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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Francisco-Cruz, Carlos A.; Buckley, Cathal; Breen, James |
| Abstract: | Ireland is committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 25% by 2030 while ensuring that production levels remain consistent. The Marginal Abatement Cost Curve (MACC) approach provides a framework for evaluating potential mitigation options within the agricultural sector. Although it offers significant advantages, its main limitation is the minimal consideration of the farm’s biophysical environment, which facilitates a robust national analysis but provides limited insights at regional or local levels. Our method involves developing a bottom-up MACC approach that includes the farm’s local environmental conditions. This approach will improve the assessment of cost-effective mitigation strategies in agriculture. To apply our proposal, we use estimations at the farm level of N2O emissions by employing emission factors (EF) specific to the local context. The EF considered the pertinent local environmental conditions related to the farm’s production performance. Our regional-level analysis shows that considering local environmental conditions improves the effectiveness of GHG reduction strategies while supporting sustainable farming. The findings emphasise that mitigation costs vary by farm location, helping identify the most efficient strategies for different environments and farm types. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356754 |
| By: | Sidhoum, Amer Ait; Sipiläinen, Timo; Virpi, Kling; Niemi, Jarkko K. |
| Abstract: | This study offers valuable insights into farmers’ perspectives on the use of feed additives (3-NOP) in reducing methane emissions and highlights associated obstacles that may prevent the accelerated uptake of GHG mitigation measures. Our data originates from a survey with 239 Finnish dairy farmers. While most farmers acknowledge the importance of climate issues, only a small percentage considers the reduction of the environmental impact of milk production the responsibility of the producer. Still, the farmers would prefer to decide for themselves how to reduce emissions, which demonstrates that resistance toward external directives might exist. In addition, there is a discrepancy between economically viable and environmentally responsible management, and this makes farmers more preoccupied with profitability. Furthermore, safety towards feed additives is largely acknowledged, although their efficiency in emission reduction is still unclear to farmers; thus, better communication and education towards sustainable practices is needed. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356631 |
| By: | Stetter, Christian |
| Abstract: | Climate change necessitates immediate legislative action across all sectors, especially agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, due to their substantial role in climate change mitigation and their vulnerability to climate impacts. This study employs advanced AI-driven natural language processing to identify key patterns, trends, and themes, by analyzing 264, 739 pages of climate-related legal texts from 189 countries in 51 languages between 2001 and 2022. The findings reveal a significant increase in climate-related legislation, with policies being the dominant governance instrument. Regional variations highlight differing legislative priorities, such as disaster preparedness in Asia and sustainable forestry in North America. The study demonstrates the alignment of climate legislation with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 (Climate Action) and its interactions with other SDGs, thus providing insights into policy coherence and gaps in resilience-building strategies. While sectoral climate legislation demonstrates connections to emissions and vulnerability, particularly in water and food security, other factors might be more influential. This research offers critical insights into the strengths and gaps in current climate policies in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, informing future strategies to enhance global climate action. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356735 |
| By: | Gomez, Exequiel Romero; Ojeda, Maria Laura; Salvatici, Luca; Vaquero-Piñeiro, Cristina |
| Abstract: | Satisfying the increasing food demand, while supporting the sustainability of agri-food systems is seen as a major global challenge in the future. This study investigates how environmental policies, in terms of higher organic production targets, might affect the whole sustainability of agrifood systems at the national and international levels. By using simulations from the Simplified International Model of Agricultural Prices, Land Use, and Environment (SIMPLE) model, extended for the first time to distinguish organic from conventional production, we project socio-economic and emission outcomes in response to the 25% of organic farmland by 2030 fixed by the EU Farm to Fork strategy in Italy. Overall, results indicate that even though the F2F strategy in Italy is projected to increase crop production and reduce GHG emissions by 2030, it will also raise crop prices, slightly increase land use, and intensify non-land input demands under conventional agriculture. The findings underscore the need for complementary policies and coordinated action plans across territorial and sectoral levels to balance economic, social, and environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356757 |
| By: | Fernandes de Araujo, Maria Luísa; Läpple, Doris |
| Abstract: | Farmers’ support for climate change mitigation policies is crucial for their implementation and effective reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, farmers’ support for these policies remains a challenge. This study investigates whether different information framing can enhance farmers’ support across European countries. Using a pre-registered online survey experiment across eight European countries, we test the effects of video-based interventions with distinct framings. We assess the impact of these interventions on farmers’ support for climate change mitigation policies and their climate change beliefs. By using the ManyLabs approach, we examine regional variability in farmers’ responses across countries, providing insights into the factors that drive policy support. Our findings will provide evidence-based recommendations for policy design, helping bridge the gap between environmental objectives and agricultural realities. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356793 |
| By: | Chao Zhang; Yulin Lu |
| Abstract: | Since the Industrial Revolution, the world economy has experienced rapid development, and China's economy has also achieved an unprecedented takeoff in the past. Behind the economic growth, population surge, and continuous improvement of people's living standards lies the enormous consumption of fossil energy and environmental pollution. This kind of pollution has caused irreparable damage to the world. The most concerned environmental issue globally at present is the global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions. China is in a stage of rapid development, and as the largest developing country, China's development path has a significant impact on global climate change. At the same time, the global community also puts pressure on China to limit carbon dioxide emissions. To address energy shortages and environmental issues, countries around the world have introduced corresponding energy and environmental regulations. Due to different culture and government systems, the effects of energy and environmental regulations in various countries are also different. Therefore, it is still necessary to discuss China's energy and environmental regulations.This paper uses data from prefecture-level cities between 2003 and 2008 to discuss the impact of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" environmental regulations on urbanization rates. It first provides a theoretical analysis of the relationship between environmental regulation and urbanization, finding that environmental regulation can influence urban population mobility through both crowding-in and crowding-out effects. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.10702 |
| By: | SALGUERO, RICARDO ALONZO FERNANDEZ |
| Abstract: | The growing interest in sustainability has generated a vast academic literature on the intersection of climate change, green finance, and financial markets. However, heterogeneity in methodologies and results often makes it difficult to draw unified conclusions. This paper presents a review of meta-analyses and systematic literature reviews to synthesize the current state of knowledge. By analyzing a corpus of 22 reviews, we assess the consensus on three key areas: 1) the impact of climate risk (physical and transition) on asset valuation, 2) the existence and magnitude of a green financing premium (the "greenium"), and 3) the effects of green finance practices on corporate and banking profitability. Our findings indicate an emerging consensus on the pricing of physical climate risk in the real estate market and a modest but persistent negative premium for green bonds. However, the impact of sustainable finance on financial profitability remains ambiguous and highly dependent on the methodological context. This synthesis consolidates quantitative findings, evaluates prevailing methodologies, identifies research gaps, and proposes an integration theory with an agenda for future research, highlighting the need for greater standardization in metrics and analytical approaches to strengthen the robustness of empirical conclusions. |
| Date: | 2025–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:aqy84_v1 |
| By: | Sadeghi, Abdorasoul; Roudari, Soheil; Nammouri, Hela |
| Abstract: | Given the importance of the global issues of climate change and environmental pollution in sustainable development, this study aims to investigate whether there is a connection among green finance, fossil energy, and institutional factors, considering the significance of a transition to renewable clean energy from fossil energy in sustainable development. For this purpose, the effects of fossil energy on the S&P green bonds are compared by considering and ignoring institutional quality as an interaction term in various oil shocks, using the threshold structural vector autoregression (TSVAR) technique for the US in 2012-2019. The findings indicate that the sensitivity of green bonds to oil shocks is limited to short-term periods. Institutional factors make this sensitivity more persistent, extending into the medium and long term. These results highlight the significance of institutional quality in the development of green bonds, especially when the oil market and the large amount of money circulating into it create grounds for corruption, the role of administrative integrity, legal structures, and government policies becomes more prominent. Hence, the integrity and quality of institutional factors, which includes corruption incentives, democratic accountability, government stability, bureaucracy as well as law and orders, should be taken into account in policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds; Institutional quality; Oil; Sustainable development; TSVAR |
| JEL: | C24 G12 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126836 |
| By: | Juan S. Mora-Sanguinetti; Cristina Peñasco; Rok Spruk |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the effect of “green regulations” i.e. those aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change and environmental externalities, on innovation, using a novel regulatory database covering the period 2008 – 2022 for Spain. The database identifies regulations at both the national and regional levels through textual analysis. Employing a panel data approach, we assess how different types of environmental regulations—particularly those related to renewable energy—affect firm-level innovation activities. Our findings indicate that national level green regulations have a positive effect on innovation, whereas regional level regulations show mixed or negligible impacts. Importantly, the interaction between national and regional regulations, measuring the simultaneous production of legal texts at both levels can foster innovation but at a reduced pace with respect to the sole production of regulation at the national level. Given the results for regional-level regulation, our results provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that regulatory fragmentation due to unequal, overlapping, inconsistent or conflicting procedure across jurisdictions may diminish these benefits. |
| Keywords: | Green Regulation, Innovation, Porter Hypothesis, Renewable Energy, Business |
| JEL: | K32 Q5 O44 O13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:1016 |
| By: | Eugenie Dugoua; Jacob Moscona |
| Abstract: | We examine the economics of climate innovation and its role in the clean technology transition. It outlines the incentives, market failures, and policy levers that shape the development and diffusion of clean technologies; traces global patterns in technology development and deployment; and highlights frontier challenges and open questions related to climate adaptation, critical mineral supply chains, artificial intelligence, and geopolitics. The analysis explores the role of effective climate policy, stressing the relevance of coordinated approaches that match instruments to technology maturity and local context. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Innovation, R&D, Clean Energy, Energy Transition, Industrial Policy, Adaptation, Critical Minerals, AI |
| Date: | 2025–11–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2135 |
| By: | Dhaka, Surjeet Singh; Kyire, Samuel Kwabena Chaa; Asare, Jeffery Kofi |
| Abstract: | Climate change has become a global burden. In part, technological innovations (TIs), foreign direct investments (FDIs), and agricultural growth are potential factors contributing to overall emissions. However, empirical evidence on the interplay of these variables on CO2 emissions is rare in literature, particularly for BRICS countries, which is essential to investigate. In this quest, we sourced panel data obtained from World Development Indicators and FAO repositories. We found cross-sectional dependency in the panel data. Hence, the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (Pooled Mean Group regression) was used to analyse the short-run and long-run relationship. We found a long-run negative effect of TI on CO2 emissions, but no short-run effect was observed. Likewise, agricultural growth had positive significant effect on CO2 emissions only in the long-run. The Granger Causality test confirmed a causal relationship between agricultural growth, TI, and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries. We recommend that BRICS countries should invest in innovative technologies, especially those that facilitate green production and renewable technologies to minimize greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, there is a need to embrace sustainable agricultural practices like tree-crop plantations, sustainable production technologies, and less-carbon-emitting inputs used to minimize the emissions from agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344316 |
| By: | Yadav, Nishi |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is threatened by the changing climate, especially in the agricultural sector. The consequences of this changing climate can have strong repercussions on food security by affecting productivity through hazards like droughts and floods. The study employs a climate risk assessment, considering hazards, exposure, and vulnerability, aligning with SDG 13's goals. The study creates a climate risk index for 26 major states of India which correspond to different agro climatic zones. The study also explores the relationship between climate risk and rice productivity in Indian states using a panel data regression analysis. The results show that states such as Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu are most susceptible to climate risks. Whereas states such as Bihar, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand are least susceptible to climate risk. The regression analysis results show a negative relationship between climate risk and rice yield, indicating that an increase in climate risk can severely affect rice productivity and India’s food security. Since India is the second largest exporter of rice, climate risk can have global consequences. The results indicate immediate region-specific adaptation measures and advocate for sustainable mitigation practices. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344338 |
| By: | Cavalcanti, Francisco; Helfand, Steven M.; Moreira, Ajax |
| Abstract: | Climate change is likely to impact the occurrence of natural disasters such as drought. This paper calculates a standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and uses it to analyze the frequency, duration and severity of drought in Brazil (1901-2020). Second, the study uses annual panel data to estimate the causal effects of drought on agricultural production (1974- 2019), and calculates the distribution of impacts across municipalities. Third, the paper compares annual panel and long difference estimates to shed light on adaptation/intensification over a longer period. Finally, by combining the panel estimates with seven CMIP6 global climate models, the study provides a range of projections for drought impacts (2025-2075). Results indicate that drought severity increased substantially in the second half of the 20th century and again in the 2010s. Estimates show that ten percent of the time droughts reduced municipal production by about 25% or more, with considerable spatial heterogeneity. Long difference estimates indicate intensification in response to more extreme droughts, and (statistically insignificant) adaptation at the median. A substantial risk to agricultural production is identified in the 21st century, especially under more pessimistic global warming scenarios, with annual losses rising to over 35% by 2075. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344267 |
| By: | Ume, Chukwuma; Ume, Sunny |
| Abstract: | This study, conducted in Southeast Nigeria, investigates the impact of Smart Alternate Wetting and Drying (SAID) on sustainable rice farming, using a randomised controlled trial and focusing on water use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. The research involved a pilot project with 15 rice farms, categorized into three groups employing SAID, manual Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), and continuous irrigation methods. The results revealed that SAID led to a 30% reduction in water usage compared to continuous irrigation and significantly lowered methane emissions. These findings corroborate global research advocating for sustainable agricultural practices. The integration of digital technology in SAID resolved the limitations associated with manual AWD, potentially making agriculture more appealing to younger generations. This study not only confirms SAID's effectiveness in enhancing water conservation and reducing environmental impact but also suggests its applicability as a scalable solution for rice cultivation. The research supports the advancement of climate-smart agricultural technologies, which are crucial for addressing global challenges of water scarcity and environmental sustainability in farming. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344260 |
| By: | Yue Zhang |
| Abstract: | Extreme heat waves diminish workers’ productivity, impair cognitive performance, and can lead to economic losses. Unlike acute climate disasters that are event-driven, chronic risks like heat waves are widespread and enduring, making it challenging to identify exogenous variation. The susceptibility of commercial properties to heat stress remains insufficiently explored. Furthermore, green buildings, recognized for increasing indoor comfort and reducing energy consumption, may offer a mitigating effect against extreme heat. However, limited studies have examined the differential impact of climate-related shocks on green versus non-green buildings. This research aims to fill this gap by examining how location-specific heat exposure impacts commercial property value across both green and non-green categories. Our analysis employs granular data on temperature, energy consumption, sustainable features, and transaction records. Leveraging ground-level temperature data from 40 weather stations and 30-meter resolution rasters, particularly for Hong Kong, we construct a high-resolution dataset of location-various temperature exposure across the city. We measure abnormal temperature exposure at each property’s location and apply a difference-in-difference method to quantify the treatment effect of heat stress. This study contributes to understanding chronic climate risk in commercial real estate and the role of sustainability in asset valuation. |
| Keywords: | commercial real estate; extreme heat; Green Buildings |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_239 |
| By: | Abraham Park |
| Abstract: | This study is a comparison of the impact of energy certification programs (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, called LEED) and government-mandated sustainability initiatives (CalGeen Code) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While LEED certification is voluntary and focuses on the sustainable design of energy efficiency, indoor environmental quality, and the use of sustainable materials in building developments, its actual effectiveness in reducing GHG emissions remains debated. In comparison, California’s mandatory CALGreen code, first adopted in 2007 and fully enforced by 2011, sets specific sustainability building code requirements for new constructions statewide. CALGreen aims to reduce GHG emissions and improve environmental quality through energy and water efficiency, among other measures. Unlike LEED, CALGreen is a regulatory mandate, with local jurisdictions responsible for code compliance. While LEED offers flexibility in meeting sustainability goals, it does not have any post-occupancy requirements. CALGreen’s requirements are more prescriptive. This study examines and reports the findings of the effects of these sustainability frameworks on GHG emissions within the context of building operations. |
