|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2026–10–05
sixty-one papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Daniel Heyen; Joshua Bißbort; Frederik Holtel |
| Abstract: | Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are central to most climate mitigation pathways, yet their future availability risks weakening current abatement efforts — a phenomenon known as mitigation deterrence. This paper develops a transparent two-period benchmark model to explore how political economy forces and behavioral biases shape intertemporal climate choices. We allow for general functional forms as well as uncertainty about climate damages and CDR costs. We further demonstrate the framework’s flexibility by extending it with a simple political-economy module in which lobbying over mitigation and future CDR systematically depresses abatement. The model provides a useful starting point for future research on the complex interactions between CDR expectations, current mitigation efforts, and climate policy. |
| Keywords: | carbon dioxide removal, negative emissions, mitigation deterrence, intergenerational climate policy, uncertainty, political economy |
| JEL: | Q52 Q54 Q55 D81 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_13011 |
| By: | Monday Sunday Adiaha (Scientific Department, Institute of Biopaleogeography named under Charles R. Darwin, Zlocieniec,) |
| Abstract: | The global climate finance landscape remains insufficient to meet Paris Agreement targets, with unclear contributions from public, private, and voluntary carbon market flows. This study analyzed the structure and sufficiency of global climate finance flows against those targets using secondary quantitative data from key repositories (CPI, MDB Climate Finance Reports, BNEF, Ecosystem Marketplace), assessed for additionality, concessionally, and Paris alignment. Total tracked climate finance flows for 2019 were approximately $579 billion, comprising $253 billion from public sources and $326 billion from private investment in renewable energy. A detailed breakdown reveals foundational but insufficient public finance: Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) climate finance totalled $61.6 billion, with 67% directed to low-and middle-income countries. Private investment was concentrated in renewable energy, with combined global wind and solar investment reaching $269 billion in 2019. The analysis identifies the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) as a potential bridging mechanism, though one facing severe contraction and integrity challenges. Transaction volume exceeded 100 MtCO₂e in 2020, dominated by forestry projects (52%). However, by 2023 the market value had contracted sharply to $723 million, with a 56% yearon-year volume decline, signalling buyer hesitancy due to pervasive limitations. These include uncertainty regarding additionality, permanence risk, systemic over-crediting (with a significant share of credits failing new integrity benchmarks), and insufficient equity and data governance. The study concludes that while scaling proven mechanisms like green bonds is necessary, it is insufficient alone. Aligning financial flows with climate imperatives requires coupling this scale with rigorous reforms to carbon offset verification, strengthened market governance, and more transparent reporting to address critical integrity and data quality gaps. |
| Keywords: | Climate Finance, Carbon Offsets, Carbon Market, Green Bonds, Public Finance, Climate Finance Carbon Offsets Carbon Market Green Bonds Public Finance |
| Date: | 2026–09–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05741625 |
| By: | Renzullo, Elena; Scotti, Francesco |
| Abstract: | We examine whether incentive-based policies reduce 2 emissions among beneficiary Italian firms, using project-level data from European cohesion policy. Exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of EU-funded projects, we apply a staggered difference-in-differences design. We find robust evidence that EU climate-related incentives lower firm emissions. Recipient firms reduce 2 emissions per unit of assets by 4.6% relative to non-recipient firms, while a 1% increase in EU funds per unit of assets leads to a 1.1% reduction in emissions. The effects are larger in less developed and transition regions, where policy resources are more concentrated, and among energy-sector firms. We further show that emission reductions are mainly driven by increased R&D activity: firms receiving green EU funds raise patenting by 3.0%–3.6%, with no significant effects on employment or tangible assets. These findings highlight the potential of incentive-based climate policy. |
| Keywords: | carbon abatement;CO2 emissions;EU cohesion policy;green transition;incentive-based policies |
| JEL: | Q58 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–09–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:141132 |
| By: | Ntadumba Henri, Ndahama; Mitima, Kajivunita; KAyeye, Bashombana; N, Polepole; Mushayuma, Bugoma; Ciza, Bishweka; Bisimwa, Hamuli; Mushushu, Mukulumanya; Bahazabule, Riziki; Makungu, Bahwinja |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of agricultural practices on aquatic biodiversity in the Nyabarongo River, an important tributary of Lake Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It addresses the growing degradation of freshwater ecosystems associated with the expansion of farming activities in the watershed. The main pressures identified include soil erosion, uncontrolled use of fertilizers and pesticides, and the destruction of riparian vegetation, all of which contribute to declining water quality and ecological imbalance. The study focuses on benthic macroinvertebrates because they are reliable indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. Its objectives are to identify the dominant agricultural practices in the watershed, assess the diversity and abundance of macroinvertebrates at sites exposed to different levels of agricultural pressure, compare biological indicators between intensively cultivated and less disturbed areas, and examine the relationship between physicochemical water parameters and macroinvertebrate community structure. The research combines biological, chemical, and social approaches. Macroinvertebrates were collected and identified at several points along the river, while water samples were analyzed for pH, temperature, turbidity, nitrates, and phosphates. Surveys conducted among local farmers provided additional information on land-use patterns, cultivation methods, and the use of agricultural inputs. The results show a strong relationship between intensive farming and the decline of aquatic biodiversity. Heavily cultivated sites had lower species richness and abundance, poorer water quality, and a higher proportion of pollution-tolerant organisms. Sensitive taxa belonging to Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera declined as agricultural pressure increased, whereas tolerant groups, particularly Diptera, became more dominant. High turbidity and elevated nutrient concentrations were also associated with changes in community composition. The study concludes that unsustainable agricultural land use is a major cause of ecological degradation in the Nyabarongo River. It recommends the adoption of agroecological practices, reduced use of chemical inputs, erosion control, restoration of vegetated riparian buffers, and regular monitoring of water quality through aquatic bioindicators. These measures could help protect freshwater biodiversity while maintaining agricultural production. The findings provide a scientific basis for local authorities, farmers, and environmental organizations to develop more sustainable watershed management strategies and to reconcile rural development with the conservation of the Lake Kivu basin. More broadly, the research highlights the need for integrated management involving communities, public institutions, and agricultural stakeholders. Farmer training, environmental awareness, and participatory monitoring are essential to reduce pollution sources, restore river functions, and preserve ecosystem services on which surrounding populations depend for livelihoods, food security, and long-term resilience. |
| Keywords: | Water pollution; Agricultur; Macroinvertebrates; Bioindication; Nyabarongo; Ecological quality |
| JEL: | Q15 Q25 Q52 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–03–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:130087 |
| By: | Hammed Oluwaseyi Musibau (Adelaide University); Joaquin Vespignani (University of Tasmania); Maria Belen Yanotti (University of Tasmania) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of environmental performance on economic growth and assess the role of governance quality using a global dataset of 206 countries between 1995 and 2022. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ fixed effects estimation and Lewbel’s heteroskedasticity-based two stage least squares estimator, which is well suited for settings where external instruments are unavailable. The findings show that improvements in environmental performance, measured through greenhouse gas emissions per capita and emissions intensity, exert a positive and statistically significant effect on GDP per capita growth. This result is robust across alternative specifications, inequality-based heterogeneity analyses, and regional subsamples. |
| Keywords: | Environmental performance; Governance; Economic growth; Emissions; Global panel |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adl:wpaper:2026-10 |
| By: | Mounir Dahmani (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, Université de Gafsa) |
| Abstract: | Green bond markets have expanded rapidly, but their contribution to emission reduction remains unsettled. This paper asks whether green bond effectiveness is conditional on digital capacity, measured as the information infrastructure that carries disclosure, traceability, verification and post-issuance scrutiny. The analysis uses an annual panel of 76 countries over 2007-2021 and combines two-way fixed effects, threshold fixed effects, panel smooth-transition regression and dynamic common-correlated-effects estimation. Green bond issuance shows no stable unconditional association with CO 2 emissions per capita. Its marginal effect is positive or statistically indistinguishable from zero in low digitalisation environments, and becomes negative as countries enter a higher range of digital capacity. The continuous specification places the zero-crossing near the 59th percentile of the digitalisation distribution, while the threshold model identifies a regime split around the 70th percentile. These estimates are identified on the margin of actively issuing economies: 219 of 1072 countryyear observations record positive issuance, and 119 of them, from 28 countries, fall inside the high-capacity regime. Financial deepening follows a similar but weaker pattern: bank assets remain positively associated with emissions, though this association declines as digital capacity improves. Digitalisation and institutional quality are difficult to separate because they co-vary strongly within countries. Their common capacity component better explains when green bonds become associated with lower emissions. The pattern is consistent with an enforcement reading, in which the environmental value of climate finance depends on the digital and institutional architecture that makes claims checkable. |
| Keywords: | Digital enforcement capacity, Greenwashing, CO 2 emissions, Panel threshold models JEL classification C23, G23, G28, O33, Q54, Q56, Digital financial innovation, Climate finance, Green bonds |
| Date: | 2026–09–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05755623 |
| By: | Disch, Wendy (Central Bank of Ireland) |
| Abstract: | Widespread insurance coverage makes both society and the economy more resilient to climate-related risks. As properties with high flood risk exposure struggle to access insurance coverage, the insurance “protection gap†widens. We explore insurance uptake by homeowners as well as their perceptions on various climate-related risks. Using survey data of Irish homeowners, we find that the majority of homeowners (73%) are concerned about climate change, yet worries about specific natural disasters are less pronounced. We also find that 46% would support a 1-3% increase on their home insurance premium in order to help provide insurance coverage to vulnerable homes. Acceptance of a premium increase is sensitive to cost and is strongly associated with perceived flood risk, demographic characteristics, climate change attitudes and trust in government and insurers. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:stafin:14/si/26 |
| By: | Katsutoshi Nohara |
