antonios Chatzilazarou; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The increasing pressure on global water supplies from over-exploitation, drought, and pollution necessitates efficient and sustainable water management. Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) strategies have shown effectiveness in decision support, but a deeper integration of economic and participative methodologies is needed. This research reviews the core characteristics and directions of experimental economics and Living Labs (LLs) and it aims to address three research questions, namely, how the participatory, real-world environment of living laboratories can be incorporated into the controlled, hypothesis-driven nature of experimental economics; what is the significance of behavioural insights that are derived from experimental economics in the design and implementation of living labs; and how these two approaches can be merged under one framework. The focus of this paper is the improvement of water resource management through collaborative and stakeholder-driven innovation. Living Labs provide authentic environments for co-creation, allowing scientists and stakeholders to address water-related issues like supply, demand, and shortage. These environments connect controlled experimental conditions with real applications, providing comprehensive insights into behavioural reactions and policy formulation. LLs can enhance and be strengthened by economic methodologies, particularly in water valuation through integrated frameworks accounting for environmental externalities and opportunity costs. Finally, this paper shows that integrating behavioural insights and experimental approaches within LLs improves the external validity of experimental economics by putting interventions in real-world settings. |
| Keywords: | Behavioral Microeconomics, Field Experiments, Water Resource Management; Water Supply and Demand, Analysis of Collective Decision-Making |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2540 |
| By: | Roshen Fernando (World Bank); Warwick J. McKibbin (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon where microorganisms acquire resistance to antimicrobial medicines as part of their evolution. However, overuse, misuse, and underuse of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial applications have aggravated AMR. Socioeconomic, sociocultural, demographic, and environmental factors have also contributed to AMR. These include climate change, demographic trends (such as the growth in population, population aging, population density, urbanization, and migration), and plastic and metal pollution. Given the widespread consumption of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and industry, worsening AMR threatens global economic stability, growth, and development. Thus, addressing AMR collectively is vital to preventing global economic disruptions from AMR. Using the G-Cubed model, a global multisectoral intertemporal general equilibrium model, the authors attempt to quantify the economic consequences of AMR under six scenarios via four main pathways: (1) labor productivity changes from morbidity and mortality due to AMR-related diseases, (2) agriculture productivity changes due to AMR effects on livestock, (3) risk premia changes in financial markets due to the differential exposure to AMR risks, and (4) fiscal expenditure changes to manage AMR risks. The authors account for demographic trends (growth in population and population aging) and physical climate risks when projecting changes in AMR-related diseases. They find a significant global economic burden of worsening AMR due to demographic change and climate change risks, as well as significant economic benefits of taking action to address AMR. They emphasize that a "one-health" approach to managing AMR will have substantial economic benefits over the coming decades. |
| Keywords: | Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotic Resistance, Infectious Diseases, Macroeconomic Modelling |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C63 C68 E37 F01 F41 Q51 Q54 I10 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp25-12 |
| By: | Wolfgang Stojetz; Tilman Brück; Carlo Azzarri; Erdgin Mane |
| Abstract: | This paper provides evidence on the impacts of armed conflict and climate change on individual labor intensity. Based on pooled labor force survey, climate, and conflict event data from 21 African countries, we document that climate change and armed conflict can create a polycrisis: the negative impacts of extreme climate events on labor intensity in and outside of agriculture are more severe in conflict environments. This interaction effect, driven by heat waves and floods, is concentrated among young people, and it is the result of violent conflict presence before a climate event occurs, not of conflict events that occur at the same time as the climate event. In addition, our results suggest that conflict contributes to gender-specific shifts in labor allocation in response to climate events exacerbating women’s work burden. Our findings emphasize the importance of concerted, evidence-based policies to tackle climate-conflict polycrises, taking into account the specific vulnerabilities shaped by individuals’ gender and age. |
| Keywords: | africa, agriculture, agrifood systems, climate, conflict, employment, gender, polycrisis, youth |
| JEL: | D74 J16 J22 O12 Q10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:430 |
| By: | Magaletti, Nicola; Nortarnicola, Valeria; Di Molfetta, Mauro; Mariani, Stefano; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the complex relationship between the performance of logistics and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance drawing upon the multi-methodological framework of combining econometric with state-of-the-art machine learning approaches. Employing IV panel data regressions, viz. 2SLS and G2SLS, with data from a balanced panel of 163 countries covering the period from 2007 to 2023, the research thoroughly investigates how the performance of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) is correlated with a variety of ESG indicators. To enrich the analysis, machine learning models—models based upon regression, viz. Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Boosting Regression, Decision Tree Regression, and Linear Regressions, and clustering, viz. Density-Based, Neighborhood-Based, and Hierarchical clustering, Fuzzy c-Means, Model Based, and Random Forest—were applied to uncover unknown structures and predict the behaviour of LPI. Empirical evidence suggests that higher improvements in the performance of logistics are systematically correlated with nascent developments in all three dimensions of the environment (E), the social (S), and the governance (G). The evidence from econometrics suggests that higher LPI goes with environmental trade-offs such as higher emissions of greenhouse gases but cleaner air and usage of resources. On the S dimension, better performance in terms of logistics is correlated with better education performance and reducing child labour, but also demonstrates potential problems such as social imbalances. For G, better governance of logistics goes with better governance, voice and public participation, science productivity, and rule of law. Through both regression and cluster methods, each of the respective parts of ESG were analyzed in isolation, allowing to study in-depth how the infrastructure of logistics is interacting with sustainability research goals. Overall, the study emphasizes that while modernization is facilitated by the performance of the infrastructure of logistics, this must go hand in hand with policy intervention to make it socially inclusive, environmentally friendly, and institutionally robust. |
| Date: | 2025–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:huxcs_v1 |
| By: | Groom, Simon |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81339 |
| By: | Buehler, Stefan (University of St. Gallen - SEPS: Economics and Political Sciences); Chen, Rachel R. (University of California, Davis - Graduate School of Management); Halbheer, Daniel (HEC Paris); Zeng, Helen S. (University of California, Davis - Graduate School of Management) |
| Abstract: | Platforms have radically transformed many markets. Initially perceived as the harbinger of a new economy, platforms today can no longer ignore their impact on the triple bottom line of profit, planet, and people, as their adverse effects on the environment (e.g., massive energy consumption and carbon emissions) and society (e.g., misinformation, hate speech, discrimination, degradation of mental health, and privacy violations) become increasingly evident. As a result, consumers, regulators, and even business leaders demand greater transparency along the environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) pillars of a platform’s activities. This chapter first introduces a simple economic framework to organize the literature on ESG in platform markets. It then discusses key papers and points out avenues for future research. |
| Keywords: | ESG pillars; Triple bottom line; Sustainability; Regulation |
| JEL: | Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1550 |
| By: | HAN, Seoni (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Cho, Sunghun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Yejin (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); KIM, Joo Hye (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Seo, Sang-hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 글로벌 탄소중립과 산업 패러다임의 변화로 글로벌 경제 기반이 기존의 연료 집약적(fuel-intensive) 시스템에서 원료 집약적(material-intensive) 시스템으로 전환되는 과정에서 태양광, 태양열, 풍력, 수력, 지열 등과 같은 재생에너지 발전과 전기차 및 배터리 생산에 필수적인 핵심광물에 대한 경쟁이 갈수록 심화되고 있다. 핵심광물에 대한 수요는 2040년까지 3배 이상, 2050년까지는 6배 이상 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 핵심광물은 매장과 생산이 특정 몇몇 국가들에 집중되어 있어 수급이 안정적이지 않아 가격 변동성이 높고, 현재의 기술로는 대체가 어렵다. 따라서 규제 변화, 무역 통제, 정치적 불안정 등으로 인한 공급 불안정성이 높아 이에 대한 적절한 대응이 시급하다. 이에 미국, EU, 영국, 캐나다, 일본 등 주요국들은 핵심광물 공급망의 취약성을 국가안보에 대한 중대한 위협으로 인식하고, 자국 내 산업 육성과 소수의 특정국에 대한 의존도를 낮추는 것을 목적으로 핵심광물 공급망을 내재화하고 동맹국과의 협력을 확대하는 전략을 추진하고 있다. The green transition and shifts in industrial paradigms have intensified the global competition for critical minerals essential to renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. The rising demand for these minerals has created more complexities for global supply chains, presenting greater challenges compared to the era of fossil fuel. In response, both mineral producers and consumer countries are formulating strategies to enhance economic security and diversify mineral supply chains, promoting public-private partnerships as well as bilateral and multilateral cooperation. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | The green transition; global competition; Korea-Africa cooperation; |
| Date: | 2024–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2024_025 |
| By: | Kruft, Krista; Herens, Marion; Namugumya, Brenda Shenute; De Groote, Bram |
| Abstract: | Food systems are failing to provide sustainable, healthy diets that promote health, environmental sustainability, affordability, and cultural acceptability, leaving over three billion people unable to access such diets. Following calls for transformation after the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit and subsequent international dialogues, there is growing recognition of the need for systemic approaches to accelerate food systems transformation (FST). However, many stakeholders remain uncertain about how to implement effective changes, highlighting the need for sustainable development pathways that integrate health, environmental, and inclusion goals. This paper explores what capacities are needed for driving FST, emphasizing the need to strengthen skills and competencies in individuals, organizations, and societies to achieve transformative goals. Based on the capacity-strengthening experiences of the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation (SHiFT) in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Vietnam, the paper examines SHiFT’s capacity-strengthening practice used. Key questions addressed include identifying stakeholders who need transformative capacities, the capacities required for different roles, and strategies to inspire meaningful implementation. The reflections on capacity-strengthening trajectories for food system actors in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Vietnam underscore the need for tailored, inclusive, and adaptive approaches that address the unique dynamics of each food system. Seven guiding principles emerged: contextualizing within political and economic landscapes; employing adult-based, experiential learning; timing of capacity strengthening interventions; navigating power dynamics; embracing emergence and flexibility; fostering diversity; and stimulating personal agency and leadership. These principles highlight the importance of co-creation, continuous reflection, and iterative adaptation, ensuring capacity-building efforts are relevant, effective, and transformative. By exploring practice-based and case-based insights, this paper contributes to understanding how targeted capacity strengthening can support meaningfully to FST. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; food systems; healthy diets; stakeholders; sustainability; Bangladesh; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Asia; Africa; Southern Asia; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:173230 |
| By: | Kimberly Clausing; Jonathan Colmer; Allan Hsiao; Catherine Wolfram |
| Abstract: | We study carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) policies, as currently being implemented by the EU and UK. Policy discussions have cited three motivations and one concern. CBAMs can improve domestic competitiveness in regulated markets, reduce emissions leakage to unregulated markets, and encourage other countries to tax carbon. But CBAMs may particularly disadvantage lower-income trading partners. We evaluate these forces with a quantitative equilibrium model and plant-level data on aluminium and steel production worldwide. Our data cover the most emissions-intensive and heavily traded sectors targeted in the first phase of EU and UK implementation. We find that CBAMs can effectively boost competitiveness, curb leakage, and encourage regulation, while also avoiding disproportionate impacts on lower-income countries. |
| Keywords: | carbon border adjustment mechanisms, emissions leakage, domestic competitiveness, policy spillovers, lower-income countries |
| Date: | 2025–05–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2097 |
| By: | Darul Wiyono; Deshinta Arrova Dewi; Ema Ambiapuri; Nur Aini Parwitasari; Deni Supardi Hambali |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This research explores the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices on employee performance and well-being in private higher education institutions in Bandung, West Java. It seeks to provide insights into how effective ESG integration can enhance organizational performance and employee satisfaction. Methodology: A quantitative approach employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzed the relationships among constructs: environmental practices, social practices, governance practices, and the dependent variable, employee performance and well-being. Data were collected from 270 respondents through stratified random sampling across various administrative roles in 138 private higher education institutions. Findings: The results showed that environmental practices positively impact employee performance and well-being, with social practices also contributing. Governance practices mediate and amplify these effects. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating sustainable practices into organizational strategies to improve employee outcomes and overall institutional performance. Originality: This study explores the impact of ESG practices on employee performance in private higher education institutions, focusing on sustainability to enhance engagement and productivity. Unlike previous research, which focused primarily on corporate sectors or public universities, it emphasizes the unique challenges of private institutions, particularly in Bandung, offering new insights into governance practices as mediators. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.08201 |