| Keywords: | CalGreen; LEED |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_34 |
| By: | Ting Jiang; Kwok Yuen Fan; Eddie ChiMan Hui; Jian Fu Shen |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of climate risk on the adoption of green real estate projects and its broader implications by investing the U.S. real estate companies. Drawing on a comprehensive dataset of real estate projects spanning 2000 to 2023, we identify a positive relationship between green project adoption and climate risks. While market reactions to announcements of green projects are generally neutral, firms facing higher climate risk exposure experience significantly greater abnormal returns, suggesting that market participants value such initiatives as strategic responses to firm-level climate risk exposure. Lastly, our findings show that green projects enhance financial performance for firms with greater climate risks, reflected in increased market valuations and operating profitability. However, these projects provide limited environmental impact, with negligible reductions in greenhouse gas emissions intensity and minimal mitigation of reputation incidences, apart from governance incidences. These findings suggest that the financial benefits of green projects depend on firms’ climate risk profiles, but their ability to deliver meaningful environmental outcomes remains constrained. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk; Corporate Environmental Strategy; Green Projects; Real Estate Investment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_139 |
| By: | Aziz Can ensazl; Ece Özmen |
| Abstract: | Sustainable urban transformation emerges as a comprehensive solution to the infrastructure challenges and environmental degradations caused by industrialization and rapid urbanization, addressing economic, social, and environmental dimensions. This study analyzes the direct and indirect economic impacts of urban transformation projects, emphasizing employment creation and value increases in the construction sector and related industries. Additionally, the research highlights the contributions of green investments to price increases in the real estate market and their benefits in terms of energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study examines two example projects from Turkey, Piyalepaa Istanbul and WE Haliç, in detail. It was determined that these projects were developed in accordance with sustainable urban transformation principles under green building certifications such as LEED-ND and generated significant economic multiplier effects. The findings reveal that sustainable approaches provide not only environmental benefits but also long-term economic advantages. The study demonstrates that promoting green investments contributes to making cities more resilient and livable while fostering sustainable growth in the real estate market. |
| Keywords: | economic multiplier; LEED-ND; Real Estate Market; sustainable urban transformation |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_178 |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | Environmental determinism in the past followed from the belief that the godsbestowed political power and the best possible weather on the sponsors of early scholars.Although later discredited in academia because of the associations with racism and the lackof support for any monocausal explanation of history, environmental determinism in popularculture has morphed into the unfounded idea of catastrophic climate change. Although ahandful of papers in the literature on the economic impact of climate change appear tosupport this concern, closer inspection reveals severe methodological and conceptual issueswith the analyses. Climate policy will not dominate major economies, because politicians willpull back before it does, but small economies may be overwhelmed by the export of carbon credits. |
| Keywords: | climate change, environmental determinism |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0725 |
| By: | Azar, Christian; Johansson, Daniel; Pettersson, Susanne; Sterner, Thomas (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Aviation impacts the climate in several ways. In addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of jet fuel, there are also the climate impacts of nitrogen oxides, particles, water vapor, and condensation trails, or contrails, white cloudlike streaks sometimes visible in the sky. Out of the non-CO2 effects, contrails are the most important, and in terms of climate impacts, they are broadly comparable to the carbon dioxide emissions from aviation.How are contrails formed? How do they affect the climate? And what can be done to reduce them? In this paper, we try to answer these questions. |
| Date: | 2025–11–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-13 |
| By: | Carson, Richard T; Lu, Jiajun; Khossravi, Emily A; Köhlin, Gunnar; Sterner, Erik; Sterner, Thomas; Whittington, Dale |
| Keywords: | 4407 Policy and Administration (for-2020), 44 Human Society (for-2020), Infection (hrcs-hc), 13 Climate Action (sdg), 7 Affordable and Clean Energy (sdg), 4 Quality Education (sdg), 0401 Atmospheric Sciences (for), 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience (for), 0502 Environmental Science and Management (for) |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:qt48p616bz |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | China is exposed to both transition and physical risks from climate change. As a large greenhouse gas emitter, China faces noticeable transition risks. Coal and oil dominate energy supply amidst growing global momentum towards a low carbon greener economy where China also has made notable progress in green energy transition. China is also highly exposed to economic damage from hydrometeorological hazards such as floods, typhoons, and extreme temperatures, as the probability and intensity of (extreme) climate events is expected to increase. The FSAP mission analyzed transition risk using a data set obtained from the 20 D-SIBS through an ad-hoc data request. Physical risks were analyzed using publicly available data at provincial level.2 |
| Date: | 2025–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/303 |
| By: | Toba, Natsuko (Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge, UK); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); San, Anupama (Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK) |
| Abstract: | Increasing demand for critical minerals as input to clean technologies for end use, such as electric vehicles, solar photovoltaic, wind turbines and battery energy storage, could reduce greenhouse gas and other harmful pollutants in the locations where such technologies operate. However, insufficient attention to those pollutants and other environmental, social and governance performance during the mining, processing and productions of those clean technologies, could result in net negative impacts on the planet and locally. This chapter reviews critical mineral supply chains, investors and governance, and a case of Indonesia. It finds that the mining sector has attracted a very small share of sustainable investments globally, and that the mining sector could take more of such opportunities, especially transition financing. Efforts to increase competitiveness in sustainable and efficient use and allocation, rather than simply taking advantage of natural resources, will help diversify investors and trading partners. Private investors and firms, and governments are, albeit slowly, moving into a sustainable path. |
| Keywords: | Critical minerals; Lifecycle supply chain; Sustainability; Clean technology |
| JEL: | D00 D80 G00 L00 L50 L60 L70 |
| Date: | 2025–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2025_003 |
| By: | Fahlén, Per (Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden); Henrekson, Magnus (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Nilsson, Mats (Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden) |
| Abstract: | We examine EU and UK plans for achieving a fossil-free energy system by 2050, centered on massive electrification and large-scale deployment of wind and solar power. Using empirical trends, cost analyses, and system-function assessments, we argue that current strategies underestimate real economic, technical, and social challenges. Three scenarios for meeting 2050 electricity demand are compared: full reliance on renewables; a 50/50 split between wind-solar and nuclear; predominantly nuclear. Evidence shows that higher shares of weather-dependent generation correlate with higher electricity prices, greater volatility, and increased system integration costs. High renewable shares require extensive backup, storage, and grid reinforcement, raising complexity and environmental impacts. Overlooked costs are highlighted: reduced capacity value, transmission expansion, balancing services, and social externalities. Sustainability must encompass environmental, economic, and social dimensions. A technologically diverse, dispatchable-power-based strategy—especially with expanded nuclear power— offers a more robust, cost-effective, and socially acceptable pathway to climate neutrality than a predominant reliance on intermittent renewables. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Dispatchable electricity; Green transition; Mission-oriented policy; Renewable electricity; Rent seeking |
| JEL: | L26 L52 L70 O38 P11 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1542 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Foqoruddin Al Kabir; Farha Tasneem |
| Abstract: | This policy brief investigates how climate change and air pollution deepen poverty in the selected 32 climate vulnerable countries. The objective is to analyse the long-run relationship between environmental stressors and household welfare, and to recommend policy intervention that can break this climate–poverty trap. |
| Keywords: | climate change, air pollution, poverty trap, climate vulnerable countries, household welfare, PM2.5, GHG emissions climate adaptation, clean energy, green transportation, social protection, regional cooperation |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:83 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Foqoruddin Al Kabir; Farha Tasneem |
| Abstract: | This policy brief investigates how climate change and air pollution deepen poverty in the selected 32 climate vulnerable countries. The objective is to analyse the long-run relationship between environmental stressors and household welfare, and to recommend policy intervention that can break this climate–poverty trap. |
| Keywords: | climate change, air pollution, poverty trap, climate vulnerable countries, household welfare, PM2.5, GHG emissions climate adaptation, clean energy, green transportation, social protection, regional cooperation |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:82 |
| By: | Balboni, Clare; Shapiro, Joseph S |
| Abstract: | How do environmental goods and policies shape spatial patterns of economic activity? How will climate change modify these impacts over the coming decades? How do agglomeration, commuting, and other spatial forces and policies affect environmental quality? We distill theoretical and empirical research linking urban, regional, and spatial economics to the environment. We present stylized facts on spatial environmental economics, describe insights from canonical environmental models and spatial models, and discuss the building blocks for papers and the research frontier in enviro-spatial economics. Most enviro-spatial research remains bifurcated into either primarily environmental or spatial papers. Research is only beginning to realize potential insights from more closely combining spatial and environmental approaches. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt15j5r23s |
| By: | Kimsanova, Barchynai; Herzfeld, Thomas; Umirbekov, Atabek; Hermans, Kathleen; Müller, Daniel; Djanibekov, Nodir |
| Abstract: | This study develops a comprehensive framework to examine the interplay between socioeconomic well-being, environmental shocks, and migration decisions by integrating nationally representative household data with climate indices. Employing a spatial multinomial logit model, we distinguish between domestic, international, and combined migration while accounting for the influence of weather extremes. Our findings reveal a non-linear relationship between well-being and migration: financial and structural barriers limit mobility for poorer households, middle-income groups exhibit the highest propensity to migrate—particularly internationally—and wealthier households favor international over domestic movement. These insights challenge deterministic climate migration narratives, highlighting the need for integrated policies that address poverty, economic mobility, and climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356753 |
| By: | Gan, Weiming |
| Abstract: | Geographical indications (GIs) link products to the characteristics of their production areas (environment, culture, landscape), thereby capitalizing on consumer willingness to pay for these attributes. While existing literature has highlighted the economic effects of GIs, empirical research on their environmental impacts remains limited. Environmental factors underpin the economic benefits of GIs and may be unsustainable if not properly managed. To address this gap, we constructed a panel dataset by combining remote sensing data with county-level statistical data from 2000 to 2021. Using a staggered difference-in-differences method, our results show that GI certification led to an approximate 3.2% decrease in methane emis-16 sions, with each additional GI contributing 0.8% to the reduction. This finding remains robust after addressing selection bias. This effect stems mainly from a decrease in fertilizer application and an enhancement in agricultural technology, rather than a reduction in agricultural output. The methane reduction effects of GI certifications linked to tea and fruit products demonstrate heightened statistical significance. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356633 |
| By: | Atanasov, Atanas |
| Abstract: | As sustainability increasingly shapes business strategy and stakeholder expectations, integrating sustainability information across the value chain has become essential. This paper examines the role of sustainability disclosures as a mechanism for integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information within the wood-based industries in light of new reporting requirements. We analyze how value chain disclosures contribute to transparency, accountability, risk management, and sustainability performance. Companies that adopt a comprehensive approach to sustainability disclosure tend to demonstrate higher levels of stakeholder engagement and long-term strategic alignment with sustainability goals. However, challenges persist, including data fragmentation, limited supplier collaboration, and a lack of standardization in reporting formats. The paper also highlights the challenges faced by wood-based industries in maintaining effective supply chain collaborations and the need for innovative solutions to overcome barriers to sustainability. It advocates for a holistic approach that encompasses product design, recycling technologies, and waste management strategies to maximize resource utilization and minimize waste. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights into how wood-based industries can integrate sustainability information through value chain disclosures to achieve long-term sustainability and competitive advantage. |
| Keywords: | value chain disclosures, sustainability information, CSRD, CSDDD, wood-based industries |
| JEL: | M41 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126626 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Konstantinos Dellis; Monika Mavragani; Angelos Plataniotis; Chrysilia Pitti; Georgios Feretzakis |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a novel, data-driven methodology to systematically assess how European Green Deal policy texts address various Human Security Aspects, including newly acknowledged technological vulnerabilities. By analyzing official EU documents using advanced semantic modeling and transformerbased embedding techniques, we demonstrate how machine learning can identify thematic alignments or gaps in addressing human security within policies explicitly connected to the Sustainable Development Goals. Our approach, which employs Sentence-BERT models and cosine similarity measures, reveals that while EU Green Deal policies integrate all eight human security dimensions with relatively balanced coverage, economic, food, and community security receive slightly more emphasis than personal, political, and technological security aspects. These findings illuminate both strengths and opportunities for enhancement in current policy discourse, aiding stakeholders in designing interventions that explicitly integrate comprehensive human security perspectives. |
| Keywords: | Human Security, Machine Learning, EU Green Deal, Sustainability, Climate Policy, Natural Language Processing, Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2565 |
| By: | Matras, Paul; Seimert, Marc; Sitte, Jonas; Dietrich, Viktoria; Kaufmann, Andreas; Gärtner, Julian; Hoffmann, Mathias; Oertel, Cornelius; Wellbrock, Nicole |
| Abstract: | Bewaldete Moore machen zwar nur 2, 4 % der Waldfläche Deutschlands aus, sind jedoch ein bedeutender Kohlenstoffspeicher, der ein dauerhaftes Monitoring erfordert. Aktuell liegen für organische Böden unter Wald keine spezifischen Emissionsfaktoren vor, die für eine qualitativ hochwertige Berichterstattung an IPCC notwendig sind. Deshalb wurde das Thünen-Institut für Waldökosysteme durch das BMLEH mit dem Aufbau eines deutschlandweiten Moorbodenmonitorings für den Klimaschutz im Wald beauftragt. Weiterhin gilt es, die Karte der organischen Böden sowie die Angaben zum Anteil der entwässerten Moore unter Wald zu verbessern. In das Monitoringprogramm wurden 50 bewaldete Moore aufgenommen und mithilfe der Bestandestypen des Projekts WaMoBiKi klassifiziert. Sie decken die wichtigsten Hauptbaumarten auf Moorböden (Fichte, Kiefer, Birke und Erle) ab und enthalten eine hohe Variabilität an Moormächtigkeiten von 15 cm bis über 10 m. Die Auswertung der bisherigen Moorwasserstände ergibt ein erstes Bild vom Zustand des Wasserhaushalts der Moore. Anhand von Wasserstufen lässt sich abschätzen, ob ein Standort eher Torfzehrung, Torferhalt oder Torfwachstum aufweist. Für belastbare Aussagen zu langfristigen mittleren Wasserständen müssen die Messreihen noch über mehrere Jahre fortgeführt werden. Die Feuchtestufen korrelieren mit dem Anteil moortypischer Vegetation. Gleiches gilt für die Baumarten, wo Fichte in trockneren Mooren, Kiefer und Birke in mittleren Feuchten und Erle in nassen Mooren auftritt. Der Kohlenstoffspeicher der Bestände variiert von 1, 5 - 325, 5 t C ha⁻¹ und liegt im Mittel bei 86, 7 t C ha⁻¹. Auf nährstoffreichen Nieder- und Übergangsmooren sind die Vorräte höher als in nährstoffarmen Hochmooren. Werden die Baumarten betrachtet, so wird am meisten Kohlenstoff in Fichten- und Schwarzerlenbeständen gespeichert. Die Kohlenstoffvorräte in Kiefern- und Birkenbeständen sind deutlich niedriger. [...] |
| Abstract: | Forested peatlands account for only 2.4 % of Germany's forest area, but they represent a significant carbon reservoir requiring long-term monitoring. Currently, no specific emission factors exist for organic soils under forest, which are needed for high-quality reporting to the IPCC. Therefore, the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Regional Identity (BMLEH) to establish a nationwide peatland monitoring program for climate protection in forests. Additionally, mapping of organic soils and the proportion of drained forested peatlands is being improved. Fifty forested peatlands were included in the monitoring program and classified using the stand types of the WaMoBiKi project. They cover the main tree species occurring on peat soils (spruce, pine, birch, and alder) and show a wide range of peat thicknesses from 15 cm to over 10 m. The evaluation of current peatland water levels provides a first overview of the hydrological status of the sites. Based on water stages, it can be estimated whether a site is undergoing peat loss, peat preservation, or peat accumulation. To derive reliable information on long-term average water levels, the measurement series need to be continued for several more years. Analyses show that the assigned moisture classes correlate with the proportion of peat-specific vegetation. Likewise, tree species distribution reflects moisture conditions: spruce occurs in drier peatlands, pine and birch in moderately wet sites, and alder in wet peatlands. The carbon storage of the forest stands varies between 1.5 and 325.5 t C ha⁻¹, with a mean value of 86.7 t C ha⁻¹. Nutrient-rich lowland and transitional peatlands store considerably more carbon than nutrient-poor raised bogs. Considering tree species, the highest carbon stocks are found in spruce and black alder stands, while pine and birch stands store substantially less carbon. [...] |
| Keywords: | Moorböden, Monitoring, Wald, Kohlenstoffvorrat, Treibhausgasemissionen, Moorwasserstand, peat soil, forest, carbon stocks, greenhouse gas emissions, peat water level |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:331874 |
| By: | Afiq bin Oslan |
| Abstract: | Developed nations often position themselves as leaders in green movements and legislate protections for their local environment. In some cases, this can have indirect negative consequences as environmentally-harmful behaviours are simply displaced abroad. This paper argues, from a political-economic perspective, that the local environment in developed states may also become neglected as a result of the same policies as new regulations diminish the economic value of local environments. I demonstrate this phenomenon in a series of simple game-theoretical models where stakeholders of environmental resources respond to the policies of two trade partner governments. The models show that environmentally-conscious governments might have their green policies backfire — resulting in environmental neglect if the preferences of those directly managing environmental resources are not in sync. Thus, in their attempt to hide trade behind green rhetoric, developed nations may be promoting environmental neglect at both ends of the trade route. Discussions of the wood industry in post-war Japan and the EU Forest Strategy for 2030 supplement the models. |