| Abstract: | This study applies a partial proportional-odds model to examine whether people’s psychological distance from climate change changed during a period encompassing the unprecedented heat experienced in Japan in 2023 and 2024. It also investigates how psychological distance and environmental knowledge are associated with willingness to pay for climate change mitigation measures. The study draws on two repeated cross-sectional surveys using identical questionnaires administered to different respondents in 2022 and 2025. Propensity scores and overlap weighting were used to improve the comparability of the two survey samples by balancing observed differences in age, gender, and prefecture of residence. After this adjustment, respondents in 2025 were more likely than comparable respondents in 2022 to perceive climate change as psychologically proximate. Specifically, the predicted probability of reporting a high level of psychological proximity was approximately 13 percentage points higher in 2025. Although this difference cannot be attributed exclusively to the record-breaking heat experienced in 2023 and 2024, the findings suggest that the unprecedented heat may have contributed to making climate change appear more immediate and personally relevant. Furthermore, the contingent valuation analysis shows that the positive association between environmental knowledge and willingness to pay depends on psychological distance: greater environmental knowledge is associated with higher willingness to pay, particularly among individuals who perceive climate change as psychologically close. These findings provide important insights into the design and communication of climate policies. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tupdaa:89 |
| By: | Adhikari, Ambika P. (Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS), Kathmandu, Nepal) |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is now considered one of the key objectives in urban planning. However, due to inappropriate planning, weak institutions, limitation of resources, and poor implementation of policies, many big cities in developing countries have become even less environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable than they were in the past. Historically, the Kathmandu Valley enjoyed a unique tradition, rich heritage and a moderate state of sustainability in all areas, particularly in the environmental arena. However, the rapidly expanding and modernizing cities in the valley are facing serious problems of sustainability on all fronts: economic, social, environmental, and ecological. Whereas, environmental and economic sustainability were tacitly embedded in the traditional planning practices in Nepal, the rapid growth and modernization of the major cities in the valley are making them increasingly unsustainable. This paper proposes major indicators of sustainability and discusses an approach to implement sustainable practices in urban planning and development in Kathmandu. |
| Date: | 2026–09–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5xqhr_v1 |
| By: | Wu, Yehan; Forgaci, Claudiu; Franzke, Nora; Haase, Ulrike; John, Henriette; Mrozik, Karol Dawid; Syrbe, Ralf-Uwe |
| Abstract: | Urban streams are expected to support biodiversity, climate adaptation and quality of life, yet restoration priorities are difficult to compare across networks. We analyzed 4, 668 100-m stream segments across four Central European cities using a cross-case typology and Pareto optimization, identifying four corridor types: Urbanized high-pressure, Open low-access, Riparian-rich green and Steep valley. No type performed best across all goals. Optimal interventions differed by type: reducing impervious cover in Urbanized high-pressure corridors, reducing edge density in Open low-access corridors, combining lower edge density with longer slow-mobility routes in Riparian-rich green corridors, and increasing riparian tree cover in Steep valley corridors. For each corridor type, prioritized strategies involving only one or two interventions predicted increases of up to 18.8% in biodiversity, 12.5% in climate adaptation and 19.9% in quality of life. Increasing open space cover was absent from all optimized strategies, and adding interventions did not consistently improve all three goals. These findings show that urban stream restoration has no single best solution: priorities need to match corridor conditions while balancing ecological, climate and social goals across the whole stream network. |
| Date: | 2026–09–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qb2x6_v1 |
| By: | Marco A. Hernandez Vega |
| Abstract: | As the urgency to address climate change intensifies, understanding the financial implications of corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions has become critical. This study examines the relationship between emissions reductions and corporate financial performance (CFP) in 513 companies across advanced and emerging market economies (EMEs) from 2010 to 2022. Using a standardized emissions score to mitigate inconsistencies in greenhouse gas reporting, this work analyzes how countries' development levels and sectoral dynamics influence the relationship between GHG emissions and financial outcomes using a panel-fixed effects model. The results are mixed: emissions reductions are positively associated with CFP in advanced economies and low-emitting sectors. However, in high-emitting industries, the association is negative. In contrast, in emerging market economies, the relationship is mixed across sectors, with positive associations concentrated in the Food, Beverages, and Tobacco, as well as the utilities sectors. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change;ESG;Firms Performance;GHG Emissions |
| JEL: | M41 Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2026-02 |
| By: | Lewoye Bantie Baylie (Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Salerno, Italy); Anna Maria Ferragina (Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Salerno, Italy); Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso (Dept of Economics and Center for Statistics, Georg-August Universitaet Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany & Dept of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Stefano Iandolo (Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Salerno, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides causal evidence that carbon leakage under the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) operates through global supply-chain linkages. Exploiting the phased implementation of the EU ETS as a natural experiment, we construct a granular country–sector–year panel combining bilateral trade data with multi-regional input–output tables to estimate the effect of carbon regulation on trade in intermediate goods and embodied emissions. We find that in sectors covered by the ETS, imports of intermediate goods from non-ETS countries are around 8% higher, and the carbon content of those imports is 11% higher in manufacturing, the sector group in which the scheme’s coverage and traded intermediate inputs overlap. The main results are based on Poisson pseudomaximumlikelihood estimates, complemented with a log-linear specification that provides an exact additive decomposition of the effect. On the export side, the carbon content of regulated sectors’ shipments falls in manufacturing, and the decomposition attributes that decline to a reduction in the volume exported rather than to cleaner production. Our analysis also shows the existence of sectoral heterogeneity. Sectors with stronger upstream and downstream supply-chain integration import less additional embodied carbon, whereas sectors with weaker linkages show larger leakage effects. The composition result is corroborated by a staggered difference-in-differences specification on the intensive margin. The results identify embodied emissions in intermediate inputs as a key channel of carbon leakage and suggest that effective climate policy requires well designed carbon border adjustments with supply-chain-sensitive allowance allocation mechanisms, and stronger international policy coordination. |
| Keywords: | EU ETS; Carbon leakage; Global value chains; Staggered differencein- differences; Event study; PPML. |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2026/10 |
| By: | Raouf Boucekkine (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France); Natalia Hritonenko (Department of Mathematics, Prairie View A&M University); Yuri Yatsenko (Houston Baptist University); Ullrika Sahlin (Lund University) |
| Abstract: | We study optimal growth in a Ramsey economy with irreversible pollution, where the natural absorption capacity is non-monotonic and non-concave à la Forster. In the absence of pollution control, the capital dynamics decouple from pollution, and we characterize a simple threshold on the maximal absorption capacity above which the optimal path is sustainable and below which an optimal regime of irreversible pollution sets in. We then introduce an optimal abatement pollution control to assess whether irreversible pollution ceases to be optimal. We derive a four-dimensional dynamical system for capital, consumption, pollution and the (shadow) cost of pollution, coupled with an algebraic rule for optimal abatement, which is eventually reduced to dimension three, with abatement linearly entering the pollution dynamics. Our main result is that optimal abatement shifts the irreversibility threshold but does not eliminate it. More importantly, we show that embedding the Forster's pollution dynamics into a Ramsey growth model generates a novel hybrid ecological irreversibility condition that is invisible in pollutiononly frameworks. Coupling ecosystem curvature with the social discount rate, it is structurally robust and preeminent over all feasibility conditions amenable to policy intervention, and defines the boundary between a world where sustainability is achievable and one where it is not. |
| Keywords: | Optimal growth; Optimal pollution control; Optimal irreversible regimes; Ecological sustainability; Irreversible pollution |
| JEL: | O44 Q50 Q52 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–09–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2627 |
| By: | Rising, James; Watkiss, Paul; Ranger, Nicola; Oropeza Abregu, Yoselin |
| Abstract: | The UK is already experiencing significant economic impacts from climate change, and these will increase further in future decades. Without comprehensive and well-funded adaptation strategies, risks will grow, including from agriculture losses, flooding, impacts of heat on health and reduced labour productivity. This policy brief describes economic risks and adaptation opportunities for the UK in relation to agriculture, flood and coastal management, health and labour productivity. The brief summarises findings from Part A of the PROSPER (Physical-risk & Resilience Outcomes for Spending, Planning & Economic Returns) research project. This part of the project is designed to inform fiscal decision-makers on potential targets for adaptation funding. The damages are reported as the expected annual damages for two climate scenarios, ‘Medium Warming’ and ‘High Warming’. For the 2030s and 2050s, the authors also describe damages associated with extreme value or ‘tail’ events. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2026–09–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140343 |
| By: | Aurélie Méjean (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Florian Leblanc (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julien Lefèvre (AgroParisTech, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Dimitrios Fragkiadakis; Panagiotis Fragkos; Rafael Garaffa (JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Cormac Lynch (University of Exeter); Toon Vandyck (KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | Climate policies shape inequalities through their effects on structural change via the source of income channel, and on household expenditures via the use of income channel. We compare the impact of carbon pricing on within-country inequalities when tax revenues are recycled through lump-sum transfers or labor tax cuts. We account for the impact of the labor share on inequalities, and compare results across regions with contrasted levels of development, using four macroeconomic integrated assessment models. We find that accounting for the source of income reduces the performance gap between labor tax cuts and lump-sum transfers. Also, carbon pricing with revenue recycling is compatible with reducing inequality, and can increase the consumption of the poorest quartile. We highlight the central role of labor income in shaping the distributional consequences of climate policy beyond consumption-side price effects. Our results suggest that sustaining the labor share can strengthen the progressivity of climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Structural change, Carbon tax revenue recycling, Inequality, Climate policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05751015 |
| By: | Alfirević, Nikša; Bilić, Ivana; Mateljak, Željko |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the characteristics of economics and business students, aiming to predict their willingness to make lifestyle sacrifices to promote environmental sustainability and mitigate climate change. We use the survey data from 416 business students from five countries in the region of South East Europe (SEE). Results of statistical analysis show that gender (female) and the level of studies (higher study levels) can be associated with stronger expectations of lifestyle sacrifices, with the marginal role of self-reported belonging to the social class. We did not find any specific country differences within the SEE region. Our results provide a starting point for future empirical research on accepting pro-environmental change in higher education and suggest that behavioral trade-offs can be associated with gender effects and exposure to higher education curriculum. |
