|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2025–05–26
eighty-one papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Koundouri, Phoebe; Alamanos, Angelos; Arampatzidis, Ioannis; Devves, Stathis; Dellis, Konstantinos; Deranian, Christopher; Nisiforou, Olympia; Sachs, Jeffrey D. |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate-neutrality is a global imperative that demands coordinated efforts from both science and robust policies supporting a smooth transition across multiple sectors. However, the interdisciplinary and complex science-to-policy nature of this effort makes it particularly challenging for several countries. Greece has set ambitious goals across different policies; however, their progress is often debated. For the first time, we simulated a scenario representing Greece’s climate-neutrality goals drawing upon its main relevant energy, agricultural and water policies, and compared it with a ‘current accounts’ scenario by 2050. The results indicate that most individual policies have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions across all sectors of the economy (residential, industrial, transportation, services, agriculture, and energy production). However, their implementation seems to be based on economic and governance assumptions that often overlook sectoral interdependencies, infrastructure constraints, and social aspects, hindering progress towards a unified and more holistic sustainable transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Neutrality; Energy-emissions modelling; LEAP; FABLE Calculator; MaritimeGCH; WaterReqGCH; Decarbonization; Greece. |
| JEL: | Q28 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124660 |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson |
| Abstract: | There are calls for monetary and fiscal authorities to use policy tools to support ongoing efforts to achieve the net zero emissions goal. However, limited attention has been paid to the regional differences in the relationship between monetary-fiscal policy and CO2 emissions. This study examines the impact of monetary and fiscal policy on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel energy consumption. The study extends the literature by linking monetary and fiscal policy to climate action for achieving the net zero emissions goal. In the empirical analysis, the monetary policy indicator is the lending interest rate, the fiscal policy indicator is the tax revenue to GDP ratio while CO2 emissions from fossil fuel energy consumption is the CO2 emissions indicator. The findings reveal that contractionary monetary and fiscal policy jointly reduce CO2 emissions in the regions of the Americas and Africa. Contractionary monetary and fiscal policy combined with higher renewable energy consumption jointly reduce CO2 emissions in the regions of the Americas, Asia and Europe. Also, contractionary monetary and fiscal policy combined with higher institutional quality jointly reduce CO2 emissions in African countries. Higher renewable energy consumption reduces CO2 emissions in Africa, Asia, Europe and Americas regions while strong institutional quality consistently reduce CO2 emissions in Europe and the Americas. The implication of the findings is that monetary and fiscal authorities should strengthen existing institutions, increase renewable energy consumption, and increase interest rate and taxes on the fossil fuel economy in a coordinated manner to reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuel energy consumption. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, monetary policy, fiscal policy, institutional policy, population, interest rate, tax revenue to GDP ratio, net zero, sustainable development, renewable energy, economic growth, Africa, Asia, Europe, Americas. |
| JEL: | E31 E52 Q52 Q54 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124261 |
| By: | Prince Nartey Menzo, Benjamin; Asuamah Yeboah, Samuel; Prempeh, Kwadwo Boateng |
| Abstract: | This systematic review investigates the potential of innovative climate finance instruments, specifically green bonds, blended finance, and international climate funds, to support Ghana’s climate resilience goals without compromising fiscal sustainability. Drawing on literature from 2000 to 2025 and guided by the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), Sustainable Development Finance Theory, and Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA), the study synthesises evidence from academic articles, policy documents, and institutional reports. The findings indicate that although these instruments offer strategic pathways for mobilising investment and diversifying Ghana’s financing mix, their effectiveness is undermined by regulatory fragmentation, limited institutional capacity, and procedural inefficiencies. Green bonds are constrained by governance and disclosure gaps, blended finance suffers from weak coordination and legal ambiguities, and access to international climate funds is hindered by administrative bottlenecks. The review’s originality lies in its integration of fiscal sustainability and climate finance through a multi-theoretical lens, offering a novel synthesis of how Ghana can strategically scale climate finance amid debt constraints. To enhance the impact of these mechanisms, the study recommends a comprehensive green finance framework, institutional reform, and integration of climate-risk assessments into public financial management systems. This work contributes to bridging research and policy by outlining actionable reforms and calling for econometric research to evaluate fiscal-environmental outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Climate finance, green bonds, blended finance, Ghana, debt sustainability, environmental policy, fiscal resilience, systematic review |
| JEL: | G23 H63 O55 Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124517 |
| By: | Sadiq, Kinza; Ali, Amjad; Usman, Muhammad; Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad |
| Abstract: | Environmental sustainability has become a pressing concern amid accelerating industrialization and economic growth, which have collectively intensified ecological degradation. This study investigates the interconnected roles of green finance and renewable energy consumption in influencing ecological footprints across developed and developing countries from 1995 to 2021. Drawing on ecological modernization theory and sustainable development theory, the analysis employs panel least squares and generalized method of moments methods to examine data from fifty-four countries, using ecological footprint as the dependent variable, while renewable energy consumption and green finance are key explanatory factors. Empirical findings indicate that non-renewable energy consumption significantly increases ecological footprints in all regions, whereas renewable energy reduces ecological impact most notably in developed countries. Green finance contributes to environmental improvement in advanced economies but exhibits a positive correlation with ecological footprint in developing countries, likely due to the transitional nature of green investments. Population density consistently shows a mitigating effect on ecological degradation. These results underscore the importance of tailored green finance policies, technology transfer, and renewable energy expansion, particularly in developing nations, to support global sustainability targets. |
| Keywords: | Ecological Footprint, Green Finance, Renewable Energy Consumption, Sustainability |
| JEL: | Q2 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124498 |
| By: | Nouha Belmahi (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Khaoula Jabari (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: This paper explores the critical intersection between climate change and financial systems, examining how climate risks are increasingly becoming central to financial market stability through a narrative review of existing literature. As climate hazards continue to cause widespread disruptions – such as droughts, floods, and global temperature irregularities – the role of financial markets and institutions in addressing these challenges has come under scrutiny. This literature review seeks to shed light on how climate risks are classified, identify the key drivers of these risks, and evaluate potential policy frameworks that can mitigate these risks. By synthesizing findings from existing research, this review aims to highlight the urgency of integrating climate considerations into financial decision-making processes. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable finance by offering insights that inform the design of resilient financial strategies to address climate-related challenges. Keywords: Financial Markets, Sustainable Finance, Climate Risks, Physical Risks, Transition Risks. JEL Classification: G10, G56 Paper Type: Theoretical Research Résumé : Cet article examine l'intersection essentielle entre le changement climatique et les systèmes financiers, en analysant comment les risques climatiques occupent une place croissante dans la stabilité des marchés financiers, à travers une revue narrative de la littérature existante. À mesure que les aléas climatiques – tels que les sécheresses, les inondations et les anomalies de température à l'échelle mondiale – entraînent des perturbations généralisées, le rôle des marchés financiers et des institutions dans la gestion de ces défis suscite un intérêt croissant. Cette revue de la littérature vise à clarifier la classification des risques climatiques, à identifier leurs principaux déterminants et à évaluer les cadres politiques susceptibles de les atténuer. En synthétisant les résultats des recherches existantes, cet article met en évidence l'urgence d'intégrer les considérations climatiques dans les processus de décision financière. Il contribue ainsi aux débats sur la finance durable en apportant des éclairages susceptibles d'informer la conception de stratégies financières résilientes face aux défis climatiques. Mots clés : Marchés financiers, Finance durable, Risques climatiques, Risques physiques, Risques de transition. Classification JEL : G10, G56 Type du papier : Recherche Théorique |
| Keywords: | Financial Markets Sustainable Finance Climate Risks Physical Risks Transition Risks. JEL Classification: G10 G56 Paper Type: Theoretical Research Marchés financiers Finance durable Risques climatiques Risques physiques Risques de transition. Classification JEL : G10 G56 Type du papier : Recherche Théorique, Financial Markets, Sustainable Finance, Climate Risks, Physical Risks, Transition Risks. JEL Classification: G10, G56 Paper Type: Theoretical Research Marchés financiers, Finance durable, Risques climatiques, Risques physiques, Risques de transition. Classification JEL : G10, G56 Type du papier : Recherche Théorique |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05012159 |
| By: | Ravi Vora; Guglielmo Zappala |
| Abstract: | Stringent environmental policies often lack public support. But after policies are enacted, do individual preferences about them change? Using surveys covering 38 countries around the world, we study the effect of exposure to environmental policies on policy preferences. Exploiting within-country-year, across birth-cohort variation, we find that individuals exposed to more stringent environmental policies during early adulthood are more supportive of environmental policies later on in life. This relationship suggests that a society's environmental policy attitudes evolve endogenously, with implications for forecasting the path of these economic measures, as well as for how to evaluate their normative appropriateness. |
| Keywords: | endogenous preferences, environmental policy, environmental preferences, experience, formative age, policy support. |
| JEL: | D72 D83 H23 H31 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11857 |
| By: | Banerjee, Sumanta; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | Adaptation measures are crucial tools in combating the adverse effects of climate change. Assessing the progress of adaptation efforts in developing countries like India, particularly in disaster-prone states like Odisha, is of utmost importance. This study explores how adaptation initiatives help to reduce vulnerability, mitigate disaster risks, and enhance socio-ecological resilience. Utilizing insights from the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, Sendai Framework, and Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, we identify various adaptation strategies and compile an inventory. This inventory is derived from diverse sources, including peer-reviewed literature, gray literature, and documents from International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and state-level Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). The key results from the inventory indicate that the government is the leading adaptation provider, followed by the interventions of the INGOs and NGOs. It is observed from the qualitative data analysis that 35 percent of the adaptation reduces disaster risk, 45 percent of the activities/interventions help in reducing vulnerability, and 20 percent of the interventions promote and strengthen ecological resilience building. The research is limited by the fact that the adaptation inventory created is not a comprehensive list of adaptation interventions but rather an indicative one. It does not consider autonomous or household-level adaptations. Additionally, it offers for expanding successful adaptation interventions from local to regional or national levels, as demonstrated by experiences in Coastal Odisha, which can be applied to broader geographical areas. |
| Keywords: | Climate Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction, Socio-Ecological Resilience, Coastal India |
| JEL: | H84 Q54 R58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124193 |
| By: | Mehdi Guelmamen |
| Abstract: | Drinking water governance has emerged as a critical issue for policymakers. Climate change and the increase in human consumption exacerbate drought episodes, and the institutional arrangements for providing drinking water are increasingly diverse but vary in effectiveness. This paper explores the various contemporary organizational pathways in drinking water governance. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and implications of different organizational approaches in water management, shedding light on policy and strategic choices for sustainable and effective governance. Recommendations for future research are also considered. |
| Keywords: | Drinking water governance, local government, public services, literature review. |
| JEL: | H11 L11 L95 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-48 |
| By: | Jean-Pierre Rossi (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Andrea Battisti (Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua, Department DAFNAE - Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua); Dimitrios N. Avtzis (HAO Demeter - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter); Christian Burban (BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés - UB - Université de Bordeaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Noureddine Rahim (Biotechnology High National School Taoufik Khaznadar); Jérôme Rousselet (URZF - Zoologie forestière - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Carole Kerdelhué (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Kahraman İpekdal (Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: • We model the geographic range of the pine processionary moth (PPM). • Three species distribution models are constructed using tree-based methods. • Interpretable machine learning reveals climate variables limiting the PPM's distribution. • A significant northward expansion is projected for the coming decades. • A contraction of suitable regions is expected in North Africa by 2040–2060. Abstract: Assessing the species ecological responses to ongoing climate change is a critical challenge in environmental science. Rising temperatures, particularly in winter, are altering the distribution patterns of many species, including the pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775). This Mediterranean species, a significant defoliator of conifers, is expanding its range northward as winter temperatures increase. The larvae of PPM also pose serious public health risks due to their ability to induce allergic reactions in humans, pets, and livestock. To better understand these ecological shifts, we calibrated three distribution models (Bayesian Additive Regression Trees, Boosted Regression Trees, and Random Forest) based on historical and modern occurrence data compiling of 1769 points, and assessed climate suitability under historical, current and future conditions. Our results show that winter minimum temperatures, summer maximum temperatures, and solar radiation significantly influence the life cycle, and shape the geographical distribution of PPM. Under current conditions, PPM could extend its range further north, but its limited flight capabilities hinder its ability to keep up with the pace of climate change. Future projections suggest continued northward expansion, although solar radiation is expected to limit the northernmost range of PPM. Certain host tree species of PPM are frequently used as ornamental plants, particularly in urban areas, which makes the careful selection of these species a potentially valuable tool for management. Our findings identify regions that are likely to become suitable for PPM colonization, where proactive measures could be implemented. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Species range shift, Species distribution modeling, Health risk, Forest pest |
