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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Aziz, Mustahsin; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404491 |
| By: | Luc Bodiguel (DCS - Droit et changement social - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - UFR DSP - Nantes Université - UFR Droit et Sciences Politiques - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Carbon farming is often represented as a way to offset greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. The Chapter first examines the paradoxical nature of the relationship between climate change and agriculture and the uncertainties surrounding (i) the potential for carbon reduction and (ii) the assessment of carbon reduction, sequestration and storage. It then directs its focus to the legal framework, which is indeed complex, in that carbon farming falls under two areas of governance that may adopt different approaches. European Union (EU) climate law and policy promote an accounting regime for Member States, which has the capacity to encourage engagement by private companies in the agricultural sector. Within this umbrella regime, attention is directed to two specific legislative initiatives, the Effort Sharing Regulation and Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Regulation, to demonstrate both their scope and shortcomings in practice. The second area of governance of relevance for understanding the legal framework for carbon farming concerns two policy areas which are operational: the Common Agricultural Policy and the Carbon Farming Certification Policy. The Chapter demonstrates how the relevant mechanisms are based upon a contractual approach, or at least on voluntary participation. These developments indicate that carbon farming is 'on the radar' for legislators. However, they also indicate that there remain questions on their effectiveness in regulating carbon farming, which merit further research. |
| Keywords: | Common Agricultural Policy, UE Carbon Farming Certification regulation, EU Climate Policy, Carbon farming |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05724619 |
| By: | Terhi Maczulskij; Outi Jurvanen |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how firms’ environmental performance responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets. We draw on unique administrative data for Finnish manufacturing firms from 1999 to 2018, matched with national customs records, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use. The results show that while export demand shocks significantly increase firms’ export volumes and energy consumption, they do not improve overall environmental performance. Specifically, we find no significant effects on carbon intensity or total energy intensity, although fuel intensity declines, particularly in more polluting industries. Heterogeneity and mechanism analyses further reveal that financially weaker firms experience increases in emissions and carbon intensity, suggesting that financial constraints may limit their ability to adopt cleaner technologies. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of firm-level characteristics in shaping the environmental consequences of trade shocks and suggest that export-promotion policies should account for firms’ financial capacities to support green investments and sustainable outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Emissions, Energy expenditure, Energy intensity, Export demand shock, Firm-level, Carbon intensity |
| JEL: | D22 F22 O30 |
| Date: | 2025–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pst:wpaper:354 |
| By: | Francesco Paolo Mongelli; Claudio Morana |
| Abstract: | We study the distributional dynamics of extreme weather in Europe and its macroeconomic and financial consequences, distinguishing climate risk from climate uncertainty. Using a balanced panel of forty European countries over 1981-2024 and the E3CI composite index and its seven hazard components, we condition the distribution of extreme weather on anthropogenic radiative forcing and natural climate oscillators, measuring climate risk by the conditional median and climate uncertainty by the conditional interquartile range. Both moments respond nonlinearly to greenhouse gas concentrations. Still, the contribution of natural forcing is asymmetric: climate risk reflects anthropogenic and natural drivers, whereas climate uncertainty is predominantly anthropogenic, with wildfires as the main exception. The post-2010 acceleration in warming is reflected in both moments, although with distinct spatial patterns. Both risk and uncertainty depress economic activity through a common productivity channel: real wages absorb most of the efficiency loss, consumption contracts by more than output, and labor utilization remains largely unchanged. Uncertainty effects are roughly twice as large as risk effects for a typical annual change, and their incidence is governed more by countries' absorptive capacity than by physical exposure, making climate change a source of economic divergence within Europe. In financial markets, climate exposures are concentrated in the uncertainty measures, with the value factor loading negatively on maximum-temperature and wildfire uncertainty and risk. Overall, the evidence is consistent with irreversibility and precautionary behavior as important mechanisms through which climate uncertainty affects macroeconomic activity and asset prices. |
| Keywords: | climate change uncertainty; extreme weather; panel quantile regression; general-to-specific model selection; climate attribution; irreversibility; Fama-French factors; Europe. |
| JEL: | C23 C21 Q54 E32 G12 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mib:wpaper:581 |
| By: | Lasse S. Stötzer; Florian Zimmermann |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the moral roots of climate policy attitudes. We fielded a survey with a representative sample in the US to study the predictive power of moral universalism in ex plaining heterogeneity in specific climate policy attitudes. Our results reveal that universalism significantly relates to support for various policy measures that prevail in current policy debates in most countries, including domestic policies such as a carbon tax and a green infrastructure program, as well as international policies such as international burden-sharing. This pattern is replicated in simple bystander allocation decisions where respondents are asked to decide “who should pay” to fight climate change or to mitigate the adverse consequences of global warming. Open-text elicitations further corroborate these results and identify moral universalism as a key aspect of how people reason about climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Moral Universalism, Climate Change, Policy A tudes, Survey |
| JEL: | D01 C91 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_773 |
| By: | Seidel, Christian; Ostermann, Lars; Clausen, Jens |
| Abstract: | In the last two years, interest in the use of heat from river water has grown in leaps and bounds. But how much heat can be extracted from the river on your own doorstep? What are the ecological consequences? Which locations are particularly suitable? Our guide attempts to answer these questions briefly and simply and thus aims to help integrate river water heat into municipal heat planning. |
| Keywords: | Heap Pump, River Water, Climate Change, Energy Efficiency, Sustainable Innovation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:343036 |
| By: | Troske, William |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404436 |
| By: | Helm, Annalise |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404507 |
| By: | Valentina Peruzzi; Maria Luisa Signore; Salvatore Vergine |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how direct exposure to climate-related natural disasters shapes the evolution of climate change beliefs over time. Using survey data collected through face-to-face interviews in Italy, we analyze perceived climate change severity across three temporal horizons (past, present, and future), accounting for heterogeneity in individual characteristics. We first provide regression-based evidence on the relationship between disaster exposure and perceived severity. We then examine belief updating dynamics by estimating non-homogeneous Markov transition matrices conditional on individual traits. Our findings show that exposure to natural disasters is associated with higher climate-related concern and greater persistence in high-severity belief states. Belief updating is heterogeneous: younger and risk-loving individuals tend to revise their perceptions more sharply following exposure, whereas older or risk-averse respondents display more gradual updating patterns. |
| Keywords: | Natural disasters; Climate change beliefs; Field study; Markov model |
| JEL: | Q54 D83 C93 C63 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sap:wpaper:wp273 |
| By: | Monteiro, Gabriel (Carnegie Mellon University); Severnini, Edson (Boston College) |
| Abstract: | Transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions worldwide, with most automobile pollution coming from vehicles older than 10 years. Yet, policies often discourage removing older vehicles from the fleet, with consequences for pollution and public health. This paper examines an equity-motivated anti-scrappage policy in Brazil using a border-pair design exploiting state variation in vehicle tax exemption age thresholds. Using municipality-level vehicle registration data from 2013-2020, we find lower exemption thresholds increase average fleet age by up to one year, encouraging owners to retain vehicles until they qualify for tax exemptions. Using fleet- and satellite-based pollution estimates and administrative health data, we show these policies increase on-road CO2 emissions per capita by up to 23% and PM2.5 concentrations by 4%, while worsening infant health. Leveraging state reforms that raised exemption ages, we find incumbents face greater electoral penalties where more vehicles re-enter the tax base, consistent with a “political environmental trap.†Within an MVPF framework, lowering the exemption age by five years generates a net welfare loss of $0.78 for every $1 of forgone government revenue. |
| Keywords: | vehicle ownership tax, transportation-related local air pollution, infant health, electoral and fiscal outcomes, border-pair approach |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 Q58 H23 I18 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18898 |
| By: | Gabriel Facundes Monteiro; Edson R. Severnini |
| Abstract: | Transportation is a major source of greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions worldwide, with most automobile pollution coming from vehicles older than 10 years. Yet, many policies discourage the removal of older vehicles from the fleet, with potential consequences for pollution and public health. This paper examines an equity-motivated anti-scrappage policy in Brazil using a border-pair design that exploits state variation in the age thresholds for vehicle ownership tax exemptions. Using municipality-level vehicle registration data from 2013-2020, we find that lower exemption age thresholds increase the average fleet age by up to one year, as they encourage owners to retain vehicles until they qualify for tax exemptions. Using fleet- and satellite-based estimates of pollution and administrative health data, we show that these policies increase on-road CO2 emissions per capita by up to 23% and PM2.5 concentrations by 4%, while deteriorating infant health outcomes. Leveraging state reforms that raised exemption ages, we find evidence that incumbents face greater electoral penalties wherever a greater share of the vehicle fleet re-enters the tax base, consistent with a “political environmental trap.” Within an MVPF framework, we find that lowering the exemption age by five years generates a net welfare loss of $0.78 for every $1 of forgone government revenue. |
| JEL: | H23 I18 Q53 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35713 |
| By: | Abdelkader Aguir (ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières, ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI2R Research in Real Estate [Lyon] - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières, MOFID-Université de Sousse); Fernanda Sabrini-Chatelard (ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI2R Research in Real Estate [Lyon] - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières); Marouene Mbarek (ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI2R Research in Real Estate [Nantes] - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Climate change and the transition toward a low-carbon economy have intensified the debate on the interaction between environmental factors and macroeconomic stability. While recent studies have mainly focused on how monetary policy can address climate-related risks, much less attention has been devoted to the potential influence of environmental indicators on inflation. This paper examines the relationship between carbon emissions and inflation dynamics across 20 Eurozone countries over the period 2010–2023. Using annual panel data, we estimate a dynamic model based on the System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) to account for inflation persistence and potential endogeneity. The empirical framework incorporates carbon emissions per capita together with final energy consumption, the EUR/USD exchange rate, and the trade balance as key macroeconomic control variables. The baseline specification does not reveal a statistically significant relationship between carbon emissions and inflation. However, robustness analysis based on a first-differenced System GMM specification identifies a significant negative association, suggesting that environmental factors may influence inflation dynamics under alternative model specifications. Energy consumption and exchange rate movements also emerge as important determinants of inflation. These findings contribute to the growing literature linking climate-related variables and monetary policy by highlighting the relevance of incorporating environmental indicators into inflation analysis while emphasizing the need for cautious interpretation and further empirical investigation. |
| Keywords: | Carbon emissions, Climate macroeconomics, Eurozone, System GMM, Environmental indicators, Inflation |
| Date: | 2026–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05734117 |
| By: | Guy Richard (DEPE - Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Michel Salles (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Michel Colombier (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris) |