| Keywords: | environmental politics, green-washing, renewable resources, political economy, game theory |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpi:wpaper:tax-mpg-rps-2024-09 |
| By: | Thomas Bauduin; Nathalie Gypens; Alberto A.V. Borges |
| Abstract: | Sub-daily variations might significantly impact the estimates of GHG emissions from lakes and ponds. The objectives of this study are (i) to quantify sub-daily variations of the emissions of CO2, CH4, and N2O from two urban ponds (Silex and Pêcheries) in the city of Brussels, (ii) to quantify if the sub-daily variations of GHG emissions were significant compared to their seasonal variations and to inter-pond variations among 20 other ponds in the city of Brussels. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), CH4 concentration, and N2O saturation level (%N2O) were measured hourly from dawn to dusk in the Pêcheries turbid-water pond and in the Silex clear-water pond during the four seasons in 2023–2024. pCO2 followed the day-night cycle of photosynthesis in spring and summer but was more erratic in winter and fall. The variations of CH4 concentration and %N2O were on most occasions erratic and difficult to attribute systematically to specific biogeochemical processes. The sub-daily variations of computed GHG emissions were mostly driven by variability in wind speed that usually peaked around mid-day. The comparison with previously acquired seasonal and inter-pond data (n = 22) showed that sub-daily variations of GHG fluxes were lower than seasonal variations, which were in turn lower than inter-pond variations. Consequently, to design sampling strategies to reduce the uncertainty on the estimate of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions a priority should be given to describe inter-system variability, followed by seasonal variability, and lastly sub-daily variability, in the context of the environmental management of inland waters, including urban ponds. |
| Keywords: | Brussels; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Urban ecology; Urban ponds; δ13C-CH4 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/387628 |
| By: | Yuan, Zhiming; Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Yumei; Wang, Jingjing; Meng, Ting |
| Abstract: | In the current Chinese diets, merely 14% of residents adhere to the recent dietary guidelines. The excessive consumption of red meat presents significant health and environmental challenges, leading to increased pressure on protein feed imports. This study proposes a pragmatic solution wherein the entire population partially replaces red meat with soybeans in China, and evaluates the impacts. Employing meta-analysis and counterfactual analysis, we investigate the correlations between food intake and disease risk, calculating avoidable mortality and the associated disease burden. Consuming 50g/day of soybeans may prevent 1.2 million deaths annually, saving $250.74 million indirect costs and $3.52 billion in direct medical expenses. Through substituting, completely eliminating the population exceeding 100g daily red meat intake in China could preventing 0.28 million deaths, and saving $247.66 million indirect and $2.06 billion direct medical costs. Furthermore, utilizing a partial equilibrium model, we projected the regional impacts and costs of following the recommended soybean consumption on water use, land use, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus emissions. Through dynamic data validation, estimating a 19.6% reduction in carbon emissions, 5.4% less water use, 26.2% lower nitrogen footprint, and 24.6% less phosphorus footprint. These findings offer valuable evidence for improving agricultural economic policies and strategies in China. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344309 |
| By: | SASAKI, Hiroki; HORIE, Shinya; HORIE, Tetsuya; TANAKA, Katsuya |
| Abstract: | In this study, we explore the impact of "Nudge" and "Boost" methodologies on mitigating methane emissions from rice cultivation, a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Through a cluster randomized control trial conducted in Japan, we assess whether strategic informational campaigns, incorporating these behavioral insight, can enhance the adoption of a prolonged mid-season drainage period, which can lower methane emissions from rice paddies. Our experimental results show notable differences in the effectiveness of basic communications from the local government as before (Control group) versus those enriched with social comparison messaging focusing on methane emission from paddy fields (Nudge). Specifically, we find a clear positive effect of social comparison messaging for farmers participating in community-based agriculture. Furthermore, our research indicates that targeted technical guidance (Boost), addressing prevalent concerns about altering traditional farming methods, significantly sways farmers' future intentions toward methane-reduction techniques. The study underscores the importance of combining nudges, which subtly alter the external choice architecture, with boosts that empower farmers' decision-making capabilities and counter cognitive biases, to effectively steer behavior towards environmentally sustainable practices. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344318 |
| By: | Dimitris Karlis; Michalis Doumpos; Dimitrios Papastamos; Ilias Liapikos |
| Abstract: | Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations are playing an increasingly significant role in real estate, influencing various aspects of the industry. This talk focuses on the impact of ESG factors—primarily environmental and social (ES) rather than governance (G)—on property valuation, particularly in the context of automated valuation models (AVMs). The scope of the research is twofold. Initially, we propose the development of an ESG index/score for properties, incorporating relevant characteristics, and explore how this score can be use into AVMs. The score takes into account property specific characteristics related to environmental factors but also social characteristics mostly related to the location of the property. Our findings suggest that ESG score positively influences the predictive accuracy of AVMs, indicating that the market indeed accounts for these aspects while considering property pricing. Additionally, we examine alternative proxies for environmental characteristics in valuation, such as the Environmental Performance Certificate, which is becoming increasingly relevant in recent years. Real data from a financial institution in Greece are used to demonstrate the methodology |
| Keywords: | automatic valuation; econometric models; environmental and social; Enviuronment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_282 |
| By: | Chandra, Rommila |
| Abstract: | A variety of ecosystem services are impacted by the transitory shift that the mountain agricultural system is going through from traditional crop farming to a cash crop economy. The goal of the study was to comprehend how different farming methods and decision-making processes contribute to balancing the positive and negative aspects of an agroecosystem in mountainous regions. The study elaborates on the various farm types' capacity to support sustainable agroecosystems by exploring a non-monetary assessment based on biophysical indicators and farmers' perspective. Via a bottom-up methodology, an indicator-based framework was used, and primary field data collection and household surveys in two types of village settlements—connected and isolated—were used to estimate the numerical values of the selected indicators. The study's policy recommendation is that comprehensive quantitative data on agricultural landscape planning and governance would be useful in shedding light on the ways in which farming practices and agricultural policies can affect the socioeconomic and environmental consequences of agricultural policy, thereby promoting the development of sustainable livelihoods. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344308 |
| By: | Arrizaga, Rubí (Universidad de Santiago de Chile); Clarke, Damian (University of Chile); Cubillos, Pedro (University College London); Ruiz-Tagle, Cristóbal (LSE) |
| Abstract: | We study the impacts of wildfires in Chile mapping local exposure to over 1, 000 large wildfires occurring over 20 wildfire seasons. We consider both how very local exposure patterns owing to changes in ambient conditions -- such as wind, atmospheric and topographic conditions -- affect exposure to air pollution from wildfires, as well as how this exposure shapes health and educational outcomes both contemporaneously and in the years following exposure. We use tens of millions of population records on admissions to hospital, birth outcomes (birth weight, size and gestational weeks), and students outcomes (GPA, standardized tests, and attendance rates). We find harmful effects of exposure to wildfires smoke on health, specifically among sensitive groups such as infants, and that these effects are transmitted over the life course onto worsen health and educational outcomes. This findings can be used for quantifying the benefits of fire prevention and suppression efforts as well as early warning and mitigation systems for wildfire smoke. |
| Keywords: | human capital, air pollution, wildfires, climate change, health, Latin America |
| JEL: | Q54 I18 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18256 |
| By: | Was, Adam; Kobus, Paweł; Majewski, Edward; Rawa, Grzegorz |
| Abstract: | Methane emission from cattle production is considered an essential part of total GHG emissions from the agricultural sector. Common Agricultural Policy introduced agri-environment climate measures (AECM) based on voluntary contracts between farmers and state authorities, which can be used as instruments to reduce GHG emissions, including methane. The paper presents the study’s results1 aimed at identifying farmers’ preferences regarding actions for mitigating methane emission at dairy farms and an optimal solution for the most efficient, assuming a given mitigation target, set of actions. Discrete Choice Experiment and optimisation procedure were applied. The results show that the most efficient from taxpayers’ point of view are biofilters supported by Result-Based contracts. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356747 |
| By: | Rene-Ojas Woltering; David Downs; Seong Wook Park |
| Abstract: | As the real estate sector grapples with its substantial environmental footprint, quantifying the economic value of sustainability has become imperative. In fact, hospitality is the segment of the real estate industry with the highest carbon footprint. Yet, there is scant evidence assessing the presence of a “green premium” for hotels. Our paper is the first to address this shortcoming. Utilizing a dataset of 811 UK hotel transactions from 2007 to 2022, we estimate a hedonic regression model to quantify the price differentials attributed to Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) ratings. We find a significant price premium for hotels with higher EPC ratings: a 16% premium for A and B ratings (i.e., the two highest ratings), and a 10% premium for C and above ratings, and a nearly 10% discount for D through G (i.e., the lowest ratings). These findings are indicative of the tangible economic value associated with higher degrees of energy efficiency and, perhaps more importantly, suggest increased investor attention to energy efficiency. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency; Green premium; Hedonic valuation; sustainability |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_158 |
| By: | Roudari, Soheil; Omidi, Vahid; Ahmadian-Yazdi, Fazaneh |
| Abstract: | Countries with significant fossil fuel deposits may start to think about mining coins if the price of fossil fuels drops. This suggests that countries that export energy may decide to use the power produced from their fossil fuel stockpiles as a substitute method of cryptocurrency mining. To determine the extent of this trend, this research employs the TVP-VAR-EJC model to analyze the vulnerability and impact of the renewable energy market, cryptocurrencies, and fossil fuel energy between 18/01/2018 and 17/02/2023. The results reveal that the cryptocurrency market transmitted net shocks throughout the majority of the period. While the intensity of this relationship decreased in recent months, there is not enough evidence to validate the claim that energy-rich countries typically employ fossil fuels as a cryptocurrency mining input. |
| Keywords: | Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Bitcoin, Ethereum, TVP-VAR, Graph Theory |
| JEL: | C58 G11 Q41 |
| Date: | 2024–03–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126833 |
| By: | James Moriarty-Simmonds; Grazyna Wiejak-Roy; Sandra Weinfeld |
| Abstract: | The built environment is one of the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Real estate investors are at the forefront of emission reduction. Investors have come under increasing pressure from stakeholders to accurately disclose their greenhouse gas emissions. This research explores embodied carbon disclosures of real estate investment companies listed on the London Stock Exchange that invest in the United Kingdom. Based on purposive sampling, a content analysis method was applied to identify, quantify and qualify public disclosures relating to embodied carbon emissions. This research finds that: (1) only Main Market listed companies make embodied carbon disclosures, (2) nearly all embodied carbon disclosures are made by members of the European Public Real Estate Association, (3) mixed/diversified investors followed by office asset class investors provide more embodied carbon disclosures, (4) larger investment companies (measured by market capitalisation) tend to make more public disclosures on their embodied carbon emissions. However, overall the embodied carbon disclosures are very limited and of low informational value, raising concerns about the actual embodied carbon emissions of these investment companies. |
| Keywords: | Embodied Carbon; public disclosure; reporting |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_10 |
| By: | Zong, Jian; Zhu, Maoran; Xie, Wei |
| Abstract: | Dietary shifts are key for enhancing the sustainability of current national food systems but need to account for potential human health and environmental spillover effects as well. Employing the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), we examine the direct health and environmental effects of countries adopting national recommended dietary patterns on their own health and environment, as well as spillovers through food trade. We find that when countries shift to their National food based dietary guidelines it could make great improvements in human health (e.g., changes in obesity rates) but positive and negative impacts on the environment (e.g., changes in blue water use). It will have spillover effects on the health and environment of other countries through the price-income mechanism of food trade, so that the dietary shift does not necessarily result in universally beneficial outcomes for global health and the environment. In light of these findings, we explore alternative policy solutions, such as technical assistance, to enhance the potential for win-win outcomes for both health and the environment during dietary shifts. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344345 |
| By: | Karp, Larry |
| Abstract: | Recently discussed international climate policies are suboptimal and do not include international trade in carbon permits. My estimate of the gains from reallocating abatement distinguishes between “fiat gains” that can be achieved by using public information to reallocate quotas, and ``market gains” that require a mechanism to reveal private or non-verifiable information. I estimate that market gains would reduce abatement costs by 7\% at an abatement target of 40\%, but this would finance only a 1\% increase in abatement. The suboptimality of policy targets favors quotas over taxes, but the lack of international trade swamps this effect, favoring taxes. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, asymmetric information, pollution control, cap and trade, Article 6 of Paris Agreement, policy ranking |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt3b14h7g0 |
| By: | Euan Ritchie (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the performance metrics by which the World Bank judges the success of its climate mitigation projects. These indicators provide valuable insights into what such projects are aiming to achieve, as well as shedding light on what the World Bank is actually achieving through each of its projects. Overall, despite common conceptions, performance metrics suggest that World Bank mitigation projects are rarely motivated by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This metric is rarely tracked, and projects tend to focus instead on energy access and other infrastructure. However, where the World Bank does report its GHG emissions impact, performance metrics suggest that the World Bank mitigation projects are reasonably cost-effective in reducing emissions, with an average cost per ton of CO2 equivalent averted of between $26 and $43. But projects financed from trust funds specifically targeting climate objectives avert GHG emissions at much lower costs. |
| Date: | 2025–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:369 |
| By: | Kubitza, Christoph; Eckert, Sandra; Lay, Jann |
| Abstract: | Despite the numerous ‘Western’ initiatives to improve the sustainability of global agricultural supply chains, there is little evidence on whether these initiatives can effectively reduce environmental degradation in tropical cultivation areas at scale. In our study, we analyze patterns in the establishment of oil palm plantations and deforestation on peatlands in Indonesia. We compare plantations established by investors from high-income countries (HIC), many of which are covered by sustainability certification, with plantations established by domestic investors or by investors from other low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Our dataset comprises 386 concessions in Kalimantan and Papua with their investment structure, annual satellite imagery on forest loss and oil palm cultivation, and spatial maps on peatlands. Our results show a divergence in production practices in global agricultural supply chains after 2011, with actors tied to HIC reducing degradation of peatlands within their concessions, while actors from LMIC continued to show no specific protection of these high conservation value areas. While this is good news in terms of the effectiveness of ‘western’ initiatives for sustainable supply chains, companies linked to HIC comprise only 10% of the concession area in the research region compared to companies from LMIC which will limit the overall impact of ‘western’ supply chain initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344268 |
| By: | Mongelli Ignazio (European Commission - JRC); Avila Uribe Antonio (European Commission - JRC); Maes Joachim; Duran Laguna Jorge; Feyen Luc (European Commission - JRC); Ciscar Martinez Juan Carlos (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report examines the magnitude and geography of the economic consequences of climate risks in European NUTS3 regions using a new regional economic growth model that accounts for spatial spillover effects. The assessment, based on the JRC PESETA V project, focuses on a 2⁰C scenario of global warming by 2050 and considers seven climate impact categories: labor productivity, droughts, coastal flooding, river flooding, storms, wildfires and transport infrastructure. By 2050, the 2°C global warming scenario could result in an average 0.7% EU GDP loss (0.8% EU consumption loss), accumulating to an undiscounted €2.5 trillion in GDP losses, highlighting a significant economic burden. The results also indicate that there is a large spatial asymmetry in climate risks, affecting more regions in Southern and Eastern European countries (Greece, Cyprus, Croatia, Portugal, Spain and Italy). Northern European regions are more vulnerable to river and coastal flooding, while Southern and Eastern European regions are disproportionately affected by productivity losses, droughts and coastal flooding. The current allocation of European cohesion funds partially mitigates this asymmetric pattern of climate risks. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc143093 |
| By: | Samuele Centorrino; Emanuele Massetti; Mr. Mehdi Raissi; Filippos Tagklis |
| Abstract: | Climate change threatens macroeconomic and financial stability through rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, sea level rise, and more frequent and intense extreme weather, in addition to other factors. To better assess vulnerabilities and future risks, climate change effects should be integrated in long-term macroeconomic projections. This note shows how to include the effect of rising temperatures into long-term GDP projections using a three-step method: (1) estimating macroeconomic effects of rising temperatures from historical data, (2) building temperature change scenarios from climate model simulations, and (3) integrating impacts into long-term GDP projections. The methodology addresses key empirical challenges and can be leveraged to assess the effects of temperature increases on fiscal variables, including public debt. Impact assessments for 171 countries are available in an online Data Appendix. |
| Keywords: | Rising temperatures; Climate change; GDP projections; Macroeconomic impacts; Temperature adaptation; Fiscal risks; Climate scenarios |
| Date: | 2025–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfhtn:2025/009 |
| By: | Bi, Afrin Zainab; KB, Umesh |
