|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Stefano Giglio; Theresa Kuchler; Johannes Stroebel; Olivier Wang |
| Abstract: | We study the economic effects of the interaction of nature loss and climate change in a model that incorporates important aspects of both processes. We capture the distinct ways in which they affect economic activity—with nature constituting a key factor of production and climate change destroying parts of output—but also the ways in which they interact: climate change causes nature loss, and nature provides both a carbon sink and adaptation tools to reduce climate damages. Our analysis of these feedback loops reveals a novel amplification channel—the Twin-Crises Multiplier—that systematically affects optimal climate and nature conservation policies. |
| Keywords: | climate change, biodiversity loss |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11619 |
| By: | KERAMIDAS Kimon; FOSSE Florian (European Commission - JRC); AYCART LAZO Francisco Javier (European Commission - JRC); DOWLING Paul (European Commission - JRC); GARAFFA Rafael (European Commission - JRC); ORDONEZ Jose (European Commission - JRC); PETROVIC Stefan; RUSS Peter (European Commission - JRC); SCHADE Burkhard (European Commission - JRC); SCHMITZ Andreas (European Commission - JRC); SORIA RAMIREZ Antonio (European Commission - JRC); VAN DER VORST Camille (European Commission - JRC); WEITZEL Matthias (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This edition of the Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO 2024), in its 10th year of publication, presents an updated view of the implications of energy and climate policies worldwide, finding that the world is still not on track to achieve its climate targets, as both implementation gaps (between current policies and pledges) and ambition gaps (between current pledges and a 1.5°C trajectory) remain. Whilst emissions peak in the coming years in all scenarios, the world is currently on track for 2.6°C of warming by the end of the century. Updated NDCs are due in 2025, to support the UNFCCC NDC update cycle GECO 2024 presents a set of 1.5°C-aligned indicators for 2035 along 4 main decarbonisation strategies: i) producing clean electricity, ii) Electrifying end-uses and improving energy efficiency, iii) decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, iv) scaling-up negative emissions. The current decade is key for keeping the 1.5°C target possible, and aligning NDC targets with a Paris Agreement compatible trajectory represents an indispensable step in this direction. Accelerating the power sector transition towards renewable energy sources is crucial to decarbonise the whole energy sector via simultaneous electrification of end uses. Decarbonising remaining sectors that are more costly to electricity requires ramping up the production of low-carbon fuels such as biomass, hydrogen and e-fuels, alongside deploying more mature technologies such as carbon capture and storage, among other. Despite ambitious efforts to mitigate emissions, it is increasingly clear that the world’s 1.5°C pathway is likely to result in global temperature overshoot, and therefore negative emissions from both land-use sinks and the energy sector are required. The indicators presented in GECO 2024’s Country Sheets follow these main decarbonisation strategies, with the aim to guide negotiators during the forthcoming NDC update cycle. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139986 |
| By: | Prince P. Asaloko (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Cédrick M. Kalemasi (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Thomas G. Niyonzima (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The role of renewable energy is increasingly seen as a means of promoting women's economic participation and improving their health by rebalancing climate degradation. Design/methodology/approach – To shed light on this relationship, we assess the capacity of renewable energy to reduce the negative impact of climate vulnerability on women's economic empowerment and health, using the GMM estimator for 36 African countries over the period 1990-2021. Findings – The empirical results show that: (i) climate vulnerability reduces economic empowerment and (ii) climate vulnerability increases child mortality. These results are mitigated by the use of renewable energy. (iii) The use of renewable energy mitigates the negative impact of climate vulnerability on women's economic empowerment. (iv) Renewable energy use also reduces the pressure of climate vulnerability on child mortality. In addition, we take into account regional heterogeneities and find distinct effects. Our results remain stable after further robustness testing. Originality/value – Renewable energy thresholds are provided at which climate vulnerability no longer reduces women’s socio-economic wellbeing. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy, climate vulnerability, women's economic empowerment, women's health, infant mortality and Africa |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:24/016 |
| By: | Marshall, Quinn; Hewavidana, Budni H. |
| Abstract: | Food systems generate about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Without reducing them, it will not be possible to stabilize the climate and keep the increase in global temperature below 1.5oC from pre industrial levels. About 50 percent of agricultural emissions (in CO2eq) comes from methane, a super potent GHG, mostly from livestock production and rice cultivation. We consider six broad approaches to emission reduction from agriculture—emission taxes, repurposing of farm subsidies, regulations, investing in green innovations, carbon credits, and demand-side interventions. We find that not only carbon taxes on agricultural production, but also rearranging agricultural subsidies will have only small impacts in terms of improving human and planetary health. Regulatory approaches, including conditionality and payment for environmental services (PES) can be counterproductive if they lower yields and require expansion of agricultural land use. Instead, we find that investing more in R&D for sustainable intensification of agriculture focused on productivity enhancing innovations have strong potential to generate major efficiency gains, drastic reductions in emissions and improved food security. Demand interventions designed to contribute both to environmental goals and improvements in health outcomes can play a supporting role. Since multiple sustainable development goals are to be achieved, no single instrument by itself will be effective. Instead, multiple policy instruments will need to be bundled and designed to create synergies and address trade-offs. |
| Keywords: | food systems; greenhouse gas emissions; agriculture; taxes; subsidies; regulations; sustainable development goals |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168658 |
| By: | FOSTER Gillian (European Commission - JRC); KASTANAKI Eleni; BEAUSON Justine; NEUWAHL Frederik (European Commission - JRC); MARSCHINSKI Robert (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Circular Economy Strategies for the EU's Renewable Electricity is a Joint Research Centre (JRC) exploratory study that provides a new perspective and new evidence on waste streams emerging from the transition to renewable electricity in the EU. The analysis supports the policy-making process and the JRC’s research on clean energy technologies implementing the European Green Deal, 2030 Climate and Energy Framework, Renewable Energy Directive, and the Waste Framework Directive. The report summarises the available information on the topic (technologies, waste streams, relevant literature and data, and technical, economic and information challenges). The clean energy technologies contain substances covered by the Critical Raw Materials Act; although the report does not focus on the permanent magnets and rare earth minerals associated with renewable energy, mostly wind turbines. Instead, the report highlights potential priority waste streams such as steel, cement and silicon. It provides a strategic assessment highlighting the rapid increase of wastes driven by the energy transition’s demand for technologies and infrastructure to replace fossil fuel infrastructures. Policy-relevant strategies to address gaps in regulation and research are highlighted. The report demonstrates that future waste volumes from solar and wind electricity generation in the EU are complex and will be generated in far greater quantities and at different rates than previously estimated. In addition, the report quantifies the waste footprint of decommissioning fossil fuel electricity plants. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138570 |
| By: | Koetter, Michael; Noth, Felix |
| Abstract: | Lowering carbon intensity in manufacturing is necessary to transform current production technologies. We test if local agents' preferences, revealed by vote shares for the Green party during local elections in Germany, relate to the carbon intensity of investments in production technologies. Our sample comprises all investment choices made by manufacturing establishments from 2005-2017. Our results suggest that ecological preferences correlate with significantly fewer carbon-intensive investment projects while investments stimulating growth and reducing carbon emissions increase by 14 percentage points. Both results are more distinct in federal states where the Green Party enjoys political power and local ecological preferences are high. |
| Keywords: | ecological preferences, elections, establishments' energy usage, investments |
| JEL: | D72 G31 G38 O13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:310322 |
| By: | Wolski, Marcin |
| Abstract: | We examine the relationship between capital structure and carbon intensity in manufacturing firms using a novel dataset that combines information from the EU Emission Trading System with firm-level financial accounts. Our findings indicate that higher financial leverage is associated with lower emission intensity at the firm level, primarily due to long-term debt, suggesting that improving access to such finance is generally conducive to corporate emissions reductions. However, this effect varies along the carbon intensity distribution. For firms with very high carbon intensity, increased leverage is linked to significant reductions in emissions, suggesting that better access to finance can facilitate the adoption of green technologies. Conversely, for firms that are already relatively carbon efficient, the effect disappears. |
| Keywords: | low-carbon transition, climate change, debt finance, financial leverage, EU ETS |
| JEL: | C58 G32 Q51 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:eibwps:310333 |
| By: | Gulcan Doganay (Department of Economics, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between economic development, democracy, and carbon emissions in the BRICS + 6 countries, considering the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis. By using the data from 1991 to 2020, it aims to fill the research gap on whether economic development and democratic governance consistently lead to better environmental quality, focusing on carbon emissions as a primary measure. This research is distinctive because it considers the cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity of the countries involved, employing robust regression models to examine the effects of various factors, including GDP, democracy index, and population, on carbon emissions. The study revisits the EKC hypothesis, which suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, proposing that environmental quality deteriorates up to a certain income level before improving. However, it also explores critiques of the EKC, recognizing that the trajectory of environmental degradation is influenced by more than just income levels—factors such as technological advancement, economic structure, governmental environmental policies, and the level of democracy also play crucial roles. Expected to provide valuable insights for policy formulation, this research highlights the complex interactions between economic devel-opment, democratic governance, and environmental sustainability. It underscores the necessity of integrating democratic processes with economic and environmental planning to foster sustainable development, offering a nu-anced perspective on the dynamics between democracy, income, and environmental quality in the BRICS + 6 countries. |
| Keywords: | EKC Hypothesis, Economic Development, Democracy, Environmental Degradation |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0438 |
| By: | Viral V. Acharya; Stefano Giglio; Stefano Pastore; Johannes Stroebel; Zhenhao Tan; Tiffany Yong |
| Abstract: | We build a general equilibrium model to study how climate transition risks affect energy prices and the valuations of different firms in the energy sector. We consider two types of fossil fuel firms: incumbents that have developed oil reserves they can extract today or tomorrow, and new entrants that must invest in exploration and drilling today to have reserves to potentially extract tomorrow. There are also renewable energy firms that produce emission-free energy but cannot currently serve non-electrifiable sectors of the economy. We analyze three sources of climate transition risk: (i) changes in the probability of a technological breakthrough that allows renewable energy firms to serve all economic sectors; (ii) changes in expected future taxes on carbon emissions; and (iii) restrictions on today’s development of additional fossil fuel production capacity. We show that the different transition risk—and, importantly, uncertainty about their realizations—have distinct effects on firms’ decisions, on their valuations, and on equilibrium energy prices. We provide empirical support for the heterogeneous effects of different transition risks on energy prices and stock returns of firms in different energy sub-sectors. |
| Keywords: | climate change, renewable energy, green transition, policy uncertainty, fossil fuel firms, brown firms, carbon tax, drilling restrictions, oil prices |
| JEL: | E31 Q35 Q38 Q43 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11646 |
| By: | Javier Ib\'a\~nez; Jaime Mart\'inez-Valderrama; Joaqu\'in Francisco Lavado Contador; Manuel Pulido Fern\'andez |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an integrated modelling assessment that estimated the sensitivities of five endogenous factors in commercial rangelands, i.e. number of active farmers, profits, stocking rate, standing herbage biomass, and soil erosion, to the same percentage variation in 70 factors, including economic and climate drivers. The assessment utilised a system dynamics model (107 equations) which represents an area of extensive private farms, its farmers, the main local markets on which they trade, and key ecosystem services involved. The assessment procedure consisted in analysing the behaviours of 288, 000 variants of this system during 300 years, each under a different economic and climate scenario. Our key findings were as follows: 1) It is likely that at least annual grasslands will suffer environmental degradation in the future, and that such degradation will be primarily caused by climate change, not by the increasing demand for livestock products; 2) Private farming systems provide social and economic security to farmers against the effects of climate change, especially in a scenario of rising prices of animal products. However, this research will remain incomplete until its methods and results can be contrasted with other similar assessments. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17215 |
| By: | Valverde Carbonell, Jorge (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Micco, Alejandro |
| Abstract: | Minerals are critical for the current energy transition since new clean technologies intensively use a large variety of them. But at the same time, mineral production contributes to a large extent to CO2 world emissions. This dilemma constitutes one of the main challenges for the current techno-economic paradigm shift and, opens green windows of opportunity (GWO) for developing countries. One option to tackle this dilemma is pricing CO2 emissions to induce a restructuring of the mineral global value chains (GVCs) towards minimizing CO2 emissions. The new trade–environmental regulations, such as the cross-border adjustment mechanism of the European Union, point in this direction. In this context, countries with cleaner energy matrixes and the ability to vertically integrate the production of minerals (avoiding emissions) present a competitive advantage. This paper empirically assesses whether pricing CO2 emissions along the GVCs could open a GWO in the copper and lithium processing industries for latecomers. The methodology consists of accounting for the CO2 emissions along the GVCs of the Leader (China) and First-Follower (Chile) countries, pricing the CO2 emissions and incorporating them into each production cost vector. The catching-up process is evaluated by the production cost convergence once CO2 emissions are considered. The results show that a carbon price of US$96.3/tCO2e reduces the cash cost gap of copper processing between Chile and China from 232% to 25%. In turn, this price enlarges the cost competitiveness advantage of Chile at producing lithium carbonate and allows the convergence of Chile in the lithium hydroxide production. Once the CO2 emission value are incorporated into the cash cost vector, producing lithium carbonate and hydroxide in China vis á vis Chile is 69.5% and 5.4% more expensive respectively. Therefore, the study shows that GWOs in the mineral processing industries can be opened for developing countries conditional to favorable technology and endowments. The catching up result is very sensible to the carbon price level and the scope of priced CO2 emissions. |
| JEL: | O31 Q55 F61 F64 F68 L72 Q37 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024005 |
| By: | Ren\'e A\"id; Maria Arduca; Sara Biagini; Luca Taschini |
| Abstract: | We provide a theoretical framework to examine how carbon pricing policies influence inflation and to estimate the policy-driven impact on goods prices from achieving net-zero emissions. Firms control emissions by adjusting production, abating, or purchasing permits, and these strategies determine emissions reductions that affect the consumer price index. We first examine an emissions-regulated economy, solving the market equilibrium under any dynamic allocation of allowances set by the regulator. Next, we analyze a regulator balancing emission reduction and inflation targets, identifying the optimal allocation when accounting for both environmental and inflationary concerns. By adjusting penalties for deviations from these targets, we demonstrate how regulatory priorities shape equilibrium outcomes. Under reasonable model parameterisation, even when considerable emphasis is placed on maintaining inflation at acceptable levels or grant lower priority to emissions reduction targets, the costs associated with emission deviations still exceed any savings from marginally lower inflation. Emission reduction goals should remain the primary focus for policymakers. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.16953 |
| By: | Fransen, Sonja (Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, RS: GSBE MGSoG, RS: UNU-MERIT Theme 6); Hunns, Alexander; Jaber, Tarek (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance); Janz, Teresa (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance) |
| Abstract: | Forcibly displaced people are at the forefront of climate emergencies worldwide. This article presents a scoping review of the growing literature on climate risks for displaced populations, with the aim to synthesize current knowledge, highlight gaps, and develop a research agenda that can inform evidence-based policy interventions. The synthesis, based on 29 peer-reviewed journal articles, shows that displaced populations are disproportionately at risk to be negatively impacted by climate hazards, which is largely due to their high sensitivity, limited adaptive capacities and, in some cases, heightened exposure. The geographical scope of reviewed articles is narrowly focused on Southern Asia with a paucity of studies on climate-vulnerable refugee hosting states in Africa, Central Asia and the Middle East. Moreover, the literature heavily relies on case studies, which impedes the generalizability and comparability of findings. We argue for an inclusive and comprehensive climate risk research agenda that systematically maps the exposure of displaced populations to climate hazards, provides theory-driven research on how the social vulnerabilities of displaced populations are shaped by their sensitivities to extreme weather events and their adaptive capacities, and that applies comparative cross-country research that also includes host community populations. An inclusive climate risk research agenda that takes into account displaced populations is essential for our commitment to the leave-no-one behind global policy agenda. |
| JEL: | O15 O18 Q54 Q56 I32 |
| Date: | 2023–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023045 |
| By: | Schüpf, Dennis; Kuppusami, Nithya; Schipper, E. Lisa F. |
