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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Cortina Lorente, Juan Jose; Raddatz, Claudio; Schmukler, Sergio; Williams, Tomas |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how firms use green versus conventional debt and the associated firm- and aggregate-level environmental consequences. Employing a dataset of 127, 711 global bond and syndicated loan issuances by non-financial firms across 85 countries during 2012–23, the paper documents a sharp rise in green debt issuances relative to conventional issuances since 2018. This increase is particularly pronounced among large firms with high carbon dioxide emissions. Local projections difference-in-differences estimates show that, compared to conventional debt, green bond and loan issuances are systematically followed by sustained reductions in carbon intensity (emissions over income) of up to 50 percent. These reductions correspond to as much as 15 percent of global annual emissions. Green bonds contribute to reducing emissions by providing financing to large, high-emitting firms, whose improvements in carbon intensity have significant aggregate consequences. Syndicated loans do so by channeling a larger volume of financing to a wider set of firms. |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11226 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Konstantinos Dellis; Christopher Deranian; Theofanis Zacharatos |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is a fundamental sector for Greece, accounting for more than 4% of the GDP and representing almost 11% of total employment. However, it is characterized by stagnant productivity and subpar contribution to climate change mitigation efforts. This chapter explores the transformation of the Greek agri-food system toward sustainability, leveraging insights from the FABLE calculator. The analysis highlights the environmental and economic benefits of transitioning to a National Commitments pathway, which aligns with EU and national policies and declarations and is underpinned by a bold reform agenda across the agri-food value chain. Key findings indicate that implementing targeted policies and adopting sustainable agricultural practices could halve agricultural greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 while reducing production costs by nearly 50%. A central theme of the chapter is the double dividend of shifting to a Mediterranean diet, which not only enhances public health but also significantly reduces emissions, particularly methane, from livestock. Holding all other assumptions compatible with a business-as-usual scenario, shifting to a Mediterranean diet is associated with a curbing of GHG emissions from agriculture of 5% by 2030 and 46% by 2050 compared to 2020 levels. The findings underscore the importance of addressing structural challenges in the Greek agricultural sector, including fragmented landholdings, low productivity, and slow technological adoption. Policy recommendations emphasize increasing investment in precision agriculture, strengthening Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS), and promoting financial incentives to facilitate sustainable transitions. Moreover, integrating the Mediterranean diet into national health strategies and raising public awareness can drive demand-side shifts. Ultimately, this chapter provides a roadmap for Greece to achieve a resilient and low-emission agri-food system, aligning with broader sustainability goals while fostering economic and environmental benefits. |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2556 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Chrysilia Pitti; Conrad Landis; Georgios Feretzakis |
| Abstract: | Achieving the global transition toward sustainable development demands innovative, data-driven approaches to workforce transformation aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study presents an AI-powered framework that automatically extracts competencies from policy documents and curricula vitae, maps them to standardized occupational frameworks, and quantifies their alignment with SDG targets. Leveraging transformer-based language models and FAISS-indexed similarity search, the framework achieves high accuracy (overall F1 = 0.963; up to 0.96 on specific categories), approaching expert-level benchmarks in detecting both explicit and implicit skill references. A distinctive component is the integrated SDG alignment module, which evaluates how extracted skills contribute to each of the 17 SDGs, showing particularly strong performance for environmental sustainability goals (F1 = 0.81). Although results for social SDGs are comparatively lower, they reveal promising directions for dataset expansion and refinement. The pipeline supports multiple document formats (HTML, PDF, DOCX, XML); however, in its current online implementation, it processes HTML documents exclusively. When applied to European Commission policy texts, the system successfully identified key green and digital skills, mapped them to ESCO occupations, and recommended targeted educational pathways from the SDG Academy. The interactive web interface enables real-time visualization of skill distributions, occupation alignments, and SDG relevance, providing actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and businesses. Overall, this work advances AI for sustainability by offering a practical, scalable, and human-in-the-loop decision-support tool that aligns human capital development with global sustainability objectives, fostering evidence-based policymaking for the twin green and digital transitions. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals, AI for Sustainability, Green Skills, Digital Transformation, Human Capital, Natural Language Processing, ESCO Framework, Workforce Development, Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2025–10–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2557 |
| By: | Khalid R Temsamani; Hafsa El Bekri |
| Abstract: | The impacts of climate change are increasingly manifesting through severe and multifaceted loss and damage, particularly across vulnerable regions such as the Mediterranean. These impacts extend beyond environmental degradation, contributing to forced displacement, food insecurity, political instability, and the erosion of human rights and dignity. Furthermore, they reinforce structural inequalities between the Global North and South, thereby challenging global principles of climate justice and equity. This policy brief offers a strategic set of recommendations to address the complex dimensions of climate-induced loss and damage in the Mediterranean region. It synthesizes key insights from a webinar held in October 2024, jointly organized by the Science Policy Platform-Climate (SPP-C) and the Positive Advisory Agenda (P2A), with technical support from ESSEC Business School Africa, and the contribution of the following institutions: the ConnectinGroup International Foundation; the Union for the Mediterranean; the Mediterranean Expert Group on Environmental and Climate Change (MedECC); UNIMED; Moroccan Ministry of Energy Transition, and Sustainable Development; ESSEC Business School Africa; WECEN; ENDA Energy – Senegal. The event, entitled “Strengthening Climate Finance for Loss and Damage within the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), ” served as a platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue and knowledge exchange. The brief proposes an integrated approach anchored in regional cooperation, inclusivity, and innovation. Key policy recommendations included enhancing Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus frameworks to promote systemic resilience; ensuring equitable access to climate finance mechanisms; establishing a dedicated funding stream for loss and damage; and improving science-policy communication channels. Additionally, the brief underscores the vital role of academic institutions in informing evidence-based policies and fostering long-term adaptation capacity. By bridging knowledge, finance, and governance gaps, this policy brief seeks to inform national and regional strategies that can strengthen resilience, protect livelihoods, and uphold climate justice in the face of accelerating climate threats. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb033_25 |
| By: | Sabrine Emran; Hanne Knaepen; Larabi Jaïdi |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) is seeking to enhance energy security. It clearly recognises North Africa’s strategic role in the global energy transition, given the region’s abundant renewable resources, with some of the world’s highest solar irradiation and strong winds. Joint efforts could advance shared sustainable energy solutions and generate mutual benefits. Climate finance plays a crucial role in facilitating the renewable energy transition. Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria are well-positioned to lead this transition, while advancing their own renewable energy sectors, green industrialisation and the hydrogen economy. Through the EU’s Global Gateway AfricaEurope Investment Package (EC, 2025a), various flagship projects have been approved for North Africa since 2023. These include green energy projects in Algeria and Tunisia (MedLink) (Council of the European Union, 2024), a 1.7 GW renewable energy programme in Tunisia in 2024 (Hellenic Aid, 2024) or the construction of a high-voltage undersea electrical interconnection between Egypt and Greece in 2023 (French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, 2023). However, realising this potential requires significant investment and infrastructure development to ensure a just and sustainable transition that benefits both local economies and global partners. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pbettg1_25 |
| By: | Sabrine Emran; Hanne Knaepen; Larabi Jaïdi |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) is seeking to enhance energy security. It clearly recognises North Africa’s strategic role in the global energy transition, given the region’s abundant renewable resources, with some of the world’s highest solar irradiation and strong winds. Joint efforts could advance shared sustainable energy solutions and generate mutual benefits. Climate finance plays a crucial role in facilitating the renewable energy transition. Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria are well-positioned to lead this transition, while advancing their own renewable energy sectors, green industrialisation and the hydrogen economy. Through the EU’s Global Gateway AfricaEurope Investment Package (EC, 2025a), various flagship projects have been approved for North Africa since 2023. These include green energy projects in Algeria and Tunisia (MedLink) (Council of the European Union, 2024), a 1.7 GW renewable energy programme in Tunisia in 2024 (Hellenic Aid, 2024) or the construction of a high-voltage undersea electrical interconnection between Egypt and Greece in 2023 (French Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, 2023). However, realising this potential requires significant investment and infrastructure development to ensure a just and sustainable transition that benefits both local economies and global partners. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pbettg_25 |
| By: | Khalid R Temsamani; Hafsa El Bekri |
| Abstract: | The impacts of climate change are increasingly manifesting through severe and multifaceted loss and damage, particularly across vulnerable regions such as the Mediterranean. These impacts extend beyond environmental degradation, contributing to forced displacement, food insecurity, political instability, and the erosion of human rights and dignity. Furthermore, they reinforce structural inequalities between the Global North and South, thereby challenging global principles of climate justice and equity. This policy brief offers a strategic set of recommendations to address the complex dimensions of climate-induced loss and damage in the Mediterranean region. It synthesizes key insights from a webinar held in October 2024, jointly organized by the Science Policy Platform-Climate (SPP-C) and the Positive Advisory Agenda (P2A), with technical support from ESSEC Business School Africa, and the contribution of the following institutions: the ConnectinGroup International Foundation; the Union for the Mediterranean; the Mediterranean Expert Group on Environmental and Climate Change (MedECC); UNIMED; Moroccan Ministry of Energy Transition, and Sustainable Development; ESSEC Business School Africa; WECEN; ENDA Energy – Senegal. The event, entitled “Strengthening Climate Finance for Loss and Damage within the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG), ” served as a platform for multi-stakeholder dialogue and knowledge exchange. The brief proposes an integrated approach anchored in regional cooperation, inclusivity, and innovation. Key policy recommendations included enhancing Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus frameworks to promote systemic resilience; ensuring equitable access to climate finance mechanisms; establishing a dedicated funding stream for loss and damage; and improving science-policy communication channels. Additionally, the brief underscores the vital role of academic institutions in informing evidence-based policies and fostering long-term adaptation capacity. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb33_25 |
| By: | Euston Quah (Economics, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University); Wai Mun Chia (Economics, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University); Yeow Hwee Chua (Economics, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University); Zach Lee (Economics, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University); Jun Rui Tan (Economics, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University) |
| Abstract: | ASEAN Green Future is a multi-year regional research project that involves the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), Climateworks Centre and nine country teams from leading universities and think tanks across Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indoesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietname). The researchers undertake quantitative and qualitative climate policy analysis and develop net zero pathways to inform policy recommendations and support the strategice foresight of policy makers. The Phase 1 country reports priorities and actions to date, and key techology and policy opportunities to further advance domestic climate action. The Phase 1 regional report positions Southeast Asia's low carbo transition pathways within a global context using the country reports and other studies. This series of reports, produced througha synthesis of existing research and knowledge, builds the case for advancing the region's climate agenda. Phase 2 of the ASEAN Green Future project uses modelling to quantitatively assess the different decarbonisation pathways for Southeast Asia. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nan:wpaper:2501 |
| By: | Kumara T M, Kiran; Birthal, Pratap Singh; Meena, Dinesh Chand; Kumar, Anjani |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is multi-functional, producing economic goods including food, feed, fibre, and fuel, as well as providing several intangible or non-tradable services to society free of cost. Non-tradable services, unlike economic goods, remain unpriced; as a result, farmers are not compensated monetarily for the benefits of the several non-tradable services they provide through agriculture. Recognizing the monetary value of non-tradable ecosystem services is crucial to incentivize farmers to adopt eco-friendly technologies and practices for the sustainable development of agriculture. Through a meta-analysis of the existing evidence on ecosystem services, this study attempts to estimate the value of ecosystem services by using direct and indirect valuation methods—for example, carbon sequestration, methane emission, nutrient availability, biological nitrogen fixation, and water saving—generated by several important technological and agronomic interventions, namely the direct seeding of rice (DSR), zero-tillage in wheat, leguminous crops, organic manure, integrated nutrient management, and agroforestry, based on studies conducted in India. It also explores the trade-offs between the non-tradable and tradable ecosystem services attributable to these interventions. The monetary value of the non-tradable services resulting from most of these interventions is quite large, 34–77% of the total value of all the ecosystem services. However, not all interventions result in a win-win situation that yields improvements in both tradable and non-tradable outcomes. While no-till wheat, legumes, and integrated nutrient management result in a win-win outcome, there are trade-offs between the tradable and non tradable ecosystem services in the cases of directed seed rice, organic manure, and agroforestry. This evidence suggests that not all agricultural technologies and practices are beneficial for farmers, despite their higher environmental benefits. Thus, the findings of this study imply that agricultural policy should provide incentives for the adoption of technologies and practices to conserve ecosystems and natural resources. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem services; agriculture; economic value; farmers; sustainability; incentives; technology adoption; India; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:140796 |
| By: | Ferid Belhaj |
| Abstract: | MENA faces a severe water crisis, with 12 of the world’s 17 most water-stressed countries. Climate change, population growth, inefficient water management, and weak governance drive this challenge. Water production, treatment, and distribution require high energy inputs, while energy generation depends on water for cooling and refining. The region must integrate renewable energy, especially solar power, into water solutions like desalination. Inaction could shrink GDP by up to 14% by 2050, while a $500 billion investment over the next decade could secure water resources. Key solutions include renewable-powered desalination, modernized water networks, large-scale wastewater recycling, and innovative financing through green bonds, public- private partnerships, and sovereign wealth funds. Regional collaboration on transboundary water management and shared desalination projects remains essential. MENA must act now. By integrating sustainable water-energy strategies, the region can secure its future and drive stability and growth. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb016_25 |