| Abstract: | Vegetable production is an important constituent in Indian agriculture and has a vital role in achieving nutritional security. Factors such as perishability, high value and good yield response to external inputs has led to intensification of vegetable production. Measuring the sustainability of vegetable production and factors influencing it by employing suitable indicators will be helpful in designing of policy instruments and production practices for economically viable and environmentally sustainable production. Thus, the present study was designed to assess the plot level sustainability in Karnataka, a major vegetable growing state in India. Both the economic and environmental sustainability scores were low, proving the existence of ample opportunity to improve the sustainability of the vegetables in the state. Overall composite sustainability indicator for the economic pillar had better accomplishment than the environmental pillar for both the vegetables. The results show that the size of the holding, preference for higher incomes, years of experience in growing vegetables had significant and positive impact on economic sustainability. Flood irrigation decreases the economic sustainability in comparison to rainfed farming system. The low scores of sustainability reflects the crucial role of farmers’ productive decisions, which finally Determine the level of sustainability of each individual farm. Thus, there is room to incentivize producers to modify the way they manage their resources through appropriate policy instruments in order to upgrade their sustainability performance. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344307 |
| By: | Leef H. Dierks (Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Climate change, political measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the transition to a carbon-neutral economy have a significant economic impact. In addition to a dampening effect on aggregate demand and supply, the internalisation of negative externalities will likely in-crease production costs and – in the case of a pass-through to consumers – ultimately the in-flation rate. To the extent that this affects the (SEACEN member) central bank’s objectives of price and financial stability, climate-fuelled economic developments might impact monetary policy – with several central banks resorting to a Green Monetary Policy. This paper identifies its common elements and argues that event though fiscal policies are first best, monetary poli-cy adapts where climate risks impair price and/or financial stability over the policy horizon. Monetary policy has a subsidiary role that operates through its mandate; where climate risks affect inflation and transmission, instruments may be adapted without replacing fiscal policy. The greatest contribution SEACEN member central banks can make to the green transfor-mation, however, is to ensure price stability. |
| Keywords: | green monetary policy, green finance, financial stability, market neutrality, tilting |
| JEL: | E31 E42 E52 E58 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp58 |
| By: | Mgomezulu, Wisdom Richard; Machila, Kennedy; Edriss, Abdi-Khalil; Pangapanga-Phiri, Innocent |
| Abstract: | Different scholars have modelled the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) with a goal of improving farmer’s adaptive capacity to climate change. Nonetheless, through the conventional way of defining adoption decisions as one-time survey decisions, many scholars have failed to understand inconsistencies in adoption decisions and dis-adoption of such practices. Through a survey of 2100 maize farming households, the current study employed multivariate probit models to understand and compare one-time survey season adoption decisions and sustained (consistent) adoption decisions. The study notes that dis-adoption rates of SAPs range from 20 to 27 percent. As such, the determinants of dis-adoption were estimated to build a case for going beyond one-time adoption survey decisions. Furthermore, the study employed a Cox Proportional hazard model to understand the relative risk to adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices over time. The findings reveal the need for a modelling paradigm shift in understanding adoption decisions for sustainable benefits. Lastly, the findings reveal the need for intensifying knowledge and information dissemination on SAPs through field demonstrations, extension visits, trainings and radio programs in order to reduce dis-adoption and ensure sustained adoption. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344289 |
| By: | Dillon, Emma J.; Moran, Brian |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the integration of the social dimension in the assessment of farm-level sustainability. While the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainability have been widely addressed, the social aspect remains generally underdeveloped. Drawing on insights from indicator development through the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) in Ireland, this study highlights critical social sustainability elements including farmer well-being, generational renewal, and community engagement. Findings to date reveal sectoral and regional disparities in challenges such as stress, work-life balance, and access to services, underscoring the need for tailored policy interventions. As indicator development is an iterative process, the paper recognises the need to expand the existing indicator set and calls for enhanced data collection and the co-design of new indicators to better capture the multidimensional nature of social sustainability. The integration of social insights into policy is imperative to gain a better understanding of the sustainability and resilience of agriculture. This is all the more relevant in order to facilitate a just transition for farm families in face of environmental challenges and the advancement of broader sustainability goals. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356708 |
| By: | Paudel, Gokul P.; Chamberlin, Jordan; Nguyen, Trung Thanh |
| Abstract: | Sustainable intensification (SI) has been promoted within smallholder farming systems to improve agricultural productivity and reduce negative environmental externalities associated with agri-food systems. However, existing studies are concentrated towards the productivity effects of SI and input use efficiency impacts of SI are scant. This study assesses the impact of early sowing of wheat on productivity, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, and combined fertilizer use efficiency in the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. We use the two-stage least squares instrumental variable approach to control the potential endogeneity that arises from both observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity. We find that early sowing improves all resource use efficiency measures, as well as productivity. However, these impacts are unevenly distributed. Early sowing of wheat on large farms and farms applying doses of fertilizers exceeding the state recommendations are weakly associated with productivity and fertilizer use efficiency. Our findings suggest that while SI has potential to boost wheat productivity and fertilizer use efficiency, significant policy initiatives are required to minimize the over-application of fertilizers and mitigate the negative environmental externalities associated with agri-food systems in India. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344263 |
| By: | Aguiar-Nourya, Felipe; Buckley, Cathal; Hynes, Stephen |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356768 |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel PhD; Xiao, Ivan |
| Abstract: | Under California Assembly Bill 617 (Garcia, 2017), local and state agencies are working to reduce airpollution exposure in low income communities. These communities—often referred to as AB 617 communities—are disproportionately impacted by air pollution due to their proximity to transportation corridors, industrial installations, and logistics centers. A research team at the University of California, Davis investigated the impact of truck parking related activities on air quality in California’s AB 617 communities in Kern County, including truck idling, time spent searching for parking, and parking locations in communities. Searching for parking involves trucks driving extra miles to find available parking spaces, which leads to additional fuel consumption and increased emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10). Once parked, prolonged or illegal parking can exacerbate congestion, noise, and localized pollution. These combined activities heighten exposure to harmful emissions in AB 617 communities, potentially leading to health issues (e.g., asthma and cardiovascular diseases). |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:uctcwp:qt7x85h2wx |
| By: | Álvaro Fernández-Gallardo (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the dynamic causal effects of natural disasters on economic activity using weekly U.S. state-level data over the last forty years. Focusing on large, plausibly unexpected events, we find a temporary decline in state activity that starts in the first week and dissipates within a year. The size and persistence of this decline are scaled with the initial severity and are primarily driven by disruptions to mobility, manufacturing sentiment, exports, household spending, and labor markets. Inflation shows a muted response. We further show that these geographically concentrated shocks rarely register at the national level, underscoring the importance of high-frequency, regional data for capturing the full dynamics of geographically concentrated shocks like natural disasters. Lastly, we show that property insurance materially shapes outcomes: states with higher property insurance coverage experience milder downturns and faster recoveries. Our findings indicate that access to property insurance plays a key role in cushioning local economies against the disruptive effects of natural disasters. |
| Keywords: | climate change, natural disasters, local projections, economic activity, high-frequency data |
| JEL: | E23 F18 O44 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2542 |
| By: | Daria Sakhanda; Joshu\'e Hel\'i Ricalde-Guerrero |
| Abstract: | The paper develops a unified framework for stochastic growth models with environmental risk, in which rare but catastrophic shocks interact with capital accumulation and pollution. The analysis begins with a Poisson process formulation, leading to a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation with jump terms that admits closed-form candidate solutions and yields a composite state variable capturing exposure to rare shocks. The framework is then extended by endogenizing disaster intensity via a nonhomogeneous Poisson process, showing how environmental degradation amplifies macroeconomic risk and strengthens incentives for abatement. A further extension introduces pollution diffusion alongside state-dependent jump intensity, yielding a tractable jump-diffusion HJB that decomposes naturally into capital and pollution components under power-type value functions. Finally, a formulation in terms of Poisson random measures unifies the dynamics, makes arrivals and compensators explicit, and accommodates state-dependent magnitudes. Together, these results establish rigorous verification theorems, highlight how vulnerability emerges endogenously from the joint evolution of capital and pollution, and show that the prospect of rare, state-dependent disasters fundamentally reshapes optimal intertemporal trade-offs. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.13568 |
| By: | Frank, Stefan; Dettmann, Ullrich; Piayda, Arndt; Seidel, Ronny; Amiri, Elaheh; Bamberger, Saskia; Heidkamp, Arne; Heller, Sebastian; Holzträger, Sylvia; Kuwert, Malina; Lakeberg, Silvana; Laqua, Sharon; Minke, Merten; Nagel, Stefan; Oehmke, Willi; Schemschat, Bernd; Simon, Carolin; Wittnebel, Mareille; Wywias, Holger; Tiemeyer, Bärbel |
| Abstract: | Moorböden (vereinfacht für Moor- und weitere organische Böden) sind durch einen hohen und vulnerablen Vorrat an organischem Kohlenstoff (C org) gekennzeichnet. Änderungen des Corg-Vorrats sowie Emissionen der weiteren Treibhausgase (THG) Methan und Lachgas müssen im Rahmen der jährlichen Emissionsberichterstattung berichtet und angerechnet werden. Zur Berechnung der THG-Emissionen müssen deren Steuergrößen und die Verteilung der Moorböden in Deutschland bekannt sein. Das Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Heimat (BMLEH) hat das Thünen-Institut mit dem Aufbau eines deutschlandweiten Moorbodenmonitorings beauftragt, wobei das Monitoring im Offenland durch das Thünen-Institut für Agrarklimaschutz und das Monitoring im Wald durch das Thünen-Institut für Waldökosysteme durchgeführt wird. Ziele des Moorbodenmonitorings sind die Einrichtung eines repräsentativen Monitoring-Netzwerks für alle landesweit vorkommenden Landnutzungen sowie für Flächen mit THG-Minderungsmaßnahmen. Darüber hinaus sollen die Voraussetzungen für eine langfristige Bewertung der Klimawirksamkeit geschaffen und die relevanten Steuergrößen erfasst werden. Ein weiteres Ziel ist die Weiterentwicklung der am Thünen-Institut bestehenden Regionalisierungsansätze und die Integration dieser in die Emissionsberichterstattung. Das Moorbodenmonitoring im Offenland beruht auf einem clusterbasierten Ansatz, d.h. die Monitoringflächen verteilen sich auf 45 Cluster, die typische Charakteristika der Moorböden abbilden sollen. Die Monitoringflächen werden dabei nach der Bodenkategorie, der Landnutzung sowie der Hydrologie in zwei bis drei Ebenen stratifiziert. Langfristig soll das Monitoring-Netzwerk 150 Monitoringflächen umfassen. Bisher wurden 118 Monitoringflächen mit Unterstützung der Flächeneigentümer*innen und Flächenbewirtschafter*innen eingerichtet. Alle Arbeiten auf den Monitoringflächen wurden nach einheitlichen und veröffentlichten Methoden in den Bereichen Boden, Hydrologie, Vegetation und Geländehöhen durchgeführt. Über Fragebögen und Schlagkarteien erfolgte zusätzlich eine Abfrage wesentlicher Managementinformationen. [...] |
| Abstract: | Peat soils, encompassing peat and other organic soils, store large and vulnerable amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in these SOC stocks must be reported annually within greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. Accurate national reporting and accounting requires knowledge of both the magnitude of stock changes and the controlling factors, as well as the distribution of peat soils across Germany. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Regional Identity (BMLEH) tasked the Thünen Institute to establishing a nationwide peat soil monitoring program. Monitoring in open landscapes is conducted by the Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, while forest monitoring is handled by the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems. The program aims to establish a representative monitoring network that captures the national distribution of land use on peat soils and areas with GHG mitigation measures. In addition, the program aims to create the basis for a long-term assessment of climate effects and to capture the relevant driving factors. Another objective is to further develop the regionalization approaches already established at the Thünen Institute and integrate them into emission reporting. The monitoring network is based on a cluster approach, i.e., the monitoring sites are distributed in 45 cluster representing characteristic peatland areas. The monitoring sites are stratified according to soil type, land use, and hydrology. To date (10/2025), 118 sites have been established across Germany, with standardized measurements of soil, hydrology, vegetation, and surface motion, supplemented by management surveys. Long-term monitoring aims to include 150 sites. [...] |
| Keywords: | Moorboden, organische Böden, organische Bodensubstanz, Kohlenstoffvorrat, Stickstoffvorrat, Hydrologie, Geländehöhen, Monitoring, Landnutzung, Treibhausgasemissionen, Emissionsberichterstattung, peatland, organic soils, soil organic matter, carbon stock, nitrogen stock, hydrology, surface motion, monitoring, land use, greenhouse gas, emission reporting |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:331864 |
| By: | Frank Milne (Economics Department Queen’s University Kingston Ontario, Canada) |
| Abstract: | For the past 20 years, Australia has introduced policies encouraging and subsidizing renewable electricity generation. Since the election of the Australian Labor Party government in 2022, these policies have been accelerated. We show that international evidence of the heavy cost of renewable energy projects has been ignored. Cost-benefit studies show that these projects cannot be justified with any reasonable price for carbon dioxide emissions. Consequently, the Australian economy has suffered greatly increased prices for electricity provided by the grid. In turn, this has increased the rate of deindustrialization in key industries, contributed to a cost-of-living crisis for consumers and made the country more strategically vulnerable. |
| JEL: | Q2 Q3 Q4 H54 |
| Date: | 2025–11–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4638 |
| By: | Xianglin Sun; Sven Damen |
| Abstract: | Flooding represents a major natural hazard with significant economic consequences. We study the causal effect of the introduction of a mandatory flood risk disclosure policy in Flanders in 2013, which introduced explicit flood risk labels in property listings. Leveraging extensive transaction data and employing Difference-in-Differences (DiD) and Difference-in-Discontinuity (Diff-in-Disc) methods, we assess the policy's influence on housing prices. Our results reveal that properties located in potential flood risk zones experienced price declines of up to 4.71%, suggesting heightened market sensitivity to disclosed flood risks. However, for properties in effective flood risk zones, we find no consistent impact, likely reflecting existing awareness of flood exposure. These findings highlight the effectiveness of mandatory disclosure in mitigating information asymmetries and contribute to the broader discourse on environmental risk communication and housing market behavior. |
| Keywords: | flood risk; housing market; Mandatory Disclosure Policy |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_222 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Foqoruddin Al Kabir; Nuzaira Zareen |
| Abstract: | The recently announced Reciprocal TariffÂs (RTs) by US President Donald Trump have triggered a lot of uncertainties and anxieties worldwide, both in view of trade with the US and also from the perspectives of global trade and economic growth. For obvious reasons, Bangladesh has been no exception, particularly because US is one of Bangladesh’s key trade and economic partners. |
| Keywords: | climate budget, Bangladesh, climate vulnerability, natural disasters, economic losses, damaged infrastructure, crop loss, climate-induced migration, economic growth |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:76 |
| By: | José Aurazo; Rafael Guerra; Pablo Tomasini; Alexandre Tombini; Christian Upper |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of environmental factors on international capital flows – specifically portfolio, bank, and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows – to emerging market economies (EMEs). Using two complementary approaches, we first analyse how recipient country factors influence capital flows for 21 EMEs, finding that EMEs with lower exposure to extreme weather events, a greener energy mix, more and stronger climate-related policies tend to attract greater capital inflows. Second, using bilateral data for FDI and bank flows, we explore the role of sending country factors (advanced economies, AEs) in determining capital inflows to EMEs. The results suggest that stricter environmental regulations in AEs lead to increased capital inflows to EMEs with weaker green regulations. This suggests an "emission shifting" effect. At the same time, though, they also route more investment to EMEs with a greener energy mix. These findings underscore the significance of environmental factors in shaping international capital flows. |
| Keywords: | environmental factors, capital flows, emerging markets, energy mix |
| JEL: | F21 F23 F64 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:biswps:1308 |
| By: | Nguyen, Duc Duy; Nguyen, Huyen; Nguyen, Trang; Sila, Vathunyoo |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how firms adjust the number and types of workers they hire in response to increased biodiversity transition risk. Using the adoption of the Key Biodiversity Areas Standard of 2016 as a source of variation that increases the risk of future land-use restrictions, we find that firms reduce job postings in affected areas and reallocate labor to less exposed regions. This effect is concentrated among firms that make negative impacts on biodiversity. Cuts are stronger among production roles, while hiring in green and adaptive occupations increases. The effect is not driven by changes in capital investment or workers' labor supply decisions. Our findings contribute to the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of biodiversity conservation policies and their implications for labor market outcomes. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity risk, Key Biodiversity Areas, labor demand, labor supply |
| JEL: | G30 J01 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:331888 |
| By: | Fernández, Enrique G.; Borges, Magdalena; Ferraro, Bruno; Rava, Catalina; Lanfranco, Bruno |
| Abstract: | In a collaborative effort with private agents of the oilseed industry, we carried out a research project to determine the feasibility of framing soybean production in Uruguay into sustainable development pathway. We adopted a spatial model based on land suitability analysis to estimate potential yields and the most suitable area for cultivation. We imposed several restrictions to define the potential cropping land based on risk erosion, current and alternative soil uses, transportation and logistics costs, and crop economic margins. We built different price-yields scenarios to estimate the potential area. With all restrictions imposed, the potential soybean area would be 2.1 million hectares by 2050, on rotation with other crops and pastures with an average yield of 3.3 MT/ha. This ad-hoc approach can be extended to any crop situation or region when the objective is to define how far it is possible to expand and intensify production without compromising the environment. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344273 |