| Abstract: | Les actions mises en place pour faire face au changement climatique et à l'effondrement de la biodiversité sont aujourd'hui insuffisantes.Il est facile de pointer le manque de volonté politique pour l'expliquer, mais ce n'est pas suffisant.La nature des transformations à conduire et les conditions dans lesquelles les démocraties contemporaines doivent les organiser sont aussi à prendre en compte. Comprendre ces contraintes permet de saisir la raison pour laquelle la transition écologique appelle de nouvelles façons de gouverner.Les alertes environnementales sont aujourd'hui largement relayées par les institutions scientifiques internationales. Mais reconnaître un problème ne suffit pas à le résoudre.Au cours des trois dernières décennies, de nombreux pays ont adopté des politiques destinées à lutter contre le changement climatique ou l'érosion de la biodiversité. Les évaluations conduites aussi bien au niveau internationalnotamment dans le cadre du premier Global Stocktake (bilan mondial quinquennal) de l'accord de Paris (art. 14) -qu'au niveau national par des institutions indépendantes, comme le Haut Conseil pour le climat en France ou le Climate Change Committee au Royaume-Uni, dressent un constat convergent : malgré des progrès réels, les politiques mises en oeuvre demeurent insuffisantes pour atteindre les objectifs affichés.Ce décalage est souvent attribué à un manque de volonté voire de courage politique. Séduisante ; l'explication n'en reste pas moins incomplète. |
| Date: | 2026–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05738319 |
| By: | Ferguson, Joel |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404465 |
| By: | Massoni, Hubert |
| Abstract: | Transportation infrastructure is vulnerable to extreme weather events. Vulnerability is prominent at maritime ports, where tropical cyclones frequently halt operations and force firms to adapt to transportation disruptions. I quantify these responses by linking high-frequency maritime shipment data to tropical cyclone tracks. Exposure to tropical cyclones temporarily disrupts port activities (1–2 weeks), prompting firms to reroute shipments to alternative ports (1–4 months), but this adaptation mechanism is insufficient to prevent persistent declines in firm-to-firm trade. To evaluate the general-equilibrium implications of these weather disruptions, I develop a quantitative model of spatial production networks with endogenous routing. Port-level transportation costs increase with traffic (congestion) and cyclone risk, and decrease with port capacity (scale). Investigating future climate hazards to the transportation network, I find that welfare effects are primarily distributional; congestion forces at ports account for most of the general-equilibrium absorption of the climate shock, while firm-level rerouting has limited effectiveness. To translate evidence into policy, I derive analytical sufficient statistics for evaluating and targeting future port investments in light of climate change. Allocation rules that ignore weather risk and firms' adaptive responses redistribute investment across ports, with distributional consequences. |
| Keywords: | International trade; transportation; extreme weather; climate change; port infrastructure; production networks |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:docweb:2602 |
| By: | Mohamed Amine Youb (Faculty of Economics and Management of settat, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco); Hicham El Bayed (Faculty of Economics and Management of settat, Hassan First University of Settat, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | Water stress is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional sustainability challenge affecting water security, livelihoods, food systems, social vulnerability and territorial resilience. Previous reviews have generally examined water governance, integrated water resources management or resilience as separate research streams. This article addresses this fragmentation by systematically reviewing how recent literature links water stress, integrated water governance and socio-economic resilience within a single analytical framework. Its originality lies in conceptualizing water stress as a multidimensional pressure, integrating water governance as a mediating mechanism, and conceptualizing socio-economic resilience as a differentiated outcome across territories, sectors, and vulnerable groups. In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this review examines peer-reviewed articles and reviews found in Scopus and Web of Science from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2026. The approach utilized three main themes: water stress and scarcity; water governance and integrated water resources management (IWRM); and socio-economic resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity. From an initial collection of 486 records, the final selection included 162 studies after eliminating duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, plus assessing eligibility. The analysis incorporates systematic screening, descriptive bibliographic reviews, keyword analysis, geographical mapping, and thematic interpretation. Results indicate a significant increase in publications in journals focused on water resources, sustainability, and environmental management post-2024. Scientific output reveals a regional imbalance largely centered in Asia, followed by Europe and the Americas. The review highlights five key thematic areas: factors driving water stress; governance frameworks and institutional responses; pathways to socio-economic vulnerability; strategies for resilience and adaptive capacity; and holistic approaches that integrate water stress governance with resilience efforts. Ultimately, these findings indicate that water stress is not merely a matter of physical shortages but also involves issues of governance and resilience influenced by factors such as institutional capabilities, policy coordination processes, stakeholder involvement prioritization, infrastructure readiness, social protection mechanisms, community knowledge harnessing, and adaptability skills. |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation, Water scarcity, Socio-economic resilience, Integrated water governance, Water stress |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05685272 |
| By: | Arpita Mukherjee (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ria Babbar |
| Abstract: | Drawing on trade data, RASFF notifications, institutional analysis and firm-level case studies, this paper examines India’s rice export value chain and compliance ecosystem against these evolving requirements. It identifies six environmental risks, including pesticide residues, greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater depletion, and four labour risks, including migrant worker vulnerabilities and child labour, that require urgent policy attention.Compliance with environmental and labour standards is no longer market-specific but a universal condition for accessing premium global markets. The study identified institutional, traceability and regulatory gaps that India must address, along with implementing farm-level traceability and utilising the India-EU FTA to secure mutual recognition of its audit and certification systems, reducing compliance costs and strengthening long-term export competitiveness. |
| Keywords: | Rice, EU sustainability regulations, India-EU FTA, Food safety compliance, labour standards, Trade compliance, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:wpaper:436 |
| By: | Markus Janser; Stephen Jarvis; Kathrine von Graevenitz; Ulrich J. Wagner |
| Abstract: | There are longstanding concerns that the costs of environmental regulations can reduce industry competitiveness, especially in the presence of incomplete regulation. Using detailed administrative data on manufacturing establishments in Germany, we empirically analyze how two prominent climate policies, as well as measures to mitigate their effective compliance costs, affect competitiveness outcomes. We estimate small or no direct effects of compliance costs on wages and employment in regulated establishments. However, we do find evidence of a reduction in the propensity to exit among establishments that were shielded from compliance costs. Our findings highlight that even when operating firms appear largely unaffected, meaningful impacts can still arise when accounting for firms opting to shut down. |
| Keywords: | Manufacturing, Employment, Wages, Exit, Competitiveness, Environ mental Regulation, Climate Policy |
| JEL: | D22 H23 L23 L60 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_775 |
| By: | Mittelberg, Tara |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404460 |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mounir Dahmani (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, University of Gafsa); Davide La Torre (SKEMA Business School – Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how green finance strategies influence energy transition performance in 31 OECD countries. It combines a structured, literature-based indicator framework with WSM, TOPSIS, SMAA robustness analysis, and interpretable machine learning via Random Forest, XGBoost, and SHAP, and double machine learning for orthogonalized effect estimation. The results reveal significant differences among countries, with Denmark ranking as the top performer and several others constrained by fossil fuel dependence and structural barriers. The XGBoost model predicts the SMAA-based country ranking with an R² value of 0.447. SHAP analysis identifies real GDP per capita, renewable energy public RD&D, and green patents as the three strongest predictors of transition performance rankings, followed by environmentally related tax revenues and energy productivity. Double machine learning shows that environmental tax revenues carry a robust orthogonalized effect on the transition rank, stable across nuisance learners and control sets. The 31 OECD countries fall into three strategic profiles: 8 renewable-dominant, 8 intermediate-transition, and 15 fossil-dominant. These findings demonstrate that effective green finance strategies require coherence among fiscal instruments, innovation support, energy productivity, and country-specific structural conditions. The study provides a comparative framework for designing differentiated policy strategies aligned with national transition capacities. |
| Keywords: | SHAP, double machine learning, OECD countries, SMAA, TOPSIS, energy transition, green finance, green finance, energy transition, TOPSIS, SMAA, SHAP, double machine learning, OECD countries |
| Date: | 2026–09–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05726508 |
| By: | Nowzohour, Laura; Noailly, Joëlle |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether environmental policy uncertainty undermines clean-technology investment in the United States by weakening policy-induced investment incentives. Using quarterly project-level data on U.S. greenfield investments from 2007Q1 to 2019Q1, combined with novel news-based indices that separately measure environmental policy salience and environmental policy uncertainty, we find that policy uncertainty substantially offsets the positive investment effects of environmental policy. At the aggregate level, a one-standard-deviation increase in environmental policy uncertainty eliminates roughly 75% of the policy-induced increase in the number of cleantech projects and around 50% of the increase in capital expenditure. The deterrence effect is substantially stronger for foreign than for domestic investors, consistent with greater informational frictions facing cross-border capital. These effects persist for at least two years following an uncertainty shock and are corroborated by country- and firm-level analyses, though results for capital expenditure are less robust at disaggregated levels. The findings imply that policy credibility is a first-order determinant of clean investment: an environmental policy framework that is ambitious but perceived as unstable may fail to mobilize the capital it is designed to attract. JEL Classification: Q58, F21, F23, E22 |
| Keywords: | environmental policy, foreign direct investment, green investment, policy uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263278 |
| By: | Bhattacharya, Leena; Kulshreshtha, Shobhit; van Soest, Arthur |
| Abstract: | Climate change pose significant risks to workers. Although workers in the formal sector can often mitigate heat exposure through climate-controlled workplaces, the same is not true for workers employed in informal and heat-exposed occupations. As a result, the economic costs of rising temperatures are likely to affect these workers disproportionately. This concern is particularly relevant in low- and middle-income countries such as India, where nearly three-quarters of workers are employed in informal jobs. This study examines the impact of high temperature on the labor supply and productivity of daily-wage workers using the 2023-24 Periodic Labor Force Survey (PLFS) of India, which provides a seven-day panel of worker's labor outcomes. We find that when weekly maximum temperatures exceed 35.C relative to 20-25.C, weekly earnings decline by approximately 5%, despite no significant reduction in total hours worked. Furthermore, exploiting the panel structure of data, we find that hours worked decline by approximately 13 minutes per day under extreme heat. In addition, daily earnings fall by 4%, and the probability of working declines by 0.3 percentage points. We do not observe similar effects among salaried or self-employed workers. Our findings highlight the unequal burden of climate change on workers in informal sector and highlight the need for targeted heat adaptation policies to safeguard incomes and worker productivity in a warming climate. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, labor productivity, daily earnings, hours worked, India |
| JEL: | J21 J24 J31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1807 |
| By: | Davide Domenico Pace (LMU Munich, CesIfo); Johanna Kober (LMU Munich) |
| Abstract: | International climate negotiations focus on three distinct climate change costs: mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage. This paper measures voters' fairness views about how these costs should be allocated between nations, and investigates whether fairness views and beliefs about a country's responsibility matter for policy support. In an online survey experiment, the paper finds that fairness views vary with the type of cost, that voters underestimate their country responsibility, and that fairness views and beliefs jointly predict voters' climate policy preferences. The paper also implements tailored treatments to test whether fairness views and beliefs causally affect policy support, but it finds no evidence of a causal link. The results highlight that, to be consistent with citizens' fairness ideals, the international distribution of mitigation costs should differ from the one of adaptation and loss and damage. |
| Keywords: | climate change; international negotiations; policy support; fairness; misperceptions; |
