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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Sofia P. Baker (Department of Economics, University of Missouri); J. Isaac Miller (Department of Economics, University of Missouri) |
| Abstract: | To balance the tradeoff between economic activity and climate goals by internalizing the cost of emissions, integrated assessment models calculate a social cost of carbon. Embedded in such models are physical energy balance climate models that typically employ temporally constant climate parameters. We examine the empirical effects of changing surface albedo over time. To this end, we leverage satellite data since 2001 in a state-space model in conjunction with an adaptation of the reverse Kalman filter to estimate incoming energy less albedo over 1850-2023. The results show a decreasing albedo trend over most of the sample. Our estimates are consistent with the snow albedo feedback (SAF) where melting ice leads to declines in albedo, thereby causing increased heat absorption at the surface and further melting. Together, these findings indicate that the heating effects of carbon emissions are amplified by the SAF, the omission of which in the carbon pricing decision leads to underpricing. |
| Keywords: | climate change, energy balance climate model, snow albedo effect, carbon pricing |
| JEL: | C32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umc:wpaper:2605 |
| By: | Adrien Bilal; Diego R. Känzig; Krzysztof Lisiecki |
| Abstract: | This paper documents large indirect mortality impacts of climate change. Exploiting natural global temperature variability, we find that 1°C of warming increases annual mortality by 2.5 deaths per 1, 000 individuals, compared to 0.1 deaths per 1, 000 due to the associated local heat exposure. Using external estimates of the impact of global income on mortality, we show that the macroeconomic effects of global temperature changes explain two thirds of the gap between these estimates. We use this evidence to estimate damage functions in a neoclassical growth model that links mortality and economic activity and accounts for adaptation to mortality impacts. Mortality contributes $400 per ton of CO₂ to the Social Cost of Carbon, or one quarter of total climate damages. These results suggest that economic adaptation has a double dividend by also reducing climate-related mortality. |
| JEL: | E01 I15 O44 Q51 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35832 |
| By: | Ryan Kellogg |
| Abstract: | Should a jurisdiction seeking to cut greenhouse gas emissions use demand-side climate policies that target fossil fuel consumption? Or should it introduce supply-side policies that target extraction? My analysis points to a policy portfolio rather than an either/or choice. ``Leakage'' of emissions to unregulated jurisdictions can be mitigated by combining standard demand-side carbon emissions pricing with supply-side pricing of carbon extraction. Emissions pricing drives leakage by lowering fossil fuel prices abroad; extraction pricing counteracts this effect. Supply-side climate policies in practice, however, do not broadly price extraction but instead narrowly foreclose investments in fossil fuel infrastructure and are thus inefficient. To reduce carbon demand, an alternative to emissions pricing is support for clean energy. I emphasize reforms to transmission planning and utility governance as crucial for unlocking clean energy resources' potential, and I highlight the case for publicly supporting clean energy R&D, including green industrial policy, to reduce carbon emissions not just at home but also abroad. I close by discussing distributional consequences. Domestically, carbon pricing and clean energy subsidies have sharply different distributional profiles. Globally, carbon extraction pricing would harm low-income countries that are also fossil fuel importers, though there also exist low-income fossil fuel exporters that would benefit. |
| JEL: | F10 Q41 Q48 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35830 |
| By: | Blankespoor, Brian; Dasgupta, Susmita; Wheeler, David |
| Abstract: | Air pollution imposes severe health and economic costs worldwide, yet ground-based monitoring data are difficult and expensive to collect, limiting the information available for policy analysis. This paper develops machine learning models to estimate daily air quality using satellite observations, meteorological data, emissions inventories, and geographic information. Data sources include IQAir ground station reports; atmospheric pollutant concentrations from the European Space Agency’s tropospheric monitoring instrument, TROPOMI; and meteorological data from the Copernicus ERA5 Land database. The paper estimates separate random forest models for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, using a random forest algorithm that quantifies variable importance. The results are robust: TROPOMI dominates predictions for fine particulates (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research and meteorological variables providing secondary contributions. For ozone, the meteorological variables are most influential, followed by TROPOMI and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Geographic features matter across all pollutants—elevation, latitude, and coastal proximity consistently rank high, while Köppen-Geiger climate zones vary in importance by pollutant. Temporal tracking is validated by correlating daily monitored versus predicted pollutant levels across urban areas using IQAir ground station data. Median intertemporal correlations exceed 0.69 for all pollutants, with upper quartiles above 0.82 and lower quartiles above 0.53. Although the pilot uses data from April to November 2025, TROPOMI has been available since 2018 and the Copernicus ERA5 Land database provides matching coverage, enabling daily estimates from April 2018 onward on a global terrestrial grid at 0.1-degree resolution. |
| Date: | 2026–09–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11448 |
| By: | Marie Rescan (LBE - Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean-Philippe Steyer (LBE - Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | The green transition cannot be achieved without profound transformations in cities, where nearly 70% of the global population is expected to reside by 2050. Urban metabolism is currently predominantly linear, characterised by high levels of resource imports and the export of most waste. The development of a circular urban bioeconomy can improve both environmental performance and urban selfsufficiency. Human biowaste and excreta are nutrient-rich resources that could partially meet the fertilisation requirements of agricultural areas within the urban hinterland. The use of wastewater sludge on agricultural soils is already practiced, but remains subject to sanitary regulations that may become more restrictive, while source separation of biowaste is improving too slowly, despite legislation mandating accessible source-separation solutions for French households as from January 2024. The transition towards greater circularity of organic matter in urban areas and their hinterland is far from straightforward and requires coordinated changes across a wide range of actors and sectors, from agriculture and food consumption, to waste-treatment infrastructures, as well as consideration of interactions between social, technical, and regulatory drivers. To explore these dynamics, we developed an agent-based model of a virtual city surrounded by peri-urban and agricultural land. The model represents the production and flows of biomass and biowaste: production of biomass (for food, energy, green space), its transformation, its use and consumption, and the sorting and partial recycling and transformation of remaining biowaste, as well as the return to soil of nutriments. It models interactions among 13 stylized agents, namely: agriculture, transformation unit, retailing, urban population, green space, 3 types of waste collectors (for biowaste, greenwaste, or mixed waste), wastewater treatment plank, composter, anaerobic digester, incinerator and landfill.We compare four scenarios varying along two axes inspired by the BETTER prospective 1 , whith low vs. high level of technology, and low or high level of environmental awareness. Our results show that even a moderate surface (approximately 15%) devoted to agriculture within the city's hinterland can meet the demand for locally produced fresh food, provided that such products are available (i.e. fruit and vegetable production). In contrast, organic matter generated within the city remains far from sufficient to supply local agriculture, even in the most virtuous scenarios, potentially constraining yields in organic farming systems which are not allowed to use mineral fertilizers. These findings suggest that, even under favourable social and regulatory conditions, nitrogen recycling major technical innovations will be required to achieve a substantially higher level of circularity between urban organic matter flows and surrounding agricultural areas. |
| Keywords: | socio-technical systems, agent-based modelling, biowaste management, circular bioeconomy |
| Date: | 2026–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05775875 |
| By: | Egamberdiev, Bekhzod |
| Abstract: | Without shifting from conventional to regenerative agriculture, climate change effects are projected to worsen food security by degrading the environment and limiting agricultural development. While regenerative agriculture has become a cornerstone for reconciling environmental protection and agricultural production, regenerative agricultural practices can integrate soil health and biodiversity to improve food security outcomes. This manuscript uses the Life in Transition Survey-2016 to empirically analyse the relationships between regenerative agricultural practices (crop residue, manure application, mixed crop, zero/reduced tillage, and agroforestry) and food security outcomes. By clustering the sample into “High Regenerative Agriculture” and “Low Regenerative Agriculture”, the findings confirm that households adopting high regenerative practices are likely to improve food security outcomes reflected in dietary diversity and food expenditure. |
| Keywords: | Regenerative Agriculture, Food Security, Resilience, Central Asia |
| JEL: | N50 O13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:344070 |
| By: | Alyssa Vespuce Desvarieux (Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business); Taoufik Bouraoui (Rennes SB - Rennes School of Business) |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes the impact of ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) performance on US companies' profitability. We used as proxies CO2 emissions for the environmental component, job satisfaction and gender pay gap for the social pillar, and ethnic diversity on board for the governance pillar. We implemented a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using monthly data during the period from December 2008 to January 2022. Our results reveal that, in the long-term, increasing ethnic diversity on board and reducing gender pay gap contribute to an enhancement in profitability. However, in the short-term, companies' financial performance is found to be affected positively by CO2 emissions and negatively by ethnic diversity on board. Overall, the potential for increased company's performance and the well-being of society when ESG considerations are effectively integrated into corporate strategies should encourage companies to include ESG practices into their business models. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable finance profitability ESG Vector Error Correction Model, Vector Error Correction Model, ESG, profitability, Sustainable finance |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05743284 |
| By: | Killian Baué (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Philippe Delacote (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Antonello Lobianco (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events increasingly challenge forest ecosystems, requiring effective post-crisis interventions. Coping strategies for supply shocks in the forest sector typically rely either on temporal adjustments, such as storage to smooth supply disruptions, or on spatial reallocations, such as transport subsidies to redistribute supply. This study compares these two approaches by simulating crisis wood storage and transport subsidies following a large-scale windstorm affecting French forests. Using the French Forest Sector Model (FFSM), a bioeconomic partial equilibrium framework, we simulate sectoral and carbon sink responses across spatial and temporal scales, and develop a social welfare indicator integrating producer and consumer surplus, policy costs, and carbon externalities. Results reveal trade-offs. Storage stabilizes prices and keeps them higher, at the expense of producer and consumer surplus, but increases overall social welfare through better preservation of the forest carbon sink and greater spatial equity: it reduces transfers toward less affected regions and benefits more severely windstorm-impacted regions. Transport subsidies increase wood mobilization as well as producer and consumer surplus, but perform worse in terms of social welfare gains, and tend to favor regions spared by the windstorm at the expense of those that would need support the most. These contrasting regional patterns highlight how each policy redistributes the burden of the shock across territories, with storage promoting convergence and transport subsidies reinforcing pre-existing disparities. Trade-offs thus arise between market performance and carbon sink preservation, between spatial scales of intervention, and between short- and long-term temporal considerations, offering policy-relevant insights for future forest crisis management. |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation, Carbon assessment, Economic instruments, Forest management, Bioeconomic modelling, Forest multi-risk |
| Date: | 2026–09–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05774021 |