| By: | Chiadmi, Ines |
| Abstract: | The efficacy of information provision policy instruments is proven to complement traditional environmental policies in pollution control. In the agricultural sector, information is notably disseminated through agricultural extension services. In this study, we focus on advisory services that target the improvement of soil and water quality in Flanders, Belgium. Using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), we elicit Flemish farmers’ preferences for advisory strategies in terms of the group size, the interaction format, the provenance of the advisors, the theme of guidance activities, the frequency and the cost of participation. The DCE analysis results, accounting for both homogeneous and heterogeneous preferences, indicate a consistent aversion to government-affiliated advisors and sensitivity to the cost attribute. The latent class model reveals two distinct segments: one pragmatic class, which prioritizes face-to-face interactions, private consultants, and cost considerations, and another more engaged class, open to participating in guidance activities as long as they are not led by government advisors, while still exhibiting a negative sensitivity to cost. We are currently investigating the interaction between our DCE results and covariates representing farmers’ satisfaction with existing advisory activities and their tendencies toward information avoidance. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356774 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Atikuzzaman Shazeed |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh aims for 30% renewable electricity by 2030, but only 5.6% of capacity is currently renewable. This study examines the incoherence among 22 power sector policies, laws, plans, and guidelines, using a quantitative network analysis to assess alignment for energy transition. |
| Keywords: | BangladeshPowerSector, EnergyTransition, RenewableEnergy, PowerSectorPolicies, EnergyGovernance, SustainableEnergy, Renewables2030, PowerSectorReform, CleanEnergy |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:73 |
| By: | Chihiro YAGI; Kenji TAKEUCHI |
| Abstract: | Unexpected shocks to the electricity supply can influence people’s decision to invest in renewable energy, particularly when these technologies serve as substitutes for backup power. This study investigates the impact of a large-scale power outage on subsequent photovoltaic (PV) installations and examines how households and firms evaluate the expected benefit of PV systems as an emergency power source. Using a doubly-robust difference-indifferences design, we exploit the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake in Japan as a natural experiment to estimate the effect of the subsequent blackout on municipality-level PV installations. Our results show that the blackout significantly increased commercial PV installations but had no effect on residential installations. In particular, commercial PV capacity rose by 3.900 kW per 1, 000 people per half-year following the blackout. Additional analysis suggests that the intermittent nature of solar power may limit the reliability of residential PV systems during emergencies, especially under adverse weather conditions. These findings highlight the need to address intermittency to enhance the role of PV systems as a resilient infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Solar power; blackout; backup energy; doubly-robust DID |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-25-010 |
| By: | Qiu, Bobing; Lin, Jiang; Duenas Melendez, Sergio |
| Abstract: | The sharp decline in the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has led to a dramatic increase in its global deployment over the past decade. In California, a pioneer in renewable energy adoption, solar generation has increased nearly ten-fold, creating significant challenges for grid integration—most notably exemplified by the so-called “duck curve.” This review examines the state’s evolving strategies for managing an increasingly solar-dominant grid in a cost-effective manner. We highlight two key strategies. First, with procurement mandates and rebate incentives, California has strategically invested in and expanded battery energy storage systems, enabling the capture and dispatch of excess solar power during peak net load hours as a cleaner and more flexible alternative to natural gas. Second, electricity interchange, through the real-time Western Energy Imbalance Market, has enhanced operational flexibility and supported more efficient solar integration in California. Despite this progress, long-term challenges remain for fully replacing the state’s natural gas generation with clean, dispatchable alternatives. |
| Keywords: | Physical Sciences and Mathematics, duck curve, renewables, electricity market, integration, battery storage |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt34b106b2 |
| By: | Kirtley, A. |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development in agricultural trade requires agents to embrace changes to traditional practises that favour conservation and investing into their communities to incite social change. Recently, there has been a shift to prioritise the sustainability of coffee production in developing countries, with many exports now being subject to voluntary sustainability standards (VSS). These VSS apply pressures to farmers to adopt more environmentally and socially conscious production methods. Unfortunately, the uptake of VSS has remained low. To explore potential motives for this low uptake, we present the results of a lab in the field experiment uncovering the effect of information provision and peer influence on the performance of Vietnamese coffee farmers in a repeated one-shot threshold public good game. The purpose of this experiment was to understand whether cooperation towards the provision of a sustainable public good can be increased through information diffusion. This paper endeavoured to highlight a causal link between being more informed and an individual's valuation of sustainability. Estimates of farmer's willingness to contribute revealed that those who discussed information with peers were more likely to invest in sustainability for their community. These findings suggest peer pressure can nudge farmers toward the more socially optimal outcome. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356628 |
| By: | Martijn Dröes; Marc Francke; Lukas Hofmann |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of land subsidence, the sinking of the land surface, on property values. Land subsidence can affect properties by damaging the foundation or increasing their exposure to flood risk. Based on detailed property transaction data from the Netherlands and high-quality geodata on current and future subsidence and flood risks, we find that property that is currently subsiding trades at a 0.8% discount if it is built on a foundation prone to damage. Flood-prone properties predicted to subside in the future trade at 1.5% lower prices. The estimates indicate that buyers underestimate foundation risk but overestimate flood risk. Furthermore, an increase in Google searches for subsidence by one standard deviation leads to an additional price discount of 0.8% for houses in subsiding areas. This discount is lower for the properties with the highest subsidence risk, further indicating that risk is not adequately priced. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk; land subsidence; property prices; Risk Perception |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_161 |
| By: | Mantey, Vida; Bosch, Christine; Missiame, Arnold; Birner, Regina; Birkenberg, Athena; Yameogo, Viviane Guesbeogo; Mburu, John |
| Abstract: | Dairy production is an important contributor to food security and poverty reduction, but it is also a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The development of smallholder agricultural carbon projects, such as the Mt. Elgon project, provides an opportunity for farmers to receive benefits for adopting sustainable practices that not only potentially increase farm productivity but also reduce GHG emissions. While there is growing evidence that agricultural cooperatives in conventional development projects improve the adoption of agricultural technologies and the economic performance of smallholder farms, there is a research gap on the role that dairy cooperatives can play in smallholder agricultural carbon projects. This study examines the role of dairy cooperatives in smallholder agricultural carbon projects and assesses the impact of cooperative membership on the technical efficiency of smallholder dairy carbon farmers in Western Kenya. The study used a mixed methods approach. A participatory and visual mapping tool, Net-Map, was used to identify key actors and their linkages. Stochastic frontier and endogenous switching regression models were used to estimate technical efficiency and assess the impact of cooperative membership on the technical efficiency of smallholder dairy carbon farmers, respectively. The results show that dairy cooperatives in carbon projects play an important role in project design and implementation, as well as in carbon monitoring and reporting. On average, smallholder farmers are 35.3 percent technically efficient, and cooperative members have lower technical efficiency than non-members. This finding can be attributed to the way these dairy cooperatives were set up and the fact that some farmers joined the cooperatives to participate in the project. Furthermore, an average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and an average treatment effect on the untreated (ATU) of 0.311 and 0.251 respectively was observed. In general, the study concludes that without critical sources of heterogeneity, dairy cooperatives can support smallholder carbon farmers not only to improve their efficiency but also to promote sustainable dairy farming. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344343 |
| By: | Brodeur, Abel (University of Ottawa); Cook, Nikolai (Wilfrid Laurier University); Valenta, David (University of Ottawa) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are increasingly viewed as both a potential driver of environmental sustainability and a contributor to global energy demand. Yet little is known about how the public interprets these dual narratives. We conducted a pre-registered online experiment (N = 2142) on a representative sample of the United States to examine how framing the environmental impacts of AI—as positive or negative—affects beliefs, policy preferences, and behavioral intentions. Positive messaging led to greater optimism about AI’s environmental impact, lower support for regulation, increased support for government subsidies of AI-enabled technology adoption, and increased consumer preferences for AI-enabled appliances. Negative messaging increased support for regulation and decreased support for government subsidies. Consistent with previous evidence, the messenger (scientist vs journalist) had minimal impact. Our findings highlight the power of environmental framing in shaping public narratives around AI, with implications for science communication, sustainability governance, and technology acceptance. |
| Keywords: | online experiment, energy use, Artificial Intelligence, energy conservation, behavior |
| JEL: | O3 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18263 |
| By: | Maruejols, Lucie; Jaiswal, Ritu K.; Sibhatu, Kibrom T. |
| Abstract: | Global warming-induced climate change presents a significant threat to agriculture and food security, particularly in vulnerable regions like India. This study explores whether home-produced food can act as a source of resilience or vulnerability in the face of climate change. Using comprehensive national data from the National Sample Survey (NSS) 68th round and the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), the paper quantifies the food consumption and security role of home-produced food across various Indian regions and examines the implications of climate-induced yield changes on food security. The study employs a deep learning approach to model the complex, non-linear relationships between climate change, agricultural yields, and household food consumption. Preliminary findings suggest that home produced food plays a critical role in food consumption and security, especially in rural areas. However, increased dependence on home production could heighten vulnerability to climate anomalies. While home-produced food has the potential to enhance resilience, its role must be carefully supported through policies that provide tools and knowledge for better agricultural practices. Conversely, if market participation increases, ensuring effective market functioning and affordable nutritious food becomes crucial. The study findings provide valuable insights for policymakers on balancing home production and market reliance in the context of climate change. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344295 |
| By: | Lambarraa-Lehnhardt, Fatima; Rosati, Adolfo; Hasnain, Syeda Aleena; Turchetti, Luca |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the interaction among potential and revealed resilience capacities, technical efficiency, and total factor productivity (TFP) in Italian olive farms using FADN data from 2013-2019. To achieve this objective, we use principal component analysis for evaluating potential resilience indicators and a stochastic frontier model (SFM) to assess farms' competitiveness and evaluate the impact of resilience measures on farms' efficiency and productivity. Results show that Italian olive farms exhibit higher resilience in transformability, followed by robustness and adaptability. Resilience indicators negatively impact technical efficiency. TFP growth is notably influenced by adaptability. Results suggest that balancing competitiveness and resilience is crucial to achieving a sustainable farming system. To face climate change challenges, policies should facilitate transitions to a climate-resilient farming system by incentivizing investments in climate adaptive technologies and designing careful subsidy programs that emphasize the long-term resilience benefits of sustainable farming practices rather than considering immediate efficiency gains. Farmer support through training and collaborative networks is vital to strengthening farms' adaptability and transformability capacities. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344256 |
| By: | Charles Kenny (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The World Bank has “ambitious” climate targets that have been accompanied by a growing proportion of its lending being labeled as climate finance. At the same time, the way that finance is defined makes it difficult to know how different the World Bank’s portfolio would look absent a climate finance target. Similarly, the World Bank has introduced a shadow price of carbon (SPC) for use in project analysis, but it does not advertise cases (if any) where the use of the SPC has changed investment choices or project design. This paper takes a brief look at the World Bank’s lending portfolio as well as the economic analysis sections of recent World Bank project appraisal documents to see if they can provide any evidence on the question, "do climate targets and carbon prices change the portfolio?" The answer to “can they provide evidence’ is "suggestive at best.” But while there is some evidence of some impact, there are also reasons to doubt it is large. |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:370 |
| By: | Molist , Adrià Menéndez i; Kallas, Zein; Fuentes , Omar Vicente Guadarrama |
| Abstract: | Effectively implementing innovations in agri-food supply chains (AFSCs) is contingent upon stakeholders’ preferences. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the objective of this research was to ascertain the degree of willingness among farmers, consumers, and various stakeholders (including processing companies, restaurants, and retailers) in the tomato supply chain of Catalonia (Spain) to shorten the chain and promote local procurement. Based on a set of social, economic, and environmental criteria encompassing sustainability in AFSCs, the results showed that economic factors, particularly profitability and affordability, were the key driving factors in the decisions of stakeholders. However, the considerable importance placed on strategic attributes, including local production, environmental sustainability, and product quality, particularly among consumers, seemed to present a chance to advocate for sustainable alternatives, such as short food supply chains (SFSCs). The AHP methodology facilitates differentiation with respect to the criteria of the decision-making process and serves as a valuable instrument for evaluating the reception of innovations within the AFSC and categorizing the stakeholders who exhibit the greatest interest in them. In order to improve the sustainability of agri-food systems, our findings may be incorporated into strategic plans developed by policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344299 |
| By: | Martínez-sánchez Wilfrid; Mariscal De Gante Martin Alvaro (European Commission - JRC); Fernandez Macias Enrique (European Commission - JRC); Gonzalez Vazquez Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); Moilanen Fanni |
| Abstract: | The Twin Transition is a cornerstone of EU policy, driving structural changes in European labour markets. However, a critical gap exists between policy and empirical evidence due to the lack of measurement instruments. This study addresses this gap by developing and testing the Twin Transition Survey, designed to measure synergies between digitalisation and sustainability at the workplace. Our results, based on experts' review, cognitive testing and a pilot survey, yield clear insights. First, the aim of capturing synergies should not be conflated with operational measurement. Workers are likely to perceive the green and digital transitions as two distinct phenomena because of their differential tangible impacts. Therefore, survey instruments should treat them as operationally separate to reduce cognitive burden and improve response validity. Second, some indicators used in the literature, e.g., those targeting company-level practices or perceived environmental impacts, can increase nonresponse rates and are prone to acquiescence bias, especially among frontline workers, potentially leading to overestimation. Data reliability is higher when based on factual, individual-level indicators grounded in workers’ direct experience with their daily tasks. These should be complemented with more generalizable measures of “soft greening”, whose reliability can be checked by segmenting responses by supervisory role. Finally, the study presents the questionnaire of the survey as a validated tool to measure the impact of the Twin Transition at the workplace. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:laedte:202507 |
| By: | Arianna Salazar-Miranda |
| Abstract: | The growth of suburbs in the US has led to significant sustainability challenges; yet, it remains unclear whether these challenges stem from the remoteness of suburbs from city centers or the specific designs used to develop them. This paper examines how Garden City Design (GCD) -- one of the most influential suburban design paradigms since the early 20th century -- impacts the social and environmental outcomes of neighborhoods. I first introduce a composite measure of GCD, derived from street layouts and block configurations, to quantify its nationwide adoption. I use this measure combined with mobility and emissions data to estimate the impact of GCD on neighborhood outcomes using complementary identification strategies, including ordinary least squares (OLS), matching estimators, and an instrumental variables (IV) approach that exploits historical variation in GCD adoption. Results show that GCD leads to worse sustainability outcomes, including increased greenhouse gas emissions, greater social isolation, and higher sedentary behavior. The prevalence of GCD accounts for 27-38% of the adverse effects associated with suburbanization, underscoring the crucial role that neighborhood design plays in shaping urban sustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.13544 |
| By: | Karakoç, Ulaş |
| Abstract: | With the aid of an applied general equilibrium model, we study the macroeconomic effects of various policy alternatives to stimulate the implications of greening of Turkish agriculture. Our results suggest that the reduction in chemicals, fertilizers and oil at alternative rates of 30% and 50% would significantly reduce carbon emissions, but at the expense of adverse effects on agricultural output. In response, the negative effects on agricultural output can be reversed by a targeted investment programme that could facilitate technological change and a commensurate rationalization of the rural economy resulting in enhanced gains in agricultural productivity. We argue that the warranted funds towards such productivity enhancing investments can be earmarked by the introduction of a nation-wide carbon tax, and that they would boost not only agricultural output and rural incomes, but could also mitigate the adverse transition costs on GDP and social welfare. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356802 |
| By: | Eric Vansteenberhge |
| Abstract: | We present the Pioneer Detection Method, a supervisory tool we developed to enhance resilience in insurance markets facing the challenges posed by climate change. Based on a theoretical model of the insurance industry, we consider a scenario in which independent experts determine premiums according to their individual risk assessments. Due to the segmented nature of the private insurance market, accurately estimating the tail parameter of loss distribution is difficult, especially given the rarity of extreme events. Our method leverages temporal directional change and convergence to integrate expert opinions, giving greater emphasis to those who effectively identify trend shifts after climate stress. A series of simulations reveals that the Pioneer Detection Method outperforms traditional pooling methods within a Bayesian framework. Furthermore, this approach appears to be notably effective in improving welfare in an insurance market with a limited number of private entities. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.16760 |