| Keywords: | climate change, lifestyle sacrifices, economics and business students, South East Europe (SEE) |
| JEL: | Q54 D91 I23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343402 |
| By: | Ryan Singleton (Adelaide University); Qazi Haque (Adelaide University); Firmin Doko Tchatoka (Adelaide University) |
| Abstract: | The global transition to low-carbon energy has led many countries to adopt national hydrogen strategies, yet their policy impacts and adoption drivers remain poorly understood. This paper investigates these issues using panel data for 49 countries from 2010 to 2023. Policy impacts are assessed via a staggered difference-in-differences framework, while the determinants of adoption are analysed using a fixed-effects linear probability model. We find that adoption is associated with a sustained and economically significant increase in public hydrogen R&D spending, signalling credible government commitment, and a smaller rise in carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) R&D, reflecting continued support for fossil-fuel-linked technologies. No short-run reduction in industrial process emissions is observed, suggesting that decarbonisation effects materialise gradually. Turning to the determinants of adoption, within-country growth in renewable electricity generation emerges as the strongest predictor of adoption, highlighting the interdependence between renewable expansion and hydrogen policy formation, while macroeconomic and political factors appear largely insignificant. These results shed light on the effectiveness and determinants of national hydrogen strategies in the global energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen policy; National hydrogen strategies;Difference-in-differences;Event study; Policy adoption; Energy transition. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adl:wpaper:2026-01 |
| By: | Massimo Guidolin, Manuela Pedio |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity loss is among the most severe environmental externalities facing commodity markets, yet its pricing in futures and spot markets remains poorly understood. Agricultural commodities, timber, and livestock are simultaneously the primary drivers of global habitat destruction and the assets most directly exposed to the ecosystem services they degrade. This double materiality operates more immediately in commodity markets than in the equity and bond markets on which the biodiversity-finance literature has concentrated its attention. This paper provides a critical review and research agenda organized around three pillars. First, we map ecological indicators, footprint-based metrics, and text-based attention proxies. Second, we trace the transmission channels through which ecosystem degradation reaches commodity prices: physical supply disruption, regulatory transition risk, and the financial investor channel, with particular attention to the scale-versus-intensity distinction in regulatory design. Third, we review the theoretical frameworks for commodity biodiversity pricing, explain why equity and bond results cannot be transplanted into commodity markets, and present the first systematic commodity-market evidence, consistent with intensity-based biodiversity risk being priced in spot but not futures returns. Because the commodity-specific pricing literature is nascent, the empirical section combines a review of existing conditional evidence with an original empirical analysis of a commodity return panel data set. We conclude with a structured research agenda centered on causal identification, the spot-futures wedge, climate-biodiversity integration, and data infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity risk, commodity futures, theory of storage, species loss intensity, spot-futures wedge, transition risk, ecosystem services. |
| JEL: | G12 G13 Q51 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:baf:cbafwp:cbafwp26286 |
| By: | Grillitsch, Markus (CIRCLE, Lund University); Friedrich, Jonathan (CIRCLE, Lund University); Nilsson, Fredrik (CIRCLE, Lund University); Schwaag-Serger, Sylvia (CIRCLE, Lund University); Souza, Vitor (CIRCLE, Lund University); Stihl, Linda (CIRCLE, Lund University) |
| Abstract: | The sustainability imperative calls for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and virgin materials use. This requires the transformation of currently unsustainable global and linear value chains (GVCs) to regenerative and circular supply chains (CSCs). To deal with the complexities of such a shift, this paper suggests Arenas of Change as a theoretical perspective and methodological approach, capturing interaction spaces of actors who engage in changing how goods are produced, distributed and consumed, and how waste is recovered and reduced. Actors are conceptualised as being embedded in multi-scalar network, institutional and governance structures, which can enable or hinder change processes. We argue that the possibility of Arenas of Change to effectuate and accelerate shifts from GVCs towards CSCs depends on the realisation of synergies in four domains: i) business logics, models, and innovation; ii) consumption and user practices, iii) modes of governance, and iv) policies and discourses. Arenas of Change are thus a prism through which the interdependencies between domains, multiple scales and levels, and actors' strategies can be analysed. Thereby, Arenas of Change can contribute to theory-building about transformations from global and linear to regenerative and circular supply chains, and conditions that enable, accelerate or hinder such systemic change. Furthermore, by enhancing analytical leverage to comprehensively capture the complexity of such transformations, we propose Arenas of Change as an approach to design impactful interventions, and to evaluate their effects. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy; Global value chains; Business models; Innovation; Consumer practices; Governance; Innovation policy |
| JEL: | L21 O33 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2025_009 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Mobilising finance at scale is essential to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of global biodiversity finance from all sources – public and private, domestic and international – drawing on currently available data. The paper also identifies persistent gaps in the consistency, international comparability, coverage and transparency of biodiversity finance data reported by countries to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It presents options to improve reporting by aligning it with international statistical standards, enhancing transparency in methodologies and strengthening measurement of private finance, while reducing duplication and reporting burdens. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity finance, environmental expenditure, environmental-economic accounting, finance tracking, KMGBF Target 19, public expenditure |
| JEL: | Q57 Q58 H50 |
| Date: | 2026–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:51-en |
| By: | Bernard Korai; Rémy Lambert |
| Abstract: | The adoption and implementation of the 2020-2030 Sustainable Agriculture Plan, called Plan d’agriculture durable (PAD) represent a decisive step toward intensifying and structuring the agri-environmental efforts undertaken by Quebec farmers. However, for these efforts to translate into real gains in sustainability, producers are called upon to adopt practices that often go beyond standard regulatory requirements and involve significant financial, logistical, agronomic, environmental, psychological, and social costs. Are these efforts sufficiently recognized and valued by Quebec citizens? The authors address this question and propose several avenues for reflection that could help stakeholders and decision-makers in the agri-food sector increase public recognition and appreciation of the agricultural profession. L’adoption et la mise en œuvre du Plan d’agriculture durable (PAD 2020-2030) constituent une étape déterminante dans l’intensification et la structuration des efforts agroenvironnementaux déployés par les producteurs agricoles québécois. Toutefois, pour que ces efforts se traduisent par des gains réels en matière de durabilité, les producteurs sont appelés à adopter des pratiques qui dépassent souvent les exigences réglementaires habituelles et qui impliquent des coûts financiers, logistiques, agronomiques, environnementaux, psychologiques et sociaux importants. Ces efforts sont-ils suffisamment connus et valorisés par les citoyens québécois ? Les auteurs répondent à cette question et proposent plusieurs pistes de réflexion susceptibles d’aider les acteurs et décideurs du secteur bioalimentaire à accroître la reconnaissance publique et la valorisation de la profession agricole. |
| Keywords: | Agri-environmental practices, agricultural sustainability, citizens’perceptions and representations, agricultural sector stakeholders, agri-communication, Pratiques agroenvironnementales, durabilité de l’agriculture, perceptions et représentations, acteurs du secteur agricole, communication agricole |
| Date: | 2026–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2026pj-15 |
| By: | Emeline Bezin (CREM-UMR6111); Maxence Gerard (CREM-UMR6111); Ingmar Schumacher (University of Birmingham) |
| Abstract: | How will urban growth affect the long-run environment? This paper focuses on an overlooked channel: how urbanization shapes environmental values and, with them, political support for environmental protection. Our theory combines two mechanisms: the extinction of experience documented by conservation science, whereby reduced contact with nature erodes attachment to it, and a cultural transmission process involving rational socialization decisions. Both are embedded in an overlapping-generations model with rural–urban migration and voting over environmental policy. When the extinction of experience dominates, urbanization erodes support for environmental protection. However, when socialization is effective, the picture reverses: the interaction between location and socialization choices gives rise to a process of cultural dissemination through which urbanization raises environmental values. Our main theoretical predictions are consistent with a set of stylized facts on environmental preferences, residential location, and policy support that we document using data from the International Social Survey Programme. |
| Keywords: | Urbanization, political economy, environmental values, cultural transmission, extinction of experience |
| JEL: | Q58 D72 Z13 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bir:birmec:26-05 |
| By: | Sangwon Lee (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The continuing military confrontation between the US and Iran has produced an energy shock much like the one of 2022. That shock exposes a structural vulnerability rooted in the gap between the pace at which fossil fuel systems are being wound down and the pace at which renewable systems are being built, and it makes the case for re-examining the green transition as a question of resilience under external shock rather than one of speed.<p> Korea carries what this study calls a triple exposure structure: high energy import dependence, a large manufacturing share, and a high share of energy consumed by industry. That combination leaves the country especially vulnerable to a vicious circle in which energy price shocks erode corporate profitability and then depress investment. Operating margins at energy-intensive fi rms did in fact fall during the 2022 crisis.<p> Major economies have each mobilized fiscal and financial instruments against transition risk in their own way, but Korea’s fiscal capacity and manufacturing-centered industrial structure limit how far those approaches can simply be transplanted. This study therefore proposes a risk-responsive transition strategy built on three axes: stabilizing costs in the short term by improving how industrial electricity tariff s are operated; securing investment capacity in the medium term by making transition fi nance effective and introducing carbon contracts for difference; and upgrading the industrial structure over the long term by accelerating the shift toward high-value-added industries. |
| Keywords: | energy security; industrial green transition; energy price shocks; transition finance; carbon contracts |
| JEL: | Q43 Q48 Q58 L52 |