| By: | Jaxa-rozen Marc (European Commission - JRC); Rózsai Máté (European Commission - JRC); Neuwahl Frederik (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The climate targets of the European Union (EU) are defined in relation to historical benchmarks: for instance, the European Climate Law requires net domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990. However, for aviation and maritime transport, primary statistics on emissions are not available at the geographical detail needed to suitably track the contribution of international voyages to domestic emissions. To this end, a suitable calibration methodology was first published in 2024 as part of the Joint Research Centre’s Integrated Database of the European Energy System (JRC-IDEES), harmonizing available statistics to produce an internally consistent decomposition of activity, energy use, and emissions for aviation and maritime transport in the EU and European Economic Area (EEA). The present report documents the updated JRC-IDEES-2024 aviation and maritime methodology, which extends coverage with annual data for 1990-2024 and introduces new policy-relevant indicators such as emissions under the scope of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The resulting open-access dataset matches Eurostat energy balances and distinguishes intra-/extra-EU and/or intra-/extra-EEA departures for each EU Member State, each EEA country, and the United Kingdom. As such, it is consistent with the scope of EU climate policies and can inform further research and decision-making. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc148005 |
| By: | KARGI, Bilal |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to analyze in depth, from a critical perspective, the theoretical and conceptual transformation of the sustainable development paradigm embodied in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study not only examines the conceptual foundations shaped by the Brundtland Report (1987) from a historical perspective, but also discusses how the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the SDGs represents an epistemological leap and proposes a new governance mindset. The principles of “universality, ” “integrality, ” and “leaving no one behind” within the SDG framework are systematically examined to see how they radically reshape fundamental concepts in development theory (growth, prosperity, progress, justice) and what inherent tensions they contain in this process. This article, employing a conceptual analysis and theoretical discussion method, addresses key theoretical criticisms of the SDG perspective along four main axes (green growth/non-growth debates regarding the growth-sustainability paradox, operational and measurability challenges, the dilemmas of multi-stakeholder governance, global political economy, and a critique of justice), accompanied by a broad review of contemporary literature. Furthermore, the transformative methodological impact of the SDGs on scientific research practice – shifts from interdisciplinarity to transdisciplinary approaches, from systems dynamics to new data ecosystems – is detailed. Ultimately, it demonstrates that the SDGs go beyond being mere policy tools, offering a vibrant and contentious scientific paradigm poised to transform the epistemological foundations, methodological toolkits, and normative framework of development studies. However, the future and scientific legitimacy of this paradigm will depend on its capacity to acknowledge the inherent tensions, particularly those centered around the “growth-sustainability” paradox, to courageously address global justice issues, and to lead a radical governance transformation. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Paradigm Shift, Growth-Sustainability Paradox, Green Growth, Degrowth, Post-Growth, Circular Economy, Critical Development Studies, Transdisciplinarity, Systems Thinking, Governance, Global Justice. |
| JEL: | F60 F63 F68 |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127931 |
| By: | Suzon Garnier (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Célestine Guillou (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Lynda Aissani (UR OPAALE - Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean-Denis Mathias (UR LISC - Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anne Tremier (UR OPAALE - Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Marc Blazy (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Carla Barlagne (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Small island territories such as Guadeloupe face acute challenges in solid waste management and limited recycling of organic residues. Strengthening better household biowaste management is essential to advancing a circular bioeconomy and reducing waste management costs. Composting offers a locally adapted solution that can enhance soil quality, support domestic resource valorization, and divert organic waste from landfills. However, adoption remains limited by behavioural and infrastructural barriers. This study investigates the attitudinal and sociodemographic determinants shaping household biowaste sorting and composting practices in Guadeloupe. The research draws on the COM-B model, which conceptualises behaviour as the interaction of capability, opportunity, and motivation. It also uses the Behaviour Change Wheel to identify key behavioural drivers and design targeted interventions for home and community composting. A household survey (n = 241) was conducted, and behavioural determinants were analysed using binomial probit modelling, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis. Results show that physical constraints, such as lack of space and psychological barriers, including perceived complexity and forgetfulness, are the most significant obstacles to composting. Environmental motivation alone is insufficient to induce behavioural change. Three household profiles were identified: indifferent households, motivated and practising households, and motivated but constrained households. Recommendations of targeted policy levers are proposed for each profile to better foster circularity in biowaste management. The study highlights the importance of integrating behavioural insights into circular bioeconomy policies. Differentiated strategies combining education, incentives, and infrastructural support can effectively enhance domestic composting and organic resource recovery in Guadeloupe. |
| Keywords: | Policies, Interventions, Typology, Guadeloupe, Behaviour Change Wheel, COM-B, Composting, Household biowaste |
| Date: | 2026–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05756516 |
| By: | Feras Kaokash (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stéphane Krebs (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Between 2018 and 2021, an unprecedented crisis led to the destruction of 360 million cubic meters of spruce trees by the European spruce bark beetle in Central Europe, with France also being severely affected (Grand Est, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Normandy). Climate change, through an increase in droughts and heat waves, acts as a dual factor by weakening the trees' defenses and accelerating the bark beetles' life cycle. This study presents an agent-based model developed in NetLogo that simulates these dynamics at the individual level (each tree and each bark beetle) on a spatial grid. The model incorporates local climate projections from 1850 to 2100 and links tree growth and vigor to phenology and the dynamics of cooperative insect attacks. The results show that individual rules allow for the emergence of complex large-scale dynamics; the model reproduces the spatial spread of bark beetle outbreaks from tree to tree. Furthermore, without calibration, the model successfully simulates a population peak that coincides temporally with the actual crisis observed in Europe. Designed as an interdisciplinary bridge between ecology, economics, and decision support (as part of the X-RISKS project), this model is currently being enhanced to incorporate a "manager" agent that simulates human decision-making and a detailed water balance. |
| Abstract: | Entre 2018 et 2021, une crise sans précédent a entraîné la destruction de 360 millions de mètres cubes d'épicéas par le scolyte typographe en Europe centrale, touchant également fortement la France (Grand Est, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Normandie). Le changement climatique, par la multiplication des sécheresses et des épisodes de chaleur, agit comme un double facteur en affaiblissant les capacités de défense des arbres et en accélérant le cycle de développement des scolytes. Ce travail présente un modèle à base d'agents développé sous NetLogo qui simule cette dynamique à l'échelle de l'individu (chaque arbre et chaque scolyte), sur une grille spatiale. Le modèle intègre des projections climatiques locales de 1850 à 2100, et met en relation la croissance et la vigueur des arbres avec la phénologie et la dynamique d'attaque coopérative des insectes. Les résultats montrent que les règles individuelles permettent l'émergence de dynamiques complexes à grande échelle, le modèle reproduit la propagation spatiale des foyers de scolytes d'arbre en arbre. De plus, de manière non calibrée, le modèle parvient à simuler un pic de population qui coïncide temporellement avec la crise réelle observée en Europe. Pensé comme un pont interdisciplinaire entre l'écologie, l'économie et l'aide à la décision (dans le cadre du projet X-RISKS), ce modèle est en cours d'enrichissement pour intégrer un agent "gestionnaire" simulant la décision humaine et un bilan hydrique fin. |
| Keywords: | Spruce, Ips typographus, Bark beetle, Water balance, Drought, Climate change, Agent-based model, ABM, NetLogo, Forest, Crisis, Scolyte, Ips typographe, Épicéa, Crise, Forêt, Modèle à base d'agents, Simulation spatiale, Changement climatique, Sécheresse, Bilan hydrique |
| Date: | 2026–09–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05774023 |
| By: | Bolivar, Carlos; Dueñas, Federico; Valencia, Oscar |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how sovereign default risk shapes public investment in climate adaptation. We build a sovereign default model in which governments invest in adaptation to reduce disaster damages. Sovereign risk depresses adaptation through two mechanisms: higher borrowing costs and debt overhang under long-term debt. These effects generate feedback between risk and disaster exposure. Using a new panel of adaptation spending from budget records, we show that after catastrophic disasters spreads rise where prior adaptation was low, and that losses are smaller where adaptation budgets recently increased. In our calibration, adaptation yields the largest welfare gains near the default boundary, where financing is tightest. |
| JEL: | F41 F34 H63 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14759 |
| By: | Sourav Bose; Taoufik Bouraoui |
| Abstract: | While corporate sustainability mandates are expanding, the systemic reliance on self-reported emissions data exposes financial markets to pervasive greenwashing. Current literature relies heavily on subjective ESG ratings or textual sentiment analysis, leaving a critical econometric gap in objectively quantifying physical climate realities. To resolve this information asymmetry, we fuse U.S. SEC financial fundamentals with facility-level EPA greenhouse gas registries to establish a mathematically guaranteed baseline of physical corporate emissions. Leveraging a gradient boosting architecture and Mondrian Conformal Prediction, we quantify the shortfall between self-reported data and this algorithmic baseline into a novel Conformal-Weighted Continuous Divergence (CWCD) metric. Evaluating this divergence via a cross-sectional lead-lag econometric design, we uncover a robust mechanism of market discipline: algorithmic emissions divergence exhibits a severe, statistically significant negative relationship with subsequent market valuation (Tobin's Q) and operational profitability (ROA). Providing definitive evidence against the market blindness hypothesis, this study proves that institutional capital actively prices environmental deception not merely as an ethical lapse, but as a leading indicator of fundamental corporate mismanagement. Ultimately, these findings provide the quantitative justification necessary for asset managers and regulators to deploy algorithmic auditing infrastructure at scale. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2610.02225 |
| By: | Pisch, Frank; Carattini, Stefano; Huang, Hanwei; Singh, Tejendra Pratap |
| Abstract: | Although the environmental impact of trade has been a long-standing concern, there is still scant evidence on the channels through which international market access affects pollution. We exploit the unique episode of China’s world market integration in the early 2000s to provide direct empirical evidence on three such mechanisms, corresponding to each pollution scope: direct pollution at firms’ locations (scope-1), indirect pollution from energy generation (scope-2), and indirect pollution from the supply chain (scope-3). We combine granular satellite data on air pollution with detailed information on manufacturing firms and coal power plants, and leverage exogenous foreign demand shocks for identification. Three main findings emerge: exporting firms reduce local pollution; pollution levels around coal power plants rise due to regional export shocks; and upstream suppliers reduce pollution in the face of export demand shocks to downstream firms. Our findings point to China’s reliance on coal power plants to fuel its export-driven growth as one of the main drivers of the rise in pollution. |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:162611 |
| By: | Narayanasamy Damodaran, Sanjena |
| Abstract: | Article 6 of the Paris Agreement offers India an opportunity to receive payments from other countries for mitigation outcomes at home, and to channel that revenue towards the vast investment that the low-carbon transition requires. Yet while the country can use international carbon markets to help finance its own decarbonisation, it will need to establish the right framework for approving sales of its Article 6 projects. Without this, there is a risk that India will undermine efforts to hit its near-term climate targets and achieve its 2070 net zero goal. This report explores how the country can establish such a framework. The author argues that India should decide whether to authorise sales of carbon credits under Article 6 based on calibrated questions about what to sell, when to sell it and at what price. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2026–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:141188 |
| By: | Wolf, Christina (University of Hertfordshire Business School, Department of Economics and Finance); Peeroo, Aleksandra (University of Hertfordshire Business School, Department of Economics and Finance) |