| Date: | 2025–05–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05054582 |
| By: | Bolte, Andreas; Ammer, Christian; Blaschke, Markus; Bräsicke, Nadine; Caspari, Steffen; Degen, Bernd; Elmer, Michael; Eusemann, Pascal; Gärtner, Stefanie; Goßner, Martin; Katzenberger, Jakob; Kätzel, Ralf; Kleinschmit, Jörg; Krüger, Inken; Meyer, Peter; Michler, Berit Annika; Pertl, Caren; Printzen, Christian; Sanders, Tanja; Schäfer, Ralf Bernhard; Uhl, Enno; Weiß, Lina; Wellbrock, Nicole; Wirth, Christian; Züghart, Wiebke; Kroiher, Franz |
| Abstract: | Wälder sind in ihrer Vielfalt an Lebensräumen für Tier-, Pflanzen- und Pilzarten unverzichtbar, um eine Vielzahl von Ökosystemleistungen, wie z. B. Kohlenstoffbindung, Rohholz, sauberes Trinkwasser und Erholungsraum bereit zu stellen sowie vor Naturgefahren zu schützen. Eine hohe genetische Vielfalt und Diversität an Arten und Lebensräumen bilden die Basis dafür und die Option, unsere Wälder erfolgreich an den Klimawandel anzupassen. Nicht zuletzt sind auch deren Eigenwert und Schönheit ein wichtiger Grund, die Biodiversität im Wald zu schützen und zu entwickeln. Etwa 95 % der Wälder in Deutschland werden laut Bundeswaldinventur 2022 aktuell bewirtschaftet, wobei es eine große Spannbreite der Bewirtschaftungsformen und der Managementintensität gibt. Dabei gibt es Unterschiede zwischen vergangener und heutiger Bewirtschaftung sowie verschiedenen Regionen. Bessere Kenntnisse der Wirkung unterschiedlicher Waldbewirtschaftung auf die biologische Vielfalt (nachfolgend: Biodiversität) sind daher im Kontext aller anderen Bewirtschaftungsziele wichtig, um Waldbiodiversität zu erhalten, wo erforderlich wiederherzustellen und zur Sicherung aller Ökosystemleistungen und zur Anpassung an die Klimaveränderungen zu nutzen. Neben der Bewirtschaftung beeinflussen auch das sich ändernde Klima, Luftverunreinigungen und möglicherweise der Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln die Biodiversität im Wald.(...) |
| Abstract: | Forests offer a diversity of habitats for animals, plants, and fungi. With this they are essential in providing a multitude of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, wood provision, clean water, and recreation, as well as, natural hazard protection. Their large genetic diversity and heterogeneity of species and habitats is the foundation of a successful adaptation to climate change. Last but not least, it is worth protecting and further evolving forest biodiversity for its intrinsic value and beauty. According to the recent National Forest Inventory (BWI 2022) about 95 % of German forests are currently managed. However, there is a wide range of management systems and intensities. These are apparent past and present as well as between the different regions. A deeper understanding of the effects of different forest management systems on the biological diversity (later on: biodiversity) is essential to not only to preserve forest biodiversity but to selectively use it to secure all ecosystem services, as well as, creating resilient forests under climate change. Besides management, the changing climate, deposition, and pesticides influence forest biodiversity... |
| Keywords: | Biodiversität, Monitoring, Wald, Einflussgrößen national, biodiversity, monitoring, forest, influencing factors, national |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:316428 |
| By: | Latino, Carmelo; Pelizzon, Loriana; Riedel, Max; Wang, Yue |
| Abstract: | Using hand-collected data on European auto asset-backed securities (Auto ABS), we examine the role of mutual funds in financing the transition to zero-emission mobility. Mutual funds, particularly those with a green mandate, tend to have a higher exposure to sustainability-transparent Auto ABS and tend to allocate more capital to deals with a higher proportion of electric vehicles. However, we find no clear preference for portfolios with lower average CO2 emissions. This behaviour suggests that, in the absence of a globally recognized framework for green securitizations, asset managers rely on sustainability proxies that are associated with the lowest disclosure processing costs. Our analysis provides important new evidence on how standardized sustainability disclosures at both the prospectus and loan levels could influence asset allocation. |
| Keywords: | Auto ABS, Car Loans, Zero- or low-emission vehicles, Mutual funds, Securitization, Sustainable Finance |
| JEL: | G11 G18 G20 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:316445 |
| By: | Vladescu, Mihaela-Irma (Institutul National de Cercetari Economice al Academiei Române); Oprea, Mihaela-Georgiana (Institutul National de Cercetari Economice al Academiei Române) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the position of Romania in the context of European Union from the perspective of the transition to a green economy and demographic changes. Starting from the reality of imbalances caused by economic growth policies uncorrelated with environmental protection, the study highlights the importance of the green transition as a strategic solution to current global challenges. The analysis is based on economic and environmental indicators, such as GDP/PPP, CO2 emissions and the share of renewable energy, in parallel with relevant demographic aspects. The results highlight three clusters of EU countries: developed economies with high emissions; developed countries with effective green transition policies; and countries with less developed economies, including Romania. The study recommends the formulation of policies linking investments in sustainable infrastructure with measures to boost demographic and social stability, in line with the 2030 Agenda goals. |
| Keywords: | green economy, sustainable development, demographic change, CO2 emissions, renewable energy |
| JEL: | J11 O38 Q20 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ror:seince:250522 |
| By: | Maria Laura Ojeda; Exequiel Romero-Gomez; Luca Salvatici; Cristina Vaquero-Piñeiro |
| Abstract: | Satisfying the increasing food demand while supporting the sustainability of agri-food systems in the face of climate change is seen as a major global challenge in the future. This study investigates how environmental policies, such as higher organic production targets, might affect the sustainability of agri-food systems. By using simulations from the Simplified International Model of Agricultural Prices, Land Use, and Environment (SIMPLE) model, extended for the first time to distinguish organic from conventional production, we project socio-economic and emission outcomes in response to the 25% of organic farmland by 2030 fixed by the European Union Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy in Italy. Overall, results indicate that even though the F2F strategy in Italy is projected to increase crop production and reduce Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, it will also raise crop prices, slightly increase land use, and intensify non-land input demands under conventional agriculture. The findings underscore the need for complementary policies and coordinated action plans to balance economic, social, and environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | organic transition, organic farming, agriculture, SIMPLE model, Italy |
| JEL: | Q18 O13 C63 F63 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtr:wpaper:0287 |
| By: | Giorgos Galanis; Giorgio Ricchiuti; Ben Tippet |
| Abstract: | Unexpected climate disasters have been shown to increase public concern for tackling climate change, but not change the attitudes of policy makers. This raises the question of what the overall impact of climate disasters are on mitigation laws and policies? This paper utilises a natural experiment to estimate the impact of extreme and unexpected disaster shocks on mitigation laws and policies for 17 Western European countries. Over the period from 1980 to 2020, we identify 1990 as a particularly extreme year of climate shocks for some countries in Western Europe. Using a simple difference in difference estimation, we show that these countries which experienced the extreme climate disaster shock in 1990 implemented less mitigation laws relative to the control group over the next 10 years. This suggests that while disasters may increase public concern for the environment, they do not necessarily translate into more mitigation laws. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk, Climate Disasters, Natural Experiment, Environmental Laws |
| JEL: | C1 C9 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_10.rdf |
| By: | Vos, Rob; Martin, Will |
| Abstract: | Food systems generate about one third of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Without reducing them, it will not be possible to stabilize the climate and keep the increase in global temperature below 1.5 oC from pre-industrial levels. About 50 percent of agricultural emissions (in CO2eq) come from methane, a super potent GHG, mostly from livestock production and rice cultivation. We consider six broad potential approaches to reducing emissions from agriculture—emission taxes; repurposing of farm support; regulations and conditionality; investing in green innovations; emission reduction credits, and demand-side interventions. We find that carbon taxes on most agricultural production emissions are likely much less effective than for emissions from combustion. Simple rearrangement or reduction of agricultural support will have only small impacts in terms of improving human and planetary health. By contrast, repurposing agricultural support towards R&D on sustainable agricultural intensification could generate major efficiency gains, sharply reduce emissions and improve food security. Regulatory approaches, including conditionality and payment for environmental services (PES) can be counterproductive if they lower yields and require expansion of agricultural land use. The potential benefits of emission reduction credits are greatly diminished by challenges in defining their baselines. Demand interventions designed to contribute both to environmental goals and improvements in health outcomes may also play a supporting role. Since multiple sustainable development goals are to be achieved, no single instrument by itself will be effective. Instead, multiple policy instruments will need to be bundled and targeted to create synergies and address trade-offs. |
| Keywords: | climate change mitigation; agriculture; food security; agricultural policies; greenhouse gas emissions; sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–05–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:174515 |
| By: | Berniell, Inés; Marchionni, Mariana; Pedrazzi, Julián; Viollaz, Mariana |
| Abstract: | This paper explores how female political leaders impact environmental outcomes and climate change policy actions using data from mixed-gender mayoral races in Brazil. We rely on a Regression Discontinuity design that compares municipalities where women narrowly won the election with those where men narrowly won. This strategy allows us to identify the causal effect of a woman winning the mayoral election. We find that, compared to male mayors, female mayors significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation in the municipalities with Amazon biome. Specifically, when a woman wins the election, annual greenhouse gas emissions decrease by 1, 510 thousand tons of CO2e per municipality in the Amazon. This effect alone represents 23% of the average annual emissions of all municipalities within the Amazon biome and 6.4% of Brazil's nationwide average. This reduction is driven by a reduction in emissions intensity (CO2e/GDP) in the Land Use sector, without changes in municipal economic activity. Part of the reduction in emissions in the Land Use sector is attributable to a decline in deforestation. Specifically, female-led municipalities in the Amazon experience a reduction in deforestation, with a 3 percentage-point decrease in the loss of forest formations relative to the baseline forest cover. This represents a 32% reduction compared to deforestation levels in the comparison municipalities. We examine potential mechanisms that could explain the positive environmental impact of narrowly electing a female mayor over a male counterpart and find that in Amazon municipalities, female elected mayors allocate more space to the environment in their government proposals and are more likely to invest in environmental initiatives. Differences in the enforcement of environmental regulations and the level of education of elected female and male mayors do not explain the results. |
| Keywords: | gender;climate change;Mayoral elections;Amazon |
| JEL: | J16 D72 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14088 |
| By: | Sehoon Kim; Bernadette A. Minton; Rohan G. Williamson |
| Abstract: | We document that corporate directors’ past experience with abnormally severe climatic natural disasters shape their prosocial preferences and influence firm climate policies. Using detailed data on director career histories and county-level natural disasters, we identify Directors with Abnormal Disaster Experiences (DADEs). DADEs are significantly more likely to be affiliated with nonprofit organizations, consistent with heightened prosocial preferences. Importantly, firms with more DADEs on their boards exhibit lower scope 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emission intensities and are more likely to implement climate-related policies, including board climate oversight, emission targets, and management incentives to reduce emissions. These effects are driven by influential DADEs serving on governance, audit, or ESG committees, but absent among DADEs on finance, compensation, or risk committees, supporting a preference-based rather than risk-based mechanism. Independent directors, rather than the influence of CEOs, play a central role. The effects are stronger when disaster experiences are accumulated over longer histories and in large or high-emission firms. The results are muted in smaller disasters and not driven by recent trends in attention to climate change. Despite the role of preferences, firms with more DADEs do not exhibit worse financial or operational performance. Using director deaths as plausibly exogenous shocks, we provide causal evidence. Our findings show that directors’ experiences heighten their prosocial preferences that lead them to influence corporate climate policy. |
| JEL: | D64 G34 G41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33750 |
| By: | Roy, Tirthankar |
| Abstract: | The economic emergence of societies in arid and semi-arid tropical regions depended on their ability to extract and recycle water and manipulate the environment for this purpose. India is a prominent example of this process. This pathway to economic growth has significant political and environmental costs. In light of climate change, a key question for the future is: Is tropical development sustainable in this way? The paper answers by drawing on the economic history of the tropical arid regions and a recent literature on climate impact on water resources. |
| JEL: | N50 N55 O13 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125641 |
| By: | Wamalwa, Peter Simiyu; Kamau, Anne; Odongo, Maureen; Misati, Roseline Nyakerario |
| Abstract: | The study analyzed the relationship between climate change, bank credit, and cereal production in Kenya based on quarterly data covering the period 2000-2023 using autoregressive distributed lag approach. The study used CO2 emissions, average precipitation, and average temperature as indicators of climate change and private sector credit and credit to agriculture sector as indicators of bank credit. The empirical findings show that there is a long-run relationship between cereal production and banks' domestic credit, CO2 average precipitation, average temperature, and cereal production area. The results also indicate that bank credit, average precipitation and increase in cereal production area stimulate cereal production, while CO2 emissions and average temperature reduces cereal production in the long run. In the short run, precipitation, bank credit, mechanization increase cereal yield, while CO2 emissions and acreage under cereal cultivation, and average temperature reduce cereals production. The increase in CO2 emissions and average temperature interfere with growth and development of plants and hence the yields. However, bank credit enables farmers to counteract the impacts of climate change as it facilitates purchase of farm inputs, which in turn boost cereal production. These findings imply that there is need to mitigate climate change, because it has adverse impact on cereal production. There is also a need to enhance lending to the agriculture sector so that farmers can boost cereal production, enhance capacity to mitigate climate change as well as wither the impact of climate change on cereal production. |