| By: | Aswani, Jitendra; Raghunandan, Aneesh; Rajgopal, Shiva |
| JEL: | Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121632 |
| By: | Simshauser, P.; Shellshear, E. |
| Abstract: | Renewable Energy Zones (REZ) and the associated transmission network infrastructure are an important policy development in Australia’s transitioning electricity market. REZs form the basis upon which to expand the renewable hosting capacity of the National Electricity Market (NEM) at scale, while simultaneously minimising the footprint of infrastructure – noting community, cultural heritage and environmental (i.e. biodiversity) sensitivities. In the NEM’s Queensland region, REZs are developed outside the regulatory framework as non-regulated or ‘merchant’ assets, with connecting generators paying user charges. Early REZs involved a small number of committed generators connecting to, and fully subscribing, the REZ asset. Under such conditions, cost allocation is straight forward. But when a geographically dispersed coalition of generators seek to connect over different timeframes and with longer distances involved – the cost allocation task and the tractability of merchant REZ commitment rises in complexity. Since merchant REZs are a novel concept, there is no historic practice to draw from. In this article, we identify the optimal coalition of connecting generators and rely on Shapley’s (1951) seminal work to devise a fair and efficient set of user charges, albeit in the context of renewable power project development. We also examine how to deal with transient idle capacity through structured financing and regulatory policy. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy Zones, Renewables, Battery Storage, Shapely Value |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2524 |
| By: | Lennox, Julie; Vega Rodríguez, Róger |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81343 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Faisal Quaiyyum |
| Abstract: | This study examines the psychological impact of energy crises on households, utilising the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) to measure the stress induced by disruptions in electricity, gas, and fuel supply and pricing. Through a multivariate analysis incorporating Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Simultaneous-Quantile Regressions (SQR), Random Forest (RF) and Ordered Probit models, the research identifies the key socio-demographic and environmental factors influencing household stress. |
| Keywords: | Energy crisis, Power outages, Gas and fuel shortages, Energy insecurity, Environmental awareness, Energy policy, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:156 |
| By: | Kowalska Malgorzata Agata; Delre Antonio (European Commission - JRC); Donatello Shane; Faraca Giorgia (European Commission - JRC); Wolf Oliver (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The EU Ecolabel and EU GPP (Green Public Producrement) are two European policy instruments that can be used by public procurers in a synergistic manner by matching supply and demand signals to green the market.Suppliers receive general demand signals for greener products. However, public procurers are often reluctant to state specific green criteria in calls for competition because of uncertainty about what exactly to ask for and the availability of compliant products on the market.These practical guidelines help procurers to draw up technical specifications and award criteria based on EU Ecolabel criteria in calls for the green public procurement of graphic paper.Compliance with the recommended EU GPP criteria can be verified simply by products carrying the EU Ecolabel and, in some cases, by products carrying other ISO 14024 type I ecolabels.Public authorities can also directly request EU Ecolabel graphic paper in their call for competition. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141297 |
| By: | Kowalska Malgorzata Agata; Delre Antonio (European Commission - JRC); Donatello Shane; Faraca Giorgia (European Commission - JRC); Wolf Oliver (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The EU Ecolabel and EU GPP (Green Public Producrement)are two European policy instru-ments that can be used by public procurers in a synergistic manner by matching supply and demand signals to green the market.Suppliers receive general demand signals for greener products. However, public procurers are often reluctant to state specific green criteria in calls for competition because of uncertainty about what exactly to ask for and the availability of compliant products on the market.These practical guides help procurers to draw up technical specifications and award criteria based on EU Ecolabel criteria in calls for the green public procurement of tissue paper and tissue products.Compliance with the recommended EU GPP criteria can be verified simply by products carrying the EU Ecolabel and, in some cases, by products carrying other ISO 14024 Type I ecolabels.Public authorities can also directly request EU Ecolabel tissue paper and tissue products in their call for competition. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141344 |
| By: | Xin, Wei; Grant, Lewis; Groom, Ben; Zhang, Chendi |
| Abstract: | The biodiversity components of ESG ratings are analysed to understand whether this disclosure mechanism can affect investment decisions, improve outcomes for biodiversity or lead to better management of nature-based risks. We analyse the relationship between stock returns and firms' biodiversity ratings and how biodiversity ratings are related to firm characteristics. We conclude that biodiversity ratings are largely uncorrelated to firm characteristics other than via firm size, and do not predict stock returns. Analysis of operating performance sheds light on why: returns on assets and profit margins are not affected by biodiversity ratings. Systematic risk, idiosyncratic risk and firm valuation are also not influenced by overall biodiversity performance. The effect is heterogeneous across industries: biodiversity ratings predict negative returns in metals and mining but positive returns in utilities. Further, institutional investors and sell-side analysts ignore biodiversity ratings in their decision-making. A suite of tests suggests that biodiversity as measured in ESG ratings does not provide useful additional information for financial decision makers. It is difficult to see how, on its own at least, the measurement and disclosure of biodiversity via ESG ratings currently helps achieve any target related to biodiversity and nature recovery or improves the management of nature-based risks. |
| Keywords: | asset Pricing; biodiversity; disclosure; ESG; finance; nature; risk |
| JEL: | G12 G14 G23 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128185 |
| By: | Francisca Castro; Tilman Brück; Wolfgang Stojetz; Hadi Jaafar |
| Abstract: | When refugees flee abroad, they carry the legacy of their traumatic experiences across borders. While there are over 43 million refugees worldwide, the long-term effects of conflict exposure on their well-being remain poorly understood. This paper examines how pre-displacement exposure to violent conflict and environmental stressors shapes the long-term social well-being of Syrian refugees in Jordan, focusing on life satisfaction, social trust, and social safety nets. Using representative survey data from refugees living in Jordan and conflict events, as well as remote sensing environmental data from Syria, we distinguish between exposure to conflict events and conflict fatalities, revealing distinct effects. While exposure to conflict events has no systematic impact on social outcomes, exposure to conflict fatalities significantly reduces life satisfaction and weakens social safety nets. These effects are critically mediated by mental health, with depressive symptoms significantly explaining the negative impact of conflict fatalities on life satisfaction. Our findings also highlight gendered dimensions: individuals living in female-majority households experience particularly severe declines in life satisfaction, whereas those in male-majority households show greater deterioration in social safety nets. Having experienced droughts before leaving Syria further amplifies the negative effects of conflict, particularly on social safety nets. These results highlight the importance of considering intersecting vulnerabilities due to gender, environmental stress, and conflict exposure when designing support systems for forcibly displaced populations. |
| Keywords: | climate, conflict, jordan, mental health, refugees, social well-being, syria |
| JEL: | D74 D91 F22 I12 I31 O15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:431 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Niyonsingiza, Josue; Thurlow, James; Warner, James; Xu, Valencia Wenqian |
| Abstract: | The study systematically ranks investment options in the agrifood system based on their cost-effectiveness across multiple development outcomes. Investments in SME processors and traders and livestock extension are the most cost-effective for promoting agrifood GDP growth and employment. SMEs and livestock services together with seed systems and credit access contribute positively to social outcomes (poverty, undernourishment, and diet). The analysis finds a trade-off between economic gains and environmental outcomes— higher GDP effects often come with greater environmental costs. The Rwandan case demonstrates a slight shift in the relative cost-effectiveness of investments when accounting for historical climatic risks. The study emphasizes the need for data-driven investment planning, climate-aware policies, and balancing short-term gains with long-term sustainability objectives. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development; agrifood systems; investment; agricultural extension; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:rssppn:174709 |
| By: | Simshauser, P.; Gilmore, J. |
| Abstract: | Decarbonising our power systems requires coal plant to exit and be replaced by intermittent renewables, along with a diversified fleet of flexible firming plant (viz. batteries, pumped hydro, gas turbines). It also requires electrification of the gas market. In Australia’s National Electricity Market, certain jurisdictions have sought to pursue power system decarbonisation and electrification of gas loads simultaneously. Using 40 years of weather re-analysis data in parallel electricity and gas market models, we identify the generation plant investment task required to meet the primal energy policy task of minimising cost, subject to reliability and CO2 emissions constraints. The outstanding renewable investment task is very material, and accelerating electrification may have the unintended effect of entrenching coal plant for longer. Further, a large fleet of gas turbines is required to deal with intermittency during winter months when renewables experience annual output nadirs. Yet a larger gas turbine fleet produces an acute peak (gas) demand problem during critical event winter days. Electrification of gas customers reduces annual gas demand, but ironically, gas turbine output on those critical event days means there is little change in daily maximum gas demand. This is quite a paradox – electrification policy signals the structural decline of gas networks, yet gas turbines and supporting gas storage and pipeline infrastructure become critical to maintain security of supply. Careful investment planning and policy sequencing is therefore required. |
| Keywords: | Electrification, Renewables, Natural Gas, Energy-Only Markets, Dispatchable Plant Capacity |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2528 |
| By: | Chung, Colin |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how educational messaging and the timing of attitudinal questions influence stated consumer preferences for sustainable product components. A choice-based conjoint (CBC) survey was deployed to 720 U.S. adults, randomized into four groups with varying exposure to sustainability messaging and priming. Compared to the control group, respondents who were exposed to messaging and priming showed an additional 7–17 percentage point increase in preference share for products with recycled components. The attribute importance of sustainability-related features rose by approximately 4–7 percentage points, and marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) increased by $11–$71 relative to the control group. These results demonstrate how survey design can measurably impact research outcomes and the importance of educational messaging in improving willingness to pay. |
| Date: | 2025–05–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:t5fv4_v1 |
| By: | Rukundo, Emmanuel Nshakira; Tabe-Ojong, Martin Paul; Gebrekidan, Bisrat Haile; Agaba, Monica; Padmaja, Subash Surendran; Dhehibi, Boubacar |
| Abstract: | A major challenge for countries dealing with conflict and instability is encouraging the use of farming technologies and natural resource management practices that are climate-smart. These practices boost productivity, build resilience to climate challenges and thus contribute to other dimensions of resilience such as those associated with conflict. In this review and meta-analysis, we assess factors associated with farmers' adoption decisions for such technologies and practices. We use advanced machine learning tools to analyze over 42, 000 published papers. Focusing on countries identified as fragile due to either climate shocks or conflict, we select 109 papers and extract 1330 coefficients and implement partial correlation coefficient analysis. Our findings show that most of the research comes from two countries; Ethiopia and Nigeria and we do not find any studies from Small Island States. We categorized the technologies into five technology groups, including soil health, erosion management, mechanization, input use and risk reduction technologies. Analysis reveals that factors such as farmer training, access to information, subsidies, and past experiences of using technologies predicts further technology adoption. However, there are significant differences across various technology groups and most especially, a very low coverage of risk-reduction technologies such as insurance. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture technology adoption, climate change, fragility, determinants |
| JEL: | Q12 Q16 Q20 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:319082 |
| By: | Andor, Mark Andreas; Hönow, Nils Christian; Hümmecke, Eva; Yang, Eva H. |
| Abstract: | This data report describes the first wave of the RWI Climate-Mobility Panel, a recurring household survey that aims in particular to investigate individual mobility behavior and preferences with regard to mobility-related policies. It further includes information on attitudes towards environmental protection and climate change of household members in Germany as well as on socio-economic individual and household characteristics. The project was conducted by the RWI - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research and funded by Stiftung Mercator. This first survey includes data from more than 7, 000 German households and was collected via forsa from April to June 2018. In combination with subsequent waves in 2019, 2022 and 2024, it is possible to monitor, for example, changes in mobility behavior and policy preferences over time. This first survey contains additional cross-sectional data on several transport-related topics, such as an assessment of the perceived costs of private car use and an experiment to assess participants' willingness to pay for public transport tickets, as well as selected psychological scales. This uniquely comprehensive dataset serves as a support to enable novel research and evidence-based policy decisions in the context of the mobility and transport transition. |