| Abstract: | This article contributes to debates on green discontent, climate-policy acceptance, and the geography of discontent by showing how experiences of (mis)recognition can turn uneven place-based transition readiness into wider political and emotional discontent in left-behind regions. We develop this argument through the case of Germany's domestic energy transition and the implementation of the Building Energy Act ('Heating Law'), which triggered widespread opposition, particularly in socio-economically marginalised regions of East Germany. Using a sequential mixed-methods design, we combine attitudinal segmentation based on nationally representative survey data (n=2, 048) with 33 semi-structured interviews. Our findings show that through processes of misrecognition, climate policies can become vehicles through which long-standing place-based grievances are vindicated and (re)activated. Discontented East German homeowners experienced climate citizenship as contingent on purchasing power, making the transition an acute reminder of uneven development. The implicit assumption of financial readiness was perceived as a misrecognition of lived realities, generating epistemic mistrust. The expectation of financial participation also devalued non-monetary contributions to the transition, vindicating longer-standing experiences of denied social esteem. Finally, the misrecognition of post-unification development trajectories allowed the policy to attach readily to place-based fears of further disruptive transition and decline. Together, these experiences generated emotions of invisibility, disrespect, fear, and betrayal, creating fertile ground for narratives of expropriation, elite hypocrisy, and systemic unfairness. The article highlights the importance of addressing both uneven readiness and uneven acceptance by creating the material conditions for participation while recognising differentiated lived realities, contributions, and histories of marginalisation. |
| Keywords: | Green discontent; Left-behind regions; Just transition; Recognition; Heating transition |
| JEL: | Q56 Q58 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_010 |
| By: | Tatjana Dahlhaus (Bank of Canada); Madan Ghosh (Carleton University); Yena Joo (Bank of Canada); Stephen Murchison (Bank of Canada); Genevieve Nelson (Bank of England); Rachit Lumb (Bank of Canada); Jonathan Swarbrick (University of St Andrews); Alexander Ueberfeldt (Bank of Canada); Raven Wheesk (Bank of Canada); Yinxi Xie (Indiana University, Bloomington); Yang Zhang (Bank of Canada) |
| Abstract: | Climate change presents significant macroeconomic challenges, particularly for small open economies deeply integrated into global trade and energy markets. Focusing on Canada, we analyze the macroeconomic implications of the transition to a low-carbon economy, paying attention to global and domestic spillovers. On the domestic side, we introduce Energy-ToTEM (E-ToTEM), an extension of the Bank of Canada’s Terms-of-Trade Economic Model (ToTEM), which captures energy sector dynamics, substitution effects, and policy interactions. To account for international forces, we use a global, multi-sector, multi-region general equilibrium model, allowing us to assess international climate policy transmission and global demand implications for Canada. Our results indicate that, under the net-zero scenario, global carbon prices rise persistently through 2050. By 2050, world gross domestic product (GDP) is about 8% lower and Canadian GDP about 7% lower relative to a no-policy benchmark, while inflation rises modestly under the historical monetary policy rule. Monetary policy faces a clear trade-off: strict inflation targeting would deepen the Canadian output loss to about 7.5%, whereas a more accommodative stance would limit it to around 5.5%, at the cost of inflation about 1 percentage point above target. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of accounting for both global spillovers and monetary policy when evaluating the macroeconomic consequences of the transition to net zero. |
| Keywords: | macroeconomic simulations; transition to net-zero; climate policies; scenario analysis |
| JEL: | E27 E52 Q43 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:san:econdp:2604 |
| By: | Schneider Kevin (European Commission - JRC); Klinnert Ana (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report documents the Environmental Master Tables (ENVMAT) framework, a comprehensive data integration system linking heterogeneous environmental datasets with microeconomic data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) based on geolocations. The framework addresses fundamental data interoperability challenges: temporal misalignment between high-frequency environmental observations and annual economic reporting, spatial mismatch between gridded environmental data and point-based observations, and heterogeneity across environmental data sources. We integrate high-resolution climate reanalysis data (AgERA5), soil moisture data (GLEAM), and soil property maps (ESDAC) with approximately 900, 000 FADN observations from 2011 to 2021. A three-phase modular workflow performs dataset-specific processing, multi-scale spatial integration via zonal summary statistics, and produces temporally aligned master tables with optional imputation of missing values. The resulting database provides approximately 10, 000 environmental variables capturing temporal dynamics and spatial heterogeneity across point, 5km radius buffer, and NUTS3 integrations. The framework establishes a reproducible template for environmental-economic data integration at scale, supporting a broad range of applications in policy analysis and environmental economic research. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145995 |
| By: | Csaba Burger (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary)); Péter Szabó (Eötvös Loránd University); Rita Pongrácz (Eötvös Loránd University) |
| Abstract: | Climate change elevated the relevance of fire risk projections for the future, which are essential for estimating the potential changes to expected economic losses, including the changing risk exposure of banking assets and insurance policies. And while the use of empirical models is required to lend credibility to this undertaking, human-induced fires, particularly stubble (or crop residue) fires, distort the observed relationship between weather and fire risk. This paper presents an empirical-statistical model to estimate future fire risk using MODIS satellite data for fire occurrences, the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) as weather-based input, and CORINE Land Cover information. The model is developed for Hungary at a 5 km resolution over the period 2001-2024. In addition, we account for the Human Factor (HF) in fire risk by introducing a Google Trends-based proxy reflecting legislation and public awareness of fire. Alternative definitions of this variable are also tested. Incorporating the HF mitigates omitted variable bias, improves the explanation of past fire occurrences, and reverses the overall KBDI-fire risk relationship to the expected positive sign. Under the pessimistic RCP8.5 scenario, current fire occurrence risk is projected to double by the end of the century, with a potential of reaching a fivefold increase in extreme years, assuming the present HF in fire prevention and land cover flammability remain constant. |
| Keywords: | climate change; fire risk; central banking; KBDI; causal graphs |
| JEL: | G21 G22 Q10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:wpaper:2026/2 |
| By: | José-Luis Cruz (Federal Reserve Bank of New York); Klaus Desmet (Department of Economics and Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, NBER and CEPR); Esteban Rossi-Hansberg (Department of Economics, University of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a system of ocean currents that plays a key role in regulating global climate, including moderating temperatures in Europe and the North Atlantic. Its potential collapse due to global warming is widely considered one of the more likely climate tipping points. This paper examines the economic implications of such a collapse using a dynamic spatially integrated assessment model (S-IAM) of the world economy. Scandinavia and parts of Russia are predicted to experience significant losses in GDP and welfare, while southern Europe, northern Africa, and Brazil benefit from slightly colder temperatures. S-IAMs generally predict that global warming is especially harmful to low-income regions, but an AMOC collapse could mitigate some of these negative impacts in parts of the developing world while instead harming some of the more advanced economies. This lowers spatial inequality, but global welfare drops by 1.9% by 2200 under an intermediate-emissions scenario. |
| Keywords: | climate tipping points, AMOC, spatially integrated assessment models, geography, development |
| JEL: | F18 F64 O11 Q54 Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfi:wpaper:2026-122 |
| By: | José-Luis Cruz; Klaus Desmet; Esteban Rossi-Hansberg |
| Abstract: | The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a system of ocean currents that plays a key role in regulating global climate, including moderating temperatures in Europe and the North Atlantic. Its potential collapse due to global warming is widely considered one of the more likely climate tipping points. This paper examines the economic implications of such a collapse using a dynamic spatially integrated assessment model (S-IAM) of the world economy. Scandinavia and parts of Russia are predicted to experience significant losses in GDP and welfare, while southern Europe, northern Africa, and Brazil benefit from slightly colder temperatures. S-IAMs generally predict that global warming is especially harmful to low-income regions, but an AMOC collapse could mitigate some of these negative impacts in parts of the developing world while instead harming some of the more advanced economies. This lowers spatial inequality, but global welfare drops by 1.9% by 2200 under an intermediate-emissions scenario. |
| JEL: | F18 F64 O11 Q54 Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35811 |
| By: | Ankit Sikarwar; Kathryn Grace |
| Abstract: | Climate change has many forms including warming, extreme weather, and seasonal variability. Drought lies at their intersection, posing both immediate shocks and long term consequences for populations. In such conditions demographic implications remain insufficiently understood. Existing research relies on broad hydrometeorological thresholds that overlook the temporal and livelihood-specific dimensions through which households experience climatic variability. This study strengthens the empirical basis of climate–fertility research by examining how complex and context-sensitive drought exposure shapes women’s fertility intentions in Kenya. In this article, we first describe the spatial and temporal complexity of drought using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), a high resolution measure of drought widely used in climate science, then spatially and temporally harmonize the place-based measure with Kenyan women’s fertility intentions from the most recent nationally representative Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. Using this spatially harmonized data we estimate multilevel logistic models, adjusting for key demographic and socioeconomic predictors of fertility preferences. Results reveal a distinct temporal divergence - immediate drought exposure (past 6 months) was associated with lower odds of wanting a(nother) child, particularly in rural areas, whereas longer drought exposure (past 24 months) is associated with increased fertility intentions in both rural and urban settings. Also, with longer drought exposure there is an increase in uncertain fertility intentions. These effects are robust across exposure measurement strategies but are captured most sharply by the seasonally weighted score that aligns monthly drought with the agricultural calendar. These findings highlight the importance of temporally and contextually refined exposure metrics for understanding how climate variability shapes reproductive intentions. |
| Keywords: | climate change, drought, exposure, fertility intentions, Kenya, East Africa, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE / CLIMATE CHANGE, INTENTIONS DE FECONDITE / FERTILITY INTENTIONS, SECHERESSE / DROUGHT, EXPOSITION AU RISQUE / RISK EXPOSURE, KENYA / KENYA, AFRIQUE ORIENTALE / EAST AFRICA |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idg:wpaper:ri2r8qabkrjgnh2_uhjd |
| By: | Diego R. Känzig; Maximilian Konradt; Lixing Wang; Donghai Zhang |
| Abstract: | We study how business cycle fluctuations shape the pace and direction of innovation. Non-green innovation is procyclical, while green innovation is countercyclical, both over the cycle and in response to economic shocks. We explain this divergence in a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous green and non-green innovation. Green patents derive more value from distant profits, making green innovation less sensitive to short-run fluctuations. Endogenous innovation costs reinforce this mechanism, making green and non-green innovation effective substitutes. Evidence from market-implied patent valuations and scientist earnings supports the mechanism. The model implies larger and greener effects of innovation subsidies during downturns. |
| JEL: | E32 O31 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35795 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | I welcome the IEO’s comprehensive evaluation, which finds that the Fund’s work on climate has had high value for our members. The report provides a well-structured assessment of the Fund’s climate-related engagement across surveillance, lending, and capacity development, highlighting how this work has been anchored in members’ macroeconomic and financial frameworks. To follow up on the IEO’s three main recommendations—which I support, with some qualifications—a Management Implementation Plan (MIP) will be developed, consistent with resource constraints and closely aligned with existing workstreams, including the ongoing CSR, ROC, and FSAP reviews. |
| Keywords: | RSF lending; policy advice; climate work; RSF arrangement; CD-surveillance link; Climate policy; Climate finance; Climate change; Comparative advantage; Global |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2026/019 |