| Date: | 2026–08–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:023644 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Isabelle Piot-Lepetit (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Digital tools are often used by businesses as communication and connecting technologies. However, it is not well understood how these digital technologies affect the (sustainable) transformation of global value chains. This paper is based on a case study of the coffee value chain in Vietnam. Vietnam is an important producer in the coffee sector, but faces many environmental and social issues. The question is how digitalisation can lead to sustainable transformation. The case study included observations, interviews with value chain actors, and reading grey literature and company websites. The results showed that foreign policies influence digital technology use in coffee production in Vietnam. To follow these policies, large trading companies in the mainstream sector develop digital traceability systems. However, they sometimes seem to bypass the diversity of smaller actors in the value chain. Although small businesses in alternative value chains use similar digital tools, they operate on a smaller scale based on direct contact. Nevertheless, these alternative value chains are in a niche market and struggle with profitability. Our paper has contributed, via an empirical case study, to an understanding of the dynamics between digitalisation and sustainable transformation pathways in global value chains. |
| Keywords: | Agro-ecological value chains, Sustainable business models, Agri-food system, Sustainable transformation, Digitalisation |
| Date: | 2026–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05746880 |
| By: | Claude Diebolt (BETA/CNRS, Faculty of Economics, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France); Joel Huesler (School of Business, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Art, Switzerland) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afc:wpaper:04-26 |
| By: | Claude Diebolt; Joel Huesler |
| Abstract: | This chapter synthesizes global evidence on how climate-related and disaster shocks affect human capital formation through educational attainment, learning outcomes, child health, and long-run economic mobility. Drawing on quasi-experimental and experimental evidence from low-, middle-, and high-income countries, the review documents substantial heterogeneity in impacts driven by shock type, timing, baseline poverty, and institutional capacity. Short-run disruptions to school attendance and health are well-documented, though evidence on learning losses and long-run earnings effects remains considerably thinner and warrants urgent attention. Key transmission mechanisms are mapped—including household budget constraints, child labor responses, school infrastructure damage, disease burden, and fetal and early-life programming—alongside a critical evaluation of causal identification strategies and their limitations. Policy evidence indicates that well-designed social protection programs, resilient school infrastructure, early warning systems, and education continuity planning can mitigate impacts, though rigorous evaluations remain scarce and external validity concerns persist. Five priority research gaps are identified: measuring and mitigating learning losses; understanding cumulative effects of repeated shocks; evaluating cost-effective adaptation strategies; linking childhood exposure to long-run labor outcomes; and studying behavioral adaptation to increasing climate risk. |
| Keywords: | Human Capital, Climate Shocks, Natural Disasters, Child Health, Education, Economic History |
| JEL: | I25 J24 N30 N50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2026-34 |
| By: | Kenney, Martin |
| Abstract: | Abstract The global transition toward electric vehicles and renewable energy represents a fundamental shift in the world’s techno-economic paradigm. Drawing on discussions during my June 2026 visit to ETLA in Helsinki, this brief argues that the true engine of this transformation is the battery, the foundational technology uniting production and consumption in the emerging electric age. This memorandum is published alongside a companion brief by Petri Rouvinen (2026) examining the EU’s response to this shift, the proposed Industrial Accelerator Act (IAA). Through decades of deliberate industrial policy, China has secured command over the entire clean technology triad of solar power, batteries, and electric vehicles. Meanwhile, Western automakers, particularly in the United States, risk being stranded on a shrinking island of internal combustion engine technology amid political whiplash. In this brief, I synthesize the mechanisms driving China’s rise, examine the strategic implications of the electric technology stack, and offer insights for decision-makers seeking to build a competitive and resilient industrial future. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles, Battery supply chain, Geopolitics, Industrial policy, Energy transition |
| JEL: | F13 L52 L62 O38 Q42 |
| Date: | 2026–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:188 |
| By: | João Tovar Jalles (University of Lisbon-Lisbon School of Economics and Management (ISEG)); John Beirne (Asian Development Bank); Donghyun Park (The South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre) |
| Abstract: | We quantify “green fiscal multipliers†by constructing country-specific, residual-based shocks to environmental protection outlays (COFOG) and tracing their effects on macroeconomic and environmental outcomes in a multi-country panel. Reduced-form estimates imply that an unexpected 1-pp-of-GDP increase in environmental spending lowers contemporaneous real GDP per-capita growth by about 2.6 pp globally; IV estimates are larger in magnitude (≈–4 pp globally; ≈–7 pp in EMDEs). Local projections show a small short-run dip that troughs around year 2 at –0.05% and fades thereafter, with mild medium-run rebound. Heterogeneity is pronounced: EMDEs drive the near-term contraction; effects are more negative at high public debt and in surplus/open economies and are mitigated where adaptive capacity (ND-GAIN readiness) is high. The findings imply that green fiscal policy should be carefully sequenced and tailored to country conditions to manage short-term costs while maximising long-term benefits. For central banks, green fiscal expansions should be incorporated into the assessment of the effectiveness and transmission of monetary policy. Accounting for their scale, timing, and country-specific conditions can help to minimise the risk of policy miscalibration and support price and financial stability during the transition to a low-carbon economy. |
| Keywords: | Environmental protection spending; green fiscal multipliers; residual-based shocks; local projections; state dependence; EMDE vs AE |
| JEL: | E62 Q58 C23 E32 O44 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp64 |
| By: | Sumit Agarwal; Yi Fan; Qiuxia Gao |
| Abstract: | To achieve carbon neutrality, electrifying vehicles in a cleaner electricity grid has become a key pathway for global cities. While extensive research has examined the environmental benefits of electric vehicles (EVs), their financial impacts remain underexplored. Using Singapore-a smart city-state - as a social laboratory, we combine high-resolution data on the geographic distribution of EV chargers with nearly 1 million individual-level monthly expenditure records from a major commercial bank and about 65, 000 housing transaction records, spanning January 2019 to March 2021. Our results show that proximity to charging stations during the initial phase of EV infrastructure rollout significantly increases household consumption by 1-3%. This effect is driven primarily by public housing residents, who are generally more financially constrained than their private housing counterparts. We identify three channels underlying this increase in consumption: appreciation in housing wealth, catalysts for commercial activity and discretionary spending around EV infrastructure, and budget reallocation from fuel expenses to other consumption categories. Notably, hybrid car owners exhibit the strongest trade-offs-reducing fuel spending while increasing expenditure on entertainment or necessity goods among public housing residents. Overall, our findings demonstrate that green infrastructure can shape economic behavior and enhance consumer welfare, extending its impact beyond environmental objectives. |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.19034 |
| By: | Jack Lally (CNR - Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, GIPSA-SAFE - GIPSA - Safe, Controlled and Monitored Systems - GIPSA-DAS - GIPSA - Département Automatique et Sûreté des systèmes - GIPSA-lab - Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sébastien Gigot (CNR - Compagnie Nationale du Rhône); Jean-Marc Tacnet (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Christophe Bérenguer (GIPSA-SAFE - GIPSA - Safe, Controlled and Monitored Systems - GIPSA-DAS - GIPSA - Département Automatique et Sûreté des systèmes - GIPSA-lab - Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | A stochastic predictive degradation modelling framework for hydraulic floodgates operating with combined environmental and operational influences is presented. A condition-based maintenance approach is optimised for a multi-gate system to identify the most cost effective negative opportunistic preventative replacement policy, in order to minimise concurrent maintenance interventions. Our research focuses on the hydropower context, where evolving operating practices and regulatory constraints have increased exposure to the highly degrading fluid-induced vibration mechanism. A coupled simulation of the system is developed integrating (i) a synthetic hydrological forcing process, (ii) a reservoir-operation control model, and (iii) a stochastic degradation model based on a gamma process with state-dependent parameters. The degradation dynamics capture the interacting feedback loops that connect seal wear, leakage, vibration and erosion, with environmental conditions and operating decisions, leading to a run-away degradation effect beyond critical thresholds. A dual-threshold preventive maintenance policy is implemented using vibration as an observable proxy for a hidden degradation state, considering for inspection intervals, degradation uncertainty, and operational constraints on gate availability. The policy performance is evaluated via long-term Monte Carlo simulation, optimising expected annual cost under variations in conditions. The expected cost is highly sensitive to the lower preventive threshold, which effectively mitigates runaway degradation, while the upper threshold shows limited influence due to increasing end-of-life uncertainty. This undermines the effectiveness of negative opportunistic maintenance strategies aimed at avoiding simultaneous interventions for systems with runaway degradation behaviour. The findings emphasise the critical role of degradation non-linearity and information limitations in maintenance decision-making, and indicate that improved monitoring may be necessary to effectively make use of condition-based maintenance policies for similar applications. |
| Keywords: | Hydropower, Critical infrastructure, Asset management, Degradation modelling |
| Date: | 2026–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05753309 |
| By: | Abbas Fathiazar (DICCA - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale [Genova] - UniGe - Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa = Université de Gênes); Silvia De Angeli (LOTERR - Centre de Recherche en Géographie - UL - Université de Lorraine, LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, DICCA - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale [Genova] - UniGe - Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa = Université de Gênes); Serena Cattari (DICCA - Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale [Genova] - UniGe - Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa = Université de Gênes) |
| Abstract: | Multi-hazard risk reduction is increasingly recognized as essential for effective disaster risk management, yet its operationalization remains constrained by decision-making frameworks that are not designed for cross-hazard comparison. This paper presents a unified microscale framework for harmonized flood and earthquake risk assessment and multi-hazard intervention appraisal in residential buildings. Here, microscale refers to building-specific assessment in which hazard intensity, exposure attributes, vulnerability functions, and intervention appraisal are represented at the level of individual residential buildings rather than aggregated spatial units. The framework establishes a common structure for hazard representation, exposure characterization, vulnerability modelling, and decision variables across flood and seismic domains while retaining hazard-specific physical models, enabling consistent evaluation of single-hazard as well as multi-hazard intervention strategies.The methodology combines building-level flood and seismic risk assessment with multidimensional performance metrics, including expected losses, life-safety outcomes, habitability, and environmental impacts. Flood and earthquake risks are evaluated using hazard-specific models, while their annualized consequences and intervention outcomes are brought together at the multi-hazard appraisal stage. Intervention appraisal is supported through feasibility screening based on payback-period constraints and Pareto-efficient analysis to identify nondominated retrofit options prior to a stakeholder-driven decision. The framework is demonstrated through an application to a portfolio of residential buildings in Pesaro (Italy) exposed to riverine flooding and seismic hazard under multiple hazard and vulnerability scenarios.Results show that changes in seismic demand, building vulnerability, and payback-period thresholds reshape the intervention decision space, shifting the portfolio from a feasibilitylimited regime dominated by no action or flood-only measures toward broader adoption of integrated strategies. In the investigated case study, under lower seismic demand, adoption of interventions is limited, and integration emerges primarily as an extension of economically viable single-hazard measures. As seismic demand and vulnerability increase, integrated strategies become structurally competitive, expand the actionable portfolio, and substantially shorten payback periods through cost sharing and synergy effects, although benefits remain typologydependent. More generally, the proposed framework provides an operational pathway for translating multi-hazard principles into building-scale decision support and offers practical |