| JEL: | D63 D91 F53 H41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rco:dpaper:584 |
| By: | Anita Baudysova (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University); Dominik Telupil (PAQ Research); Kristina Zindulkova (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University) |
| Abstract: | The extension of the EU Emissions Trading System to buildings, road transport, and small industry (EU ETS 2) introduces carbon pricing in sectors previously exempt from EU-wide emissions pricing while generating revenues for climate and social policies. However, higher energy prices are expected to disproportionately affect vulnerable households, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper examines the distributional impacts of ETS2 on households in Czechia, considering differences by income, heating source, and municipality size, and evaluates the potential of existing tax and welfare instruments to mitigate these impacts. Using Household Budget Survey and EU-SILC data, household-level expenditure increases under an allowance price of €55/tCO2 (2025 prices) are modeled, assuming direct effects only, full price pass-through and no behavioural responses. We confirm the regressive burden of ETS2, ranging from 1.58% of disposable income for the lowest income decile to 0.50% for the highest, even though higher-income households face the largest absolute cost increases. The heating source emerges as a major, yet often overlooked, determinant of household vulnerability, with substantially higher costs for households relying on coal and natural gas. The main contribution consists in the model of direct compensation linked to existing policy instruments, namely an increased taxpayer credit, a higher energy allowance, and automatic pension indexation. All measures have progressive distributional effects, with the combined package compensating 4.6 million households at an estimated annual fiscal cost of 13 billion CZK, approximately half of Czechia´s projected annual ETS2 revenues. The findings demonstrate the importance of accounting for heating technologies and spatial differences in assessing ETS2 impacts and show that realistic compensation mechanisms can substantially reduce adverse distributional effects while remaining fiscally feasible. |
| Keywords: | EU ETS 2, carbon pricing, transport, heating, impact on households, direct compensation, HBS |
| JEL: | Q58 H23 D12 I38 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2026_26 |
| By: | Behrer, A. Patrick (World Bank); Goodman, Joshua (Boston University); Goyer, J. Parker (College Board); Park, R. Jisung (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | Nearly the entire world's population breathes air exceeding WHO pollution guidelines, but the extent to which that exposure impairs the accumulation of human capital is not well understood. We study this using longitudinal PSAT data on nearly 10 million U.S. high school students, comparing the same student's scores across attempts preceded by differing air quality and instrumenting for local PM2.5 with smoke from distant wildfires. A year of observed pollution exposure reduces learning by 0.04-0.06 standard deviations, or 14-19% of typical annual score growth. The damage comes almost entirely from moderate pollution days (8–12 μg/m3), below the EPA's historical standard, and from exposure during the school year rather than summer, pointing to instructional disruption as a mechanism. Effects are three times larger in disadvantaged schools and among Black and Hispanic students, who are harmed more by the same exposure. Exposure to air pollution widens achievement gaps. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, PM2.5, learning, student achievement, wildfire smoke |
| JEL: | I2 I24 Q5 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18904 |
| By: | Minhao Chen; Lin William Cong; Haoyu Gao; Andrew Karolyi; Hui Wang |
| Abstract: | We document arguably unintended returns of biodiversity conservation to science discovery, exploiting the 2002 fishing ban in China—an ecosystem restoration policy without explicit science-related objectives, which allows us to implement a difference-in-differences design across fish species. We find that the ban substantially increased research on affected species: funded programs rose by 21.5%, total funding by 22.8%, publications per program by 97.0%, and citations per paper by 106.7%. The effect is concentrated among researchers with geographic access to the river, and is stronger for non-extinct species and non-farmed fish species, suggesting that conservation expanded the supply of biological materials available for research. The ban also increased related public influence and patents. These results reveal that biodiversity conservation generates a significant scientific dividend through the restoration of natural research inputs, with implications for evaluating the broader benefits of ecosystem protections in an underdiscussed dimension for the science of science. |
| JEL: | O31 O38 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35535 |
| By: | Catia Grisa (IPC); Mireya Valencia Perafan (IPC); Mário Ávila (IPC); Giuliana Cadorin (IPC); Beatriz Ribeiro Rocha (IPC); Ludgero Cardoso (IPC); Mauro Del Grossi (IPC); Ana Paula Santos (IPC); Vanessa Neves (IPC); Robson Santos da Silva (IPC) |
| Keywords: | rural productive inclusion; climate resilience; family farming; social protection; Brazil; Fomento Rural |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:016 |
| By: | Caiafa, Clara R. |
| Abstract: | While a growing body of literature has argued that the rise of a global green hydrogen economy can reshape global value chains and trade patterns, significant uncertainty remains about how transformative such reorganization would be. The economic geography literature has examined drivers of industry location and the potential benefits of different spatial organizations of industries, but a comprehensive application of these findings to a green hydrogen economy has so far been missing. This paper bridges the economic geography literature with research on green hydrogen value chains to identify how different drivers can influence the location of activities across the green hydrogen value chain, and the implications thereof for development opportunities across regions. The analysis concludes that most findings about the renewables‑pull effect draw on cost‑optimization perspectives rooted in classical and neoclassical location theory, overlooking many insights from post‑1990s economic geography. Incorporating this broader perspective suggests that the transformational potential of green hydrogen is more limited than often assumed. Places with only factor input and transport cost advantages may attract simple, mature, activities, in industries where process innovation is incremental and led by large incumbents with the ability to exclude rivals, resulting in limited potential for knowledge-spillovers and self-sustained competitiveness. Meanwhile, regions with complex capabilities but limited renewable energy resources may retain high value added activities related to equipment manufacturing and knowledge development. This would mean that even if industry relocation leads to a reorganization of value chains, it would unlikely fundamentally transform prevailing uneven patterns of specialization and diversification. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Decarbonisation, Industry Location, Global Value Chains, Economic Developement, Green Hydrogen |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:343028 |
| By: | Catia Grisa (IPC); Mireya Valencia Perafan (IPC); Mário Ávila (IPC); Giuliana Cadorin (IPC); Beatriz Ribeiro Rocha (IPC); Ludgero Cardoso (IPC); Mauro Del Grossi (IPC); Ana Paula Santos (IPC); Vanessa Neves (IPC); Robson Santos da Silva (IPC) |
| Keywords: | rural productive inclusion; climate resilience; social protection; family farming; Brazil; poverty reduction |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idpben:009 |
| By: | Jaramillo Abad Gleymang Yubert (Osaka School of International Public Policy, the University of Osaka); Uwasu Michinori (Graduate School of Economics, The University of Osaka) |
| Abstract: | Socio-environmental issues are often studied by focusing on enforcement or compliance in isolation, with emphasis on sanction design. This study proposes a joint compliance–enforcement framework, in which sustainable governance emerges from the balanced, cyclical interaction between firms’ compliance decisions and authorities’ institutional capacities. The holder’s compliance decision is modeled as an expected-utility maximization problem. We formally derive that the post-detection probability—as a measure of institutional credibility—exerts a stronger marginal influence on holders’ compliance than the raw detection probability. This result holds through two independent channels: Arrow–Pratt global risk-aversion and information-theoretic foundations. Sustainable incentives are modeled as a positive integral payoff, distinct from the illicit-benefit deterrence. The governance multiplier result shows that improving post-detection probability simultaneously amplifies both deterrence and incentive channels. The framework is illustrated using stylized facts from large-scale fisheries in Peru and yields three testable implications with falsification conditions on compliance effort and repercussions. |
| Keywords: | Compliance, Environmental governance, Institutional credibility, Regulatory enforcement, Sustainability |
| JEL: | Q58 K42 D81 D82 L51 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osp:wpaper:26e010 |
| By: | Hepburn, Jess; Caryl, Fiona; Mitchell, Rich; Patterson, Richard; Macdonald, Laura; Sfyridis, Alexandros; Fecht, Daniela; Panter, Jenna |
| Abstract: | Public health policy increasingly recognises the influence of built environments on health outcomes. However, most spatial datasets cannot track context-dependent environmental changes over time, a critical limitation when assessing the health impacts of urban development. This study develops the Built Environment Context and Change Atlas (BECCA), a novel methodology quantifying context-dependent built environment changes across Great Britain (2015-2020). Using the best available national spatial data, we integrated information on buildings, roads, and land cover, applying multivariate clustering to classify both environmental context and changes at 500m resolution. Stakeholders guided the definition of meaningful change categories. BECCA identified that 11% of GB cells underwent change, with substantial variation in development patterns across Functional Urban Areas, ranging from peripheral expansion to infill growth. While developed for Great Britain, this methodological framework is adaptable to other national contexts with similar spatial data availability, offering a template for international environmental change monitoring. By addressing critical gaps in existing environmental change data, BECCA provides a robust foundation for future research linking built environment dynamics to health outcomes, supporting evidence-based urban planning decisions. |
| Date: | 2026–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:x8e2b_v2 |
| By: | Louise Camus (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Nicolas O. Rode (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Svitlana Serga (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, KhNU - V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University); Anne Loiseau (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Xiao Chen (Yunnan Agricultural University); Carole Iampietro (GeT-PlaGe - Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - GET - Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome - GENOTOUL - Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] - ENVT - École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - EPE UT - Université de Toulouse - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse); Marc Kenis (CABI Europe - Switzerland - Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International Europe - Switzerland); William Marande (CNRGV - Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julián Mensch (EGE - Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución [Buenos Aires] - FCEyN - Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] - UBA - Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires]); Hugues Parinello (MGX - Montpellier GenomiX - BCM - BioCampus - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marija Savić Veselinović (University of Belgrade [Belgrade]); Sophie Valière (GeT-PlaGe - Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - GET - Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome - GENOTOUL - Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] - ENVT - École nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - EPE UT - Université de Toulouse - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse); Jinping Zhang (CAAS - Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, MoA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Biosafety, Institute of Plant Protection - CAAS - Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences); Arnaud Estoup (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Simon Boitard (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Mathieu Gautier (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Global change is accelerating biological invasions, making it crucial to understand how species adapt in new environments to improve management strategies. Genomic data provide valuable insights into adaptation through genotype‐environment association (GEA) studies, which identify genes and biological processes tied to invasion success, and through geometric genomic offset (gGO) statistics, which estimate genetic (mal)adaptation to new environments. Here, we investigate genetic adaptation in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii using novel genomic resources and statistical methods. We use a new chromosome‐level genome assembly and data from 37 populations, combining publicly available and newly generated pooled and individual sequencing data, analysed with an enhanced version of BayPass software, tailored for such hybrid datasets. First, we identify genomic regions showing genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations. Then, using a GEA with 29 environmental covariates, we estimate the gGO between the source environments and the invaded areas, shedding light on the potential adaptive challenges D. suzukii faced during previous invasions. In addition, we estimate gGO for geographical areas not yet invaded to predict future invasion risks, and identify regions from which preadapted populations may originate. Our results reveal numerous genomic regions associated with the invasive status from genome scans. However, when considering broader patterns of adaptation to specific environmental variables through gGO analyses, we find that D. suzukii populations likely faced only limited adaptive challenges across their major invasion range, while certain uninvaded regions still remain at high risk of future invasion. Our study offers significant insights into D. suzukii adaptation and provides a practical population genomics framework to predict biological invasions, applicable to various species. |