| Abstract: | Die vorliegende Datensatzbeschreibung bezieht sich auf die erste Welle des RWI Klima-Mobilitäts-Panels, einer regelmäßig durchgeführten Haushaltsbefragung, die insbesondere das individuelle Mobilitätsverhalten und die Zustimmung zu verkehrspolitischen Maßnahmen erfasst. Darüber hinaus wird die Einstellung zu Umweltschutz und Klimawandel abgefragt, ebenso wie sozioökonomische Merkmale. Das Projekt wurde vom RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung durchgeführt und von der Stiftung Mercator gefördert. Die erste Welle umfasst Daten von mehr als 7.000 Haushalten in Deutschland und wurde von April bis Juni 2018 von forsa erhoben. In Kombination mit den Wellen in den Jahren 2019, 2022 und 2024 können beispielsweise Veränderungen im Mobilitätsverhalten und in den Präferenzen für verkehrspolitische Maßnahmen im Zeitverlauf beobachtet werden. Zusätzlich enthält diese erste Erhebung Querschnittsdaten zu verschiedenen verkehrsrelevanten Themen, wie z. B. eine Einschätzung der wahrgenommenen Kosten der privaten Pkw-Nutzung und ein Experiment zur Ermittlung der Zahlungsbereitschaft für ÖPNV-Tickets, sowie ausgewählte psychologische Skalen. Dieser in seiner Art einzigartige und umfassende Datensatz dient als Grundlage für neue Forschungsarbeiten und evidenzbasierte politische Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang der Mobilitäts- und Verkehrswende. |
| Keywords: | Household panel, mobility, climate change, transport transition, acceptance, public transport, private transport |
| JEL: | D12 D83 L91 Q58 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:319073 |
| By: | Ceballos-Sierra, Federico; Wiegel, Jennifer; Gómez, Miguel; Colindres, Mirian |
| Abstract: | This scoping study delves into the critical aspects of the coffee industry in Honduras, a major global coffee producer. It explores the significant growth in Honduran coffee production and productivity, while contrasting these achievements with rising environmental and social sustainability concerns. Key issues include the impact of climate change on coffee suitability, increasing rural poverty despite growing export values, and the challenges in maintaining consistent coffee quality and fair profit distribution along the supply chain. The study aims to review the agricultural policy context, describe the global coffee value chain (GVC), and identify constraints hindering production efficiency and inclusivity. It proposes interventions focusing on vertical coordination, quality improvement, digital innovations for traceability, and market information access, with special emphasis on environmental sustainability and gender and youth inclusion. The study utilizes an extensive literature review and inter views with sector stakeholders to analyze the dynamics within the Honduran coffee supply chain, identifying critical bottlenecks and potential solutions. The findings highlight issues in informal labor markets, oligopsonistic market conditions, and the need for improved contracting between international buyers and domestic sellers. The study sets the stage for detailed examination and intervention strategies in subsequent sections, aiming to enhance the overall performance and sustainability of the Honduran coffee industry. |
| Keywords: | coffee beans; agricultural productivity; sustainability; climate change; rural poverty; value chains; Honduras; Central America |
| Date: | 2024–02–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:139059 |
| By: | Solis, Ben |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81341 |
| By: | Juan Pablo Bermudez-Cespedes; Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia; Daniel Parra-Amado |
| Abstract: | This research investigates the influence of natural disasters and climate-related announcements, particularly those associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), on inflation expectations within the Colombian economy. Employing an event study framework, we analyze daily data on inflation expectations derived from the Colombian public debt market spanning October 2004 to August 2022, in conjunction with the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) and ENSO announcements from international agencies. Our findings provide evidence that both types of events significantly influence the mean of the inflation expectations. Moreover, while natural disasters increase the volatility of inflation expectations, ENSO announcements do not exhibit a similar effect. *****RESUMEN: Esta investigación analiza la influencia de los desastres naturales y los anuncios relacionados con el clima, en particular aquellos asociados con el fenómeno de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO), sobre las expectativas de inflación en la economía colombiana. Empleando un enfoque de estudio de eventos donde se analizan datos diarios de expectativas de inflación derivadas del mercado de deuda pública de Colombia, abarcando el período de octubre de 2004 a agosto de 2022, en conjunto con la base de datos de eventos de emergencia (EM-DAT) y los anuncios de ENSO emitidos por agencias internacionales. Nuestros hallazgos evidencian que ambos tipos de eventos influyen significativamente en la media de las expectativas de inflación. Además, mientras que los desastres naturales aumentan la volatilidad de estas expectativas, los anuncios de ENSO no muestran un efecto similar. |
| Keywords: | Natural disasters, inflation expectations, GARCH, Event study, Desastres naturales, Expectativas de inflación, Estudio de eventos |
| JEL: | C58 C4 E31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1315 |
| By: | Holt, Ileana; Mendoza Sánchez, Juan Fernando |
| Abstract: | El primer Manual centroamericano de mantenimiento de carreteras se adoptó en 2000 tras los devastadores efectos del huracán Mitch en los estados miembros del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Los países de la subregión acordaron que, para hacer frente a estas amenazas, debían tomar acciones y adoptar normas técnicas aplicables a las carreteras con el propósito de reducir la vulnerabilidad de sus redes viales. En el marco del proyecto “Fortalecimiento de capacidades para la incorporación de la reducción de riesgos de desastres y la adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático en la inversión pública de los países miembros de COSEFIN/ SICA” (RIDASICC), en 2023 se actualizó el Manual integrando actividades y elementos de reducción del riesgo de desastres y adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático, con el fin de contribuir a mantener el nivel de servicio de las vialidades y extender su vida útil. El presente Manual fue aprobado por el COMITRAN mediante la Resolución 11 de su reunión de diciembre de 2023. |
| Date: | 2024–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:81101 |
| By: | Gunther Capelle-Blancard (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, Centre d'Econonomie de la Sorbonne); Avinash Persaud (Inter-American Development Bank - IADB) |
| Abstract: | Mobilising substantial new resources is essential to address the climate crisis, particularly for low-income developing countries disproportionately affected by its impacts. Financial Transactions Taxes (FTTs) on equity trading, already implemented in several countries and generating around $17 billion annually, represent an underutilised but promising revenue stream. Drawing on existing implementations, particularly in France and the UK, the paper evaluates legal feasibility and revenue potential. We argue that expanding and harmonising such levies — designed with simplicity, enforceability, and fairness in mind —could raise an additional $87 billion per year, significantly contributing to climate action, especially related loss and damage needs. In the context of the Global Solidarity Levies Task Force (GSLTF) initiated at COP28, the study highlights the FTT as a technically feasible, low-cost, and non-distortive mechanism to raise climate finance quickly and effectively, fulfilling the criteria sought by GSLTF and offering a practical path forward in the broader effort to scale up international development and climate funding |
| Keywords: | Financial transaction tax; Securities Transaction Tax; Tobin tax; Innovative financing |
| JEL: | G21 H25 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:25011 |
| By: | Daniel Albalate (Dept. of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Mattia Borsati (Dept. of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Albert Gragera (Dept. of Applied Economics, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | We quantify the effect of public transportation fare subsidies on air quality by exploiting the sharp discontinuity in the cost of ridership introduced by policy intervention. We identify this effect by taking advantage of four months of massive discounts for transit services introduced in Spain on September 1, 2022, as part of the national plan to tackle the global energy crisis. Across pollutants and specifications, we find no evidence that low-cost or free-of-charge public transportation financing schemes have improved air quality. Our results reveal that measures aimed at reducing transit prices may fail to achieve the claimed environmental benefits through a modal shift from private to collective modes of transport, which suggests that massive fare discounts may not represent an efficient allocation of public funds. |
| Keywords: | Public transportation; Air quality; Externalities; Pollutants; Modal shift. JEL classification: L92, Q53, R41, R48. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202414 |
| By: | Wolf D. Grossmann (University of Graz, Austria); Iris Grossmann (Chatham University, Pittsburgh, United States); Karl W. Steininger (University of Graz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | For the transition to fully renewable energy the residual load - the portion of the load that is not yet generated from renewables - has to be replaced with renewable electricity. Photovoltaics (PV) is of particular interest given possible low electricity costs. However, firm electricity from PV is still expensive due to intermittency, in particular seasonally. We describe and apply a two-part non-linear optimization method. First, optimal percentages of solar generation capacity at different sites are determined to closely approximate a given load pattern. Results are best when sites on both hemispheres and in many time zones are connected. We then describe and apply a second method that utilizes the combination of sites determined during the first phase to find a cost-optimal pairing of PV and storage that delivers firm electricity for the given load pattern. Costs of firm electricity for common load patterns, e.g. the European Union or a linear load, could be less than USD 20/MWh, without transmission, if global generation sites are utilized. Long submarine power cables are being planned and built globally, enabling enhanced technological learning and consequently declining costs. We discuss several examples of combinations of solar generation sites with overall electricity costs including transmission depending on expected learning rates. This approach could help identify stable configurations for affordable and firm electricity from renewables and inform plans for necessary long-distance power transmission infrastructure. We also give an example of an intercontinental power cable that could be built along the known route of an existing submarine telecom cable. |
| Keywords: | renewable electricity, photovoltaics, storage, firm electricity cost, renewable system design |
| JEL: | C61 D24 Q21 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grz:wpaper:2025-06 |
| By: | Germà Bel (GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Joël Bühler (GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Municipalities increasingly cooperate with one another to improve their public services. In this study, we estimate the causal effect of Inter-Municipal Cooperation (IMC) on the environmental performance of waste collection in Catalonia. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that municipalities moving into IMC decrease non-separated waste per capita and increase the share of waste separation. However, when taking into account potential selection into treatment, a causal effect is present only in a sub-period after a strong hike in the landfill tax, and particularly for municipalities switching after this tax hike. This points to IMC’s potential to use technical capability and economies of scale for a more pronounced and rapid reaction, enhancing the effectiveness of higher-level policy. In contrast, absent the landfill tax, IMC seems to have offered limited improvement in environmental performance, suggesting at most a secondary role for internalization of local environmental spillovers. |
| Keywords: | Inter-Municipal Cooperation; Waste Management; Recycling; Selection into Treatment; Difference-in-Differences. JEL classification: H41, H77, Q53. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202501 |
| By: | Lorena M. D’Agostino (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.); Rosina Moreno (AQR-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Damián Tojeiro-Rivero (ESADE-University Ramon Llull, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Taking the long-established evidence on knowledge spillovers that states that part of the new created knowledge spills over to other firms mostly located in the physical proximity, we aim at providing evidence on the role of green knowledge spillovers on firms’ innovation. We posit that in addition to internal factors, firm innovation is determined by external regional factors, among which we specifically focus on the spillovers generated by environmental EU-funded research at the regional level. The results indicate that the presence of partners engaged in EU-environmental projects in a region has a positive and significant effect on process innovation. |
| Keywords: | innovation; environment; EU-funded research; Framework Programme; region; firm. JEL classification: R11, O31, O44. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202423 |
| By: | Rodríguez Laconich, Mical |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Inland Transport Connectivity Indicators (SITCIN) evaluate the efficiency of transport systems and the alignment of legal frameworks with international legal instruments for transport and border-crossing facilitation. SITCIN enables countries to track their progress in areas such as the implementation of regional or international conventions on transport, harmonization of national rules with UN legal instruments, achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Vienna Programme of Action. This tool was developed as part of the United Nations Development Account (UNDA) project, titled “Sustainable transport connectivity and implementation of transportrelated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in selected landlocked and transit/bridging countries”. The project was led by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in collaboration with the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for West Asia (ESCWA). This report assesses 101 SITCIN indicators related to road and inland waterway transport in the Plurinational State of Bolivia, covering three of the six SITCIN chapters: (i) Border Crossing Facilitation, (ii) Transport Infrastructure and (iii) Safety and Security. The report provides a SWOT analysis for all covered chapters and, where applicable, outlines the legal Bolivia (Plurinational State of) must implement after ratifying the Accession Protocol to the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR). |
| Date: | 2025–02–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col025:81304 |
| By: | Eduardo Polloni-Silva (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul: Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.); Herick Fernando Moralles (Industrial Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil.); Rosina Moreno (AQR-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Research shows that Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be beneficial/harmful to the host’s environment. However, the mechanisms that explain these contrasting effects are still unclear. By employing a regional dataset on FDI in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, this study verifies how the technological content of the FDI may impact the host region. Additionally, applying the promises from the institution-based view, the origins of FDI and the institutional quality of these home countries were included. The results reject the commonly employed ‘one size fits all’ approach towards FDI, since both high-technology and low-technology FDI can be beneficial for the host’s sustainable development. Yet, the origins of these investments matter, and receiving FDI from countries with weaker institutions can be harmful, regardless of the sector. These findings have important implications for policymakers and future research focused on emerging economies, and the promised expectations of FDI should be revisited. |