| Abstract: | Climate change adaptation is a key pillar in climate policy. The Paris Agreement's Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) provides a unifying framework to accelerate action towards strengthening resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change. However, the implementation of adaptation projects is constrained by complex political processes, and while the GGA targets all levels from local to global, adaptation efforts that are not linked to the vulnerability context are a major cause of maladaptation. This complexity is particularly relevant to the management of coastal sand resources and their role in climate change adaptation. With the global increase in coastal development and urbanisation, sand resources that protect the coast are critical for the well-being of communities but also for concrete production for the construction sector. This often leads to trade-offs between development and adaptation, resulting in maladaptive outcomes such as coastal erosion and loss of livelihood of fisheries communities. Within this context, this policy brief exemplifies how the use and distribution of coastal sand resources determine whether adaptation outcomes are successful or maladaptive, taking a case study from India. Policy recommendations for strengthening coastal adaptation governance in India and beyond: - Integrate sand governance in existing coastal management: Sand should be institutionally recognised as a protected resource essential for fishing communities with a legal framework for sand rights and coastal zone mapping. - Avoid maladaptation through transboundary governance: Adaptation to shifting shoreline boundaries necessitates governance of sand as a vital political entity across state boundaries, creating opportunities to restore sand movement by reducing or removing obstructive infrastructure. - Address trade-offs between development and adaptation: Development interventions like harbours can exacerbate coastal hazards, necessitating policymakers to balance economic growth, transformative adaptation strategies and the interests of the construction sector, coastal communities and tourism. - Untangle what needs to be adapted to: Con-sidering sand is crucial for identifying adaptation needs, which requires a holistic approach to address both climate and non-climate related risks. - Co-production for locally adapted solutions: Adaptation planning must involve at-risk com-munities with deep knowledge of coastal pro-cesses, implementing beach nourishment not just for tourism, but also to secure fishing livelihoods. |
| Keywords: | coastal adaptation, maladaptation, fishing communities, sand resources, India, social vulnerability, coastal hazards, power relations |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:309599 |
| By: | Vey, Meike (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Namockel, Nils (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Ruhnau, Oliver (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Electric mobility and renewable energy play key roles in the global energy transition. In this context, vehicle-to-grid technology, which enables bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles and the grid, could make electric vehicles usable as energy storage units, thus supporting grid stability and integration of renewable energy. However, the willingness of electric vehicle owners to participate in vehicle-to-grid contracts remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding how they respond to specific contract attributes. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a discrete choice experiment to evaluate the preferences of current and potential future German electric vehicle drivers for various vehicle-to-grid contract alternatives. We find that cycle-based remuneration, flexible contract duration, and environmental nudging significantly enhance consumer acceptance. Conversely, a lower guaranteed battery level and longer minimum plug-in durations negatively impact participation. We also test how respondent characteristics influence participation and identify income-dependent preferences, such as lower-income individuals attributing a stronger preference to fixed daily payments than higher-income individuals. Our differentiated őndings may be used to improve contract designs and marketing efforts to address the unique V2G preferences of various user segments. |
| Keywords: | Vehicle-to-grid; Discrete choice experiment; Willingness to accept; Preferences; Bidirectional charging |
| JEL: | C25 D12 Q42 Q48 Q51 Q58 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2025_001 |
| By: | Prabir De; Komal Biswal; Venkatachalam Anbumozhi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy contributes to the acceleration of the energy transition, supports global environmental mitigation, and helps meet sustainable development goals. Energy connectivity of India’s Northeastern Region (NER) with neighbouring countries particularly ASEAN assumes critical importance for accelerating economic integration. NER can play a three-dimensional role as power producer, exporter, and transit provider provided a quadrangular approach to build energy linkages and promote integration is consciously put in place. To understand whether the NER states are capable enough to take forward the solar supply chain development and bolster the ASEAN-India engagements in solar energy sector, this study has designed a state-level index of solar supply chain development by factoring in seven parameters, namely, (i) economic situations, (ii) environmental factors, (iii) spread of connectivity, (iv) financial enabling conditions, (v) mobility, (vi) human development, and (vi) social cohesion, which directly or indirectly influence the solar supply chain development in India. The results show that a clean and decent environment is must for development of solar supply chain. In addition, the study suggests that there is a need to improve the solar supply chain capability in the NER to enhance the economic growth. Leveraging policy support and reinvigorating existing institutions and creating new ones are imperatives for predicting the solar supply chain in the NER. This indexing may help track the trends, allowing for more informed decision-making in securing regional solar supply chain. |
| Keywords: | NER; India; ASEAN; Solar supply chain; Energy; Renewable energy |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-30 |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard; Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline |
| Abstract: | How do environmental information and awareness interact to improve environmental quality by changing consumer behavior and firm strategies? This article provides theoretical insights using an original differentiation model within a general framework whose specific cases have been studied previously. On the demand side, only informed consumers differentiate brown from green product quality, while uninformed consumers consider these perfect substitutes. Moreover, all informed consumers value the green product and devalue the brown product as a result of an aversion effect but are heterogeneous in their environmental awareness. On the supply side, two firms offer different environmental qualities and compete on price. We consider two types of environmental campaigns: one that increases the number of informed consumers and one that increases the environmental awareness of informed consumers. We show that these campaigns crucially determine three market configurations: segmented; fragmented, with a brown product that appeals to both uninformed consumers and a fraction of informed consumers; and covered. Assuming that the greenest consumer behavior is abstention, we find that both campaigns do not always lead to better environmental quality; that is, a situation in which all consumers are informed and some highly environmentally aware is not necessarily the greenest situation. Depending on the aversion effect, the budget of the campaign organizer, and their relative cost-effectiveness, information and awareness-raising campaigns must be carefully combined to achieve the best possible environmental quality. |
| Keywords: | information campaign, NGO campaign, environmental awareness, environmental quality, vertical product differentiation |
| JEL: | D11 D62 D83 L15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11628 |
| By: | Mathilde Salin (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France); Charles Claron (ECOLE NATIONALE DES PONTS ET CHAUSSEES PARIS - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Elodie Nguyen-Rabot (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nicolas Mondolfo (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Harold Levrel (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Urbanisation leads to soil compaction, pollution and sealing, degrading soils' ecological functions and ecosystem services essential for urban resilience, such as flood mitigation and climate regulation. Ecological restoration of urban soils is thus critical for sustainable and climate-adapted cities. However, the economic dimensions of urban soil restoration, particularly its costs, remain unexplored. This study estimates that median urban soil restoration costs range from 50 to 320€/m2 for compacted, sealed, or built-up soils, escalating to over 800€/m2 for polluted soils. Urban soil restoration involves a sequence of up to ten steps, combining several techniques, with significant cost variation. Preliminary analysis is the least expensive, while building deconstruction and pollution remediation are the most costly. These new cost estimates will facilitate the prioritization of restoration areas and the development of economic incentives for ecological restoration in cities. These finding also highlight the need for healthy soil preservation, alongside restoration efforts. |
| Abstract: | L'urbanisation entraîne de multiples formes de dégradations des sols -comme la compaction, la pollution et l'imperméabilisation -, ce qui compromet leur capacité à fournir des services écosystémiques essentiels aux milieux urbains, tels que la protection contre les inondations et les vagues de chaleur. La restauration écologique des sols urbains est donc essentielle pour des villes durables et adaptées au changement climatique. Cependant, les dimensions économiques de la restauration des sols urbains, en particulier ses coûts, restent largement inexplorées. A partir d'entretiens avec une cinquantaine d'acteurs du secteurs, cette étude estime que les coûts médians de restauration des sols urbains varient de 50 à 320 €/m2 pour les sols compactés, imperméabilisés ou construits, et atteignent plus de 800 €/m2 pour les sols pollués. La restauration des sols urbains comprend une séquence impliquant jusqu'à dix étapes, combinant plusieurs techniques, avec une variation significative des coûts. Les études préalables sont l'étape la moins coûteuse, tandis que la démolition du bâti et l'assainissement du sol sont les plus onéreuses. Ces nouvelles estimations de coûts aideront notamment à estimer les investissements nécessaires à l'atteinte des objectifs de restauration, à sélectionner des zones de restauration et à développer des incitations économiques pour la restauration écologique dans les villes. Ces résultats soulignent également la nécessité de préserver les sols fonctionnels, parallèlement aux efforts de restauration. |
| Date: | 2025–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04904897 |
| By: | Balazs Istvan Horvath (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Pal Peter Kolozsi (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Marton Varga (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Eszter Baranyai (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Kristof Lehmann (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Adam Banai (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Gabor Neszvada (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)) |
| Abstract: | Central banks can play a key role in the change in finance needed for the green transition, but green central bank measures may also have an impact on the general public’s trust in the institution. Trust, in turn, is crucial for central banks to successfully conduct monetary policy. The objective of our study is to examine how this trust may change in response to green central bank measures in Hungary, using an independently conducted survey of 1, 000 adults. Our results indicate that there is potential for some increase and a limited risk of a decrease in trust as a result of green measures. Although most respondents indicated that their trust in the central bank would not change if it took pro-environmental measures, over one third of respondents thought their trust would increase (37 per cent), while the share of those indicating a decline in trust was low (6 per cent). The majority supports the active involvement of the Central Bank of Hungary in the fight against climate change, but only as long as this does not pose risks to the inflation target and the stability of the banking system. We also find that Hungarians tend to worry about climate change and, accordingly, they consider the central bank’s role in environmental sustainability important, but have little knowledge about the tasks of central banks. |
| Keywords: | green transition, public confidence, central bank, monetary policy |
| JEL: | E58 E61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:opaper:2025/153 |
| By: | Steven Poelhekke (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | The economy is traditionally human-centered and has given too little consideration to plants, animals, climate, and nature in general. What should the economy do to become `green'? Changing people's social norms would be ideal but is hard to achieve. Second best is to regulate and constrain the economy through taxes, subsidies, standards, and redistribution. However, setting these to the `right' level is challenging and must address how much humans care about nature, the desire to retain the benefits of economic growth, and the political feasibility of implementing national and international policies that accelerate the transition to a green economy. |
| Keywords: | green economy, climate change, social norms, climate policy, redistribution |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240064 |
| By: | Danish; Adnan Khan |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of nuclear energy technology budgeting and artificial intelligence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 20 OECD economies. Unlike previous research that relied on conventional panel techniques, we utilize the Method of Moment Quantile Regression panel data estimation techniques. This approach provides quantile-specific insights while addressing issues of endogeneity and heteroscedasticity, resulting in a more nuanced and robust understanding of complex relationships. A novel aspect of this research work is introducing the moderating effect of artificial intelligence on the relationship between nuclear energy and CO2 emissions. The results found that the direct impact of artificial intelligence on CO2 emissions is significant, while the effect of nuclear energy technology budgeting is not. Additionally, artificial intelligence moderates the relationship between nuclear energy technology budgeting and CO2 emissions, aiding nuclear energy in reducing carbon emissions across OECD countries. Our findings indicate that transitioning to a low-carbon future is achievable by replacing fossil fuel energy sources with increased integration of artificial intelligence to promote nuclear energy technologies. This study demonstrates that energy innovations can serve as effective climate-resilience strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17410 |
| By: | Marco Carli (DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | Agents may be unsure about the productive potential of green technology and of the non-polluting sector due to imprecise information or misguiding news. I study the impact of this deep uncertainty in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with polluting and green sectors and agents who, due to their ambiguity aversion, take decisions under pessimistic expectations about the future productivity of the latter sector. In the short term, losses of confidence can shift the balance of the economy in favor of investment in the polluting sector and lead to an increase in emissions. Coupling environmental tax and green subsidy can partially counteract this imbalance when the long-run forecast of agents ends up realizing, while also avoiding delays in the green transition. A dynamic version of the policy mix is also able to mitigate the short-term effects of drops in confidence. |
| Keywords: | Business Cycle, Ambiguity, E-DSGE |
| JEL: | Q55 E32 |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:591 |
| By: | Yiting Qiu; Adnan Khan; Danish |
| Abstract: | Nuclear energy is increasingly recognized as a critical component of circular economy frameworks due to its capacity to provide a stable, low-carbon energy source. Reducing dependency on fossil fuels promotes sustainable practices and aligns with circular economy goals such as resource efficiency, pollution reduction, and waste minimization. The existing literature has primarily focused on the contribution of nuclear energy to decarbonization, whereas the potential of nuclear energy in facilitating a circular economy has been largely neglected. In light of this context, this paper explores the impact of nuclear energy on the circular economy, thereby offering strong econometric evidence. The study used the advanced econometric tool Dynamic Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (DYNARDL) method for empirical estimation to obtain long- and short-run estimates. The regression estimates, derived from a sample of China spanning 1990 to 2017, support the hypothesis that nuclear energy negatively impacts the circular economy in both the long- and short-run. Advanced econometric tests confirm the stability of the models, homoscedasticity, and the absence of serial correlation, ensuring the reliability of our findings. The study emphasizes the importance of policy strategies, including expanding nuclear energy adoption, advancing environmental technologies, and the effective use of nuclear energy by integrating comprehensive datasets and methodologies; this paper provides a foundation for scalable and equitable solutions as China moves toward a greener and more sustainable future. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17072 |
| By: | Barbara Annicchiarico (Department of Law, Roma Tre University); Cédric Crofils (LEDa, Paris-Dauphine and PSL Research Universities) |
| Abstract: | Using data from a selection of Latin American countries affected by El Ni˜no-Southern Oscillation climate phenomena, we observe that extreme weather events can be highly disruptive for an economy, particularly in the agricultural sector, while also giving rise to inflationary pressures. Motivated by these findings, this paper examines the optimal stabilization policies for a climate-vulnerable economy with two segmented sectors: agriculture (producing food) and manufacturing. In response to climate disasters affecting agriculture, it is found to be optimal to increase fiscal transfers to farmers while maintaining core inflation at its target level. Deviating from the optimal policy mix results in smaller welfare losses as long as core inflation remains stabilized. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Physical risk; Dual Economy; Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policy; E-DSGE modeling |
| JEL: | E32 E52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2504 |
| By: | Javier Soria-Espin (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Enrique Chueca Montuenga (Future Policy Lab); Bernardino León-Reyes (CERI - Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This report examines the limitations of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the main economic indicator and proposes complementary measures to improve the measurement of well-being in relation to two major challenges: inequality and climate change. It does so focusing on the case study of Spain. GDP, traditionally used to estimate the output and income generated in an economy, does not capture crucial factors such as income distribution, the environmental impact of economic activities, and unpaid work, resulting in an incomplete representation of economic well-being. To better measure inequality, it is proposed to use the "Real-Time Inequality" methodology to obtain monthly statistics on the distribution of income and wealth growth, expand access to administrative microdata, and use indicators such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Genuine Progress Index (GPI). Regarding climate change, the importance of integrating environmental statistics to measure the impact of productive activities on natural assets is highlighted. It is suggested to improve the capacities of the National Institute of Statistics (INE) to produce more detailed and frequent environmental statistics, as well as to implement international standards to measure these impacts. In addition, the practice of budget climate labeling is recommended in order to prioritize public spending on climate policies, thus facilitating more efficient planning and allocation of economic resources. |
| Abstract: | Este informe examina las limitaciones del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) como principal indicador económico y propone medidas complementarias para mejorar la medición del bienestar en relación con dos retos importantes: la desigualdad y el cambio climático. El PIB, tradicionalmente utilizado para estimar la producción y las rentas generadas en una economía, no captura factores cruciales como la distribución del ingreso, el impacto medioambiental de las actividades económicas y el trabajo no remunerado, lo cual resulta en una representación incompleta del bienestar económico. Para medir mejor la desigualdad, se propone utilizar la metodología "Real-Time Inequality" para obtener estadísticas mensuales sobre la distribución del crecimiento de la renta y la riqueza, ampliar el acceso a microdatos administrativos y emplear indicadores como el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) y el Índice de Progreso Genuino (IPG). En cuanto al cambio climático, se destaca la importancia de integrar estadísticas medioambientales que permitan medir el impacto de las actividades productivas en los activos naturales. Se sugiere mejorar las capacidades del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) para elaborar estadísticas ambientales más detalladas y frecuentes, así como implementar estándares internacionales para medir estos impactos. Además, se recomienda la práctica de etiquetado climático presupuestario para priorizar el gasto público en políticas climáticas, facilitando así una planificación y asignación de recursos económicos más eficiente |