| Keywords: | Bank Credit, Climate Change Risk, Cereal Production |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kbawps:316418 |
| By: | Campos-Mercade, Pol (Department of Economics, Lund University); Ek, Claes (University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics); Söderberg, Magnus (Griffith University, Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics); Schneider, Florian (University of Copenhagen, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Standard economic theory assumes that consumers ignore the externalities they create, such as emissions from burning fossil fuels and generating waste. In an incentivized study (N = 3, 718), we find that most people forgo substantial gains to avoid imposing negative externalities on others. Using administrative data on household waste, we show a clear link between such prosociality and waste behavior: prosociality predicts lower residual waste generation and higher waste sorting. Prosociality also predicts survey-reported pro-environmental behaviors such as lowering indoor temperature, limiting air travel, and consuming eco-friendly products. These findings highlight the importance of considering social preferences in environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | social preferences; prosociality; environmental behaviors; externalities |
| JEL: | D01 D62 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lunewp:2025_006 |
| By: | Kuai, Wenjing (Hunan University); Elliott, Robert J. R. (University of Birmingham); Okubo, Toshihiro (Keio University); Ozgen, Ceren (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | To address climate change concerns, Japan is accelerating the greening of its economy. In this paper we analyze the characteristics of the workers that are contributing to the green transition and estimate the so-called green wage premium. Using propriety data from a recent worker-level survey for Japan, we provide a continuous measure of the degree to which a job can be considered green and document how green jobs are different from non-green jobs by sector, occupation and different demographics. Our structural model estimates of a green wage premium show that the hourly wage of green workers is 7.3% higher on average than non-green work- ers. A 10% increase in the green intensity of a job is shown to increase average hourly wages by 0.8%. Decomposition results suggest that the explainable part of the wage premium is largely due to task differences, gender disparities (in lower percentiles), and occupation. The unexplained part of the green wage premium are found mainly in high-paying green jobs where certain characteristics appear to be better rewarded, possibly driven by supply and demand imbalances. |
| Keywords: | Japan, wage gap, employment, green jobs, green transition, climate change |
| JEL: | Q50 Q52 J24 J31 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17878 |
| By: | Masahiro Yoshida (Department of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | Male labor force participation rates (LFPR) in developed economies have been declining since the 1970s. This paper argues that modern climate change has fueled dropouts of adult males by eroding the traditional advantage of working outdoors. Using exposure to climate change across US commuting zones constructed from granular daily weather records for nearly half a century, I find that extreme temperature days hurt the LFPR of prime-age males. In the new century, climate change accounts for approximately 10-15 percent of the nationwide decline in LFPR. I find that outdoor jobs—prevalent across sectors and prominent in disadvantaged regions—are likely hotbeds of dropout. Disability accounts for a substantial proportion of climate-induced dropouts, but the majority of these are likely due to preference; the decline in LFPR has been catalyzed by the spread of housing amenities (e.g., air conditioning and cable TV) and access to affluent family backgrounds. Overall, the results suggest that climate change exacerbates socioeconomic inequality. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Male labor force participation, Outdoor jobs |
| JEL: | J21 J22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2508 |
| By: | Sigl-Glöckner, Philippa; Steitz, Janek; Ziesemer, Vinzenz |
| Abstract: | The European Union has reformed its fiscal rules in late 2024, making debt sustainability analysis (DSAs) the central steering tool for European fiscal policy. DSAs will be used to project debt-to-GDP ratios and derive fiscal policy requirements. In this paper, we show that DSAs currently largely ignore economic impacts resulting from climate damages, as well as from the climate policies needed to satisfy the emissions constraint set by European climate targets. Both will likely reduce economic growth and worsen fiscal indicators, according to relevant literature. We further discuss how the growth impact of climate policy depends on the mix of policy instruments. In the presence of market failures beyond the carbon externality and uncoordinated global climate action, a balanced policy approach including public investment will likely lead to better economic outcomes than an approach based purely on carbon pricing. We show how DSAs can account for the impacts of climate damages and for policies in alignment with the current fiscal constraints (a new baseline). Illustrated by indicative simulations, we show that a more balanced climate policy approach could improve growth and possibly even fiscal indicators vis-à-vis this new baseline. We conclude that DSA methodology should be reformed to account for European climate targets and highlight some research gaps and modelling inconsistencies that need to be addressed to do so. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, fiscal rules, debt sustainability analysis |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dzimps:317068 |
| By: | Carl Gaigne (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Elsa Leromain (UA - University of Antwerp); Riccardo Norbiato (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EU Tax - EU Tax Observatory); Mathieu Parenti (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, EU Tax - EU Tax Observatory); Giulia Varaschin (EU Tax - EU Tax Observatory) |
| Abstract: | EU policies promoting higher environmental standards in agriculture are often perceived as a challenge to the sector's economic competitiveness. However, well-designed policies can align the EU's environmental and economic goals, fostering sustainable and inclusive growth. This policy note examines the case of pesticide-reduction targets and finds that competitiveness trade-offs can be mitigated through complementary trade measures. Our analysis highlights that 44% of pesticide use embedded in EU agricultural consumption comes from imports, despite them representing only 16% of the consumption. Particularly striking, a substantial amount of the pesticide use embedded in imports is represented by banned pesticides, exposing a blind spot in current trade policies. Without appropriate safeguards, stricter EU pesticide regulations can shift production to less-regulated markets, undermining global pesticide reduction efforts while disadvantaging EU agriculture. Analysing the potential for policy solutions, we consider different border-adjustment mechanisms, drawing parallels with the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). Our findings indicate that such measures preserve EU agricultural competitiveness without compromising on environmental ambition. Aligning trade and environmental policies is therefore not only feasible but essential for effectively reducing global pesticide use while safeguarding EU agriculture. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05046970 |
| By: | Yang, Guanyu; Rodger, Amy Dr (University of Edinburgh); Coker, Elif; Shipworth, David |
| Abstract: | As the climate crisis becomes more urgent, fostering sustainable behaviours across sectors is essential. Developing effective policy interventions requires insights into how environmental behaviours and policy support vary across geographical regions and energy, transport, and food sectors. Using data from the 2022 OECD Survey on Environmental Policies and Individual Behaviour Change across nine countries, we applied Multi-level Latent Class Analyses (MLCA) to identify population segments with different behavioural patterns in energy, transport, and food. We found distinct population segments with varying levels of sustainable behaviours and socio-demographic characteristics. More sustainable segments generally showed stronger policy support, while cross-sector analyses implied that individuals in sustainable segments of one sector were more likely to behave sustainably in others. Regional disparities exist in segment distribution across the sectors. This study is among the first to apply MLCA to cross-sectoral and cross-regional behavioural patterns, highlighting the importance of tailored policy strategies and harmonised sectoral approaches. |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8y9h6_v1 |
| By: | Laetitia Dillenseger; Claire Mouminoux |
| Abstract: | Creating a sustainable society necessitates policies that foster human well-being and encourage individuals to engage in pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) aimed at reducing their environmental footprint. However, the compatibility of these goals remains uncertain. While pro-environmental behavior often correlates positively with individuals’ well-being, the causal relationship between such actions and hedonic well-being (HWB) remains unclear. Similarly, the influence of subjective well-being (SWB) on PEB warrants further investigation. Based on a field experiment, supplemented by online surveys, in which French university students (n=393) could participate in a paid or unpaid volunteer waste collection, or donate to an environmental association, according to random allocation to different treatment groups, we find evidence of a virtuous loop between pro-environmental actions and SWB. Happiness is a determinant of voluntary waste collection participation, but not for paid waste collection or monetary donation. Additionally, participation in waste collection, whether paid or unpaid, significantly increases overall HWB. These results suggest that policies targeting human well-being are likely to encourage voluntary PEB and benefit from a leverage effect, as PEB, in turn, increases human well-being. |
| Keywords: | Pro-environmental behaviors, Subjective well-being, Field experiment, Waste collection, Donation. |
| JEL: | Q50 I31 C93 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-44 |
| By: | Michele Azzone; Matteo Ghesini; Davide Stocco; Lorenzo Viola |
| Abstract: | Climate-related phenomena are increasingly affecting regions worldwide, manifesting as floods, water scarcity, and heat waves, which can significantly impair companies' assets and productivity. We develop a framework, based on the Vasicek model for credit risk, that introduces downward jumps due to climate phenomena in a company asset's dynamics. These negative shocks are designed to mirror the negative effect of extreme climate events. We explore various possibilities for the distribution of jumps and provide a comprehensive characterization of the model and its calibration process that relies on companies' asset intensity and geographical exposure. We utilize this new multivariate firm value model framework with jumps to understand the influence of climate related extreme events on different portfolios' expected and unexpected losses. The results suggest introducing additional safe capital to offset the losses resulting from physical climate risks, particularly for high asset intensity sectors. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.19307 |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | The catastrophic consequences of natural disasters on social and economic systems are extensively documented, yet their influence on individuals' sense of control over their life outcomes remains unexplored. This study pioneers an investigation into the causal effects of natural disaster-related home damage on the locus of control. Utilizing Australian longitudinal data, we implement an individual fixed effects instrumental variables approach leveraging time-varying, exogenous exposure to local cyclones to address confounding factors. Our findings provide robust evidence that natural disaster-induced home damage statistically significantly and substantially diminishes individuals’ perception of control, particularly for those at the lower end of the locus of control distribution. This effect is disproportionately pronounced among older individuals, renters, and those from lower-income households. This newfound understanding offers opportunities for developing targeted interventions and support mechanisms to enhance resilience and assist these vulnerable populations following natural disasters. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters; Locus of Control; Housing; Australia |
| JEL: | I31 Q54 R20 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124610 |
| By: | Faisal Quaiyyum; Khondaker Golam Moazzem |
| Abstract: | This study examines the psychological impact of energy crises on households, utilising the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) to measure the stress induced by disruptions in electricity, gas, and fuel supply and pricing. Through a multivariate analysis incorporating Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, Simultaneous-Quantile Regressions (SQR), Random Forest (RF) and Ordered Probit models, the research identifies the key socio-demographic and environmental factors influencing household stress. Our findings reveal that urban residency, low-income households, older individuals, and those with low environmental awareness are particularly vulnerable to stress during energy crises. Regional disparities and attitudes towards nuclear and renewable energy also significantly shape stress responses. The study emphasises the need for psychologically-informed energy policy, advocating for the inclusion of stress metrics in energy planning to enhance resilience and address the multi-dimensional nature of energy insecurity. This research contributes a novel, human-centric perspective to energy policy, urging policymakers to integrate psychosocial resilience alongside traditional technical and economic considerations in the design of energy interventions. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.21541 |
| By: | Quynh Do (Curtin University); Pushkar Maitra (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Activism against climate change is becoming more common globally. There is, however, little evidence on how such activism affects political outcomes. We examine the impact of the Stop-Adani convoy, a protest led by the former leader of the Greens against the proposed Adani Carmichael coal mine in Queensland Australia, on the electoral outcomes in the 2019 Australian federal election. We find that relative to 2016, the Liberal-National Coalition vote share in 2019 was 10 percent higher along the route of the convoy. In addition, mining engagement in the area significantly and positively affected the Coalition vote share. Surprisingly, the convoy had little positive electoral effects for the Greens. Residents of mining regions exhibited lower environmental consciousness and more socially conservative attitudes, and were more likely to vote for the more conservative Coalition. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Activism, Electoral Outcomes, Australia |
| JEL: | D72 Q50 P18 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-05 |
| By: | Dogbey-Gakpetor, Jerry; Bangsund, Dean A.; Hodur, Nancy M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nddaae:356766 |
| By: | Ed Cornforth; Lea de greef; Patricia Sánchez Juanino |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the sensitivity of the macroeconomic impacts of climate change scenarios to underlying assumptions about the policy environment and agent responses. Using the National Institute Global Econometric Model (NiGEM), we analyse the Net Zero long-term scenario developed by the Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) modifying the different assumptions related to agent expectations, monetary policy reactions, and fiscal recycling mechanisms. We assess how these options influence the economic outcomes of the transition to net zero. |
| Keywords: | NiGEM, macroeconomic model, expectations, net zero scenario, NGFS, monetary policy, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | E70 E17 Q54 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nsr:niesrd:567 |