| Keywords: | Drosophila suzukii, BayPass, biological invasions, GEA, genomic offset, local adaptation |
| Date: | 2025–12–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05534477 |
| By: | Harrington, Rosamund; Lindquist, Marissa; Darzins, Susan; Trotter, Mark; Drogemuller, Robin; Olsen, Heidi; Pepping, Gert-Jan (Australian Catholic University); Kuys, Suzanne |
| Abstract: | Abstract Background and Objectives: Intergenerational farming activities, including care of plants, animals, and surrounding environments, enable connection with nature and participating generations. This systematic review aimed to determine health and wellbeing impacts of intergenerational farming activities for older adults, children/youth and community; key factors contributing to establishment, engagement in, and sustainability of intergenerational farming programs: and whether they support ‘ageing-in-place'. Research Design and Methods: A systematic search was undertaken of five databases. Studies could be qualitative and/or quantitative, involve an intergenerational activity/program inclusive of older adults and children/youth, report health and wellbeing outcomes and be written in English. Adopting a social ecological lens, qualitative data were synthesised and reported thematically. Quantitative data were descriptively presented. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Seven themes relating to health and wellbeing impacts were identified: physical health benefits, psychological benefits, positive relationships and interpersonal skills, community and belonging, purposeful work or learning, environmental engagement, and connection to culture. Factors impacting establishment, engagement in, and sustainability of activities included planning and implementation considerations, partnerships, agency and anticipated future opportunities/benefits. No studies reported if, or how, intergenerational farming activities support ‘ageing-in-place’. Discussion and Implications: Intergenerational farming activities appear to offer holistic health and wellbeing benefits, reflecting Indigenous approaches to healing through connections to land, culture, and community. Establishing sustainable programs requires planning, training and partnerships. More robust research utilising objective measures is required to support findings. Further investigation is needed. Furthermore, studies investigating how intergenerational farming supports ‘ageing-in-place’ is recommended. |
| Date: | 2026–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2ubky_v1 |
| By: | Guy, Johnathan (Columbia University) |
| Abstract: | How do financial constraints shape the energy transition in developing countries? I study this question in India, where electricity procurement is governed at the subnational level. Electoral politics motivates state governments to subsidize electricity consumption, resulting in financial stress for electricity distribution utilities (DISCOMs). Using multiple sources of original data on utility and plant operations, I investigate the relationship between financial distress and decarbonization. I theorize that the effect of utility insolvency depends on the margin considered—dispatch vs. capacity investment—and on institutions. Counterintuitively, but consistent with my theory, I find that financial stress is associated in the short run with greater relative procurement of renewable energy and less procurement of fossil fuels. Mechanism tests suggest that coal dispatch is more sensitive to liquidity constraints, as distressed DISCOMs cut back on coal deliveries while renewable energy remains protected by “must-run” dispatch regulations. In contrast, I find at most weak evidence that insolvency raises challenges for decarbonizing electricity in the long run: insolvency shows no relationship with renewable-energy tendering, only suggestive evidence that it slows renewable capacity investment, and similarly weak evidence that it curtails expansion of transmission lines that renewables need to scale. The results qualify the conventional wisdom that electricity utility insolvency is a binding constraint on the energy transition. |
| Date: | 2026–08–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:8m47e_v1 |
| By: | Rene Schwaiger; Julian Benda; Esther Blanco; Armando Holzknecht; Jürgen Huber; Michael Kirchler |
| Abstract: | Carbon dividends have been proposed as a mechanism to build public support for carbon pricing, yet evidence from real-world policy settings with highly visible dividend designs remains absent. We study the Austrian Klimabonus, a carbon dividend with highly visible features paying every adult resident an annual lump-sum transfer of €145 – €290. This manuscript presents results from two large and preregistered studies ($N$= 2, 628) with representative samples of the Austrian population, investigating support for carbon pricing before and after the Klimabonus’ abolition in 2025, including two real-life measures of support. Despite three years of branded, direct payments, Study 1 showed that the baseline awareness of carbon tax revenues being returned to citizens remained very low (14\%), and only 20–30\% of residents supported the carbon price while dividends were in place. Two information treatments explaining the tax and its efficiency or additionally linking the carbon tax to the dividend had limited effects on support. Study 2 revealed that one year after the abolition of the Klimabonus, general support remained mostly stable compared to support when the dividend was in place. Concurrently, only 33.6\% of residents knew that the tax revenue was now used for the general budget, and up to 25\% incorrectly believed they had received the Klimabonus in 2025. These findings suggest that the low support for carbon pricing with dividends previously reported in the literature might not have been an artifact of low dividend salience. Additional analyses point to the relevance of willingness to drive less and political views as determinants of support for carbon pricing. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing; carbon dividend; climate policy support; information provision; policy knowledge |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inn:wpaper:2026-08 |
| By: | Jazila El Jamaai (UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Ahmed Taheri (UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia (DGD.REVE - Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle); Danish A. Ahmed (GUST - Gulf University for Science and Technology); Alok Bang (Azim Premji University); Christophe Diagne (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - délégation Occitanie - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Franck Courchamp (ESE - Ecologie, Société et Evolution (ex-Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Elena Angulo (EBD - Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]) |
| Abstract: | Biological invasions pose substantial economic threats globally, yet detailed cost assessments for many Global South nations, especially in Africa, remain scarce. This study presents the first comprehensive breakdown of the potential economic costs of biological invasions in Morocco. We identified 343 invasive alien species, comprising approximately 1.11% of the country's biodiversity. Using the InvaCost database, we retrieved cost estimates for 137 species with available records. We calculated the mean annual cost per species, adjusted these values both socio-economically (using World Bank Purchasing Power Parity) and climatically (via Köppen climatic regions), and extrapolated them based on species prevalence in Morocco. This yielded an estimated annual economic impact ranging from US$1.14 billion (conservative adjusted value) to US$5.13 billion (maximum scenario). Across all estimations, damage costs consistently exceeded management costs by one or two orders of magnitude. Plant feeding insects such as Phenacoccus madeirensi, Bemisia tabacci, and Cydia pomonella emerged among the costliest species, threatening agriculture and food security. High-impact animals included the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), both affecting public health and social welfare. In freshwater systems the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) imposed substantial fisheries losses. Invasive plants, particularly Euphorbia and Cenchrus species, were also widespread and contributed heavily to projected costs. Despite challenges in extrapolating cost data from other regions, this study underscores the urgent need for more research and for targeted management and policy interventions to minimize the spread of invasive species and reduce their economic toll. Proactive measures in Morocco, coupled with international collaboration, will be critical to mitigating this socio-ecological crisis and ensuring long-term sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Biological invasions, Economic impacts, InvaCost, Invasive species, Management strategies, Morocco |
| Date: | 2026–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05675144 |
| By: | Miyazawa, Takashi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines a critical vulnerability in the methodology of sub-sovereign ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) ratings, utilizing Chiba Prefecture, Japan, as a primary case study. While global ESG frameworks increasingly evaluate local government bonds, rating agencies predominantly rely on macro-level socioeconomic indicators and overarching policy frameworks, creating a significant "measurement gap." We demonstrate how this macro-dependence obscures micro-level governance failures—specifically, the indefinite suspension of complaint processing and the systemic non-creation of official records within police administration. By applying an axiomatic approach grounded in administrative law and corporate governance principles, this study empirically documents the existence of a structural "Accountability Gap" at the operational entry point. The findings highlight the critical need for institutional investors and ESG rating agencies to discount the reliability of sub-sovereign sustainability representations when auditable management evidence is structurally absent. |
| Date: | 2026–09–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uj9x6_v1 |
| By: | Patrick Baylis; Judson Boomhower; Jonathan M. Colmer; John L. Voorheis |
| Abstract: | The economic burden of natural disasters is shaped by who is exposed, who experiences losses, how those losses alter individual economic trajectories, and how affected communities evolve in the aftermath. We link property-level damage data from over 100 U.S. wildfires to administrative tax and Census data to understand individual-level relationships between disaster damage and economic outcomes. Residents of burned areas are wealthier than the U.S. population on average, but within these wildfire perimeters the likelihood that a home burns is negatively correlated with pre-fire income. Home destruction imposes costs beyond rebuilding the property: occupants of destroyed homes experience lower income for three years post-fire, producing cumulative income losses equal to 26 percent of pre-fire annual income. We do not detect income or employment effects for residents without direct property damage. Community recovery is slow and accompanied by changes in composition. Four years after a fire, half of destroyed addresses remain unoccupied and reoccupied addresses house residents with substantially higher incomes than before. |
| JEL: | D31 Q54 R23 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35675 |
| By: | Hanna Huitu (LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland); Tor-Einar Skog (NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research); Christophe Pradal (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, LIRMM - Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Antonio Calatayud (ADAS - Agricultural Development and Advisory Service); Tor Skaslien (MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]); Brita Linnestad (NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research); Ari Ronkainen (LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland); Christian Fournier (LEPSE - Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Marc Labadie (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Dave Skirvin (ADAS - Agricultural Development and Advisory Service); Matti Pastell (LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland); David Melchior (MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]); Johannes Tobiassen Langvatn (LEPSE - Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Berit Nordskog (NIBIO - Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research) |
| Abstract: | Decision support systems (DSS) in crop protection provide valuable support for pest risk prognosis and recommendations for pest control, enabling farmers to make better-informed decisions. As a part of the European Union's strategy for the sustainable use of plant protection products, the "IPM Decisions" project developed an online platform that gives farmers and advisors access to a wide range of DSS for major pests, weeds, and diseases in a variety of crops across Europe. Multiple DSS models relevant for different crops and geographical regions of Europe were selected for integration in the platform. Information on the models is compiled into a model catalogue, which serves as a core component of the IPM Decisions platform. To facilitate the use of these models, two application programming interfaces (APIs) were developed. In line with the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles, the DSS API provides access to models and their metadata, including descriptions of input and output parameters. The weather API enables access to European online weather data sources and adapts this data to meet the requirements of DSS models. While these APIs are integrated into the IPM decisions platform, they are also open source, allowing other crop protection and farm management software to inspect, download, modify, install, run, and use them. In this article, we describe the development of the DSS and weather APIs, outline their structure and definitions, and present the services that DSS API and weather API provide. Finally, we demonstrate their application through three practical use cases. |
| Keywords: | open-source digital platforms, FAIR principles, model interoperability, application programming interfaces, crop protection modeling, integrated pest management, decision support systems |