| Keywords: | Multi-risk decision making; Earthquake and flood risk mitigation; Building portfolio analysis; Property-level mitigation; Payback period analysis; Risk governance |
| Date: | 2026–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05751280 |
| By: | Marina Palaisti |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a framework to assess loan portfolio budget in credit portfolios exposed to climate risk over a 3-5 year horizon. Using short-term scenarios from the NGFS, the approach translates transition and physical risk pathways into changes in obligor default risk. Firm performance is modeled within a structural credit risk framework where scenario-dependent climate shocks adjust the drift of firm value dynamics. Defaults occur when firm value falls below a liability threshold. Joint defaults are simulated using Monte Carlo methods with dependence captured via principal components. Resulting default-probability estimates inform a constrained optimization used to examine lending allocation across exposures. Climate scenario choice affects model-implied default probabilities and the resulting risk-return tradeoff across obligors and sectors. The results show scenario-specific differences in default-probability distributions, upper-tail risk, and lending allocation patterns. Under the benchmark synthetic portfolio, HWTP produces the highest mean and upper-tail PDs, while SWUC produces the lowest mean and median PDs. These rankings are model-implied and calibration-dependent rather than empirical rankings of climate-scenario severity. The framework remains transparent and can be refined as more granular climate and firm-level data become available. The framework helps banks link NGFS scenarios to sector-level credit risk and portfolio loss outcomes. It can support ICAAP and climate stress testing by highlighting exposures most sensitive to climate risk, adding a forward-looking overlay to existing models. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2610.00051 |
| By: | Patrick Baylis; Judson Boomhower; Bob Horton; Chris Mulverhill |
| Abstract: | Losses from natural disasters can be mitigated through investments in property protection, yet adoption of low-cost risk-reducing measures remains low. In wildfire-exposed areas, managing vegetation and other fuels next to homes decreases structure vulnerability, but few properties comply with best practices despite widespread outreach efforts. We report on two randomized field experiments that incentivized thousands of Oregon homeowners to participate in pre-existing fire department programs to reduce wildfire risk. Across both experiments, financial incentives of $100 to $500 resulted in up to 12% of homeowners scheduling free defensible space assessments, while information-only approaches achieved assessment takeup rates of 3% at most. Responses to subsidies are largest among owners of more valuable homes, while baseline wildfire risk does not predict responsiveness. On-the-ground and remotely-sensed measures of vegetation provide noisy estimates of treatment effects on endline vegetation. Finally, we consider the extent to which the estimated behavioral elasticities from these experiments might shed light on potential homeowner responses to pricing of wildfire risk reductions in home insurance premiums, a practice that is becoming more common due to technological and regulatory changes. |
| JEL: | C93 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35764 |
| By: | David Ching-Vindas (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica); Catalina Sandoval-Alvarado (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica); Carlos Segura-Rodriguez (Department of Economic Research, Central Bank of Costa Rica) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the effect of extreme hydrometeorological events on inflation in Costa Rica (2010–2025). We use precipitation data from “Climate hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation with Stations"(CHIRPS) to define extreme wet and dry shocks based on the historical 95th and 5th percentiles, respectively. We use the local projections method applied to an augmented Phillips curve to estimate impulse response functions from these shocks over a 12-month horizon. The results reveal significant asymmetric effects: wet events cause an immediate but transitory increase in prices, particularly in agricultural sub-indices, followed by a downward correction, whereas dry events generate a gradual increase that becomes statistically significant with a longer lag. Furthermore, we identify spatial heterogeneity by clustering municipalities according to their climate anomaly patterns. Finally, we find that the occurrence of consecutive extreme events amplifies the shock’s effect and its persistence, and quantile regressions confirm pronounced tail inflationary risks at the 90th percentile of the conditional distribution. These findings highlight the need to employ disaggregated climate data and explicitly incorporate their effects into macroeconomic forecasting models. ***Resumen: Este trabajo analiza los efectos de los eventos hidrometeorológicos extremos sobre la inflación en Costa Rica (2010–2025). Se utilizan datos de precipitación del sistema “Climate Hazards Center Infra Red Precipitation with Stations"(CHIRPS) para definir choques extremos lluviosos y secos a partir de los percentiles históricos 95 y 5, respectivamente. Mediante el método de proyecciones locales aplicado a una curva de Phillips ampliada, se estiman funciones impulso respuesta de estos choques para un horizonte de 12 meses. Los resultados revelan efectos asimétricos significativos: los extremos lluviosos provocan un incremento inmediato pero transitorio en los precios, especialmente en subíndices agropecuarios, seguido de una corrección a la baja, mientras que los eventos secos generan un aumento gradual que se vuelve estadísticamente significativo con mayor rezago. Adicionalmente, se identifica heterogeneidad espacial mediante el agrupamiento de cantones según sus patrones de anomalías climáticas. Finalmente, se encuentra que la ocurrencia de eventos extremos consecutivos amplifica el efecto del choque y su persistencia, y las regresiones cuantílicas confirman riesgos inflacionarios de cola pronunciados en el percentil 90 de la distribución condicional. Estos hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de emplear datos climáticos desagregados e incorporar explícitamente sus efectos en los modelos de pronostico macroeconómico. |
| Keywords: | Extreme hydrometeorological events, inflation, local projections, non-linearities, Eventos hidrometereológicos extremos, inflación, proyecciones locales, no linealidades. |
| JEL: | E37 Q54 E31 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apk:doctra:2608 |
| By: | Sheybanivaziri, Samaneh (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Kyritsis, Evangelos (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Europe’s move toward renewable energy has sped up as the need to cut emissions has become closely linked with the need to secure energy supply. The EU’s Fit for 55 package proposed a 40% renewable energy target for 2030 [16]. The REPowerEU plan later raised the ambition to 45% in May 2022 in response to the need to reduce dependence on Russian fossil fuels [17]. Besides the significant contribution of renewable energies to the generation mix, they have created a dichotomy in electricity prices. An abundance of renewables can create extremely low prices and high volatility. On the other hand, their absence or insufficiency turns the gas-fired units or some fossil fuels on, which can create extremely high power prices. This phenomenon, in combination with geopolitical factors, has generated a binary fat-tailed distribution in electricity prices, which motivated us to study it more closely. Therefore, in this paper, we analyse the determinants of extreme electricity prices by modelling the conditional tail index. Additionally, we extend the analysis by [18] to a more recent sample period. We show that observable market conditions, such as TTF prices, load, and renewable generation in Germany and Italy from 2018 to 2023, affect the heaviness of the price distribution tail, a dimension of risk that is not captured by standard approaches such as quantile regression. |
| Keywords: | Extreme electricity prices; conditional tail-index estimator |
| JEL: | C14 C22 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2026–09–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2026_011 |
| By: | Joseba De la Torre (Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE). Departamento de Economía. Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA). Pamplona, 31006 (Spain)); Mar Rubio-Varas (Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics (INARBE). Departamento de Economía. Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA). Pamplona, 31006 (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | Navarre, a small region on Europe's periphery, became Europe's third largest wind market by the late 1990s, led by a public-private firm: Energía Hidroeléctrica de Navarra (EHN). This paper reconstructs the origins of that transformation using primary and secondary sources. We argue that EHN succeeded in establishing the viable commercial model in renewable energy that was later imitated and replicated. We examine three keys to this trajectory: a regional industrial policy sustained for almost three decades beyond electoral cycles; the personal leadership of those who drove and directed the project; and EHN's own business design as a mixed public-private firm that acted as the catalyst for an entire industrial ecosystem. The interaction and cohesion of these elements —institutional framework, leadership, business fabric, and social consensus— form the combination that explains Navarre's trajectory, whose in-depth study this paper does not close but rather opens as a research agenda. |
| Keywords: | Wind energy, Navarre, Business history, Regional industrial policy, Industrial cluster |
| JEL: | N74 N84 Q42 R58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahe:dtaehe:2605 |
| By: | Karolina Hozova; Tomas Havranek; Zuzana Irsova |
| Abstract: | Appointing more women to corporate boards is widely expected to also raise firms' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We provide the first meta-analysis of this relationship, drawing on 533 estimates from 106 studies that measure ESG performance with Bloomberg or LSEG ratings. The average reported effect of a one-percentage-point increase in board gender diversity is about 0.28 ESG points, but much of it does not survive scrutiny. Correcting for publication bias with a battery of linear and non-linear methods lowers the effect to between roughly 0.08 and 0.17 points. A best-practice estimate that also imposes sound study design puts it near 0.12 for most of the world, markedly higher for the Middle East, and near -0.11 for the Southeast Asian markets that dominate the Asian evidence. The differences that remain across studies are systematic, driven mainly by geography and by the choice of estimation method rather than by the ESG-rating provider or the controls a study includes. Board gender diversity may be well worth pursuing on its own merits, but the evidence that it reliably raises ESG scores is weaker than the published record suggests. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.28549 |
| By: | Charles Labrousse; Yann Perdereau |