| By: | Pyddoke, Roger (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Swärdh, Jan-Erik (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the magnitudes of two hypothetical compensation schemes in 2030 if motor fuel prices increase successively to reduce CO2 emissions, with the goal of reaching Swedish policy goals for the transport sector by 2030. The two compensation schemes are examined in two price-increasing scenarios: the first, the ESR Scenario, is designed to fulfill the Swedish EU Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) commitments as of 2045; the second, the High Price Scenario, with larger price increases, is designed to reach the current Swedish national policy goal for the transport sector. These scenarios are compared with the Reference Scenario, in which the prices increase modestly, implying that the national policy goal is not reached for emissions from private cars, such that the government must instead purchase emission quotas to fulfill EU commitments. We estimate the effects on both fuel expenditure and welfare. Two levels of lump-sum transfers are made to vulnerable car owners in rural areas based on the mean fuel expenditure in each income octile. The results indicate that compensation can reduce average welfare losses from fuel price increases for rural car owners to a level similar to those of average car owners in large cities. Furthermore, the fiscal cost of these transfers is well below the public revenues from increased taxes, even when incorporating realistic administration costs. In the ESR Scenario, the low transfer amounts render it questionable whether compensation is justified. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy; fuel tax; car ownership; fuel consumption; income distribution; spatial distribution; compensation |
| JEL: | D31 H23 Q52 R12 R48 |
| Date: | 2026–10–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2026_008 |
| By: | Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) |
| Abstract: | ASEAN faces persistent challenges in managing ship waste despite established international obligations under MARPOL and supporting regional frameworks, including the ASEAN Framework of Action on Marine Debris and the Regional Action Plan for Combating Marine Debris. Without harmonised and effective ship waste management procedures, ASEAN risks becoming a weak link in global maritime compliance, potentially undermining regional integration efforts and increasing the risk of illegal waste discharges. ASEAN’s Regional Strategy on Ship Waste Management provides a comprehensive framework for harmonising ship waste management across the region. However, implementation across ASEAN Member States remains uneven. Key constraints include inadequate port reception facilities (PRFs), inconsistent implementation, limited performance assessment, weak compliance and enforcement, and insufficient use of monitoring data to evaluate policy effectiveness. This policy brief argues that ASEAN’s primary challenge lies not in the absence of policy, but in ensuring its consistent and effective implementation across the region. Addressing this challenge requires a co-ordinated regional approach built around four priorities: establishing an outcome-based environmental monitoring framework, prioritising strategic investment in PRFs, strengthening implementation accountability through an ASEAN Ship Waste Performance Assessment Framework, and institutionalising data-driven compliance and enforcement. Together, these measures will improve MARPOL compliance, reduce illegal ship waste discharges, strengthen evidence-based policymaking, and enhance ASEAN’s competitiveness as a sustainable maritime region. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2026–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2026-06 |
| By: | Haldar, Stuti (CIRCLE, Lund University); Pugh, Rhiannon (CIRCLE, Lund University); Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | As green transitions accelerate, the resulting socio-technical transformations often produce uneven spatial impacts, generating 'green' discontent in peripheral and rural regions. Despite the growing discourse on 'just transition', regional policy models frequently overlook the multidimensional nature of justice. Through this study we explore how justice can be conceptualized and operationalized within regional green transitions? Theoretically, we propose a framework – the justice doughnut- that positions the trivalent approach (distributional, procedural, and recognitional justice) in regional development. We situate this framework amidst the evolving tensions between top-down 'directionality' (driven by sustainability mandates and strategic autonomy) and bottom-up 'subsidiarity' (rooted in place-based policy). We hence recontextualise justice as a mutually constitutive space that mediates the governance of regional transformations. Empirically, we illustrate this framework with a case study in Jämtland-Härjedalen, a peripheral region in North Sweden, vital to national transition ambitions. Employing an abductive, multi-method qualitative design - incorporating policy analysis, stakeholder interviews, and deliberative workshops- we examine the multilevel interactions between local, national, and EU actors. The findings reveal pervasive asymmetries in resources and legitimacy, alongside significant intra-regional differentiation. By highlighting how governance logics shape justice outcomes, we offer a generative lens for rethinking just regional development. We, hence, contribute to a deeper understanding of the institutional conditions necessary to reconcile national transition goals with regional equity in peripheral European contexts. |
| Keywords: | Regional development; Directionality; Subsidiarity; Just transition; Peripheral regions |
| JEL: | Q56 Q58 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_002 |
| By: | Jacqueline Tereza da Silva (ELI - Earth and Life Institute [UCLouvain] - UCLouvain - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Valentin Guye (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, ELI - Earth and Life Institute [UCLouvain] - UCLouvain - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Aline Martins de Carvalho (USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo); Andrea Garcia (ELI - Earth and Life Institute [UCLouvain] - UCLouvain - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Federico Cammelli (CAM - University of Cambridge [Cambridge, UK]); Dominic Moran (The University of Edinburgh); Rafael de Oliveira Silva (The University of Edinburgh); Erasmus zu Ermgassen (ELI - Earth and Life Institute [UCLouvain] - UCLouvain - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain) |
| Abstract: | Background Cattle ranching is the leading proximate driver of deforestation in Brazil. Efforts to eradicate deforestation could incur a trade-off between forest conservation and agricultural production, as conservation constrains the supply of new agricultural land and requires investments in traceability and improved agricultural production, potentially negatively affecting consumer welfare through increased retail prices. We estimated the effect of deforestation on consumer prices using supply chain data for 2980 beef products in Brazil. MethodsWe investigated the effect of deforestation on retail prices using a regression model with neighbourhood fixed effects and covariates, including sanitary inspection level, product type, distance from meatpacker to retail store, supply chain monitoring, and retail store size. The model was informed by a directed acyclic graph and the analysis plan was preregistered.Findings We found no evidence that deforestation rates in regions where beef products were sourced affected retail price (R$-1⋅26/kg, 95% CI -2⋅66 to 0⋅13 [US$0⋅26/kg, 0⋅515 to 0⋅025]). Similarly, the implementation of sustainable procurement criteria by meatpackers did not affect prices (R$-1⋅71/kg, -4⋅00 to 0⋅57 [US$0⋅33/kg, -0⋅78 to 0⋅11]). The main predictors of price were product type, sanitary inspection, and supply chain length.Interpretation Beef products with varying deforestation footprints appeared to be marketed through similar supply chains and priced similarly to consumers. This lack of transparency along the supply chain creates a market failure and weakens incentives for sustainable production. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05774933 |
| By: | Ortiz-Riomalo, Juan Felipe; Ramírez-Ramón, David; Engel, Stefanie; Koessler, Ann-Kathrin |
| Abstract: | Perceived and geographical distance among relevant actors can hinder prosocial behaviour and challenge environmental governance. Perspective-taking (the act of considering another's perspective and circumstances) can help overcome these challenges, but its impact is far from straightforward and depends on the mechanisms it activates. We further conceptualise and explore these, focusing on the potential impacts of perspective-taking on values, perceptions and affect. Our exploratory analysis is based on an extended literature review and (qualitative and quantitative) data from an economic experiment involving 205 farmers in the lower section of an Andean watershed. In the experiment, farmers decided on a donation that would support farmers upstream, who are relatively less well-off but have contributed to stable water provision downstream. Some participants were induced to engage in perspective-taking either through a video or a field visit before deciding on their donation. We elicited their reasons for (not) donating and systematically analysed these. We show that perspective-taking fosters values (namely, outgroup solidarity and other-regarding preferences), perceptions (of closeness), and affect (compassion) among otherwise distant actors. Yet prosocial behaviour is only strongly associated with other-regarding preferences. Values, so far underexplored, thus emerge as a key pathway linking perspective-taking with prosocial behaviour. However, a comparison across experimental conditions suggests that this impact of perspective-taking arguably depends on the information medium, which shapes participants' assessments of both others' relative needs and the possibilities for helping. This value-based pathway, along with the specific impact of perspective-taking procedures, invites future research. |
| Keywords: | perspective-taking, values, prosocial behaviour, environmental governance |
| JEL: | D64 Q57 D91 H41 Q25 Q24 Q10 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:344049 |
| By: | Haldar, Stuti (CIRCLE, Lund University); Bazaz, Amir (Indian Institute for Human Settlements) |
| Abstract: | India's green transition is framed as a vision of energy security, developmental ambition, and strategic autonomy. We argue, however, that the expansion of renewable energy in India increasingly depends on financial circuits embedded in the US dollar-centered global credit hierarchy. Through a Global Credit View, we surface how the Indian state pursues energy sovereignty through a strategic dependence - building and deploying public institutions that de-risk projects, stabilise revenue streams, and render renewable infrastructure investable for transnational capital. Focusing on critical institutional nodes, we trace how they convert domestic energy assets into financial claims suited to offshore credit markets. This architecture enables rapid scale-up and preserves state-led directionality in institutional terms, yet it also deepens exposure to currency volatility, global financial cycles, and creditor discipline. India's energy transition, we argue, is therefore not only a techno-industrial project, but also a monetary settlement structured by 'strategic' subordination. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition; Transition finance; Infrastructure governance; Energy gigantism; Global credit hierarchy |
| JEL: | F34 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_004 |
| By: | Craig-Scheckman, Madeline; Keen, Trissanne; Zhang, Terry; Alavi, Sarasadat; Toman, Michael A. (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Lithium iron phosphate batteries are important for storing intermittent renewable electricity and powering electric vehicles. This report assesses the extent to which the battery supply chain can be “friendshored, ” now that clean energy tax credits are subject to stringent limits on involvement of “prohibited foreign entities.” This is not simply a matter of where materials are sourced: the regulated battery inputs also include manufacturing equipment, intellectual property, and technology licensing. The requirements are most problematic for the “midstream” segment of the supply chain—the processing of extracted critical minerals. “Upstream” (mineral extraction) and “downstream” (manufacture of battery components) inputs are less likely to be constrained. To be compliant, manufacturers must find new sources, scale up investment, and reduce dependence on technologies developed by prohibited foreign entities. Scenario analysis indicates that the supply chain is unlikely to be sufficiently friendshored before costly restrictions are triggered. Compliance timelines should reflect industrial realities in the sector. |
| Date: | 2026–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:report:rp-26-12 |
| By: | Buchner, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Die dramatischen ökonomischen Folgen des Klimawandels werden in dem in weiten Teilen der Wirt-schaftswissenschaft vorherrschenden neoklassischen Paradigma fundamental unterschätzt. Das hat auch mathematische Gründe, da dort Gleichgewichtsmodelle dominieren, die für die nichtlineare Struktur des Klimasystems ungeeignet sind. Wir schlagen daher eine "kritische mathematische Ökono-mie" vor, um einen solchen Missbrauch mathematischer Modelle zu kritisieren, bessere Modelle zu entwickeln, und auch über den Kapitalismus hinausweisende Wirtschaftsweisen mit Methoden aus der Mathematik und Informatik zu unterstützen. Es geht dabei insbesondere um die Möglichkeit und Not-wendigkeit einer ökologischen und demokratischen Wirtschaftsplanung, auch mit Blick auf aktuelle KI-Entwicklungen. Wir betrachten sowohl technische Möglichkeiten als auch die Ambivalenz von KI aus progressiver Sicht genauer (inkl. verschiedener grundlegender Definitionen, was "KI" genau bedeutet), mit einem Fokus auf Nachhaltigkeit, Kreislaufwirtschaft und Wirtschaftsdemokratie. |
| Abstract: | The dramatic economic consequences of climate change are fundamentally underestimated by the neoclassical paradigm that prevails in much of economic science. There are also mathematical reasons for this, as equilibrium models dominate in this field, and these models are unsuitable for the nonlinear structure of the climate system. We therefore propose a "critical mathematical economics" to critique such misuse of mathematical models, develop better models, and support economic systems that go beyond capitalism using methods from mathematics and computer science. In particular, this concerns the possibility and necessity of ecological and democratic economic planning, also in light of current AI developments. We take a closer look at both the technical possibilities and the ambivalence of AI from a progressive perspective (including various fundamental definitions of what "AI" actually means), with a focus on sustainability, the circular economy, and economic democracy. |