| By: | Camille Megy (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | As the global transition toward low-carbon energy systems intensifies, Power-to-Gas (PtG) technology plays a crucial role in converting surplus electricity into hydrogen via water electrolysis. However, scaling up renewable hydrogen production presents environmental challenges, particularly concerning freshwater resources, which are expected to decline due to climate change. While the integration of water considerations has been explored in electricity systems, they have received little attention in the context of hydrogen systems. This article examines how climate-induced water availability constraints affect joint electricity and hydrogen planning. We employ a linear programming model to optimize investment and operating decisions. A regret-minimizing approach is used to compare planning decisions with and without considering water availability constraints. We focus on a French case study at a river basin scale. Results indicate that incorporating climate impacts on water resources leads to increased investments in renewables and PtG capacity, helping offset reductions in hydro and nuclear production and ensuring adequate hydrogen supply during summer. The regret-minimizing approach demonstrates that proactively considering the impacts of climate change on water resources in electricity and hydrogen planning minimizes regrets. This findings highlight the importance of integrating water constraints in energy system models and contribute to the broader dialogue on climate change adaptation planning. |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cea-05294990 |
| By: | Fausto Cavalli; Alessandra Mainini; Enrico Moretto; Ahmad Naimzada |
| Abstract: | We propose an evolutionary model to study the transition toward green technology under the influence of innovation. Clean and dirty technologies are selected according to their profitability under an environmental tax, which depends on the overall pollution level. Pollution itself evolves dynamically: it results from the emissions of the two types of producers, naturally decays, and is reduced through the implementation of the current abatement technology. The regulator collects tax revenues and allocates them between the implementation of the existing abatement technology and its innovation, which increases the stock of knowledge and thereby enhances abatement effectiveness. From a static perspective, we show the existence of steady states, both with homogeneous populations of clean or dirty producers and with heterogeneous populations where both technologies coexist. We discuss the mechanisms through which these steady states emerge and how they may evolve into one another. From a dynamical perspective, we characterize the resulting scenarios, showing how innovation can foster a green transition if coupled with a suitable level of taxation. At the same time, we investigate how improper environmental policies may also produce unintended outcomes, such as environmental deterioration, reversion to dirty technology, or economic unsustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2509.25272 |
| By: | Anyfantaki, Sofia; Blix Grimaldi, Marianna; Papadopoulos, Georgios; Madeira, Carlos; Malovana, Simona |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses a significant risk to financial stability by impacting sovereign credit risk. Quantifying the exact impact is difficult as climate risk encompasses different components– transition risk and physical risk – with some of these, as well as the policies to address them, playing out over a long time horizon. In this paper, we use a large panel of 52 developed and developing economies over two decades to empirically investigate the extent to which climate risks influence sovereign yields. The results of a panel regression analysis show that transition risk is associated with higher sovereign yields, with the effect more pronounced for developing economies and for high-emitting countries after the Paris agreement. In contrast, high-temperature anomalies do not appear to be priced-in sovereign borrowing costs. At the same time, countries with high levels of debt tend to record higher sovereign yields as acute physical risk increases. In the medium term, using local projections, we find that sovereign yields respond significantly but also differently to different types of disaster caused by climate change. We also explore the nonlinear effects of weather-related natural disasters on sovereign yields and find a striking contrast in the impact of climate shocks on sovereign borrowing costs according to income level and fiscal space when the shock hits. JEL Classification: C23, E62, H63, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate risk, natural disasters, sovereign risk, temperature change, transition risk |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253135 |
| By: | Arianna Agosto (University of Pavia); Alessandro Bitetto (Carlo Cattaneo University-LIUC); Paola Cerchiello (University of Pavia); Yana Kostiuk (IUSS School for Advanced Studies Pavia); Alessandra Tanda (University of Pavia) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we propose a new, entirely data-driven, and time-consistent index of environmental performance that relies on a reliable statistical technique to objectively assess environmental sustainability. While most indices depend on expert based or equally distributed weights, the proposed index — the Data-Driven Environmental Performance Index (DDEPI) — is built on empirical data, focusing on variables that account for the largest share of variance in the data over time. To construct the proposed index, we apply a dimensionality reduction technique, such as Robust Principal Component Analysis (Robust PCA), which captures the relationship between variables and countries for each year. The DDEPI is primarily driven by indicators related to air quality, drinking water quality, and biodiversity. An analysis of the causal relationships between the proposed index and country specific dimensions highlights the critical role of institutional quality and natural resource management in achieving sustainability goals. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Performance, Sustainability Index, Data-Driven, Policy Planning, Country Ranking, Robust Statistics |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pav:demwpp:demwp0230 |
| By: | Pablo Garcia (BANQUE CENTRALE DU LUXEMBOURG); Pascal Jacquinot (EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK); Crt Lenarcic (BANKA SLOVENIJE); Kostas Mavromatis (DE NEDERLANDSCHE BANK); Niki Papadopoulou (EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK); Edgar Silgado-Gómez (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | We explore the macroeconomic effects of climate policies promoting the green energy transition in the euro area using an extended version of the Euro Area and Global Economy (EAGLE) model. The model differentiates between brown and green energy sectors and incorporates carbon taxes and brown capital income taxes. We analyze scenarios with unilateral and globally coordinated carbon taxes, with and without revenue redistribution to green firms and financially constrained households. Carbon taxes act as negative supply shocks, raising inflation and lowering output, while subsidies to green energy firms reduce green energy prices, supporting the transition and easing recessions. Redistribution to constrained households boosts consumption but does not accelerate the green transition. Taxes on brown capital income lower both inflation and output by acting as demand shocks. Recycling revenue from this tax to subsidize green capital investment strengthens the shift to green energy and moderates economic contractions. Global coordination of carbon taxes delivers only modest additional macroeconomic effects compared with unilateral action, as substitution in energy use outweighs international spillovers. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of these findings under alternative assumptions about price rigidity, substitution elasticities and monetary policy. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, carbon taxation, fiscal policy, monetary policy, euro area, DSGE modeling |
| JEL: | C53 E32 E52 F45 H30 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2537 |
| By: | Laborde Debucquet, David; Olivetti, Elsa B.; Piñeiro, Valeria; Illescas, Nelson |
| Abstract: | This study identifies food system interventions with high transformational potential for Indonesia by utilizing the MIRAGRODEP a multi-region, multisector computable general equilibrium model to analyze policy scenarios. Our findings reveal a range of economic, social, and environmental impacts. Initiatives such as social safety nets and food stamps can enhance affordability, while repurposing farm subsidies can improve socio-economic sustainability. Comprehensive policy packages that include social safety nets, repurposing agricultural supports, environmental regulation and investment in sustainable production, can lead to substantial GDP growth, poverty reduction, and dietary enhancements. However, each intervention presents distinct trade-offs between economic gains and environmental implications. This analysis underscores the need for a holistic policy approach when trying to achieve multiple sustainability goals. Implementing a blend of policies designed to promote environmental, social, and economic sustainability simultaneously could drive Indonesia towards a sustainable and resilient food system, addressing the complex interplay between economic development, environmental conservation, and improved nutrition. |
| Keywords: | food systems; computable general equilibrium models; policies; social safety nets; sustainable development; agriculture; economic development; nutrition; poverty; Indonesia; South-eastern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024–07–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:149269 |
| By: | Hasnaa Gaboun (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Mohammed Hassainate (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable finance has emerged as a pivotal model for aligning financial practices with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. Simply put, it is "finance for sustainability" (Migliorelli, 2021). This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) from 2005 to 2024 about sustainable finance, its instruments, strategies, frameworks, and challenges. For this purpose, we relied on the PRISMA framework to conduct the review process. We used Scopus as a primary database for article selection. Further literature was identified using Google Scholar, JSTOR, and citation chaining. The final pool consisted of 36 documents, extracted and analysed using Zotero and NVIVO. The review highlights the main instruments of sustainable finance (green and sustainability-linked bonds and loans), its strategies (positive, negative, norm-based, and transversal screenings), its frameworks (PRB, PRI, and TCFD) as well as its challenges. |
| Abstract: | La finance durable a émergé en tant que modèle pivot dans l'alignement des pratiques financières avec les considérations environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance (ESG). Bien que ce concept ne puisse être résumé, il peut toutefois être présenté comme étant la finance au service de la durabilité (Migliorelli, 2021). Le présent article propose une revue de littérature systématique depuis 2005 à 2024, couvrant la finance durable, ses instruments, stratégies, taxonomies et défis. Pour ce faire, nous avons adopté le cadre PRISMA. Nous avons basé notre sélection sur la base de données Scopus en premier lieu. D'autres références ont été incluses à travers Google Scholar, JSTOR et les citations enchaînées. La sélection finale consiste en 36 documents, extraits et analysés via Zotero et NVIVO. La revue de littérature met en évidence les principaux instruments de la finance durable (prêts et obligations vertes, ainsi que les prêts et obligations indexées sur la durabilité), les stratégies (filtrage positif, négatif, basé sur des normes ou transversal), les taxonomies (PRB, PRI et TCFD) et les défis. |
| Keywords: | Finance, Sustainability, Development, CSR, SRI, Développement, Durabilité, ISR, RSE |
| Date: | 2025–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05245574 |
| By: | Mengying Wu; Kristen McCormack; William A. Scott; Aaron Smith; Jingran Zhang; James H. Stock |
| Abstract: | Decarbonizing aviation in the short term will likely entail replacing large quantities of petroleum jet fuel with sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), which are predominantly biofuels. In the United States, biofuels are currently used as substitutes for gasoline and diesel in road transportation and are supported by a complex set of federal and state policies including the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), state low carbon fuel standards, and state and federal tax credits. Policies promoting SAF therefore interact with surface transport biofuel policies. In this paper, we use a new detailed partial equilibrium model of road and air transportation fuel markets to compare various policy options designed to achieve a target of 3 billion gallons of SAF by 2030. Our results suggest that the target is attainable with current technology but not with current policy. Several potential federal policies, including modifications to the existing RFS, a federal SAF tax credit, or a clean aviation standard could meet the 3 billion gallon target with similar emissions reductions and costs but different incidence. The lowest cost policy we study entails replacing all current biofuels policies with a modest carbon tax on fossil transportation fuels paired with a SAF tax credit. |
| JEL: | Q16 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34326 |
| By: | Marcus Vinicius de Freitas |
| Abstract: | China's ascent to the position of the world's most prominent energy consumer has altered global energy markets and fundamentally reshaped the geopolitics of energy security. As China navigates the complexities of sustaining its economic momentum, ensuring access to reliable, affordable, and diversified energy sources has become an existential imperative, intricately woven into its foreign policy strategy. In parallel, Africa's immense wealth of both conventional and renewable resources, coupled with its drive toward industrialization and sustainable development, presents a remarkable opportunity for a transformative partnership. This Policy Paper explores the strategic intersection between China's energy imperatives and Africa's developmental aspirations. It argues for a relational cooperation model that transcends a narrow transactional approach, and champions an inclusive, sustainable, and future-oriented partnership. Historically characterized by overseas investments in oilfields, critical infrastructure, and renewable energy projects, China's engagement is examined against Africa's chronic energy poverty and industrialization needs. China can enhance its energy security and gain access to Africa's abundant energy resources. At the same time, Africa can accelerate its progress towards the goals enshrined in Agenda 2063, improve its energy infrastructure, and boost its industrialization. However, the partnership is not without significant risks. Issues of debt sustainability, environmental and social governance, and political instability threaten to undermine the transformational potential of China–Africa energy cooperation. Accordingly, this Policy Paper stresses the imperative for transparent, inclusive, and sustainable modes of engagement, advocating for stronger environmental stewardship, enhanced local capacity-building, and greater alignment with Africa's regional integration agendas. This emphasis on transparency and sustainability is crucial to building confidence in the partnership. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp27_25 |
| By: | Arnold-Keifer, Sonja; Barkhausen, Robin; Berger, Frederic; Hillenbrand, Thomas; Liesenhoff, Fabian; Niederste-Hollenberg, Jutta; Sánchez González, Rodrigo |
| Abstract: | This report investigates relationships between the water and electricity sectors, emphasizing their shared challenges in the context of climate change and urbanization. As both sectors are crucial for modern society, their evolution towards sustainability is increasingly vital. The report begins with a historical overview of each sector, illustrating how the electricity sector has pioneered innovative approaches that can inform the water sector's transition. The analysis identifies three key concepts - smart meters and dynamic pricing schemes, legal instruments such as cap-and-trade schemes, and extended sector coupling - that have proven effective in the electricity sector and evaluates their potential applicability to the water sector. Smart meters, which enable real-time monitoring and efficient demand management, could enhance water usage efficiency, while dynamic pricing models could incentivize conservation behaviours. Additionally, the exploration of legal instruments like cap-and-trade schemes may provide new frameworks for managing water resources more effectively. The report also discusses the potential for extended sector coupling, where the integration of water and energy systems can optimize resource use and improve resilience. This approach highlights the importance of viewing water not just as a utility, but as a resource that can contribute to energy management and sustainability. Despite the opportunities for innovation, the report acknowledges the challenges faced by the water sector, including its regulatory constraints and the fragmented nature of its market. These factors contribute to a slower adoption of new technologies compared to the electricity sector. However, the potential benefits of adapting successful strategies from the electricity sector are significant, with implications for resource management, regulatory compliance, and system integration. In conclusion, the report advocates for further research and pilot projects to explore the feasibility and impact of these concepts within the water sector. By leveraging lessons learned from the electricity sector, stakeholders can enhance the resilience, efficiency, and sustainability of water systems, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable future for both sectors. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:328002 |
| By: | Hasselbalch, Jacob; Larsen, Mathias |
| Abstract: | When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that the literature is caught in a false binary. To constructively move the debate forward, we propose giving up the paradigmatic and polarized approach and instead embracing a multidimensional plurality of imagined growth futures. |
| Keywords: | green growth; degrowth; post-growth; imaginaries; paradigms |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129714 |
| By: | Thomas, Timothy S.; Robertson, Richard D. |
| Abstract: | In this paper we present analysis on the recent historical trend in agriculture in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region, along with analysis of recent historical trends in temperature and precipitation. We also present 5 climate models and describe the possible future climates associated with these. We use these climate models with crop models -- for seven crops -- and bioeconomic models to further assess the impact on agricultural productivity throughout the region and how the agricultural sector will transform through 2050. While we evaluate seven crops in detail, we note the key role that maize plays for the region, and we assess -- considering the regional and global impact of climate change -- how the role of maize will change over time and whether the change will be rapid enough to shift regional agriculture into a more vibrant sector. We find that while the relative importance of maize to farmers in the region will decline, out to 2050 maize will remain the dominant crop. Additional policies and investments will need to be implemented if the goal is to hasten the transition to higher value or more nutritious crops. |