| Abstract: | Ce rapport examine les limites du produit intérieur brut (PIB) en tant que principal indicateur économique et propose des mesures complémentaires pour améliorer la mesure du bien-être face à deux défis majeurs : les inégalités et le changement climatique. Il le fait en se concentrant sur l'étude de cas de l'Espagne. Le PIB, traditionnellement utilisé pour estimer la production et les revenus générés dans une économie, ne tient pas compte de facteurs cruciaux tels que la répartition des revenus, l'impact environnemental des activités économiques et le travail non rémunéré, ce qui donne une représentation incomplète du bien-être économique. Pour mieux mesurer les inégalités, il est proposé d'utiliser la méthodologie "Inégalité en temps réel" afin d'obtenir des statistiques mensuelles sur la distribution de la croissance des revenus et de la richesse, d'élargir l'accès aux micro-données administratives et d'utiliser des indicateurs tels que l'indice de développement humain (IDH) et l'indice de progrès véritable (IPV). En ce qui concerne le changement climatique, l'importance de l'intégration des statistiques environnementales pour mesurer l'impact des activités productives sur les actifs naturels est soulignée. Il est suggéré d'améliorer les capacités de l'Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) à produire des statistiques environnementales plus détaillées et plus fréquentes, ainsi que de mettre en œuvre des normes internationales pour mesurer ces impacts. En outre, la pratique de l'étiquetage climatique du budget est recommandée pour donner la priorité aux dépenses publiques en matière de politiques climatiques, facilitant ainsi une planification et une allocation plus efficaces des ressources économiques. |
| Keywords: | GDP, Spain, inequality, climate change |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04669166 |
| By: | Calzada Olvera, Beatriz; Vergara-Fernández , Melissa |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of the Lithium Triangle—comprising Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile—in the global supply of lithium, a critical raw material for the energy transition, including for the European Union (EU). Understanding the investment landscape in the Lithium Triangle is vital for the EU’s ambitious green agenda. The paper provides an overview of how the production capacity of the Lithium Triangle is meeting the growing global demand. It analyses the regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, investment drivers, and bottlenecks. Additionally, it examines how this landscape aligns with the EU’s ambitions to secure access to lithium. The findings indicate that, while the region holds significant potential to support the EU’s green transition, the EU’s marginal involvement as an active investor potentially risks future access. Further risks stem from growing firm concentration, environmental concerns, and regulatory uncertainties. |
| JEL: | F21 L70 L72 O13 Q40 |
| Date: | 2024–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024021 |
| By: | Bruni, Anastasia |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of green investments on market power. I measure the market power as markup following the method provided in De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). For green investments, I consider specifically the investments of firms in energy efficient technologies, both as the binary variable and as the continuous variable. This allows the examination of how the presence of such investments as well as their intensity affect markups. I use firm, age, year, sector and country fixed effects with a representative sample of indicatively 12, 000 firms from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) in the panel from 2016 to 2022. I find the positive and statistically significant relationship that holds also when applying the 2SLS-IV methodology. This study is particularly relevant for firms that are willing to increase their market power and to improve their environmentally friendly image in the eyes of their customers without the need of engaging in greenwashing practices. Instead, the firms are invited to consider energy efficiency investments as a concrete way of improving both their markups and the loyalty of their customers. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:349287 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The global energy landscape in 2024 reflects a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, economic pressures, and uneven progress in clean energy transitions. Despite record growth in renewable energy deployment and advancements in low-carbon technologies, the world continues to fall short of meeting its climate goals. Fragmented markets, entrenched fossil fuel dependencies, and supply chain vulnerabilities continue to challenge energy security and hinder global decarbonization efforts. Geopolitical conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine and rising tensions in the Middle East, have reshaped trade flows, deepened regional dependencies, and highlighted the fragility of global energy systems. This paper analyzes key trends shaping the energy sector in 2024 and anticipates their implications for 2025. It examines the record-high demand for coal, the uneven deployment of clean energy technologies, the accelerating impact of artificial intelligence on electricity consumption, and the challenges of implementing effective carbon pricing mechanisms. The findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated international action to address vulnerabilities, align policy frameworks, and foster resilience in energy markets. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb02_25 |
| By: | Mita, Kaori; Iizuka, Michiko |
| Abstract: | The energy transition is said to create emerging “green windows of opportunity (GWO)” in developing countries. On the other hand, many latecomer countries remain importers and users of renewables and clean energy technologies. Renewable energy deployment projects are considered complex systems and products (CoPS) that are capital-intensive, client-driven, and complex economic activities. Previous research on catching up in CoPS has concentrated on large engineering projects, focusing on technological aspects and the role of government interventions at different developmental stages, especially the creation of domestic markets. As many latecomer countries are users of emerging renewable energy technologies, the creation of domestic markets through government interventions is considered essential for successful transitions and capability upgrading to take place. However, capability upgrading and the transition to renewable energy can also occur without the initial presence of a domestic market and strong governmental support, as demonstrated by the case of ACWA Power, a project developer in a latecomer country, in Saudi Arabia. This case shows that upgrading of organizational capabilities took place as the firm engaged in projects in the external market to deploy renewable energy, taking advantage of the GWO. The case suggests that the CoPS can be a viable pathway for catching up in the emerging renewable energy sector, enabling firms to transition and build their organizational capabilities from project-based learning when GWOs are effectively leveraged. |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–07–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024015 |
| By: | Onyinye M. Eneh (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Arinze E. Anaege (Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ideato, Nigeria); Iheanyi O. Anyahara (Directorates of Accounting Standards, Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The primary aim of businesses, among other goals, is to maximize the wealth of shareholders in the foreseeable future. However, the achievement of this goal is substantially hinged on the organization's ability to operate in a sustainable manner that preserves the ecosystem of its operating environment in addition to the interest and well-being of key stakeholders. This concern remains a central issue globally among scholars, practitioners, and regulators, especially in the global oil and gas sector, where business activities could have a direct and substantial impact on the environment and stakeholders' interests. Considering that Nigeria is a major player in the global oil and gas industry, this study aimed to examine the sustainability disclosure practices of eight (8) oil and gas companies quoted in the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) and the effects of these practices on the performance of the companies. The study employed content analysis using globally recognized disclosure indices such as the GRI to extract sustainability disclosure with a focus on social, economic, and environmental disclosure of oil and gas companies for a period of ten (10) years, from 2014 to 2023. This study concluded that while sustainability disclosures are present, there is room for improvement, particularly in environmental reporting, which could enhance the overall performance and reputation of these companies. The study also provided empirical evidence to support policies and regulations that will promote sustainability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. |
| Keywords: | sustainability reporting, oil and gas, environmental, economic, social, Nigerian Exchange |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0458 |
| By: | Liza Fahmida |
| Abstract: | This study explores the challenges and implications of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the banking sector of Bangladesh, highlighting its regulatory framework, implementation gaps, and alignment with sustainable development goals. While the central bank mandates CSR, the profit-driven nature of banking institutions often shifts the focus of CSR initiatives toward competitive advantage and brand enhancement rather than addressing genuine social and environmental needs. Major investments are concentrated in the education and health sectors, with minimal attention to ecological sustainability and marginalized communities. Weak regulatory oversight, profit-oriented governance structures, and limited stakeholder participation hinder the effective implementation of CSR. The lack of diversity in board representation, particularly the exclusion of women and underrepresented groups, further limits CSR's participatory and inclusive nature. This study underscores the need for stronger policy interventions, enhanced monitoring mechanisms, and a shift in corporate governance to transform CSR into a tool for meaningful societal impact. The findings call for further research to explore strategies for aligning profit-driven motives with sustainable and equitable development objectives. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.15594 |
| By: | Andrea Bastianin; Xiao Li; Luqman Shamsudin |
| Abstract: | The transition to a cleaner energy mix, essential for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, will significantly increase demand for metals critical to renewable energy technologies. Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements, are indispensable for renewable energy generation and the electrification of global economies. However, their markets are characterized by high price volatility due to supply concentration, low substitutability, and limited price elasticity. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the price volatility of ETMs, a subset of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). Using a combination of exploratory data analysis, data reduction, and visualization methods, we identify key features for accurate point and density forecasts. We evaluate various volatility models, including Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Stochastic Volatility (SV) models, to determine their forecasting performance. Our findings reveal significant heterogeneity in ETM volatility patterns, which challenge standard groupings by data providers and geological classifications. The results contribute to the literature on CRM economics and commodity volatility, offering novel insights into the complex dynamics of ETM markets and the modeling of their returns and volatilities. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.16069 |
| By: | Namugumya, Brenda S.; Herens, Marion; Kruft, Krista; de Groote, Bram; Tuyen, Huynh Thi Thanh; Huong, Pham Thi Mai; Thanh, Duong Thi |
| Abstract: | Collaborative governance processes are increasingly recognized as critical for normative food systems transformation (FST) globally. For instance, collective action and multistakeholder partnerships is one of the main levers of change stated in Viet Nam’s “National Action Plan on Food Systems Transformation in Viet Nam towards Transparency, Responsibility, and Sustainability by 2030†(FST-NAP). The collaborative processes bring together government, private actors and citizens in collective forums and networks to engage in long-term goal-oriented decision making and implementation, for example, change towards sustainable healthy diets and better planetary health for all populations (Ansell and Gash 2008). Forming and maintaining collaborative governance processes entail navigating different challenges attributed to the inherently dynamic nature of such partnerships. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; food systems; sustainability; healthy diets |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:169021 |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly using strategies to encourage firms to eliminate product components (e.g., palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (e.g., rainforests) or to replace them with NGO‐certified sustainable components. Under what conditions do NGOs' information and ecolabeling strategies succeed in eliminating certain harmful components when these components contribute to the intrinsic quality of a product? The paper addresses these questions using a model of two‐dimensional vertical product differentiation in a market with consumers either informed or uninformed about the environmental quality of products and two firms that initially offer a product with the harmful component and a harmful component‐free product. We show that the information campaign plays a crucial and effective role in improving environmental quality, although the optimal share of informed consumers for the NGO is large but not always 100%. Ecolabeling cannot replace the information campaign. It is only a complementary tool to an intensive information campaign. Used together, they can succeed in triggering the substitution of the certified sustainable component for the harmful one. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04592469 |
| By: | Pasimeni, Francesco; Ciarli, Tommaso (RS: UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | We propose a simple model to study the conditions under which consumers prefer to purchase a good in coalition rather than individually. To identify those conditions, we study the full parameter space that defines the characteristics and preferences of heterogeneous consumers, the characteristics of the good, and the characteristics of a public service that offers the same services as the good. We find that shared ownership emerges only under niche conditions, for relatively lower income consumers with relatively higher demand. Furthermore, shared ownership is more likely to emerge if the shared good is relatively small and can be purchased in small coalition with lower coordination costs. Results are relevant to design sustainable consumption policies as they show that the diffusion of shared goods reduce the net number of goods in an economy, and therefore their environmental impact. However, we do not find any impact of shared ownership in reducing inequality in accessing goods. We show that policies that reduce the relative price of the shared purchase can accelerate the transition to a more sustainable shared consumption. |
| JEL: | Q57 D81 D85 D91 D12 |
| Date: | 2023–05–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023015 |
| By: | Bambe, Bao-We-Wal |
| Abstract: | Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will require significant financing and investment, particularly as growing challenges from climate events highlight the insufficiency of public funds to meet the 2030 Agenda (World Economic Forum 2024). Private capital for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) surged in recent years, with significant commitments from multilateral development banks (MDBs). However, the financing gap to achieve the SDGs remains sizable, highlighting the need for greater effort to mobilise much larger private capital for sustainable development. In recent years, guarantees have emerged as a key leveraging mechanism. They are designed to mitigate high investment risks to support private capital mobilisation in LMICs. However, despite some progress, guarantees are used sparingly, suggesting considerable scope for increasing their scale, as highlighted by the G20 Independent Expert Group (IEG). This Policy Brief examines whether guarantees can serve as an effective leveraging mechanism for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This is especially so because SMEs remain largely hampered by poor access to finance, despite their key role in providing jobs for the local population and contributing to economic growth. Moreover, in the face of climate change, SME adaptation requires new investments in climate-resistant technologies and clean energies, highlighting the need for additional financing amid severe constraints on access to capital. Guarantees can complement other leveraging mechanisms, further easing financing constraints for SMEs in LMICs. Guarantees can absorb some of the risks associated with investment, offering financial institutions greater security. This added security can, in turn, help improve access to capital for SMEs. On the other hand, they can also help catalyse private sector investment in LMICs. Recognising both the potential benefits and short-comings of guarantees, this Policy Brief provides the following policy recommendations on how guarantees could be extended efficiently to the SME sector in LMICs. - Guarantees should be directed at financial institu-tions to mitigate portfolio risk and actively promote lending to small projects or SMEs in high-risk sectors, particularly those with the potential to generate substantial economic, environmental, or social benefits. - Complement guarantees with additional measures to improve SMEs' financial management, enhance risk assessment, and strengthen technical capacity through professional training and advisory services. - Implement partial credit guarantees to require financial institutions to retain a share of the risk, thereby reducing moral hazard and promoting rigorous analyses of borrowers' creditworthiness. Complement these guarantees with conditionalities and monitoring criteria, such as regular reporting, to ensure the incrementality and additionality of guaranteed financing. Enhance the harmonisation of guarantees with other leveraging mechanisms, improve coordination among MDBs and DFIs, and streamline guarantee frameworks to achieve greater efficiency. - Recognise that guarantees alone cannot address structural vulnerabilities and institutional weakness in LMICs; a long-term commitment from decision-makers is essential to improve institutional and economic performance. |
| Keywords: | Guarantees, Multilateral Developemnt Banks, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Low- and Middle-income Countries, 2030 Agenda |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:309600 |
| By: | RUEDA CANTUCHE Jose Manuel (European Commission - JRC); LOPEZ ALVAREZ Jorge (European Commission - JRC); PEDAUGA Luis (European Commission - JRC); CATALAN PIERA Alba (European Commission - JRC); MARQUES SANTOS Anabela (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The EU’s commitment to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels affects the employment of certain economic activities, such as the coal based industries and other upstream activities in EU territories. Future policy interventions to counter-balance the negative effects of decarbonisation on employment need to ensure appropriate alternatives in those regions that can be most potentially affected by the coal transition, either directly or indirectly. At national level, in 2017, there were 430, 000 jobs that were directly or indirectly associated to coal production and coal-fired power plants in the EU, of which 46% were located in Poland, followed by Czechia and Romania. At regional level, the Silesian region in Poland hosted close to 90, 000 jobs associated to coal based activities, followed by the Romanian South-West Oltenia and other regions in Czechia (North-West). Our results identify those regions potentially most affected by ceasing coal based activities in the EU, also taking into account upstream employment effects in other regions and industries. Our results could help the design of the upcoming “Industrial Decarbonisation Accelerator Act” aiming to decarbonise European industry, informing policy measures that could ensure fossil fuel use reduction, and the creation of new job opportunities in the territories negatively affected by the transition. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139404 |