| Keywords: | democratic economic planning, , circular economy, mathematical economics, nonequilibrium climate modelling, AI |
| JEL: | A12 C02 Q54 Q57 P21 P41 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:344040 |
| By: | Anna French; Nicholas Vreugdenhil |
| Abstract: | We identify a new channel for regulatory leakage: the “permitting channel”. In many settings, permits lock in the regulatory regime at approval, allowing firms to acquire the option to invest under current rules. Unlike the conventional Green Paradox response, this channel operates without accelerating physical investment and pollution. We develop a framework in which firms can use real options to avoid anticipated regulation. We estimate the framework using Colorado’s oil and gas reforms, where permits surged before regulation but drilling did not. Policy-relevant designs that remove the permitting channel substantially reduce the health risks from pollution despite amplifying anticipatory investment. |
| JEL: | Q0 Q4 Q5 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35794 |
| By: | Abajian, Alexander C.; Fergusson, Anika S.; Lu, Chenhui; Upadhyay, Sakshi |
| Abstract: | Arceo et al. (2016) (AHO) examine the effects of air pollution on neonatal and infant mortality in Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico. The authors estimate these effects using administrative data on infant mortality across CDMX municipalities in conjunction with measured hourly pollution concentrations, using both two-way fixed effects and an IV approach that exploits thermal inversions. The IV results show that a 1µg/m3 increase in average maximum daily coarse particulate matter (PM10) raises weekly infant mortality by 0.23 deaths per 100, 000 births and that a 1 ppb increase in carbon monoxide (CO) raises infant mortality by 0.0046 deaths per 100, 000 births; both effects are significant at the 1% level. First, we successfully reproduce all results in the main paper from the provided analysis data; some minor differences emerge between our reproduced results and the reported coefficients, but they do not affect the qualitative findings. Second, we attempt to reconstruct components of AHO's analysis sample using publicly available data. While differences in data availability and processing limit direct comparability, the reconstructed data preserve the direction of the original results and retain statistical significance in some specifications. The degree of agreement varies across reconstruction exercises: estimates are often less precise, losing statistical significance in several specifications-particularly for CO- and frequently fall outside the authors' original confidence intervals. Finally, we verify the authors' results are robust to alternative choices for sample selection and standard error choices. |
| Keywords: | Replication, Reproducibility |
| JEL: | I1 O1 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:323 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Since the 2025 Spring Meetings, the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) has published its first Evaluation Policy, which integrates recommendations from the Fourth External Evaluation of the IEO. The IEO is also progressing on its ongoing evaluations of IMF Advice on Fiscal Policy, The IMF and Climate Change, and IMF Engagement on Debt Issues in Low-Income Countries. |
| Keywords: | evaluation Policy; IEO web page; evaluation principle; IEO's evaluation; evaluation processes; Climate change; Debt sustainability analysis; Climate policy; Debt sustainability; Government debt management |
| Date: | 2025–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2025/036 |
| By: | Kirkcaldy, Hollye; Prosser, Annayah Miranda Beatrice (University of Bath); MacLennan, Keren (University of Bath); Demski, Christina |
| Abstract: | As extreme heat becomes a more frequent consequence of climate change, understanding how marginalised populations experience it is critical for adaptation. Disabled people are routinely categorised as ‘at-risk’, yet research largely quantifies heat risk at population level, leaving lived dimensions of heat experience for Disabled people under-explored, particularly in the UK. Drawing on theories of ableism and psycho-emotional disablism, this qualitative study asks how Disabled people in the UK experience extreme heat and what shapes their capacity to adapt. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 self-identified Disabled adults across the UK between July and September 2025 and analysed data using Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Across three main themes, participants depict heat as an actively disabling environmental condition which erodes capacity, diminishes identity, exposes ableist assumptions in adaptation and is mediated by material and structural conditions across housing, care and urban infrastructure. Current adaptation frameworks contain significant blind spots, including the temporal and psycho-emotional dimensions of heat harm, and are, in some respects, actively harmful for Disabled people. Addressing this requires a fundamental interrogation of whose knowledge informs the design of heat adaptation policy in the UK. |
| Date: | 2026–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2tg87_v1 |
| By: | Dhara, Chirag; Cederlöf, Gustav; Cordero, Viviana; Mauri, Carolina; Pico, Tannya; Bhar, Soumyajit |
| Abstract: | In the pursuit of sustainable development, Global South countries face the challenge of advancing wellbeing without breaching environmental limits. A central question for development policy is what institutional and policy configurations can deliver high levels of human need satisfaction at low ecological cost. We address this through structured comparative case studies of Cuba, Costa Rica and Ecuador: three middle-income countries achieving health and educational outcomes comparable to higher-income nations with considerably lower environmental impacts, while also differing widely on the political-economic spectrum. Situating them within a social provisioning framework, we analyse the exogenous endowments, external conditions, structural-institutional configurations and concrete policies that account for their performance. Five cross-cutting patterns emerge across otherwise divergent political contexts: 1. sustained public investment in health and education, protected from fiscal volatility even during economic crises has been the foundational mechanism of needs satisfaction among all three; 2. periods of institutional stability have been preconditions for transformative legislation; 3. land tenure reform and food system restructuring have functioned simultaneously as instruments of ecological governance and social equity; 4. organised civil society has proved facilitative for sustaining provisioning gains across political transitions, although in Cuba such organisation has occurred within the politicised framework of the state; and 5. low energy and material throughput has been induced at least partly by resource constraint rather than by design. For the Global South, these cases offer a spectrum of configurations that can enable the satisfaction of human needs at moderate levels of affluence. |
| Date: | 2026–09–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2ru8m_v1 |
| By: | Asad, Saher; Behrer, A. Patrick; Heger, Martin; Yanez Pagans, Monica |
| Abstract: | Ambient air pollution is a major health risk, but its implications for human capital formation are not well understood, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where exposure is high. This paper estimates the causal effect of sustained exposure to fine particulate matter on primary-school learning in rural Punjab, Pakistan. The paper combines longitudinal student achievement data from the Learning and Educational Achievements in Punjab Schools project with high-resolution satellite-based fine particulate matter estimates. To address endogeneity of pollution to local economic activity, the analysis exploits plausibly exogenous variation generated by open burning of agricultural residue interacted with wind direction, constructing school-year measures of upwind fire exposure as instruments for local fine particulate matter. The instrumental variable estimates show that higher school-year fine particulate matter significantly slows learning, with larger effects in mathematics than in language subjects. The results are consistent with impacts operating during instructional months: pollution exposure during the school year predicts lower achievement, while exposure during vacation months has little explanatory power. The findings show statistically imprecise heterogeneity by age and gender, opposite to patterns found in comparable settings. The analysis is organized around a simple framework in which learning depends on attendance, cognition, effort, and instructional quality, each a function of exposure to poor air quality. Pollution increases student absences, but this attendance channel explains only a small portion of the total effect, implying that most of the learning loss is non-attendance-related and likely operates through the framework’s other channels — direct effects on cognition, reduced effort, and degraded instructional quality. |
| Date: | 2026–09–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11463 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Since the 2025 Annual Meetings, the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) completed its evaluation on IMF Advice on Fiscal Policy and announced plans to launch evaluations of “IMF Advice on Monetary Policy” and “Political Economy Considerations in IMF Work.” The IEO is also progressing on its ongoing evaluations of “The IMF and Climate Change” and “IMF Engagement on Debt Issues in Low-Income Countries.” |
| Keywords: | IMF advice; Ieo website; IMF engagement; evaluation office of the IMF; management implementation; Debt sustainability analysis; Debt sustainability; Climate change; Climate finance |
| Date: | 2026–04–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2026/009 |
| By: | Coordinators:; Oswalt, Sonja N.; Bush, Renate; Murray, Lara T.; Walker, David |
| Abstract: | This publication provides authoritative updates to the Nation’s forest resource statistics reported in “Forest Resources of the United States, 2017” and the 2020 Resources Planning Act (RPA) Assessment using adapted Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Resource data tables present estimates of forest area, volume, mortality, growth, removals, timber products output, and more in various ways within the context of changes since 1953. Downloadable tables are available via the Research Data Archive at: https://doi. org/10.2737/WO-GTR-107-s1 |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:413140 |
| By: | Ngov, Meng Yu; Vézina, Pierre-Louis; Tran, Trang Thu; Nayyar, Gaurav |
| Abstract: | This paper documents how foreign firms, inputs, and subsidies have shaped the development of Viet Nam’s solar panel industry. The analysis uses firmto-firm transaction data from Panjiva as well as firm-level data from the Viet Nam’s Enterprise Survey to trace solar panel value chains. It uncovers three key findings. First, parts and components from subsidizing countries are 30 percent cheaper than alternatives. Those from China, which provides the majority of solar inputs to Vietnamese producers, are cheapest. Foreign green subsidies may thus spill over across countries via value chains. Second, Chinese FDI firms dominate Viet Nam’s solar industry, accounting for 75% of exports and 50 percent of jobs, and they export solar panels that are 38 percent cheaper than those of other producers in Viet Nam. Third, local firms supplying parts and components to these Chinese FDI firms experience positive productivity gains. The findings show how Viet Nam’s solar boom emerged through deep integration into China’s subsidized supply chains. |
| Date: | 2026–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11478 |
| By: | Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Pugh, Rhiannon (CIRCLE, Lund University); Miedzinski, Michal (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission); Sasso, Simone (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission) |
| Abstract: | Rural regions encompass a wide variety of contexts, often facing challenges such as population decline and ageing, or limited infrastructure and services. Yet, rural territories can also be unique places for experimentation and serve as sites of transformative, sustainability-oriented development. We contribute with the development of a theoretical perspective on rural transition pathways that connects rural pre-conditions across industrial, social, and ecological dimensions with distinct varieties of innovation—technological, community-based, and nature-based—and with system effects achieved through two key elements: change agency and rescaling. We identify four archetypes of transition pathways in rural areas: rescaling a rural niche, transforming an existing industry, a community-based pathway, and a nature-based pathway, and provide an empirical illustration for each. The archetypes capture variations of possible transition pathways grounded in theoretical differences in the processes leading to system change. As such, the archetypes are propositions regarding why and how sustainable and inclusive system change can occur in rural regions. |
| Keywords: | rural development; science and technology innovation; transition pathways; agency; rescaling; place-based policy; foundation economy; nature-based innovation; bioeconomy |
| JEL: | O18 Q01 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_014 |
| By: | Schnell, Tamara (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg) |