| Keywords: | bioeconomic models; climate change; maize; crop modelling; agricultural production; modelling; climate models; Eastern Africa; Southern Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:139503 |
| By: | Anna Che Azmi (Department of Accounting Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-2-Name: Ying Hou Author-2-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-3-Name: Azlina Abdul Jalil Author-3-Workplace-Name: Department of Accounting Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya, Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study summarizes the carbon disclosure indicators currently used in the literature and aims to explore what types of carbon information corporate disclosure can improve the comparability and understandability of carbon reporting. Methodology/Technique - This study conducted a systematic literature review of the relevant literature in two databases, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). Sixty-seven relevant academic articles were analyzed to summarize commonly used carbon disclosure indicators and guidelines for constructing a carbon disclosure framework. Findings - This study categorizes the disclosure indicators used in the existing literature into ten categories, describing the information that each indicator can convey and the role that it provides for stakeholder decision-making. This was used as a basis for identifying the carbon disclosure indicators necessary to improve the comparability and understandability of carbon reporting. Novelty - This study identifies the limitations of current carbon disclosure indicators and provides targeted recommendations on how companies should select carbon disclosure indicators when making disclosures. These insights are intended to support the future implementation of standardized carbon reporting and auditing practices, thereby strengthening global climate governance. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Corporate Carbon Disclosure, Disclosure Indicator, GHG emission, Comparability, Comprehensibility |
| JEL: | Q56 M40 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr241 |
| By: | Matzner, Nils; Otto, Danny; Polzin, Christine; Hauck, Jennifer; Förster, Johannes; Wollnik, Ronja; Siedschlag, Daniela; Thrän, Daniela |
| Abstract: | How are different processes for removing CO2 from the atmosphere perceived by stakeholders in different regions of Germany? This question was explored in workshops of the project BioNET ("Multistage assessment of biobased negative emission technologies")1 in order to beter understand the potential and challenges of biomass-based carbon dioxide removal (bioCDR) technologies. Experts from industry, agriculture, forestry, NGOs and policy were involved in four stakeholder workshops to discuss bioCDR measures, their regional characteristics and sociopolitical trust. The results show that bioCDR technologies such as afforestation, pyrolysis of biomass (PyCCS) and peatland rewetting are seen as promising, but face regulatory, economic and social barriers. While there are regional differences in feasibility, there are recurring challenges such as land competition, lack of political support and uncertainties in financing. Particular emphasis was placed on the importance of cascading use in order to maximize the efficiency of bioCDR. The "Carbon Cascadia" simulation game we developed supported the discussion on biomass cascades and long-term CO2 storage. The results highlight the need for targeted funding instruments and a coordinated policy framework, including citizen participation, in order to establish bioCDR in the long term. Without clear strategies and societal involvement, there is a risk that the potential of these technologies will remain untapped. The report provides valuable insights for research, policy and practice for the further development of bioCDR in Germany. |
| Keywords: | biomass, climate policy, stakeholders, carbon dioxide removal, negative emissions, biomass-based carbon dioxide removal (bioCDR) technologies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:328003 |
| By: | Gianfranco Giuloni; Edmondo Di Giuseppe; Arianna Di Paola |
| Abstract: | This work outlines the modeling steps for developing a tool aimed at supporting policymakers in guiding policies toward more sustainable wheat production. In the agricultural sector, policies affect a highly diverse set of farms, which differ across several dimensions such as size, land composition, local climate, and irrigation availability. To address this significant heterogeneity, we construct an Agent-Based Model (ABM). The model is initialized using a representative survey of Italian farms, which captures their heterogeneity. The ABM is then scaled to include a number of farms comparable to those operating nationwide. To capture broader dynamics, the ABM is integrated with two additional components:a global model of international wheat markets and a tool for assessing the environmental impacts of wheat production. This integrated framework enables us to account for the feedback loop between global prices and local production while evaluating the environmental implications of policy measures. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.02154 |
| By: | Zoltan Bartha |
| Abstract: | With rising concerns about climate change, the issue of green growth have been growing in importance. The aim of this study is to establish a measurement method for green growth, and to identify the best performing countries in this field. The Future, Outside, and Inside (FOI) development model was used to measure the performance of the 38 OECD countries. Based on their 2019-20 scores, the countries that are top performers in green growth are the members of the so called Welfare-participatory cluster (Austria, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Isra-el, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden), and two outliers (Iceland, and Luxembourg). |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.02367 |
| By: | Théo Aphecetche |
| Abstract: | The transition to a low-carbon economy requires significant investments in green technologies and infrastructure. Despite growing demand for sustainable finance, investment barriers persist, hindering the flow of capital towards environmentally sustainable projects. Building on a literature review, and analysis of existing work in G20 countries, this brief identifies three key investment barriers: legislative, skills-related, and operational. The brief highlights for each barrier possible solutions to lift or at least reduce them and identify possible room for international cooperation. We identify where such solutions are being discussed in the framework of the G20 such as the G20 voluntary high-level Principles for Financial Institution and Corporate Transition to ensure globally consistent and comparable disclosure standards – addressing legislative barriers, or the G20 Technical Assistance Action Plan to create an ecosystem of capacity-building initiatives encompassing a series of advisory, operational, and technical programs – addressing skills-related barriers. The brief underlines that further efforts are still warranted to ensure effective implementation of the G20 recommendations/tools. The brief also goes beyond G20 existing initiatives and offers some additional solutions to further address the identified barriers such as agreeing on clear, science-based and interoperable taxonomies - to address legislative barriers, and develop market-based solutions, such as green bonds and other financial instruments, to incentivise investment in green projects – and address operational barriers. |
| Keywords: | sustainable finance, macroeconomic enabling factors, green transition, investment, green skills. |
| JEL: | E61 G28 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:ecobri:083 |
| By: | Sabrina Pisano (PARTHENOPE - Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” = University of Naples); Luigi Lepore (PARTHENOPE - Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” = University of Naples); Raffaela Nastari (PARTHENOPE - Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” = University of Naples); Bakr Al‐gamrh (ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between corporate governance characteristics and environmental decoupling, that is, the misalignment between environmental disclosure and environmental performance. We analyze a sample of 728 European companies (3061 firm-year observations) belonging to 18 industries and 20 different countries from 2017 to 2023. The results show that companies tend not to disclose all the environmental actions implemented, indicating underreporting behavior. The results also reveal that board independence, board gender diversity, and the presence of a CSR committee mostly foster a reduction in environmental decoupling. Furthermore, these corporate governance characteristics are also found to be effective mechanisms in enhancing companies' environmental performance. However, only the presence of a CSR committee has a strong positive effect on the quantity of environmental information disclosed. Although companies tend to underreport environmental data, the level of environmental decoupling decreased in 2023, demonstrating that the introduction of more stringent requirements for environmental disclosure (i.e., the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive 2022/2464/EU) could promote better alignment between sustainability disclosure and performance. The findings provide important recommendations for companies, regulators, and standard setters on how to design and configure the board of directors to align environmental disclosure and performance.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
| Keywords: | independent board member, disclosure-performance gap, CSR committee, Corporate social responsibility, Board gender diversity, Agency theory |
| Date: | 2025–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05245351 |
| By: | Jaqueline Coelho Visentin; Ademir Antônio Moreira Rocha; Marcos Roberto Benso; Eduardo Mario Mendiondo; Eduardo Amaral Haddad |
| Abstract: | This study develops and applies an Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) framework to evaluate the economic impacts of hydrological anomalies on irrigated agriculture productivity across Brazil’s twelve hydrographic regions. The framework integrates three components: (i) an econometric model estimating the sensitivity of irrigated yields to reductions in Blue Water availability; (ii) a set of seven hydrological models projecting Blue Water supply across the twelve hydrographic regions under two climate scenarios (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP)2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) between 2015 and 2099; and (iii) a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model (B-MARIA-12RH) capturing direct, regional, indirect, and interregional economic effects of productivity shocks under uncertainty. The results show that if the average reduction in Blue Water availability projected under SSP2-4.5 (2015–2099) had affected irrigated agricultural productivity in 2015, Brazil’s real Gross Domestic Product would have declined by approximately -0.0052% (USD 95 million in 2015 values). This effect is mainly driven by a contraction in export volumes (up to -0.0322%) and a reduction in aggregate capital income (up to -0.0101%), disproportionately affecting capital-intensive sectors. Employment losses are most pronounced in S01-Agriculture, including support (-0.0389%), S12-Tobacco products (-0.0342%), S20-Biofuels (-0.0182%), and S09-Refined sugar (-0.0168%). Regionally, the largest contractions in Gross Regional Product occur in HR10-São Francisco (-0.0168%), HR2-Eastern Atlantic (-0.0154%), and HR12-Uruguay (-0.016%), underscoring vulnerabilities in irrigation-dependent territories. By linking physical and economic dimensions of climate change, the proposed IAM framework provides policy-relevant insights into adaptive strategies that strengthen resilience in water-intensive sectors and regions. This study contributes to ecological and climate economics by operationalizing a multi-scale, interdisciplinary modelling approach for evaluating adaptation options. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Climate change; Hydrological anomalies; Economic losses; Integrated Assessment Model; Computable General Equilibrium; Brazil |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:021670 |
| By: | Markoulakis, Andreas; Nduka, Eleanya |
| Abstract: | We investigate how different facets of energy security, e.g., energy vulnerability (domestic energy supply, import dependency, technology development on energy sources), energy affordability (higher prices) and energy reliability (power cuts frequency) impact the support for different sources of renewable energy — offshore and onshore wind power, biomass energy and solar power. Our results show that there is a common pattern for energy vulnerability since as concerns decline, the probability of support for each renewable source also declines, but the rate of decline is larger for biomass and onshore wind. Energy imports dependency and affordability reveal a distinction between the wind power sources and the other sources since both offshore and onshore wind power are affected less by energy imports concerns or affordability concerns. Energy reliability is the only facet that leads to a rise in the probability of support for offshore wind. The above results are critical for policy appraisal purposes to inform policymakers on the differences between energy security facets and renewable energy sources when designing future energy policies towards net zero strategies. |
| Keywords: | Energy security ; renewable energy ; offshore wind ; onshore wind ; solar ; biomass. JEL Classification: Q20 ; Q40 ; Q42 ; Q48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1583 |
| By: | Aissatou Ndimblane (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Kassoum Ayouba (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Olivier Aznar (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | We assess the eco-efficiency of French inter-municipal cooperation entities in charge of waste management. We employ a conditional order-m approach to (i) estimate their eco-efficiency considering variables characterizing their environmental context, (ii) evaluate the effect of these contextual variables on the eco-efficiency. Our results demonstrate that the population size, the type of area (e.g., tourist, rural), and the waste pricing systems significantly influence eco-efficiency. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring local waste management policies to the specific characteristics and available resources of each area. They provide valuable insights for local authorities seeking to enhance eco-efficiency and optimize waste management practices. © 2025 The Authors |
| Keywords: | Eco-efficiency Municipal waste management Conditional approach Contextual variables, Municipal waste management, Eco-efficiency, Contextual variables, Conditional approach |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05232549 |
| By: | Jaqueline Coelho Visentin; Marcus André Fuckner; Sérgio Rodrigues Ayrimoraes Soares; Marcela Ayub Brasil; Alexandre Lima de Figueiredo Teixeira; Carlos Alberto Gonçalves Junior; Keyi Ando Ussami |
| Abstract: | Brazil holds approximately 12% of the world’s surface freshwater, positioning it as a water-rich country. However, climate change and growing demand exacerbate water security challenges across Brazilian river basins, placing increasing pressure on economies reliant on water resources. Managing multiple and competing uses in this context is complex, especially in water-scarce regions where priority and non-priority demands must be balanced. Growing attention is therefore directed toward indirect water use embedded in supply chains, as it provides a clearer picture of the sectors and trade flows exerting the greatest pressure on water availability. This study identifies the main direct and indirect contributors to Blue Water withdrawal for consumptive use by estimating Virtual Water and Water Footprints, and evaluates their impacts on quantitative water balance, value added, and employment from a watershed perspective in Brazil. We integrate the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) with an interregional Environmentally Extended Input-Output Model (EE-IOM) at the river basin level, covering 24 economic sectors in 2017 three different regions: for the Grande and Paraíba do Sul Basins and the rest of Brazil. Results reveal significant water stress, with restricted water balances of 13% in the Grande and 9% in the Paraíba do Sul Basin. These critical conditions are primarily driven by Blue Water withdrawals linked to interregional trade, which exerts greater influence on water balance criticality than international trade. In the Grande Basin, 80% of water withdrawals are allocated to exports (50% interregional, 30% international), while in the Paraíba do Sul Basin, 74% of withdrawals support exports (61% interregional, 14% international). Findings also show that water-intensive production and trade generate relatively low value added and employment, underscoring inefficiencies particularly relevant in water-restricted regions. These insights highlight the need for policies that go beyond regulating international trade to also address interregional flows, and to support the design of water pricing mechanisms, sectoral reallocation strategies, and efficiency improvements. By reconciling economic development with sustainable water use, such measures can strengthen resilience and promote equitable growth in Brazil’s water-stressed regions. |
| Keywords: | water; watershed; SEEA; Input-Output Model; Brazil |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:021672 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The second Trump administration’s reversal of federal climate policy is reshaping the U.S. energy and industrial landscape, with significant implications for macroeconomic performance, clean technology competitiveness, and global climate cooperation. While the deregulatory shift and emphasis on fossil-fuel production may generate short-term output gains in selected sectors, the long-term structural transformation necessary for sustained growth in an increasingly low-carbon global economy is likely to be undermined. President Donald Trump’s efforts to dismantle the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and related climate policies has disrupted private investment flows, stalled infrastructure deployment, and raised uncertainty for firms in clean-energy supply chains. Simultaneously, regulatory weakening—particularly of emissions standards—has heightened fiscal and systemic risks, while eroding the credibility of U.S. financial markets in pricing climate exposure. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb024_25 |