| By: | Leight, Jessica; Bahiru, Kibret Mamo; Buehren, Niklas; Getahun, Tigabu; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Mulford, Michael; Tambet, Heleene |
| Abstract: | Sustainable land management (SLM) technologies including composting and agro-forestry are widely promoted as strategies to counter land degradation and enhance resilience against adverse weather shocks. Given that women are disproportionately vulnerable to such shocks, promoting their uptake of these technologies may be particularly important. We conducted a randomized trial in rural Ethiopia analyzing a bundled intervention providing training and inputs designed to encourage uptake of three interrelated SLM technologies: fruit tree planting, composting, and home gardening. The trial included 1900 extremely poor households in 95 subdistricts, randomly assigned to treatment arms in which women only or couples were included in the intervention. The findings one year post-baseline suggest a positive and large effect on take-up of all three technologies: the probability of reporting any trees increased by eight percentage points, and the probability of reporting a garden and/or composting increased by 20 to 30 percentage points, symmetrically across treatment arms. There are also significant reported increases in household vegetable production and consumption as well as in women’s dietary diversity. There is, however, some evidence that tree survival rates and tree health are weakly lower in intervention households compared to control households who spontaneously planted trees. Some positive effects on equitable intrahousehold decision-making and task-sharing are observed, especially in the couples’ training arm, but in general there is no robust evidence that either intervention significantly shifted intrahousehold gender dynamics. |
| Keywords: | climate change; land management; gender; social protection; sustainable land management; Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2309 |
| By: | Ayalew, Hailemariam; Berhane, Guush; Wondale, Meseret; Breisinger, Clemens |
| Abstract: | The recent surge in violent conflicts, intertwined with climate-induced drought risks, is jeopardizing decades of development progress in many low- and middle-income countries. This study investigates the compounded effects of armed conflicts and climate-induced disruptions on agricultural input use in Ethiopia, a country experiencing significant fragility due to both factors. Using a unique household- and plot-level panel dataset collected before (2019) and after (2023) the onset of a widespread conflict, we examine how these disruptions affect the use of key agricultural inputs, such as inorganic fertilizers, improved seeds, agrochemicals, compost, and manure. The analysis reveals that exposure to conflict significantly reduces the likelihood of using both inorganic and organic inputs. Conflict-affected households are 9 percentage points less likely to use both inorganic fertilizers and improved seeds, and 14 percentage points less likely to use organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure. Exposure to recurrent rainfall variability by inducing uncertainty of use of inputs further exacerbates these negative impacts, reducing fertilizer use by an additional 3 percent among drought-exposed households. These findings highlight the multifaceted challenges faced by smallholder farmers in fragile settings, where both conflict and environmental stressors undermine agricultural productivity and threaten food security. The study underscores the need for targeted anticipatory (pre-conflict) and resilience building (post-conflict) interventions to support resilience in agricultural practices within conflict-affected regions, particularly those facing climate-induced weather risks. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; armed conflicts; climate change; weather hazards; inputs; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2307 |
| By: | Pietrobelli, Carlo (RS: UNU-MERIT); Anlló, G.; Barletta, F.; Bianchi, C.; Dutrénit, G.; Menéndez de Medina, Maria (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance); Puchet, M.; Rocha, F.; Ruiz, K.; Segura Bonilla, O.; Szapiro, M. |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for Latin America in adopting sustainable development strategies, with a particular focus on Science, Technology and Innovattion (STI) policies. It gathers the insights of a group of distinguished scholars on STI policies, social inclusion and sustainability from the region who participated in the panel organized by the UNESCO Chair during the LALICS* conference held in Asuncion, Paraguay, on 19-21 June 2023. It addresses the challenges that hinder Latin America’s inclusive, sustainable and innovative development process from different perspectives. Highlighted challenges include strong inequality, high informality levels, and low R&D expenditure, heterogeneous productive structure posing obstacles to innovation and their governance. Scholars highlight the role of STI policies and the engagement of academia, government, and business in reducing inequality and promoting social protection, and discuss the technological capabilities needed to address climate change and digitalisation in the region. |
| JEL: | E61 O31 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023040 |
| By: | Lucas Chancel (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CRIS - Centre de recherche sur les inégalités sociales (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Harvard University, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Philipp Bothe (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Tancrède Voituriez (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris) |
| Abstract: | The triple climate inequality crisis, or in contributions, impacts and capacity to act within and between countries, is a central issue in addressing climate change. This Comment advocates for progressive wealth taxation as a viable solution to the finance gap. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Inequality, Taxation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04385157 |
| By: | Javier Asensio (Departament d’Economia Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).); Anna Matas (Departament d’Economia Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).); Josep-Lluís Raymond (Departament d'Economia i d'Història Econòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)) |
| Abstract: | This paper carries out an empirical analysis of the determinants of CO2 emissions of new cars in Spain between 2015 and 2020. Technological change is shown to result in a decrease of emissions by 9%. However, the demand shift towards larger and more powerful vehicles has offset half of these gains. Moreover, the penetration of hybrid technologies has contributed to reducing emissions by a further 8.7%. Additionally, we estimate the determinants of emissions due to car characteristics, and we find that they are sensitive to socioeconomic and geographic variables, such as income, city size or its rural/urban character. We find an emissions elasticity with respect to fuel prices of -0.37. This is shown to be due to the purchase of less emitting cars and a higher share of more technologically efficient vehicles. Finally, scrappage programs, subsidies to the purchase of electric vehicles and the establishment of low emission zones succeed in reducing emissions. However, their effects are small and depend on the design of such measures. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, technological change, car characteristics, hybrid technology, demand determinants, electric vehicles |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea2502 |
| By: | Mukherjee, Manisha (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance); Martorano, Bruno (Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, RS: GSBE MGSoG); Siegel, Melissa (Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, RS: GSBE MGSoG, RS: UNU-MERIT Theme 2, RS: UNU-MERIT Theme 6, RS: FdR Research Group ITEM, RS: UNU-MERIT - MACIMIDE) |
| Abstract: | This study delves into the gendered impacts of rising temperatures from climate change on long-term female migration patterns in rural India. We utilize a panel fixed-effects model to investigate the relationship between temperature levels and migration trends by employing a district-level panel dataset that combines Census data for years 1991, 2001, and 2011, multiple rounds of household surveys, and local weather measurements. Our results showcase statistically significant declining effects of rising temperatures on female rural-rural and rural-urban migration in the country. Specifically, the findings suggest that a 1 degree Celsius temperature increase is associated with a 22% decline in rural-urban and a 13% decline in rural-rural female migration in an average district in India. This decline is primarily due to diminishing marriage-related migration among women in the northern districts of the country, which have a historically high prevalence of dowry. We identify decreasing agricultural yields from rising temperatures as an underlying mechanism that is reducing resources to finance dowry in northern India. We further note that the declines in female migration are driven by districts with poor access to credit, and more so in the northern districts. |
| JEL: | J12 O15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024011 |
| By: | Namugumya, Brenda S.; Mengesha, Belay Terefe; Pittore, Katherine; Herens, Marion |
| Abstract: | Collaborative governance processes are increasingly recognized as critical for normative food systems transformation (FST) globally. For instance, collective action and multistakeholder partnerships is one of the main levers of change stated in Ethiopia’s Food Systems Roadmap. The collaborative processes bring together government, private actors, and citizens in collective forums and networks to engage in long-term, goal-oriented decision making and implementation (Ansell and Gash 2008), for example, change towards sustainable healthy diets and better planetary health for all populations. Forming and maintaining collaborative governance processes entail navigating different challenges attributed to the inherently dynamic nature of such partnerships. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; food systems; sustainability; healthy diets; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:169022 |
| By: | Eduardo Amaral Haddad; Inácio F. Araújo; Dina N. Elshahawany; João Gabriel Sacco; Maria Carolina Rogelis-Prada; Antonios Pomonis; Guillermo Toyos; Hogeun Park |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the economic costs for three Egyptian coastal cities of catastrophic flooding resulting from either sea-level rise or intense rainfall. Using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) framework, we assess the higher-order impacts of physical capital loss on both regional and national economies. Leveraging global flood hazard maps for various scenarios and return periods, and a 100-meter-resolution buildings-exposure model, which estimates the replacement value of residential and non-residential buildings at each floor level, we estimate the share of physical capital at risk. Our analysis covers Egypt’s main port cities on the Mediterranean Sea (Alexandria, Damietta, and Port Said), taking into account seven scenarios and three intensities of destruction. Results indicate significant variability in economic impacts, with coastal flooding due to sea-level rise posing a more substantial threat to Port Said and Damietta, whereas pluvial flooding from intense rainfall would more heavily impact Alexandria. The findings underscore the need for targeted investments in climate resilience, particularly for coastal infrastructure, to mitigate future economic losses. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp02_25 |
| By: | Antoine Bouët (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Erica Perego (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Vincent Vicard (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Mathieu Fouquet (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Alexandre Godzinski (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Jean (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM]); William l'Heudé (Direction Générale du Trésor); Vincent Aussilloux (France Stratégie); Romain Schweizer (France Stratégie); Christophe C. Gouel (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Paul Malliet (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); François Langot (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, GAINS - Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux - UM - Le Mans Université); Aude Pommeret (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France Stratégie); Fabien Tripier (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Les conséquences économiques et environnementales des politiques françaises de transition énergétique doivent s'envisager dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte. Tout d'abord, le rythme des efforts et les modalités de la décarbonation de l'activité économique sont en partie dictés au niveau européen, comme dans le cas du marché de quotas d'émission pour les industries hautement émissives. Mais surtout, l'Accord de Paris inscrit l'effort français au sein d'une variété d'engagements nationaux de décarbonation, tant en termes d'ambition que d'instruments mis en œuvre pour y parvenir. Cette diversité des efforts et instruments au niveau international contribue à déterminer les effets économiques des choix faits en matière de politiques climatiques adoptées au niveau européen et français. Ce rapport propose un tour d'horizon synthétique de cette dimension internationale des politiques de transition énergétique. En dépit d'éléments communs, notamment leur objectif final de réduction de l'empreinte carbone de l'activité économique, les politiques climatiques des différents pays sont hétérogènes, qu'il s'agisse de leur ambition – à savoir le niveau de leurs engagements en termes de décarbonation – ou des politiques (prix, réglementations, subventions ou crédits d'impôt) mises en œuvre. Il est dès lors illusoire de tenter de réduire les effets de cette hétérogénéité à une métrique commune de l'effort de chaque pays, comme le serait un équivalent prix des mesures réglementaires ou incitatives en place dans les différents pays. |
| Keywords: | changement climatique, Compétitivité, Transition Energétique, Politique environmentale |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04248556 |
| By: | Dirk Czarnitzki; Robin Lepers; Maikel Pellens |
| Abstract: | The circular economy represents a systematic shift in production and consumption, aimed at extending the life cycle of products and materials while minimizing resource use and waste. Achieving the goals of the circular economy presents firms with the challenge of innovating new products, technologies, and business models, however. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence as an enabler of circular economy innovations. Through an empirical analysis of the German Community Innovation Survey, we show that firms investing in artificial intelligence are more likely to introduce circular economy innovations than those that do not. Additionally, the results indicate that the use of artificial intelligence enhances firms’ abilities to lower production externalities (for instance, reducing pollution) through these innovations. The findings of this paper underscore artificial intelligence’s potential to accelerate the transition to the circular economy. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Innovation, Artificial intelligence |
| Date: | 2025–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:ecoomp:758339 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Bonaglia, Davide (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Hansen, Ulrich Elmer |
| Abstract: | Wind power has ascended from being a niche technology developed by enthusiastic idealists, to being a pivotal element in global energy transitions led by multinational corporations. It has thus emerged rapidly as a leading renewable energy source globally, driven by imperatives to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and achieve energy security, on the one hand, and rapidly evolving technological trajectories and declining turbine costs, on the other. This paper examines the nature and characteristics of wind energy innovation by tracing the historical evolution of wind energy innovation, examining key milestones from 19th-century turbine development to contemporary advancements. Drawing on patent data, it reveals critical innovation trajectories, including the consolidation of modern turbine design, as being critical to the emergence of wind energy as a competitive technology. Moreover, the paper shows how rapid innovation has been rooted in the emergence of global production and innovation networks among leading wind turbine manufacturers. Yet, despite wind energy's substantial contributions to decarbonization efforts, persisting innovation challenges demands continued advancement. To respond to this challenge, the sector is increasingly focused on ‘post turbine’ wind innovation in which advanced digital technologies take centre stage. |
| JEL: | O13 O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2024–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024020 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Rabellotti, Roberta |
| Abstract: | This paper is based on a review of the literature that brings together GVCs, green and digital transformations. Or to be more precise, the analysis is based on three main components: (a) the greening of GVCs and environmental upgrading; (b) the digital transformation of manufacturing GVCs and (c) an initial exploration of the green and digital joint transformations in GVCs. The aim is to provide a framework bringing together environmental upgrading and digital technologies in manufacturing GVCs. We find that the greening of the global value chains in manufacturing industries unfold in analytically separable steps: a) new patterns of demand preferences and consumer behaviours, b) new green strategies by lead firms and global buyers and c) enforcement of environmental standards and associated patterns of upgrading and downgrading across global supply bases. Digitalization in manufacturing GVCs have differentiated effects across the Global South. The importation and adoption of advanced digital technologies is still limited to a small number of countries (the so-called emerging economies) and their production at any scale is limited to an even smaller set of advanced economies plus China. Across most of the Global South, adoption rates of smart manufacturing and service technologies as well new technologies for data processing and analysis are very low and many firms still face challenges with adopting much older manufacturing and service technologies. Still very little is known about the extent to which key enabling digital technologies support the process of environmental upgrading in the Global South firms that are inserted into GVCs. This is because these techno-institutional waves are still concentrated geographically and the full extent of the ramifications across the Global South remains to be seen. This also means that synergy-creation is challenging. The small pool of literature identified for this study suggests that potentials are mainly limited to certain digital technologies and specific types of environmental upgrading. These insights are anyhow useful because they may help to early direct the efforts of policymakers towards the more likely opportunities. |
| JEL: | F18 L23 L60 O33 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023013 |
| By: | Liliana Rojas-Suarez (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Basel III—the international standard for banking regulation—has strengthened global financial stability but has also led to unintended consequences that may hinder progress toward key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper examines how Basel III’s regulatory framework may restrict bank lending to SMEs (impacting SDG 10) and constrain infrastructure finance (impacting SDG 8). Addressing these challenges requires refining risk assessment methodologies while preserving Basel III’s core objective: accurate risk evaluation. For SMEs, tailoring risk weights using local credit registry data can better reflect economic conditions in emerging markets. For infrastructure, recognizing it as a distinct asset class and leveraging credit risk mitigation tools could improve financing. Greater engagement from multilateral institutions, particularly the World Bank, is essential to advancing these solutions while maintaining financial stability. |
| Keywords: | Basel III, Sustainable Development Goals, Infrastructure Finance, SME Lending |
| JEL: | G21 G28 O1 O18 |
| Date: | 2025–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:351 |
| By: | Suman Kumar Das |
| Abstract: | India's growing population and economy have significantly increased the demand and consumption of natural resources. As a result, the potential benefits of transitioning to a circular economic model have been extensively discussed and debated among various Indian stakeholders, including policymakers, industry leaders, and environmental advocates. Despite the numerous initiatives, policies, and transnational strategic partnerships of the Indian government, most small and medium enterprises in India face significant challenges in implementing circular economy practices. This is due to the lack of a clear pathway to measure the current state of the circular economy in Indian industries and the absence of a framework to address these challenges. This paper examines the circularity of the 93-textile industry in India using the C-Readiness Tool. The analysis comprehensively identified 9 categories with 34 barriers to adopting circular economy principles in the textile sector through a narrative literature review. The identified barriers were further compared against the findings from a C-readiness tool assessment, which revealed prominent challenges related to supply chain coordination, consumer engagement, and regulatory compliance within the industry's circularity efforts. In response to these challenges, the article proposes a strategic roadmap that leverages digital technologies to drive the textile industry towards a more sustainable and resilient industrial model. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.15636 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Rabellotti, Roberta |