| By: | Jia, Yilei; Wang, Gangyi |
| Abstract: | China is one of the countries with the richest Animal genetic resources (AnGR) in the world, and also the largest producer and consumer of pigs.The pig industry is huge, but more than 90% of pork consumption relies on imports, while local pig breeds are neglected, and many of them are even on the verge of extinction.In order to study the utilization status of local pig breeds and promote the protection、development, and utilization, this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the utilization status of local pigs by combing the utilization status and cost-benefit analysis.The results showed that the overall population of Min pig has increased and has been extensively used in production. However, due to the high input cost and low output income, the income is negative and production efficiency is low. Therefore, the pigs have not been fully and effectively utilized by the people.The study further observed that in the general commercialization environment over the years, a range of incentives and protection measures have achieved a balance. This has resulted in a certain level of balance between policy implementation and commercial development, leading to an increase in the number of pigs and improving the situation of endangered varieties. The findings of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the preservation, development, and sustainable utilization of local pig genetic resources. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344287 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Kishore, Avinash; Kumar, Anjani |
| Abstract: | The fertilizer response of yield has been one of the major indicators of agricultural productivity in both developed and developing countries. Filling the evidence gap remains vital regarding fertilizer response in Asia, particularly in South Asia, given the evolution and emergence of new challenges, including intensifying climate shocks. We aim to partly fill this knowledge gap by investigating the associations between climate shocks and fertilizer response in Bangladeshi rice production. Using three rounds of nationally representative farm household panel data with plot- level information, we assess fertilizer response functions regarding rice yield and how the shapes of these response functions are heterogeneous in relation to anomalies in temperatures, droughts, and rainfall. We find robust evidence that climate anomalies have adverse effects on fertilizer responses, including higher temperatures for the Boro and the Aman irrigated systems and higher temperatures and droughts for the Aman rainfed systems. These findings hold robustly under various fertilizer response function forms, i.e., polynomial function and stochastic Linear Response Plateau. Furthermore, results for stochastic Linear Response Plateau are also consistent for both switching regression type models and Bayesian regression models. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344280 |
| By: | Giulia Tagliapietra (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Susanna Mancinelli (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Massimiliano Mazzanti (Università degli studi di Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | Meat consumption contributes significantly to environmental degradation and public health burdens. Yet, altering dietary behavior remains a challenge, particularly due to cognitive and cultural resistance. This study investigates whether linguistic nudges, specifically, labeling food options without meat using health-oriented language versus a language that underlines the vegetarian identity alone, can influence consumer food preferences. A survey-based experiment was conducted to compare preferences for sandwiches labeled as “The Vegetarian Choice†versus “The Healthy Choice†, incorporating demographic, attitudinal, and behavioral variables. Results from a Wilcoxon signed-rank show no statistically significant difference in preference between the two labels. However, patterns suggest growing openness to vegetarian options and minimal evidence of social stigma toward vegetarianism among the respondents, all of whom were Italian. These findings point to cultural shifts in dietary norms and suggest that health-related labels alone may not be sufficiently persuasive to alter food preferences. The results provide new insights into consumer behavior and the nuanced role of framing in sustainable consumption strategies. |
| Keywords: | Linguistic nudges, meat consumption, sustainability, cognitive bias, behavioral economics |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:1125 |
| By: | Walker, Reed; Shapiro, Joseph S |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt96x707g2 |
| By: | Fellmann Thomas (European Commission - JRC); Tassinari Gianmaria (European Commission - JRC); Lasarte Lopez Jesus (European Commission - JRC); Rey Vicario Dolores (European Commission - JRC); Beber Caetano (European Commission - JRC); Barbosa Ana Luisa (European Commission - JRC); De Jong Beyhan (European Commission - JRC); Ferrari Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); Gocht Alexander; Isbasoiu Ancuta; Klinnert Ana (European Commission - JRC); Kremmydas Dimitrios; M'barek Robert (European Commission - JRC); Philippidis George; Rokicki Bartlomiej (European Commission - JRC); Tillie Pascal (European Commission - JRC); Weiss Franz (European Commission - JRC); Genovese Giampiero (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "The Scenar 2040 study provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts of two hypothetical scenarios related to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the EU agricultural sector and its broader environment. The baseline (reference scenario) is calibrated to the 2023 EU Agricultural Outlook, and the current national CAP Strategic Plans serve as starting point for the shifts in the policy scenarios. In the first scenario support is directed towards CAP measures enhancing productivity and competitiveness, whereas the second scenario shifts support towards more environmental and climate-focused interventions. The study also includes a counterfactual NoCAP scenario, simulating the removal of the entire CAP framework. The study aims to contribute to policy discussions on the future of the CAP by providing quantitative insights into the general implications of alternative CAP trajectories.The scenario results underscore the CAP’s essential role for the EU’s agricultural sector and its broader socio-economic and environmental interlinkages across territories. The results indicate that the removal of the CAP framework would have considerable heterogeneous economic, environmental, and social impacts across the EU. The two alternative CAP scenarios reveal contrasted outcomes aligned with their respective narratives. The results highlight the CAP’s critical role, the complexity involved in balancing competing objectives, and confirm market fundamentals as primary drivers of production, although policy can significantly modulate outcomes." |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc142503 |
| By: | Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu; Maggio, Dan; McPeak, John |
| Abstract: | Droughts are among the leading causes of livestock mortality and conflict among pastoralist populations in East Africa. To foster climate resiliency in these populations, Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) products have become popular. These products, which allow herders to hedge climate risk, often utilize remote-sensed data to trigger indemnity payouts, thus ameliorating moral hazard issues associated with standard insurance products. We study how one such program, implemented in southern Ethiopia, impacted the experience of violent conflict among participating households. Using a causal mediation analysis, we show first that there is a strong link between rangeland conditions and violent conflict; a one- unit decrease in a standardized version of the normalized difference vegetation index (zNDVI) in the previous season is associated with a 0.3-3 percentage point increase in the likelihood of conflict exposure. Within the mediation framework, we leverage a randomized encouragement experiment and show that insurance uptake reduces the conflict risk created by poor rangeland conditions by between 17 and 50 percent. Our results suggest that social protection programs, particularly index insurance programs, may act as a protective factor in areas with complex risk profiles, where households are exposed to both climatic and conflict risks, which themselves may interact. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344274 |
| By: | Annette Kaempf-Dern |
| Abstract: | Many of the current major challenges – e.g. housing shortage, inadequate infrastructure, CO2 emissions, or waste – are directly related to the built environment, with most of them affecting all three dimensions of sustainability, i.e. technical-ecological as well as functional-social AND economic-legal aspects. Moreover, all have a high and continuing societal relevance. It is therefore truly alarming that research and education have yet to adequately respond to these challenges. Although 'interdisciplinarity', 'sustainability', and 'ESG' have been the buzzwords of recent years, no significant number of study and research programs integrating those aspects for the built environment are being launched, projects announced, or funding allocated! The paper outlines and concretizes a fundamental idea to generate, evaluate and promote solutions for these problems. It proposes the establishment of a non-profit foundation that has two main tasks: 1. fundraising for innovation projects in research, education and transfer in the field of sustainable built environment. 2. acting as a project sponsor and a service provider for the management of such innovation projects. The paper elaborates on the concept and outlines approaches to tackle these two main tasks. |
| Keywords: | Built Environment Research and Education; Innovation Projects; Non-profit foundation; Sustainable Built Environment Challenges |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_268 |
| By: | Nyberg, Erik (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)) |
| Abstract: | Air and noise pollution have in the medical literature been shown to have large negative health effects. However, the findings might exhibit the problem of endogeneity, i.e. that they are not causal. While literature focusing on causal relationships in the area has grown in the last decades, a comprehensive overview has not been performed in recent years. This study aims to provide a state-of-the-art review of the causal relationship between air and noise pollution and health outcomes by summarizing the findings from international peer-reviewed articles, as well as informing the reader of the methodological challenges in the field and knowledge gaps in the literature. In addition, we will contribute by comparing the economic literature regarding both air and noise pollution. To achieve these aims, we conducted a review of existing international literature. This review identified previous research linking air and noise pollution to health outcomes, focusing on causal estimations using primarily quasi-experimental settings. The empirical findings show that air pollution can be linked to several health outcomes, e.g., increased mortality, emergency room visits, and hospitalization, through different risk pathways. The number of studies focused on noise pollution are significantly fewer, with individual studies also finding negative health effects, e.g., sleeping problems, hypertension, and increased medication and healthcare utilization. The evaluation of air and noise pollution differs primarily in temporal aspects and the source of variation used. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution; Noise pollution; Health outcomes; Quasi-experimental design; State-of-the-art review |
| JEL: | C21 C23 C26 I18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2025_006 |
| By: | Beach, Andrew; Raimi, Daniel (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Policymakers in the United States are interested in boosting domestic supply chains for critical minerals used in the defense, technology, and energy sectors. If successful, this effort to increase mining and processing activities will have a range of environmental, social, and economic consequences for host communities. In this analysis, we examine whether and how tax revenues from the extraction of certain minerals benefit host communities. We examine existing policies, mineral production data, and state and local tax data in Arizona, Arkansas, California, Nevada, and Utah. We find that mining contributes to local revenues in all states, but that this contribution varies widely, from roughly 0.5 to 5 percent of the value of extracted minerals. Existing policy structures do little to mitigate against the risk of revenue volatility, creating the potential for boom-and-bust revenue cycles for host communities. We note that large gaps in the availability of data limit transparency surrounding mining revenues and also make it difficult to understand the scale and scope of this issue nationally. |
| Date: | 2025–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-25-29 |
| By: | Myeki, LW; Nyhodo, B,; Mpyana, BM; Nakana, E; Yeki, N; Makhele, B; Smith, R; Chokoe, C; Ntombela, S; Mazibuko, N; Ngqangweni, S |
| Abstract: | Transformation towards sustainable agri-food systems remains a hot topic due to the pressing need to attain sustainable development-related goals. The paper was designed to uncover the impact of statutory incentives on sustainable transformation of agri-food system in South Africa. We apply behavioural economic method, comprising of psychological attributes and economic- related measures on cross-sectional data obtained from farmers supported through statutory levies and trust funds collected and administered by 14 agricultural industries. The results show that participants are appreciative, socially pressured, and possess high perception of their ability to perform sustainable transformation. Hence, we found a positive endorsement for the impact of statutory incentives on sustainable transformation in agri-food system, regardless of gender distinction. This endorsement is high among older farmers compared to their younger counterparts, and also high in horticulture and field crops compared to livestock sector. Finally, results reveal that sustainable transformation is consistently determined by attitudes, present time, and agreeableness. We conclude that multidisciplinary approach avails more insights on the research agenda for transformation of agri-food systems and tends to yield to better policy options for selection of beneficiaries towards driving sustainable transformation of agri-food system within agricultural industries in South Africa. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344253 |
| By: | Giovanna D'Adda (University of Milan, Italy and CMCC); Simone Ferro (University of Milan, Italy); Tommaso Frattini (University of Milan, LdA, CEPR, RFBerlin); Alessio Romarri (Departament of Applied Economics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain & RFBerlin, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Using large-scale high-granularity data from a food delivery platform and granular pollution and weather information, we study how PM2.5 fluctuations affect riders' absenteeism, productivity, and accidents. Exploiting exogenous pollution variation from inverse boundary layer height, we find that higher pollution increases absenteeism for all workers and raises delivery times and accident rates only among (e-)bike riders, who must exert physical effort while working. Affected workers compensate productivity losses by working longer hours. Monetary incentives mitigate the effects on absenteeism but do not offset the decline in productivity and appear to exacerbate accident risk. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution; Food Delivery Riders; Absenteeism; Labor Productivity; Workplace Safety. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea2518 |
| By: | Bello, Lateef Olalekan; Awotide, Bola Amoke; Danso-Abbeam, Gideon; Sakurai, Takeshi |
| Abstract: | Climate change remains a major impediment to food security in majority of developing countries, such as the West Africa Sahel (WASR), due to the rudimentary and rain-fed production system practiced by most farmers. The adoption of climate-smart agricultural technologies (CSAT), which aim to increase resilience and adaptation to changing climatic conditions, is crucial for boosting crop productivity and increasing food sufficiency. This study examined the food security impact of smallholder farmers adopting CSAT in WASR (Mali and Niger). We control for potential endogeneity bias that could occur in this study by employing the extended ordered probit and multinomial endogenous treatment effect model to analyze food security impact using the two most common approaches, which are the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and Food Consumption Scores (FCS). The impact results from the HFIAS estimation indicate that CSAT adopters are more food insecure than non-adopters in WASR. Subsequently, the FCS estimation results show that smallholder farmers adopting CSAT are less food secure than non- adopters. Further analysis of mechanisms and pathways to food security revealed that CSAT 2 Copyright 2024 by Lateef Olalekan Bello, Bola Amoke Awotide, Gideon-Danso-Abbeam, and Takeshi Sakurai. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. adopters significantly reduced the share of crop production they retained for household consumption compared to non-adopters. Subsequent findings revealed that adopters of CSAT generate significantly higher crop revenues than non-adopters. This implies that CSAT adopters sell the majority of their marketable surplus and retain a minor share for household consumption. These findings suggest that farm-level sensitization programs could emphasize the need for farmers to strike a balance between agricultural investment and food security. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344323 |
| By: | Chakira, Raja; Oktem, Berk; Veron, Emilien |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of recurrent droughts on farm size and land concentration in France over the short run (2015–2022) and long run (1988–2020). While droughts in developing countries often drive cropland expansion, evidence from developed economies remains scarce. Using panel data from 716 small agricultural regions and econometric models, we analyze structural shifts in landholding patterns based on average and median farm size. Drought exposure is measured through absolute (Soil Wetness Index, SWI) and relative (zscore) indicators. Our findings show that severe droughts accelerate land concentration, with the strongest effects in summer and autumn. Droughts also reduce agricultural land prices, facilitating acquisitions by larger farms, while forcing smaller farmers to exit. Additionally, total agricultural land use declines, further reinforcing concentration trends. These results highlight the structural consequences of climatic shocks in developed economies, where farm concentration is the dominant adaptation response. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356637 |
| By: | Stephan Puehringer (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Lukas Baeuerle (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The paper introduces the SETER framework, a conceptual tool for analyzing the interplay between Socio-Ecological Transformation (SET) and Economic Reasoning (ER). In the context of global crises and the contested nature of sustainability discourses, the framework identifies nine key categories – ranging from economic goals and the role of the state to transformative dynamics and agency – to systematically compare diverse SET narratives and their basic underlying economic assumptions. Drawing on insights from Social Studies of Economics (SSE) and Sustainability Transitions Research (STR), the framework highlights how ER shapes SET discourses and potential pathways, influencing both the diagnosis of socio-ecological crises and its proposed solutions. The paper applies the framework for two contrasting cases: the EU Green Deal, which exemplifies a market-driven “green growth” narrative, and Kohei Saito’s Degrowth Manifesto, which advocates for commons-based, sufficiency-oriented transformation. These cases illustrate the framework’s ability to map competing visions of SET, revealing the systemic dependencies between ER categories and their manifestations. The SETER framework also enables a typification of antagonistic narratives opposing SET, such as techno-libertarian or fossil-modernization discourses. While the framework provides a useful tool for categorizing and comparing SET narratives, its integration with power-focused analytical tools is necessary to assess the performative influence of these narratives. By offering a flexible, cross-sectoral, and longitudinal approach, the SETER framework provides a robust methodology for navigating the complexities of SET-related discourses, fostering critical reflection on economic imaginaries, and envisioning equitable and sustainable pathways for transformation. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:171 |
| By: | Sophia Bodensteiner; Lukas Lautenschlaeger; Wolfgang Schäfers; Andrew Mueller |