| By: | Demis Legrenzi (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Department of Economics and Management, Università degli Studi di Brescia); Emanuele Ciola (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Department of Economics and Management, Università degli Studi di Brescia); Davide Bazzana (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Department of Economics and Management, Università degli Studi di Brescia) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the macro-financial effects of alternative adaptation strategies in response to exogenous shocks in labor productivity caused by climate change. Using a Stock-Flow-Consistent Agent-Based model calibrated to U.S. data, we analyze two main scenarios: (i) a change in the conduct of monetary policy to account for climate-related damages, and (ii) a firm-level adaptation strategy that internalizes expected climate losses. We evaluate both scenarios under the assumption of either homogeneous or heterogeneous climate shocks. Our results indicate that both strategies can mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on output and wealth distribution. However, their performance is significantly worse in the presence of heterogeneous climate shocks, which also lead to a persistent increase in firms’ leverage. Moreover, while firm-level adaptation relies primarily on internal resources, monetary policy adjustments increase firms’ dependence on external debt financing, underscoring the need for closer monitoring of financial stability in such circumstances. |
| Keywords: | Integrated assessment model, Agent-based model, Financial stability, Climate change adaptation, Climate-aware monetary policy |
| JEL: | C63 E50 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.18 |
| By: | Ruoyan Zhang (School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China; Economic Growth Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore); Shengqiang Zhou (School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, China); Ru Chen (Bay Area International Business School, Beijing Normal University, China; Economic Growth Centre, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore) |
| Abstract: | China is harmonizing the symbiotic relationship between humans and nature through efforts to implement grassland ecological compensation policies (GECP), which have triggered changes in the resilience of farmers' livelihoods within grassland ecosystems. This study examines the direct impacts of climate change on the livelihood resilience of farm households and the direct and moderating effects of GECP on livelihood resilience by constructing a robust empirical strategy using sample data from a multi-year tracking of the regions where GECP was implemented. The results showed that the level of livelihood resilience of farm households showed an increasing trend during the period 2010–2019, buffering capacity and learning capacity are important components in the livelihood resilience of farm households, and higher temperatures and reduced precipitation have negative impacts on the livelihood resilience of farm households. The direct effect of GECP implementation significantly increased the level of livelihood resilience of farm households in the second cycle, but GECP was shown to play a significant moderating role in the relationship between climate change risk and livelihood resilience. The policy moderating effect attenuated the impact of climate change risk on the resilience of farmers' livelihoods and was more pronounced for farmers in husbandry-oriented livelihood strategies. Subsidy intensity is a key factor influencing the moderating effect, more so among farmers with lower levels of resilience and livestock-reducing production decisions. Enhancing the diversity and precision of subsidies is a future direction of improvement for GECP. |
| Keywords: | Livelihood resilience, Climate change, Grassland ecosystem, Ecological compensation, Moderating effect |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nan:wpaper:2502 |
| By: | Solomon Hsiang; Marshall Burke |
| Abstract: | Some analyses suggest that drought in Syria during 2007-10 may have contributed to the 2011 onset of its civil war and that anthropogenic climate change had a detectable impact on the severity of that drought. Yet these qualitative statements alone do not allow us to estimate {how much} anthropogenic climate change amplified the risk of civil war in Syria. Climate policy is increasingly relying on global-scale cost-benefit analyses to inform major decisions, and any excess conflict risk imposed on future populations should be considered in this accounting because of its substantial human and economic impact. In order for this excess conflict risk to be accounted for, it must be quantified and its uncertainty characterized. Here we build on multiple recent findings in the literature to construct a best estimate for the excess conflict risk borne by Syria in 2010 that was attributable to anthropogenic climate change. We estimate that the baseline risk of conflict in Syria, which was likely already high, was amplified roughly 3.6% (90% confidence interval: 1.1-7.3%) due to the anthropogenic component of the drought. The effect of climate change was thus discernible but unlikely responsible for the bulk of Syrian conflict risk. Nevertheless, the magnitude of similar excess risk around the globe is expected to grow as climate change progresses, and its human cost could be large because most populations will face positive excess risk. Our approach to quantifying this risk is applicable to these other settings. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.02650 |
| By: | Debora Princepe; Cristobal Qui\~ninao; Cristina D\'iaz Faloh; Pablo A. Marquet; Matteo Marsili |
| Abstract: | Can sustained open-ended technological progress preserve natural resources in a finite planet? We address this question on the basis of a stylized model with genuine open-ended technological innovation, where an innovation event corresponds to a random draw of a technology in the space of the parameters that define how it impacts the environment and how it interacts with the population. Technological innovation is endogenous because an innovation may invade if it satisfies constraints which depend on the state of the environment and of the population. We find that open-ended innovation leads either to a sustainable future where global population saturates and the environment is preserved, or to exploding population and a vanishing environment. What drives the transition between these two phases is not the level of environmental impact of technologies, but rather the demographic effects of technologies and labor productivity. Low demographic impact and high labor productivity (as in several western countries today) result in a Schumpeterian dynamics where new "greener" technologies displace older ones, thereby reducing the overall environmental impact. In this scenario, global population saturates to a finite value, imposing strong selective pressure on technological innovation. When technologies contribute significantly to demographic growth and/or labor productivity is low, technological innovation runs unrestrained, population grows unbounded, while the environment collapses. As such, our model captures subtle feedback effects between technological progress, demography and sustainability that rationalize and align with empirical observations of a demographic transition and the environmental Kuznets curve, without deriving it from profit maximization based on individual incentives. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.01085 |
| By: | Olayinka Odunayo Akinlade (School of Management and Business Studies, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos.); Odewole Olabisi Bolarinwa (School of Management and Business Studies, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos.); Akinade Simeon Adebisi (School of Management and Business Studies, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos.); Nurudeen Abdulfatai Olarenwaju (School of Management and Business Studies, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos.) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how peace and environmental justice can be integrated into sustainability accounting to create a multi-dimensional reporting model. Using a quantitative survey of 120 professionals across corporate, governmental, and nonprofit sectors in sub-Saharan Africa, data were analyzed with SPSS to examine patterns in sustainability disclosure. Results show that only 47.5% of organizations include environmental justice indicators, and just 25.8% track impacts on marginalized groups. Strong correlations were found between justice-oriented reporting and stakeholder inclusion (r = 0.61), as well as with conflict sensitivity (r = 0.58). Additionally, sustainability reporting was positively correlated with community trust (r = 0.63) and negatively with conflict frequency (r = 0.56). These findings support the need for a new sustainability accounting model that includes peacebuilding and equity metrics. The study recommends expanding reporting frameworks, training accounting professionals, and mandating justice-focused disclosures to enhance corporate accountability and social stability. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Accountability, Conflict Sensitivity, Stakeholder Inclusion, Peacebuilding, Environmental Justice, Sustainability Accounting, Sustainability Accounting Environmental Justice Peacebuilding Stakeholder Inclusion Corporate Accountability Conflict Sensitivity |
| Date: | 2025–08–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05243738 |
| By: | Teng Liu; Brook Constantz; Galina Hale; Michael Beck |
| Abstract: | Measuring the financial value of nature is difficult, often resulting in insufficient funding directed to nature conservation and restoration. As coastal risks increase from development and climate change, a tangible benefit of nature is the protection it offers against storm damages. Many studies from the risk industry and others assess the direct effects of wetlands for reducing damage during storms. However, the value of wetlands for coastal protection could extend to many other benefits, including home prices in areas where storms are common. We use property-level housing transaction data from Zillow and show that proximity to mangroves in Florida moderates home price decline and dispersion following major hurricanes. The effects are substantial in magnitude, reducing the probability of losing a quarter or more of housing value by 2-7 percentage points, which corresponds to 20-40-thousand-dollar value for a million-dollar property, conditional on a hurricane. |
| JEL: | G12 Q54 R31 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34329 |
| By: | Monica Bonacina (University of Milan, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Bocconi University and University of Insubria); Romolo Consigna Tokong (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and University of Florence) |
| Abstract: | The European Union’s decarbonisation strategy necessitates profound shifts across all sectors, with road transport presenting a particularly formidable challenge due to its sustained emissions growth since 1990. Given that Italy’s road transport sector is the third-largest consumer of fossil fuels in Europe, its role is pivotal in achieving these collective climate objectives. This study employs grey forecasting models to assess the projected contribution of alternative fuels – specifically biodiesel, bio-gasoline, biomethane, and electricity – to Italy’s 2030 decarbonisation pathway. The results suggest that consumption of these energy carriers will reach around 5 Mtoe (million tons of oil equivalent), representing a threefold increase compared to 2022 levels. While our analysis forecasts that biomethane, will entirely displace its fossil counterpart and that electricity consumption will expand considerably, the progress in the use of liquid biofuels could be lower than that reported in Italy’s National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). According to grey models, in 2030, alternative fuels could meet one-sixth of the final energy demand for Italian road transport: a considerable improvement from current levels but less than the two-fifths share needed to align with the EU’s broader decarbonisation objectives. The findings suggest that the decarbonisation of road transport, largely attributed to the use of biofuels, is currently outpacing the progress achieved through the electrification of the vehicle fleet. This underscores the imperative of adopting a holistic strategy that leverages the full potential of all technologies. Such a unified design is essential to foster synergy and expedite the achievement of climate objectives in a manner that is both efficient and inclusive. |
| Keywords: | Road Transport, Final Energy Consumption, Alternative Fuels, Italy’s National Energy and Climate Plan, Grey Forecasting Models |
| JEL: | Q2 Q4 C22 C45 C53 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.19 |
| By: | Headey, Derek D.; Venkat, Aishwarya |
| Abstract: | Climate change is resulting in increased frequency of extreme weather events, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already characterized by highly vulnerable malnourished populations. Unsurprisingly, there are many empirical studies of the linkages between extreme weather events and undernutrition, especially stunting and wasting in early childhood, and several existing reviews of this literature. However, the quality of empirical studies in this highly multi-disciplinary literature is uneven, and existing reviews do exhaustively illustrate the potential pitfalls of climate-nutrition analyses. In this more critical review, we therefore have five objectives. First, to map out the existing literature, particularly in terms of the types of dependent and independent variables used, the geographies in which different studies focus their analysis, and the types of statistical methods used. Our second objective is to illustrate the empirical limitations and pitfalls of this literature through a more critical review. Our third objective is to be critically constructive, by developing a checklist of good practices for analytical studies in this literature, which we hope will be formalized and broadly adopted. Our fourth objective is to illustrate the usefulness of these good practices through a deep dive into what we consider an exemplary study in the literature from Blom et al. (2022). Our final objective is to identify possible steps for new types of survey methods and data collection, actions for the adoption of best-practice analytical methods and identify important research questions for future research. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; climate change; nutrition; undernutrition; extreme weather events; stunting; wasting disease (nutritional disorder) |
| Date: | 2024–02–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:138887 |
| By: | Catherine Haeck; Martino Pelli; Charles Séguin; Ana Catherina Ismachowiez Mamber |
| Abstract: | Emissions and atmospheric pollution concentrations in Quebec and Canada have generally declined since the early 2000s. However, fine particulate matter has decreased less than other pollutants, and the recent rise in wildfires raises concerns about a resurgence, with negative impacts particularly on young people. In this study, the authors assess the effects of ambient fine particulate matter concentrations on the cognitive and behavioral development of Canadian children aged 4 and 5. Although scores on certain tests are negatively associated with exposure to fine particulate matter, these associations remain modest and statistically difficult to detect. Les émissions et les concentrations de pollution atmosphérique au Québec et au Canada ont généralement diminué depuis le début des années 2000. Les particules fines ont toutefois enregistré un recul inférieur à ceux d’autres polluants, et l’augmentation récente des feux de forêt fait craindre un retour à la hausse, avec des impacts négatifs, notamment sur les jeunes. Dans cette étude, les auteurs examinent les répercussions des concentrations atmosphériques de particules fines sur le développement cognitif et comportemental des enfants de 4 et 5 ans au Canada. Bien que les scores à certains tests soient négativement associés à l’exposition aux particules fines, les associations demeurent modestes et difficiles à détecter statistiquement. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Cognitive development, Behavioral development, Pollution atmosphérique, Particules fines, Développement cognitif, Développement comportemental |
| Date: | 2025–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-22 |
| By: | Georgarakos, Dimitris; Kenny, Geoff; Meyer, Justus; van Rooij, Maarten |
| Abstract: | Global temperatures are rising at an alarming pace and public awareness of climate change is increasing, yet little is known about how these developments affect consumer expectations. We address this gap by conducting a series of experiments within a large-scale, population-representative survey of euro area consumers. We randomly assign consumers to hypothetical global temperature change scenarios, after which we elicit their expectations for inflation and key macroeconomic indicators under these conditions. We find that a 0.5°C rise in global temperatures leads to a 0.65 percentage point increase in five-year-ahead inflation expectations, with effects particularly pronounced among consumers with greater awareness of climate change. Additionally, respondents expect adverse impacts of global warming on economic growth, employment, public debt, tax burdens, and their well-being. Despite these pessimistic expectations, many consumers demonstrate limited willingness to pay for mitigating further temperature increases. Instead, they place primary responsibility for climate action on governments. Our findings underscore the interplay between climate change and economic expectations, highlighting the potential implications for monetary and fiscal policy in a warming world. JEL Classification: D12, E31, E52, H31, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate change, consumer expectations, Consumer Expectations Survey (CES), global warming, Randomized Control Trial (RCT) |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253132 |
| By: | Dominik Naeher; Virginia Ziulu |
| Abstract: | Previous research indicates that zero tillage technology offers a profitable alternative to crop residue burning, with significant potential to reduce agricultural emissions and contribute to improvements in air quality and public health. Yet, empirical evidence on the link between zero tillage adoption and residue burning remains scarce, adding to the difficulties policy makers face in this context. This study addresses this gap by integrating high-resolution satellite imagery with household survey data from India to examine the empirical relationship between zero tillage and residue burning. We compare different methods for constructing burn indicators from remote-sensing data and assess their predictive power against survey-based measures. Our findings reveal a robust negative association between zero tillage and crop residue burning, with reductions in the incidence of burning of 50% or more across both survey data and satellite-derived indicators. By providing insights into optimal geospatial data integration methods, our study also makes a methodological contribution that can inform future research and support evidence-based policy interventions for more sustainable agricultural practices. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.01351 |
| By: | Joel Ferguson; Marshall Burke; Edward Miguel; Solomon M. Hsiang |