| By: | Choonsung Lim; Yue Zhou |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the short- and medium-term economic impacts of natural disasters, focusing on Pacific Island Countries (PICs) and using global high-frequency nightlight data in addition to macroeconomic data. In this paper, we identify significant short-term effects on growth following natural disasters, which are exacerbated by high public debt and heightened climate vulnerability. Although the negative impacts generally diminish within a year for most countries, PICs face disproportionately larger and rising short-term disruptions (-1.4 percent of annual potential growth) and persistent medium-term consequences. Further analysis of PICs' fiscal, external, and real sectors following severe disasters using annual economic data reveals that weaker fiscal positions, partly driven by reduced output, may lead to an upward trend in public debt, and increased imports may deteriorate current account balances over the medium term. These findings underscore the need for robust counter-cyclical policies and proactive investments in climate resilience to mitigate the adverse effects of climate shocks and promote long-term economic stability |
| Keywords: | Climate change; natural disasters; growth; development; nightlight |
| Date: | 2025–05–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/084 |
| By: | Nikolaos Kalyviotis; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Geoffrey J. D. Hewings |
| Abstract: | Five life cycle assessment (LCA) methods to calculate a project s environmental value are described: (a) process-based, (b) hybrid, (c) pseudo, (d) simplified, and (e) parametric. This paper discusses in detail and compares the two methods with the least inherent uncertainty: process-based LCA (a bottom-up methodology involving mapping and characterising all processes associated with all life cycle phases of a project) and a hybrid LCA (the EXIOBASE analysis, which incorporates top-down economic input output analysis and is a wider sector-by-sector approach). The bottom-up nature of process-based LCA, which quantifies the environmental impacts for each process in all life cycle phases of a project, is particularly challenging when applied to the evaluation of infrastructure as a whole. Conversely, combining the environmental impact information provided in EXIOBASE tables with the corresponding input output tables allows decision makers to more straightforwardly choose to invest in infrastructure that supports positive environmental outcomes. Employing LCA and a bespoke model using Pearson s correlation coefficient to capture environmental interdependencies between the transport sector and the other four economic infrastructures showed the transport and energy sectors to be most closely linked. Both integrated planning and innovative technologies are needed to radically reduce adverse environmental impacts and enhance sustainability across transport, waste, water, and communication sectors. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.20098 |
| By: | Xincheng Qiu (Guanghua School of Management, Peking University); Masahiro Yoshida (Department of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of climate change on the labor share. Using a newly constructed dataset combining US county-level labor shares with climate variables, we find that extreme temperatures reduce labor share. This adverse effect is more pronounced in industries with higher outdoor exposure and automation potential. We also show that extreme temperatures accelerate the adoption of industrial robots. Overall, climate change accounts for 14% of the decline in labor share during 2001–2019. In the last century, however, the opposing effects of decreased cold days and increased hot days offset each other, consistent with the well-documented constancy of labor share. |
| Keywords: | climate change, labor share, automation |
| JEL: | E25 Q54 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2507 |
| By: | Wu , Wanrui (Peking University); Liu , Gordon (Peking University); Pan, Yuhang (Peking University) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant challenges to healthcare systems. This research estimates temperature impacts on hospital workload, using inpatient records from more than 1, 000 emergency departments (EDs) in the People’s Republic of China between 2013 and 2022. We find inpatient admissions in EDs decrease by 12.3% on days with a mean temperature below −6°C, while increasing by 7.7% on days with a mean temperature exceeding 30°C, compared with a temperature reference of 12°C to 15°C. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that specific departments such as internal medicine, surgery, and pediatrics experience more substantial increases in workload during extreme heat. Temperature also reshapes the patient structure: male patients, child patients, and patients with injuries or respiratory diseases take up a larger proportion of total admissions on extremely hot days. Considering adaptation methods, we show that hospitals temporarily allocate more junior physicians to EDs when the temperature is hot. Hospitals in cities where people have higher incomes and better-heated homes are less sensitive to temperature changes. In terms of monetary burden, we estimate corresponding healthcare expenditures, which suggest that the impact of extreme temperatures is larger on the insured portion of expenditures than it is on out-of-pocket payments. This research highlights the relationship between temperature and workload burden faced by the major healthcare facilities, providing suggestions for the healthcare system to increase personnel and adjust resource allocation in response to climate change. |
| Keywords: | hospital workload; climate change; extreme temperature; healthcare expenditure; People’s Republic of China |
| JEL: | I10 I12 I18 Q50 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0780 |
| By: | Kaoutar Benkachchach (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales - UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Khadija El Issaoui (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales - UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the trajectory of agricultural revenues in Morocco between 1995 and 2021, with the aim of elucidating the intricate relationships among vulnerability and resilience to climate change and agricultural economic performance. Agricultural revenues are analysed in relation to two main sets of independent variables: vulnerability and resilience. The assessment of resilience is grounded in a range of indicators, encompassing economic, social, and governance aspects. Conversely, vulnerability is examined through key dimensions such as the sensitivity of health, food security, ecosystems, human habitation, water resources, and infrastructure. The methodological approach employs an ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) and vector error correction model (VECM) to capture the long-term interactions and dynamics among these variables. The results reveal that the effects of vulnerability are significantly more pronounced than those of resilience. The agricultural sector is more susceptible to vulnerability, with a relatively lower capacity for resilience. The insights derived from this research are expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors affecting agricultural revenues in Morocco. Furthermore, the findings hold potential for informing policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the resilience of the agricultural sector within the unique context of the country. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Vulnerability, Resilience, Agricultural revenues, Morocco, Changement climatique, Vulnérabilité, Résilience, Revenus agricoles, Maroc |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05036861 |
| By: | Ahmad, Saba; Khan, Abdullah; Baig, Zenab Tariq |
| Abstract: | Access to safe drinking water is essential for human health. In Abbottabad, tap and bore water are commonly used, but there has been a recent increase in bottled water consumption. This study aimed to compare tap and bottled water quality in Jinnahabad, Abbottabad. Physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was conducted on water samples collected from various sources. Surveys and interviews were also conducted to assess consumer perceptions and costs. The study found that, on average, bottled water had better physicochemical quality, although both alternatives met WHO limits. Tap water had higher levels of E. coli due to a weak sanitation system. Interestingly, despite perceiving bottled water as safer, most respondents still consumed tap water daily. Shopkeepers reported higher bottled water purchases for travel but lower daily consumption. Tap water was the main source, according to the Cantonment Board Abbottabad, though resources were insufficient. Doctors confirmed tap water-related diseases. The study suggests further research into consumer behavior and recommends monitoring measures, staff evaluations, and penalties to reduce costs and waste. |
| Keywords: | drinking water; contamination; health; consumer perception; Pakistan |
| JEL: | Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124547 |
| By: | de Ridder, Kilian; Schultz, Felix Carl; Pies, Ingo |
| Abstract: | Mit diesem Artikel stellen wir eine Ordnungskonzeption zur Diskussion, die spezifische Ideen zur Klimagerechtigkeit, Klima-Governance und Klimapolitik integrativ miteinander verbindet. Wir beginnen mit dem Problem, dass ein verbindliches Abkommen zur globalen Bepreisung von Kohlenstoff auf absehbare Zeit nicht zu erwarten ist. Unsere Konzeption kombiniert polyzentrische Klima-Governance und prozedurale Klima-Gerechtigkeit. Wir zeigen, dass die Befolgung prozeduraler Gerechtigkeitsnormen die Funktionsweise polyzentrischer Governance-Systeme verbessern kann. Im Gegenzug sind polyzentrische Governance-Systeme gut geeignet, Verfahrensnormen prozeduraler Klima-Gerechtigkeit umzusetzen. Unsere Ordnungskonzeption berücksichtigt auch die politische Dimension. Im Gegensatz zu einer möglichst globalen Kohlenstoffbepreisung benötigen Innovations- und Anpassungsmaßnahmen keinen weltweit bindenden Vertrag, um plausible Kandidaten für die Lösung der Klimakrise zu sein. Sie funktionieren gut in polyzentrischen Systemen. Und es ist ihnen zuträglich, wenn Normen der Verfahrensgerechtigkeit eingehalten werden. In einem komplexen Umfeld (positiver) Unsicherheit und (normativer) Uneinigkeit erweist sich unser konzeptioneller Ordnungsrahmen generell als besonders vorteilhaft. Die Klimapolitik findet in einem solchen Umfeld statt. Polyzentrismus, Verfahrensgerechtigkeit sowie Innovations- und Anpassungspolitik besitzen allesamt spezifische Eigenschaften, die sich sehr gut dazu eignen, die Herausforderungen eines solchen Umfelds zu bewältigen. Sie verbinden sich zu einem Governance-System, das flexibel und im Laufe der Zeit anpassungsfähig ist. Vor allem setzen sie keine globale Einigung über politische Allokationsentscheidungen oder über die Verteilung von Vor- und Nachteilen voraus. Darin liegt die besondere Stärke unseres konzeptionellen Ordnungsrahmens für Klima-Governance, mit wichtigen Implikationen für Klimapolitik und Klimapolitikforschung. |
| Abstract: | In this article, we present a conceptualisation that integratively combines specific ideas on climate justice, climate governance and climate policy. We begin with the problem that a binding agreement on global carbon pricing is unlikely in the foreseeable future. Our concept combines polycentric climate governance and procedural climate justice. We show that adherence to procedural justice norms can improve the functioning of polycentric governance systems. In turn, polycentric governance systems are well suited to implement procedural norms of climate justice. Our conceptualisation also takes the policy dimension into account. In contrast to global carbon pricing, political measures that foster innovation and adaptation do not require a globally binding treaty in order to be plausible candidates for tackling the climate crisis. They work well in polycentric systems. And it is beneficial to them if standards of procedural justice are followed. In a complex environment of (positive) uncertainty and (normative) disagreement, our conceptual framework proves to be particularly favourable. Climate policy takes place in such an environment. Polycentrism, procedural justice as well as innovation and adaptation policy all have specific characteristics that are very well suited to overcoming the challenges of such an environment. They combine to create a governance system that is flexible and adaptable over time. Above all, they do not require global agreement on political allocation decisions or on the distribution of advantages and disadvantages. They therefore cope well with uncertainty and reasonable disagreement. This is the particular strength of our conceptual framework for climate governance, with important implications for climate policy and climate policy research. |
| Keywords: | Klimagerechtigkeit, Verfahrensgerechtigkeit, polyzentrische Governance, gelenkter technischer Fortschritt, Klimawandel, Klimapolitik, climate justice, procedural justice, polycentric governance, guided technological progress, climate change, climate policy |
| JEL: | Q5 O3 P0 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mlucee:316431 |
| By: | Tebaldi, Raquel (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance, RS: UNU-MERIT) |
| Abstract: | The 2024 floods in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, prompted the largest and fastest response to an extreme weather event in the country’s history. Brazil is a compelling case for analysing shock-responsive and climate-adaptive social protection because of its high level of decentralisation and significant maturity of its social protection system. Brazil is also highly susceptible to climate risks, and as climate change intensifies, bringing more frequent and severe weather events, strengthening the resilience of social protection systems becomes increasingly vital. This case study examines the Brazilian government’s emergency responses, with a particular focus on the federal and state interventions, drawing from documental analysis and key informant interviews. The analysis shows how significant levels of emergency support were mobilised by federal and state governments, and the system features that enabled a quick response, such as the use of technology for mapping affected areas and the use of existing government databases. Nonetheless, actors faced challenges in terms of coordination between different levels of governance and in terms of emergency preparedness. This study provides some reflections on the obstacles encountered by federal and state actors and points to areas for further improvement at the system level. |
| JEL: | I38 H53 H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2025014 |
| By: | Richard Schmitz; Franziska Flachsbarth; Leonie Sara Plaga; Martin Braun; Philipp H\"artel |
| Abstract: | Recent events, including the pandemic, geopolitical conflicts, supply chain disruptions, and climate change impacts, have exposed the critical need to ensure energy security and resilience in energy systems. We review existing definitions and interrelations between energy security and resilience, conceptualising these terms in the context of energy system transformations. We introduce a classification of disturbances into shock events and slow burn processes to highlight key challenges to energy system resilience. Examples illustrate their distinct impacts on technical, economic, and environmental system performance over time. We compile relevant recourse options across resilience capacity levels and system planning horizons to address these challenges, emphasising actionable strategies for an increasingly integrated energy system. Finally, we propose policy recommendations to integrate shock events and slow burn processes into future energy system planning, enabling forward-looking decision-making and system design to analyse and mitigate potential disruptions. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.18396 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M.; Warner, James; Mutyasira, Vine; Keizire, Boaz |