| Date: | 2026–04–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05627216 |
| By: | El Hassan Ajandouz (ISM2 - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marc Maresca (ISM2 - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BiosCiences - ISM2 - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Dimitris Sarris (UoA - University of the Aegean); Henri Nouws (Instituto Politécnico do Porto = Polytechnic Institute of Porto); Viviane Robert (ISM2 - Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In the current context of accelerating global warming, it is urgent to speed up actions to adapt to this problem. About one third of agri-food products are lost or underused, thus contributing further and unnecessarily to greenhouse gas emissions. This is a narrative review, based on exhaustive analysis of the literature dealing with the mechanisms, incidence, and historical aspects of hidden hunger, as well as technical and operational tools to fight it. The review gives an overview of the current situation regarding micronutrient deficiencies, called hidden hunger, in five minerals (iron, calcium, zinc, iodine, and selenium), and two vitamins (A and D), as well as a picture of overall mitigation actions and outcomes. Then, it gives a picture of available solutions regarding the raw material and the tools and methodologies currently used for agri-food waste valorization, with a focus on aquatic foodstuffs. Finally, a proposal for the use of agri-food waste to fight hidden hunger, food insecurity, and beyond, is advanced. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05723601 |
| By: | Pierre Aumond (UMRAE - Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale - Université de Lyon - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Université Gustave Eiffel); Aman Arora (UMRAE - Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale - Université de Lyon - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Université Gustave Eiffel); Paul Chapron (LASTIG - Laboratoire en Sciences et Technologies de l'Information Géographique - EIVP - Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris - Université Gustave Eiffel - Géodata Paris - Géodata Paris - IGN - Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] - Université Gustave Eiffel); Matthieu Péroche (LAGAM - Laboratoire de Géographie et d'Aménagement de Montpellier - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry) |
| Abstract: | In contexts ranging from natural disasters to technological accidents and security threats, sirens play a crucial role in alerting the population by providing a rapid and widespread warning capability. Optimizing the spatial deployment of sirens to maximize audibility for the target population remains a critical and underexplored issue. In this study, we employ open-source tools for environmental noise modelling and multiobjective optimization: NoiseModelling, based on the CNOSSOS-EU propagation framework, and OpenMole, implementing the NSGA-II evolutionary algorithm. These tools are coupled to explore the solutions space and identify Pareto-optimal configurations according to two objectives: (1) the number of buildings exposed to sound levels above 80 dB, and (2) the total area exposed above this threshold. A case study on Saint Barthelemy Island suggests that, under the modelled conditions, the optimized Pareto front ranging from 7836 to 7858 dwellings and territorial coverage ranging from 15.29 to 15.31 km 2 yields higher predicted coverage than the configuration proposed by domain experts (6658 dwellings, 12.30 km 2 ). The comparison between expert-based and model-based solutions reveals methodological limitations, such as the integration of non-acoustic contextual factors, and the strong potential of this approach as a decision-support framework for the design and evaluation of siren alert networks. |
| Keywords: | location-allocation problem, multi-objective optimization, CNOSSOS-EU, environmental acoustics, Siren |
| Date: | 2026–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05715608 |
| By: | Giovanni Dispoto; Marcello Restelli; Carmine Ventre |
| Abstract: | Modern portfolio management increasingly demands a balance between traditional risk-adjusted returns and strict Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) mandates. Current Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches typically optimize for a single ESG provider, neglecting the significant divergence in rating methodologies across the industry and the unintuitive nature of manually weighting conflicting objectives. This paper addresses these limitations by formulating ESG-aware portfolio optimization as a Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning (MORL) problem that simultaneously incorporates ratings from three distinct ESG agencies. To bridge the gap between high-dimensional algorithmic trade-offs and human decision-making, we integrate a Preference Elicitation framework using Gaussian Processes. This system enables practitioners to infer their latent utility functions through intuitive pairwise comparisons of candidate portfolios based on their Sharpe ratios and aggregate ESG scores. We systematically evaluate our framework by employing Large Language Model (LLM) personas to simulate Portfolio Managers operating under varied regional contexts. Empirical results using historical market data reveal that regional backgrounds fundamentally shift the derived preference weights. For instance, European-based personas tend to prioritize ESG alignment over financial returns, while Texas-based personas favor risk-adjusted performance. This work offers a highly adaptable framework that successfully aligns multi-objective algorithmic trading with diverse, real-world human sustainability preferences. |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2609.02677 |
| By: | Houda Zitan (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]); Khalid Chafik (ENCGT - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger - UAE - Abdelmalek Essaadi University [Tétouan] = Université Abdelmalek Essaadi [Tétouan]) |
| Abstract: | This study provides a bibliometric and conceptual analysis of Green Information Technology (Green IT) management in the agricultural sector. Despite the growing interest in sustainable digital technologies, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a clear management-oriented perspective. Literature is largely dominated by technological approaches, with limited attention to managerial and user-centered dimensions. This research adopts a positivist epistemological stance, consistent with the objective of mapping and structuring a scientific field based on bibliometric data. It aims to identify the main research themes, clarify the terminology used in the field, and highlight key gaps related to the adoption, acceptance, and actual use of Green IT in agriculture. Using a dataset of 5, 984 publications extracted from the Scopus database, a co-word analysis was conducted with VOSviewer to map the intellectual structure of the field. The findings reveal four dominant thematic clusters: precision agriculture, remote sensing, Internet of Things (IoT), and irrigation systems, reflecting a strong technological orientation. The results also show significant conceptual fragmentation, with terms such as smart agriculture, digital agriculture, and climate-smart agriculture being widely used, while "Green IT" itself remains marginal in the literature. This study relies exclusively on secondary data from Scopus and a bibliometric co-word analysis, which limits causal interpretation of the findings and does not capture the qualitative and contextual dimensions of the studied phenomena. Nevertheless, it contributes to clarifying the conceptual landscape of Green IT in agriculture and proposes a research agenda integrating technological, organizational, and sustainability perspectives. |
| Keywords: | Bibliometric analysis Paper type Literature review, Green IT management, adoption, Sustainable agriculture, Information systems |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05683656 |
| By: | Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo (World Bank); Puerta-Cuartas, Alejandro (Banco de España); Rodriguez Castelan, Carlos (World Bank); Velez-Ospina, Carolina (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a nonparametric simulation framework to estimate poverty vulnerability under climate shocks. We formalize vulnerability estimation as an out-of-sample prediction problem and show that flexible, regularized machine learning methods for estimating the conditional mean of welfare offer a powerful alternative to conventional linear models. The framework simulates future welfare distributions using historical realizations of climate shocks and household characteristics, enabling the estimation of vulnerability measures and related functions without imposing restrictive parametric assumptions. To interpret the model and quantify heterogeneous impacts, we employ SHapley Additive exPlanations, which decompose predicted vulnerability into contributions from climate shocks and household characteristics. An application to Ecuador reveals a strong geographic concentration of vulnerability and shows that climate shocks act as localized triggers that push marginal households, particularly low-educated informal rural workers into poverty. |
| Keywords: | Poverty Vulnerability, Climate Shocks, Machine Learning. |
| JEL: | I32 I38 C14 C15 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18893 |
| By: | Karolina Hozova (Institute of Economic Studies, Charles University, Prague); Tomas Havranek (Institute of Economic Studies, Charles University, Prague & Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), London & Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS)); Zuzana Irsova (Institute of Economic Studies, Charles University, Prague & Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS)) |
| Abstract: | Appointing more women to corporate boards is widely expected to also raise firms´ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We provide the first meta-analysis of this relationship, drawing on 533 estimates from 106 studies that measure ESG performance with Bloomberg or LSEG ratings. The average reported effect of a one-percentage-point increase in board gender diversity is about 0.28 ESG points, but much of it does not survive scrutiny. Correcting for publication bias with a battery of linear and non-linear methods lowers the effect to between roughly 0.08 and 0.17 points. A best-practice estimate that also imposes sound study design puts it near 0.12 for most of the world, markedly higher for the Middle East, and near −0.11 for the Southeast Asian markets that dominate the Asian evidence. The differences that remain across studies are systematic, driven mainly by geography and by the choice of estimation method rather than by the ESG-rating provider or the controls a study includes. Board gender diversity may be well worth pursuing on its own merits, but the evidence that it reliably raises ESG scores is weaker than the published record suggests. |
| Keywords: | board gender diversity, ESG ratings, meta-analysis, publication bias, Bayesian model averaging |
| JEL: | G34 M14 J16 C83 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2026_25 |
| By: | Pierre Bodere; Giulia Brancaccio; Karam Kang |
| Abstract: | Local elected officials oversee critical infrastructure, often with limited electoral accountability. This paper studies how this distorts investment across California drinking-water systems. We document that pollution responds to shifts in the political environment, motivating a dynamic model of public investment. We measure welfare returns to investment directly, combining event-study estimates of investment effectiveness and costs with those of residents’ clean-water valuations, recovered from housing choices. Investment choices identify policymakers’ responsiveness to those returns. Weak accountability diverts investment from high-return systems and conventional policies imperfectly offset these distortions: subsidy takeup is misaligned with returns, while uniform mandates induce welfare losses. |
| JEL: | D72 H41 H54 L0 L95 Q53 R31 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35690 |
| By: | Wayne B. Gray; Ronald Shadbegian; Ann Wolverton |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether, by providing better and more timely information, the first mandatory online reporting and auditing program for wastewater discharge releases in the U.S. improved facility compliance and environmental performance, while also allowing state regulators to more effectively monitor and enforce regulations. Examining reporting programs with automated feedback features can also offer insights into the potential for artificial intelligence-based tools to improve compliance and environmental performance. Difference-in-difference results suggest that the program resulted in significant increases in the completeness of reporting and reductions in discharges but also greater reported violations. We find that effects are larger for minor dischargers and publicly owned facilities. We also find evidence consistent with the more efficient targeting of inspections by state authorities towards plants with a history of recent noncompliance, which could be a potential mechanism driving these results. |
| JEL: | Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35525 |
| By: | Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; Gregor Schwerhoff; Sneha D Thube; Sha Yu |
| Abstract: | Solar and wind power account for a growing share of electricity generation in China and now dominate new capacity additions. As the power system transitions toward renewable generation, greater flexibility will be required to maintain system stability. This paper uses a computable general equilibrium model to assess the macroeconomic implications of this transition. Model results indicate a modest increase in electricity prices in the near-term, followed by sustained declines as renewable shares rise, particularly when variability is managed through battery storage rather than coal-fired backup generation. While the transition requires substantial adjustments in electricity supply and investment, it raises GDP in the long run and strengthens energy security. Battery-based flexibility outperforms continued reliance on coal across multiple dimensions, even when accounting for rising electricity demand from emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence. However, this transition pathway also increases the risk of stranded assets in the coal power sector. |
| Keywords: | China; Energy Transition; Renewable Energy; CGE models |
| Date: | 2026–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2026/185 |
| By: | Ruzaini Ahmed; Yohan Jayasinghe; Tharumini Gamage; Ifaz Ikram; Hasini Lawanya; Nirasha Munasinghe; Patalee Narasinghe; Nisansa de Silva; Sandareka Wickramanayake |