| Abstract: | Is human-caused climate change likely to trigger enduring economic decline in modern societies? We study whether changes in violent conflict and economic growth caused by warming could interact to degrade economic opportunities and trap African countries in poverty. We provide evidence of an emerging high-conflict and low-growth "poverty trap" equilibrium in Africa and describe theoretically how such an equilibrium could result from warming. We then combine historical data on temperature, growth, and conflict with projections from a large ensemble of global climate models to evaluate the risk that warming and subsequent conflict could push African economies into a regime of sustained negative economic growth. We find that the risk of such "economic collapse" is material in a moderate-to-high emissions scenario. We estimate that in Africa, a current "high" emissions trajectory (RCP 7.0) may increase the incidence of conflict 5.1 percentage points (95% CI 0.2-13.0) and increase the share of countries with net negative GDP growth this century by 12.2 percentage points (95% CI 2.0-27.5). We calculate that roughly 82% of this additional conflict risk and 14% of projected GDP losses are due to the interacting effects between these two outcomes, underscoring the importance of accounting for their indirect effects and feedbacks. Our findings suggest an unprecedented scale of emissions mitigation, economic policy innovation or institutional investment that would be required to contain the risk of catastrophic human impacts from climate change in many African countries. |
| JEL: | E0 F0 I3 O1 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34320 |
| By: | Marco Due\~nas; Hector Galindo-Silva; Antoine Mandel |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of temperature shocks on European Parliament elections. We combine high-resolution climate data with results from parliamentary elections between 1989 and 2019, aggregated at the NUTS-2 regional level. Exploiting exogenous variation in unusually warm and hot days during the months preceding elections, we identify the effect of short-run temperature shocks on voting behaviour. We find that temperature shocks reduce ideological polarisation and increase vote concentration, as voters consolidate around larger, more moderate parties. This aggregated pattern is explained by a gain in support of liberal and, to a lesser extent, social democratic parties, while right-wing parties lose vote share. Consistent with a salience mechanism, complementary analysis of party manifestos shows greater emphasis on climate-related issues in warmer pre-electoral contexts. Overall, our findings indicate that climate shocks can shift party systems toward the centre and weaken political extremes. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.01551 |
| By: | Marshall Burke; Andrew J. Wilson; Tumenkhusel Avirmed; Jonas Wallstein; Mariana C. M. Martins; Patrick Behrer; Christopher W. Callahan; Marissa Childs; June Choi; Karina French; Carlos F. Gould; Sam Heft-Neal; Renzhi Jing; Minghao Qiu; Lisa Rennels; Emma Krasovich Southworth |
| Abstract: | A large literature documents how ambient temperature affects human mortality. Using decades of detailed data from 30 countries, we revisit and synthesize key findings from this literature. We confirm that ambient temperature is among the largest external threats to human health, and is responsible for a remarkable 5-12% of total deaths across countries in our sample, or hundreds of thousands of deaths per year in both the U.S. and EU. In all contexts we consider, cold kills more than heat, though the temperature of minimum risk rises with age, making younger individuals more vulnerable to heat and older individuals more vulnerable to cold. We find evidence for adaptation to the local climate, with hotter places experiencing somewhat lower risk at higher temperatures, but still more overall mortality from heat due to more frequent exposure. Within countries, higher income is not associated with uniformly lower vulnerability to ambient temperature, and the overall burden of mortality from ambient temperature is not falling over time. Finally, we systematically summarize the limited set of studies that rigorously evaluate interventions that can reduce the impact of heat and cold on health. We find that many proposed and implemented policy interventions lack empirical support and do not target temperature exposures that generate the highest health burden, and that some of the most beneficial interventions for reducing the health impacts of cold or heat have little explicit to do with climate. |
| JEL: | Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34313 |
| By: | Lavy, Victor; Rachkovski, Genia; Yoresh, Omry |
| Abstract: | Literature has shown that air pollution can have short- and long-term adverse effects on physiological and cognitive performance. In this study, we estimate the effect of increased pollution levels on the likelihood of accidents at construction sites, a significant factor related to productivity losses in the labor market. Using data from all construction sites and pollution monitoring stations in Israel, we find a strong and significant causal effect of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), one of the primary air pollutants, on construction site accidents. We find that a 10-ppb increase in NO2 levels increases the likelihood of an accident by as much as 25 %. Importantly, our findings suggest that these effects are non-linear. While moderate pollution levels, according to EPA standards, compared to clean air levels, increase the likelihood of accidents by 138 %, unhealthy levels increase it by 377 %. We present a mechanism where the effect of pollution is exacerbated under conditions of high cognitive strain or reduced awareness. Finally, we perform a cost-benefit analysis, supported by a nonparametric estimation calculating the implied number of accidents due to NO2 exposure, and examine a potential welfare-improving policy to subsidize the closure of construction sites on highly polluted days. |
| Keywords: | workplace accidents; labor productivity; air pollution; government policy |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129773 |
| By: | Adrian Odenweller; Falko Ueckerdt; Johannes Hampp; Ivan Ramirez; Felix Schreyer; Robin Hasse; Jarusch Muessel; Chen Chris Gong; Robert Pietzcker; Tom Brown; Gunnar Luderer |
| Abstract: | The rapid expansion of low-cost renewable electricity combined with end-use electrification in transport, industry, and buildings offers a promising path to deep decarbonisation. However, aligning variable supply with demand requires strategies for daily and seasonal balancing. Existing models either lack the wide scope required for long-term transition pathways or the spatio-temporal detail to capture power system variability and flexibility. Here, we combine the complementary strengths of REMIND, a long-term integrated assessment model, and PyPSA-Eur, an hourly energy system model, through a bi-directional, price-based and iterative soft coupling. REMIND provides pathway variables such as sectoral electricity demand, installed capacities, and costs to PyPSA-Eur, which returns optimised operational variables such as capacity factors, storage requirements, and relative prices. After sufficient convergence, this integrated approach jointly optimises long-term investment and short-term operation. We demonstrate the coupling for two Germany-focused scenarios, with and without demand-side flexibility, reaching climate neutrality by 2045. Our results confirm that a sector-coupled energy system with nearly 100\% renewable electricity is technically possible and economically viable. Power system flexibility influences long-term pathways through price differentiation: supply-side market values vary by generation technology, while demand-side prices vary by end-use sector. Flexible electrolysers and smart-charging electric vehicles benefit from below-average prices, whereas less flexible heat pumps face almost twice the average price due to winter peak loads. Without demand-side flexibility, electricity prices increase across all end-users, though battery deployment partially compensates. Our approach therefore fully integrates power system dynamics into multi-decadal energy transition pathways. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.04388 |
| By: | Alice Guittard (ICRE8); Lydia Papadaki; Panagiota Koltsida; Eleni Toli; Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Phoebe Koundouri |
| Keywords: | innovation, pathways, blue economy, sustainability transition, blue economy observatory, Black Sea |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2555 |
| By: | Alice Di Bella; Toni Seibold; Tom Brown; Massimo Tavoni |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes how Europe can decarbonize its industrial sector while remaining competitive. Using the open-source model PyPSA-Eur, it examines key energy- and emission-intensive industries, including steel, cement, methanol, ammonia, and high-value chemicals. Two development paths are explored: a continued decline in industrial activity and a reindustrialization driven by competitiveness policies. The analysis assesses cost gaps between European green products and lower-cost imports, and evaluates strategies such as intra-European relocation, selective imports of green intermediates, and targeted subsidies. Results show that deep industrial decarbonization is technically feasible, led by electrification, but competitiveness depends strongly on policy choices. Imports of green intermediates can lower costs while preserving jobs and production, whereas broad subsidies are economically unsustainable. Effective policy should focus support on sectors like ammonia and steel finishing while maintaining current production levels. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.08199 |
| By: | Michele Andrea Tagliavini (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Marika Moscatelli (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Stefano Micelli (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice) |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, Design Thinking and the human-centered approach have dominated design and innovation processes, placing human needs at the core of creative solutions. However, as environmental and socio-ecological crises deepen, this framework starts to be questioned by recent alternative methodologies prioritizing the wellbeing of the ecosystem as a whole, summarized by the term life-centered design. This paper explores the evolution of design philosophy, tracing the transition from humancentered to life-centered approaches that seek to incorporate the voices of non-human actors and the planet itself into the design process. Life-centered design shifts focus from solving problems exclusively for humans to creating sustainable, regenerative solutions that consider the well-being of entire ecosystems. Drawing from the Bauhaus of the Seas Sails project, this paper examines real-world applications of life-centered design. This initiative, which brings together disciplines such as art, science, and local knowledge to address coastal challenges, offers compelling insights into how life-centered approaches can foster a harmonious relationship between humans and nature. Through this analysis, the success and limitations of the project will be addressed to outline best practices and potential enhancements for future projects. |
| Keywords: | Urban Regeneration, Life-centered design, Ecosystem, Co-design, Design Thinking, Civic Engagement, Toolkit |
| JEL: | L31 M14 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:221 |
| By: | Molla, Nusrat; Jaiswal, Ruchika; Herman, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | Governance is increasingly understood to be a complex system shaped by diverse actors. However, understanding of how these actors interact with the institutions and infrastructure systems in which they are embedded to drive change is still limited. An interdisciplinary approach is needed to understand factors shaping actors' political behavior and how power dynamics influence their ability to create change. This study addresses this gap by combining analysis of actors' narratives about water issues and governance with dynamical systems modeling of the socio-hydrologic system in the context of California's San Joaquin Valley. Through interviews and focus groups with growers, advocacy groups, and rural residents, distinct narratives emerge around water issues and power dynamics. Modeling strategies that would maximize each actor's water access reveals that existing structures incentivize strategies that would mainly benefit larger growers, and thus conflict with the goals of environmental justice narratives. Comparing these modeled strategies with actors' actual strategies also reveals disparities in different actors' ability to pursue the "optimal" strategy. These findings highlight how system structures entrench certain interests as well as the potential of narratives for shaping strategies aimed at long-term transformation. |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ydvk3_v1 |
| By: | Rana, Abdul Wajid; Gill, Sitara; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; ElDidi, Hagar |
| Abstract: | Pakistan is highly dependent on irrigated agriculture for employment, income generation and food security—around 90 percent of all food production relies on either surface or groundwater irrigation. The growing dependence of agriculture but also industries and the drinking water sector on groundwater has led to the overexploitation of groundwater resources and, in some areas, to the deterioration of groundwater quality. Fiscal incentives for solarization of irrigation/drinking water pumps are likely to further increase water withdrawals and make water governance more complex. To understand the perspectives of groundwater users, a qualitative study was conducted in the alluvial groundwater systems of Punjab as well as the hard rock systems of Balochistan. Interviews with key informants at federal, provincial, and district level were also conducted to capture insights from additional decisionmakers affecting groundwater management and governance. The study identified a series of challenges around groundwater management and use, including overexploitation of groundwater resources, worsening groundwater quality raising serious health challenges, lack of communities’ participation in decision making, particularly women, non-availability of actionable data, weak enforcement of laws and regulations relating to groundwater governance, and partisan decision-making driven by political influentials and local bureaucracies. Solarization of irrigation pumps without proper regulatory and monitoring framework is expected to exacerbate groundwater extraction and accelerate water stress. The study strongly suggests an urgent need for not only integrated water management at all levels with equitable distribution of water resources but also to engage local communities and other stakeholders, including women in water conservancy awareness campaigns, groundwater quality monitoring, and decision-making. Moreover, the management and governance of water, particularly groundwater, must be insulated from political and partisan decision making. It is equally important to look at the quality of groundwater from a wider prism, considering health and water supply, sanitation and hygiene to address the increase in water borne diseases. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; food security; groundwater irrigation; women; employment; governance; Pakistan; Southern Asia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024–02–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:139604 |
| By: | McLoughlin, Jacob (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | In 2019, the Ultra Low Emissions Zone (ULEZ) was implemented in London: a daily charge on all non-compliant cars driven in a specified zone. This zone was expanded in 2021 and again in 2023. I construct a novel dataset on UK house sales, and use a staggered difference-in-differences design to find that the implementation of the ULEZ led house prices in these expansion zones to fall on average by roughly 3-4% over the following year. This corresponds to a windfall loss to the average London homeowner of roughly £25, 000, or half the median annual salary in the region. This result is robust to considerable weakening of the parallel trends assumption. It is also robust to different methods of dealing with spatial spillovers, and I quantify the spillover effects to find that the ULEZ leads prices of houses just outside the region to fall by roughly 2% over a similar time-frame. Beyond two years after implementation, the main negative effect begins to recover, which I justify as a product of asymmetric information transmission. |
| Keywords: | emissions charges ; house prices ; difference-in-differences ; environmental policy ; spatial spillovers JEL classifications: C23 ; Q53 ; Q58 ; R21 ; R31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:86 |
| By: | Zorbas, Christina; Resnick, Danielle; Jones, Eleanor; Suri, Shoba; Iruhiriye, Elyse; Headey, Derek D.; Martin, Will; Vos, Rob; Arndt, Channing; Menon, Purnima |
| Abstract: | Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2), Zero Hunger, by 2030 is in jeopardy due to slowing and unequal economic growth, climate shocks, the COVID-19 pandemic, conflict, lackluster efforts toward investing in food system sustainability and agricultural productivity growth, and persistent barriers to open food trade. Nevertheless, numerous commitments to achieving SDG 2 have been repeatedly expressed by Heads of State and Ministers at diverse global meetings since the SDGs became a focus in 2015. To identify the intensity and degree of convergence of commitments that national governments have collectively made to realizing SDG 2, this paper provides a qualitative assessment of statements from more than 68 global meetings and 107 intergovernmental commitment documents since 2015. Analyzing these commitments against seven critical factors necessary for impact at scale, we find that stated intentions to solve the global food security and hunger challenge have become more pronounced at global meetings over time, especially in the wake of the crises. However, the intent to act is not consistently matched by commitments to specific actions that could help accelerate reductions in hunger. For instance, while increased financing is often recognized as a priority to reach SDG 2, few commitments in global fora relate to detailed costing of required investments. Similarly, many commitment statements lack specificity regarding what and how policy interventions should be scaled up for greater action on SDG 2 or the ways to enhance different stakeholders’ capacities to implement them. While horizontal coherence was mentioned across most global fora, it was only present in about half of the commitment statements, with even less recognition of the necessity for vertical coherence from global to local levels. Despite global acknowledgement of the importance of accountability and monitoring, usually by way of progress reports, we find few consequences for governments that do not act on commitments made in global fora. We discuss the implications of these findings and offer recommendations for how to strengthen the commitment-making process to help accelerate actions that can reduce food insecurity and hunger and augment the legitimacy of global meetings. This work can inform the policy advocacy community focused on SDG 2 and those engaged in catalyzing and supporting intergovernmental action on other SDGs. Our findings reiterate the importance of attention to global governance and the political economy of global meetings—which is necessary to strengthen our focus on delivering outcomes that put the world on a path that brings the solution to the problems of global hunger and food insecurity within reach. |