| Abstract: | Rwanda has made significant strides in improving its food systems, with notable progress in reducing malnutrition and stunting, especially among children. Stunting rates declined from over 50% in the early 2000s to 33% by 2020, reflecting the government’s commitment to addressing food insecurity and enhancing nutrition through a range of agricultural and public health initiatives. The country’s Crop Intensification Program (CIP) has played a pivotal role in increasing agricultural productivity, especially for staple crops like maize, beans, and Irish potatoes, which has contributed to better food availability across the country. Despite these achievements, substantial challenges persist. Almost 19% of households still face food insecurity, with the highest prevalence in rural areas. Additionally, malnutrition continues to affect vulnerable populations, with anemia rates among women of reproductive age at 37%, signaling gaps in nutrition security. Environmental concerns, including soil degradation, water scarcity, and climate change, further complicate efforts to sustain agricultural productivity. Approximately 40% of Rwanda’s land is affected by soil erosion, and shifting climate patterns pose increasing risks to agricultural yields. These challenges indicate the need for a more strategic, research-based approach to understanding and transforming Rwanda’s food system. |
| Keywords: | food systems; malnutrition; stunting; food security; agriculture; public health; intensification; agricultural productivity; sustainability; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa; Southern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–01–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:rssppn:169384 |
| By: | Battocletti, Vittoria; Desiato, Alfredo; Romano, Alessandro; Sotis, Chiara; Tröger, Tobias |
| Abstract: | Many firms are making net-zero and carbon neutral pledges. In principle, these pledges should help consumers identify sustainable options, but often they do not correspond to meaningful actions. In response, both in the U.S. and in Europe, courts and policymakers are requiring firms to disclose more information regarding their climate pledges. This strategy assumes that consumers pay attention to the information provided, are able to understand it, and adjust their behavior accordingly. We test this assumption in two studies with representative samples of U.S. residents (N = 300, N = 1500) and a large-scale eyetracking study (N = 500). First, we show that while people are not aware of the meaning of the most common climate pledges, they are willing to pay a considerable premium for these claims, confirming that an unregulated market may lead to greenwashing. Second, we observe that information provision does not affect respondents when making consequential choices on how much to pay for gift cards of firms that have made a climate pledge. Third, we find that in a realistic setting where respondents receive multiple pieces of information about various products, information regarding climate pledges attracts significant attention. However, it does not improve understanding of climate pledges and actually increases recipients' confusion. Our results add to the growing evidence that individual frame interventions are not a viable shortcut to address systemic issues like global warming. |
| JEL: | K1 K2 K32 D82 D83 M38 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:lawfin:317792 |
| By: | Battocletti, Vittoria; Desiato, Alfredo; Romano, Alessandro; Sotis, Chiara; Tröger, Tobias |
| Abstract: | Many firms are making net-zero and carbon neutral pledges. In principle, these pledges should help consumers identify sustainable options, but often they do not correspond to meaningful actions. In response, both in the U.S. and in Europe, courts and policymakers are requiring firms to disclose more information regarding their climate pledges. This strategy assumes that consumers pay attention to the information provided, are able to understand it, and adjust their behavior accordingly. We test this assumption in two studies with representative samples of U.S. residents (N = 300, N = 1500) and a large-scale eyetracking study (N = 500). First, we show that while people are not aware of the meaning of the most common climate pledges, they are willing to pay a considerable premium for these claims, confirming that an unregulated market may lead to greenwashing. Second, we observe that information provision does not affect respondents when making consequential choices on how much to pay for gift cards of firms that have made a climate pledge. Third, we find that in a realistic setting where respondents receive multiple pieces of information about various products, information regarding climate pledges attracts significant attention. However, it does not improve understanding of climate pledges and actually increases recipients' confusion. Our results add to the growing evidence that individual frame interventions are not a viable shortcut to address systemic issues like global warming. |
| JEL: | K1 K2 K32 D82 D83 M38 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:316444 |
| By: | Michaela Kecskésová (Department of Economics, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic); Štěpán Mikula (Department of Economics, Masaryk University, Lipová 41a, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of air pollution on public mood using sentiment analysis of geolocated social media data. Analyzing approximately 7 million twitter posts from the United States in July 2015, we examine how fluctuations in air quality caused by Canadian wildfires influence sentiment. We find robust evidence that higher exposure to particulate matter leads to decreased positive sentiment and increased negative sentiment. Given the importance of mood as a factor in labor productivity, our results suggest that the short-term psychological effects of air pollution, alongside its well-documented physical health impacts, should be considered in policy discussions, as negative shifts in public mood due to poor air quality could have far-reaching economic consequences. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; particulate matter; mood; sentiment analysis; Twitter; wildfires |
| JEL: | Q5 D9 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mub:wpaper:2025-05 |
| By: | Ahmed Senoussi (Batna 2 - Université de Batna 2 - Mostefa Ben Boulaid); Youcef Boutarfa (Batna 2 - Université de Batna 2 - Mostefa Ben Boulaid); Nadjib Brahimi (ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business); Tarik Aouam (UGENT - Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand) |
| Abstract: | This study considers the planning decisions in a production facility that receives returned products as a contribution to sustainability through the reduction in waste from used products. It involves three processes: the refurbishing and disassembly of returned items and the manufacturing of new items. The process is driven by the demands of new items and collected secondhand items. In this study, we consider a downward substitution, in which new items could be used to meet the demand for secondhand items. The objective is to determine the best production planning schedule to satisfy all demands while minimizing the total costs of production and inventory. We propose and analyze different configurations distinguished by their level of integration and whether they allow substitution. Integration is mainly achieved through the sharing of the inventory of returns between the refurbishing line and the disassembly line, which responsible for feeding the manufacturing process with "as good as new" parts. The best configuration is identified based on the total cost and environmental impact. Four heuristics based on combining relax-and-fix and fix-and-optimize approaches are proposed. Numerical experiments have shown that the heuristics are very efficient, achieving gaps of less than 1% from the optimum in short CPU times for most instances. Numerical experiments have also shown that integration through the sharing of returns inventories leads to considerable cost and environmental benefits. |
| Keywords: | Reverse logistics, refurbishing, Disassembly, substitution, lot sizing with returns, Sustainable manufacturing, Relax-and-fix, Fix-and-optimize |
| Date: | 2024–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05030212 |
| By: | Mehdi Guelmamen |
| Abstract: | The provision of drinking water has become a central concern for public authorities due to climate change, prompting policymakers to reevaluate their approach to this semi-renewable resource. In this paper, we assess the effect of inter-municipal cooperation on performance. Using a comprehensive panel dataset comprising all French drinking water providers from 2008 to 2021, we show that organizational forms chosen by municipalities have an effect on prices of drinking water paid by consumers. More precisely, our empirical findings reveal a selection bias in the estimation of price equations and we show that consumer prices are significantly higher on average when municipalities decide to cooperate. Inter-municipal cooperation does not necessarily lead to better performance in the provision of drinking water. |
| Keywords: | Intermunicipal cooperation, local government, public services, drinking water prices, selection bias. |
| JEL: | H11 H77 L11 L95 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-40 |
| By: | Aneli Bongers (Department of Economics, University of Malaga); Benedetto Molinari (Department of Economics, University of Malaga and RCEA); Jose L. Torres (Department of Economics, University of Malaga) |
| Abstract: | Orbital debris, or space junk, presents a negative environmental externality and poses significant hazards to human activities in outer space. The increasing number of satellites and spacecraft in orbit, from commercial, military, and scientific ventures, has led to an increase in space pollution with millions of pieces of fragments traveling at high speed. This creates a greater risk of collisions and the destruction of spacecraft. This paper examines the consequences of spacecraft shielding, which affects also the emission of orbital debris. By using shields to protect satellites, the probability of destruction in the event of a collision is reduced, along with the creation of additional debris. This serves as an example of how spacefaring operators can take steps to address the negative impact of space pollution within a decentralized system resulted from a profit maximization strategy. Our analysis demonstrates that when individual agents take steps to minimize the risk of collisions and satellite destruction this is equivalent to the internalization of the externality, with a positive impact on the space environment. Nevertheless, we find that the optimal shielding rate is lower than that of a centralized economy, indicating that the negative externality is not fully internalized in the decentralized economy. |
| Keywords: | Orbital debris; Satellites; Risk of collision; Shielding. |
| JEL: | D62 Q53 L80 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bhw:wpaper:05-2025 |
| By: | Josué, ANDRIANADY |
| Abstract: | This article examines the governance of plastic bags in Madagascar, highlighting the disjunction between the ecological ambition of the legal framework and the ineffective reality of its enforcement. Despite the adoption of strict regulations since 2015, the country remains entangled in a regulatory maze where overlapping, poorly coordinated decrees generate confusion rather than impact. Drawing on field observations and institutional analysis, the paper identifies systemic bottlenecks, institutional contradictions, and the fragility of enforcement mechanisms. The plastic ban thus emerges as a revealing case of environmental governance in crisis, caught between symbolic politics and administrative inertia. |
| Keywords: | plastic ban, environmental governance, policy implementation, regulatory failure, Madagascar |
| JEL: | K2 Q0 Z0 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124692 |
| By: | Alidou, Sahawal |
| Abstract: | Family planning is widely recognized as an effective development policy, enabling parents not only to choose the number and spacing of children, but also to time births in response to economic and seasonal constraints—factors that significantly impact child health and survival in developing countries. |
| Keywords: | climate change, child development |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:apbrfs:2025005 |
| By: | Lucile Marescot (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Elodie Fernandez (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Hichem Dridi (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa - FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie], CLCPRO - Commission de Lutte Contre le Criquet Pèlerin en Région Occidentale); Ahmed Salem Benahi (CNLA - Centre National de Lutte Antiacridienne); Mohamed Lemine Hamouny (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa - FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie], CLCPRO - Commission de Lutte Contre le Criquet Pèlerin en Région Occidentale); Koutaro Ould Maeno (JIRCAS - Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences); Maria-José Escorihuela (isardSAT); Giovanni Paolini (isardSAT); Cyril Piou (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: • We built an operational forecasting system for Desert locust preventive management. • We used random forest model for real-time forecasting of locust presence and update every decade. • Pest distribution was explained by sand cover, ecoregions, temperature, precipitations and vegetation cover. • Field evaluation revealed a strong correlation between predicted probabilities and observed locust densities. Abstract: Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is a major agricultural pest that poses significant socioeconomic challenges to food security. This study aims to enhance preventive management of desert locusts in Western and Northern Africa by improving an operational model developed by Piou et al. (2019). The model employs satellite remote sensing data and machine learning to forecast locust occurrence at a 1 km 2 resolution every ten days. Objectives include identifying environmental risk factors, training random forest models with high-predictive power and providing updated forecasts via a web interface. It is the first implementation of a statistical forecasting model for this species within an automated system, delivering updated locust presence probabilities every ten days. Validated through field surveys with a positive error rate of 23%, the forecasting tool shows a strong correlation between predicted probabilities and observed locust densities. This operational tool can guide survey teams, optimize resource allocation, and mitigate environmental impacts efficiently. We believe continuous evaluation and integration of the forecast system will enhance its effectiveness in preventing locust outbreaks, thereby safeguarding food security in the region. |
| Keywords: | Automatic forecast system, Locust outbreak, Machine learning, Remote sensing, Schistocerca gregaria |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04995261 |
| By: | Bagnoli, Lisa Serena; Delgado, Lucia; Luza, Jerónimo; Mitnik, Oscar A.; Pasman, Clara; Serebrisky, Tomás |
| Abstract: | Over the past decades, Latin America and the Caribbean have experienced a significant increase in natural disasters, posing significant threats to infrastructure and economic activity, particularly in regions with poor infrastructure. Understanding the patterns in recovery time after disasters is key to designing accurate responses to natural hazards. In this paper, we develop a methodological approach and use Hurricane Odile, which struck Baja California Sur, Mexico, in September 2014, as a case study to understand the recovery paths following such disasters. We rely on nighttime lights data to capture the initial impact and eventual recovery of electricity service and economic activity in the area of impact of the hurricane. We find that the average luminosity dropped to 78% of pre-hurricane levels immediately after the event and did not fully recover within a year. Impacts are heterogeneous, with localities such as Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo experiencing more severe impacts and slower recovery compared to La Paz, which recovered faster. These results suggest that disaster evaluation, mitigation policies, and preventive measures against disaster impacts should be tailored to local realities. |
| Keywords: | Resilience;natural disasters;electricity;Economic activity recovery;nighttime light;Hurricane;Mexico |
| JEL: | O13 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14098 |
| By: | Sophie M. Behr; Merve Kucuk; Maximilian Longmuir; Karsten Neuhoff |
| Abstract: | The energy crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exposed the heightened vulnerability of low-income households to rising heating costs, particularly those in energy inefficient buildings. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this study examines the distributional impact of heating costs across income deciles and evaluates the effectiveness of policy interventions. We find that low-income tenants are the most vulnerable segment of the population, with elevated risks of energy poverty. While carbon pricing with landlordtenant cost splitting shields low-income households from carbon costs, it fails to offset overall energy price increases. In contrast, a "Worst-First" retrofit strategy, prioritizing upgrades in the least efficient buildings, substantially reduces heating costs and mitigates energy poverty. Our findings highlight the need for targeted retrofit policies to ensure both equitable decarbonization and economic relief for vulnerable households. |