| Keywords: | CO2 Emissions Intensity; Sustainability; Foreign Direct Investment; São Paulo; Brazil. JEL classification: F18, O13, Q56, R11. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202424 |
| By: | Schulthess, Urs; Fonteyne, Simon; Gardeazabal Monsalve, Andrea |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to assess whether radar (Sentinel-1) and optical (Sentinel-2) satellite data could detect residue management practices and differentiate between conventional, minimal, and no tillage fields in Guanajuato, Mexico. The study used in-situ data collected by the CIMMYT-led MasAgro Guanajuato project, which tracks land preparation and crop management. Various tillage and residue indices were tested, including NDSVI, NDTI, and NDI5, based on Sentinel-2 bands. The conclusion suggests that most successful remote sensing applications for tillage detection and residue management rely on survey data. These data can then be used to train machine learning based algorithms. |
| Keywords: | remote sensing; crop residue management; conservation agriculture; tillage; Mexico; Latin America |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:173025 |
| By: | Krekel, Christian (London School of Economics); Goebel, Jan (DIW Berlin); Rehdanz, Katrin (Kiel University) |
| Abstract: | Most people consider parks important for their quality of life, yet systematic causal evidence is missing. We exploit exogenous variations in their use values to estimate causal effects. Using a representative household panel with precise geographical coordinates of households linked to satellite images of green spaces with a nationwide coverage, we employ a spatial difference-in-differences design, comparing within-individual changes between residents living close to a green space and those living further away. We exploit Covid-19 as exogenous shock. We find that green spaces raised overall life satisfaction while reducing symptoms of anxiety (feelings of nervousness and worry) and depression. There is also suggestive evidence for reduced loneliness. Given the number of people in their surroundings, a compensating-surplus calculation suggests that parks added substantial benefits during the period studied. |
| Keywords: | quasi-natural experiment, wellbeing, mental health, green spaces, parks, compensating surplus |
| JEL: | I10 I31 R23 H41 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17942 |
| By: | Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana; Nieves Carmona-González |
| Abstract: | This paper uses fractional integration methods to obtain comprehensive evidence on the evolution of the number of hot days, defined as those with temperatures above 35 °C, in 54 countries from various regions of the world over the period from 1950 to 2022. The variable analysed is a key indicator of global warming, and the chosen modelling approach is most informative about the behaviour of the series as it provides evidence on the possible presence of time trends, on whether or not mean reversion occurs, and on the degree of persistence. In brief, the findings indicate the presence of considerable heterogeneity among the countries studied and highlight the importance of tailored climate policies based on both global and local factors. |
| Keywords: | number of hot days, climate change, persistence, fractional integration |
| JEL: | C22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11925 |
| By: | Jean-Baptiste Jacouton; Djedjiga Kachenoura; Jonas David; Ulf Erlandsson |
| Abstract: | The investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies, require the mobilization of more available capital. Public development banks (PDBs) can play a key role in scaling up sustainable finance and driving transformative investments but need access to affordable, long-term funding.In this context, we assess the suitability of performance-linked debt structures, specifically sustainability-linked bonds, as a source of funding. Combining such bonds with credit enhancements, like guarantees, has the potential to reduce the cost of capital and crowd in investors – both would help to achieve sustainability goals.As an innovative solution, we propose Contingent Resilience-Linked (CORL) bonds with a partial credit enhancement that is activated if performance targets are reached. This novel concept makes it possible to address fundamental issues relating to sustainable bond markets, in particular reconciling lender/borrower incentives. Finally, CORL bonds could help mobilizing additional private capital through development banks. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en18149 |
| By: | De Martini, Santiago; Gonzalez, Juan B.; Perez-Vincent, Santiago M. |
| Abstract: | Public urban transportation systems are essential for mitigating climate change, leading policymakers to intensify efforts to boost ridership. However, there is not much evidence showing up to what extent, in regions with high crime rates like Latin America, safety perception could limit these efforts. This paper studies the impact of crime and crime perception on public transport demand across six Latin American capitals. Using a sample of 5, 160 participants, we conduct three preregistered experiments to quantify the impact of crime on public transport choices and policy preferences. In the first experiment, we estimate the willingness to pay for safety by offering participants a choice between buses with varying crime rates and fares. We find that users place a substantial premium (51% of the current bus ticket) on safer transport options. The second experiment explores the substitution effect between private and public transport, revealing that higher crime rates diminish the likelihood of choosing public transport, even when offered at a reduced fare. The third experiment examines how crime perception influences public support for different transport policies. Our results show that a higher crime perception shifts support toward crime reduction initiatives at the expense of service efficiency and environmental policies. These results highlight the need for policies that integrate safety improvements to increase public transport ridership and contribute to climate change mitigation. |
| Keywords: | Public Transportation;Crime;environmental policy effectiveness;Experiments |
| JEL: | R41 R48 C91 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14139 |
| By: | Newbery, D.; Chyong, C. K |
| Abstract: | At high penetration levels, the marginal curtailment of an extra MW of wind is typically 3+ times its average. With a portfolio of different technologies (on- and offshore wind, solar PV), an extra MW of any single technology can increase the curtailment of all technologies, increasing the marginal: average curtailment ratio and the cost of displacing fossil generation. Higher expected future capacity factors amplify this ratio. Increasing nuclear output can also cause renewable curtailment but its effect is smaller than increasing VRE to give equivalent extra output. The choice of the VRE expansion plan depends on whether the potential, average, or marginal capacity factors are used. Storage and trade significantly increase the curtailment ratio but lower delivered costs, with higher VRE penetration in neighbouring markets further amplifying curtailment. |
| Keywords: | Variable Renewable Electricity, Marginal Curtailment, Least-Cost Expansion |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2526 |
| By: | Timothy F. Power; Roman G. Smirnov |
| Abstract: | The aggregate Cobb-Douglas production function stands as a central element in the renowned Solow-Swan model in economics, providing a crucial theoretical framework for comprehending the determinants of economic growth. This model not only guides policymakers and economists but also influences their decisions, fostering sustainable and inclusive development. In this study, we utilize a one-input version of a new generalization of the Cobb-Douglas production function proposed recently, thereby extending the Solow-Swan model to incorporate energy production as a factor. We offer a rationale for this extension and conduct a comprehensive analysis employing advanced mathematical tools to explore solutions to this new model. This approach allows us to effectively integrate environmental considerations related to energy production into economic growth strategies, fostering long-term sustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.10864 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Isabelle Piot-Lepetit (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fatima El Hadad-Gauthier (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Keywords: | Business models, Digitalisation, Agroecology, Circular economy, Agrifood value chains |
| Date: | 2025–01–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05078590 |
| By: | Torres, Daniela |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81340 |
| By: | Beat Hintermann; Beaumont Schoemann; Joseph Molloy; Thomas Götschi; Alberto Castro; Christopher Tchervenkov; Uros Tomic; Kay W. Axhausen |
| Abstract: | We implement Pigovian transport pricing in a field experiment in urban agglomerations of Switzerland over the course of 8 weeks. Our pricing considers the external costs from climate damages, health outcomes from pollution, accidents and physical activity, and congestion. It varies across time, space and mode of transport and is deducted from a budget provided to GPS-tracked participants. The treatment reduces the external costs of transport by 4.6% during the course of the experiment. The main underlying mechanism is a shift away from driving towards other modes, such as public transport, walking and cycling. Providing information about the external costs of transport alone is insufficient to change the transport behavior for the sample majority. We compute the welfare improvement due to mode shift to be 77 Swiss francs (or US dollars) per person and year, and that a fuel tax would achieve 70% of this gain. |
| Keywords: | transport pricing, Pigovian taxation, mobility, transportation, external costs, congestion, GPS-tracking |
| JEL: | H23 H31 I18 Q52 Q54 R41 R48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11871 |
| By: | Raphaël Tournoy (CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Céline Barthonnat (CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Camille Fontvieille (CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Agnès Magron (CCSD - Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Hélène Lowinger (INRIA-IES - Information et Édition Scientifiques - DCIS - Direction de la Culture et de l’Information Scientifiques - Inria Siège - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique); Emmanuelle Perrin (INRIA-IES - Information et Édition Scientifiques - DCIS - Direction de la Culture et de l’Information Scientifiques - Inria Siège - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique); Ariane Rolland (IF - Institut Fourier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Episciences represents an innovative and sustainable approach to Diamond Open Access (OA) publishing through its overlay journal platform. As a pioneer in the overlay journal ecosystem, Episciences demonstrates how diverse funding streams can create a resilient economic foundation for Diamond OA publishing while strengthening the scholarly commons through an academic-led, academic-funded model that is not profit-driven. Episciences' sustainability is anchored in a multi-layered funding approach that distributes financial responsibility across various stakeholders: - foundational institutional support, - infrastructure efficiency, - project-Based funding, - journal-Specific support, - community contributions and collective Funding. |
| Keywords: | Scholarly journals, Diamond open access, Economic model |
| Date: | 2025–06–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05096592 |
| By: | Raimi, Daniel (Resources for the Future); Prest, Brian C. (Resources for the Future); Thompson, Alexandra (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the results of a multi-year collaborative research project between the authors, several other researchers, and the Southern Ute Indian Tribe, a natural gas-producing Tribe whose Reservation sits near the “Four Corners” region of southwestern Colorado. In this collaboration, we worked with the Tribe to inform their decision-making about future energy development by producing multiple scenarios depicting the potential for natural gas, wind, and solar development on their Reservation. We find that natural gas production on the Reservation—absent the development of new shale formations—declines under all scenarios through 2050, as do associated Tribal revenues. We also find that solar—but not wind—development may be economically viable on parts of the Reservation. Along with these quantitative results, we believe that our collaborative research approach may serve as a model for other scholars who wish to work with Tribal nations within the United States as they seek to ensure their sovereignty in a changing energy landscape. |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-25-18 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui |
| Abstract: | Sustainable food systems provide enough quality, healthy, and affordable food to all without imposing a burden on planetary and social boundaries. By this standard, it is quite clear that food systems in many countries are not sustainable as they generate substantial environmental, social, and health costs while failing to provide affordable food to all (FAO et al., 2020). This implies the need to have a good understanding of the extent to which those externalities are present in country specific food systems. The key challenge is that such externalities are not reflected in market prices (Baker et al., 2020), being therefore hidden factors to drivers of choices by market players, as the link between market activity and those social and environmental harms is not directly visible or reflected in the incentives that drive economic systems (UNFSS, 2021). Internalizing the externalities of the food systems will require the full estimation of costs, including the measurement of externalities through “True Cost Accounting” (TCA) approaches. This document provides the analytical framework for the application of approaches in a research study to measure the true costs of food in Kenya and Vietnam. It focuses on: o Key research questions, their relevance, and policy implications o How the TCA analytical framework fits in The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework o Country selection and geographic focus – national, sub-national o Data requirements for estimating the true costs, including household surveys, workers’ surveys, externally compiled Global Impact Database (GID), and monetization factors. o A step-by-step process for estimating the true costs in the study area and country level GID analysis. |
| Keywords: | food; food systems; sustainability; markets; prices; Kenya; Vietnam; Asia; Africa; Eastern Africa; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:148762 |
| By: | Paul Dutronc-Postel (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Arthur Guillouzouic (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Clément Malgouyres (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - GENES - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Rachel Paya (ESSEC Business School, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Laurent Bach (ESSEC Business School) |