| Abstract: | The distributive effects of carbon taxation are critical for its political acceptability and depend on both income and geographic factors. Using French administrative data, household surveys, and matched employer–employee records, we document that rural households spend 2.8 times more on fossil fuels than urban households and work in firms that emit 2.7 times more greenhouse gases. We incorporate these facts into a spatial heterogeneous-agent model with migration, housing and wealth accumulation, bridging spatial and macroeconomic approaches. Carbon taxes generate 56% larger welfare losses for rural households than for urban households, as the former may be trapped due to mobility frictions and homeownership. While uniform or income-based rebates reduce inequality along the income dimension, they leave large spatial disparities that must be offset through location-based transfers. These results suggest that carbon policies should account for spatial differences to improve political feasibility. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Tax, Inequalities, Revenue Recycling, Spatial and Macroeconomic Models, Migration |
| JEL: | C61 E62 H23 Q43 Q58 R13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:1063 |
| By: | Szecsei, Blanka |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to examine the potential applications of parasocial relationships and heuristics in promoting sustainability. Parasocial relationships refer to one-sided emotional bonds formed with media figures or fictional characters. Through these relationships, consumers perceive issues that their favorites consider important as more relevant and closer to themselves. Heuristics, which play a key role in behavioral economics, simplify and speed up decision-making. By connecting these two phenomena, sustainability messages can be communicated more effectively, and the encouragement of sustainable behavior can become more successful. In this study, the author reviews practices that have aimed at social change. Based on the literature review and its analysis, recommendations are formulated that may contribute to more effective communication of sustainability messages in the future through the appropriate design of communication and campaigns. |
| Keywords: | parasocial relationships, heuristics, sustainability, marketing, communication |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343415 |
| By: | Saad Saidi (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan], UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Rachid Daanoune (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan], UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]) |
| Abstract: | This article examines university social responsibility (USR) in Morocco through a structured narrative review of theoretical and empirical studies. Despite the growth of national research, the literature remains fragmented and lacks a synthesis connecting the theoretical foundations of USR, its dimensions, implementation mechanisms, and territorial disparities. This review seeks to address this gap by developing a context-sensitive interpretive framework that consolidates existing knowledge, identifies its limitations, and guides future research. The synthesis reveals a marked increase in scholarly output: the bibliometric analysis used indicates that 11 of the 12 articles reviewed were published between 2018 and 2023, seven of which examine the integration of USR practices. Research remains concentrated in Rabat, Salé, Kenitra, and Casablanca, while none of the reviewed studies addresses higher education institutions in southern Morocco. Students account for 37% of the stakeholders examined, compared with 25% for faculty members, 25% for institutional leaders, and 13% for administrative staff. The reviewed studies point to limited and fragmented implementation, hindered by inadequate financial resources, excessive bureaucracy, and an insufficiently supportive organizational culture. The article contributes to the literature by contextualizing USR around three dimensions: ethics, environmental sustainability, and governance and by defining key priorities: developing a national strategy, integrating sustainable development into university curricula, and strengthening university–society partnerships. |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse la responsabilité sociétale des universités (RSU) au Maroc au moyen d'une revue narrative structurée de travaux théoriques et empiriques. Malgré l'essor des recherches nationales, la littérature reste fragmentée et dépourvue d'une synthèse reliant fondements théoriques, dimensions, modalités de mise en oeuvre et disparités territoriales. Cette revue vise à combler cette lacune par un cadre d'interprétation contextualisé qui consolide les connaissances, en cerne les limites et oriente les recherches futures. La synthèse révèle une forte intensification des publications : l'analyse bibliométrique mobilisée indique que 11 des 12 articles recensés ont été publiés entre 2018 et 2023, dont sept portent sur l'intégration des pratiques de RSU. Les recherches se concentrent à Rabat, Salé, Kénitra et Casablanca, tandis qu'aucune étude recensée ne concerne les établissements du sud du Maroc. Les étudiants représentent 37 % des parties prenantes étudiées, contre 25 % pour les enseignants, 25 % pour les chefs d'établissement et 13 % pour le personnel administratif. Les travaux mettent en évidence une mise en oeuvre limitée et fragmentée, entravée par l'insuffisance des ressources financières, la bureaucratie et une culture organisationnelle peu adaptée. La contribution réside dans la contextualisation de la RSU autour de trois dimensions éthique, durabilité environnementale et gouvernance et dans la définition de priorités : stratégie nationale, intégration du développement durable dans les curricula et renforcement des partenariats université-société. |
| Keywords: | Literature review, Moroccan higher education., Societal impact, University social responsibility (USR), Sustainable development, Enseignement supérieur au Maroc., Revue de littérature, Impact sociétal, Responsabilité sociétale des universités (RSU), Développement durable |
| Date: | 2026–08–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05718492 |
| By: | Alexandre Soriano (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Martine Bes (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Anne-Cécile Meunier (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Céline Georget (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Phonsiri Saengram (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Sergi Navarro-Sanz (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Aurore Vernet (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Murielle Portefaix (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Thomas Mauran (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Maryline Summo (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Gaetan Droc (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Christophe Perin (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Background: Functional genomics in plant biology relies on the generation, reuse, and long-term management of large numbers of plasmids produced through diverse cloning strategies. As collections expand across users and projects, laboratories face increasing challenges in organization, traceability, and preservation of construction histories. Existing cloning and sequence-design software supports plasmid design but does not address collaborative, laboratory-wide plasmid management. Results: We developed PlasmiDB, an open-source, web-based database for managing plasmid collections in multi-user research environments. PlasmiDB provides structured storage of plasmid metadata, explicit tracking of plasmid genealogy, and traceability throughout the plasmid life cycle, including inter-laboratory exchanges. The system implements project-based access control and supports collaborative workflows involving staff, students, and core facilities. Implemented using a standard LAMP architecture and deployable via Docker, PlasmiDB is designed for extensibility without modification of the core database schema. A gene module links genetic targets to associated plasmids, primers, and CRISPR reagents, improving coherence between molecular constructs and experimental objectives. In our laboratory, PlasmiDB currently manages nearly 700 plasmids and facilitates reporting through automated declaration file generation. Conclusions: PlasmiDB complements existing cloning tools by providing traceability, collaboration support, and long-term data stewardship for plant molecular biology laboratories. The source code and Docker image are publicly available. |
| Keywords: | Open-source database, Plasmid management, Plant molecular biology, Functional genomics, Plasmid traceability |
| Date: | 2026–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05765581 |
| By: | Felix Reichelk |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces and studies the Multi-Objective Enterprise Green Supply Chain Network Design problem (MOEDGSCND) an extension of the well known Multi-Objective Supply Chain Network Design (MO-SCND), in this case a three-objective combinatorial optimisation problem that simultaneously minimises total cost f1, carbon dioxide emissions f2, and customer dissatisfaction f3 over binary decisions on which distribution centres to open and how to assign customer zones to open facilities. The problem generalises capacitated facility location and is known to be NP-hard. Furthermore this paper lays out a formal specification of decision variables, objective functions, all constraints and then investigates and compares three solution approaches using a single numerical instance: (A) exact weighted-sum integer linear programming solved via PuLP, (B) three Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Schemes (FPTAS) providing (.94 + $\epsilon$)-guarantee approximations for $\epsilon$ := 0.15, and (C) two baseline heuristics for comparison. On an eight-customer, five-candidate-DC instance the exact solver certifies the optimal Pareto front across eight weight combinations, and all three FPTAS variants achieve their approximation guarantees, finishing within milliseconds compared to centiseconds for the exact ILP using the PuLP solver on this scale. |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.11971 |
| By: | Nethmi Abesinghe (University of Moratuwa); Kumuduni Hennayaka (University of Moratuwa); Ayesha Malshani (University of Moratuwa); Chaminie Ranahansi (University of Moratuwa); Priyasha Ranathunga (University of Moratuwa); Vathsala Wickramasinghe (University of Moratuwa); Prasanna Illankoon (University of Moratuwa) |
| Abstract: | Despite technological advances, many manufacturing industries continue to rely on manual assembly lines. However, manual assembly lines often experience situations of underutilized manpower due to inefficient workload distribution and suboptimal work methods. The ability to optimize manpower utilization in labour-intensive operations remains a decisive factor in sustaining operational efficiency while contributing to better workforce morale and engagement. This paper presents a case report of optimizing manpower utilization in a manual assembly process in Sri Lanka. The main objectives of the study were to investigate the current state of manpower utilization in the manual assembly process and optimize the manpower utilization using work study and lean techniques. These objectives well align with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8), Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG 9), and Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12). Through systematic analysis of work methods and time measurement data, this study developed an evidence-based framework for manpower optimization. The findings provide an essential understanding of the interconnected impact of work method inefficiencies and workload imbalances on manpower utilization. This led to the optimization of manpower utilization through improved work methods and workload re-distribution without altering the plant's existing level of automation to create more efficient and sustainable production processes with increased worker well-being. Overall, the holistic methodology adopted in the study can be replicated to optimize manpower utilization in numerous contexts across different types and sizes of organizations. |
| Keywords: | labour-intensive manufacturing, lean manufacturing, manpower utilization, manual assembly line, sustainable manufacturing, operational efficiency, work study, labour productivity, Case report paper, workforce optimization |
| Date: | 2026–09–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05752507 |
| By: | Marina Palaisti |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a public-data framework for evaluating incremental bank lending when plausible climate scenarios imply different sector credit outcomes but defensible scenario probabilities are unavailable. The calibration combines 2025 Shared National Credit industry commitments, January 2026 U.S. industry leverage, interest coverage and equity volatility from Damodaran, and official 2027 sector-level probability-of-default adjustments from the NGFS CLIMACRED model. One-year Merton probabilities provide independent baseline credit-risk proxies for 16 non-financial sectors representing \$5.2808 trillion of commitments. Minimax regret is compared with symmetric scenario weighting and maximin under two principal decision scores: expected loss and a credit-compensation payoff using Damodaran synthetic spreads. DAPS raises the commitment-weighted one-year PD from 0.0592\% to 0.0897\%. At a 12.5\% sector cap, minimax regret reduces maximum expected-loss regret by 29.1\% relative to symmetric scenario weighting; under the credit-compensation score the reduction is 69.1\%. Sensitivity to concentration limits, crosswalk weights, Merton inputs and the climate-PD transport shows that the value of minimax regret is conditional on scenario-specific sector rankings differing near binding portfolio constraints. The contribution is an operational decision-fragility framework for financial institutions and supervisors, not evidence about realized bank behavior or universally optimal climate lending. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2610.00104 |