| Keywords: | Distributional effects, energy efficiency, retrofit, carbon prices, energy price crisis |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 D31 D63 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2119 |
| By: | Johannes Gallé; Rodrigo Oliveira; Daniel Overbeck; Nadine Riedel; Edson Severnini |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of how firms in emerging economies respond to carbon taxation, leveraging detailed administrative data from South Africa—a potential trailblazer for other developing countries with limited state capacity amid the growing global push for carbon pricing. We examine the dynamic impacts of the carbon tax on firm-level outcomes—such as profits, sales, capital, and labour inputs—across manufacturing and mining firms, which are key sectors in the context of the carbon tax. |
| Keywords: | Carbon pricing, Carbon tax, Firm performance, Employment |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-33 |
| By: | Magalhaes, Marilia; Bryan, Elizabeth; Ringler, Claudia; Nyukuri, Elvin; Choudhury, Zahid ul Arifin |
| Abstract: | As in other low- and middle-income countries, more intense climate hazards and a warmer climate negatively impact agricultural production and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Kenya, as well as household diets, national food security and gender equality. Improving climate policy and investments to address these negative impacts requires suitable policy and investment structures that are, moreover, adequately networked among each other and with equity and nutrition efforts for effective climate action. This paper explores the institutional arrangements of the climate change policy landscape in Kenya by mapping governmental and non-governmental actors involved in climate action and how connected and influential they are. Data for this paper was collected through two participatory workshops, one at the national level and one at the county level, using the Net-Map approach. This approach provides novel insights into the highly complex climate policy landscape in Kenya. Although several climate policies and actions are in place in the country, workshop participants called for better coordination across climate change actors and stronger implementation capacity. The recent structural changes in the donor landscape might be an entry point for better alignment and coordination among different actor groups, and specifically among different government actor groups. A lack of operational monitoring and evaluation systems was also considered an important impediment to assess to what extent women and other vulnerable groups are benefitting from climate action in the country. |
| Keywords: | climate change; gender; nutrition; stakeholders; policies; impact; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:174475 |
| By: | Chene, Oriane (École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France); Chambaron, Stéphanie; Gaëlle, Arvisenet; Laurence, Dujourdy |
| Abstract: | To preserve the planet's ecosystems and ensure the well-being of its inhabitants, the adoption of more sustainable diets is necessary. At present, however, consumer dietary practices often remain unsustainable. One main barrier to adopting sustainable diets is the lack of both knowledge and motivation. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether a link exists between knowledge about sustainable diets and sustainable eating practices, and whether this link is mediated by motivations. Additionally, we compared the respective roles of objective and subjective knowledge about sustainable diets. To this end, 273 participants aged 20 to 60 years responded to questionnaires about their motivations concerning sustainable food choices, as well as their objective and subjective knowledge about sustainable diets, and their self-reported sustainable eating practices. A PLS-SEM model was used to analyze the relationships among these variables, demonstrating good reliability of the indicators, internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, and no multicollinearity. The predictive power of this model was found to be satisfactory, with 18% of the variance explained for motivations and 34% for practices. Our results indicate a significant link between knowledge about sustainable diets and sustainable eating practices, with motivations acting as a crucial mediator in this relationship. This finding was confirmed for both objective and subjective knowledge. Subjective knowledge was thus also revealed to have a direct effect on sustainable eating practices. These findings suggest that the manner in which individuals perceive their own knowledge about sustainable diets may have a greater impact on their practices than their actual knowledge, and that motivations play a central role in shaping sustainable behaviors. |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hwc2p_v1 |
| By: | Mehdi Abbas (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Souvent appelé CBAM, selon l'acronyme anglais, pour Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. 3 Commission européenne (2024), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, disponible à l'adresse suivante : https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/carbonborder-adjustment-mechanism_en. 4 D. PRESTRE, « La mise en économie de l'environnement comme règle. Entre théologie économique, pragmatisme et hégémonie », Écologie et Politique, 2016/1, n° 52, p. 19-44. |
| Keywords: | Union européenne, multilatéralisme, gouvernance climat-énergie-commerce, gouvernance polydimensionnelle, mécanisme d’ajustement carbone aux frontières, économie politique internationale de la décarbonation, transitions écologique-énergétique internationale |
| Date: | 2025–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05042616 |
| By: | Nicola Garbarino; Sascha Möhrle; Florian Neumeier; Marie-Theres von Schickfus |
| Abstract: | Key Messages• At the EU level, underinsurance is widespread and poses fiscal risks. The debate in Germany reflects a broader need for insurance-based climate adaptation mechanisms.• Public expectations of government flood aid in Germany are surprisingly low – putting common concerns of moral hazard and “charity hazard” into perspective.• When informed about generous past aid, households – especially uninsured ones in low-risk areas – show significantly more support for mandatory flood insurance.• This change is driven by fairness concerns rather than self-interest or beliefs about overall efficiency.• Overall, firms also have low aid expectations. Support for insurance increases or decreases depending on prior aid expectations and current insurance status. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpb:_74 |
| By: | Iost, Susanne; Lüdtke, Jan |
| Abstract: | In sechs Workshops im Rahmen der Charta für Holz 2.0 im Dialog wurde das Thema Kreislaufwirtschaft mit Holz diskutiert. Aus den Ergebnissen lässt sich ein differenzierter Blick auf eine Transformation hin zu einer Kreislaufwirtschaft in der Holzindustrie ableiten. Da die Mehrheit der Teilnehmenden selbst aus dieser Branche stammt, ist eine gewisse Voreingenommenheit anzunehmen. Die Teilnehmenden äußerten ein sehr umfassendes Verständnis von Kreislaufwirtschaft und verstehen diese als einen Prozess des ganzheitlichen Denkens und Handelns. Die Transformation wird insgesamt weniger als Umbruch, sondern eher als stetiger Weg zu einer nachhaltigen Modernisierung der Holzwirtschaft gesehen. Ziel ist die Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen und die Umsetzungsstrategien umfassen den gesamten Lebensweg eines Rohstoffes oder Produktes - von der Ressourcenentnahme, über das Produktleben bis hin zum Lebensende. Ergänzend dazu waren Strategien zur Reduzierung des Ressourcenverbrauchs, die vor dem eigentlichen Produktlebenszyklus ansetzen, bei den Teilnehmenden besonders präsent. Dieser Fokus ist im Kontext der Veranstaltung nachvollziehbar, da die strukturellen Eigenschaften von Holz seine Verwendung bestimmen und somit Holz als Material nicht uneingeschränkt kreislauffähig ist. Gleichzeitig sehen die Teilnehmenden die Kreislaufwirtschaft im Cluster Forst & Holz allerdings nur in Ansätzen erfolgreich umgesetzt. Die Mehrheit der Teilnehmenden sieht als ökologische Vorteile, die sich aus der Umsetzung einer kreislauforientierten Wirtschaftsweise ergeben, vor allem Klima- und Ressourcenschutz. Als ökonomische Vorteile werden am häufigsten positive Effekte auf Wertschöpfung, Kosten und Innovation verstanden. Die Nennung einer Verringerung geopolitischer Abhängigkeiten und die Stärkung der lokalen Wertschöpfung zeigen den Wunsch nach erhöhter Resilienz... |
| Abstract: | The topic of the circular economy with wood was discussed with participants in six workshops during a Charter for Wood 2.0 in Dialogue event. The results provide a very differentiated view of a transformation towards a circular economy in the wood industry. As the majority of participants themselves come from this industry, a bias can be assumed. The participants expressed a very comprehensive understanding of the circular economy and consider it a process of holistic thinking and action. Overall, transformation is less perceived as a radical change and more as a steady progress towards sustainable modernization of the timber industry. The aim is to close material cycles and implementation strategies cover the entire life of a raw material or product - from the extraction of resources, through the product's life to the end of its life. In addition to this, strategies that reduce resource consumption and start before the actual product life were particularly present among the participants. This focus is understandable in the context of the event, as the structural properties of wood determine its use and therefore wood as a material is not fully recyclable. At the same time, however, the participants believe that the circular economy has only been successfully implemented to a limited extent in the forestry & wood cluster. The majority of participants see ecological benefits as the main advantages of implementing a circular economy, above all climate and resource protection. Positive effects on value creation, costs and innovation are most frequently cited as economic benefits. Reduced geopolitical dependencies and increased local value creation show the desire for an increased circular economy. |
| Keywords: | Kreislaufwirtschaft, biobasierte Wertschöpfung, nachhaltige Modernisierung, Holzwirtschaft, Kaskadennutzung, circular economy, bio-based value creation, sustainable modernisation, timber industry, cascading utilisation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:316404 |
| By: | Sachintha Fernando; Katharina Kolb; Christoph Wunder |
| Abstract: | This paper employs a panel event study design to examine the causal effects of the 2013 flood disaster in East Germany on subjective well-being. We merge geo-spatial flood data with longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) to identify individuals in affected municipalities. Our results show that those affected by the flood report a significant life satisfaction drop of 0.17 points on an 11-point scale, which is equivalent to a 2.5% fall from pre-flood levels, in the year after the flood. The effect is more severe in peripheral areas than in central areas, and for low-income individuals than for high-income individuals. However, the effect dissipates by 2015. Additionally, we observe a notable initial decrease in health satisfaction, followed by recovery, while financial satisfaction was largely unaffected. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, flood, quality of life, life satisfaction, health satisfaction, financial satisfaction |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp1224 |
| By: | Paulo Santos (Economics, Monash University.); Benjamin Chipperfield (Economics, Monash University.); Shipra Shah (Forestry, Fiji National University) |
| Abstract: | REDD+ is a promising mechanism for financing carbon sequestration, but limited research exists on the contract designs that maximise this outcome. We estimate the supply of carbon under different agroforestry contracts using primary data collected in Fiji through procurement auctions, artefactual experiments, and household surveys. Our findings indicate that the densest and longest-duration contract offers the most cost-effective opportunities for carbon sequestration. We contrast auctions with contracts defined on the basis of important drivers of bidding decisions (identified using regression trees), under different assumptions of variables that can be used to administratively target beneficiaries. Our analysis shows that for relatively high values of carbon sequestration, auctions outperform such targeted payments, supporting their use for implementing REDD+ in Fiji. |
| Keywords: | agroforestry, auction, REDD+, Fiji |
| JEL: | Q23 D44 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-07 |
| By: | Garrett, Adair; Amekudzi-Kennedy, Adjo |
| Abstract: | Resilience for rail systems may be defined by the set of system capabilities that enable the continued or improved functionality of rail systems exposed to multiple types of hazards, including extreme weather events. Assessing the resilience of rail systems and making appropriate investments may reduce the impacts of threats to system users and infrastructure. However, no studies found by the authors to date have proposed a comprehensive set of metrics that address all the commonly cited resilience capabilities: robustness, flexibility, preparedness, survivability, recoverability, adaptive capacity, and transformative capacity. Based on a review of studies across freight, intercity passenger, and urban transit rail systems, metrics for resilience are identified, categorized, and analyzed along the disruption and recoverytimeline (from before disruption occurrence to long after system recovery). The intent of reviewing such a diverse set of rail system studies is to find appropriate metrics across different agencies, types of systems, and levels of maturity of the agencies’ resilience-building practices. Building upon the review of rail resilience assessment metrics, this first thrust of this research proposes a rail-specific set of metrics to quantify resilience capabilities along the disruption and recovery timeline. These metrics can highlight what interventions can enhance each resilience capability for improved disruption response. The second thrust of this research applies the multi-capability resilience assessment approach to MARTA. Additionally, although resilience and sustainability assessments may provide advantageous information to decision makers in the rail industry, there is no formalized framework for integrating such assessments in rail practices in the US. The third thrust of this research presents a framework to integrate resilience and sustainability into rail planning and resource allocation decision making. This element supports investments in rail to prepare for extreme events, protect the natural environment, enhance economic competitiveness, and improve quality of life. The study could be useful for agencies looking to assess the sustainability or quantify the resilience of a rail network. More broadly, this study may be of interest to transportation practitioners, policy makers, and other stakeholders looking to better characterize transportation resilience by considering physical and organizational capabilities. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Rail, Resilience, Metrics, Performance Monitoring |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt64n2f5zd |
| By: | Floriane Jacquelin (UPR AIDA - Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Jean-Claude Streito (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Louis Paulin (UPR AIDA - Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); François-Régis Goebel (UPR AIDA - Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Valérie Soti (UPR AIDA - Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | As part of a study of functional biodiversity in sugarcane agrosystems aimed at developing management strategies for sugarcane pests, an arthropod trapping system was set up over a two-year period. As a result of these collections, Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter, 1907), a species of bug of American origin, was reported for the first time in La Réunion. Thirty-two individuals of this species were caught in and around sugarcane plots, most of them above 500 m altitude. The biology of the species is presented below. Although its introduction does not appear to be deliberate, this bug already seems to be well established. |