| Abstract: | Présentation Qui sont les entreprises françaises qui contribuent le plus aux émissions de CO2 de l'industrie française, et quelles sont leurs caractéristiques ? Quels dispositifs de réduction des émissions de CO2 s'appliquent à elles, et selon quelles modalités ? Quel rôle insoupçonné peuvent avoir les outils fiscaux généraux, a priori sans visée environnementale ? Cette note répond successivement à ces trois questions, et propose un premier cadre d'analyse pour l'évaluation ex ante des mesures de politiques publiques à destination des entreprises. Nous documentons la distribution de l'intensité carbone dans le tissu industriel français, ainsi que les tarifications effectives du carbone auxquelles sont soumis différents types d'entreprises. Enfin, nous examinons le ciblage carbone implicite de différents dispositifs fiscaux sans visée environnementale. Résultats clés Les émissions de CO2 du secteur industriel sont extrêmement concentrées ; 10 % de la valeur ajoutée représentent 75 % des émissions de CO2. Cette forte concentration est en grande partie tirée par des effets sectoriels ; la métallurgie, la chimie, les minéraux métalliques (comme le ciment), et le papier/carton sont les secteurs les plus intenses en CO2. Deux grands régimes de tarification effective du CO2 cohabitent dans l'industrie : celle des établissements soumis au marché du carbone (SCEQE, 70 % des émissions), dont la tarification effective augmente avec le temps ; et celle des établissements hors SCEQE (30 % des émissions), gelée de 2018 à 2024. En 2019, la tarification effective du CO2 des entreprises les plus émettrices est plus faible (31€/tCO2e) que celle des entreprises les moins émettrices (47€/tCO2e). En 2022, elle est plus élevée (84€/tCO2e contre 60€/tCO2e). L'allocation de quotas gratuits, dont le volume représente, en 2022, 90 % des émissions réalisées par le secteur industriel, abaisse considérablement le poids effectif du marché carbone pour les entreprises qui y sont soumises. Par leur ciblage implicite, les dispositifs fiscaux sans visée environnementale peuvent avoir un effet sur les émissions industrielles totales. En 2019, le niveau de la contribution économique territoriale (les « impôts de production », fortement allégés dans le plan France Relance) est substantiellement plus élevé pour les 10 % des entreprises les plus intenses en CO2 (3 % de la valeur ajoutée), que pour les 10 % les moins intenses (1, 2 %). Une suppression de ces impôts bénéficie donc davantage aux entreprises très émettrices. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04439232 |
| By: | Heuer, Felix; Sommer, Stephan |
| Abstract: | Huge low-carbon investments are required to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement. However, one obstacle for these investments may be public opposition to the installment of low-carbon technology due to high perceived net costs. In this paper, we analyze the local net costs of both wind turbines and PV farms, employing a hedonic price analysis on the universe of housing ads from German's largest online real estate platform for the period spanning from 2009 to 2021. Beyond estimating average treatment effects, we focus on distance and intensity specific effects of wind turbines and PV farms on property prices. Moreover, we add to the existing literature by estimating the effect not only of the nearest energy facility. We find that wind turbines exhibit a negative effect of 1.8-1.9% on property prices that fades out after 3 km of distance. This effect seems to become larger the more wind turbines are installed in the proximity of a property. PV farms reduce property prices more locally only up to a 2 km distance by 1.9%. |
| Abstract: | Um die Ziele des Pariser Abkommens zu erreichen, sind enorme Investitionen in kohlenstoffarme Technologien erforderlich. Ein Hindernis für diese Investitionen könnte jedoch die Ablehnung der Öffentlichkeit gegenüber der Einführung kohlenstoffarmer Technologien aufgrund der hohen wahrgenommenen Nettokosten sein. In diesem Beitrag analysieren wir die lokalen Nettokosten von Windkraftanlagen und Photovoltaikparks anhand einer hedonischen Preisanalyse der Wohnungsanzeigen auf Deutschlands größter Online-Immobilienplattform für den Zeitraum von 2009 bis 2021. Über die Schätzung der durchschnittlichen Behandlungseffekte hinaus konzentrieren wir uns auf die abstands- und intensitätsspezifischen Auswirkungen von Windkraftanlagen und Photovoltaikparks auf die Immobilienpreise. Darüber hinaus ergänzen wir die bestehende Literatur, indem wir nicht nur die Auswirkungen der nächstgelegenen Energieanlage schätzen. Wir stellen fest, dass Windkraftanlagen einen negativen Effekt von 1, 8-1, 9 % auf die Immobilienpreise haben, der nach einer Entfernung von 3 km abklingt. Dieser Effekt scheint umso größer zu werden, je mehr Windkraftanlagen in der Nähe einer Immobilie installiert sind. PV-Parks senken die Immobilienpreise lokal nur bis zu einer Entfernung von 2 km um 1, 9 %. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy, hedonic prices, heterogeneity |
| JEL: | Q21 D12 R31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:319072 |
| By: | Dorothy Bantasan; Nicolas Charette; Martino Pelli; Jeanne Tschopp |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events, like tropical storms, pose significant threats to economies by damaging infrastructure and disrupting human capital development. This study examines the economic impacts of storms in India using microdata. We leverage estimates of storm impact on physical assets and educational attainment from the economic literature to compute a back-of-the-envelope approximation of the financial impact of storms. Using wind, firm, and demographic information, we estimate that, in 2021, damage to fixed assets reached USD2.8 billion and losses in sales in manufacturing totaled USD14.5 billion. On the other hand, the reduction in lifetime earnings due to lower educational attainment amounted to approximately USD25.0 billion. These findings highlight the importance of targeted resilience policies to mitigate the economic risks of extreme weather events. Les événements météorologiques extrêmes, comme les tempêtes tropicales, menacent gravement les économies en endommageant les infrastructures et en perturbant le développement du capital humain. À partir de microdonnées, nous analysons les impacts économiques des cyclones en Inde. En nous basant sur des estimations provenant de la littérature économique sur les effets des cyclones sur les actifs physiques et la scolarisation, nous approximons leur coût financier. En combinant des données sur la vitesse des vents, les entreprises et la démographie, nous estimons qu’en 2021 les dommages aux immobilisations ont atteint 2, 8 milliards USD, tandis que les pertes de revenus dans le secteur manufacturier ont totalisé 14, 5 milliards USD. De plus, l’impact sur les niveaux de scolarisation a réduit les revenus cumulés à vie d’environ 25 milliards USD. Ces résultats rappellent l’importance de politiques de résilience ciblées afin de limiter les risques économiques liés aux événements météorologiques extrêmes. |
| Keywords: | storms, India, economic impacts, human capital, firms, capital, tempêtes, Inde, impacts économiques, capital humain, entreprises, capital |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-16 |
| By: | Bruns, Bryan; Khadka, Manohara; KC, Sumitra; Rauniyar, Amrita |
| Abstract: | Groundwater is a crucial source of water for domestic use and increasingly used for irrigation in the southern Terai region of Nepal. However, increasing groundwater extraction and other changes are depleting groundwater levels. Well drillers interviewed in Barahathawa said that water used to be available at 35 feet below the surface but now in some places they have to go to 60 feet or more for reliable water. This is an example of problems and the need for better institutions to govern a shared, invisible, and often poorly understood resource. Groundwater crop-choice games are part of a toolbox of activities that can help people learn and work together to improve groundwater governance. This brief presents lessons and implications from an initial exercise with groundwater games in Barahathawa Municipality in Madhesh Province in Nepal. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; governance; groundwater; irrigation; Nepal; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:162554 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Warner, James; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Rwanda’s vulnerability to economic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Rwandan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Key findings suggest that domestic root and cereal yield volatility risks are the most important for GDP, poverty, and undernourishment outcomes, while external factors like world energy prices pose the most significant risks to high-income households’ consumption. Understanding how possible shocks would impact various segments of the Rwandan economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | risk assessment; climate; shock; economic shock; market prices; computable general equilibrium models; machine learning; agriculture; crop yield; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168183 |
| By: | Gardeazabal Monsalve, Andrea; Jumbe, Ellestina |
| Abstract: | The CGIAR Digital Innovation Initiative (2022–2024) is a transformative effort to leverage digital technologies in addressing critical challenges in global agrifood systems. By emphasizing inclusivity, sustainability, and scalability, the initiative has made significant strides across five key outcomes: strengthened ecosystems, improved digital skills, equitable resource allocation, gender-responsive services, and robust information systems. This report synthesizes evidence from case studies, documentation reviews, and stakeholder interviews, showcasing innovations such as Digital Twins, AI-powered advisory platforms, and gender-inclusive digital services. Findings demonstrate substantial impacts, such as empowering women and youth through gender-inclusive digital services, improving digital literacy, and enabling equitable resource management in climate vulnerable regions through advanced tools. However, embedding digital innovations effectively and efficiently in land, water, and food systems remains a complex and context-specific challenge. The results highlight the need for ongoing research, testing, and validation to address the particularities of agri-food systems, such as data integration, socio-cultural barriers, and stakeholder diversity. Recommendations emphasize building on existing successes, expanding digital ecosystems, and fostering partnerships to secure long-term impact and sustainability. |
| Keywords: | digital innovation; case studies; information and communication technologies; scaling up; sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:170255 |
| By: | Howai, Niko; Balcombe, Kelvin; Robinson, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | Governments have long faced potential trade-offs between economic development and protecting nature. This is particularly true for tropical and sub-tropical islands where most mangroves are found. Motivated by Trinidad and Tobago’s central government’s prior hotel development plans, we employ a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to investigate residents’ preferences for mangrove ecosystem services (ES) in the Bon Accord Lagoon and Buccoo Bay, Tobago. Preferences were investigated in the context of a trade-off between conserving mangroves and promoting economic development through a hypothetical hotel project in the study area. We use a Hierarchical Bayesian Logit Model, exploring two distinct payment horizons, 5 and 25-years, undertaken independently and also merged in models that allow for choice certainty and individual characteristics. We find that respondents have consistent willingness-to-pay (WTP) for mangrove ES and exhibit general insensitivity to the payment horizons due to perceived disbenefits associated with mangrove loss from hotel development. The DCE and ex-post (follow-up) interviews suggest that there is strong public support for policies aimed at long-term protection of mangroves |
| Keywords: | discrete choice experiment; ecosystem services; payment horizons; choice certainty; ex-post interviews; Hierarchical Bayesian Logit; mangroves |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128167 |
| By: | Soukayna El Ouali (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | This article explores efforts to institutionalize social responsibility within higher education institutions, based on a qualitative study conducted with fourteen French universities and grandes écoles with the DD&RS label (sustainable development and social and environmental responsibility). Through content analysis of interviews, this research reveals the dynamic nature of the institutional work required for effective USR integration, encompassing structural, conceptual, operational, relational, emotional, and extra-institutional elements. The study highlights the pivotal role of relational and emotional work in overcoming resistance to change, as well as the importance of extra-institutional work in enhancing the visibility of social responsibility initiatives. By offering an integrated vision of institutional commitment to USR, this article contributes to rethinking strategies for integrating social responsibility into higher education institutions. |
| Abstract: | Cet article explore les efforts d'institutionnalisation de la responsabilité sociale au sein des établissements d'enseignement supérieur en s'appuyant sur une étude qualitative menée auprès de 14 universités et grandes écoles françaises labellisées Développement durable et responsabilité sociétale et environnementale (DD&RSE). À travers l'analyse de contenu des entretiens, cette recherche dévoile la nature dynamique du travail institutionnel requis pour une intégration efficace de la RSU, englobant les dimensions structurelles, conceptuelles, opérationnelles, relationnelles, émotionnelles et extra-institutionnelles. La recherche met en lumière le rôle pivot du travail relationnel et émotionnel pour surmonter les résistances au changement, ainsi que l'importance du travail extra-institutionnel dans l'amélioration de la visibilité des initiatives de responsabilité sociale. En proposant une vision intégrée de l'engagement institutionnel envers la RSU, cet article contribue à repenser les stratégies d'intégration de la responsabilité sociale dans les établissements du supérieur. |
| Keywords: | Higher education, SDSR, Social responsibility, USR, institutional work, Enseignement supérieur, label DD&, RS, responsabilité sociale, RSU, travail institutionnel, Sciences Sociales |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05077207 |
| By: | Daniel Jacobi; Elizabeth M. King; Claudio Montenegro; Peter F. Orazem |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of good governance, ethnic diversity, and exposure to environmental risks on the returns to human capital. To estimate country-level returns to education and experience, the analysis uses labor force and household surveys spanning 33 years and from 145 countries at various stages of economic development. The findings indicate that better governance and greater ethnic diversity are associated with both higher returns to human capital and lower overall income inequality, with narrower wage gaps between men and women. Both urban and rural residents benefit similarly from stronger institutions. Quantile regressions also reveal that stronger socioeconomic institutions help lift incomes at the bottom of the distribution relative to the top, leading to lower overall inequality in well-governed and more diverse countries. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lis:liswps:898 |