| Abstract: | Legitimacy is of central importance for the establishment of technological and social innovations in sustainability transitions. The literature broadly conceptualizes the process of legitimating innovations as their alignment with institutionalized context structures. However, as transitions can be defined as (de)institutionalization processes themselves, they highlight the complexity of social orders. Therefore, this paper argues that legitimation not merely involves aligning with context structures, but rather the active and strategic social construction of legitimate relations between the innovation (object of legitimacy), the institutions (criteria for evaluation), and the evaluating actors. Building on this relational perspective, the paper develops a conceptual framework for analyzing legitimacy gaps – perceived inappropriatenesses concerning these relations – as constitutive entry points for legitimation and illegitimation strategies. The framework distinguishes two interrelated action spaces, in which these relations are dynamically constructed and stabilized: the evaluation space and the transformative action space. In these spaces, actors negotiate legitimacy gaps through a dynamic interplay of evaluation, challenge, and response, incrementally constructing (il)legitimacy relations. The framework is illustrated through the case of negotiations regarding the (il)legitimacy of wind energy installations in forested areas in Germany. By shifting focus from alignment to the interplay of micro-level actor dynamics, this paper advances institutional perspectives in transition research. By providing analytical tools to examine situational dynamics of (il)legitimacy constructions, it contributes to a deeper understanding of how innovations become established and (de)institutionalization evolves incrementally in sustainability transitions. |
| Keywords: | Legitimation; Illegitimation; Institutionalization; Sustainable transitions; Conceptual framework |
| JEL: | O33 Q42 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_015 |
| By: | Haldar, Stuti (CIRCLE, Lund University); Peddibhotla, Ananya (Department of Urban Planning and Public Policy, University of California, Irvine); Bazaz, Amir (Indian Institute for Human Settlements) |
| Abstract: | India's commitment to net zero by 2070 has sparked a significant energy transition, prompting policy shifts and infrastructure reconfigurations. This paper explores these transitions within Mumbai's electricity sector, focusing on the informal settlements, where nearly 41 percent (approx. 9 million people) of the city's population resides. Two competing narratives are at play here: top-down imaginaries frame slums as infrastructural disruptions, while grassroots movements emphasize energy justice and livelihood security. We use an inductive case study approach to examine institutional work practices in Mumbai's highly regulated and privatized electricity sector and explore how slum communities resist exclusion and challenge dominant infrastructure narratives. By analysing micro-cases of informal settlements, we show how grassroots action can reshape exclusionary electricity infrastructures and align energy transitions with justice outcomes. Our findings reveal that energy justice for marginalized communities requires creating dynamic spaces for contestation outside of rigid regulatory frameworks. We contribute to the broader understanding of energy transitions as socio-technical processes that intersect with issues of inequality, exclusion, and the risks associated with the twin crises of climate change and energy as an input for development. |
| Keywords: | Energy justice; Informality; Urbanisation; Institutional work; Energy transition |
| JEL: | O17 O18 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_010 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Executive Directors welcomed the report of the Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) on the IMF and Climate Change and its well-structured assessment of the Fund’s engagement across surveillance, lending, and capacity development. Most Directors concurred with the report’s positive assessment that the Fund’s work on climate, anchored in members’ macroeconomic and financial frameworks, has provided high value for the membership and the Global Climate Architecture. They noted that the initial phase of implementation involved upfront investment costs and significant institutional learning, with efficiency improving over time as capabilities, organization, and coordination strengthened. Most Directors agreed with the evaluation’s assessment that there is scope to further strengthen the application of the new climate approach, and supported the IEO’s key recommendations for improvement with some qualifications regarding specific suggestions. Noting that some of the challenges are common to many workstreams, Directors stressed the need for close alignment with current and upcoming workstreams, including the Comprehensive Surveillance Review (CSR), Review of Program Design and Conditionality, Financial Sector Assessment Program Review, and Review of the Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST). Directors emphasized the need to take into consideration resource constraints and highlighted the resulting need for prioritization. While a few Directors considered that the climate strategy might have crowded out the Fund’s core work and the evaluation should have assessed its consistency with the Fund’s mandate, most Directors stressed the need for sustained institutional support to preserve the progress achieved with the new approach. |
| Keywords: | a number of director; Rsf arrangement; climate capacity development; Rsf lending; core work; report of the Independent Evaluation Office; Climate change; Climate policy; Macro-fiscal framework; Financial sector; Comparative advantage; Financial Sector Assessment Program |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2026/020 |
| By: | Michal Vyletelka |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the reaction of the stock market to corporate carbon neutrality (CN) announcements using a global dataset of 887 earnings call disclosures between 2019 and 2024. Employing event-study style comparisons, industryadjusted returns, and Fama-French factor models, the analysis reveals that CN commitments have limited short-term effects, but are associated with statistically significant negative abnormal returns over a 12-month horizon. The results suggest that investors perceive carbon neutrality pledges as credible signals of future cost burdens rather than value-enhancing strategies. The findings also highlight sectoral and temporal heterogeneity: technology, energy and materials firms exhibit positive return premia, while utilities and real estate underperform; longer-dated CN commitments (post-2040) are priced more favorably than near-term commitments. Regional effects largely disappear once the sector composition is controlled, underscoring the primacy of industry dynamics in shaping market responses. |
| Keywords: | Carbon neutrality, ESG disclosure, stock returns, event study |
| Date: | 2026–01–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prg:jnlwps:v:6:y:2026:id:6.005 |
| By: | Raphaële Préget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Les compteurs d'eau communicants apparaissent comme une opportunité pour mieux gérer l'usage de l'eau dans l'agriculture, mais quelles incitations peuvent-elles être mises en place pour favoriser leur adoption ? |
| Date: | 2026–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05767884 |
| By: | Baghdadi, Leila; Gatti, Roberta V.; Islam, Asif M.; Coronado, Jesica Torres; Zaveri, Esha Dilip |
| Abstract: | Tunisia is among the Mediterranean’s most climate-exposed countries facing acute water scarcity. Although a growing literature has documented the effects of extreme weather on firms, few studies have used longitudinal administrative data to track how business performance evolves over time. This paper draws on about two decades of firm-level records from Tunisia’s formal business registry (Répertoire National des Entreprises), linking firm locations to satellite-based precipitation measures at the delegation level, which is Tunisia’s second-level administrative unit. Using more than 1 million firm-year observations, the study finds that droughts—defined as negative precipitation shocks—reduce total revenues and revenues per worker by approximately 12 and 11 percent, respectively. Large formal firms, non-exporting firms, and domestic firms are disproportionately vulnerable. The results are robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. |
| Date: | 2026–09–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11472 |
| By: | Kriesch, Lukas (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen); Losacker, Sebastian (Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen) |
| Abstract: | In the transition toward more sustainable energy use, heat pumps play a crucial role. However, large-scale installation of heat pumps has not yet occurred in many countries, often due to locked-in energy technologies and low levels of public acceptance. Given that the diffusion of heat pumps will strongly depend on end-user acceptance, it is important to understand how heat pump technologies are perceived by the public. In this paper, we study the sentiment of news articles about heat pumps to reveal changes in public attitudes toward these technologies over time. We develop a unique dataset encompassing more than 30, 000 German news articles about heat pumps, published between 2018 and 2023, building on CommonCrawl data. We identify news articles about heat pumps using a large language model, and then analyze the sentiment of each article using a pretrained sentiment analysis algorithm. This data is used to identify coherent topics within the corpus of heat pump-related articles, with some topics receiving very positive sentiment scores and others negative. From a longitudinal perspective, our findings reveal a sharp decrease in the mean sentiment of heat pump articles in early 2023, related to the debate about a new heating law during that time in Germany. Our results also show that the sentiment score gradually recovers from this shock. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition; Heat pumps; News data; Natural language processing |
| JEL: | O33 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_008 |
| By: | Kumar, Narendra |
| Abstract: | We assemble 20, 422 scholarly papers on urban heat islands (1990–2025), read the 17, 101 that carry an abstract sentence by sentence, and join them to 96, 726 news articles (2021–2025), 4, 123 patent families, 14, 576 recorded heat incidents, registers of companies, funding rounds and government funding events, and the annual accounts of Indian companies. Eight results stand out. (1) The field grew about 9 times faster than the scholarly literature as a whole, and in 2015–2019 titles naming "extreme heat" overtook those naming "heat island". (2) Of 2, 409 papers that attribute urban heat to a cause, 48% name urbanisation and land-use change; attribution to anthropogenic heat fell from 18.4% to 7.7%. (3) Research and news describe different problems: at equal text length, 28% of research openings raise mitigation against 1.6% of news leads, while 22% of news leads are forecasts or warnings against 1.4% of research. (4) They also describe different places: China accounts for 31% of the research and 2.3% of English-language coverage, and Delhi receives 7.4 times the coverage its research share would predict. (5) Invention has outrun science: patent families for cool and permeable pavements grew 12-fold in a decade against 2.4-fold for the research on them. (6) Across 194 studies the median reported cooling from urban trees is 2.0 °C (air temperature 2.0 °C, surface temperature 2.9 °C). (7) Between 2021–22 and 2024–25 news coverage moved from the hazard to the people exposed: workers, schools, the elderly and hospital patients each rose 1.4- to 2.4-fold as a share of heat articles while wildfire and drought fell by about half and climate change — raised in about one article in ten — fell by a quarter. (8) The market record is thin: 140 of 5.05 million companies state a heat or cooling purpose, and recorded capital is $2.7 billion of cooling-infrastructure finance against $48 million of venture funding; larger Indian cooling companies grew revenue 25% a year over three years against 16% for Indian companies generally. Every cause category extracted from the research was tested against an independent second reader; three failed, and no result reported here rests on them. |
| Date: | 2026–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:r8hcx_v1 |
| By: | de Silva, Lihini (Monash University Australia); Mahmood, Rafat (Monash University); Ponnusamy, Sundar (Deakin University Australia) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural residue burning releases pollutants that prevailing winds carry across administrative boundaries. We study the effects of fire-driven pollution on the cognitive development and educational trajectories of around 700, 000 children aged 5--16 in Pakistan, combining satellite-derived burned area data, wind direction, and nationally representative learning assessments. Our treatment measure captures fires within 15 kilometers of a child's district that burn upwind; comparable downwind fires, which reflect the same agricultural activity but carry smoke away from the child, serve as a placebo. A one standard deviation increase in upwind fire exposure reduces test scores in mathematics, reading, and English by roughly 0.02 standard deviations; downwind fires have no effect. Impacts are concentrated in the school term, with no effect from summer-holiday fires. Boys and girls suffer similar cognitive losses, but over time older girls face higher dropout, consistent with lower perceived returns to female education in a patrilocal society, and child labor rises. The results survive extensive robustness checks. Agricultural burning is thus a constraint on human capital development, not only a public health issue. |
| Keywords: | agricultural fires, air pollution, cognitive development, child labor |
| JEL: | Q53 Q54 I25 J13 O12 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18977 |
| By: | Enang, Imowo; Omeihe, Kingsley Obi |
| Abstract: | This study employs systematic and meta-analysis methodologies to examine how sustainability factors are integrated within project management frameworks and to evaluate their impact on project success outcomes across diverse organisational contexts. Following rigorous PRISMA guidelines, an extensive literature search yielded 25 studies investigating environmental and social sustainability integration in project processes and their relationship to performance indicators across multiple sectors. Complementary meta-analysis of 22 papers containing statistical datasets on sustainability adoption levels and associated success measures provided quantitative validation of key relationships. The research concludes that while sustainability integration approaches have made significant progress in addressing explicit organisational gaps, enhanced participatory oversight mechanisms, a fundamental shift to participative feedback loops, and holistic integration of technical, social, and contextual dimensions remain crucial for maximizing impacts. The implications emphasise the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, adaptive learning systems, and inclusive decision-making processes that prioritize stakeholder engagement throughout project lifecycles. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive evaluation frameworks, exploring emerging sustainability concepts, and establishing governance models that foster transparency and shared decision making power. |