| Abstract: | Spanagonicus albofasciatus (Reuter, 1907), une espèce de punaise d'origine américaine, est signalée pour la première fois à La Réunion. Dans le cadre d'une étude de la biodiversité fonctionnelle en agrosystèmes canniers visant à développer des stratégies de gestion des ravageurs de la canne à sucre, un dispositif de piégeages des arthropodes a été mis en place sur deux ans. Suite aux collectes effectuées, 32 individus de cette espèce ont été capturés dans et à proximité des parcelles de canne à sucre situées majoritairement au-dessus de 500 m d'altitude. Les éléments de biologie connus sont présentés. Si son introduction ne semble pas être volontaire, cette punaise semble déjà bien installée. |
| Keywords: | invasive species, Reunion Island, sugar cane, taxonomy |
| Date: | 2024–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04707216 |
| By: | Jeddi, Samir (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | The increasing share of intermittent renewable energy generation amplifies power price volatility, raising the need for storage technologies such as battery energy storage systems (BESS). However, limited transmission infrastructure, particularly constrained grid connections, poses a major barrier to the deployment of both BESS and further renewable generation. Co-locating BESS with wind and solar assets can increase grid connection utilization and lower project costs. This study examines the effects of grid connection rationing on hybrid PV-BESS systems, accounting for weather-induced generation uncertainty and price fluctuations. Findings indicate that PV and BESS margins exhibit a strong negative correlation, leading to risk diversification. Grid withdrawal constraints substantially reduce contribution margins and increase risk exposure by lowering the diversification effect. In contrast, hybrid PV-BESS systems can reduce their grid injection capacity by up to 60% of their nameplate capacity without significantly affecting contribution margins or risk, as peak solar generation coincides with low power prices. A market premium payment diminishes the diversification benefits of hybrid PV-BESS systems and encourages greater grid connections by inflating the value of generation during low-price periods. These findings suggest that the central features of the German EEG innovation tender scheme for hybrid BESS systems - grid withdrawal constraints and a market premium - created an unnecessary excess burden for taxpayers. |
| Keywords: | PV-battery storage; Grid constraints; Renewable integration; Diversification; Risk mitigation |
| JEL: | C61 C63 D81 L51 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2025_005 |
| By: | Schweinle, Jörg; Banse, Martin; Barrelet, Johna; Brüning, Simone; Cyffka, Karl-Friedrich; Gordillo Vera, Fernando; Iost, Susanne; Kilian, David; Omidi Saravani, Faranak; Weimar, Holger; Wilske, Burkhard |
| Abstract: | This Thünen Working Paper presents the results of the research project "Joint Project: Expansion of a systematic monitoring of the bioeconomy - consolidation phase." The project aimed to further develop the monitoring concept for the German bioeconomy and to update initial monitoring results. This Working Paper refers to the Thünen Working Paper 149 and presents updated monitoring results on the one hand, and approaches to the monitoring of substitution and the recording and tracking of import commodities and their sustainability effects on the other. |
| Abstract: | Dieses Thünen Working Paper stellt die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes Verbundvorhaben: Ausbau eines systematischen Monitorings der Bioökonomie - Konsolidierungsphase vor. Das Projekt hatte zum Ziel, das Monitoringkonzept für die deutsche Bioökonomie weiterzuentwickeln und erste Monitoringergebnisse zu aktualisieren. Diese Working Paper nimmt Bezug auf das Thünen Working Paper 149 und stellt zu einen aktualisierte Monitoringergebnisse und zum anderen Ansätze zum Monitoring von Substitution und der Erfassung und Rückverfolgung Import-Commodities und deren Nachhaltigkeitseffekte vor. |
| Keywords: | bioeconomy, material flow, sustainability, monitoring, bio-based, assessment, Bioökonomie, Stofffluss, Import-Commodities, Nachhaltigkeit, Monitoring, biobasiert, Bewertung |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:316408 |
| By: | Hansjoerg Albrecher; Pablo Azcue; Nora Muler |
| Abstract: | We study optimal dividend strategies for an insurance company facing natural catastrophe claims, anticipating the arrival of a climate tipping point after which the claim intensity and/or the claim size distribution of the underlying risks deteriorates irreversibly. Extending earlier literature based on a shot-noise Cox process assumption for claim arrivals, we show that the non-stationary feature of such a tipping point can, in fact, be an advantage for shareholders seeking to maximize expected discounted dividends over the lifetime of the portfolio. Assuming the tipping point arrives according to an Erlang distribution, we demonstrate that the corresponding system of two-dimensional stochastic control problems admits a viscosity solution, which can be numerically approximated using a discretization of the current surplus and the claim intensity level. We also prove uniform convergence of this discrete solution to that of the original continuous problem. The results are illustrated through several numerical examples, and the sensitivity of the optimal dividend strategies to the presence of a climate tipping point is analyzed. In all these examples, it turns out that when the insurance premium is adjusted fairly at the moment of the tipping point, and all quantities are observable, the non-stationarity introduced by the tipping point can, in fact, represent an upward potential for shareholders. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.19151 |
| By: | Dominik Svoboda (Fogelman College of Business Economics, University of Memphis, United States; Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic); Jan Hanousek, Jr. (Fogelman College of Business Economics, University of Memphis, United States); Velma Zahirovic-Herbert (Fogelman College of Business Economics, University of Memphis, United States) |
| Abstract: | We use major flood events in Florida as exogenous climate events, we assess the role of news coverage and sentiment on property values. Our analysis draws on a rich panel of Florida property transactions, covering the period from 2000 to 2022, which allows us to control for a wide set of user and property characteristics. We find that properties in flood-affected areas experience significant price discounts. These discounts are amplified in cases of negative sentiment and lack of coverage. Indeed, we observe that coverage of flood events is not reliable, as media tends to focus on certain areas, and the coverage is not purely driven by the extent of the damage. Out-of-state buyers demand larger discounts than in-state buyers, as they are more reliant on those information sources. We employ both difference-in-difference and propensity score matching approaches, which support the causality of our findings. |
| Keywords: | Information asymmetry, behavioral finance, real estate markets, peer influence, climate risks. |
| JEL: | R30 G40 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:men:wpaper:103_2025 |
| By: | Czock, Berit Hanna (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the static market and welfare effects of splitting the German bidding zone, comparing a two-zone and a three-zone configuration for a 2030 scenario. Using a state-of-the-art grid and market model with explicit representation of frictions in flow-based market coupling and redispatch, the analysis finds that the investigated two-zone split results in a 1.6% static welfare loss as redispatch cost savings do not overcompensate the negative effect of more transmission constraints in the electricity market. Contrarily, three zones lead to a 4.4% static welfare gain, as redispatch cost decrease further than with two zones and trade between German zones is enhanced due to a reduction of loop flows on interconnectors between Germany’s North and South. However, both bidding zone split options lead to significant distributional effects, with higher consumer costs and increased subsidy expenditures for renewable energy sources (RES), though these effects are less pronounced with three zones. Additionally, welfare effects are sensitive to scenario definition and representation of frictions. All in all, policymakers should carefully assess the uncertain welfare gains against the transition costs of a bidding zone split, while also considering distribution effects and interactions with existing policies such as the RES subsidy scheme. Reducing frictions in redispatch, albeit with new coordination challenges, could potentially achieve similar objectives with lower transaction costs and fewer distributional impacts. |
| Keywords: | Market Design; Electricity Markets; Nodal Pricing; Energy System Modeling; Renewable Energies; Bidding Zones |
| JEL: | C61 D47 D61 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2025_004 |
| By: | Marco Zanotti |
| Abstract: | In an era of increasing computational capabilities and growing environmental consciousness, organizations face a critical challenge in balancing the accuracy of their forecasting models with computational efficiency and sustainability. Global forecasting models, which leverage data across multiple time series to improve prediction accuracy, lowering the computational time, have gained significant attention over the years. However, the common practice of retraining these models with new observations raises important questions about the costs of producing forecasts. Using ten different machine learning and deep learning models, we analyzed various retraining scenarios, ranging from continuous updates to no retraining at all, across two large retail datasets. We showed that less frequent retraining strategies can maintain the forecast accuracy while reducing the computational costs, providing a more sustainable approach to large-scale forecasting. We also found that machine learning models are a marginally better choice to reduce the costs of forecasting when coupled with less frequent model retraining strategies as the frequency of the data increases. Our findings challenge the conventional belief that frequent retraining is essential for maintaining forecasting accuracy. Instead, periodic retraining offers a good balance between predictive performance and efficiency, both in the case of point and probabilistic forecasting. These insights provide actionable guidelines for organizations seeking to optimize forecasting pipelines while reducing costs and energy consumption. |
| Keywords: | Time series, Demand forecasting, Forecasting competitions, Cross-learning, Global models, Machine learning, Deep learning, Green AI, Conformal predictions. |
| JEL: | C53 C52 C55 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mib:wpaper:551 |
| By: | Harris, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | Literature attesting to the existence of a resource ‘curse’ implied that economic prospects for resource abundant nations were poor and out of their hands. Not only had resource abundance created difficult-tomanage structural conditions, but it had also corrupted institutions and, in turn, condemned nations to further negative management of resources in the future. A critical branch of literature rose in opposition, suggesting that the outcomes of resource abundant nations had not been predetermined by their resources, but had been contingent on active institutional management. Correct management could not only have mitigated the immediate structural and institutional impacts of the socalled ‘curse, ’ but it could also have prevented the degradation of these virtuous institutional behaviours themselves. This comment will add to the debate by demonstrating which theory applies better to the case of Chile during its nitrate era: which stated ‘curse’ effects struck Chile, and how culpable was institutional management in this process? I find that whilst there are definite ‘curse’ symptoms, institutional management played a larger role than ‘determinists’ would predict, supporting the ‘activist’ strand of argument. This is not to downplay, however, the pressures that resource abundance exerted, even in countries that had a claim to institutional exceptionality. |
| JEL: | O13 N56 |
| Date: | 2024–11–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126154 |
| By: | Benimana, Gilberthe Uwera; Warner, James; Missiame, Arnold Kwesi |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is central to Rwanda's economy, supporting the livelihood of about 70% of the population and contributing significantly to GDP. Smallholder farmers face many production challenges such as limited use of modern inputs, low productivity, and vulnerability to climate change. Despite efforts like the Crop Intensification Program and the Smart Nkunganire System, which aim to en hance access to resources, agricultural productivity remains suboptimal for Rwanda smallholder farmers. This study seeks to identify specific sources of technical inefficiencies among smallholder farmers, focusing on the total value of farmer’s crop output. By using stochastic frontier analysis, a robust quantitative method for separating inefficiencies and random shocks, the study assessed the overall technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in Rwanda and identified the key factors influencing crop output value. The analysis reveals that fertilizer use, pesticide application, labor, seed use, and land size are key drivers of crop output value. This research further indicates that farmers operate at only 45% of their potential productivity, given the same level of input and technology, highlighting substantial room for efficiency improvements to reach the optimal output value frontier. Furthermore, additional analysis emphasizes the critical role of socioeconomic factors in shaping technical efficiency. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to optimize resource utilization, streamline labor allocation and strengthen access to extension services and government initiatives aimed at boosting agricultural production value. These strategies can substantially improve technical efficiency, enabling farmers to achieve optimal crop output values and advancing Rwanda's agricultural development objectives. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; smallholders; stochastic models; crops; agricultural development; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:rsspwp:174560 |
| By: | Mehdi Guelmamen; Serge Garcia; Alexandre Mayol |
| Abstract: | Inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) is frequently promoted as a solution to improve the management of local utilities such as drinking water. Yet its effectiveness remains ambiguous: while IMC can create economies of scale, it may also induce transaction costs that undermine its benefits. In France, drinking water services are managed at the municipal level, where local governments can decide whether to cooperate—and if so, whether to adopt a purely technical cooperative arrangement or a more politically integrated, supra-municipal governance structure. Using a comprehensive panel of French water utilities from 2008 to 2021, we investigate the factors that lead municipalities to remain independent. Our econometric analysis, based on a correlated random effects probit model with a control function approach, yields several key findings. First, while IMC is associated with higher water prices, these increased tariffs are offset by better network performance, as indicated by lower water loss indices and improved water quality. Second, we find that the more politically integrated form of cooperation is more common among publicly managed utilities and among municipalities seeking to reduce their dependence on imported water. These findings provide new insights into the governance of common-pool resources, suggesting that while cooperation can improve service provision, its institutional design must carefully balance organizational costs against expected efficiency gains. |
| Keywords: | water resource management, public utilities, local government, inter-municipal cooperation (IMC), transaction costs. |
| JEL: | H11 L11 L95 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-07 |
| By: | Duygu Buyukyazici; Olivier Brossard; Ron Boschma |
| Abstract: | The transition toward a circular economy (CE) represents not only an economic shift but also a profound social transformation that fundamentally redefines production, consumption, and policy patterns; thus, it necessitates comprehensive institutional change. This study presents the first macro-level empirical assessment of the CE transition across European regions over recent decades. Afterwards, it examines how regional regulative, normative, and cultural/cognitive institutions influence regional CE performance by also considering crucial confounding factors including EU cohesion funds, regional decentralisation, and the EU Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP). The results reveal strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as the diverse effects of different institutions. Regulative institutions exhibit the most consistent positive effect across and within countries. Normative values matter most within regions, while cultural-cognitive factors modestly support CE efforts. Importantly, combination of all institutional pillars yields the greatest circularity gains. EU cohesion funds significantly boost CE progress, especially in less developed regions, while CEAP marks a structural shift in the role of institutions post-2015. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of coordinated institutional frameworks and targeted policy support for advancing the regional CE transition. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, circular transition, institutions, institutional theory, regions |