| By: | Ouafae El Ganaoui Mourlan (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); El Hadj Miliani (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Meryem Moussadeq (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School); Bilal Kabalan (LICIT-Eco7 - Laboratoire d’Ingénierie Circulation Transport et Éco-gestion des systèmes énergétiques pour les transports - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | As electric mobility gains popularity, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their batteries are becoming more attractive due to their size and energy density advantages. However, the electric grid has not undergone similar improvements, potentially impacting power stability and affecting EV energy usage and availability. The key challenge lies in managing increasing power demands from a fully EV fleet. To address this, efforts are needed to analyze the integration of EVs into the grid and optimize power distribution. In this paper, an innovative Energy Management Strategy (EMS) is proposed to effectively control energy loads, energy sources, and EVs, incorporating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) capability. The EMS optimizes energy flow and storage based on time of day, potential energy production, and the cost of grid electricity. The integration of this EMS results in significant benefits, with approximately 12% savings in electricity bills compared to a reference strategy. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles, Renewable energy sources, Vehicle-to-grid, Smart grid, Microgrid, Energy management strategy, Optimization |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05075708 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Duchoslav, Jan; Kankwamba, Henry; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Malawi’s vulnerability to economic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Malawian Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and ma-chine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Key findings sug-gest that domestic cereals and oilseeds yield volatility risks are the most important for the uncertainty of total GDP and consumption across all household types except rural low-income households. Rural low-income households’ consumption and poverty are exposed to a wide range of risks, including production volatility of livestock, yield volatility of oilseeds, cereals, vegetables and world market price of beverage crops. Finally, for undernourishment outcomes, volatility in the yields of staple cereals is the dominant risk factor for all household types. Understanding how possible shocks would impact various segments of the Malawian economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; poverty; nutrition; crop yield; machine learning; climate; Malawi; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168174 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Thurlow, James; Dorosh, Paul A.; Jones, Eleanor |
| Abstract: | This study explores Nepal’s vulnerability to economic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. Our analysis is based on an empirically based estimation of the probability distribution of these shocks and a machine learning summary of several thousand simulations of their impacts using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Nepal. In this way, we are able to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncer-tainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Our findings indicate that, given the very high import intensity of the economy, world market price and foreign exchange (FX) flow volatility have the largest impact on household welfare (consumption, poverty and undernour-ishment). However, domestic yield volatility, especially cereal yield volatility, is the most important risk to Nepal’s GDP. However, Overall, these findings suggest that risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors, can have major benefits for Nepal’s households and the overall economy. |
| Keywords: | risk assessment; climate; shock; economic shock; market prices; computable general equilibrium models; machine learning; agriculture; crop yield; Nepal; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168723 |
| By: | Yue Gao; Jing Zhang |
| Abstract: | Smart grids enable the alignment of energy supply and demand, enhance energy efficiency, and raise consumer awareness of energy conservation. Smart meter, a vital technological component of smart grids, enables bidirectional communication between consumers and utility companies. This paper employs the two-stage least squares panel data model to examine the effects of federal funding and state legislative actions on smart meter adoption and the resulting energy efficiency savings in the residential sector of the United States. Additionally, we use machine learning techniques to select the subset of control variables that are influential for smart meter adoption and energy efficiency savings. The findings suggest that both federal financial assistance and state legislative actions have positive effects on smart meter adoption, and the interaction of federal funding and state policy interventions have a significantly greater effect on adoption as compared to the sum of the individual policy instrument alone. Furthermore, there exists a positive association between the adoption rate and energy efficiency savings. This study presents empirical evidence that underscores the significance of multi-level governance as an effective means for policy integration regarding smart meter adoptions, and it discusses the policy implications for grid modernization and environmental policies. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.05596 |
| By: | Robin Middelanis; Bramka Arga Jafino; Ruth Hill; Minh Cong Nguyen; Stephane Hallegatte |
| Abstract: | Most disaster risk assessments use damages to physical assets as their central metric, often neglecting distributional impacts and the coping and recovery capacity of affected people. To address this shortcoming, the concepts of well-being losses and socio-economic resilience—the ability to experience asset losses without a decline in well-being—have been proposed. This paper uses microsimulations to produce a global estimate of well-being losses from, and socio-economic resilience to, natural disasters, covering 132 countries. On average, each $1 in disaster-related asset losses results in well-being losses equivalent to a $2 uniform national drop in consumption, with significant variation within and across countries. The poorest income quintile within each country incurs only 9% of national asset losses but accounts for 33% of well-being losses. Compared to high-income countries, low-income countries experience 67% greater well-being losses per dollar of asset losses and require 56% more time to recover. Socio-economic resilience is uncorrelated with exposure or vulnerability to natural hazards. However, a 10 percent increase in GDP per capita is associated with a 0.9 percentage point gain in resilience, but this benefit arises indirectly—such as through higher rate of formal employment, better financial inclusion, and broader social protection coverage—rather than from higher income itself. This paper assess ten pol icy options and finds that socio-economic and financial interventions (such as insurance and social protection) can effectively complement asset-focused measures (e.g., construction standards) and that interventions targeting low-income populations usually have higher returns in terms of avoided well-being losses per dollar invested. |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11129 |
| By: | Namugumya, Brenda S.; Abedin, Jainal; Herens, Marion |
| Abstract: | Strengthening the multidisciplinary capabilities necessary to accelerate food systems transformation has garnered increased interest over the past decade. A capabilities assessment was done with the Strategic Partners of the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation in Bangladesh to understand their abilities to facilitate transformative changes towards sustainable healthy diets. Both Strategic Partners, the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) and the Bangladesh National Nutrition Council (BNNC), have long histories and well-established structures for collaboration and coordination with diverse stakeholders to realize the nutrition-focused (BNNC) and the food-related (FPMU) ambitions of the Government of Bangladesh. They are engaged in food and/or nutrition policy development, governance of the sectors, and monitoring progress at both national and sub-national levels. Using a capability assessment tool tailored to capturing food systems transformation capabilities at organizational level, the capabilities to deliver results and adapt and self-renew were the highest scored for FPMU. BNNC scored more on the capabilities to achieve coherence and to relate to support food systems transformation higher. However, food systems transformation and sustainable healthy diets emerged as relatively new concepts in both organizations. It was acknowledged that whereas the current mandates of BNNC and FPMU may address issues relevant for sustainable healthy diets, to date this still lacks adequate translation into the current policy development and planning operations and has no intentional prioritization. Both teams underscored the urgency to invest in human resources and institutional capacity strengthening as well as earmarking finances to pursue food systems transformation agendas. Becoming more articulated and explicit about what comprises food systems change, what are sustainable healthy diets and what could be monitored is crucial to support the Strategic Partners to have tangible actions to track. Moving from food system narratives to specific actions will facilitate understanding of what is, or needs to be, monitored. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; sustainability; healthy diets; food systems; Bangladesh; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:169013 |
| By: | Simone Borghesi; Phoebe Koundouri (Dept. of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business); Linda Nostbakken |
| Abstract: | The current US administration's actions have increasingly undermined academic freedom and environmental research, posing significant challenges not only domestically but also globally. This commentary provides a European perspective on the consequences of these developments for scientific inquiry, data availability, and evidence-based policymaking. While our US colleagues document the direct harms within the United States, we emphasize how European researchers and institutions can respond constructively. We discuss strategies for mitigating the impact of reduced US leadership in environmental economics, including strengthening transatlantic collaboration, safeguarding open data, and advancing independent research. Ultimately, we argue that Europe has a critical role to play in sustaining scientific rigor and policy relevance in the face of political disruptions abroad. |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2539 |
| By: | Sandra Rozo; Grossman, Guy |
| Abstract: | Forced displacement has reached unprecedented levels, with more than 120 million individuals displaced globally as of 2024 due to conflict, violence, climate change, and human rights violations. These crises are increasingly protracted, characterized by low return rates, and demand a shift from hosting models solely funded through humanitarian aid to financially sustainable, medium- to long-term strategies. This VoxDevLit synthesizes quantitative research conducted between 2010 and 2024, focusing on studies that use experimental or quasi-experimental methods to examine (1) the impacts of forced displacement on host communities and (2) the effectiveness of policies designed to support both forcibly displaced populations and their hosts. Key insights from this body of work indicate that forced displacement inflows generally exert neutral effects on native employment and wages, although vulnerable native workers—particularly those in the informal sector—may initially face challenges. Investments in inclusive social protection services that benefit both displaced populations and host communities can alleviate pressures and foster social cohesion. Additionally, cash transfers enhance immediate well-being and are most effective in the medium run when paired with initiatives that promote the economic self-reliance of forcibly displaced populations. Granting refugees the right to work has demonstrated transformative impacts on economic and well-being outcomes, while also providing a financially sustainable solution for hosting refugees over the medium to long term. Finally, addressing the mental health challenges faced by forcibly displaced populations is critical to enable them to recover their lives. This review underscores the importance of transitioning from humanitarian aid to self-reliance models, closing policy implementation gaps, and tailoring interventions to local contexts. |
| Date: | 2025–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11123 |
| By: | Chen, Xiaodong; Lei, Haidong; Wang, Chaowei (Loughborough Business School); Zhou, Peng (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University) |
| Abstract: | This research aims to investigate the causal relationships among collaborative innovation, R&D human capital, and sustainable innovation, with a focus on the mediating role of R&D human capital. Design/methodology/approach – Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies (2009–2022), we first establish a strong causal link between collaborative innovation and sustainable innovation. We then uncover a masking effect of R&D human capital in this relationship. Grouped and quantile regressions explore how this effect varies by cooperation type, firm size, and industry. Findings – Collaborative innovation promotes sustainable innovation through R&D human capital, although this effect is slightly dampened by a masking mechanism. The positive effect is significant in inter-firm collaborations but not in industry-university partnerships, and it is more pronounced for firms with lower R&D levels. Practical implications – Firms may benefit from HR sharing. Policymakers should support HR integration to improve innovation quality and sustainability. Originality/value – This is the first study to highlight the mediating role of R&D human capital in linking collaborative innovation to sustainability. We show that excessive focus on output quantity may hinder sustainable progress. |
| Keywords: | open innovation; R&D human capital; sustainable innovation; mediation effect; industry-university-research |
| JEL: | O32 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2025/12 |
| By: | Anne Épaulard (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, EUREQUA - Equipe Universitaire de Recherche en Economie Quantitative - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Gissela Landa (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Valentin Laprie (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | La Ville de Paris, comme d'autres villes en France, s'est dotée d'un plan climat ambitieux. En cohérence avec l'objectif national et européen, ce plan vise à la neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050. Compte tenu des spécificités de chaque territoire en termes de climat, de bâti et d'organisation de la ville et des transports, une réflexion sur les actions à mener au niveau local – en sus des actions décidées au niveau national – est incontournable. Nous évaluons ici les coûts et les bénéfices liés à la décarbonation de Paris en considérant l'ensemble des parties prenantes (la Ville de Paris, les ménages, les entreprises, les bailleurs sociaux, ainsi que l'État et des opérateurs). La décarbonation nécessite des changements de comportements en termes de mobilité, des investissements importants pour la rénovation thermique des bâtiments (isolation et système de chauffage) et des investissements dans des véhicules électriques. Par rapport à un scénario tendanciel dans lequel les émissions de CO2 diminuent trop lentement pour atteindre l'objectif d'émissions nettes nulles en 2050, ces actions requièrent des investissements supplémentaires de l'ordre de 2 milliards d'euros par an d'ici 2030, puis de 1, 5 milliard par an à l'horizon 2050. Les économies sur les factures énergétiques ne suffisent pas à rentabiliser ces investissements (sauf à considérer un renchérissement important du prix des énergies fossiles par rapport à l'électricité décarbonée). Cependant, les actions de décarbonation offrent des cobénéfices liés notamment à une meilleure qualité de l'air et à la réduction des embouteillages. La prise en compte de ces co-bénéfices, en plus de la réduction de la facture énergétique, assure la rentabilité sociale des actions de décarbonation. Le partage des coûts d'investissements se pose cependant, notamment pour la rénovation des logements privés compte tenu de la faiblesse des rendements financiers pour les ménages, de leurs contraintes de financement et de l'organisation en copropriété. Les investissements nécessaires à la décarbonation créeront des emplois, particulièrement dans le secteur du bâtiment. La disponibilité d'une main-d'oeuvre qualifiée et bien formée dans la rénovation énergétique est cruciale à l'échelle régionale. Toutefois, des obstacles freinent ces investissements et l'atteinte de performances énergétiques élevées : des intérêts divergents entre propriétaires et locataires, le manque de disponibilités financières des ménages ou les difficultés d'accès au crédit et les asymétries d'information entre experts du bâtiment et propriétaires non spécialistes. Les autorités locales peuvent atténuer ces barrières grâce à des politiques ciblées. |