| Abstract: | The green transformation has profound implications for the global economy and, hence, for the prospects for latecomer development. In this paper we review the insights derived from case studies of developing countries’ green technology experience. We conduct a systematic literature review covering seven key technologies. This allows us to examine whether the green economy offers new opportunities for latecomer development and their ability to seize these opportunities. To understand how developing countries’ capacities to exploit these opportunities differ across cases, we focus on sectoral systems and, particularly, on (a) preconditions allowing exploitation of these opportunities, and (b) strategic responses of public and private actors in this respect. We identify four different scenarios: (1) effective opportunity exploitation; (2) missed opportunities; (3) active approach; and (4) distant opportunities. We conclude by assessing the options for policy to support developing countries in their efforts to encourage green development strategies, focusing on both the provision and augmentation of opportunities and construction of the requisite sectoral production and innovation systems. |
| JEL: | O14 O33 O38 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023012 |
| By: | Kshitiz Shrestha (International Center for Public Policy, Georgia State University); Rose Camille Vincent (Utrecht School of Economics, Utrecht University); Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (International Center for Public Policy, Georgia State University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization on climate change and how this impact can be mediated by political institutions. Decentralization has remained an important shift in governance structure throughout the world in the past several decades. The literature, thus far, has not provided conclusive evidence regarding the impact of fiscal decentralization on combating climate change. Decentralized decision-making may seem as antagonistic to the large externalities that typically characterize climate change policies. However, the under-provision of public goods with externalities by subnational governments may be mediated by the presence of certain political institutions. In particular, national integrated political parties have the ability to provide the right incentives to shape the choices of subnational elected officials to consider those externalities. This paper exploits two databases to test the significance of those effects. First, using a large panel cross-country data set from 1971 to 2019, we find that the presence of strong party institutionalization significantly improves the functional role of fiscal decentralization in combating climate change. Second, we exploit a new OECD/European Commission database on subnational climate finance measuring the level of fiscal decentralization in climate-related expenditure and investment. The results support our primary findings and are robust to alternative specifications. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2502 |
| By: | Narayanan, Sudha; Raghunathan, Kalyani; Gautam, Aditi |
| Abstract: | Despite significant improvements in poverty and standard of living over the last two decades, India continues to face challenges, including slow improvements in health and nutrition indicators and in aspects of women’s empowerment and in generating opportunities for sustainable livelihoods. At the same time, climate-related events are increasing in frequency with associated risks. Women and other marginalized populations are often at greater risk from these events due to their relatively lower access to resources, lower mobility and greater dependence on common property resources. Social protection can be an effective instrument to promote resilience. One such large social protection program with significant potential is India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, or the MGNREGA, one of the largest public works programs in the world. This report provides insights from four case studies linked to the MGNREGA and implemented under the Indo-German Enhancing Rural Resilience through Appropriate Development Actions, or ERADA project. ERADA was implemented in 8 blocks of 4 large Indian states, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. The ERADA project had three broad objectives - of enhancing natural capital, green recovery through green enterprises, and convergence of resources and networks - and identified the MGNREGA as a critical social safety net on which to base its activities. While much has been written on the impact of the MGNREGA on “first-order†outcomes such as wages, employment, rural-urban distress migration and other household welfare outcomes, we know considerably less about the use of the assets created under the program, and even less about the potential of these assets to support and sustain value chain activities. |
| Keywords: | public works; sustainability; resilience; livelihoods; social protection; value chains; Asia; Southern Asia; India |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2318 |
| By: | Edwige Dubos-Paillard (GC (UMR_8504) - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Emmanuelle Lavaine (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Katrin Millock (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | The article estimates flood risk perceptions by exploiting the different release dates of flood risk information around Paris from 2003 to 2012. This period is characterised by the absence of significant floods since 1955, making flood risk less salient. We apply a stacked event study to detailed property transaction data combined with geo-localised amenities. The results show that transaction prices for similar properties are 3-7% lower following the release of information if they are located in a flood risk zone, and that the effect persists, at least over the period we analyse. The results are robust to varying the control group to a neighbourhood at different distances from the flood risk boundary. The effect is more negative for flats on the ground floor. We find no evidence of sorting among buyers along different characteristics, in particular based on past exposure to flooding in their previous municipality. The results indicate a significant effect of flood risk information in a context where we can isolate it from the financial consequences of insurance cover and from flood damage per se. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04850441 |
| By: | GNAMUS Ales (European Commission - JRC); CHIONCEL Mariana |
| Abstract: | The objective of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation (TI) to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies in the specific territory - region Nord-Vest and the city of Cluj-Napoca in Romania.The report belongs to a series of case studies which all draw on the conceptual framework on transformative innovation for better CCA previously defined in the JRC report, that also articulated the methodology for territorial case studies. The series of case studies comprises various biogeographical regions with a variety of climate risks, various institutional contexts, different ranges of population sizes, and demonstrating a diversity of approaches to transformative innovation and CCA, based on empirical analyses. A full list of the case studies is provided in Annex 3. The framework of the analysis against conceptual framework of transformative innovation for better CCA takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven dimensions, each of them representing one of the key features of the TI approach where the dimensions are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of the transformative CCA strategies. These TI dimensions are as follows: - Directionality; - Articulating instrument portfolios and defining synergies between funding sources; - Ensuring cross-domain synergies; - Increasing breadth and depth of stakeholder involvement; - Setting up effective multi-level governance models; - Making room for experimentation; and - Securing high levels of policy intelligence, learning and strategic capacity. Each section sets out the main questions to be addressed in the territory in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This Report provides the findings for the city of Cluj-Napoca and the region of Nord-Vest in Romania, taking into account multilevel governance also at national level, as at November 2023 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. The revision of the policy documents, of measures introduced and the interviews with the policy makers signposted that despite numerous CCA measures have been put in place in Cluj-Napoca and the Nord-Vest region, lots of actions linked to the established TI for CCA conceptual framework will still need to be put in place in order to assure climate resilience of the territory. While this study proposes numerous specific practical ways forward within each TI dimension, an overall recommendation is that a systematic, quantitative climate risk and adaptation assessments will be needed at various territorial levels in order to make the CCA more transformative. For that aim, the JRC has developed a Self-Assessment Framework that will be thoroughly explained in the upcoming policy brief. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138586 |
| By: | Sumner, Andrew; Klingebiel, Stephan; Yusuf, Arief Anshory |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the evolving role of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in addressing global development challenges in the mid-2020s. At a time when a new development strategy is being drafted for the OECD, we provide a fresh perspective by exploring the tensions inherent in the definition of "development" and asking whose development the OECD seeks to support. Historically, the OECD extended its remit beyond its membership through mechanisms such as Official Development Assistance (ODA). However, considering the increasing prominence of South-South cooperation, private sector investment and intensifying geopolitical competition, ODA alone is insufficient for sustainable development needs, and for many countries of the Global South ODA no longer matters as much as it used to due to the growth of domestic resources. One of the most significant shifts within the OECD itself in recent years is in its identity, largely as a result of its expanding membership. This now totals 38 countries, including some from the Global South, and this trend is set to continue, with a set of Southern countries currently in the accession process. While this enlargement may strengthen the OECD's relevance in a multipolar world, it also challenges the organisation's traditional identity as a "club of mostly rich countries", as The Economist has often referred to it. Employing a novel 2x2 matrix framework, we delineate four strategic scenarios for OECD development strategy: (i) "traditional development" within OECD member states (D-within), (ii) traditional development beyond OECD membership (D-beyond), (iii) "frontier development" within OECD member states, and (iv) frontier development beyond the organisation's membership. The use of the term "traditional development" refers to an aggregate growth orientation of development without reference to inclusivity or sustainability. "Frontier development" is then the converse. The authors argue for an OECD development strategy that bridges "D-within" and "D-beyond", by acknowledging the transnational spillover effects of the domestic policies of OECD countries on the Global South. Further, across the matrix framework, we advocate for the OECD to strengthen its engagement with the analysis and promotion of policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD) as a means of providing global leadership in sustainable development. In theory, promoting PCSD necessitates the integration of economic, social and environmental dimensions across all policy areas, alongside a commitment to addressing long-term and transboundary impacts. Further, we highlight the imperative of engaging non-member states to enhance the inclusivity and relevance of the OECD's development strategy within an increasingly multipolar global order. In sum, we argue that the OECD is at a pivotal juncture. Its capacity to adapt and redefine its developmental mandate will determine its future relevance in the global governance architecture. By prioritising leadership on global sustainable development, PSCD and an inclusive approach to non-OECD members, the OECD has the potential to serve as a transformative force. |
| Keywords: | OECD, development, development policy, development cooperation, Agenda 2030, Official Development Assistance (ODA), South-South cooperation, policy coherence, Global South |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:309598 |
| By: | Vanessa S. Tchamyou (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Ofeh M. Edoh (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Purpose This study investigates how gender economic inclusion affects sustainable development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach The study is focused on 42 African countries for the period 2000–2019. It argues that enhancing gender economic inclusion in all sectors of society promotes and sets a better pace for the attainment of sustainable development in Africa. The gender economic inclusion variable used is the number of females employed as a ratio of the working-age population. The study employs the generalized method of moments as the main analysis method alongside the ordinary least squares technique. Findings The results show that gender economic inclusion has a negative effect on sustainable development in Africa, but they reveal contradictions when income groups are taken into consideration. Specifically, the middle-income group in Africa experiences a positive effect of gender economic inclusion on sustainable development. Practical implications As policy implications, this study recommends that policy makers in low-income countries in Africa do everything within their reach to have equitable gender-inclusive societies, that is, to narrow the gap between the already wealthy class of women and the poor. This could be done by having more women included in different economic sector activities, in order to create a more conducive atmosphere for sustainable development. Originality/value The study has complemented the existing literature by assessing the nexus between gender economic inclusion and sustainable development in Africa. |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:24/017 |
| By: | Anastasia Bruni (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Catholic University of Sacred Heart) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of green investments on market power. I measure the market power as markup following the method provided in De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). For green investments, I consider specifically the investments of firms in energy efficient technologies, both as the binary variable and as the continuous variable. This allows the examination of how the presence of such investments as well as their intensity affect markups. I use firm, age, year, sector and country fixed effects with a representative sample of indicatively 12, 000 firms from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) in the panel from 2016 to 2022. I find the positive and statistically significant relationship that holds also when applying the 2SLS-IV methodology. This study is particularly relevant for firms that are willing to increase their market power and to improve their environmentally friendly image in the eyes of their customers without the need of engaging in greenwashing practices. Instead, the firms are invited to consider energy efficiency investments as a concrete way of improving both their markups and the loyalty of their customers. |
| Keywords: | green investment, markup, market power, instrumental variable |
| JEL: | Q56 L11 D22 C36 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.05 |
| By: | Ignacio Guajardo (University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, United States) |
| Abstract: | Freight tonnage transported in the U.S. is projected to grow by 1.6% annually between 2023 and 2050 (Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2024). The electrification of truck freight transportation is essential for meeting emission reduction targets (Hoehne et al. 2023). The prospect of widespread battery electric truck adoption has continued to improve due to public and private investment, technology advancement, cost-benefit enhancement, and policy support. The implications for South Texas are significant due to the region’s strategic geographic location and reliance on the freight industry. Recent research has shown that electric freight vehicles enable substantial cost and environmental advantages compared to diesel alternatives (Phadke et al. 2021). Limited charging infrastructure and high initial costs present significant barriers to the adoption of electric freight trucks in South Texas. This paper explores the economic and logistical challenges to electric freight truck adoption in South Texas and discusses the implications for policymakers to consider, including strategies for improving infrastructure, reducing costs, and supporting industry adoption. Solving the challenges of infrastructure and technological advancement is crucial for realizing the full potential of electric freight in South Texas, both operationally and economically. This paper highlights the need for greater coordination among industry leaders, policymakers, and regulators to address these barriers, paving the way for a successful transition and setting a model for future freight transportation. |
| Keywords: | Freight electrification, charging infrastructure, sustainable transportation, electric trucks |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0461 |
| By: | Johannes Emmerling (CMCC - Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna]); Ulrike Kornek (CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Université Christian-Albrechts de Kiel); Stéphane Zuber (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | Welfare, Multidimensional, Climate scenarios, Substitutability |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04524550 |
| By: | Ragasa, Catherine; Kyle, Jordan; Yasmin, Sabina; Pande, Harshita; Sharma, Aanshi; Basu, Sampurna; Najjar, Dina |
| Abstract: | Women’s equal participation and leadership in political and public life can boost a country’s long-term economic growth, foster social inclusion, and help countries reach the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Beyond these important outcomes, women’s inclusion in public life is a basic human right: Women deserve a role in making decisions, controlling resources, and shaping policies. Despite the importance of women’s voices and their empowerment in policy and decision-making processes, available metrics show that women’s policy and political empowerment remains low. Moreover, these metrics are inadequate in systematically tracking women’s voices and empowerment across different levels of decision-making. IFPRI developed an assessment framework—Women’s Empowerment in Agrifood Governance (WEAGov)—to assess women’s voices and empowerment in national policy processes in agrifood systems. This paper presents results from the pilot testing of WEAGov in India from January to March 2024. In this paper, we present how the WEAGov tool works in the Indian context, analyze trends in the data that we collected during the pilot, and provide an overview of the status of women’s voices and empowerment in the agrifood policy process as of March 2024. The pilot testing in India provides useful lessons on improving the measurement of these outcomes and offers valuable policy insights on critical entry points for increasing women’s voices and empowerment in the national agrifood policy process, design, implementation, and evaluation. |
| Keywords: | women's empowerment; gender; agrifood systems; governance; policies; measurement; Asia; Southern Asia; India |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2313 |
| By: | Nguyen, Trang; Termeer, Emma; Berkhout, Ezra; Mekonnen, Daniel Ayalew; Dijkxhoorn, Youri; de Steenhuijsen Pieters, Bart |
| Abstract: | In most low and middle-income countries (LMICs) the food system falls short in providing sufficient amounts of healthy foods to a burgeoning population. The growing awareness of how food systems are stressing planetary boundaries and failing to provide sustainable healthy diets and livelihoods has prompted the widespread call to transform the global food system (Béné 2022; FAO et al. 2020, 2024; Webb et al. 2020). Transforming food systems requires engaging various groups of actors with diverse perspectives and challenges (Leeuwis et al. 2021), including setting up alliances with the informal sector (Brouwer & Ruben 2021) and a strengthened focus on the role of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). Globally, MSMEs represent about 90 percent of all businesses and account for 60 to 70 percent of employment and 50 percent of GDP. In the current food system, by being present at all value chain stages and better linking small-scale farmers to markets, MSMEs can offer affordable food to both urban and rural areas, create jobs and opportunities for young and female entrepreneurs, and support sustainable, circular food practices (IFAD 2021). These promises can be fulfilled if certain barriers that can hinder their contributions, such as high rates of food loss and waste (FLW), food safety concerns, and the uncertain informal context in which the majority of them operate are addressed (Termeer et al. 2024). |