| Abstract: | Sri Lanka's fisheries sector is important for jobs and food supply. Between 2019 and 2025, it faced several major problems at the same time, and how these events together affected fish production and prices is still not well understood. This study develops a framework to connect weather changes, major disruption events, fish production, and prices, with the goal of helping policymakers, traders, and supply chain managers make better decisions. Seasonal patterns are studied using STL decomposition. Spearman lag correlation is used to find delayed effects of climate on production. Interrupted Time Series (ITS) regression measures the impact of major events. SARIMAX models predict monthly production and prices. Hotspot detection identifies unusual patterns. The results show that marine and inland fisheries behave differently in terms of seasons and climate effects. Major disruptions caused different levels of impact, and in some cases, one sector helped compensate for another. These findings can support better planning, for example, improving infrastructure in high-risk areas, strengthening cold storage systems, and using early warning alerts for unusual events. Price forecasting tools should be used as decision-support tools, not as direct market signals. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.04023 |
| By: | Mameno, Kota; Sato, Masayuki; Shoji, Yasushi; KUBO, Takahiro (National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)) |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity credit schemes have gained attention as a mechanism for mobilizing private finance for biodiversity conservation. As primary suppliers of biodiversity outcomes in agricultural landscapes, farmers’ willingness to participate is critical to the success of these schemes. However, little is known about farmers' preferences for biodiversity credit designs, particularly regarding metrics used to certify biodiversity outcomes and the spatial scales at which biodiversity credits are implemented. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide empirical evidence on how certification metrics and implementation scales influence farmers' preferences for voluntary biodiversity credit schemes. A discrete choice experiment with a latent class model were applied to examine Japanese farmers' preferences for alternative biodiversity credit schemes. The results showed substantial heterogeneity in farmers' willingness to participate in biodiversity credit schemes, with approximately half of the farmers belonging to a participation-averse group. In both groups, implementation scale was the primary determinant of participation decisions. Farmers preferred individual farmland scale implementation over coordinated participation. Certification metric exerted limited influence on participation decisions, suggesting that ecosystem-based credits can be implemented without substantially reducing farmers' willingness to participate. Additional bonuses increased participation among farmers already willing to participate, but had little effect on initially reluctant farmers . Membership analysis indicated that willingness to participate was positively associated with biodiversity policy awareness, biodiversity-friendly farming practices, pro-biodiversity attitudes, and expectations of branding-related benefits. Expanding voluntary biodiversity credit markets, therefore, requires not only financial compensation but also information provision, demonstration projects, and communication of potential market benefits. |
| Date: | 2026–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:43yg5_v1 |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mounir Dahmani (UGAF - Université de Gafsa - Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mohamed Wael Ben Khaled (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | In the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean (SEMed) region, the transition to low-carbon power must be achieved while ensuring security of supply, affordability and development. Using the Just and Sustainable Energy Transition framework and a neo-institutional lens, we analysed 470 study–country–family observations (2000–2025) across 11 jurisdictions and 7 instrument families to create an institutional mechanism map. Three regularities stand out. Systems performance signals dominate in nine countries, primarily through time-differentiated pricing, settlement discipline and codified connection, queuing and curtailment rules. Financing and integration risks are often addressed together where auctions, revenue-support schemes, published access terms and standardised long-term contracts coexist with system rules. Equity-related signals arise where prosumer compensation and reconciliation rules influence participation and cost sharing at the retail margin. These patterns provide an interpretive basis for sequencing constraint-led reforms in SEMed power systems that target binding risks while respecting fiscal and distributional constraints. |
| Keywords: | auctions, energy transition, governance, SEMed, prosumers, market design |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05726520 |
| By: | Li, Tongtong |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404748 |
| By: | Benjamín Cornejo-Costas |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how cultural diversity of migrant inventors' teams influences a region’s capacity to produce green breakthrough innovations. It posits that highly skilled migrants enhance diversity, driving the recombination of new and impactful green technologies. The research also emphasises the significance of local capabilities in enabling regions to absorb and utilise the diverse knowledge these teams bring. Using patent data and inventor nationalities, the study analyses green breakthrough innovations across 281 NUTS2 regions in Europe over a span of 20 years. The findings reveal that cultural diversity plays a critical role in fostering such innovations. Moreover, this effect is amplified when new technologies are related to existing ones in the region, underscoring the importance of local capabilities. This research contributes to Evolutionary Economic Geography by highlighting how a region’s technological portfolio supports the development of related technologies while emphasising the vital role of diverse knowledge in driving green innovation. |
| Keywords: | cultural diversity, migrant inventors, breakthrough innovations, related capabilities |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O31 O33 Q55 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2621 |
| By: | Florian Huber; Aubrey Poon; Dan Zhu |
| Abstract: | We develop a hierarchical Bayesian panel quantile regression model in which unit-specific coefficient paths are smoothed across quantiles by Gaussian processes, while a common time effect absorbs aggregate shocks. Componentwise-monotone Bernstein polynomials, perturbed by unit-specific deviations, deliver soft noncrossing, and we provide identification conditions together with a bound on the crossing probability. Applying the model to 33 countries over 1979--2023, we find that global temperature shocks generate a systemic, non-diversifiable downside risk to output growth. This risk is concentrated in the lower tail and disproportionately affects emerging markets. Finally, we apply our framework to risk analysis and show that the model reduces out-of-sample tail-risk forecast loss by roughly one-third relative to country-specific quantile regressions. |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.04664 |
| By: | Manal Nachite (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Taoufiq Yahyaoui (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | The rapid evolution of urban areas today poses challenges that go beyond the simple issue of the demographic and spatial growth of cities. In the Moroccan context, the development of metropolitan roles is now accompanied by new requirements in terms of territorial competitiveness, governance, adjustment to vulnerabilities and sustainability. However, studies on these changes are frequently structured around separate theoretical perspectives, which hinders the understanding of the links between urban expansion, metropolitan functioning and territorial resilience. This article aims to fill this gap by developing a conceptual framework for addressing these phenomena in a unified way. The study is based on a narrative and critical analysis of the books, drawing on major works on city economics, agglomeration economies, economic geography, metropolization, territorial governance, and urban resilience. The study stresses the complementarity of various methods while highlighting their limits when they are used in isolation. On the basis of this cross-reading, the authors suggest a conceptual framework articulated around five dimensions: the structuring elements of urban expansion, metropolitan potentialities, and territorial management policy. Urban resilience and the sustainability of territorial development. The relevance of the model is to link these dimensions in order to demonstrate how territories can convert urban growth into a more balanced and flexible evolution process. The suggested approach thus offers a theoretical foundation for the future study of the dynamics of Moroccan metropolises and for their empirical validation. |
| Abstract: | L'évolution accélérée des zones urbaines pose aujourd'hui des défis qui vont au-delà de la simple problématique de la croissance démographique et spatiale des villes. Dans le cadre marocain, le développement des rôles métropolitains s'accompagne désormais de nouvelles exigences en termes de compétitivité territoriale, de gouvernance, d'ajustement aux vulnérabilités et de durabilité. Cependant, les études sur ces changements se structurent fréquemment autour de perspectives théoriques séparées, ce qui entrave la compréhension des liens entre l'expansion urbaine, le fonctionnement à l'échelle métropolitaine et la résilience d'un territoire. Cet article vise à combler ce déficit en élaborant un cadre conceptuel permettant d'aborder ces phénomènes de façon unifiée. L'étude se base sur une analyse narrative et critique des ouvrages, faisant appel aux travaux majeurs sur l'économie des villes, les économies d'agglomération, la géographie économique, le métropolisation, la gouvernance territoriale et la résilience urbaine. L'étude souligne la complémentarité des diverses méthodes tout en mettant en exergue leurs limites quand elles sont utilisées de manière isolée. Sur la base de cette lecture croisée, les auteurs suggèrent un cadre conceptuel articulé autour de cinq dimensions : Les éléments structurants de l'expansion urbaine, les potentialités métropolitaines, la politique de gestion du territoire. La résilience en milieu urbain et la durabilité du développement territorial. La pertinence du modèle est de faire le lien entre ces dimensions afin de démontrer comment les territoires peuvent convertir la croissance urbaine en un processus d'évolution plus équilibré et flexible. L'approche suggérée offre donc un fondement théorique pour l'étude future des dynamiques des métropoles marocaines et pour leur validation empirique. |
| Keywords: | économie urbaine, développement territorial durable JEL Classification : R11, R12, R58, O18, H70, Sustainable territorial development. Classification JEL: R11, R12, R58, O18, H70 croissance urbaine, metropolization urban economy territorial governance urban resilience urban growth Sustainable territorial development. Classification JEL: R11, R12, R58, O18, H70 croissance urbaine métropolisation économie urbaine gouvernance territoriale résilience urbaine développement territorial durable JEL Classification : R11, R12, R58, O18, H70, développement territorial durable JEL Classification : R11, résilience urbaine, metropolization, metropolization urban economy territorial governance urban resilience urban growth Sustainable territorial development. Classification JEL: R11, R12, R58, O18, H70 croissance urbaine métropolisation économie urbaine gouvernance territoriale résilience urbaine développement territorial durable JEL Classification : R11, H70, gouvernance territoriale, urban economy, territorial governance, urban resilience, urban growth, Sustainable territorial development. Classification JEL: R11, H70 croissance urbaine, métropolisation |
| Date: | 2026–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05727055 |
| By: | Kimberly A. Berg; Chadwick C. Curtis; Nelson C. Mark |
| Abstract: | We study how temperature fluctuations affect U.S. state-level economic conditions using high frequency, weekly data from 1987 to 2024. The impulse response to a temperature shock from a panel local projection framework reveals a modest short-run increase in economic conditions followed by a delayed and persistent medium-run decline. Nonlinearities show that the medium-run decline is larger and more persistent at higher base temperatures. A decomposition of the economic conditions index points to the labor market as the primary channel. To interpret these findings, we develop a weekly labor search and matching model featuring a labor disutility channel, a heat damage stock, and a slow-moving adaptation mechanism. |
| JEL: | E23 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35529 |
| By: | Mouez Fodha (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Aude Pommeret (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Francesco Ricci (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the economic rationale for opening new mines to extract critical raw materials (CRMs) in Europe, in search of strategic autonomy. We use a real-option framework to analyse a government's decision on the optimal timing of such an investment, taking into account mineral prices and domestic economic activity. The model incorporates geoeconomic fragmentation risk as a source of uncertainty that materializes as jumps in CRM prices. While uncertainty would be expected to delay the start of mining operations, our results show that a countervailing effect also exists, which increases the expected value of the developed mine. Furthermore, we show that the development of recycling does not clarify whether advancing extraction is ultimately socially desirable, underscoring the ambiguous theoretical implications of an expanding supply of secondary materials. |
| Keywords: | mining industry, critical raw materials, real options, geopolitical risk, geoeconomic fragmentation, recycling |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05717731 |
| By: | Szmurlo, Daniel; Gramig, Benjamin M.; Wallander, Steven; Frankenberger, Jane |