| Keywords: | sustainability; project outcomes |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gpe:wpaper:54466 |
| By: | KARGI, Bilal |
| Abstract: | Bu çalışma, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA) çerçevesinin uygulamadaki etkilerini, performansını ve karşılaştığı yapısal engelleri, 2015 sonrası döneme ait zengin ampirik veriler, kapsamlı araştırma bulguları ve sistematik tablolar eşliğinde derinlemesine analiz etmektedir. Makale, öncelikle küresel ve bölgesel düzeyde SKA ilerlemesini ölçen başlıca endekslerin (Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Raporu, OECD Göstergeleri) bulgularını sunarak, “SDG Çelişkisi” olarak adlandırılan (yüksek gelirli ülkelerin çevresel, düşük gelirli ülkelerin sosyo-ekonomik hedeflerde zayıf performansı) olguyu net verilerle ortaya koymaktadır. Ardından, SKA hedefleri arasındaki sinerji ve ödünleşimlerin (trade-offs) nicel haritalandırma çalışmalarının sonuçlarına ve sektörel/ülkesel vaka analizlerine odaklanarak, uygulamadaki temel gerilim alanlarını (tarım-ormansızlaşma, enerji-sağlık, altyapı-iklim) detaylandırmaktadır. Çalışmanın üçüncü ve merkezi ekseni, SKA finansman açığının boyutunu ve sektörel dağılımını ortaya koyan güncel verileri, özel sektör katılımının sınırlarını (“seçici uyum” ve “SDG-washing”) ve politika entegrasyonu/yerelleştirme düzeylerindeki farklılıkları karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Sonuç olarak, SKA’lara yönelik küresel taahhüde rağmen, ilerlemenin pandemi, çatışmalar ve ekonomik krizler nedeniyle kritik şekilde yavaşladığı, hatta gerilediği; büyük ve yapısal bir finansman açığı bulunduğu; ödünleşimlerin etkin yönetilemediği ve özel sektör katılımının dönüştürücülükten uzak olduğu tespit edilmektedir. “Eylem On Yılı”nın ikinci yarısında 2030 hedeflerine ulaşmak için, politika tutarlılığı, yenilikçi ve adil finansman mekanizmaları, ödünleşim yönetimi için sistemik araçlar ve gerçek anlamda hesap verebilir, dönüştürücü çok paydaşlı ortaklıkların acilen hayata geçirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. |
| Keywords: | SKA Performans Endeksi, SDG Çelişkisi, Sinerji ve Ödünleşim (Trade-off), SKA Finansman Açığı, SDG-washing, Politika Uyumu, Yerelleştirme, Çok Paydaşlı Ortaklıklar, Sürdürülebilir Finans |
| JEL: | O10 |
| Date: | 2025–12–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127724 |
| By: | Takuma Kunieda (School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University); Keisuke Okada (Faculty of Economics, Kansai University); Yasuyuki Sawada (Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo); Akihisa Shibata (Department of Economics, Osaka University of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Building on the two-sector growth model of Matsuyama (1992), this paper explores how the Green Revolution contributed to structural transformation through market-based price adjustments. To address the endogeneity of relative agricultural prices, we employ shiftshare (Bartik) instrumental variables drawing on the innovative methodologies and datasets developed by Gollin et al. (2021) and Huang (2024). We further construct a novel projected-TFP instrument to isolate realized agricultural productivity gains attributable to the Green Revolution. Our empirical findings show that the Green Revolution significantly increased agricultural productivity, lowered agricultural prices, and facilitated structural transformation when market mechanisms function effectively. Importantly, institutional quality critically shapes this price-transmission mechanism: weak institutions distort the transmission of agricultural productivity gains into relative prices and thereby impede structural transformation. To quantify these distortions and the associated misallocation, we construct a price-based misallocation (PBM) index that captures institutionally mediated distortions in relative-price adjustment. Overall, our findings show that the benefits of the Green Revolution depend not only on technological progress itself but also on the institutional environment through which productivity gains are transmitted into market prices. These findings highlight the importance of institutional reforms and targeted policies to reduce distortions and maximize the gains from agricultural innovation. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tky:fseres:2026cf1281 |
| By: | Hoos, Max (Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology); Truffer, Bernhard (Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology); Hoekman, Jarno (Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | Arguing against techno-determinism remains one of the cornerstones of innovation studies. Scholars have relentlessly shown how social conditions and strategic choices determine the pace and direction of technological development, supporting the idea that innovation can be steered towards societal goals such as economic competitiveness, employment or sustainability. Most scholarly attention, however, focused on the processes that generate new varieties of products and technologies, while the selection environment determining their direction is left largely unspecified. In this paper, we draw on insights from economic sociology to propose a conceptual framework for unpacking key structures and mechanisms of the selection environment through which societal values act upon technology development during periods of normative contestation. Central to our approach is the concept of valuation devices, understood as the organizational forms and material infrastructures embedded in institutional arrangements through which values are attributed to technologies and products. Beyond identifying these devices as strategic vehicles for actors to steer technology development, we show how they conjointly constitute a valuation ecosystem that shapes the directionality of a field. This framework is applied to the European food packaging sector, where proliferating health and environmental concerns have spurred a range of technological trajectories characterised by diverging strategies and goals. We retrace how actors advance distinct valuation devices to address evolving concerns about food packaging, and how the emerging valuation ecosystem shapes directionality by structuring corridors of legitimate innovation pathways. The paper concludes that deeper conceptual engagement with the selection environment opens promising new research perspectives for innovation studies. |
| Keywords: | Directionality; Valuation; Selection environment; Innovation pathways |
| JEL: | L50 L65 O31 O33 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_011 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This working paper explores the underlying reasons for shifts in the gold landscape and the possibility that these developments could signal deeper ongoing transformations in the global economy, with broader implications across economic sectors and financial markets. This paper provides an overview of these signals and emerging trends and identifies four futures of gold scenarios for global markets and payment systems, illicit financial flows, geofinance, economic and sustainable development, critical mineral supply chains and responsible business conduct. |
| Date: | 2026–10–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dafaad:51-en |
| By: | Weinmann, Carina (Department of Social Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf); Jandura, Olaf (Faculty of Business Studies, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf); Petersen, Thomas (The Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach) |
| Abstract: | Today, citizens’ media repertoires have become more individualized than ever. Research suggests that this has changed how people gauge the climate of opinion: While some, as suggested by the spiral of silence theory, still rely on the mass media, for others, social media are the key indicator. There are first hints that political affiliation is decisive in this matter. Our paper seeks to find evidence for this line of reasoning regarding supporters of two opposing German political parties. Based on a representative survey of German voters, we examined which factors determine the perceived congruence between the majority’s and people’s own opinion. Our analyses show that for supporters of the right-wing political party, one central factor is discussing politics via social networking sites. Our findings add to the knowledge on how the processes suggested by the spiral of silence theory are shaped by today’s media landscape and the current political situation. |
| Keywords: | climate of opinion, mass media; political affiliation; political parties; social media; spiral of silence |
| JEL: | D72 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ddf:wpaper:63 |
| By: | Sebastien Ristori (LISA - Laboratoire « Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités » (UMR CNRS 6240 LISA) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli]); Christophe Storai (LISA - Laboratoire « Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités » (UMR CNRS 6240 LISA) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli]) |
| Abstract: | The paper tries to shed light on the following research question: how do credit professionals collectively construct the meaning and place of ESG criteria in their risk assessment practices, and what tensions does this process generate within their daily activity? This research aims to make three main contributions. Firstly, on the empirical level, we document in a detailed manner the themes structuring the discourse of credit analysts on ESGperceived importance, obstacles encountered, organizational influences, decision-making dilemmasthus enriching an academic corpus still largely dominated by macroeconomic quantitative approaches. Our qualitative approach attempts to capture the nuances, contradictions and learning processes that escape questionnaire surveys. Secondly, on the theoretical level, we try to shed light on the mechanisms by which a new institutional logic (the logic of sustainability) tries to institutionalize itself within an organizational field (retail banking) historically structured by a dominant financial logic. Thirdly, at the managerial level, we seek to identify the organizational, cultural and technical conditions that promote or hinder a sincere (rather than cosmetic) integration of ESG criteria into credit decisions, thus offering concrete courses of action for banking departments, regulators and stakeholders in supporting SMEs. |
| Keywords: | ESG criteria -Credit risk analysis of SMEs -Extra-financial reporting -Sustainable finance |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05716826 |
| By: | Kerstin H\"otte; Nicol\`o Barbieri; Su Jung Jee |
| Abstract: | Classification systems shape how searchers find relevant objects. We study how revisions to classification architecture affect retrieval by changing the routes through which objects enter consideration. We theorize that creating a cross-cutting category can reduce classificatory distance and translation costs, whereas adding routes to an established system can increase route-selection and updating costs; category cleanup can restore contrast. Empirically, we exploit the 2013 creation and 2020 revision of Y02/Y04 green-technology codes in the Cooperative Patent Classification. We match treated patents to unchanged green patents within technology-cohort cells and estimate examiner- and applicant-specific effects on first-citation timing and citation volume. Category creation is associated with a 25% higher examiner first-citation hazard. In the mature system, additions are associated with 13-15% lower examiner hazards, while cleanup is associated with a 14% higher hazard and 12% higher citation volume. Effects are generally stronger for examiners, whose search task is more tightly coupled to patent classification. Timing and volume need not move together: creation and green-domain entry shift timing without detectable changes in volume, while cleanup increases both speed and recorded reach. Classification infrastructure may therefore change when relevant objects are found even when overall recorded attention is unchanged, and greater classificatory detail need not improve search efficiency. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.37343 |
| By: | Julie Dalban-Canassy (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Valéry Merminod (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Maud Rio (G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche analyse le niveau d'intégration des risques socio-écologiques systémiques par l'approche de double matérialité dans l'évaluation des risques organisationnels. S'appuyant sur la littérature relative aux risques socio-écologiques systémiques et leur évaluation, la recherche définit ces risques comme interconnectés, complexes et inscrits dans des dynamiques globalisées et long terme. Le cadre théorique caractérise les risques socio-écologiques systémiques autour de trois dimensions clés (systémique, spatiale et temporelle) et leurs variables. La méthodologie repose sur une approche qualitative déductive combinant une analyse de rapports de durabilité du secteur de l'énergie et une étude de cas sur ce même secteur. Les résultats montrent que la double matérialité constitue une approche structurée intéressante mais incomplète quant à l'appréhension de ces risques : si les dimensions spatiales et temporelles sont partiellement intégrées, la dimension systémique reste limitée pour la prise en compte des interdépendances, des effets cumulatifs et des vulnérabilités socio-écologiques des organisations. |
| Keywords: | ESG, évaluation des risques, risques socio-écologiques systémiques, Double matérialité |
| Date: | 2026–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05768812 |
| By: | Gonzalez Vazquez Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); Mariscal De Gante Martin Alvaro (European Commission - JRC); Lobeto Martin Manuel |