| Keywords: | food systems; small and medium enterprises; sustainability; healthy diets; value chains; fruits; vegetables; food environment; markets; Benin; Ethiopia; Philippines; Tanzania; Vietnam; Western Africa; Eastern Africa; South-eastern Asia; Africa; Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168852 |
| By: | Jan Fagerberg (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway. Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) |
| Abstract: | The concern about the current generation’s overuse of the earth’s resources, at the expense of the well-being of future generations, is not new. Already half a century ago, there was a very vivid debate about this issue. A thorough assessment was made in 1975 by the Romanian-American scholar Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen in an article entitled “Energy and Economic Myths”, commonly acknowledged as one of the main sources of inspiration of the so-called “degrowth” literature. However, it is argued that it would be a misunderstanding to see Georgescu-Roegen as an advocate of “degrowth” (or alternatively a stationary economy) as appropriate strategies to save mankind from environmental and resource challenges. Georgescu-Roegen’s advice was not to stop economic development, or advocate for harsh sacrifices by those living today. Rather what he suggested was to overhaul the working of the global economy (and the policies associated with it) so that the world becomes a more equitable place, nature (threatened species) is better protected (to our own benefit), and the harm to future generations becomes as small as possible. A key element in making this possible, according to Georgescu-Roegen, was transitioning from a fossil-fuel driven to a solar-powered economy. It is argued that Georgescu-Roegen’s approach (and program) is indeed very relevant for contemporary discussions of how to deal with important challenges facing both the present and, not the least, future generations. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20250210 |
| By: | Bryan Bollinger; Kenneth Gillingham; A. Justin Kirkpatrick |
| Abstract: | Individuals trade present for future consumption across a range of economic behaviors, and this tradeoff may differ across socioeconomic groups. To assess these tradeoffs, we estimate a dynamic model of residential solar adoption and system sizing in California using household-level data on solar irradiance, electricity consumption, and electricity rates that offer plausibly exogenous variation in the future benefits from adopting relative to upfront costs. We find implicit discount rates of 15.3%, 13.8%, and 10.0% for low-, medium-, and high-wealth households. Counterfactual simulations demonstrate opportunities to reduce the regressivity of solar adoption, increase policy cost-effectiveness, and improve welfare for low-wealth households. |
| Keywords: | solar, discount rates, energy policy, distributional impacts, dynamic discrete choice models |
| JEL: | L94 Q48 H23 D12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11627 |
| By: | Marc Bénard (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Margaux Robert (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Caroline Méjean (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Benjamin Allès (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pauline Paolassini Guesnier (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); France Bellisle (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Fabrice Etilé (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Gérard Reach (Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] - AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)); Serge Hercberg (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP] - AP-HP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)); Mathilde Touvier (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sandrine Péneau (EREN [CRESS - U1153 / UMR_A 1125] - Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team | Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A 1125) - Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics | Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistiques - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Objectives: Consideration of future consequences (CFC) distinguishes individuals who adopt behaviors based on immediate needs and concerns from individuals who consider the future consequences of their behaviors. We aimed to assess the association between CFC and diet, and testing the mediating role of food choice motives on this relationship. Design: Individuals (age≥18 years) completed the CFC-12 questionnaire in 2014, at least three 24-h dietary records, and a food choice motive questionnaire. A multiple mediator analysis allowed to assess the mediating effect of food choice motives on the cross-sectional association between CFC and diet, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Setting: Data from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. Participants: 27, 330 participants. Results: CFC was associated with all food choice motives (P < 0.001), with the strongest positive associations for avoidance for environmental reasons, absence of contaminants and health motives, and the strongest negative associations for innovation and convenience). Positive total effects were found between CFC and the consumption of healthy food groups (fruits and vegetables, whole-grain foods, legumes); and negative total effects for alcohol, meat and poultry and processed meat (P < 0.001). CFC was positively associated with diet quality (P < 0.001). Across food groups, major mediators of these relationships were higher health (8.4-32.6%), higher environmental (13.7-22.1 %) and lower innovation (7.3-25.1 %) concerns. Conclusions: CFC was associated with healthier dietary intake, essentially mediated by a greater motivation of future-oriented participants for self-centered and altruistic outcomes, including health and environment. Focusing on the awareness of future benefits in public health interventions might lead to healthier dietary behaviors. |
| Keywords: | Consideration of future consequences, Food intake, Food choice motives, Adults, France |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04447169 |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; The Anh, Dao; Tho, Pham Thi Hanh |
| Abstract: | The food environment represents the place in which demand for food meets supply—consumers purchase foods in the food environment, while retailers of the food consumers purchase represent the end of the value chain. In many countries, the food environment is undergoing rapid change as economies grow and populations urbanize; a consequence is that a larger share of food consumed is purchased by the end consumer (de Bruin and Holleman 2023). Viet Nam is no different. Viet Nam’s growing and urbanizing economy has, over time, led to a changing food environment. This note focuses on one type of retailer in Viet Nam’s food environment: the small grocery. We define small groceries as stores that are not supermarkets, are not part of a chain, and have a fixed storefront from which they do business on a daily or near daily basis. These stores play a small but important role in Viet Nam’s food environment, particularly in rural areas, and as we will demonstrate, almost all these groceries sell at least one component of a sustainable healthy diet. As a result, what they sell could help play a role in improving the diets of Viet Nam’s population. To focus on learning more about small groceries, this note makes use of two datasets. One is a listing exercise that enumerated all the businesses selling food in sampled wards of three districts: Dong Da, in urban Ha Noi; Dong Anh, which is in peri-urban Ha Noi; and Moc Chau, which is a rural district northwest of Ha Noi. The second survey used the first survey as a sample frame, and was specifically designed to learn about the constraints and opportunities that micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) face in considering selling more healthy foods (Ceballos et al. 2023). Small groceries are one type of business in the food environment, and all can be considered MSMEs. |
| Keywords: | food environment; food consumption; sustainability; nutrition; health; small and medium enterprises; Asia; South-eastern Asia; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168651 |
| By: | Rukanova, Boriana; Lennartz, Jelmer; Agahari, Wirawan (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Schmid, Jonathan; Ubacht, Jolien; Tan, Yao Hua; Rietveld, Elmer; Chirvasuta, Theodor |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:21ee8acc-b6cf-46ac-8c0e-7c579b04da49 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Perez, Carlota |
| Abstract: | Green is now emerging, albeit not fast enough, as a new direction shaping innovation, investment and lifestyles. Indeed, the requirements of the green transformation give rise to the emergence of entirely new technologies, and it changes the parameters of competitiveness across industry, agriculture and services. These changes have profound implications for latecomer development, both positive and negative. The identification of strategies for seizing opportunities and overcoming challenges in the green economy is a central concern for policy makers and business managers alike. We argue that the theoretical framework of techno-economic paradigms shifts is particularly useful for understanding the dynamics of large-scale transformation and its associated institutional change. To fully grasp the nature of the green transformation, it is necessary to take a step back and locate it in relation to the history of technological revolutions and their regular patterns of diffusion. In this respect, we argue that the ongoing debate about the green transformation and latecomer development must consider two key conditions. First, it must recognize that the green transformation is primarily a direction-driven phenomenon, shaped by aspirational, political, and institutional changes, rather than a technology-driven phenomenon per se. Second, it must acknowledge the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) not only to accelerate and deepen the green transition itself but also to foster latecomer development within it. |
| JEL: | O44 Q55 O38 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024001 |
| By: | Stéphane Gauthier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Fanny Henriet (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We consider optimal anonymous consumption taxes in situations where the magnitude of an externality varies with individuals who cause it. For instance, urban fuel consumers generate greater pollution damages compared to rural consumers, but both groups are subjected to the same fuel tax. We provide a condition for the validity of the targeting principle, where external concerns are only addressed through the tax imposed on the commodity responsible for the externality. When this condition holds, one can separate the equity/efficiency and environmental components of this tax. An illustration suggests that Pigovian considerations explain most of the fuel tax in France. |
| Keywords: | Targeting principle, Local externality, Pollution, Pigovian tax, Consumption taxes, Fuel, Budget de famille |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04331432 |
| By: | Namugumya, Brenda S.; Abedin, Jainal; Herens, Marion |
| Abstract: | Strengthening the multidisciplinary capabilities necessary to accelerate food systems transformation has garnered increased interest over the past decade. A capabilities assessment was done with the Strategic Partners of the CGIAR Research Initiative on Sustainable Healthy Diets through Food Systems Transformation in Bangladesh to understand their abilities to facilitate transformative changes towards sustainable healthy diets. Both Strategic Partners, the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit (FPMU) and the Bangladesh National Nutrition Council (BNNC), have long histories and well-established structures for collaboration and coordination with diverse stakeholders to realize the nutrition-focused (BNNC) and the food-related (FPMU) ambitions of the Government of Bangladesh. They are engaged in food and/or nutrition policy development, governance of the sectors, and monitoring progress at both national and sub-national levels. Using a capability assessment tool tailored to capturing food systems transformation capabilities at organizational level, the capabilities to deliver results and adapt and self-renew were the highest scored for FPMU. BNNC scored more on the capabilities to achieve coherence and to relate to support food systems transformation higher. However, food systems transformation and sustainable healthy diets emerged as relatively new concepts in both organizations. It was acknowledged that whereas the current mandates of BNNC and FPMU may address issues relevant for sustainable healthy diets, to date this still lacks adequate translation into the current policy development and planning operations and has no intentional prioritization. Both teams underscored the urgency to invest in human resources and institutional capacity strengthening as well as earmarking finances to pursue food systems transformation agendas. Becoming more articulated and explicit about what comprises food systems change, what are sustainable healthy diets and what could be monitored is crucial to support the Strategic Partners to have tangible actions to track. Moving from food system narratives to specific actions will facilitate understanding of what is, or needs to be, monitored. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; sustainability; healthy diets; food systems |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168013 |
| By: | Delgado, Luciana; Niyonsingiza, Josue; Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane |
| Abstract: | At the global level, awareness about the significance of food loss and waste has grown significantly over the past decade. The international community has taken the matter to hand as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and has committed to “halve the per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer level and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses†by 2030. |
| Keywords: | beans; capacity development; surveys; value chains; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:sfs4yp:2 |
| By: | Andrea Salustri (Università Sapienza di Roma - Dipartimento di Studi Giuridici ed Economici); Marco Forti (Università Sapienza di Roma - Dipartimento di Studi Giuridici ed Economici) |
| Abstract: | The crisis triggered by COVID-19 has resulted in an appreciation of proximity tourism as a key factor for people’s well-being and for the economic resilience of Italy’s peripheral areas. In general, the success of proximity tourism might depend on: the relationships that tourists establish with a plurality of stakeholders; the degree of development and accessibility of the areas, especially when considering the tourism attractiveness of rural and natural areas; the contribution of culturally sustainable proximity tourism to narrow territorial and economic disparities on a local, provincial or regional scale. Against this background, the research explores the potential of the Province of Latina for culturally sustainable proximity tourism that considers the metropolitan city of Rome as its place of origin. In particular, the research answers the following questions: what are the most attractive destinations for proximity tourism from the Metropolitan City of Rome to the Province of Latina? What territorial factors can positively or negatively influence local tourism attractiveness? What benefits do local communities obtain from the development of proximity tourism from the Metropolitan City of Rome? To elaborate an answer, a multidimensional analysis is developed focusing on the construction and measurement of a composite index integrating four domains: tourist attractiveness, tourist development, economic development and territorial development. Using the data published by ISTAT at the municipal scale, integrated with other data collected through desk research, a score for the composite indicator is calculated for each municipality from the measurement of a set of elementary indicators. Based on the results obtained, policy recommendations are formulated that may contribute to identifying the role of proximity tourism in the Province of Latina as part of a culturally sustainable local development process. |
| Keywords: | culturally sustainable proximity tourism, tourism attractiveness, territorial and economic development, Province of Latina |
| JEL: | L8 Z32 O18 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gfe:pfrp00:00068 |
| By: | Laura Angresius; Milena Buchs; Alessia Greselin; Daniel W. O'Neill |
| Abstract: | Providing wellbeing for all while safeguarding planetary boundaries may require governments to pursue post-growth policies. Previous empirical studies of sustainable wellbeing initiatives investigating enablers of and barriers to post-growth policymaking are either based on a small number of empirical cases or lack an explicit analytical framework. To better understand how post-growth policymaking could be fostered, we investigate 29 initiatives across governance scales in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada. We apply a framework that distinguishes polity, politics, and policy to analyze the data. We find that the main enablers and barriers relate to the economic growth paradigm, the organization of government, attitudes towards policymaking, political strategies, and policy tools and outcomes. Engaging in positive framings of post-growth visions to change narratives and building broad-based alliances could act as drivers. However, initiatives face a tension between the need to connect to broad audiences and a risk of co-optation by depolitization. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17600 |
| By: | BENCZUR Peter (European Commission - JRC); BOSKOVIC Ana (European Commission - JRC); GIOVANNINI Enrico; PAGANO Andrea (European Commission - JRC); SANDOR Alina-Mihaela (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Announced in the 2023 Strategic Foresight Report of the Commission, the sustainable and inclusive wellbeing initiative recognizes the usefulness of GDP but also the need for complimentary indicators to fully capture all aspects of the quality of life, inclusiveness, and sustainability. One of its main objectives is to develop a multidimensional dashboard, which integrates existing tools and frameworks into a set of indicators that provide a holistic view of the wellbeing of people and the planet. This development involved a rigorous process in an inter-service working group, narrowing down over a thousand potential measures to a comprehensive dashboard of 140 and eventually 50 indicators. Besides documenting the process, this report presents some preliminary analyses based on the dashboard of 50 indicators and corresponding synthetic indices. The analysis shows that the state of wellbeing and its components in the European Union varies across Member States, presenting important examples of a decoupling of wellbeing from income. While there is a general correlation between economic prosperity and wellbeing, there are notable exceptions and trade-offs between different aspects of wellbeing. In times of renewed discussions around the need to boost EU’s competitiveness, the SIWB dashboard can be a central monitoring tool to make sure that reigniting Europe’s economic engine does not become an end in itself but rather a means for delivering wellbeing to all people of the current and future generations, and to the planet. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140456 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Warner, James; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Rwanda’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Rwandan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Key findings suggest that domestic root and cereal yield volatility risks are the most important for GDP, poverty, and undernourishment outcomes, while external factors like world energy prices pose the most significant risks to high-income households’ consumption. Understanding how possible shocks would im pact various segments of the Rwandan economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | risk assessment; climate; shock; economic shock; market prices; computable general equilibrium models; machine learning; agriculture; crop yield; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:1 |