| Date: | 2025–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05067638 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Kyle, Jordan; Kosec, Katrina; Raghunathan, Kalyani |
| Abstract: | Expanding women’s voice and agency (VA) within governance and decision-making has increasingly been recognized as necessary for promoting women’s welfare, community development, and inclusive food systems. VA are critical components of gender equality, in addition to access to resources and economic opportunities. While agency relates to an individual’s ability to make meaningful choices (our specific focus is on choices made beyond the household), voice within community governance and decision-making relates to an individual’s ability to play a public role in decision-making processes that affect one’s life. Exercising VA within community governance and decision-making involves having a meaningful say in the public sphere. Women’s VA within communities may strengthen resilience, increase women’s access to essential resources, improve women’s decision-making power in various domains including the household, and facilitate broader social networks for women. Sustainable Development Goal five on gender equality specifically targets the full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership for women at all levels of political life. However, gender gaps in VA are persistent. These gaps can be further aggravated by adverse external shocks, such as climate uncertainty and conflicts, which can impact resources, capital, and economic opportunities and which are often disproportionately harmful to women. |
| Keywords: | decision making; gender; governance; politics; women; gender gap; climate change; India; Asia; Southern Asia; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024–08–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:151738 |
| By: | Germà Bel (GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Joël Bühler (GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | We study how the privatisation of urban water is being challenged in Catalonia, which has a high proportion of private management and a high degree of monopolisation in the water contract market, compared to Spain. We use detailed and up-to-date municipal data to study the dynamics of monopolisation and remunicipalisation. We find that remunicipalisation, rather than potential competition for contracts, is a remedy against monopolisation. Inter-municipal cooperation in Catalonia facilitated the implementation of remunicipalisation in smaller municipalities. In addition, we analyse the democratisation of water management following remunicipalisation and find that progress was modest, both in Catalonia and in Spain. |
| Keywords: | Privatisation; Monopolisation; Remunicipalisation; Cooperation; Democratisation; Commons. JEL classification: B50, D42, H42, L33. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202503 |
| By: | Francesco de Cunzo; Aurelio Patelli; Angelica Sbardella; Andrea Tacchella |
| Abstract: | This paper presents new evidence on how countries are innovating in response to the growing strategic importance of critical raw materials (CRMs). Using millions of patent abstracts from the PATSTAT database, we apply a large language model (LLM) to classify CRM-related inventions into four functional roles: use, refine, recycle, and remove. A fifth category, wrong, flags false positives and improves classification accuracy. This approach moves beyond simple patent counts by identifying the specific roles CRMs play in technological development, enabling a more nuanced view of innovation strategies. Our classification reveals a significant increase in CRM-related innovation over the past two decades, with notable variation across materials, functions, and countries. While use-related patents remain dominant, recent growth in recycle and remove functions points to a shifting emphasis on circularity. Geographically, China leads across all functions, while an upward trend in recycling activity is observed across several advanced economies. A panel data analysis reveals that innovation in refining, recycling, and removing CRMs is positively associated with innovation in their use, suggesting functional complementarities that can enable both technological progress and more sustainable material strategies. These findings have important implications for policy, highlighting the value of supporting functionally diverse CRM innovation, fostering international coordination, and adopting tools for real-time innovation monitoring. By combining text mining with AI-driven functional classification of patented inventions, this study offers a scalable method for tracking material-related innovation and informing policies aimed at sustainability and technological resilience. |
| Keywords: | Critical Raw Materials, Green and Digital Technologies, Large Language Models, Text Mining |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2516 |
| By: | Jeroen Struben (EM - EMLyon Business School); Derek Chan; Byomkesh Talukder; Laurette Dubé |
| Abstract: | Achieving food system transformation requires a deep understanding of the market mechanisms that underpin both the social benefits and the externalities of modern development. We examine how market dynamics affect the production and consumption of healthy and equitable diets in North America. Using causal loop diagramming, we show how three market feedback processes (industry capabilities, consumer category considerations, and systems and institutions) both constrain and enable food system transformation. Through behavioral-dynamic computational modeling, we demonstrate the ineffectiveness of isolated social or commercial interventions to achieve equitable access to nutritious foods across populations of varying socioeconomic statuses. Rather, self-sustaining transformations at scale require convergent innovations that bridge individual and collective action across typically siloed sectors, to achieve alignment between commercial, social, and environmental goals and activities. We discuss how this simulation-based analytical framework can inform policy for food system transformation, whether at the local, national, or global level. |
| Date: | 2025–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05083052 |
| By: | Ferrer, Jimy |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81329 |
| By: | Evaluator 2 |
| Abstract: | This is an excellent, thorough, and well-written paper on an important topic of urban greenery and health. The methodology builds on well-established methods and is convincing with ample placebo and robustness checks. The authors could further improve policy impact by expanding on the external validity of these findings by describing, exploring, and empirically characterizing the setting and MMP further: what contributes to its success, what greenery is used, and how is the greenery planted? |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:e2urbanforests |
| By: | Germà Bel (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics (Public Policy Section) and GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Joël Bühler (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics (Public Policy Section) and GiM-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we estimate the causal effect of the Door-to-Door waste collection policy on the separate collection of plastic waste in Catalonia. We use municipality-level data on the share of separately collected plastics and apply a Difference-in-Differences framework. We can demonstrate that Door-to-Door increased the share of separated plastics by around 75% compared to untreated units at the end of the sample period. Furthermore, our suggestive evidence indicates that there are no differences of Door-to-Door designs with source-separation of plastics from other recyclable waste components compared to those where plastics are collected with other materials and separated post-source. These findings highlight that Door-to-Door can be a highly effective measure to increase separate collection of plastics, a precondition for ambitious plastics recycling goals legislated by policy makers. |
| Keywords: | Plastic waste; Door-to-Door; Recycling; Catalonia. JEL classification: K23, L65, Q53. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202410 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Mbuthia, Juneweenex; Omune, Lensa; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Kenya’s vulnerability to economic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Kenyan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of po-tential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture do-mestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Key findings suggest that domestic yield volatility is the key risk factor for GDP, urban consumption and poverty, while external risks, partic-ularly world beverage crop prices, are more significant for rural consumption and poverty. As the majority of those below the poverty line are rural farmers, world beverage price volatility is the top risk for national poverty levels. Finally, for undernourishment outcomes, domestic cereal yield volatility is the dominant risk factor for all household types. Understanding how possible shocks would impact various segments of the Kenyan economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | climate; shock; market prices; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; crop yield; poverty; nutrition; machine learning; risk assessment; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168180 |
| By: | Leïla Damak (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Amina Béji-Bécheur (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Danielle Pailler (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Aïda Robbana (UN-Habitat) |
| Keywords: | théories du care, droits culturels, développement territorial insulaire, participation citoyenne, valorisation des ressources locales, tourisme responsable |
| Date: | 2025–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05088736 |
| By: | Rocchi Paola; Reynes Frederic; Hu Jinxue; Pedauga Luis (European Commission - JRC); Cai Mattia; Boonman Hettie; Rueda Jose Manuel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The FIDELIO (Fully Interregional Dynamic Econometric Long-term Input-Output) model is a flexible, multi-region, multi-sector, input-output model developed by the Joint Research Centre to assess socio-economic and environmental impacts of EU trade and industrial policies. It covers 45 countries, one rest-of-the-world region, 64 economic sectors and 64 products. Its modular structure allows integration of various economic behaviours and policy assumptions, bridging input-output, econometric, and general equilibrium approaches together. This report first provides an overview of FIDELIO and its key features (Section 2), then presents all model equations (Section 3) and the data used for calibration (Section 4). Finally, it details the econometric analysis carried out to estimate the coefficients of the consumption block (Section 5). |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141957 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | La identificación, análisis y gestión de los impactos acumulativos son fundamentales para evaluar los impactos ambientales de los proyectos de inversión desde un punto de vista integral. Las diversas dinámicas asociadas a estos impactos y su consideración facilita examinar y gestionar en forma conjunta obras, actividades y proyectos en un área determinada. Por ello, considerar los impactos desde un punto de vista integral permite que se desarrollen estrategias y se formulen planes de gestión que prevengan, eviten, minimicen, restauren y compensen los impactos presentes y futuros de los proyectos. Esta publicación presenta lineamientos metodológicos y experiencias internacionales que incluyen definiciones, rangos y alcances de aplicación, identificación de impactos y el diseño de herramientas de gestión. Adicionalmente, se recomienda analizar los impactos acumulativos a través de todo el proceso de evaluación ambiental y considerar las interacciones con los componentes ambientales valorados. Un punto destacado se asocia con incentivar la colaboración entre los desarrolladores de los proyectos, las agencias de evaluación ambiental y las comunidades para buscar una gestión sostenible, inclusiva y responsable de los impactos acumulativos. Lo anterior, busca hacer frente a diversos desafíos asociados a una gestión integral de impactos acumulativos, como: i) la dificultad para obtener información sobre proyectos actuales y futuros; ii) la magnitud de los impactos que exceden el alcance de un solo proyecto; iii) la falta de comprensión de los sistemas espaciales, límites y umbrales; y iv) falta de homologación entre metodologías e información disponible. Cabe resaltar que una gestión proactiva de estos impactos beneficia a los entornos y comunidades, y contribuye a la obtención del respaldo social para operar, promoviendo una mayor transparencia y confianza de la ciudadanía. |
| Date: | 2025–05–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col039:81510 |
| By: | Newbery, D. |
| Abstract: | At high penetration levels, the ratio of the marginal: average curtailment (mc/ac) of an extra MW of wind is typically 3+ times its average. For a portfolio of on- and off-shore wind and solar PV, the ratio is considerably higher. With increasing methods of using potentially surplus VRE (exports, storage) average curtailment falls but the mc/ac ratio rises. The marginal levelised cost of VRE is inversely proportional to the Marginal Capacity Factor, which falls as marginal curtailment increases, raising concerns that reducing average curtailment may not lower the marginal cost of VRE. This paper proves this is not the case. Reducing curtailment has a magnified effect on marginal curtailment and does indeed lower the marginal cost of VRE. |
| Keywords: | Variable Renewable Electricity, Marginal Curtailment, Average Curtailment, Levelised Cost of Electricity, VRE Support Design |
| JEL: | L94 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–02–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2511 |
| By: | Fischer, Andreas; Diermeier, Matthias |
| Abstract: | Für eine erfolgreiche Transformation muss die Ermöglichung des Abscheidens von CO2 weit oben auf der Agenda der Bundesregierung stehen. Aufgrund geringer Kenntnisse zu dieser Technologie zeigen Akzeptanzbefragungen bisher noch kein klares Bild. Dort muss die Politik ansetzen. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:318311 |
| By: | Dasgupta, Shouro; Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z.; Shayegh, Soheil; Bosello, Francesco; Park, R. Jisung; Gosling, Simon N. |
| Abstract: | Heat stress affects the health of workers through physiological and behavioural responses, in turn, affecting the labour force through impacts on labour supply, labour productivity and labour capacity. In this Review, we explore the extent to which heat stress affects the labour force and discuss the corresponding occupational health and economic impacts. The relationship between labour force outcomes and temperature is largely nonlinear, declining sharply beyond peak thresholds. Observed and projected labour losses are heterogeneous across regions, sectors and warming levels. High-exposure sectors such as agriculture and construction are projected to experience the greatest losses under future warming, with ~33%, ~25% and ~18% declines in effective labour across Africa, Asia and Oceania, respectively, under a 3 °C warming scenario. Labour losses are also expected in low-exposure sectors such as manufacturing and utilities, but Northern Europe tends to benefit in the short run. These collective heterogeneous labour impacts lead to considerable reductions in global gross domestic product (GDP) and welfare, with projected GDP losses of 5.9% in South Asia and 3.6% in Africa. Improved local-scale exposure–response functions and incorporating adaptation into economic models are required to advance understanding of heat stress impacts on labour. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126135 |