| JEL: | Q01 Q50 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2513 |
| By: | Yao, Feng; Hernandez, Manuel A. |
| Abstract: | Low adoption of improved land management practices, including fertilizer use, is one of the main factors for low agricultural productivity in many developing countries. Rising agricultural productivity in many countries has been accompanied by greater fertilizer use. For example, sub-Saharan African countries, characterized by low agricultural productivity, have a very low fertilizer application rate, averaging 10 kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) of nutrients of arable land, compared to 288 kg/ha in a high-income country (Hernandez and Torero, 2011). Considering the essential role that agriculture plays in the rural economy of many developing countries, many policies have been implemented to encourage sustainable fertilizer adoption. The effectiveness of different mechanisms remains though a topic of discussion. Hernandez and Torero (2013) and Hernandez and Torero (2018), for instance, note that fertilizer prices are generally higher in more concentrated markets at the global and local level. The authors argue that better understanding the dynamics of fertilizer prices in international markets can help in designing policies that promote sustainable fertilizer use in developing countries, which are increasingly dependent on imported fertilizer. |
| Keywords: | food prices; fertilizers; agricultural productivity; prices; shock; commodities |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:174361 |
| By: | Honkomp, Tomke; Morland, Christian; Schier, Franziska; Tandetzki, Julia |
| Abstract: | This working paper details the underlying structure of the Timber market Model for policy-Based Analysis - TiMBA - as well as the data and parameters used for modeling. TiMBA is a partial economic equilibrium model for the global forest sector. The market equilibrium is subject to market clearance and constraints, balancing raw materials, product manufacturing, and consumption while limiting international trade (Paul A. Samuelson 1952). The model structure distinguishes three types of roundwood (fuelwood, coniferous and non-coniferous industrial roundwood), two additional raw products for paper production (other fiber pulp and waste paper), two intermediate products (mechanical and chemical wood pulp) and eight finished products (coniferous and non-coniferous sawnwood, veneer sheets and plywood, particle board, fibreboard, newsprint, printing and writing paper, and other paper and paperboard). Except for sawnwood, intermediate and end products are produced from a mix of coniferous and non-coniferous industrial roundwood.(...) |
| Abstract: | Dieses Working Paper beschreibt das Timber Market Model for Policy-Based Analysis (TiMBA) sowie die in dem Modell verwendeten Daten und Parameter. TiMBA ist ein partielles Gleichgewichtsmodell für den globalen Holzmarkt. Die Modellstruktur unterscheidet drei Arten von Rundholz (Brennholz, sowie Nadelholz und Laubholz für die industrielle Nutzung), zwei zusätzliche Rohstoffe für die Papierproduktion (andere Zellstoffe und Altpapier), zwei Zwischenprodukte (mechanischer und chemischer Papierzellstoff) und acht Endprodukte (Nadel- und Laubschnittholz, Furnier- und Sperrholz, Spanplatten, Faserplatten, Zeitungen, Druck- und Schreibpapier sowie sonstige Papiere und Pappen). Abgesehen vom Schnittholz können Zwischen- und Endprodukte aus einem Input-Mix aus Nadelholz und Laubholz hergestellt werden. Exogene Parameter und Annahmen geben einen Leitfaden, wie sich die Gesellschaft und der Forstsektor in der Zukunft entwickeln könnten. Innerhalb des Models werden Holzprodukte, unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft, als perfekte Substitute behandelt solange sie demselben Produkt angehören. Daher wird die Nachfrage nach Holzprodukten lediglich durch Änderungen von Einkommen und Preisen verschoben (Murray et al. 2004), wobei das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) ein wichtiger Treiber des Modells ist. Das Angebot an Rundholz hängt von Holzpreisen und der Wachstumsdynamik der Waldbestände die durch Veränderungen der Waldfläche und Erntemengen bestimmt wird. Basierend auf dem Konzept der Umwelt-Kuznets-Kurve (Panayotou 1993) sind die Entwicklung der Waldfläche und die Holzversorgung an die Entwicklungen des BIP pro Kopf gekoppelt.(...) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:316409 |
| By: | Ingrid Gould Ellen; Daniel Hartley; Jeffrey Lin; Wei You |
| Abstract: | We study the unintended effects of Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) plans developed by 26 states in the 1960s to address insurance redlining in urban neighborhoods. FAIR plans’ problematic features included prohibitions on considering environmental hazards in underwriting, mandatory insurer participation that diluted underwriting incentives, and payouts exceeding market values in declining areas. Using a triple-difference design comparing pre/post-FAIR periods, neighborhoods with/without likely FAIR access, and participating/nonparticipating states, we find that FAIR inadvertently led to significant housing disinvestment and accelerated declines in neighborhood population and income, with simultaneous increases in the Black population share. |
| Keywords: | Arson; Housing disinvestment; Moral hazard; Neighborhoods; Property Insurance |
| JEL: | G52 N92 R31 |
| Date: | 2025–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedpwp:99985 |
| By: | Hasbullah, Nornajihah Nadia; Kiflee, Ag Kaifah Riyard; Arham, Ahmad Fadhly; Anwar, Saiful; Ramachandran, KK |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Electronic waste or e-waste management has emerged as a significant challenge worldwide, which demands technology-driven and innovative approaches to resolve the challenge. A profound disparity continues in existing research employing scientific mapping or bibliometric analysis to pinpoint and scrutinise e-waste recycling actions and how mobile applications mediate the process despite the proliferation of relevant studies. Design/Methodology/Approach: A bibliometric analysis was conducted by gathering data from the Scopus database. Particularly, existing journals, impactful authors, current academic trends, keywords, motivational frameworks, publication nations, and other pertinent topics were investigated by performing a systematic literature review (SLR) with bibliometric techniques on the VOSviewer software. Results: A total of 626 journal articles with 339 keywords were appraised, with the period between 2004 until 2024 being the most prolific. Both the Journal of Cleaner Production and Sustainability (Switzerland) were the leading journals while Li Jinhui of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, was the most impactful scholar. The prior studies identify a popular motivational theories on this topic encompassed Self-Determination Theory, Theory of Consumption Values, Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). The VOSviewer software also depicted the highest contributions from the five nations, namely the United States of America (USA), China, the United Kingdom (UK), India, and Australia, which emphasised international initiatives to resolve e-waste management issues by incorporating innovative technologies. Simultaneously, keyword mapping demonstrated primary themes, including smart e-waste bins, mobile applications, and quick response (QR) codes, which highlighted the higher significance of digital solutions, such as Internet of Things (IoT) -based systems, in enhancing e-waste tracking, gathering, and recycling. Limitations: Future scholars can include other technological areas and more databases, including Web of Science. Conclusions: The existing knowledge corpus was enriched, especially the conceptual models on e-waste management via technological innovations. Mobile applications and relevant IoT applications could assist in optimising recycling processes. Hence, the findings further advanced the current discipline by critically analysing Scopus articles, suggesting future directions, and recommending effective sustainable e-waste management approaches. |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:48b3u_v1 |
| By: | Tomoya Mori (Institute of Economic Research, Kyoto University); Daisuke Murakami (Institute of Statistical Mathematics) |
| Abstract: | This study develops a statistical model that integrates economic agglomeration theory and power-law distributions of city sizes to project future population distribution on 1-km grid cells. We focus on Japan - a country at the forefront of rapid population decline. Drawing on official population projections and empirical patterns from past urban evolution in response to the development of high-speed rail and highway networks, we examine how ongoing demographic contraction and expected reductions in distance frictions may reshape urban geography. Our analysis suggests that urban economies will consolidate around fewer and larger cities, each of which will experience a flattening of population density as the decentralization of urban populations accelerates, while rural areas are expected to experience further depopulation as a result of these spatial and economic shifts. By identifying sustainable urban cores capable of anchoring regional economies, our model provides a framework for policymakers to manage population decline while maintaining resilience through optimized infrastructure and resource allocation focused on these key urban centers. |
| Keywords: | Population decline, Cities, Agglomeration, Sustainability, Distance friction, Power law |
| JEL: | R11 R12 R23 R58 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kyo:wpaper:1117 |
| By: | Khakimov, Parviz; Diao, Xinshen; Goibov, Manuchehr; Ashurov, Timur |
| Abstract: | On March 1, 2023, the Government of Tajikistan adopted a new sectoral program, “Agrifood System and Sustainable Development Program, ” for the period up to 2030. The program defined six priorities, namely (1) strengthening institutions, (2) enabling physical infrastructure, (3) creating an agriculture extension system, (4) ensuring food and nutrition security, (5) ensuring food safety and, veterinary and plant protection, and (6) establishing effectively functioning value chains. The Program aims to ensure sustainable development of the sector and enhance its competitiveness through structural and institutional reforms, by boosting sector productivity, creating new jobs, and ensuring food security. To inform the policy by providing empirical evidence, in this brief, first we assess and compare diverse contributions of different agrifood value chains to broad development outcomes, second, we assess the effectiveness of agricultural productivity-led growth across agrifood value chain groups for achieving multiple development outcomes (economic growth, job creation, declining poverty, and improved diets) and inclusive agrifood system transformation in Tajikistan. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; development; infrastructure; agricultural extension systems; food security; Tajikistan; Asia; Central Asia |
| Date: | 2025–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:174330 |
| By: | Pana Alves (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Olivier Hubert (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | Este trabajo cuantifica en qué medida el grado de eficiencia energética de las viviendas influye en su precio. Para ello, se analizan datos referentes a más de un millón de inmuebles residenciales vendidos en España entre 2015 y 2022. Mediante el uso de un modelo de regresión hedónica, se concluye que una mayor eficiencia energética incrementa, en promedio, el precio de la vivienda en hasta un 9, 7 % con respecto a las más ineficientes. Un efecto que, además, ha aumentado en los últimos años, especialmente en las viviendas con mayor eficiencia energética. De igual modo, tanto el tipo de vivienda como las necesidades de calefacción y de refrigeración del municipio en el que se ubica influyen en la incidencia del nivel de eficiencia energética sobre el precio. Así, en viviendas aisladas (es decir, casas unifamiliares independientes) y en aquellas que se encuentran en localidades con mayores necesidades de calefacción el grado de eficiencia energética tiene un impacto mayor sobre el precio. |
| Keywords: | mercado inmobiliario residencial, eficiencia energética, certificados de eficiencia energética, modelo de regresión hedónica, precio de la vivienda, España |
| JEL: | C21 O18 Q51 Q58 R21 R28 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:opaper:2508 |
| By: | Anaïs Garin (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Mathias Béjean (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Yasmine Saleh (frogLab part of Capgemini Invent); Robert Picard (FSN - Filière Santé Numérique, Forum LLSA); Thomas Lihoreau (Université de Franche-Comté, UR LINC 481, Besançon F-25000, Inserm CIC 1431 - Centre d'Investigation Clinique de Besançon - CHRU Besançon - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - EFS BFC - Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]) |
| Abstract: | Healthcare organizations face numerous clinical, technological, and regulatory challenges to meet the evolving needs of patients. These challenges make the management of innovation projects complex and difficult to grasp for one organisation alone, pushing them to adopt ecosystem strategies. To function, these innovation ecosystems require alignment efforts between heterogeneous actors. While the literature on actor alignment has developed in recent years at the intra-organizational level, little research addresses the concrete realization of this alignment at the inter-organizational level. In this article, we explore the development of such alignment within innovation ecosystems using maturity metrics, such as the Concept Maturity Levels. Our analysis of several use cases in healthcare innovation ecosystems in France reveals that actors use Concept Maturity Levels to map, order, and standardize their activities, skills, and resources, thus enabling their alignment. We contribute to the literature on maturity metrics by suggesting a more extensive and exploratory use of maturity metrics at the inter-organizational level, due to the number and heterogeneity of actors involved. We also contribute to the literature on ecosystems by suggesting concrete practices for aligning actors through the use of maturity metrics. Finally, we present the implications of these findings for the healthcare sector and various opportunities for future research. |
| Abstract: | Les organisations du secteur de la santé font face à de nombreux défis cliniques, technologiques et réglementaires pour répondre aux besoins évolutifs des patients. Ces défis rendent la gestion des projets d'innovation complexe et difficile à appréhender pour une organisation seule, les poussant à adopter des stratégies d'écosystèmes. Pour fonctionner, ces écosystèmes d'innovation requièrent des efforts d'alignement entre des acteurs hétérogènes. Alors que la littérature sur l'alignement des acteurs s'est développée ces dernières années à l'échelle intra-organisationnelle, peu de recherches abordent la réalisation concrète de cet alignement à l'échelle inter-organisationnelle. Dans cet article, nous explorons le développement d'un tel alignement au sein d'écosystèmes d'innovation grâce aux métriques de maturité, telles que les Concept Maturity Levels. Notre analyse de plusieurs cas d'usage dans des écosystèmes d'innovation en santé en France révèle que les acteurs utilisent les Concept Maturity Levels pour cartographier, ordonner et normer leurs activités, compétences et ressources, permettant ainsi à leur alignement. Nous contribuons à la littérature des métriques de maturité en suggérant un usage des métriques de maturité plus extensif et exploratoire à l'échelle inter-organisationnelle, dû au nombre et à l'hétérogénéité d'acteurs impliqués. Nous contribuons également à la littérature sur les écosystèmes en suggérant des pratiques concrètes d'alignement des acteurs par l'usage de métriques de maturité. Enfin, nous présentons l'implication de ces résultats pour le secteur de la santé et les opportunités de recherches futures. |
| Keywords: | innovation ecosystem, alignment, maturity, medical technologies, écosystème d'innovation, alignement, maturité, technologies médicales |
| Date: | 2024–12–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05014162 |