| By: | Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Nduka Vitalis Elda Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Joy Ukamaka Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Steve Emeka Emengin (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Longinus Chukwudi Odoh (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Rollins Chiyem Iyadi (Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on capacity development for small-scale women entrepreneurs in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. Findings – The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicate that though, a meagre part of the CSR intervention are targeted specifically for capacity empowerment of women, the CSR of the MOCs using the GMoU model has recorded little but significant success in building capacity of women in the areas of enhancing educational status, reduction in socio-economic barriers, access to credit, starting personal business enterprises, undertaking paid employment, and generally enhancing means of livelihoods. Practical implications – This suggests that if CSR interventions are not tailored to enhanced opportunities for women, they may contribute towards reducing the participation of women in economic, political and social development and, by extension, damping efforts of reducing poverty and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Niger Delta. Social implications – This implies that the private sector, generally, can play an important role in addressing some of the logistical and cultural challenges that face rural women, and promote gender diversity and more equal access to economic opportunity through the CSR programmes in host communities. Originality/value – This research contributes to the inequality debate in small-scale entrepreneurship and inclusive growth literature from the CSR perspective. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender equality, small-scale entrepreneurs, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:24/014 |
| By: | Grimm, Sven; van der Merwe, Reon; Barole, Nitish; Atchikiti, Isaac; Attipoe, Esinam; Chebaane, Olfa; Djigo, Mamadou; Giri, Tuhinsubhra; Peng, Si; Tembo, Danai J. |
| Abstract: | "The youth" is an important group in the context of policy-making for sustainability. During these formative years, young adults make life choices, establish habits and engage in activities that will shape their lives in terms of health, wealth, political affiliation, social values, religion, and so on, and shape their immediate communities, societies and the world in the long run. The term "sustainability" means safeguarding opportunities for future generations. Including the up-and-coming generation is thus an important bridge into the future. Definitions of youth vary: the United Nations defines youth as those between the ages of 15 and 24 years, while the African Union's range is 15 to 35. It is essential for sustainability to recognise the complex nature of youth beyond being a liminal phase between childhood and adulthood. Rather, recognition as a global demographic group is important both normatively and practically. The way youth are studied, engaged, included and enabled to progress in society will ultimately determine the long-term success of sustainable development. The youth need to be better involved in policy- and decision-making. Their ideas, interests and perspectives are crucial, as innovations are in urgent demand for a transformation to sustainability and cannot wait for gradual generational changes. Recommendations: Political and economic leaders need to provide a positive perspective and seek new alliances for sustainable ways of life, so that younger generations see opportunities to engage with their future. The youth's ideas, interests and innovations are needed in an inter-generational discourse in the quest to speed up transformation towards sustainability. Youth engagement requires moving beyond token representation, both in national processes and in the international sphere. An expansion of civic education, creation of inclusive spaces for political dialogue and linking economic empowerment to political participation are needed. Any public policy discourse on youth should avoid oversimplification. While a generational view ("Gen Z") allows for better inclusion of defining circumstances and communalities, it is certainly not a comprehensive explanation for individual behaviour. Different contexts matter.Technology, a defining element of the younger generations, presents a dual-edged narrative. It empowers youth by providing (transnational) avenues for activism, economic participation and education. Yet, the pervasive digital divide, cybersecurity vulnerabilities and unsustainable digital consumption requires balanced and inclusive policies. Educational reforms, discussed in light of technological changes, need to follow holistic principles. Youth need space to develop skills, for individual success and to ensure democratic participation. Beyond technical knowledge, interpersonal and intercultural skills are needed to navigate and shape a "glocal" world. |
| Keywords: | Youth, participation, sustainability, HSC |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:309586 |
| By: | Kene Boun My; Quang-Huy Nguyen; Phu Nguyen-Van; Thi Kim Cuong Pham; Anne Stenger; Tuyen Tiet; Nguyen To-The |
| Abstract: | This study uses a quantitative approach based on a discrete choice experiment with 586 farmers in Northern Vietnam to measure how representative market and non-market factors could influence their preferences for participating in organic certification schemes. Our results suggest that a sales contract with either flexible or guaranteed prices is a significant incentive to explain their willingness to pay higher production costs to be involved in organic certification schemes. Furthermore, providing farmers with training and technical support is also essential to motivate farmers toward organic agriculture. Finally, neighborhood cooperatives and formal leaders' participation in organic certification could encourage farmers to convert to organic agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Discrete choice experiment; Organic certification; Farmers' preferences; Leadership; Role of network |
| JEL: | C93 D10 Q00 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2025-6 |
| By: | Sacha den Nijs (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Mark Thissen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | Resilience and competitiveness in relation to fossil energy dependencies is of increasing concern to industries and policy makers. We investigate to what extent the competitive position of industries in European regions are sensitive to changes in fossil fuel prices, and whether reductions in gas use along the value chain may increase regional industry resilience. A new spatial revealed cost competition model based on the input-output price model is used and calibrated to multi-regional world input-output tables on an EU NUTS 2 level. We obtain elasticities of fossil fuel prices on revealed cost competitiveness and analyze how they are affected by increased efficiency and electrification in production. We show that European regions are resilient to global coal price increases, whereas they are vulnerable to gas price shocks. The transition towards using less gas in production, by efficiency improvements or electrification, can reduce these gas price vulnerabilities. However, when competitors become more efficient instead, the vulnerability to such shocks may increase. Decarbonizing upstream sectors like electricity generation in the own region, own country or in Europe, can increase resilience of downstream industrial sectors in most European regions. |
| Keywords: | Competitiveness, regional resilience, fossil fuels, energy efficiency, global value chains, input-output analysis |
| JEL: | F18 Q41 R11 R15 |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240061 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Duchoslav, Jan; Kankwamba, Henry; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Malawi’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Malawian Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simu late a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the un certainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernour ishment). Key findings suggest that domestic cereals and oilseeds yield volatility risks are the most important for the uncertainty of total GDP and consumption across all household types except rural low-income households. Rural low-income households’ consumption and poverty are exposed to a wide range of risks, including produc tivity volatility of livestock, yield volatility of oilseeds, cereals, and vegetables and world market price of beverage crops. Finally, for undernourishment outcomes, volatility in the yields of staple cereals is the dominant risk factor for all household types. Understanding how possible shocks would impact various segments of the Malawian economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; poverty; nutrition; crop yield; machine learning; climate; Malawi; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:3 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Bangladesh’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Bangladesh Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various shock scenarios sampled using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market price uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Our findings suggest that potential variation in Bangladesh’s GDP ranges from +0.8 to -1.0 percent to baseline, with domestic climate shocks accounting for 53.7 percent of uncertainty, and remaining 41.7 percent are explained by the volatility of world market prices and Foreign Exchange (FX) flows. At the same time, private con sumption is more uncertain (from +4.0 to -3.5 percent to base), and external factors are the most important risk contributors (70.1 percent is world prices and 2.9 percent is FX flows). Similarly, external factors contribute roughly two-thirds to the potential variation of national poverty and undernourishment rates that fluctuate from -2.4 to +1.8 and –2.2 to +1.9 relative to the baseline rates percentage points respectively. Understanding how potential shocks might impact various segments of the Bangladesh economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating a discussion on risk mitigation strategies that include increasing sectoral productivity or diversifying production to reduce reliance on high-risk sectors. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; machine learning; climate change; Asia; Southern Asia; Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:6 |
| By: | Soete, Luc (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Stierna, Johan |
| Abstract: | This paper offers a Schumpeterian perspective on the policy responses to the current polycrisis environment, the European Union (EU) finds itself confronted with. Joseph Schumpeter developed most of his insights into long-term economic and political development while being confronted himself with major transformative, societal changes: political, economic and technological ones. From this perspective, the current turbulent times of rising geo-political tensions, unsustainable development resulting in out-of-control climate change and declining biodiversity, and widespread application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), have a lot in common with the period in which Schumpeter developed his thoughts and hence might benefit from a closer look at those Schumpeterian insights. Times of turbulence require transformative policies integrating various policy areas. However, while ‘transformation’ will often be perceived as essential at a global level: “transform or be transformed”, it w ill also be understood by citizens living in concrete places as a threat or a sudden unexpected confrontation with new uncertainties. In this context, ‘places’ need to become increasingly recognized as important for industrial policy, just as they are for climate, energy, agriculture, and innovation policy. The analysis presented here highlights following Schumpeter’s insights, the need for an open industrial transformation approach less based on old, national industrial policy notions but adopting a new vision on the role of place-based industrial innovation in strengthening Europe’s long-term resilience to political, economic and technological change. |
| JEL: | F63 L52 N74 O25 P19 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023022 |
| By: | TSURUMI Tetsuya; MIZOBUCHI Hideyuki; KUMAGAI Junya; MANAGI Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | In discussions of "Beyond GDP, " it has been pointed out that GDP, which is used as a proxy indicator of economic wealth, does not necessarily lead to an increase in subjective well-being. Therefore, the importance of factors other than GDP is being debated. This study focuses on education and health, which are indicators of human capital that have recently garnered attention; in addition to income, which is a proxy indicator of economic wealth. Using survey data targeting individuals, the study measures the differences in subjective well-being between individuals, given their levels of income, education, and health. Previous research has revealed differences in "happiness efficiency" across countries. However, in assessing the determinants of "happiness efficiency, " prior research has only examined differences in terms of age, gender, economic situation, and social capital. Considering the discussion around planetary boundaries, a concept related to the environmental limits on the Earth, the current consumption levels in developed countries are unsustainable. Therefore, the issue of "how to increase happiness with limited resources" becomes crucial. This study not only measures individuals' "happiness efficiency" but also aims to identify factors that enhance it, in order to explore ways to increase subjective wellbeing while achieving sustainable development. The determinants of "happiness efficiency" that this study examines include the factors listed in the "OECD Better Life Index" as well as "non-materialistic perspectives.". The analysis revealed that improvements in work styles, a non-materialistic mindset and the presence of natural capital significantly increase "happiness efficiency." |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:25004 |
| By: | Glauber, Joseph W.; Mamun, Abdullah |
| Abstract: | Rice is a major food crop supplying, on average, 516 kcal per capita per day or roughly 17.3% of total calories consumed globally in 2022. Rice production and consumption is concentrated in Asia though rice has grown as an important staple crop outside of Asia. Sub-Saharan Africa currently accounts for 7 percent of global rice consumption but account for over 28 percent of total rice imports. Rice is a thinly traded crop compared to other staples like wheat and maize. Rice imports account for about 10 percent of total consumption today but import penetration is expected to grow to about 11 percent by 2033. India is the world’s largest exporter accounting for about 40 percent of total exports in recent years. Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam and the United States account for an additional 40 percent of world exports. Mid-range projections for the next 10 years suggest that trends in place will likely continue. Yields are assumed to keep pace with global consumption trends. Sub-Saharan Africa will account for a significant share of the overall growth in consumption. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecasts that Sub-Saharan Africa will account for 27 percent of the growth in global rice consumption and 47 percent of the growth in global imports over the next 10 years. Climate and government distortions remain the single largest vulnerabilities to the rice market. Because of the large concentration of rice production in South and Southeast Asia, crop production is vulnerable to El Niño and other climatic events like the Indian Ocean Dipole which can bring hot and dry weather and disrupt the monsoon season. Since rice is so thinly traded, market restrictions imposed by one of more of the major exporting countries can cause large price impacts. In 2007/08, export bans affected as much as 80 percent of rice trade which caused global prices to almost triple. In July 2023, India imposed export restrictions fearing that domestic production would be harmed by a developing El Nino event. Global rice prices rose by 30 percent as a result. Importing countries bore much of the brunt of those increases, particularly poorer countries in the rice-importing areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. Other potential vulnerabilities include logistical issues, particularly bottlenecks in the major shipping lanes of Asia. |
| Keywords: | climate; rice; risk; trade; vulnerability |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2310 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Thurlow, James; Dorosh, Paul A.; Jones, Eleanor |
| Abstract: | This study explores Nepal’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. Our analysis is based on an empirically based estimation of the probability distribution of these shocks and a machine learning summary of several thousand simulations of their impacts using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model for Nepal. In this way, we are able to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Our findings indicate that, given the very high import intensity of the economy, world market price and foreign exchange (FX) flow volatility have the largest impacts on household welfare (consumption, poverty and undernourishment). However, domestic yield volatility, especially cereal yield volatility, is the most important risk to Nepal’s GDP. However, Overall, these findings suggest that risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors, can have major benefits for Nepal’s households and the overall economy. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; poverty; nutrition; crop yield; machine learning; climate; Malawi; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:5 |
| By: | Melissa Chow; Martha Stinson |
| Abstract: | The Business Dynamics Statistics of Coastal Counties (BDS-CC) is a new experimental data product extending the set of statistics published by the Business Dynamics Statistics (BDS) program to provide more detail on businesses operating in coastal regions of the United States. The BDS-CC provides annual measures of employment, the number of establishments and firms, job creation, job destruction, openings, and closings for businesses in Coastal Shoreline (CS), Coastal Non-Shoreline (CNS), and Non-Coastal (NC) counties. Counties are grouped into these categories based on definitions from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This product allows for comparisons across industries and coastal regions of the impact of natural disasters and other events that affect coastal areas. The BDS-CC series provides annual statistics for 1978 to 2022 for each of the coastal categories by firm size and firm age, initial firm size, establishment size and establishment age, initial establishment size, sector, 3-digit NAICS code, 4-digit NAICS code, urban/rural categories, and various coastal regions. Following a description of the data and methodology, we highlight some historical trends and analyses conducted using these data. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-08 |
| By: | James Henry Padilla DeBorst (University Aurel Vlaicu of Arad, Romania) |
| Abstract: | This article critiques the dominant "development" paradigm, which perpetuates colonial structures, ecological degradation, and socio-economic inequalities. The essay introduces an alternative vision called "levelment, " rooted in biblical principles of justice, sufficiency, and interdependence. Four critical movements for achieving levelment are outlined: transitioning from growth to rest and care for creation, embracing downward self-giving to redistribute privilege, practicing debt forgiveness to challenge predatory systems, and fostering polyvision to counter monocultural perspectives. Drawing on scriptural themes, we envision a collective effort by diverse communities to restore balance and pursue shalom. This paradigm challenges the current development narrative, offering a pathway toward sustainability, equity, and reconciliation in a world gripped by poly-crisis. This framework provides a foundation for reimagining global justice, calling for shared responsibility and collective transformation grounded in theological and ethical principles. |
| Keywords: | development, justice, shalom, sustainability, downward mobility, debt forgiveness, biblical ethics, economic discipleship |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0482 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Mbuthia, Juneweenex; Omune, Lensa; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Kenya’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Kenyan Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data to capture domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices uncertainty for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of economic outcomes (gross domestic product [GDP], private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment). Key findings suggest that domestic yield volatility is the key risk factor for GDP and urban consumption and poverty, while external risks, particularly world beverage crop prices, are more significant for rural consumption and poverty. As the majority of those below the poverty line are rural farmers, world beverage price volatility is the top risk for national poverty levels. Finally, for undernourishment outcomes, domestic cereal yield volatility is the dominant risk factor for all household types. Understanding how possible shocks would impact various segments of the Kenyan economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating discussions on relevant risk mitigation strategies, such as increasing average crop yields, adopting technologies and practices that narrow yield uncertainties, or diversifying production away from risky crops and sectors. |
| Keywords: | climate; shock; market prices; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; crop yield; poverty; nutrition; machine learning; risk assessment; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:2 |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Mekonnen, Dawit Kelemework; Arega, Tiruwork; Ringler, Claudia; Bryan, Elizabeth; Yami, Mastewal; Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum; Wondwosen, Abenezer |