| By: | Delić, Erna; Gadžo, Amra |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to explore how Swedish sustainability reports can serve as a reference point for Bosnia and Herzegovina in building a more coherent and comparable reporting system. This study focuses on sustainability reports from Swedish listed companies aligned with the CSRD as a benchmark for Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2024. By conducting a comparative and content analysis highlight how the structured and detailed form of Swedish reports can inform the development of BiH's practices, which at present lack consistency and formalization. The findings suggest that implementing the CSRD could accelerate BiH's transition toward systematic and internationally comparable reporting. The paper concludes on how Swedish experiences and reporting practices can be adapted to the Bosnian context. The findings indicate that Swedish reports are characterized by a high degree of standardization, sectoral comparability, and integration with European sustainability frameworks, while Bosnian reports show inconsistency and limited stakeholder orientation. The study concludes that gradual adoption of the CSRD, accompanied by institutional support and sector-specific guidelines, could accelerate Bosnia and Herzegovina's transition toward systematic, transparent, and internationally comparable reporting. Swedish experiences thus offer concrete lessons for designing a more coherent sustainability reporting system in Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
| Keywords: | sustainability reporting, content analysis, corporate sustainability reporting directive |
| JEL: | M40 M41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343409 |
| By: | Bhattarai, Keshav; Adhikari, Ambika P. (Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS), Kathmandu, Nepal) |
| Abstract: | Nepal’s catastrophic 26 August 2026 Bhote Koshi–Trishuli flood should be understood not only as a humanitarian tragedy but also as a potentially major turning point in updating national settlement and reconstruction policy. Engineers and scientists have described the floods as a glacier–bedrock collapse that triggered an ice-rock avalanche and debris flow. As per the live updates on September 7, 2026, the total death toll was 1, 355, and 4, 996 people were missing (The Hindu, 2026). Indian and Nepali rescuers worked urgently to locate and rescue people buried under hydropower tunnels, buildings, mud, and landslide debris. UN News reported on September 3, 2026, that more than 22, 000 children in the flood-affected region lacked safe drinking water (UN News, 2026). UNICEF also estimated that at least 19 schools had been damaged and that more than 10, 000 school-age children urgently needed safe learning spaces (UN News, 2026). Coming just one year after the July 2025 flood in the same transboundary Lhende–Rasuwagadhi river system, this disaster underscores the risks of rebuilding vulnerable settlements and infrastructure in repeatedly exposed corridors. In the aftermath of this disaster, this article proposes Smart Settlement Guidelines for Nepal, informed by evidence on cryosphere-related hazards and disaster risks that resilient infrastructure, managed relocation, and disaster-resilient building practices can mitigate. Smart settlements should also account for Nepal’s remittance-dependent economy, local and imported food systems, and governance arrangements across local, provincial, and federal levels. Rather than advocating wholesale relocation of affected populations, the article advances a risk-differentiated approach: prohibiting new settlements in scientifically identified high-risk (red) zones, retrofitting viable communities, expanding river and slope buffers, and facilitating voluntary, rights-based relocation where residual risks remain unacceptable. Recognizing that disaster-related destruction does not extinguish property rights, relocation should be underpinned by fair compensation, land swaps, transferable development rights, and livelihood restoration. |
| Date: | 2026–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5z826_v1 |
| By: | Massimo Guidolin, Serena Ionta |
| Abstract: | We investigate the transmission channels of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) to the U.S. capital market using a Bayesian Structural VAR estimated on monthly data from 1994 to 2023. By jointly modeling CPU alongside the VIX and the Financial Stress Index (FSI), we isolate the mechanisms through which climate-related regulatory uncertainty affects equity valuations. Three findings emerge. First, CPU shocks significantly depress the S&P 500 index and price–dividend ratios while raising financial stress. Second, unlike conventional uncertainty shocks– which produce demand-type disinflationary contractions– CPU innovations generate supply-driven recessions, characterized by rising goods prices alongside falling asset prices, consistent with transition-cost pressures. Third, counterfactual exercises that selectively mute financial channels reveal that systemic financial stress is the dominant propagation mechanism: shutting down the FSI channel renders equity-market responses statistically insignificant, whereas muting the VIX leaves them intact. The findings are robust across a range of identification and specification exercises, including the construction of economic confidence bands from 240 alternative recursive specifications. These results establish CPU as a structurally distinct driver for financial markets, whose transmission to valuations is critically mediated by credit and intermediation frictions rather than by forward-looking volatility. |
| Keywords: | Financial Stress, Financial Uncertainty, VIX, Stock Prices, Stock Valuations, Climate Policy Uncertainty, Climate Change. |
| JEL: | C32 E31 E44 G15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:baf:cbafwp:cbafwp26285 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Isabelle Piot-Lepetit (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Presentation slides of Laura Slot at Academic Symposium IFAMA 2026. |
| Keywords: | Business models, Agri-food SMEs, Agro-ecology, Digital technologies |
| Date: | 2026–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05746897 |
| By: | Kauhanen, Antti; Koski, Heli; Kuusi, Tero; Kässi, Otto; Rouvinen, Petri; Wang, Maria |
| Abstract: | Abstract Technological progress is the most important source of economic growth, but its effects on productivity and well-being depend on how new technologies are adopted and how labor and capital are reallocated to new activities. This report brings together findings from the Cartagena project, conducted by ETLA and funded by Business Finland, on the digital and clean transitions and the economic policies supporting them. The results indicate that AI exposure in Finland has so far not been systematically associated with weaker employment or wage outcomes among young workers, nor does AI use appear to have reduced employee well-being. Information based on personal consumption data can influence consumer choices, although the effects are moderate on average. The productivity effects of the green transition depend critically on whether resources move toward high- or low-productivity clean activities. The effectiveness of business subsidies likewise depends on their ability to generate new investment, technology adoption, and structural change. |
| Keywords: | Technological change, Artificial intelligence, Green transition |
| JEL: | O33 J24 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:186 |
| By: | Sylvain Zeghni (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - Université Gustave Eiffel - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | L'habitabilité terrestre peut être envisagée comme la capacité du système Terre à maintenir, dans la durée, des conditions physiques et écologiques compatibles avec la vie complexe et avec l'organisation des sociétés humaines. Cette propriété n'est pas indépendante des transformations de la biosphère: elle résulte d'un ensemble d'interactions entre l'atmosphère, les océans, la cryosphère, les écosystèmes et les sociétés. L'Anthropocène se caractérise précisément par une perturbation rapide de ces interactions sous l'effet des émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre, de la conversion des terres et de l'intensification des usages des ressources. Cet article examine cette transformation à partir de trois entrées complémentaires: les limites planétaires, les contraintes physiologiques imposées par les chaleurs extrêmes et les dynamiques de basculement susceptibles d'affecter certains grands soussystèmes du système Terre. L'analyse montre que le risque climatique ne peut être réduit à une hausse moyenne de température. Il concerne également les marges de résilience des écosystèmes, les conditions de thermorégulation humaine, les rétroactions du carbone et de l'eau, ainsi que les capacités d'adaptation des sociétés. Cette perspective conduit enfin à considérer l'habitabilité comme une question de justice, de mobilité et de gouvernance mondiale. |
| Keywords: | Habitabilité, limites planétaires, points de bascule, niche climatique humaine, température au thermomètre mouillé |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05744366 |
| By: | Jesús Arellano-González; Anna Karina Pérez-Peña; Mauricio Iván Acosta-García; Miriam Juárez-Torres |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the impact of tropical cyclones on food prices in Mexico using monthly panel data of the price indexes of different food categories and the method of local projections proposed by Jordà (2005). The impact of tropical cyclones is aproximated with estimates of the maximum sustained wind speed they reach as they impact Mexican cities. The results suggest a temporary increase in food prices following the impact of a tropical cyclone, driven primarily by increases in the prices of fresh vegetables and dry legumes. For example, a hurricane reaching a maximum sustained wind speed of 100 km/h is associated with an immediate 3.1% increase in fresh vegetable prices relative to a scenario without a cyclone. The results also suggest that food prices tend to be less sensitive to tropical cyclone impacts in cities with more developed infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Food prices;Tropical cyclones;Local projections;Panel data |
| JEL: | E31 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2026-04 |
| By: | Rémy Dufal (IDE - Institut de Droit de l'Environnement - EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - UJM EPE - Université Jean Monnet (EPSCPE) - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ALLHiS - Approches Littéraires, Linguistiques et Historiques des Sources - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - UJM EPE - Université Jean Monnet (EPSCPE), EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - UJM EPE - Université Jean Monnet (EPSCPE) - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ALLHiS - Approches Littéraires, Linguistiques et Historiques des Sources - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - UJM EPE - Université Jean Monnet (EPSCPE)) |
| Abstract: | La décision SMA Vautubière rendue par le Conseil constitutionnel le 30 janvier 2026 a censuré partiellement les conditions d'institution par les communes de la taxe sur les déchets réceptionnés dans une installation de stockage de déchets ménagers et assimilés ou un incinérateur de déchets ménagers prévue par l'article L. 2333-92 du CGCT. La décision nous donne l'occasion de revenir d'abord brièvement sur un dispositif de fiscalité locale institué vingt ans plus tôt et qui a été progressivement élargi, au point d'aboutir à la censure de l'espèce. Le législateur a depuis simplifié le dispositif, dans un laps de temps on ne peut plus rapide, puisque entériné quelques semaines plus tard par l'adoption de la loi de finances pour 2026 du 19 février 2026 avec d'autres ajustements – sur lesquels nous reviendrons. Si les conséquences pratiques de la décision commentée s'avèrent donc très limitées, hormis pour les instances en cours, elle n'en demeure pas moins intéressante par l'illustration qu'elle donne des modalités d'applications des principes d'égalité devant la loi et devant les charges publiques à un dispositif fiscal lié à l'environnement. |