| Abstract: | The amount of U.S. crop acreage drained by subsurface tile systems increased by approximately 18 million acres from 1980 to 2022. Tile drainage can increase crop productivity in fields with poorly drained soils and can be a valuable long-term investment. However, installing tile drainage alters the hydrology of farm fields and can promote the leaching of nitrate-N and dissolved reactive phosphorus to downstream waters. Using the data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Census of Agriculture, Agricultural Resource Management Survey, and administrative records, this report details trends in tile drainage usage, as well as the joint adoption of tile drainage and other management practices. Tile drainage systems can involve a suite of conservation practices that are eligible for financial assistance through USDA programs. Tile drainage remains a prominent practice on corn and soybean acreage and is increasing in use on acreage dedicated to oats or cotton. There are significant differences in nutrient management practices on tiled drained and non-tiled fields. Without controlling for other factors, data for all corn acres reveal a higher rate of nutrient application, greater use of fall application, and higher usage of nitrification inhibitors on tiled-drained acres compared to non-tiled acres. Subsurface control structures, saturated buffers, and other conservation practices that manage subsurface outflows remain uncommon throughout our sample period. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:410288 |
| By: | Fulvi, Chiara; Stiroh, Kevin |
| Abstract: | US-based global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) remain focused on managing climate risks and are developing new ways of identifying and assessing such risks, even as they are publicly scaling back their net zero commitments and the US policy environment moves away from dedicated supervision of climate-related risks. It is vital to understand how banks are managing these risks and how disclosure can provide investors, counterparties and policymakers with decision-useful information. We examined the public disclosures of six large US banks to assess how they incorporate climate-related risk drivers into risk management practices and business strategies: Bank of America, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley and Wells Fargo. All these banks have been designated as systemically important in the US. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:140783 |
| By: | Reza Habibi |
| Abstract: | Systemic risk has essential impact on of a firm. In the current paper, under scenario of systemic crisis, the behavior of credit risk measure is studied and its relation to market and climate betas are proposed. Then, optimum leverage ratio and prudential coefficient are derived. Finally, using the Mote Carlo simulation method, stress tests of risk measure under systemic risk crisis event is studied. It is seen that changes throughout changing capital structure, leverage ratio, systemic risk index, market and climate betas. |
| Keywords: | Climate crisis scenario, Credit risk, Monte Carlo, Stress test, Systemic risk. |
| JEL: | C63 G21 G28 G32 G33 |
| Date: | 2026–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eei:rpaper:eeri_rp_2026_07 |
| By: | Hélène Ehrhart (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - UdA - Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AFD - Agence française de développement); Thibault Vasse (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | Cette étude explore les liens entre la biodiversité, la macroéconomie et le risque souverain avec un accent mis sur les pays émergents et en développement (PED). Dans un premier temps, elle détaille les canaux par lesquels la biodiversité peut impacter la macroéconomie et le risque souverain identifiés par la littérature. Malgré les difficultés inhérentes à l'analyse des risques biodiversité et une science en pleine évolution, la recherche a permis de mettre en exergue les liens profonds et pluriels entre nos activités économiques et la biodiversité. À mesure que les pressions que celles-ci exercent sur notre capital naturel s'accroissent, les services écosystémiques dont elles dépendent s'érodent. Les risques macroéconomiques liés à des pertes de biodiversité (risque physique) et à la mise en place de politiques de conservation (risque de transition) sont donc tangibles. Du point de vue du risque souverain, ces effets peuvent avoir un impact matériel sur les piliers de risque dits « traditionnels » (ex : économie, finances publiques, comptes externes). |
| Keywords: | Risques physiques, Risques de transition, Climat, Services écosystémiques, Biodiversité, Risque souverain, Macroéconomie |
| Date: | 2026–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05712449 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming tourism, creating new opportunities to enhance visitor experiences, improve business performance, and support sustainable development, while also raising policy challenges. This paper explores the opportunities, risks and policy implications of AI adoption in tourism across APEC economies. It identifies six priority areas to support responsible AI adoption, with particular attention to the sector's SME-dominated structure and the specific characteristics of tourism economies in the Asia-Pacific region. Drawing on emerging practices across APEC economies, it highlights policy approaches to harness the benefits of AI while fostering a more innovative, resilient, and sustainable tourism economy. |
| Keywords: | apec economies, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, innovation, sustainable tourism, tourism |
| JEL: | Z38 Z3 |
| Date: | 2026–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:cfeaab:2026/02-en |
| By: | Thibault Vasse (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | La République dominicaine affiche une croissance soutenue et une stabilité macroéconomique notables dans le contexte latino-américain. Ce dynamisme repose principalement sur la consommation et l'investissement privés, dans un cadre de libéralisation économique et d'ouverture qui a favorisé la diversification productive et l'attractivité du pays. Cependant, cette performance masque des fragilités structurelles qui pèsent sur la trajectoire de développement. Si des progrès significatifs ont été enregistrés en matière de développement humain et de réduction de la pauvreté, les inégalités persistent du fait de systèmes sociaux encore insuffisamment développés. En effet, les capacités budgétaires du pays sont limitées, notamment en raison d'une faible mobilisation des recettes fiscales, et restent insuffisantes face aux besoins d'investissement, en particulier dans les infrastructures, les services publics et la transition climatique. |
| Keywords: | Capital humain, Investissement public, Adaptation au changement climatique, Politique budgétaire, Attractivité, Réforme fiscale, Macroéconomie |
| Date: | 2026–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05712495 |
| By: | Meriem Salhi (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the determinants of social acceptance of renewable energy projects in Morocco. It addresses a theoretical and empirical gap: the framework linking social acceptance and inclusive governance, mostly applied in Europe and North America, remains rarely tested in Morocco and North Africa. The study uses a self-administered online questionnaire distributed through LinkedIn to 178 respondents. Twenty-five five-point Likert items measure five constructs. The analyses include internal consistency assessment, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and two multiple linear regressions with HC3 robust standard errors. The main model explains 9.2% of the variance in social acceptance. Transparency (β = 0.157; p = 0.043), institutional trust (β = 0.145; p = 0.038), and perceived socio-economic benefits (β = 0.191; p = 0.009) have positive effects, whereas inclusive governance has no significant direct effect (β = 0.017; p = 0.822). Additional tests detect neither a significant quadratic effect nor a significant interaction with transparency. The findings remain exploratory because of non-probability sampling, moderate internal consistency of the scales, and the model's limited explanatory power. The study therefore distinguishes formal participation from effective territorial legitimation and highlights the importance of clear information, credible institutions, and visible local benefits. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche examine les déterminants de l'acceptabilité sociale des projets d'énergies renouvelables au Maroc. Elle répond à une lacune théorique et empirique : le cadre associant acceptabilité sociale et gouvernance inclusive, surtout mobilisé en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, reste peu testé au Maroc et en Afrique du Nord. L'étude adopte un design transversal fondé sur un questionnaire auto-administré en ligne, diffusé via LinkedIn, auprès de 178 répondants. Vingt-cinq items de Likert mesurent cinq construits. Les analyses comprennent la fiabilité interne, les statistiques descriptives, les corrélations de Pearson et deux régressions linéaires multiples avec erreurs standards robustes HC3. Le modèle principal explique 9, 2 % de la variance de l'acceptabilité sociale. La transparence (β = 0, 157 ; p = 0, 043), la confiance institutionnelle (β = 0, 145 ; p = 0, 038) et les bénéfices socio-économiques perçus (β = 0, 191 ; p = 0, 009) exercent des effets positifs, tandis que la gouvernance inclusive n'a pas d'effet direct significatif (β = 0, 017 ; p = 0, 822). Des tests complémentaires n'identifient ni effet quadratique ni interaction significative avec la transparence. Les résultats restent exploratoires en raison de l'échantillonnage non probabiliste, de la cohérence interne modérée des échelles et du faible pouvoir explicatif du modèle. Publié dans : International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, volume 7, numéro 9, 2026, pp. 301-318. |
| Keywords: | M14. Paper type: Empirical quantitative exploratory research, Morocco. JEL Classification: Q56, renewable energy, Q01, gouvernance inclusive acceptabilité sociale transparence confiance institutionnelle énergies renouvelables Maroc. Classification JEL : Q56 O13 Q01 M14. Type du papier : Recherche empirique quantitative exploratoire inclusive governance social acceptance transparency institutional trust renewable energy Morocco. JEL Classification: Q56 O13 Q01 M14. Paper type: Empirical quantitative exploratory research, gouvernance inclusive, acceptabilité sociale, transparence, confiance institutionnelle, énergies renouvelables, Maroc. Classification JEL : Q56, O13, institutional trust, M14. Type du papier : Recherche empirique quantitative exploratoire inclusive governance, social acceptance, transparency, Morocco, inclusive governance, energy transition |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05711864 |
| By: | Florian Léon (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Zeïneb Benaïssa (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Impact investing seeks to reconcile financial returns with non-financial outcomes. To this end, measuring the impacts generated (economic, social and environmental) is a crucial step. Drawing on a study of impact measurement practices among investment funds operating in Africa, we find highly heterogeneous practices that fall well short of expected standards. In this brief, we identify the challenges facing funds and propose several avenues to help them strengthen their capacity to measure impact. |
| Keywords: | Impact investing, Impact evaluation, Impact funds, Africa |
| Date: | 2026–09–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05736725 |
| By: | Ny-Harena Rakoto (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emile Leignadier (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laoges Thao (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anthony Piorowicz (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Denis Bole (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Aristide Lemaître (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sophie Bouchoule (C2N - Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Face aux enjeux énergétiques actuels et aux objectifs de réduction de l'empreinte environnementale des bâtiments publics, le Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N) a engagé, depuis 2022, plusieurs actions visant à améliorer l'efficacité énergétique de ses infrastructures de recherche. Ces installations, caractérisées par la présence d'équipements scientifiques de haute technologie et d'une salle propre nécessitant des conditions de fonctionnement strictes, représentent une part importante de la consommation énergétique du site. Dans ce contexte, cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact des mesures d'optimisation mises en œuvre par le C2N, à travers l'analyse détaillée des consommations énergétiques observées sur les trois dernières années. Le travail réalisé repose sur la collecte, le traitement et l'interprétation des données énergétiques du bâtiment afin d'identifier les évolutions de consommation, de quantifier les gains obtenus et d'évaluer l'efficacité des actions entreprises. |
| Keywords: | Comptage énergétique, Salle propre, Climatisation, CVC, Performance énergétique d'un bâtiment, Sobriété énergétique, Développement durable |
| Date: | 2026–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05692429 |
| By: | John Sturm Becko; Arnaud Costinot |
| Abstract: | We study international cooperation in a general environment with pecuniary and non-pecuniary externalities across countries. We derive two main theorems, each demonstrating that market-access commitments, a form of shallow integration, are sufficient to implement globally efficient policies. When all cross-border externalities are pecuniary, the first theorem provides a new and unifying perspective on a series of results by Bagwell and Staiger. When some cross-border externalities are non-pecuniary, the second theorem shows that market-access commitments, properly extended, still sustain global efficiency. These extended market-access commitments reinterpret cross-border externalities as additional goods that are traded and priced at their social values. We discuss the implications for international cooperation on climate change and geopolitics. |
| JEL: | F10 F11 F12 F13 F15 |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35685 |
| By: | Rim Berahab; Sabrine Emran |