| Keywords: | food security; diet; accountability; food policies; hunger; governance; nutrition |
| Date: | 2024–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:138946 |
| By: | Harim Kim (University of Connecticut) |
| Abstract: | Energy transition from coal to gas is reshaping the power sector to rely more on gas generation, which is cleaner but has more variable input costs. Using counterfactual analysis, I study the competitive effects of this transition, considering several transition paths that differ in the types of firms involved in retiring coal plants and investing in gas plants. I show that the variable nature of the marginal cost of gas generation creates an environment in which market power could increase after the transition. However, the transition’s impact on competition depends on the characteristics of the firms investing in new gas generation; the adverse impact is mitigated under a well-planned transition that leads to a more competitive industry structure. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2025-08 |
| By: | Martin, Will; Vos, Rob |
| Abstract: | Progress toward reducing global hunger has stalled since the mid-2010s. In fact, hunger is on the rise again, driven by slowing economic growth and protracted conflict, intensified by the impacts of climate change and economic shocks in many low- and middle-income countries. In addition, food systems worldwide have suffered disruptions in recent years, caused by the COVID-19-related global recession and associated supply chain disruptions, and exacerbated by the war in Ukraine. These factors have also jeopardized efforts at addressing the challenges to food system sustainability. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the related sustainable development goals (SDGs), defined in 2015, recognize these challenges and set ambitious targets to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition and to make agriculture and food systems sustainable by 2030. Many other fora have restated and reiterated these ambitions, including the 2021 United Nations Food System Summit (UNFSS). While governments around the world have subscribed to these ambitions, collectively they have not been very specific as to how to achieve the SDGs and related goals and targets, except for three means of implementation (MOI) involving (i) increases in research and development, (ii) reductions in trade distortions, and (iii) improved functioning and reduced volatility in food markets. This paper is part of a wider effort at assessing the international community’s follow-through on the above ambitions and the related (implicit or explicit) commitments made toward action for achieving them. While not presenting new research findings, we bring together available evidence and scenario analyses to assess the progress made toward the ambitions for transforming food systems, the actions taken in regard of the internationally concerted agenda, and the potential for accelerating progress. The number of hungry people in the world has risen from 564 million in 2015, when the SDGs were agreed, to 735 million in 2022. While declines to between 570 and 590 million by 2030 are projected, this is far above the 470 million projected in the absence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war. The share of the world’s people unable to afford healthy diets is projected to decline from 42 percent in 2021 to a still far too high 36 percent by 2030. On the means of implementation, levels of spending on agricultural research and development have increased, particularly in key developing countries such as Brazil, China and India. However, rates of investment remain too low for comfort, particularly in low-income countries. Also, little progress has been made in reducing agricultural trade distortions and many countries continue to use trade policy measures, such as export restrictions, which have proven to increase the volatility of both world and domestic food prices. We conclude that progress toward the SDG-2 targets has been dismal, and that the food system challenges have only become bigger. But we also find that it is not too late to accelerate progress and that the desired food system transformation can still be achieved over a reasonable timespan and at manageable incremental cost. Doing so will require unprecedented concerted and coherent action on multiple fronts, which may prove the biggest obstacle of all. |
| Keywords: | food security; food systems; hunger; nutrition; diet; sustainable development goals |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:138940 |
| By: | Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework; Marilign, Yalew M.; Warner, James; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) weather event of 2015/16 caused severe drought conditions in northern and central Ethiopia affecting the welfare of millions of farmers in late 2015 and early 2016. Using nationally representative panel data collected in 2012 and 2016 and recent advances in the difference-indifferences literature, this paper explores the effects of the 2015/16 drought and the potential role of irrigation in reducing the adverse effects of the drought. We find that the drought caused, on average, a 37 percent reduction in net annual crop income, an 8 percent decline in area cultivated, a 3 percent decline in household dietary diversity score, and a 10 percent decline in the share of harvest sold for rainfed farmers. On the other hand, irrigating farmers affected by the drought managed to increase their daily expenditures by 72 percent of their average daily food expenditure in the pre-drought period, and maintained their net crop income, size of cultivated land, household dietary diversity, and share of harvest sold to the market. Overall, while rainfed agricultural producers suffered sharp declines in welfare, those farmers with access to irrigation maintained their economic status. The results suggest that irrigation protected farmers from the adverse effects of the 2015/16 ENSO event and given increasing climate variability in Ethiopia, the government should intensify its investment and support to irrigation development in the country. |
| Keywords: | drought; irrigation; resilience; farmers; Ethiopia; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:139780 |
| By: | Kosec, Katrina; Kyle, Jordan; Narayanan, Sudha; Raghunathan, Kalyani; Ray, Soumyajit |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the dynamics of women's claim-making within the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme in India, focusing on their participation in selecting durable assets for climate resilience. Despite legal entitlements and protections for women within the program, gender disparities persist in claiming public resources. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach including surveys and qualitative interviews, the study uncovers various pathways to women’s claim-making, influenced by factors such as gender norms around mobility and women’s voice and agency, internal barriers and constraints including comfort in public speaking, and knowledge of the program and its various procedures for selecting assets. While challenges to women’s effective participation remain, findings from our analysis suggest potential for interventions to reduce gender gaps and enhance inclusivity in planning processes. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of recognizing diverse claim-making pathways to promote inclusion effectively within the program. |
| Keywords: | climate resilience; gender equality; infrastructure; women's empowerment; employment; women's participation; gender norms; governance; India; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:140692 |
| By: | Lancho Barrantes, Barbara Sandra |
| Abstract: | This paper examines publications related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from Latin American and European countries, specifically focusing on whether the issues and challenges faced by these regions differ significantly. Latin American countries may be addressing region-specific health concerns or environmental challenges different from the European countries. A bibliographic universal classification of SDGs may overlook such crucial issues and nuances vital to the development of these countries. This study emphasises the differing priorities between Latin America and certain countries in the Global North regarding the health and well-being of all individuals. It focuses on improving reproductive, maternal, and child health, ending epidemics of major contagious diseases, reducing non-communicable diseases, promoting mental health and well-being, and addressing behavioral and environmental health risk factors. While Latin American countries often focus on topics like infections or mental health, the Global North tends to priorities Covid 19 and cancer. These differences reflect distinct economic, social, and political contexts, with us Global North sometimes overlooking the foundational needs of Global South countries. The research employs a sample from the Open Alex database, focusing on the ten most productive countries in Latin America and the ten most productive countries in Europe in SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being in the period of 2023-2024. The study, which falls under the framework of SDG 3 publications and employs data analytics techniques, identifies priority topics for Latin America and Europe, as well as common interests across both regions. Utilising predictive models based on machine learning, the study forecasts the topics that these countries are likely to prioritize in the near future with an accuracy of 60%. This level of accuracy may be influenced by the sample size used; therefore, future analyses will incorporate additional data, such as examining abstracts to determine whether European countries continue to diverge in their focus or if they find common ground on certain topics. This approach will provide valuable insights into regional priorities and the potential evolution of research related to the Sustainable Development Goals. The contrast between Latin America and Europe is valuable and quite original, since many global analyses tend to homogenize realities. |
| Date: | 2025–10–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:cfk2g_v1 |
| By: | Meera Mahadevan; Adrian Martinez; Ryan McCord; Robyn Meeks; Manisha Pradhananga |
| Abstract: | A central challenge in the global transition to cleaner energy is how governments can design policies that deliver large social benefits while facing trade-offs in energy security, fiscal costs, and household adoption frictions. We study this question in urban Nepal, where cooking is dominated by imported LPG, but abundant hydropower makes both large-scale electrification and improved energy security feasible. We embed household adoption decisions in a model of a planner balancing fiscal, fuel supply, and energy-security considerations, and estimate its key parameters using a scalable randomized controlled trial in Kathmandu Valley. Subsidies had large effects, increasing electric stove adoption by 23 percentage points and compatible cookware purchases by 41 percentage points. In contrast, information treatments highlighting cost or health benefits alone had little impact. Using detailed survey and electricity billing data, we find substitution away from LPG toward electricity, with meaningful household heterogeneity. Disciplined by these experimental estimates, the model evaluates counterfactual targeting rules, and estimates optimal subsidy levels under different macroeconomic conditions. |
| Keywords: | electrification, energy transition, technology adoption, policy design, development, climate change, energy security |
| JEL: | C93 O1 O33 Q48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12190 |
| By: | Thibault Deletombe (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Hyun-Jin Julie Yu (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Patrice Geoffron (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the trade-off between resiliency and competitiveness to propose a coherent supply strategy for solar PV in France. Such a dilemma is steered by various uncertainty sources (environmental, technological, market, etc.) that we cannot forecast objectively over the long term and whose probability measures are unknown. Therefore, we build a framework based on Knightian uncertainty to evaluate the different investment schemes and configurations for the supply of solar PV. In particular, three supply sources are considered: import, storage, and domestic manufacturing. Each investment scheme is assessed through its net present value in the different states of the world that occurs. In particular, the benefits of maintaining some domestic manufacturing capacity to foster innovation and pave the way for future competitiveness are taken into account. |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cea-05293380 |
| By: | William Yancey Brown |
| Abstract: | Following a decade-long partnership, the Policy Center for the New South and the Atlantic Council have joined forces around a new program focused on the power of the Atlantic. This series of publications and webinars will focus both on opportunities and challenges around the basin. This brief, the inaugural of the series, by William Yancey Brown highlights the vast energy and mineral potential of the Atlantic Ocean and how African nations bordering the basin can manage resources responsibly and fairly. It launches against a backdrop that includes World Ocean Day, the 2025 UN Ocean Conference, and the continuing work of the Group of Twenty (under South Africa’s presidency) within the Oceans 20 engagement group. The Atlantic Ocean is of paramount importance to Africa. The African nations on the ocean’s shore represent 46 percent of the continent’s population, 55 percent of its gross domestic product, and 57 percent its trade. The blue economy is crucial for Africa as the continent’s economies see new changes brought upon by issues related to the maritime energy transition, the port revolution, maritime transport, fishing, and control over exclusive economic zones. African countries have accordingly developed frameworks, through the African Union, for action in the region and declared 2015-2025 the “Decade of Africa’s Seas and Oceans.” By bridging knowledge, finance, and governance gaps, this policy brief seeks to inform national and regional strategies that can strengthen resilience, protect livelihoods, and uphold climate justice in the face of accelerating climate threats. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pbac6_25 |
| By: | Arianna Agosto (University of Pavia); Antonio Balzanella (Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli); Paola Cerchiello (University of Pavia) |
| Abstract: | The evaluation of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) profile of companies is gaining more and more importance in the credit and financial system and is made more challenging by the availability of alternative- and often divergent- ESG ratings. In addition, the contribution of the three dimensions (E, S and G) to the final evaluation is not disclosed by the raters. This paper proposes an approach for aggregating the three dimensions constituting ESG ratings by means of optimal transport from the perspective of the Wasserstein distance. An empirical exercise, conducted on a dataset related to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), shows that the proposed aggregated indicator represents a statistically sound and explainable tool for the users of ESG ratings, especially when non-homogenous evaluations are provided. Our proposal is also compared to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a state of the art machine learning algorithm widely employed in the literature concerning the building of synthetic indicators. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability risk, ESG, SMEs, Summary indicators, Wasserstein distance |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pav:demwpp:demwp0228 |
| By: | Harju, Jarkko; Kosonen, Tuomas; Laukkanen, Marita; Palanne, Kimmo; Suonto, Satu |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the efects of a signifcant fuel tax increase on driving and therefore CO2 emissions. Fuel taxes are a major policy tool to reduce road transport emissions. Despite the prevalence of fuel taxes, credible causal evidence of the efect of fuel taxes on driving and emissions is limited, and the reasons why existing estimates vary remain unexplored. Our research directly addresses these gaps in the literature by exploiting exogenous variation provided by Finland’s 2012 energy tax reform. The reform increased the tax on diesel by almost 12 euro cents per litre, while the tax on gasoline was increased by less than 3 euro cents per litre. The reform allows us to utilize a quasi-experimental setting and compare the vehicle kilometers traveled by diesel-and gasoline-powered cars to identify the impacts of fuel taxes. We employ a large representative data set of about 0.7 million cars, which contains car odometer readings from mandatory car inspections starting from 2008. Our estimates indicate a clear reduction in vehicle kilometers traveled by diesel cars due to reform-induced increases in diesel prices. In our heterogeneity analysis we observe that a large part of the response originates from car owners that reside in urban rather than rural environments. |
| Keywords: | Fuel taxes, Fuel consumption, Fuel tax elasticity, Mileage, CO2 Emissions, Road transport emissions, J31, J38, D22, fi=Verotus|sv=Beskattning|en=Taxation|, |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fer:wpaper:177 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | After 1994, everything was a priority, and our people were completely broken. But we made three fundamental choices that guide us to this day. One—we chose to stay together. Two—we chose to be accountable to ourselves. Three—we chose to think big. — His Excellency President Paul Kagame, 20th Commemoration of the Genocide against the Tutsi (April 7, 2014) Rwanda’s socio-economic progress since 1994 has been remarkable. Rwanda is rightly considered a showcase of the enduring power of visionary leadership. Despite remarkable achievements in sustaining high growth, improved well-being, and political stability, Rwanda remains a low-income country characterized by widespread poverty and vulnerability. Subsistence agriculture still prevails, and food security—though progress has been made—remains a distant goal for millions. Today, Rwanda faces the challenge of climate change, which threatens to undermine its hard-won gains unless leadership builds on these achievements to transform agriculture and agri-food to be climate resilient, with sustainable, broad-based productivity and profitability. Such a transformation will not only require, but also drive, the transformation of the entire economy. A tall order, no doubt, but nothing less will suffice to fulfill the leadership’s aspirations for Rwanda to become a middle-income country by 2035 and a high-income country by 2050. If visionary leadership and good governance prevail, Rwanda’s future will indeed be bright. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbagri:pb_41-25 |