| Keywords: | Waste, Environmental taxation, Environmental tax, Taxe d'enlèvement des ordures ménagères, TGAP, Fiscalité écologique, Fiscalité environnementale |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05756218 |
| By: | Dhakal, Sudeep; Dhakal, Prakriti; Zamani, Abu Taha; Abdeljaber, Hikmat A.M.; Jha, Sudan |
| Abstract: | Groundwater is the primary source of household supply in many fast-growing towns of the Nepal Terai, yet local data on abstraction practices and on the awareness of the people who depend on these aquifers remain limited. This study examined groundwater abstraction in Tilottama Municipality, in Rupandehi District, and the effects it has on the surrounding environment. A questionnaire survey of 397 randomly selected households across all 17 wards of the municipality was paired with focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and field observation. Data were collected between January and September 2022. Of the surveyed households, 353 (89 percent) named the piped gravity system as their primary source for household use, while 44 (11 percent) abstracted directly through tube wells; the piped system itself is fed by deep boring, so household supply depends on groundwater throughout. Per capita consumption drawn from groundwater sources averaged roughly 56 litres per day. A change in water table depth over the past decade was reported in 14.3 percent of wells, mostly in the northern wards. About 84 percent of the municipal area remained open, and 99.2 percent of household plots retained some space suitable for recharge. Awareness was the weakest link: 63.1 percent of households did not understand how groundwater recharge works, and 87.2 percent were unaware of the rules and regulations that govern its use. These findings carry direct practical significance for municipal planners in rapidly urbanising Terai towns: the physical capacity for recharge already exists, so the more cost-effective policy lever is building awareness and enforcement capacity now, before the aquifer moves from manageable pressure to the kind of deficit already documented in the Kathmandu Valley. The aquifer appears to be under growing but still manageable pressure, with ample physical capacity for recharge offset by a clear shortfall in awareness and regulation. |
| Keywords: | aquifer depletion;groundwater abstraction;household survey;managed aquifer recharge;Nepal Terai;public awareness;water table decline |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:141053 |
| By: | Hiroyuki Kasahara; Allen Peters; Oliver Xu |
| Abstract: | Machine learning predicts outcomes well, but predictive accuracy does not ensure reliable counterfactual responses. We examine how to combine machine learning and theory for measurement and counterfactual analysis, using maritime CO2 emissions where physics provides a benchmark speed response. Matching hourly tracking data for dry bulk and container ships to annual fuel consumption reported under EU regulations, we compare engineering calculations, structural regressions, hybrid models, and machine learning. Out of sample, all estimated models predict within a few percent of reported totals, outperforming standard engineering calculations. Yet pure machine learning and unrestricted structural regression imply attenuated speed responses. Hybrids preserve the structural component's speed response by excluding speed-related inputs from the machine learning component. A cost-benefit analysis of speed reductions illustrates the policy stakes: an attenuated speed response can flip the sign of net benefits. Accurate aggregate predictions therefore cannot substitute for scrutiny of the restrictions determining counterfactual responses. |
| Date: | 2026–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2610.01008 |
| By: | Bhattarai, Keshav; Adhikari, Ambika P. (Institute for Integrated Development Studies (IIDS), Kathmandu, Nepal) |
| Abstract: | The August 2026 Bhote Koshi–Trishuli disaster was not simply another flood. It was a cascading cryosphere disaster linking glacier instability, steep Himalayan topography, hydropower, highways, international trade, tourism, and pilgrimage—exposing weaknesses in transboundary observation, monitoring, and development planning (ICIMOD, 2026b; Reuters, 2026a). Nepal must treat it as a turning point. On the morning of 26 August 2026, the mountains above Nepal’s northern frontier delivered a disaster of almost unimaginable speed and scale. A massive mass of ice, rock, and sediment detached in the high Himalayan terrain near the Nepal–Tibet border, descended roughly 1, 200 metres, interacted with the Lhende Khola system, and generated a debris-rich flood that surged through the Bhote Koshi and Trishuli river corridors, destroying settlements, markets, roads, bridges, hydropower facilities, and an international border crossing and transforming them into fields of mud, boulders, and wreckage within minutes (ICIMOD, 2026b; Reuters, 2026a). Satellite analysis indicates that a substantial section of glacier and adjoining rock detached from approximately 5, 200 metres elevation, while river levels downstream rose by as much as seven to nine metres within approximately half an hour in some locations (ICIMOD, 2026b; The Guardian, 2026). That rate left extraordinarily little time for people to recognize the danger, much less to evacuate. Although some areas were warned via police megaphones, announcements by the local governments, and mobile alerts, most people took it as regular seasonal flood warnings and missed the opportunity to escape. |
| Date: | 2026–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hzgae_v1 |
| By: | Colin Aitken; Michael K. Tippett; Pedram Hassanzadeh; Katherine Kowal; Rendani Mbuvha; John H. Marsham; Shruti Nath; Ousmane Ndiaye; Douglas J. Parker; Caroline M Wainwright; Michael Kremer; William R. Boos |
| Abstract: | Artificial-intelligence weather prediction (AIWP) models have made it possible to produce high-quality tailored forecasts with limited computational resources. This advance has the potential to benefit hundreds of millions of farmers in low- and middle-income countries who lack access to forecasts of critical weather phenomena. However, it can be difficult for key stakeholders to evaluate forecast quality, risking a "race to the bottom" as cheap but low-quality forecasts crowd out forecasts that would benefit farmers. We propose a set of principles and protocols for evaluating agriculturally-relevant forecasts as a starting point for standards that would let forecasters credibly convey their forecasts' quality. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2610.00782 |
| By: | Olesya Fomenko; Melissa McInerney; Sebastian Negrusa |
| Abstract: | A growing body of research shows that excessive heat increases the frequency of heat-related injuries at work. While interest in mitigating occupational risks from excessive heat is high, there is little evidence on whether legislation targeting heat exposure can reduce such injuries. Using a triple-differences approach and administrative data from workers’ compensation systems, we evaluate California’s heat standard – adopted in 2005 - and find that the standard substantially reduces the frequency of work injuries in the construction, agriculture, and transportation industries. The effects increase with outside temperatures and are larger among younger workers. Our findings have clear implications for workplace safety and contribute to ongoing policy debates. |
| JEL: | H0 I1 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35772 |
| By: | Bouhid, Laila; Flamand, Marina; Frigant, Vincent |
| Abstract: | Several recent studies on the Technological Innovation System seek to understand the processes underlying the construction of the system. In this article, we explain that two types of process exist: on the one hand, Strategic System Building arising from a proactive approach by System Builders; on the other hand, a process known as Emergent System Formation, in which it is the structural properties of the initial system which, through an organic process, enable agents to develop the system via their spontaneous interactions. We postulate that these two processes may co-exist or follow one another over time for each of the functions traditionally studied within the TIS. We then evaluate this hypothesis with regard to the function of knowledge development and diffusion within the Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) TIS. We analyse 55 research projects on SAFs, involving 442 participants and funded by the European Union between 2008 and 2024. Using a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative analysis and social network analysis, we show that the four periods of development of this function initially rely on a Strategic System Building process, which wanes in the following period, before an Emergence Formation System process takes over. One of the article’s contributions is to propose indicators to characterise these processes when there is a large volume of data to process. |
| Keywords: | Technological innovation system; System building; Sustainable Aviation Fuel; Knowledge development and diffusion function; European research projects; CORDIS |
| JEL: | L23 L62 O33 Q42 |
| Date: | 2026–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:131159 |
| By: | California State Transportation Agency; California Energy Commission; UC Davis Institute of Transportation Studies |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt97g6n2rj |
| By: | John C. Whitehead; Paul Hindsley; O. Ashton Morgan |
| Abstract: | This paper tests convergent validity between the travel cost method and contingent valuation method using opt-in panel data on recreation trips to South Florida. Data come from four survey waves administered through the Dynata panel between April 2024 and March 2025, yielding a final sample of 2103 Florida residents who took a recent recreation trip and plan another. Respondents are split into day trippers and overnight trippers. Travel cost models estimate recreation demand with a truncated negative binomial specification, using both average and minimum travel cost to 11 South Florida sites as the price measure. Contingent valuation models use a panel logit specification with two dependent variables, an initial yes/no response to a hypothetical trip cost increase and a version adjusted for respondent certainty. Consumer surplus and willingness to pay estimates, along with Krinsky-Robb confidence intervals, are computed for all eight models. Willingness to pay exceeds consumer surplus in six of eight comparisons, but only one difference is statistically significant. The results suggest that Travel Cost Method and Contingent Valuation Method welfare estimates from opt-in panel data are largely convergent valid. The findings support continued, cautious use of opt-in panel data for recreation valuation. Key Words: travel cost method, contingent valuation method, convergent validity, opt-in panel data. |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:26-10 |
| By: | Kyung-In Hwang (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Talk of a crisis in Korea’s battery industry has not subsided. Slowing demand for electric vehicles, China’s expanding market share, and mounting policy uncertainty in major economies have arrived together, and the earnings of Korean firms have suffered as a result. What deserves attention, however, is that this recent weakness does not stem from any stagnation in the global battery industry. World battery demand continues to rise in existing markets, on the intensive margin, and demand in new applications, on the extensive margin, has lately been expanding quickly.<p> This paper shows that the root cause of the crisis in Korea’s battery industry lies not in the electric vehicle chasm itself but in an erosion of competitiveness in the country’s core market and core product. It further argues that the industry’s center of growth is shifting structurally from electric vehicles to energy storage systems (ESS), and it focuses on the US ESS market, which is growing on the strength of expanding renewable generation and the spread of AI data centers. The United States is combining tariff policy with the supply chain restrictions attached to the advanced manufacturing production credit (AMPC) to reduce its reliance on Chinese ESS and build a supply chain centered on itself. These policy changes are expected to open new growth opportunities for Korean battery firms that have established production bases on US soil.<p> ESS is critical infrastructure underpinning the global energy transition and the spread of the AI industry. Building ESS into a new engine of growth for Korea’s battery industry will require using US supply chain policy strategically, and it will also require expanded policy support to strengthen the domestic battery materials industry, to upgrade the systems through which Korea responds to industrial and trade policy in major economies, and to build capability in next-generation ESS technology and system integration (SI). |
| Keywords: | ESS; AI data centers; AIDC; secondary batteries; power grids; tariffs; domestic production tax credit |
| Date: | 2026–08–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:023647 |