| Abstract: | The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) analysis is increasingly recognized as a key element in sustainable investing. It can create long-term value, improve reputation, and help REITs to remain competitive and resilient in the market. This study investigates the influence of ESG-related sentiment on the constituents of the NAREIT Index, addressing the growing need to understand its impact on the public opinion and the real estate market performance. Our analysis examines 10-K reports with an additional focus on ESG-related segments and separate ESG reports of real estate companies in the NAREIT All Equity Index in the period 2016-2023. The sentiment analysis is carried out using a Large Language Model (LLM) and aggregated using different sentiment measures. Finally, an OLS regression is applied to analyze the impact of these sentiment indices on the returns of the companies. Preliminary results indicate a correlation between ESG-related sentiment in the company reports and their price returns. This indicates the recognition of ESG as an investment driver for institutional investors. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Disclosure; Esg; REITs; Sentiment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_151 |
| By: | Araujo, Daniel; Laudares, Humberto; Murillo, Dafne; Paredes, Hector; Valencia Caicedo, Felipe |
| Abstract: | Can a brief period of economic prosperity leave a legacy of long-term adversity for local populations? This study investigates the enduring impact of the Amazon rubber boom around 1900 on contemporary income, inequality, Indigenous groups presence, and forest conservation. Identification exploits variation in historical rubber suitability across municipalities and discontinuities around rubber concession boundaries. Municipalities with larger shares of rubber-suitable land experienced an initial economic surge, as evidenced by higher per capita GDP in the 1920 Census, but this prosperity was not sustained by 2010. Increased ethnic mixing, already visible in the 1872 Census, indicates that earlier economic expansion intensified contact with Indigenous groups. In the long run, rubber-suitable areas show lower population density, higher extinction of Indigenous groups, and greater income inequality. Consistent with the disproportionate violence and labor coercion inflicted on Indigenous groups, our Regression Discontinuity analysis further documents long-lasting environmental effects, with higher rates of deforestation, coca cultivation, and cattle raising in former rubber concession areas. Together, the results suggest that while the rubber boom generated short-term wealth, it left a legacy of persistent underdevelopment, social transformation, and environmental degradation. |
| Keywords: | Commodity Exploitation;Rubber;Amazon;indigenous peoples;Forced Labor;Persistence;Private Concessions;Economic history |
| JEL: | N36 O15 J15 O13 N56 Q33 D31 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14374 |
| By: | Mealy, Penelope Ann; Bucker, Joris Joseph Johannes Hendrik; Moura, Fernanda Senra de; Knudsen, Camilla |
| Abstract: | The concept of “green jobs” has received widespread attention in academic, policy, and public discourse, reflecting the growing emphasis on sustainability and the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, defining and measuring green jobs remains analytically challenging and highly sensitive to methodological choices. This paper systematically examines how alternative classification criteria and data aggregation methods produce markedly divergent estimates of green jobs. It shows that the share of occupations identified as green ranges from 0 to 74 percent depending on the methodology, raising concerns about the comparability and usefulness of green job estimates in practice. Moving beyond the traditional green jobs framing, the paper proposes a more pragmatic and flexible framework that focuses on identifying jobs-in-demand and jobs-at-risk under specific transition scenarios. This approach allows for application across different country contexts and different transition scenarios and can also incorporate other structural labor market shocks, such as technological change or demographic shifts. The paper undertakes a literature review of quantitative methodologies to analyze labor reallocation in the context of given labor market shocks, highlighting the trade-offs between backward-looking (historical transition matrices) and forward-looking (task- and skill-based) approaches. It also discusses key challenges in integrating labor market dynamics into macroeconomic models and takes stock of recent efforts in hybrid modeling that combines macroeconomic frameworks with micro-level labor market insights. The paper concludes by outlining priority areas for future research and methodological development. |
| Date: | 2025–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11262 |
| By: | Fleming-Muñoza, David A.; Capon, Tim |
| Abstract: | Droughts can impose significant economic impacts to regional economies, yet quantifying their true costs remains a challenge. This study examines the economic impacts of the 2017–2020 drought in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, using time series analysis and the Synthetic Control Method (SCM). Our analysis highlights substantial economic losses at both the regional and agricultural levels. In the Tamworth region (a key agricultural region in NSW), value added (VA) stagnated post-2017, with cumulative losses of billions of dollars by 2035 in contrast to a good scenario unaffected by the drought. The SCM results reveal that the North West region experienced an 80% loss in cash per unit of labour, whereas the Central West and Riverina regions demonstrated greater resilience, recovering by 2022. These findings underscore the long-term economic effects of drought beyond the immediate rainfall deficit, with opportunity costs translating into lower growth prospects. The study provides critical insights for policymakers, emphasising the need for region-specific adaptation strategies that enhance resilience. By integrating forecasting and counterfactual analysis, this research offers a robust framework for assessing drought-related disruptions and informing targeted policy interventions to mitigate future economic shocks. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356630 |
| By: | Sen, Anupama (Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Toba, Natsuko (Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge) |
| Abstract: | As the clean energy transition progresses, critical minerals and metals will be essential components in the deployment of clean energy technologies, with estimates of their demand set to soar. However, proven reserves, as well as processing facilities, are geographically concentrated in a small number of countries. This paper addresses the following research question: how will the emerging market structure for critical minerals develop: will producers and consumers compete, cooperate, or cartelise? We contribute to the literature by exploring frameworks to describe some possible outcomes of market evolution based on characteristics of the current critical mineral market, preconditions for competition, cooperation or cartelisation, and case studies. We draw on insights from collusive oligopolies in the international market for oil and gas. |
| Keywords: | Critical minerals; Energy transition; Supply chains; Decarbonisation; Industrial organisation; Cartels; Markets |
| JEL: | L13 O24 Q21 Q34 Q35 Q37 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2025_006 |
| By: | Gupta, Disha |
| Abstract: | There has been a declining trend in groundwater depths in India and subsidies on farm electricity contributes to over-extraction of groundwater raising concerns about its sustainability for irrigation. In this paper, we estimate the reduction in groundwater pumping under volumetric pricing of farm electricity for Punjab where farm electricity is free. We use parcel-level cost of cultivation data from Ministry of Agriculture for 2011-12 to 2013-14 to estimate the production function for paddy using instrumental variable approach. We find that the estimated marginal product of water function is relatively flat at the level of the average water application. The average marginal product of water is 32 kilograms for additional thousand cubic meters of water per hectare, which is very low. Simulations show that increasing the price of electricity from current level of zero to the true cost of electricity supply leads to sharp cutbacks of 59 percent in water extraction using electric pumps. However, the decline in average paddy yields is 11 percent. We show welfare gains in terms of reduction of the deadweight loss under volumetric pricing. Finally, we quantify average lump-sum subsidy that can be given to farmers as direct transfers to keep their surplus unchanged and we show that this can be financed using collections done by state electricity board from pricing electricity. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344328 |
| By: | Jackel, Franziska; Stock, Laura; Venus, Terese |
| Abstract: | Period poverty, the lack of access to menstrual products, education, and hygiene facilities, remains a significant challenge for agricultural communities in rural Ghana. This study evaluates the impact of bio-based sanitary pads made from agricultural residues on social and economic participation, using unique data from 467 women in rural Ghana in 2024. Within the sample, 415 participated in information campaigns at schools or workplaces on safe menstrual management, of which 162 also received free menstrual products within the last 6 months. Specifically, we use Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) to assess the impact of menstrual product access (n=162) and information campaigns (n=253) on economic and social outcomes, including school and work attendance as well as church and market visits. Additionally, we examine how information interventions influence awareness of the environmental and health effects of improper disposal and shape perceptions of bio-based alternatives. The findings have implications for sustainable policies to address period poverty and promote environmental sustainability in rural areas. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Labor and Human Capital |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes025:356732 |
| By: | Hirsch, Stefan; Barissoul, Ayoub; Möhring, Niklas; Koppenberg, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | Organic agriculture is a widely established production system that contributes to various sustainability goals. The European Commission has set the goal of 25% organic agriculture in 2030 in its Farm to Fork strategy, putting it further in the spotlight. However, in most European countries, progress towards this goal is still limited, and some farmers even move back to conventional production. The further expansion of organic farming will crucially depend on the development of organic markets and its financial competitiveness. However, evidence on the economic performance of organic farmers in the EU and the decision to revert back to conventional production is lacking. We analyze the causal effect of dairy farmers’ decision to produce organically on farm competitiveness measured by price markups and profitability. Moreover, we investigate the decision of organic farmers to revert back to conventional farming using survivorship analysis. Our results reveal that organic farms achieve higher markups and profitability. But, there is a high probability of exiting the organic market in the early phase after transition - especially for farms with highly volatile economic performance. The results provide insights that may help to reach the political targets with regards to the market share of organic agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Industrial Organization, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344258 |
| By: | Schneider Kevin (European Commission - JRC); Barreiro Hurle Jesus (European Commission - JRC); Vazquez Torres Estefania; Di Cori Viola (European Commission - JRC); Rodriguez Cerezo Emilio (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report presents a two-step approach to rank European Union Quarantine Pests (UQPs) based on their potential economic, social, and environmental impacts. In the first step, a shortlisting methodology was developed and applied to approximately 400 UQPs to select a subset of pests which were subject to a more detailed analysis in the second one. The shortlisted 46 pests were evaluated using an updated and modified version of the Impact Indicator for Priority Pests (I2P2) a composite indicator based on multi-criteria analysis. To calculate I2P2 values expert knowledge elicitations were conducted by EFSA for key parameters and these combined with a diversity of secondary data sources. The I2P2 model combines economic, social, and environmental impact into a single value which is subsequently used to rank pests. We assessed robustness of our recommendation with regards to uncertainty on the biological parameters as well as risk managers’ preference on avoiding impacts in the different domains. In addition we inform on the driving factors behind the composite scores. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141239 |
| By: | Weerahewa, Jeevika; de Alwis, Tharakabhanu; Dharmakeerthi, Saman; Nagarajan, Latha; Stewart, Zachary |
| Abstract: | The government of Sri Lanka has introduced a mix of controversial fertilizer policies amid its economic crisis. The objective of this study is to assesses economic feasibility of a range of fertilizer technologies and strategies being introduced for paddy based dry zone agricultural systems of the country. A linear programming model was developed for a small paddy land holder considering maximization of profits as the objective and lowland and highland extents, labor, irrigation water, subsistence consumption, and financial resources allocated for fertilizers as constraints. The simulation scenarios included tax on urea-based fertilizers, increase in the cash grant provided to farmers, innovative marketing arrangements for environmentally friendly products and innovative fertilizer technologies. The results of the simulation experiments provide some quantitative estimates on the magnitude of changes in farm enterprise profits, nitrogen usage by the crops, and wastage of nitrogen from the system owing to the policy changes. The simulation exercises underscored the positive impact of incorporating slow-releasing fertilizer types on farm enterprise profits and nitrogen wastage from the system, contingent upon the financial viability of such fertilizers. The study offers insights into the interplay of policy interventions in shaping the profitability and environmental dynamics of dry zone farming in Sri Lanka. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344278 |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha Trong; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | In light of growing concerns over escalating natural disaster risks and persistently low fertility rates, this paper quantifies the causal impacts of tropical cyclones and identifies the pathways through which they influence childbearing decisions among Australians of reproductive age. Using an individual fixed effects model and exogenous variation in cyclone exposure, we find a robust and substantial decline in fertility, occurring only after the most severe category 5 cyclones, with the effect weakening as distance from the cyclone's eye increases. We find no evidence of delayed cyclone effects, indicating that the fertility loss attributable to these most severe cyclones is permanent. Our findings are robust to extensive validity checks, including a falsification test and various randomization tests. The fertility decline is most pronounced among younger adults, individuals with lower educational attainment, those childless at baseline, and those lacking prior private health or residential insurance. While physical health, financial constraints, and migration appear unlikely to drive the effect, the evidence points to reduced family formation, increased marital breakdown, child mortality, cyclone-induced home damage, elevated psychological stress, and heightened risk perceptions as plausible mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Cyclones, Fertility, Marriage, Australia |
| JEL: | J12 J13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1694 |
| By: | T. Kobashi; R. C. Mouli; J. Liu; S. Chang; C. D. Harper; R. Zhou; G. R. Dewi; U. W. R. Siagian; J. Kang; P. P. Patankar; Z. H. Rather; K. Say; T. Zhang; K. Tanaka; P. Ciais; D. M. Kammen |
| Abstract: | Urban decarbonization is central to meeting global climate goals, yet progress toward integrated low-carbon energy systems remains slow. The SolarEV City Concept, linking rooftop photovoltaics with electric vehicles as mobile storage offers a technically robust pathway for deep CO2 reduction, potentially meeting 60-95 percent of municipal electricity demand when deployed synergistically. Despite rapid global growth of PVs and EVs, integration through bidirectional Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Grid systems has lagged, revealing a persistent SolarEV paradox. This review examines that paradox through a socio-technical framework across four dimensions, technology, economics, policy, and society. Cross-national comparison shows that while technical feasibility is well established, large-scale implementation is limited by fragmented charging-protocol standards, immature and often non-profitable V2G business models, regulatory misalignments between energy and transport sectors, and social-equity barriers that restrict participation mainly to high-income homeowners. Emerging national archetypes from Japans resilience-driven model to Europes regulation-first trajectory highlight strong path dependence in current integration strategies. The analysis concludes that advancing SolarEV Cities requires a shift from parallel PV-EV promotion toward coordinated policy frameworks, interoperable digital infrastructure, and inclusive market designs that distribute economic and resilience benefits more equitably. Achieving this integrated energy transition will require strategic collaboration among researchers, governments, industries, and communities to build adaptive, resilient, and socially just urban energy systems. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.15091 |
| By: | Gonzalez Vazquez Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); Mariscal De Gante Martin Alvaro (European Commission - JRC); Hakansta Carin; Strauss-Raats Pille; Stahl Christian; Ferm Lisa; Grande Rafael; Vallejo Alberto; Lind Ruben; Lowstedt Lisen; Norlinder Ninni |
| Abstract: | This report investigates the ‘twin transition’ at the workplace level, drawing on twelve case studies in Spain and Sweden across the energy, transport, and finance sectors. Findings reveal that the digital transition is a mature, efficiency-driven process, while the green transition is still incipient and largely policy-driven. The study confirms significant synergies, where digitalisation enables greening through improved coordination and virtualisation, and green objectives can drive digital adoption. However, negative effects such as increased administrative burdens and work intensification are also identified in some cases. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:laedte:202508 |
| By: | Blockeel, Johan; Grovermann, Christian; Finger, Robert |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) aims to increase the adoption of organic farming as part of its Farm to Fork Strategy. However, farmers face various adoption hurdles, such as the efficacy of crop protection, as well as implications for crop yields, costs, labour and ultimately farm income. Yet, we currently lack comprehensive large-scale empirical evidence on the economics of organic farming in the EU. Therefore, this study assesses the economic performance of organic farming in the EU using a large-scale cross-country dataset. It consists of an unbalanced panel of 151, 560 non-organic and 10, 531 organic farms from the European Farm Accountancy Data Network, covering seven different farm types and 16 EU countries. Our analysis specifically focuses on crop protection expenditures, total crop specific costs, as well as labour and gross farm income on a per hectare basis. We find that organic farming adoption significantly reduces crop protection expenditures as well as total crop specific costs across all farming types. Differences in farm-level labour inputs between organic and non-organic farms turned out to be only minor. Farm income is smaller for organic farms without subsidies but higher when accounting for subsidies. However, all effects are highly heterogeneous across farm types and across space. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the economic implications of organic farming within the EU. These insights can inform both practitioners and policy decision-makers and facilitate the achievement of regional organic farming targets. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344254 |
| By: | Troiano, Mattia; zu Ermgassen, Sophus; Duffus, Natalie; Hawkins, Isobel; Gall, Sarah; Mascia, Raphaella; Whitney, Matt; Thomas, Huw; Hirons, Mark |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity markets are increasingly promoted as instruments to close the biodiversity finance gap, yet their implications for social inclusivity and collaborative governance remain poorly understood. England’s new Biodiversity Net Gain (BNG) policy provides a critical case. While previous studies have examined its ecological outcomes, few have explored how different institutional models of habitat banking shape who participates in the market and how collaboration unfolds at the landscape scale. Drawing on participatory institutional mapping and 29 interviews with landowners, conservation organisations, planning authorities, and investors in Oxfordshire, we identify and compare three models of habitat banking: (1) for-profit providers leasing land under conservation covenants; (2) institutional not-for-profits managing land; and (3) individual landowners supported by not-for-profit facilitators under legal agreement with planning authorities. We show that for-profit providers tend to foster inclusive participation through risk-sharing finance but limited local collaboration, while not-for- profits enable collaborative governance that advances strategic, landscape-scale nature recovery yet restricts participation to a narrower set of landowners. These findings demonstrate how institutional design and operational models shape both inclusivity and collaboration, with implications for reconciling individual participation and collective ecological goals in the implementation of biodiversity markets. |