| By: | Marika Moscatelli (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Michele Andrea Tagliavini (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Stefano Micelli (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice) |
| Abstract: | Stakeholder engagement plays a critical role in the success of urban regeneration projects, particularly when addressing the complexities of social, cultural, and environmental challenges. This paper explores stakeholder engagement processes within the Bauhaus of the Seas Sails (BoS) project, a European New European Bauhaus (NEB) initiative focused on regenerating coastal urban areas through creativity, sustainability, and inclusivity. By analyzing stakeholder interactions across seven European cities, the paper examines the tools, methodologies, and challenges encountered in fostering meaningful collaborations among diverse actors. The study highlights successes, such as fostering interdisciplinary partnerships, while identifying barriers like power imbalances and participation fatigue. Key insights include the need for adaptable tools that account for local contexts and the importance of trust-building strategies to achieve long-term urban resilience. This paper contributes to the broader discourse on stakeholder engagement by offering replicable tools and reflections for future urban regeneration projects. |
| Keywords: | Stakeholder engagement, Urban regeneration, Co-creation, Participatory processes, Civic engagement |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:222 |
| By: | Alfred Michael Dockery (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin University); Alan S Duncan (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin University); Astghik Mavisakalyan (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin University); Valentina Sanchez Arenas (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University); Chris Twomey (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin University); Loan Vu (Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre, Curtin Business School) |
| Abstract: | Youth in Focus: Navigating wellbeing in a changing world, the eleventh report in the BCEC Focus on the States series, provides a comprehensive analysis of the priorities and perspectives of young Australians, offering key insights to shape future policy development. The report draws on insights from young Australians aged 14 to 25, highlighting their biggest challenges and what they want to see change. While cost of living, education and mental health were identified as key concerns, the report also finds young people are leading the way in tackling social issues, such as calling out discrimination, racism and gender bias. The report shows cost of living pressures have skyrocketed to become the most pressing issue for young Australians, with one third citing it as a personal concern and more than half (56 per cent) listing it as one of the biggest challenges facing the country. The report also shines a light on growing frustration with Australia’s higher education system, particularly with policies such as the current HECS-HELP structure and the Job-ready Graduates Package which findings suggest are unfairly burdening young Australians. Despite a slight decline in climate change ranking as a top priority, the report finds young Australians remain committed to environmental action. Three-quarters still want environmental protection prioritised over economic growth and 86 per cent of 18 to 24-year-olds see climate change as a key voting issue. However, the report also highlights young Australians’ growing disengagement from politics, with just one in eight expressing trust in the political process. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, mental health, social exclusion, social media, employment, discrimination, voting behaviour, political participation, cost of living. |
| JEL: | J13 I21 D72 I31 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ozl:bcecrs:fs11 |
| By: | Francisco B. Galarza Arellano; Jonatan Amaya |
| Abstract: | We study how the interaction between the protective effect of local institutions and the amplifying effect of road infrastructure jointly shape deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon. Using data from 289 districts, we construct a local institutional index via principal components analysis and estimate a Spatial Durbin Model to capture both direct and indirect (spillover) effects on cumulative deforestation between 2001 and 2023. Our results show that stronger local institutions are associated with a 5.51 p.p. reduction in cumulative deforestation, 1 p.p. stemming from a district’s own institutions (direct effect) and 4.51 p.p. from those of neighboring districts (indirect effect). However, this protective role is entirely offset by proximity to paved roads, suggesting that road infrastructure significantly undermines institutional effectiveness. Our findings indicate that effective responses to deforestation cannot rely on isolated local actions. Because institutional spillovers extend across district borders, strengthening local governance requires coordination among municipalities. At the same time, road development—while important for connectivity and growth—can undermine institutional capacity to protect forests if not carefully managed. An integrated policy framework that combines institutional strengthening with strategic infrastructure planning is therefore essential to ensure that road investments reinforce, rather than weaken, collective efforts to curb forest loss. |
| Keywords: | Deforestation, Institutions, Roads, Amazon, Spatial analysis |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apc:wpaper:211 |
| By: | Juan Carlos Angulo (Department of Economics, Universidad Iberoamericana); Aldo Gutierrez-Mendieta (School of Social Sciences and Government, Tecnologico de Monterrey) |
| Abstract: | How does exposure to multiple, sometimes conflicting, news stories influence individuals’ consumption choices? We address this question through a survey experiment in which participants are randomly assigned to receive one or two news headlines related to avocado consumption.These vignettes present either a positive framing (health benefits) or negative consequences, such as environmental damage or links to organized crime. After each exposure, we measure participants’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a standard product using a contingent valuation method. Our findings show that the content and emotional framing of information matter more than the number of exposures. The strongest effect comes from conflict-related news, which significantly reduces WTP. When participants receive two headlines, the second exposure tends to drive the response, especially in cases with conflicting information. Overall, these results suggest that consumers react not only to the presence of information but also to how it is framed. Even when the product remains unchanged, the tone and content of the message influence economic decisions in subtle but measurable ways. |
| JEL: | D91 Q18 D83 |
| Date: | 2025–09–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smx:wpaper:2025005 |
| By: | Hannah Hughes (International Politics Department, Aberystwyth University); Jonathan Beynon (Center for Global Development); Anthony McDonnell (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has become a reference point for the design of international scientific advisory bodies. This paper examines what lessons from its experience may inform the creation of a new global panel on antimicrobial resistance. Drawing on interviews, roundtable discussions, and extensive research on the climate body, we identify two areas most relevant to the early design phase of such a panel: how to ensure that knowledge is taken up and acted upon, and how to enable meaningful participation by low- and middle-income countries. For actionable products, we find that designing assessments with the active involvement of both knowledge producers and decision-makers is critical to ensure the relevance and authority of final products. For equitable participation, the climate panel identifies both the challenges and opportunities. Barriers range from resource constraints and unequal access to literature, to difficulties in sustaining engagement over time. Addressing these requires sustained capacity-building strategies such as trust funds, regional representation, skill-building, and support for underrepresented voices. Through the climate experience, we can identify these two concerns as interlinked, with active expert and government participation a critical component of national and regional capacity building, knowledge transfer and uptake. The analysis highlights that a new antimicrobial resistance panel must be a learning organization— open to reflection, responsive to criticism, and capable of adapting its practices. Success will depend on balancing scientific authority with inclusiveness, and ensuring outputs that are legitimate, trusted, and actionable across diverse contexts. |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:730 |
| By: | Marisa Agostini (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Daria Arkhipova (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Marco Fasan (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Silvia Panfilo (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the key drivers of ESG risk disclosure, focusing on stakeholders, shareholders, and management. While legitimacy theory suggests firms under scrutiny should disclose more ESG information to secure stakeholder support, findings show these firms often provide lower-quality disclosures, potentially reducing accountability. This indicates that companies may perceive ESG risk reporting as a threat rather than an opportunity. Shareholders, analyzed through agency theory, are expected to push for better ESG disclosures if aligned with financial interests or personal values. However, no significant relationship was found between board characteristics and ESG disclosures, suggesting limited shareholder influence. Management incentives play a notable role, as firms with sustainability-linked executive compensation disclose higher-volume ESG risk information, supporting evidence that such incentives enhance ESG performance. |
| Keywords: | Risks, Environmental Social Governance (ESG), Content analysis, Disclosure quality, Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD), legitimacy theory, agency theory |
| JEL: | M41 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:223 |
| By: | Anas Abuzayed |
| Keywords: | Market value of renewables, subsidy-free electricity markets, renewable energy policy, energy-only markets, electricity market design |
| JEL: | Q41 D47 Q42 H23 Q47 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2521 |
| By: | Christian de Boissieu |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte devenu plus incertain et plus compliqué à la suite des décisions de la nouvelle administration américaine, les impératifs de la lutte contre le changement climatique et de la transition énergétique et écologique demeurent. Les banques centrales peuvent et doivent apporter leur contribution à cette transition, en « verdissant », dans une proportion à définir, la politique monétaire qu’elles mènent. Concrètement, cela veut dire compléter la palette des objectifs de la politique monétaire sans remettre en cause la place accordée aux objectifs prioritaires que sont la stabilité monétaire et la stabilité financière. Les modes d’intervention des banques centrales, qu’il s’agisse du refinancement des banques, d’achats fermes de titres ou des collatéraux acceptés lors d’opérations de prêts, doivent également être modifiés en conséquence. Ce Policy Paper dresse l’état des lieux des débats et des pratiques concernant le verdissement des politiques monétaires. Les comparaisons internationales sont éclairantes, et l’Afrique ne doit pas être oubliée dans ces comparaisons. L’analyse, qui montre l’apport mais aussi les limites de ce verdissement, débouche sur plusieurs recommandations concrètes. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp23_25 |
| By: | Seidel, Christian; Ostermann, Lars; Clausen, Jens |
| Abstract: | In den letzten zwei Jahren ist das Interesse an der Nutzung von Wärme aus dem Flusswasser sprunghaft gewachsen. Aber wie viel Wärme kann dem Fluss vor der eigenen Haustür entnommen werden? Welche ökologischen Folgen sind von Bedeutung? Welche Standorte sind besonders gut geeignet? Unser Leitfaden versucht, diese Fragen knapp und einfach zu beantworten und will so einen Beitrag dazu leisten, Flusswasser-Wärme in die kommunale Wärmeplanung zu integrieren. |
| Abstract: | In the last two years, interest in utilising heat from river water has grown in leaps and bounds. But how much heat can be extracted from the river on your own doorstep? What are the ecological consequences? Which locations are particularly suitable? Our guide attempts to answer these questions succinctly and simply and thus aims to contribute to the integration of river water heat into municipal heat planning. |
| Keywords: | Flusswasser, Wärmepumpe, Wärmewende |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:327968 |
| By: | Pietrobelli, Carlo (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Valverde Carbonell, Jorge (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn) |
| Abstract: | The energy transition success depends largely on the availability of critical minerals, and this may produce a window of opportunity for producing countries. In this regard, this paper examines the different avenues to maximizing value added from critical minerals production. In particular, we assess whether the classic structural change recipe could be a good road map for countries rich in critical minerals. For this purpose, we use copper and lithium as case-studies. For each mineral, we discuss and assess the cost competitiveness and the potential benefits for countries to diversify downward, including potential spillovers proxied by products’ complexity. Our research shows that maximizing value-added in the long term is a tailored mineral-country-specific challenge that can be pursued through three main channels: deepening, moving downward and/or moving upward along the mining value chain. These depend on the comparative advantages of the country and the particular features of the mineral market. In the case of copper, deepening and moving upward seems to be preferable given the bounded value-added of nearer downward chain stages, such as smelting and refining. However, under a low-carbon paradigm downward stages could become competitive. In the case of lithium, moving downward appears a preferable strategy due to the significantly larger value-added and spillovers derived from producing grade battery lithium (carbonate or hydroxide) rather than producing lithium intermediate compound, such as sulfate or chloride, or lithium ore (spodumene). |
| JEL: | O13 O14 Q32 |
| Date: | 2025–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2025019 |
| By: | Rym Aloui (Université Lumière Lyon 2, CNRS, Université Jean Monnet Saint Etienne, EMLyon Business School, GATE, 69007, Lyon, France); Hafedh Bouakez (HEC Montréal, 3000 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada) |
| Abstract: | We derive the (second-best) optimal long-run carbon tax in a polluted economy with preexisting tax distortions, where labor and capital income taxes adjust endogenously to changes in the ratio of public debt to GDP via pre-established fiscal rules, and sovereign debt carries default risk. Relative to the no-climate-policy scenario, the welfare-maximizing carbon tax lowers the debt-to-GDP ratio as well as labor and capital income taxes, while raising consumption and GDP. The strength of these effects depends on the aggressiveness of the tax rules and on the initial level of public debt. When initial debt is low, the optimal carbon tax and the resulting increase in consumption, GDP, and welfare rise with the aggressiveness of the tax rules. When initial debt is high, however, this monotonic relationship breaks down, and the highest welfare gain from the optimal carbon levy is attained when the tax rules are moderately aggressive. This result hinges crucially on the convexity of the default probability with respect to the ratio of public debt to GDP. |
| Keywords: | Distortionary Taxes, Optimal Carbon Tax, Public Debt, Revenue Recycling, Second Best, Sovereign Default |
| JEL: | E62 H21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:2519 |
| By: | Arega Getaneh Abate; Salim Hassi; Dogan Keles; Xiufeng Liu; Xiao-Bing Zhang |
| Abstract: | The transition to electricity systems powered entirely by renewable energy sources makes energy storage indispensable for balancing intermittency and ensuring reliability. Since RES operate at near-zero marginal cost, storage operators can strongly influence electricity prices and energy security when renewable supply alone cannot meet demand. We develop a Cournot competition model in which storage operators strategically bid quantities to maximize their profits. We propose a MILP model with the big-M method and reformulation using continuous variables, incorporating demand blocks. The strategic bidding game is solved using the diagonalization algorithm, and the social planner's problem is used for benchmarking, cast as a one-shot optimization. The proposed model is applied to Denmark's power system using current data and 2030 renewable projections, capturing both current and future market conditions. Results show that storage operators affect market performance by arbitrage between low-and high-price periods, which can smooth supply-demand imbalances, thereby improving welfare relative to the no-storage case. With limited competition, however, strategic withholding increases prices and reduces welfare, while expanding storage capacity beyond a certain point yields no further gains. As the number of firms increases, competition mitigates distortions, and outcomes converge toward the social planner's benchmark with only two to three strategic players. These findings highlight storage's dual role in both stabilizing markets and creating market power. underscoring the need for market designs that align operators' incentives with social welfare. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2509.26568 |
| By: | Bernard Korai; Rémy Lambert; Wajdi Hellali; Stéphanie Sany Kong |