| Abstract: | This report provides a workplace-level study of the 'twin transition' in the agriculture sector, through an in-depth case study of SAMA 2.0, a satellite-based precision-agriculture platform for rice production in the Guadalquivir marshes (Seville, Spain), developed through a collaboration between the University of Seville, a private technology provider and the Federación de Arroceros de Sevilla. Drawing on eight semi-structured interviews and contextualised with EU-wide worker-survey data, it depicts a sector where basic digital tools are now generalised but advanced, sector-specific technologies remain incipient. The clearest synergy runs from greening to digitalisation: producers' voluntary move to integrated production drove a cumulative digitisation of administrative work. The converse effect—precision farming reducing water, fertiliser and pesticide use—is promising but, given the tool's early adoption phase, remains to be demonstrated. A collaborative governance model linking researchers, producers and public funding emerges as the key enabling factor. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:laedte:202610 |
| By: | Brauw, Alan de; Uddin, Mohammad Riad; Wagner, Julia |
| Abstract: | The Char Development and Settlement Project (CDSP-IV), implemented between 2011 and 2024 (originally scheduled for completion in 2018), was designed to reduce poverty and hunger among the population living on newly accreted coastal chars, through improved and more secure sources of livelihoods. The project adopted a comprehensive package of interventions. Key activities included investments in embankments, dykes, drainage systems and social forestry to reduce erosion and protect against storms; construction of roads, markets, cyclone shelters, and water and sanitation facilities to enhance connectivity and resilience; land settlement and titling to secure household land rights; livelihood support through agricultural training, microfinance and non-farm income generation; and institutional development to strengthen local water management groups, farmer forums and social forestry groups. This impact assessment of CDSP-IV was conducted between December 2024 and February 2025 using a quantitative approach that combined household and community-level surveys. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025–09–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:413141 |
| By: | Henman, Josefine; Suter, Manuel |
| Abstract: | This article examines how different policies are perceived by researchers regarding their relevance in supporting the transformation of traditional businesses toward reducing ecological footprints, securing well-being, and increasing social equity. While post-growth scholarship has discussed a wide range of policy proposals, their implications for business transformations remain underexplored. To address this gap, the study combines a quantitative survey of 1, 734 sustainability policy researchers with qualitative focus group discussions with post-growth business scholars. The survey results indicate that the majority of policy instruments are perceived as at least moderately relevant for supporting a business transformation towards post-growth. Descriptive analyses show that respondents with a degrowth work-orientation tend to perceive the instruments as more relevant than growth-indifferent or green growth-oriented respondents, with differences particularly pronounced for more structurally disruptive interventions. The qualitative analysis explores how post-growth business scholars perceive key tensions, barriers, and enabling conditions associated with three previously highly ranked policies: transitioning ownership structures, banning planned obsolescence, and introducing declining resource caps. Two central topics emerge from these discussions: the role of businesses’ profit orientation as a structural factor that may shape responses to policy interventions, and the importance of combining policies in order to address anticipated tensions and wider societal implications. The article bridges post-growth policy and business research by suggesting how different policy instruments and mixes may support business transformations in line with post-growth objectives. |
| Date: | 2026–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:n8yf6_v1 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The LIC-DSF helps guide sustainable borrowing decisions of countries eligible for IMF and/or WB concessional financing and the lending decisions of the IMF and WB and other creditors. |
| Date: | 2026–09–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2026/035 |
| By: | Edward W. Chen; Reagan L. Lengefeld; Omar Isaac Asensio |
| Abstract: | This study examines a housing program that created affordable infill developments on formerly vacant, abandoned, or disinvested properties in Savannah, Georgia. Savannah is a major economic hub anchored by the Port of Savannah, where many urban neighborhoods remain impacted by disinvestment and climate risk. Using two decades of record-linked property and tax data, this study quantifies local economic spillovers from this public intervention, revealing previously hidden social and economic benefits of infill housing policies. These benefits include an 11% increase in the market value of properties immediately neighboring an infill development site and an increase of up to 35% in areas with a high density of infill activity, pointing to block-level revitalization in climate-disadvantaged and distressed areas. |
| JEL: | C31 C32 C80 O18 Q56 R31 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35825 |
| By: | Fil Kristensen, Iryna (CIRCLE, Lund University); Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Pugh, Rhiannon (CIRCLE, Lund University); Krautscheid, Lena (CIRCLE, Lund University); Morgan, Kevin (Cardiff University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how power-knowledge relations shape the mobilization, recognition, and suppression of local knowledge in food system transformation. Drawing on Foucault's subjugated knowledges, we analyse how experiential, place-based expertise encounters institutional resistance within regional governance frameworks. Through case studies from Skåne and Värmland, Sweden, we identify forms of transformative local knowledge, strategies actors employ to sustain them, and mechanisms of their marginalization. Our findings reveal how governance routines, regulatory norms, and national policy agendas constrain transformative potential, while demonstrating how local actors' agency creates alternative pathways for systemic change. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability transitions; Local knowledge; Food systems transformation; Place-based governance |
| JEL: | O38 Q01 Q18 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_001 |
| By: | Longato, Fulvio; Rina, Patrick; Wiedermann, Christian Josef |
| Abstract: | Tourism is increasingly promoted as a resource for health, and destinations market the well-being their landscapes are said to afford; yet the notion of well-being invoked where tourism and public health meet requires further specification, as the fields that converge there do not necessarily use the term in the same sense. The conceptual analysis clarifies well-being by distinguishing its psychological dimensions from its philosophical characterisation in terms of human flourishing, and frames health from a salutogenic perspective. Human flourishing and salutogenesis intersect particularly through meaningfulness and the ways persons engage with what places make possible. Drawing on the phenomenology of the tourist experience and on the literatures of therapeutic landscapes and restorative environments, the paper argues that places contribute to health through multiple and potentially interacting pathways involving characteristics of settings, activities and experiences, and their social and environmental contexts. Embodied pathways further show the interconnection of experiential and bodily dimensions of health. The paper draws out implications for public health and participatory destination design. Alpine tourism destinations provide a suitable context in which these relationships can be examined empirically. |
| Date: | 2026–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:j2vz9_v1 |
| By: | Stefano Blando |
| Abstract: | Before a flood, governments decide where to invest in protection; after it, how much of the loss to compensate. The European Union informs the first decision with a composite index that ranks every subnational unit by vulnerability. This paper tests the ranking by comparing Italian provinces struck by the same flood between 2005 and 2024. The published index does not order provinces by the losses they suffer, with or without controls for hazard, exposure and income ($\rho$ between -0.06 and 0.09). The failure lies in what it weights. As published, the index mostly measures economic development, while losses follow water: they arrive in recurring groups of provinces that share a river basin, and more than half of the ranking error lies between those groups. In a pre-registered test that rebuilds it and eight rivals at every forecast origin from 2010 to 2020, the index comes last on both questions an allocator asks. On where damage will land, its top ten provinces capture 16 per cent of later damage, less than a random draw; Italy's public flood hazard map, blind to losses, captures 44. On who loses more from the same water, its rank correlation with later losses is 0.03; its own components, reweighted on past losses, reach 0.42. Neither repair needs new data. The misranked loss is paid locally. Of EUR 12.3 billion recorded over 2013-2022, 85 per cent was not covered by national transfers, and prevention funding, scored the same way, does no better than chance. Because correlated losses cluster within borders, national pools in Europe need 39 per cent more reserve than cross-border pools of the same size. The index fails the same way across 1, 142 European units, where the repairs are weaker. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.36349 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | This paper presents Resilience and Sustainability (RST) contribution agreements finalized with four contributors between March 2024 and September 5, 2025. The concluded agreements provide for contributions in a total amount of about SDR 3.4 billion across the three RST accounts – the loan account, deposit account, and reserve account. The new agreements with four members add critical resources that support the continued smooth operations of the RST. |
| Keywords: | Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST); Contribution agreements; Resource adequacy; Funding; Contributions; transparency policy; RST Instrument; deposit account; loan account; business day of the fund; Interest payments; Currencies; Loans; Exchange rates; Reserve positions |
| Date: | 2025–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfpps:2025/031 |
| By: | Friedrich, Jonathan (CIRCLE, Lund University); Stihl, Linda (CIRCLE, Lund University); Miörner, Johan (CIRCLE, Lund University); Souza, Vitor (CIRCLE, Lund University); Nilsson, Fredrik (CIRCLE, Lund University); Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | Geographical research on the global economy has largely failed to conceptualize processes of circular change, while geographical issues are rarely considered in scholarship on the circular economy. Therefore, in this paper, we conceptualize a globally integrated circular economy and identify the key mechanisms of circular (de-)couplings. We provide a novel framework for understanding these changes by combining four essential dimensions - actors, resources, functions and geography - which we illustrate with empirical examples. This can inform human geographic research approaches to the topic and policy making at different levels on how to rethink global entanglements and drive circularity-oriented changes. |
| Keywords: | circular economy; global economy; global production network; global value chains; transitions |
| JEL: | F63 O19 Q01 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_001 |
| By: | Gabriella Conti; Evelina Björkegren; Aline Bütikofer; Mårten Palme; Kjell G. Salvanes |
| Abstract: | This study examines the long-term consequences of neonatal health using three birth anthropometric measures - weight, length, and head circumference - and analyzes their differential associations with outcomes across the life course. Using linked Swedish and Norwegian population registers with follow-up into adulthood, we compare birth measures of singletons and twins and further estimate within-twin-pair fixed-effects models that control for shared genetic and family environmental factors. Our samples comprise up to approximately 679, 000 singletons and 10, 400 twins in Sweden, and 347, 841 singletons and 6, 762 twins in Norway, followed into adulthood. We find that different birth measures capture distinct aspects of fetal development with varying predictive validity across outcome domains. Birth length emerges as the strongest predictor of health outcomes (infant mortality, adult height), consistent with its role as a cumulative indicator of skeletal growth throughout gestation. Birth weight retains stronger associations with cognitive and educational outcomes (grade point average [GPA], years of schooling) in conditional models. Head circumference shows weak and inconsistent associations across specifications. Using within-pair head circumference differences to classify twins as symmetrically versus asymmetrically growth restricted, we find that symmetric intrauterine growth restriction is associated with substantially worse long-term outcomes than asymmetric restriction. In Norwegian twin pairs, growth restriction is associated with lower general cognitive ability (measured at military enlistment) relative to the unaffected co-twin; this within-pair deficit is more than twice as large for symmetric as for asymmetric restriction. We also document significant intergenerational transmission of birth anthropometrics, suggesting both environmental and genetic contributions. Finally, our register-based design with near-complete population coverage minimizes selection bias and attrition while providing statistical power for within-pair analyses across multiple outcomes. Exclusive reliance on birth weight may obscure important information about early-gestation developmental insults. |
| Keywords: | Birth weight; Birth length; Head circumference; Twin studies; Fetal origins; Intrauterine growth restriction; Linkage to administrative data |
| JEL: | I14 I12 J13 J24 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:26233 |
| By: | Nizar Younes Mqam (MARAMM, Rabat, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | Jorf Lasfar et Safi, juillet 2023, même opérateur : deux chiffres de rejet, un seul calcul montré, aucun panache modélisé. Ce que cela révèle du vide réglementaire marocain. |
| JEL: | Q25 Q53 K32 L95 |
| Date: | 2026–08–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gyw:etudes:2 |