| Date: | 2025–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:txepv_v1 |
| By: | Freitas, Lya |
| Abstract: | En este estudio se proponen criterios para fortalecer la sostenibilidad y la resiliencia de las inversiones públicas agropecuarias ante los desastres y el cambio climático en Centroamérica y la República Dominicana: i) planificación y gobernanza; ii) ciclo de proyecto con enfoque de resiliencia; iii) enfoques híbridos; iv) mecanismos de apoyo; v) enfoque en poblaciones, y vi) seguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Con el marco propuesto se busca reducir la exposición y la vulnerabilidad de los proyectos de inversión pública ante amenazas crecientes, asegurar el uso eficiente de los recursos públicos y generar múltiples beneficios sociales, económicos y ambientales. Esta propuesta se inscribe dentro de un esfuerzo más amplio de la CEPAL y sus socios por promover una inversión pública estratégica, sostenible y transformadora en América Latina y el Caribe. Una inversión pública agropecuaria resiliente no solo permite preservar activos e infraestructuras: protege derechos, medios de vida y futuros posibles. |
| Date: | 2025–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:82547 |
| By: | Qiulin Ke; Fangchen Zhang |
| Abstract: | Empirical studies provide evidence that commercial real estate with BREME, LEED, ECP, or Energy Star certifications command sale and rent premiums. However, there is a regional gap in green building distribution, often influenced by property market returns and underlying economic conditions in these areas. This paper empirically investigates the factors driving the transformation of green buildings across regions in England and Wales, focusing on regional economic development, green jobs provision, deprivation and commercial real estate market dynamics. We use the building locations of EPC ratings that meet the UK government minimum standards (i.e. EPC rating A-C) to explore the spatial clustering of green building practices in commercial buildings in England and Wale and explore the factors that cause the spatial difference of green buildings. |
| Keywords: | Green Building; social economic development; Spatial Distribution; UK |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_234 |
| By: | Ngango, Jules; Musabanganji, Edouard; Maniriho, Aristide; Nkikabahizi, Ferdinand; Mukamuhire, Anitha; Ng’ombe, John N. |
| Abstract: | This study utilizes an endogenous switching regression model, complemented with coarsened exact matching, to ascertain the effects of adopting agroforestry on household food security. Our analysis employs data from a sample of 615 farms in Southern Rwanda. The findings indicate that the main determinants of agroforestry adoption include secure land tenure, membership in cooperatives, access to credit, household size, and farmers' awareness of agroforestry practices. Findings highlight the substantial contributions of agroforestry to food security, with adopters experiencing 19.81 percentage points higher food consumption scores compared to non-adopters. Moreover, the results reveal potential benefits for non-adopters through agroforestry adoption, thereby suggesting that even individuals who do not currently engage in agroforestry could enhance their food security by considering adoption. These insights emphasize the long-term potential of promoting agroforestry for current and prospective adopters. Policies reinforcing land security, supporting cooperatives, providing accessible credit, and promoting farmer sensitization are crucial for encouraging agroforestry adoption and improving food security. By identifying key determinants and quantifying impacts, this study offers targeted guidance for interventions that leverage agroforestry as a sustainable solution to enhance household food security |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344269 |
| By: | Macours, Karen; Mallia, Paola; Rudder, Jessica |
| Abstract: | To address the combined challenges of hidden hunger and climate vulnerability, crop breeding efforts over the last decades have focused on releasing crop varieties with resilient traits and higher nutrient content. Ensuring that those newly released varieties reach the types of farmers most likely to benefit from these enhanced seed traits ultimately will determine the return to those breeding efforts. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of selected demand- and supply-side interventions that aimed to increase the reach of biofortified maize seeds among diverse smallholder populations in Guatemala. We introduce experimental variation in demand-side subsidies and information designed to encourage farmers to try the biofortified climate-resilient seeds, and supply-side subsidies for agrodealers to promote the seeds to a wider customer base. Subsidizing agrodealers can leverage market incentives, while demand-side interventions, more traditional policy tools, can allow more precise targeting. We study the effect of these scaling approaches on short-term uptake, longer-term willingness to pay, and sustained adoption by different types of farmers. |
| JEL: | O12 O13 H20 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14382 |
| By: | Cooper Howes; Johannes Matschke; Jordan Pandolfo |
| Abstract: | We use confidential loan-level regulatory data to show that financial constraints can weigh on credit access and employment after a natural disaster at both the local and national level. Banks cut back on lending in disaster areas, particularly to the most financially constrained firms, and these reductions in credit supply lead to larger initial declines and slower subsequent recoveries in employment. Bank profitability is a key driver of this result: Borrowers more reliant on less-profitable lenders obtain fewer loans and pay higher interest rates following disasters. These less-profitable lenders also respond by providing fewer loans and charging higher interest rates to financially constrained borrowers in other unaffected areas. We show that these financial spillovers ultimately distort employment growth. Our findings suggest a potential role for policies that improve access to credit in the aftermath of natural disasters. |
| JEL: | G11 G12 G21 |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedkrw:102146 |
| By: | Phiri Kampanje, Brian |
| Abstract: | Maize is equated to life in Malawi and has substantial influence on the policy rate determined by the monetary authorities. The results of this study show that the price of maize has significantly gone up from US$0.26 in 2021 to US$0.74/kg in Malawi while annualised minimum wage has been decreasing from US$591.28 in 2021 to US$365.40 forcing more Malawians to spend more portion of their depressed earnings in buying expensive maize leading to dwindling living standards. The actual perennial maize deficit in Malawi is much higher than reported when postharvest losses, animal feed, industrial usage and informal crossborder trading are factored. Maize must be treated as a special crop and establish a formal market through establishment of a maize grain marketing board and enforce formal trading through maize futures to control quantity volatility and enhance price discovery. |
| Keywords: | Maize; Marketing; Board; SDGs; Malawi |
| JEL: | L11 L53 Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126540 |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet |
| Abstract: | In this note, we provide the first game-theoretic analysis of taxation and tax shifting when tanneries in Kanpur, India, that produce leather and pollute the Ganges River are taxed. We model the n≥2 tanneries as a Cournot oligopoly and a specific tax τ>0 is imposed on each unit of leather produced by the polluting tanneries. We first determine the symmetric Nash equilibrium output of leather and its price with the tax. Second, we show that the rate of tax shifting by the polluting tanneries is constant. Third, we discuss how increasing either the number of tanneries or the price elasticity of demand affects the tax shifting that takes place. Finally, we comment on the policy implications of constant tax shifting such as the predictability of the incidence of the tax burden. |
| Keywords: | Ganges River, Tannery, Specific Tax, Tax Shifting, Water Pollution |
| JEL: | H22 H23 Q25 |
| Date: | 2025–02–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126594 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Abrar Ahammed Bhuiyan |
| Abstract: | This brief, drawing on a CPD study, explores the current state of investment facilitation in Bangladesh’s renewable energy sector, particularly at the stages of business establishment and project implementation, with a special focus on Chinese investors. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy investment, foreign investment barriers, investment facilitation, regulatory transparency, digital governance, inter-agency coordination, responsible business conduct, anti-corruption practices, Chinese investors, UNCTAD framework |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:81 |
| By: | Anil, Thejan (Self-Employed) |
| Abstract: | The ESG Resonance Model (ESGRM) conceptualises how organisational communication, employee psychology, and stakeholder perception interact within the ESG landscape. It argues that stakeholder fatigue and organisational burnout are interconnected outcomes of communicative overload and misalignment between intent and action. Building on burnout theory (Maslach & Leiter, 1997) and the Job Demands–Resources framework (Demerouti et al., 2001), ESGRM integrates five domains—signal quality, signal intensity, alignment, assurance, and employee sense-making—within a quarterly feedback loop. The model proposes that when communication clarity and internal coherence are high, resonance strengthens, fostering trust and authenticity. Conversely, excessive signalling without alignment accelerates fatigue and erodes legitimacy. ESGRM thus functions as both a diagnostic and corrective framework, guiding organisations to evaluate and refine their communicative balance. Though conceptual in nature, it provides a foundation for future empirical testing through sentiment analysis and longitudinal feedback, positioning ESGRM as a dynamic bridge between communication theory and sustainable organisational strategy. |
| Date: | 2025–11–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hquka_v2 |
| By: | Roudari, Soheil; Ahmadian- Yazdi, Farzaneh; Mensi, Walid; Tiwari, Aviral |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the dynamic risk spillover among several uncertainty indices—trade policy uncertainty (TPU), financial policy uncertainty (FPU), and monetary policy uncertainty (MPU)—as well as WTI crude oil prices, the S&P500 stock market, and US green bonds. Utilizing graph theory and the TVP-VAR model, our findings indicate that WTI crude oil, green bonds, and S&P500 stock market returns predominantly act as net transmitters of shocks within the network. In contrast, TPU, FPU, and MPU generally serve as net receivers of these shocks. According to the TVP-VAR-DY analysis, green bonds provide significant benefits for portfolio diversification over the sample period. Nonetheless, the novel graph theory approach reveals that green bonds are not ideal diversifiers in the short term. Additionally, MPU exhibits the highest out-degree in the short term, while FPU shows the highest out-degree in the medium and long term. These results demonstrate the importance of different mathematical approaches, offering valuable insights for investors, policymakers, and academics. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds, stock market, oil, uncertainty index, TVP-VAR and graph theory |
| JEL: | G14 Q41 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126835 |
| By: | Frank Heinz (frank.heinz@rwth-aachen.de); Reinhard Madlener (1- Institute for Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN), School of Business and Economics / E.ON Energy Research Center, RWTH Aachen University, Mathieustrasse 10, 52074 Aachen, Germany; 2- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Sentralbygg 1, Gløshaugen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway. November 2023) |
| Abstract: | Day-ahead markets for electricity are important institutions in modern energy systems, but their functioning in a future, decarbonized economy has not yet been fully clarified. We address this question with a stochastic long-term simulation for the German market, in which intermittent renewable power generation and total electricity demand are modeled with separate stochastic processes. Model precision is achieved by using mean-reverting processes with time-dependent trend functions and positive dynamics that are calibrated to the current market. Model robustness is ensured by emulating a large number of different scenarios taken from recent research on a sustainable energy transition in Germany. The simulation shows that in a completely decarbonized economy, the day-ahead market for electricity continues to function: the price formation still works, the price volatility is increasing only moderately, and the electricity price remains sufficient for recovering capital investment. Consequently, the current energy-only market does not need to be complemented with capacity-oriented mechanisms. The long-term simulation further informs on the cost effectiveness of certain aspects of the ongoing sustainable energy transition, which is an important contribution to current policy. The model provides a suitable basis for future work with other stochastic methods like real options analysis, and it can be generalized to other markets. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Energy Transition; Day-ahead Market for Electricity; Mean-reverting Stochastic Process; Inverse Gamma Dynamics; Merit-Order Effect |
| JEL: | C58 C61 Q02 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:021787 |
| By: | Larrazábal, María Florencia; Guariste, Martina; Baltar, Fabiola; Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés |
| Abstract: | En el año 2010 se implementa en la pesquería de merluza hubbsi el sistema de cuotas (CITCs), que implicó un cambio significativo en dicha pesquería y en las relacionadas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el desempeño de una empresa que opera tanto en la pesquería de merluza como de langostino, para el período 2010-2023. Para ello se diseñó un estudio de caso con triangulación de métodos. En la fase cuantitativa se utilizaron fuentes secundarias de información y una encuesta a la empresa a fin de estimar la rentabilidad económica por tipo de flota. En la fase cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas a agentes clave del sector, para construir un marco de interpretación de la estrategia de la empresa y del impacto de las cuotas. De acuerdo con los entrevistados, las CITCs fueron positivas al lograr la sostenibilidad en la explotación de merluza hubbsi y otorgar estabilidad en dicha pesquería. Sin embargo, este cambio institucional llevó a la empresa a implementar una estrategia de diversificación productiva, aumentando la captura de langostino a fin de optimizar los costos económicos de la empresa. El diferencial de precios de exportación fue una variable fundamental para comprender dicha estrategia económica. |
| Keywords: | Diversificación de la Producción; Rentabilidad; Cuota de Pesca; Merluza; Empresas Pesqueras; Estudios de Casos; 2010-2023; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4410 |
| By: | Koetter, Michael; Winter, Birte; Wöbbeking, Carl Fabian |
| Abstract: | We study how and why local biodiversity affects residential property values. Leveraging remotely sensed greenness indicators and a novel dataset of granular property listings, we examine how changes in vegetation load on real estate prices. Hikes in greenness are associated with higher listing prices, fewer properties listed, and reduced liquidity in housing markets. These results suggest that price hikes in housing markets are driven by supply-side constraints instead of a "greenium" that buyers might be willing to pay due to innate preferences. Exogenous zoning shocks to foster biodiversity corroborate the presence of supply side constraints as price drivers in residential housing markets. Our findings emphasize the need to calibrate biodiversity and (social) housing policy objectives more explicitly. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity, house prices, remote sensing, risk |
| JEL: | Q51 Q57 Q58 R31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:331889 |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Zambrano, Patricia; Chambers, Judith; Falck-Zepeda, Jose |
| Abstract: | Tanzania’s agriculture is characterized by low productivity due to unpredictable rainfall and the prevalence of pests and diseases. Genetically modified (GM) maize offering protection against drought and insects are being developed. Likewise, GM varieties resistant to cassava brown streak disease were developed. Building on prior crop-based analyses, we use the Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) CGE model to assess the impacts of the adoption of those GM crops. GM maize and cassava have positive effects on the economy, the Agri-Food System (AFS), and poverty. Given its stronger linkages in the AFS, the effects of the GM maize are stronger, especially in higher adoption and high yield scenarios. Likewise, the effects on the poorest and rural households are greater. The high variation across scenarios, and the significant effect of the high adoption/high yield scenarios, suggests a high return to investments and policies that realize these adoption rates and yield potential. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344284 |
| By: | William Brock; Anastasios Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | This paper puts forth a growth model that takes into account the fact that the economy is embedded in a finite Earth. Economic activity uses services which are provided by the biosphere; however, this supply is finite. The question we explore in this paper is whether ideas that drive the accumulation of "brown" and "green" R&D that produces material goods which could be biosphere using or biosphere saving can provide persistent growth when the whole system is embedded in a finite Earth. Or, to put it differently, whether it is possible to have persistent growth supported by idea-driven technical change without violating the impact inequality proposed by Dasgupta (2021), which compares global demand for services provided by the biosphere to the supply of these services. We develop optimal time allocation models and provide conditions that support the feasibility of growth when the net impact on biosphere is zero. |
| Keywords: | growth, limits, biosphere, impact inequality, biosphere saving technology, combination of ideas, spillovers |
| JEL: | O44 J13 Q01 |
| Date: | 2025–11–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2564 |
| By: | Siqi Huang; Anupam Nanda; Eero Valtonen |
| Abstract: | Traditional ESG ratings, which primarily rely on structured data and qualitative assessments, often fail to capture the nuanced nature of ESG-related communications. Sentiment analysis using computational linguistics approaches offers a valuable complementary approach by systematically capturing the tone of ESG disclosures and media coverage, providing deeper insights into corporate sustainability commitments and stakeholder perceptions. This study adopts a novel approach using textual information set and investigates the relationship between ESG-related sentiment and the financial performance of Real Estate firms. Using a dataset of ESG-related press releases and news articles from 67 U.S. REITs, we employ three sentiment analysis models—TextBlob, Loughran and McDonald, and FinBERT—to extract sentiment scores at multiple levels. A polarity-based ESG Disclosure Sentiment Score (ESGDSS) is then developed and validated through correlation analysis with MSCI ESG Ratings. Furthermore, a regression-based analysis is conducted to evaluate the impact of ESGDSS on key financial and credit performance indicators. The findings add to our understanding of ESG in the real estate sector and its implications for investors. |
| Keywords: | ESG Communication; REITs; Sentiment Analysis |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_241 |
| By: | Giovannetti, Marcela; Rodríguez, Alberto Alejandro |
| Abstract: | Este trabajo constituye un eje transversal que une a la Contabilidad Financiera, la Contabilidad Gubernamental y el segmento de la Contabilidad Social y Ambiental. Aquí abordaremos el caso de la Administración de Punta Mogotes, el ente interjurisdiccional propiedad en un 70% de la Provincia de Buenos Aires y un 30% del Municipio de General Pueyrredon que tiene bajo su dominio una extensión de poco más de 2 km de un predio que contiene playas, parque, lagunas, vegetación y fauna. Haremos un breve recorrido por la historia del complejo y la creación del ente que actualmente lo administra. Luego analizaremos la normativa contable actualmente aplicada en la confección de Estados Contables de publicación para usuarios externos y veremos por qué razón, este ente estatal no aplica normas de contabilidad gubernamental ni recomendaciones técnicas para el sector público. Analizaremos la estructura de recursos naturales con los que cuenta el complejo y propondremos algunos lineamientos contables medioambientales que, a nuestro criterio, pueden ser reconocidos contablemente dado su peso en la explotación del negocio. Propondremos pautas para el reconocimiento y medición de activos ambientales y, del mismo modo, propondremos el reconocimiento de activos ambientales de prevención y de recomposición o remediación (Y eventualmente de gastos similares) indicando ejemplos concretos observados en el campo. Presentaremos además, ejemplos prácticos de pasivos ambientales que podrían llegar a reconocerse. Por último observamos la necesidad de contar con algunos indicadores contables ambientales útiles tanto para la toma de decisiones por los órganos del ente como para los usuarios de la información financiera de propósito general. |
| Keywords: | Información Contable; Contabilidad Ambiental; Estados Contables; |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4408 |