| Abstract: | The issue of awareness, recognition and promotion of the agri-environmental efforts of agricultural producers has been a pressing concern in recent years, at least in public discourse. Faced with societal expectations and demands for exemplary behaviour that they perceive as increasingly high, producers feel that they alone must bear the responsibility for the negative externalities of their agricultural production. To address this perception, the Plan d'agriculture durable (PAD) has focused on creating a compensation programme to reward agricultural producers for the agri-environmental efforts they make. In this study, the authors examine the factors that influence Quebecers' perceptions of the sustainability of their agriculture and how they view the responsibility of the various stakeholders in the agricultural sector in managing sustainability issues designated as high priority. Certain avenues for reflection are suggested in order to better reconcile the practices of agricultural stakeholders with citizens' societal expectations. La question de la connaissance, de la reconnaissance et de la valorisation des efforts agroenvironnementaux des producteurs agricoles constitue un enjeu prégnant ces dernières années, du moins dans le discours public. Devant des attentes sociétales et une exigence d’exemplarité qu’ils jugent comme étant de plus en plus élevées, les producteurs sentent qu’ils doivent porter seuls la responsabilité des externalités négatives de leur production agricole. Pour pallier cette perception, le Plan d’agriculture durable (PAD) a tablé sur la création d’un programme de rétribution visant à indemniser les producteurs agricoles pour les efforts agroenvironnementaux qu’ils déploient. Dans cette étude, les auteurs examinent les facteurs qui entrent en ligne de compte dans la perception que se font les Québécois et Québécoises de la durabilité de leur agriculture et la façon dont ils se représentent la responsabilité des différents acteurs du secteur agricole dans la gestion des enjeux de durabilité jugés prioritaires. Certaines pistes de réflexion sont suggérées afin de mieux concilier les pratiques des acteurs agricoles avec les attentes sociétales des citoyens. |
| Keywords: | Agri-environmental practices, agricultural sustainability, citizens’perceptions and representations, agricultural sector stakeholders, agri-communication, Pratiques agroenvironnementales, durabilité de l’agriculture, perceptions et représentations, acteurs du secteur agricole, communication agricole |
| Date: | 2025–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-21 |
| By: | Marion Neukam (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Emmanuel Muller (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thierry Burger-Helmchen (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In increasingly turbulent environments, organizations must go beyond generic robustness and develop Requisite Resilience, the capacity to align internal variety with environmental variety to sustain core functions during crises. This study situates Requisite Resilience within organizational theory and strategic management, assessing how major theories of the firm contribute to its development. The analysis groups these perspectives into foundational/diagnostic theories, which clarify environmental, structural and institutional constraints and correspond to passive resilience frameworks, and enabling/capability-building theories, which emphasize managerial agency, resource orchestration and adaptive learning, corresponding to active resilience frameworks. Findings indicate that while foundational perspectives offer essential diagnostics, they are insufficient on their own to foster Requisite Resilience. A composite configuration provides the strongest fit: co-evolutionary views offer an integrative backbone, dynamic capabilities and organizational learning enhance sensing, seizing and acting, and resource dependence theory informs the design of permeable boundaries. |
| Keywords: | dynamic capabilities, interorganizational collaboration, complex adaptive systems, organizational adaptation, requisite resilience |
| Date: | 2025–10–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05296104 |
| By: | Daniel Oeltz; Tobias Pfingsten |
| Abstract: | Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are a cornerstone of the energy transition, as their ability to shift electricity across time enables both grid stability and the integration of renewable generation. This paper investigates the profitability of different market bidding strategies for BESS in the Central European wholesale power market, focusing on the day-ahead auction and intraday trading at EPEX Spot. We employ the rolling intrinsic approach as a realistic trading strategy for continuous intraday markets, explicitly incorporating bid--ask spreads to account for liquidity constraints. Our analysis shows that multi-market bidding strategies consistently outperform single-market participation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that maximum cycle limits significantly affect profitability, indicating that more flexible strategies which relax daily cycling constraints while respecting annual limits can unlock additional value. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2510.01956 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Vanuatu has faced a perfect storm of shocks. The national carrier, Air Vanuatu, went into liquidation in May 2024, the capital city experienced a major earthquake in December 2024, Economic Citizenship Program revenues remain at risk, and the export sector is grappling with an uncertain global environment. Following Parliament dissolution in November 2024, the government elected in January 2025 committed to strengthening political stability, rebuilding critical infrastructure, enhancing revenue collection, and improving public sector efficiency. Near-term challenges are paramount, as is setting the country on a path of sustainable and resilient policies over the medium-term. Modest growth is expected in 2025 while post-earthquake reconstruction may foster an improved outlook for 2026; risks are skewed downward. Structural vulnerabilities related to governance, corruption, and natural disasters persist. |
| Date: | 2025–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/277 |
| By: | Papatheophilou, Simela; Tröster, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | Despite SDG target 8.7 aiming to eliminate child labour by 2025, 137.6 million children remain affected worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for action. Effective approaches go beyond prohibition, addressing root causes through social protection, education, decent work, and childcare systems, supported by social dialogue with affected communities, including the voices of affected children. This paper offers targeted recommendations to Austrian and EU institutions, encouraging them to drive change through multilateral and bilateral cooperation, enforce corporate responsibility across supply chains, and support local initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Child Labour, Sustainable Development Goals, Policy interventions |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:oefser:327984 |
| By: | Quentin Toffolini (Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marianne Cerf (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jeanne Cadiou (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, AgroParisTech Innovation, Plateforme IDEAS); Thibault Lefeuvre (AgroParisTech Innovation, Plateforme IDEAS); Lorène Prost (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Rémy Ballot (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Date: | 2025–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05269775 |
| By: | Elise Ygaunin (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Maude Quinio (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); François Coléno (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Aude Barbottin (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Les crises récentes ont mis en avant la nécessité de repenser les systèmes agricoles et alimentaires dans l'optique d'avoir des systèmes plus autonomes et durables. Les agriculteurs sont invités à mettre en œuvre des stratégies de production agroécologiques pour réduire l'utilisation d'intrants de synthèse et combiner performances économiques, environnementales et sociales. Peu de travaux s'intéressent aux performances des exploitations agroécologiques et aux stratégies des exploitations qui permettent d'atteindre les niveaux de performance attendus a) par les agriculteurs et b) par la société. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer, à partir d'études de cas, une analyse des formes d'agroécologisation des exploitations de grandes cultures et de leurs performances en lien avec les facteurs internes et externes de l'exploitation. Cette analyse permettra d'éclairer la notion de performance agroécologique au regard des objectifs des agriculteurs ; des leviers agroécologiques qu'ils mobilisent et d'identifier les facteurs qui soutiennent cette performance pour les systèmes étudiés. |
| Keywords: | Performance, Grandes cultures, Agroécologie |
| Date: | 2025–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05288481 |
| By: | William Yancey Brown |
| Abstract: | Following a decade-long partnership, the Policy Center for the New South and the Atlantic Council have joined forces around a new program focused on the power of the Atlantic. This series of publications and webinars will focus both on opportunities and challenges around the basin. This brief, the inaugural of the series, by William Yancey Brown highlights the vast energy and mineral potential of the Atlantic Ocean and how African nations bordering the basin can manage resources responsibly and fairly. It launches against a backdrop that includes World Ocean Day, the 2025 UN Ocean Conference, and the continuing work of the Group of Twenty (under South Africa’s presidency) within the Oceans 20 engagement group. The Atlantic Ocean is of paramount importance to Africa. The African nations on the ocean’s shore represent 46 percent of the continent’s population, 55 percent of its gross domestic product, and 57 percent its trade. The blue economy is crucial for Africa as the continent’s economies see new changes brought upon by issues related to the maritime energy transition, the port revolution, maritime transport, fishing, and control over exclusive economic zones. African countries have accordingly developed frameworks, through the African Union, for action in the region and declared 2015-2025 the “Decade of Africa’s Seas and Oceans.” |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pbat1_25 |
| By: | Ferid Belhaj |
| Abstract: | In 2000, The Economist dismissed Africa as the “Hopeless Continent”—a label reflecting a broader system of marginalization rooted in colonial legacy and post-Cold War neglect. This essay offers a realist reappraisal, arguing that Africa’s growing strategic relevance is not the result of benevolence, but of structural necessity. Amid a fracturing global order and the rise of transactional geopolitics under Trump 2.0’s Bessent Doctrine, Africa has become indispensable: rich in critical minerals, home to strategic digital infrastructure, and central to climate and demographic futures. Yet presence is not power. Africa’s visibility must be converted into bargaining leverage. This requires institutional depth, coordinated diplomacy, and a rejection of donor-driven dependency. From climate finance to digital governance, African states must act not as petitioners but as negotiators. Sovereignty must become operational—anchored in legal capacity, regional platforms, and control over resources, data, and standards. The African Century will not be granted. It must be forged through strategy, discipline, and the will to shape global outcomes rather than be shaped by them. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb34_25 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | La parution de la dernière édition (la 74ème) de la Statistical Review of World Energy (SRWE, 2025) est une bonne occasion de faire le point sur certaines grandes tendances du monde de l’énergie. Dans cette note, nous nous centrerons sur le continent africain. Tous les chiffres ci-dessous sont extraits de ce document et portent sur l’année 2024, sauf indication contraire. Les chiffres de la SRWE portent sur les énergies qui font l’objet d’échanges commerciaux, ce qui inclut les énergies fossiles, l’hydroélectricité, le nucléaire et les énergies renouvelables modernes autres que l’hydroélectricité et qui sont utilisées pour produire de l’électricité, notamment l’éolien et le solaire. Ces données sous-estiment donc la consommation énergétique de l’Afrique puisque certaines énergies renouvelables (bois, biomasse) ne passent pas toujours par des circuits commerciaux. Pendant plusieurs décennies, la SRWE était la BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Le groupe britannique s’est retiré de ce projet il y a trois ans tout en continuant à le soutenir. La SRWE est, pour la troisième année consécutive, publiée par l’Energy Institute (Londres) en collaboration avec Kearney et KPMG. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb40_25 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | La parution de la dernière édition (la 74ème) de la Statistical Review of World Energy (SRWE, 2025) est une bonne occasion de faire le point sur certaines grandes tendances du monde de l’énergie. Dans cette note, nous nous centrerons sur le continent africain. Tous les chiffres ci-dessous sont extraits de ce document et portent sur l’année 2024, sauf indication contraire. Les chiffres de la SRWE portent sur les énergies qui font l’objet d’échanges commerciaux, ce qui inclut les énergies fossiles, l’hydroélectricité, le nucléaire et les énergies renouvelables modernes autres que l’hydroélectricité et qui sont utilisées pour produire de l’électricité, notamment l’éolien et le solaire. Ces données sous-estiment donc la consommation énergétique de l’Afrique puisque certaines énergies renouvelables (bois, biomasse) ne passent pas toujours par des circuits commerciaux. Pendant plusieurs décennies, la SRWE était la BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Le groupe britannique s’est retiré de ce projet il y a trois ans tout en continuant à le soutenir. La SRWE est, pour la troisième année consécutive, publiée par l’Energy Institute (Londres) en collaboration avec Kearney et KPMG. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb40_25 |
| By: | Harald Mayr; Mateus Souza |
| Abstract: | We leverage quasi-experimental variation to study how group size influences free-riding behavior within a high-expense environment. When buildings lack apartment-specific heat meters, tenants use simple heuristics to split a common bill. We estimate that the staggered rollout of a corrective technology, "submetering, " reduces heating expenses by 17%, on average. Machine learning techniques uncover substantial heterogeneity, consistent with strategic exit of free-riders and coordination failures in large buildings. Tenants in smaller buildings show minimal response and are surprisingly price elastic. Only a minority of households exploits the free-riding incentives. Targeted submetering policies can be much more cost-effective than universal mandates. |
| Keywords: | free-riding, submetering, individual billing, heating energy, tragedy of the commons, welfare |
| JEL: | D62 Q41 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12185 |
| By: | Agarwal, Aishwarya; Englander, Gabriel |
| Abstract: | Most African coastal nations prohibit industrial vessels from fishing near their shores; these Inshore Exclusion Zones (IEZs) reserve the most productive locations for small-scale, artisanal fishers. However, previous descriptive research suggests that non-compliance by industrial vessels prevents IEZs from benefiting African economies, food security, and fish stocks. Radar data released in 2024 detect industrial vessels without selection, enabling the first causal evaluation of African IEZs. First, regression discontinuity estimates reveal that 6 of 20 African countries successfully deter industrial fishing vessels (Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Mauritania, Ghana, and Guinea). Second, bunching estimators obtain counterfactual vessel distributions that are uncontaminated by spillovers outside IEZ boundaries. Third, extensive‑margin effects are captured by calibrating a discrete choice vessel location model to the bunching estimates. Back‑of‑the‑envelope bioeconomic calculations indicate that IEZs increase annual artisanal fisher catch by 324 thousand tons—enough to meet key micronutrient requirements for 6.3 million people—without reducing industrial catch. |
| Date: | 2025–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11222 |
| By: | Cecilia Mereghetti (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice); Massimiliano Nuccio (Venice School of Management, Università Ca' Foscari Venice) |
| Abstract: | Organizations are usually distinguished on the basis of their purpose, with a historically marked dichotomy between for-profit and nonprofit. Over the years, there has been a shift to a more fluid interpretation, a spectrum, at the ends of which the classical conformations remain and within which various hybrid forms of organizations lie. Although over time these forms of hybridity have been studied from different perspectives – organizational, institutional, legal – a comprehensive and integrated view of these different dimensions is lacking. The paper aims at systematizing the concepts of “hybrid” available in the literature and bringing order to the landscape of organizations that, in various capacities and with varying degrees of priority, pursue goals related to sustainability and the improvement of environmental and social conditions in their context of interest. After the introduction of the different types of enterprises and the hybrid spectrum, the paper approaches the conceptual issues – whose implications, however, are interpretive and practical – related to the idea of hybridity, addressing the main literature and identifying the main types of hybrid organizations (HO) currently existing. After this first step, it tackles issues regarding the legal forms that HOs can take, in different parts of the world or within the same regulatory framework. Finally, the concept of certifications is explored as an additional regulatory and identifying step. |
| Keywords: | Hybrid organizations, benefit corporations |
| JEL: | L31 M14 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vnm:wpdman:220 |
| By: | Fanny Claise; Marielle Brunette |
| Abstract: | Les aléas naturels représentent une menace croissante pour les forêts à l’échelle mondiale. Face à ces risques, l’assurance constitue un levier important de protection pour les propriétaires forestiers. Pourtant, les taux de souscription à l’assurance forestière varient fortement selon les pays, la France se distinguant par un niveau particulièrement faible. Cet article vise à éclairer ce phénomène en identifiant les déterminants de la demande d’assurance forestière contre les aléas naturels. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire a été élaboré puis diffusé auprès de propriétaires forestiers privés en France. L’analyse repose sur un échantillon de 309 réponses complètes, traité à l’aide d’un modèle Logit. Les résultats révèlent que la demande d’assurance est influencée par les caractéristiques individuelles des propriétaires (genre et niveau de revenu), par celles de leur propriété forestière (présence d’une certification, existence de documents de gestion, superficie, localisation), ainsi que par des variables liées à la connaissance et à la compréhension de l’assurance. Cette étude permet ainsi de mieux cerner les leviers susceptibles de favoriser le développement du marché de l’assurance forestière en France, avec des implications potentielles pour d’autres contextes nationaux. |
| Keywords: | Assurance forestière ; Aléa naturel ; Contrat ; Logit |
| JEL: | B21 G22 Q23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-39 |