| Abstract: | Between 2017 and 2021, the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA) of the United States Agency for International Development supported public works in the areas of watershed rehabilitation and small-scale irrigation under Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP). The investments aimed to improve food security and nutrition and to increase the resilience capacities of households through improved natural resource systems and asset development. However, there is little evidence about how these water-related investments supported household food security, nutritional outcomes, and resilience. This study used a mixed-methods approach to fill some of these knowledge gaps. Econometric results show that households in BHA intervention areas had smaller food gaps, and this association is statistically significant. Similarly, households that adopted small-scale irrigation and water harvesting techniques on their own plots show significantly better nutritional outcomes than those that did not. The results further suggest that in general the households in BHA areas are more resilient than those in non-BHA woredas. However, higher resilience capacities are associated with agricultural water management on own plots rather than with public works in communal lands. Thus, if household security, nutrition and resilience are key goals of program interventions, then programs need to grow intentionality in developing assets, and particularly irrigation. |
| Keywords: | public works; public investment; watershed management; small-scale irrigation; nutrition; resilience; social safety nets; food security; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2308 |
| By: | Mark Orsag (European and Interdisciplinary History, Doane University, Nebraska, USA); Amanda E. McKinney (Bellevue University/Beatrice Community Hospital, Beatrice, Nebraska, USA) |
| Abstract: | This interdisciplinary article examines interconnected issues of human and planetary health related to diet, disease, social organization, agricultural production, resource depletion and environmental damage. Largely egalitarian diets and lifestyles characterized prehistoric hunter-gatherer cultures. The Roman Empire serves as an example of the ultimate direct outcome of the Neolithic Revolution. As with the interconnected Mediterranean World of the Roman Empire in the second-third centuries CE, pandemic disease has likewise struck our third stage, the modern industrialized United States, in two centuries running. Prophylactic medical techniques, however, have brought these outbreaks under control more rapidly. The hyperabundant products of modern agriculture and the advances of highly technological medical care have extended lifespans of twenty-first century Americans far beyond those characteristics of the two earlier eras. Certain interconnected human and planetary limits, however, appear to have been reached. Recently, US life expectancy has “shockingly declined†to a mere 76.4 years amidst an upsurge in diet-linked chronic diseases. |
| Keywords: | Diet, Lifestyle, Prehistory, Roman Empire, Modern World |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0436 |
| By: | Menéndez de Medina, Maria (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance); Pietrobelli, Carlo (RS: UNU-MERIT); Valverde Carbonell, Jorge (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn) |
| Abstract: | Minerals' criticality and countries' mining competitiveness are two dimensions that have gained relevance in the economic and policy agenda due to the key role of minerals in the energy transition. To a certain extent, these product-country dimensions can be seen as two faces of the same coin, which intertwine and simultaneously co-determine each other. Therefore, economic complexity techniques appear as a useful methodology to simultaneously estimate both dimensions. This paper employs economic complexity techniques to build an unsupervised Fitness-Criticality algorithm, that allows simultaneously estimating countries' mining competitiveness (Fitness Mining Index) and minerals' criticality (Criticality Minerals Index). Our indexes are efficient in terms of the set of information employed, and do not rely on subjective perspectives and assessments. The results of the estimates suggest that South Africa, Russia, the United States, Norway, Canada, Australia and Chile are the most competitive countries. Moreover, the Platinum Group Metals, Lithium, Silicon and Rare Earths appear as the most critical minerals. These results are consistent with other methodologies employed by different organizations that separately estimate both dimensions and derive countries’ and minerals’ rankings. |
| JEL: | Q30 Q37 O13 |
| Date: | 2023–07–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023025 |
| By: | Simone Serafini; Giacomo Bormetti |
| Abstract: | Leveraging a unique dataset of carbon futures option prices traded on the ICE market from December 2015 until December 2020, we present the results from an unprecedented calibration exercise. Within a multifactor stochastic volatility framework with jumps, we employ a three-dimensional pricing kernel compensating for equity and variance components' risk to derive an analytically tractable and numerically practical approach to pricing. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide an estimate of the equity and variance risk premia for the carbon futures option market. We gain insights into daily option and futures dynamics by exploiting the information from tick-by-tick futures trade data. Decomposing the realized measure of futures volatility into continuous and jump components, we employ them as auxiliary variables for estimating futures dynamics via indirect inference. Our approach provides a realistic description of carbon futures price, volatility, and jump dynamics and an insightful understanding of the carbon option market. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17490 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Diao, Xinshen; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Zambia’s vulnerability to economic and climatic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Zambian Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data on domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of these outcomes. We find that Zambia’s economy is predominantly exposed to external risks, with foreign capital flows and world market price volatility together accounting for approximately three-fourths of potential variations in GDP, private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment. Domestic agricultural yield volatilities contribute the remaining one-fourth. The current structure of the Zambian economy underpins these results. While agriculture is the most uncertain sector, its relatively small contribution to GDP limits its economywide and macroeconomic impacts. Instead, export earnings from copper and foreign exchange capital flows play a much more significant role in shaping Zambia's economic risks and their social and economic impacts. Understanding how potential shocks might impact various segments of the Zambian economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating a discussion on risk mitigation strategies that include increasing sectoral productivity or diversifying production to reduce reliance on high-risk sectors. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; exports; climate; machine learning; Zambia; Africa; Southern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:4 |
| By: | Monica Barahona-Varon; Toker Doganoglu; Lukasz Grzybowski |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the determinants of individuals’ awareness of EU Energy Labels and the extent to which these labels influence their purchase decisions for electric appliances. The analysis is based on Eurobarometer survey data from 27, 438 individuals across 28 EU Member States in 2019. Specifically, we explore the role of socioeconomic characteristics such as age, gender, education, financial stability, and political engagement. Our findings indicate that individual characteristics have a stronger effect on the influence of labels on purchase decisions than on label awareness. However, significant heterogeneity across countries persists, even after controlling for individual characteristics. Using our model, we perform three exercises in which we assume a policymaker can either increase label awareness among all unaware individuals or target specific demographic groups. We demonstrate the resulting impact on the share of individuals whose purchase decisions are influenced by the labels. The results reveal that, even when label awareness is at its highest level, it does not necessarily lead to substantially greater influence on purchasing decisions in certain countries. |
| Keywords: | European Green Deal, Ecodesign Directive, energy-efficiency |
| JEL: | D12 Q41 Q48 C83 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11637 |
| By: | Siewers, Samuel |
| Abstract: | Building upon the argument that factor endowments influence distributional outcomes, this paper examines the consequences of the China shock to global food markets for economic inequality in Brazilian municipalities from 1985 to 2020. I propose a new identification strategy that exploits plausibly exogenous variation in demand for soybeans based on fluctuations in the size of the pig stock in China and show that the proceeds of this China-driven agricultural bonanza have been rather unequally distributed. The soy boom has fueled land consolidation and economic inequality, especially in places dominated by large-scale mechanized agriculture. Income gains have been mostly limited to the top deciles of the distribution, while the poorest segments of the population have become worse off. Additionally, there is evidence that the more unequal a municipality, the more deforestation and rural conflict increase as soy expands. |
| Keywords: | inequality, soybeans, Brazil, China shock, deforestation, conflict, sustainability, supply chains |
| JEL: | D63 F63 O13 Q17 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cegedp:310313 |
| By: | Jean-Marc Bonnisseau (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Alain Chateauneuf (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Jean-Pierre Drugeon (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This article is interested in future allocations of scarce resources in an environment where upper bounds and lower bounds are fixed on the stream of consumptions or extractions of the scarce resource. It is shown that we can compute the optimal planning of consumptions independently from an explicit sequence of discounting factors as soon as they are decreasing at a rate smaller than a bound linked to the concavity of the utility function and the choice of the sequences of lower and upper bounds. The optimal solution is unique and exhibits two regimes with a pivotal period in the middle. Therefore, one gets plans satisfying some kind of intergenerational fairness: while the highest e ort is supported by the first generations, it then decreases for the remaining ones. The argument is then extended to partially renewable resources. Finally, we consider the role of the horizon and of a potential regret after a revision for the bounds. |
| Keywords: | intertemporal allocation, scarce or renewable resources, multiple regimes, discount rates, fairness |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-04916616 |
| By: | Manstetten, Reiner; Faber, Malte |
| Abstract: | Ecological economists met regularly with Vatican staff via Zoom in a Circle of Ecological Economic Elders (CoEEE) in 2021 and 2022 to bring together key impulses from Pope Francis' 2015 encyclical 'Laudato sí. On Care for the Common Home', published in 2015, with their own insights. However, as a member of the CoEEE, Malte Faber often experienced during the discussions a deep divide between the teachings of the Catholic Church and the non-religious theories of the natural, economic and social sciences. This experience, which could not be adequately addressed in the CoEEE, led to the following reflections. In (2) and (3) we explain the message of Laudato si and draw attention to the shortcomings of the encyclical. The problematic position of Laudato si on the issues of liberalism and technological progress is addressed in (4). That the encyclical raises legitimate questions for today's secular world is shown in (5) and (6). (5) deals with the unresolved tension in today's global economy between the desire to have more (pleonexia) and the search for the 'good life', (6) with the encyclical's critique of the idea that people are the unrestricted masters of their future. Discourses on sustainability that call for a Great Transformation correspond to the encyclical's call for an ecological conversion. However, as shown in (7), calls for radical and rapid change often lead to a dead end because of the legacy of the past that continues to affect the present. Scientific discourses on sustainability agree with Laudato sí that it is a matter of saving the world - the question is: which world? In sections (8) to (10) we show that the world appears differently from a religious perspective than from the secular perspectives of the sciences. The motifs of sin, forgiveness and conversion are crucial to the encyclical's view. In (9) these motifs are unfolded within the horizon of a Christian doctrine of liberation and freedom, and in (10) they are brought into a concrete relationship with the secular discourse on sustainability. A central concept of Laudato si is the concept of ecological conversion. As explained in (11), this can be used independently of denomination and religion. To summarise, it is stated in (12) that the gap between the secular and Christian perspectives mentioned at the beginning is not insurmountable: provided that both sides respect each other, they can prove to be complementary. Ökologische Ökonomen trafen sich per Zoom in den Jahren 2021 und 2021 regelmäßig mit Mitarbeitern des Vatikans, um in einem Circle of Ecological Economic Elders (CoEEE) wichtige Impulse aus der 2015 veröffentlichten Enzyklika von Papst Franziskus „Laudato sí. Über die Sorge für das gemeinsame Haus“ mit ihren eigenen Erkenntnissen zusammenzuführen. Malte Faber, der zum CoEEE gehörte, erlebte in den Diskussionen jedoch des Öfteren eine tiefe Kluft zwischen den Lehren der Katholischen Kirche und den nicht-religiösen Theorien der Natur-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften. Diese Erfahrung, die im CoEEE nicht hinreichend thematisiert werden konnte, gab den Anstoß zu den folgenden Überlegungen. In (2) und (3) erläutern wir die Botschaft der Laudato si und machen auf Defizite der Enzyklika aufmerksam. Die problematische Stellung von Laudato sí zu den Themen Liberalismus und technischer Fortschritt wird in (4) behandelt. Dass die Enzyklika berechtigte Anfragen an die säkulare Welt von heute stellt, geht aus (5) und (6) hervor. (5) behandelt die in der heutigen globalen Wirtschaft ungelöste Spannung zwischen dem Mehr-Haben-Wollen (Pleonexia) und der Suche nach dem „guten Leben“, (6) die Kritik der Enzyklika an der Vorstellung, Menschen seien unumschränkte Herrn ihrer Zukunft. Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurse, die eine Große Transformation fordern, korrespondieren mit dem Aufruf der Enzyklika zu einer ökologischen Umkehr. Forderungen nach radikalen und schnellen Veränderungen führen jedoch, wie in (7) gezeigt wird, aufgrund der in die Gegenwart fortwirkenden Bestände aus der Vergangenheit oft in eine Sackgasse. Wissenschaftliche Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurse kommen mit Laudato sí darin überein, dass es um die Rettung der Welt geht – die Frage ist: welche Welt? In den Abschnitten (8) bis (10) zeigen wir, dass die Welt in einer religiösen Sicht anders erscheint als in den säkularen Perspektiven der Wissenschaften. Für die Sicht der Enzyklika sind die Motive von Sünde, Vergebung und Umkehr entscheidend. In (9) werden diese Motive in den Horizont einer christlichen Lehre von Befreiung und Freiheit entfaltet, in (10) konkret in eine Beziehung zum säkularen Nachhaltigkeitsdiskurs gebracht. Ein zentraler Begriff der Laudato si ist der Begriff der ökologischen Umkehr. Wie in (11) erläutert wird, kann dieser unabhängig von Konfession und Religion verwendet werden. Zusammenfassend wird in (12) festgehalten, dass die zu Anfang erwähnte Kluft zwischen säkularer und christlicher Sicht nicht unüberwindbar ist: Vorausgesetzt, dass beide Seiten einander respektieren, können sie sich als komplementär erweisen. |
| Keywords: | Umweltökonomie; Ökologische Ökonomie; Nachhaltigkeit; Technisch-Ökonomisches Paradigma; Liberalismus; Freiheit; Gerechtigkeit; Pleonexia; Große Transformation; Enzyklika Laudato si; Glaube; Vertrauen; Sünde; Ökologische Umkehr |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0762 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A. |
| Abstract: | With a population exceeding 120 million, Ethiopia is home to 77 million people who directly depend on agriculture for their livelihoods (World Bank, 2024a). The country registered robust agricultural growth of about 5% on average for a decade since 2013 (NBE, 2023). The Ethiopian government has been encouraged to target its development interventions to sustain and accelerate the growth and transformation of the economy (IFAD, 2023; Aragie & Balié, 2019). However, the pattern of support and the composition of growth are critical factors influencing changes in poverty, employment, and diet quality (Christiaensen & Martin, 2018; Pham & Riedel, 2019). Assessing the linkages between economic growth and poverty, employment, and diet quality is a topic of importance to both country policymakers and their development partners. Few studies, including Fan and Zhang (2008), Aragie, et al (2022), Benfica, et al. (2019) and Pauw and Thurlow (2015), have so far assessed and ranked various on-farm and off-farm interventions in relation to their impacts on selected outcome indicators and suggested to policy makers the most cost-effective ways of allocating scarce public resources for maximum impact. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; agrifood systems; investment; climate change; prices; globalization |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:162 |
| By: | Bachmann, Ronald; Eßer, Jana; Fitzthum, Mirjam; Vonnahme, Christina |
| Abstract: | Die ökologische Transformation der Wirtschaft hat Folgen für Beschäftigte und Arbeitgeber/innen. Berufsbilder und Arbeitsnachfrage verändern sich bereits, und diese Entwicklungen werden sich zukünftig wahrscheinlich noch verstärken. Die vorliegende Studie präsentiert Ergebnisse einer Personenbefragung zu mehreren Aspekten dieses Themenfeldes. Hierbei stehen die Einstellungen und Sorgen der erwerbstätigen Bevölkerung im Hinblick auf die ökologische Transformation des Arbeitsmarkts im Fokus. Die Ergebnisse sollen u. a. dazu beitragen, Informationsbedürfnisse in Bezug auf den Transformationsprozess aufzudecken, um Wohlfahrtsverluste zu vermeiden. Hierbei zeigt sich erstens, dass Umweltschutz und Klimawandel als bedeutende Herausforderungen angesehen werden. Zweitens spielt die ökologische Transformation bisher nur eine geringe Rolle für berufliche Veränderungen. Für die Zukunft wird ein Anstieg solcher Veränderungen aufgrund der ökologischen Transformation sowie die Notwendigkeit, die eigenen Fähigkeiten zu erweitern, erwartet. Hierbei wünschen sich die Befragten mehr Unterstützung durch Staat und Arbeitgeber/innen und eine Beschleunigung des ökologischen Umbaus der Wirtschaft. Dieser wird als gut vereinbar mit weiteren gesellschaftlichen Zielen bewertet. Analysen getrennt nach Alter, Bildung und Einkommen verdeutlichen die soziale Dimension der ökologischen Transformation des Arbeitsmarktes. |
| Keywords: | Ökologische Transformation, Beschäftigte, Erwartungen, berufliche Mobilität, Weiterbildung |
| JEL: | J23 J24 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwimat:310323 |
| By: | Nicolas Astier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laurent Bach (ESSEC Business School, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Paul Dutronc-Postel (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Arthur Guillouzouic (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Hélène Ollivier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Rachel Paya (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, ESSEC Business School) |
| Abstract: | Ce projet documente et analyse l'impact des aides à la décarbonation sur trois volets : le ciblage et le recours aux aides du plan France Relance, les effets économiques et environnementaux des précédentes vagues d'aides à la décarbonation et en particulier du Fonds Chaleur administré par l'Ademe, et les premiers effets rétrospectifs des impacts économiques des aides à la décarbonation du plan France Relance. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04440676 |
| By: | Olanipekun, Caleb Ibukun; Salaudeen, Kamaldeen Oladimeji; Totin, Edmond; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Balana, Bedru; Popoola, Olufemi |
| Abstract: | The world population is growing fast, heralding the challenge of feeding over 9.1 billion people with safe food by the year 2050. The amount of food production has increased through efforts made by actors in the agricultural production sector (Bourne, 2014). Food produced globally is sufficient to provide 100% of nutritional requirements of every living human being, but unfortunately, this has not translated to better food security in certain countries in the world, malnutrition has gotten worse in several countries around the world. According to GHI, 64 countries will not reach low hunger, much less zero hunger (SDG2) by 2030, in fact, low hunger status may not be reached globally until 2160. |
| Keywords: | drying; food security; harvesting; solar drying; Nigeria; Africa; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:163564 |