| By: | Penagos Concha, Ángela María; Quesada Jiménez, Manuel Camilo; Granados Gutiérrez, Santiago |
| Abstract: | La biodiversidad es fundamental para el sostenimiento de la vida en el planeta. Sin embargo, la pérdida acelerada de los servicios ecosistémicos puede poner en riesgo la producción de elementos vitales para la humanidad como los alimentos. Adicional a ello, el financiamiento de actividades que regeneren el patrimonio natural es aún incipiente a pesar de la urgencia de las inversiones requeridas. Los sistemas agroalimentarios juegan un papel determinante en las sinergias entre la producción y la naturaleza. No obstante, se requiere avanzar en el entendimiento de los mecanismos para lograr que los flujos financieros actuales se dirijan hacia actividades que permiten incrementar la producción de alimentos logrando incrementar el patrimonio natural para garantizar la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos en el mediano y largo plazo. A partir del caso de estudio del crédito de fomento para el sector agropecuario a través del Fondo para el Financiamiento del Sector Agropecuario (Finagro), en este documento se muestra la importancia de lograr que el sistema financiero sea un vehículo de transformación para avanzar hacia sistemas agroalimentarios sostenibles y resilientes. Para ello, se requiere redireccionar los recursos actuales hacia actividades positivas para la naturaleza. |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col028:81198 |
| By: | Valiente, Regina; Heckert, Jessica; Paz, Florencia; Cabnal, Edwin |
| Abstract: | Gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls is reflected across policy priorities at global and national levels. Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) seeks to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. Moreover, the Government of Guatemala, through the Presi-dential Secretariat for Women (SEPREM), has supported these priorities through the National Policy for the Promotion and Comprehensive Development of Women and the Equality of Opportunities Plan 2008-2023, particularly under its Equitable Economic and Productive Development policy line, which gives the agenda a thematic focus on women’s economic empowerment. Both policy instruments are designed to guide public institutions in achieving the goals that have been set by the Council of Minis-ters of Women of Central America and the Dominican Republic (COMMCA). Economic empowerment is one of the main lines of policy action under the Regional Policy on Gender Equality and Equity of SICA (PRIEG/SICA). As such, women’s economic empowerment is being prioritized at the national level in Guatemala, and also at the regional level across Central America and the Dominican Republic. La igualdad de género y el empoderamiento de las mujeres y niñas se ve reflejado en distintas prioridades de políticas a nivel global y local. El Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 5 busca lograr la igualdad de género y empoderar a todas las mujeres y niñas. De forma correspondiente, el Gobierno de Guatemala por medio de la Secretaría Presidencial de la Mujer (Seprem) ha impulsado el tema, tanto a través de la Política Nacional de Promoción y Desarrollo Integral de las Mujeres y su Plan de Oportunidades PNPDIM-PEO 2008-2023, dentro el Eje de Desarrollo Económico y Productivo con equidad; así como también en la agenda temática de empoderamiento económico de las mujeres. Ambos instrumentos son orientadores de las instituciones públicas, a la vez que, dentro de las acciones que se han coordinado desde el Consejo de Ministras de la Mujer de Centroamérica y República Dominicana (COMMCA), el empoderamiento económico es uno de los ejes de la Política Regional de Igualdad y Equidad de Género del SICA (PRIEG/SICA). Así, el empoderamiento económico de las mujeres es una prioridad a nivel nacional en Guatemala, pero también a nivel regional. |
| Keywords: | gender equality; women's empowerment; policies; development; economic aspects; women; sustainable development goals; capacity development; Guatemala; Latin America; Central America; Northern America |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:137514 |
| By: | Kim, Gyupan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Hyong-Kun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Boram (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Seung-Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Son, Wonju (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 2020년대 들어 한국과 일본 양국 정부는 국내 산업기반의 DX(디지털전환), GX(녹색전환)를 추진하는 과정에서 글로벌 공급망 재편과 함께 핵심광물자원의 공급망 단절 위기에 직면하자 각종 전략, 시책, 법률 제정을 통해 핵심광물의 공급망 안정화에 정책역량을 집중하고 있다. 한국정부는 2023년 2월 「핵심광물 확보전략」을 통해 배터리 5대 금속과 희토류 등 금속광물을 핵심광물로 지정하는 것을 시작으로, 2024년 2월에는 「국가자원안보 특별법」을 제정(2025년 2월 시행)하였다. 일본 역시 한국보다는 다소 이른 시점인 2022년 5월 「경제안전보장추진법」을 제정하였고, 이에 근거하여 2022년 12월에는 핵심광물을 11개 특정중요물자(국가전략물자) 중 하나로 지정하였고, 2024년 3월에는 중국의 희귀금속 수출통제에 대한 대응의 일환으로 갈륨, 게르마늄, 우라늄을 국가전략물자로 추가 지정하였다. In the 2020s, the Korean and Japanese governments faced a crisis involving supply chain disruptions of critical mineral resources alongside the reorganization of global supply chains due to efforts to promote digital transformation (DX) and green transformation (GX) within their domestic industrial bases. To address these issues, both the Korean and Japanese governments have concentrated their policy capabilities on stabilizing the supply chain for critical minerals through various strategies, policies, and legislation related to critical minerals. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | MSP; global supply chain; EV battery metal; non-ferrous metal |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2024_009 |
| By: | Torres, Valeria |
| Date: | 2024–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:81338 |
| By: | Bauer Peter; Genty Aurelien (European Commission - JRC); Lucke Friedrich |
| Abstract: | Intangible capital is a key driver of productivity growth, competitiveness and resilience. Unlike tangible investment such as machinery and equipment, investment in intangible assets, especially R&D, shows low sensitivity to adverse demand shocks. R&D intensive firms seem to be more resilient (higher employment) during crises and recover faster (higher productivity) afterwards. Productivity growth can contribute to decarbonisation, but in many instances productivity growth and decarbonisation lead to conflicting objectives, which needs to be addressed through policy action. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140398 |
| By: | Géraldine Pina (ASN - Autorité de sureté nucléaire [France] = Nuclear Safety Authority [France]) |
| Abstract: | Le renouveau du nucléaire, une des réponses aux enjeux de souveraineté énergétique ou de décarbonation de l'énergie, est un phénomène mondial. Il s'appuie entre autres sur la prolongation des installations existantes et la construction de nouvelles installations, mais aussi sur le développement du « nouveau nucléaire » : petits réacteurs modulaires, réacteurs de fusion... Cela exige-t-il un changement profond ou une évolution de la doctrine en matière de sûreté nucléaire et de radioprotection ? Derrière cette interrogation, c'est la question de l'acceptabilité sociale de la relance de la filière nucléaire qui est posée et elle passe par la priorité accordée à la protection des personnes et de l'environnement. Dans un contexte où les cadres institutionnels sont parfois soupçonnés de ne pas incarner l'intérêt général, créer la confiance et favoriser la culture de radioprotection est essentiel. Il n'y aura pas de renouveau du nucléaire sans une radioprotection – et une sûreté nucléaire – forte. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05073133 |
| By: | Roman M Balabin (Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Among the many alternatives to the classical Haber-Bosch method for fixing atmospheric nitrogen, plasma methods are often singled out as the most promising. This study demonstrates for the first time the possibility of fixing nitrogen with aqueous plasma at room temperature and atmospheric pressure – as well as without a catalyst and toxic chemicals – and obtaining two valuable products: nitroxyl (HNO) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH). A similar catalyst-free approach based on a reaction with a water dimer cation radical in aqueous plasma has also been demonstrated for the selective and controlled transformation of methane (CH4) into methanol (CH3OH) without overoxidation. Scaling up the process looks like a promising project, since the installation has no moving parts at all, and the entire process is carried out at atmospheric pressure. Thus, the installation does not need either special vacuum equipment or metal-intensive high-pressure reactors. |
| Keywords: | Nitrogen fixation, Water plasma, Methanol production, Triplet excited states, Industrial economics, Economics of innovation, Birkeland-Eyde, Electric arc furnace, Nitroxyl, Hydroxylamine, Oxidation Mechanisms, Disproportionation reaction, Corona and dielectric barrier discharges |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05083637 |
| By: | Hilmy Priliadi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) presents transformative opportunities for ASEAN, as its market is projected to reach US$30.30 billion by 2030. AI adoption is expected to contribute 10%–18% of ASEAN’s gross domestic product, benefiting key sectors such as manufacturing, health care, and energy. However, AI integration also highlights challenges, including governance gaps, disparities in AI readiness amongst ASEAN Member States, data governance issues, and sustainability concerns. While ASEAN has made progress through initiatives like developing the ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics, policy fragmentation and uneven AI adoption across ASEAN Member States underscore barriers to inclusive growth. The ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) provides an opportunity to align AI governance in ASEAN with global standards, ensuring a regulatory framework that balances innovation with accountability. This brief highlights AI’s role in ASEAN’s digital economy and proposes policy recommendations to strengthen AI governance; enhance the population’s digital skills; support AI adoption amongst micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises; promote culturally diverse datasets; and advance sustainable AI infrastructure. By fostering regional cooperation and embedding AI-related commitments into the DEFA, ASEAN can harness AI’s potential while actively mitigating its risks. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-01 |
| By: | Eric Blanchardon (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN/BERAP - Bureau d'expertise en radioprotection de la population - IRSN/PSE-ENV/SEREN - Service d'expertise et d'étude en radioprotection des populations et de la radioactivité dans l'environnement - IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire); Philippe Renaud (IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire) |
| Abstract: | Nous sommes tous exposés au rayonnement cosmique et aux radionucléides présents dans notre environnement, qu'il s'agisse de radionucléides naturels (cosmogéniques ou telluriques) ou de radionucléides artificiels rémanents des retombées anciennes des essais atmosphériques d'armes nucléaires ou de l'accident de Tchernobyl, ou encore de radionucléides rejetés par l'industrie nucléaire. Nous pouvons être également exposés à des rayonnements ionisants utilisés en imagerie médicale et pour le traitement de certaines pathologies. Enfin, les travailleurs de certains secteurs professionnels (travailleurs du domaine médical et de l'industrie nucléaire, personnels navigants de l'aéronautique…) sont soumis à des expositions spécifiques. La dose moyenne reçue par la population française pendant la période 2015-2019 a été estimée à 6, 5 mSv/an, cette moyenne cachant une importante variabilité liée au lieu de résidence, au mode de vie ou encore aux actes médicaux. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05073164 |
| By: | Sophie Bouvet (CHROME - Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) - Université de Nîmes - UNIMES - Nîmes Université, CHU Nîmes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes); Véronique Thireau (CHROME - Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) - Université de Nîmes - UNIMES - Nîmes Université); Thibault Mura (CHU Nîmes - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes) |
| Abstract: | L'année 2024 a enregistré des températures mondiales records, avec des vagues de chaleur de plus en plus fréquentes et intenses, notamment en Europe et dans la région méditerranéenne de la France. Ces vagues ont des impacts significatifs sur la santé, les services de soins et les infrastructures, augmentant la pression sur les professionnels de santé et affectant l'organisation du système de soins. Ce phénomène nécessite d'élargir l'analyse des effets des vagues de chaleur au-delà des décès, pour mieux adapter les systèmes d'alerte et de gestion de crise. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier des solutions d'adaptation durables pour améliorer la gestion des impacts des vagues de chaleur sur les systèmes de santé, avec un focus sur les établissements de santé français, notamment les urgences. Une approche interdisciplinaire combinant différentes méthodes des sciences économiques et de la santé publique sera utilisée. L'ambition de la thèse est de renforcer la résilience des établissements de santé face à ces phénomènes climatiques, afin d'anticiper, répondre et s'adapter efficacement aux vagues de chaleur futures. |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05069752 |
| By: | Esquivel, Gerardo; Silva Castañeda, Sergio |
| Abstract: | En el debate actual se ha reconocido la necesidad de revitalizar las políticas de desarrollo productivo. La implementación efectiva de este tipo de políticas en América Latina demanda un enfoque estratégico que considere tanto el contexto actual de la economía como las potencialidades de diversificación futura, lo que requiere un proceso de priorización de sectores estratégicos que permita encontrar aquellos con mayores probabilidades de éxito. En este documento se revisan distintos métodos que se han planteado en la literatura para priorizar sectores estratégicos. Se describen métodos que evalúan la capacidad actual y potencial de los sectores, así como su relevancia en un contexto económico y social más amplio, asegurando que la priorización contribuya significativamente a los objetivos de desarrollo a largo plazo. Es crucial que los formuladores de políticas adopten una metodología que no solo se adapte a la disponibilidad de datos en su contexto específico, sino que también permita integrar objetivos de sostenibilidad e igualdad. El objetivo de este documento es proporcionar un marco robusto y adaptable para que los formuladores de políticas de la región puedan tomar decisiones estratégicas mejor informadas. |
| Date: | 2025–02–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:81253 |
| By: | Fischer, Andreas; Henger, Ralph |
| Abstract: | In der vergangenen Legislatur blieb die Entlastung über ein Klimageld aus und auch im Koalitionsvertrag der neuen schwarz-roten Regierung findet es keine Erwähnung. Stattdessen sollen die Verbraucher über den Strompreis entlastet werden. Dies findet in der Bevölkerung eine hohe Zustimmung und lässt sich bürokratiearm umsetzen. Bei weiter steigenden CO2- Preisen sollte sowohl die Entlastung der Verbraucher als auch die Entwicklung der Strompreise langfristig zielgenauer adressiert werden. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:318317 |