| Abstract: | The global energy system has entered a period of acute structural stress following the strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran in late February 2026, and the subsequent disruption of flows through the Strait of Hormuz. According to the International Energy Agency, the resulting shock marks the most severe disruption to global energy markets since the 1970s oil crises, with systemic characteristics comparable to the combined effects of those crises and the 2022 Russia-Ukraine energy shock. This policy paper examines the mechanics of the oil-price shock, then assesses the structural importance of the Strait of Hormuz as a global energy chokepoint, through which an estimated 17.8 million barrels per day of crude oil and LNG transited before the Iran conflict. It highlights the limited substitutability of existing bypass infrastructure under conditions of sustained disruption. It also evaluates the fragmentation of the OPEC+ framework, including the United Arab Emirates’s announced withdrawal from the alliance on May 1, 2026, marking a critical point in the erosion of coordinated production management among major Gulf exporters. Finally, it analyses the role of renewable energy as a structural variable in the crisis, not as a short-term buffer, but as an accelerating force reshaping the geopolitical foundations of energy security. The Hormuz disruption should therefore be understood not only as a price shock, but as a systemic stress test of global energy governance, exposing deep structural fragilities and accelerating realignments across markets, alliances, and the energy transition. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb29_26 |
| By: | Rim Berahab; Sabrine Emran |
| Abstract: | The global energy system has entered a period of acute structural stress following the strikes by the United States and Israel on Iran in late February 2026, and the subsequent disruption of flows through the Strait of Hormuz. According to the International Energy Agency, the resulting shock marks the most severe disruption to global energy markets since the 1970s oil crises, with systemic characteristics comparable to the combined effects of those crises and the 2022 Russia-Ukraine energy shock. This policy paper examines the mechanics of the oil-price shock, then assesses the structural importance of the Strait of Hormuz as a global energy chokepoint, through which an estimated 17.8 million barrels per day of crude oil and LNG transited before the Iran conflict. It highlights the limited substitutability of existing bypass infrastructure under conditions of sustained disruption. It also evaluates the fragmentation of the OPEC+ framework, including the United Arab Emirates’s announced withdrawal from the alliance on May 1, 2026, marking a critical point in the erosion of coordinated production management among major Gulf exporters. Finally, it analyses the role of renewable energy as a structural variable in the crisis, not as a short-term buffer, but as an accelerating force reshaping the geopolitical foundations of energy security. The Hormuz disruption should therefore be understood not only as a price shock, but as a systemic stress test of global energy governance, exposing deep structural fragilities and accelerating realignments across markets, alliances, and the energy transition. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb29_26 |
| By: | Wang, Ruoyu |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea26:404685 |
| By: | Dernat, Sylvain (INRAE); Fiorio, Clara; Grillot, Myriam; Martel, Gilles; Terrier-Gesbert, Médulline |
| Abstract: | Background: Game-based interventions (GBI) increasingly embed simulation games within broader transformation processes targeting sustainability challenges. However, evaluation frameworks remain predominantly session-centred and learning-oriented, offering limited insight into how in-game dynamics translate into real-world practice change. This gap is particularly critical for GBI seeking to influence behaviours, coordination mechanisms, and institutional trajectories over extended time horizons. Method: This article proposes a framework for Assessing Game-based Interventions in Real-world contexts (AGIR), a theory-based tool designed to assess multi-level change processes in GBI. Drawing on program evaluation theory, behavioural sciences, and simulation and gaming research, AGIR structures evaluation across six levels (L0–L5): from game design and in-session dynamics (L0–L1), through learning (L2) and behavioural change (L3), to practice change (L4) and transformative systemic impacts (L5). The framework explicitly models mechanisms, contextual factors, and temporal pathways linking intervention design to sustainability outcomes. Contribution: AGIR’s contribution is threefold: it reinforces theoretical foundations by explicitly connecting design choices with evaluation concepts; it provides a comprehensive reference point enabling comparison across contexts through standardised levels and hypothesised mechanisms; and it functions as a formative accompaniment tool supporting ex ante hypothesis formulation, in itinere adjustments, and ex post impact analysis. By shifting evaluation from end-point outcome measurement toward process-oriented understanding of contribution, AGIR addresses longstanding calls for rigorous yet practical frameworks adapted to complex, action-oriented interventions. Conclusion: The framework is designed for adaptability across intervention contexts while preserving theoretical coherence. Though resource-intensive, AGIR offers practitioners and researchers a structured approach to assess whether and how GBI contribute to sustainable change, fostering an evaluation culture essential for demonstrating the impact potential of simulation games. |
| Date: | 2026–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jxutk_v1 |
| By: | Aneli Bongers (Department of Economics, University of Malaga); Jose L. Torres (Department of Economics, University of Malaga) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the private costs that orbital debris imposes on satellite op- erators. Specifically, we quantify the increase in mission costs associated with the growing presence of debris in Earth’s orbit. The proliferation of orbital debris raises the probability of collisions with operational satellites, which may damage or de- stroy space assets and compel operators to adopt costly mitigation measures. The resulting increase in collision risk generates a range of additional operational ex- penses, including higher launch costs, expenditures on collision-avoidance maneu- vers, and investments in shielding and debris-tracking capabilities. Orbital debris may also lead to the premature loss of space capital due to destructive collisions. In the baseline year 2025, private costs attributable to debris are estimated at approxi- mately $166, 700 per mission. These costs increase substantially over time, reaching about $1 million within 50 years, about $5 million in 75 years, and more than $50 million in 100 years. |
| Keywords: | Outer space; Orbital debris; Satellites; Collisions, Deorbiting-Shielding; Collision avoidance operations |
| JEL: | D24 D62 E21 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bhw:wpaper:11-2026 |
| By: | Takuma Kunieda (School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University); Keisuke Okada (Faculty of Economics, Kansai University); Yasuyuki Sawada (Faculty of Economics, The University of Tokyo); Akihisa Shibata (Department of Economics, Osaka University of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Building on the two-sector growth model of Matsuyama (1992), this paper explores how the Green Revolution contributed to structural transformation through market-based price adjustments. To address the endogeneity of relative agricultural prices, we employ shift-share (Bartik) instrumental variables drawing on the innovative methodologies and datasets developed by Gollin et al. (2021) and Huang (2024). We further construct a novel projected-TFP instrument to isolate realized agricultural productivity gains attributable to the Green Revolution. Our empirical findings show that the Green Revolution significantly increased agricultural productivity, lowered agricultural prices, and facilitated structural transformation when market mechanisms function effectively. Importantly, institutional quality critically shapes this price-transmission mechanism: weak institutions distort the transmission of agri-cultural productivity gains into relative prices and thereby impede structural transformation. To quantify these distortions and the associated misallocation, we construct a price-based misallocation (PBM) index that captures institutionally mediated distortions in relative-price adjustment. Overall, our findings show that the benefits of the Green Revolution depend not only on technological progress itself but also on the institutional environment through which productivity gains are transmitted into market prices. These findings highlight the importance of institutional reforms and targeted policies to reduce distortions and maximize the gains from agricultural innovation. |
| Keywords: | Structural transformation; Green Revolution; Misallocation; Economic development; Price-based misallocation (PBM) index |
| JEL: | O11 O13 O43 Q16 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kgu:wpaper:313 |
| By: | Martinez, Alex; Perona, Mathieu |
| Abstract: | Alors que les villes offrent emplois, services et opportunités, leurs habitants déclarent paradoxalement une satisfaction de vie plus faible que les ruraux. Cette note explore ce paradoxe sous l’angle du cadre résidentiel, à partir des données de l’enquête SRCV. Nous montrons d’abord que l’habitat collectif, plus fréquent en ville, expose davantage aux nuisances – bruit, pollution, insécurité, manque de propreté – et que ces nuisances pèsent nettement sur le bien-être : plus elles s’accumulent, plus la satisfaction de vie, la satisfaction résidentielle et la santé subjective diminuent. Parmi elles, le bruit apparaît comme la plus pénalisante. La qualité interne du logement compte également : humidité, manque de luminosité ou charges financières jugées lourdes sont associés à une satisfaction plus faible. L’espace disponible joue un rôle majeur, mais de façon non linéaire : les gains de satisfaction sont surtout sensibles en dessous de 40 m² par personne, seuil au-delà duquel l’espace supplémentaire n’apporte plus grand-chose. Le résultat le plus frappant tient au renversement du constat initial : une fois prises en compte les caractéristiques des logements et des ménages, vivre dans une grande agglomération devient favorable à la satisfaction résidentielle. Le déficit apparent des grandes villes, et de Paris en particulier, s’explique donc largement par les caractéristiques de leur parc immobilier, plutôt que par un effet propre du territoire ; les aménités urbaines (services, transports, commerces) compensant en partie les contraintes du logement. Enfin, nous soulignons que le cadre résidentiel se répercute, de manière atténuée, sur la satisfaction de vie générale, faisant du logement une composante essentielle du bien-être subjectif. |
| Keywords: | Bien-être, Habitat, Nuisances |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2616 |
| By: | Mueller, Lukas; Marcroft, Timothy Peter; Beck, Constantin von; Zeiss, Jan Pedro; Schwanitz, Valeria Jana; Wierling, August; Holstenkamp, Lars |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the emergence of 1, 072 solar initiatives (268 associations and 804 cooperatives operating photovoltaic systems) from 2006 to 2018 in Germany. The study draws on organizational ecology theory to identify factors that influence the likelihood of establishing a solar initiative by investigating the impacts of two opposing effects: legitimation effects and competition effects. We show that the density of medium-scale photovoltaic installations in a district negatively affects the likelihood of establishing a solar initiative, suggesting that competitive dynamics prevail between different market entrants, dampening the emergence of solar initiatives. By contrast, we find that the founding of a solar initiative in a district has a positive effect on the probability of founding other solar initiatives in the same district, confirming legitimacy effects. Further, we show that solar initiatives are more likely to be founded in rural areas, especially in densifying rural areas. |
| Date: | 2026–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:161974 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | The close relationship between energy and geopolitics is well established. The same holds true for several armed conflicts. In recent years, however, the conflict most closely intertwined with energy has been the 2026 Iran War, which began on February 28. A ceasefire has been in effect since April 8, and a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed by Iran and the United States on June 17. Nevertheless, as demonstrated by Iran's attacks on commercial vessels and recent U.S. strikes between July 6 and July 13—the date on which this Policy Brief was finalized, hostilities are far from over. This war is not associated with one form of energy, but with three: nuclear energy and hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas). The connections between the conflict and energy are numerous and diverse, as this Policy Brief will explain. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb41_26_2 |
| By: | Gabriel Ahlfeldt; Nathaniel Baum-Snow; Remi Jedwab |
| Abstract: | Tall buildings make up over 20% of real estate by value in the world's largest cities. Nonetheless, many governments constrain tall building construction, hindering urbanization and growth. Quantification for all cities worldwide using a canonical land use model disciplined with reduced form elasticity estimates indicates that eliminating existing height constraints would generate a welfare gain of 3.7% in developing economies. Aggregate land values would decline by 3.9%, incentivizing landowners to support height restrictions. Estimated elasticities of city population and built area with respect to aggregate city building heights are 0.13 and -0.16, reinforcing the quantitative evidence that tall buildings facilitate urban growth and compactness. Interactions between static demand factors and the geography of bedrock isolate 1975-2015 tall building construction driven by technology-induced reductions in the cost of height. Using indirect inference, we estimate a (congestion) elasticity of consumer welfare to urban density of -0.11. |
| Keywords: | Urban Density; Tall Buildings; Sustainable Urbanization; Urban Growth; Commercial Real Estate; Housing Supply; Urban Sprawl; Land Savings; Housing Affordability; Geographic Constraints. |
| JEL: | R11 R12 R14 R31 R33 O18 O13 |
| Date: | 2026–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gwc:wpaper:2026-012 |
| By: | Sidharth Mallik; Anastasios Megaritis; Waymond Rodgers |
| Abstract: | The impact of web datasets on market prices has suggested the development of new sources of information, such as social media and web portals, indicating the possibility of an emergent phenomenon. We propose a defining perspective, termed open information, that adds to the existing types of public and private information. We demonstrate their existence and justify material significance for pricing. In this respect, we present statistical hypotheses to test for a web dataset, GDELT, integrated for carbon pricing, that is represented by EU Allowance spot prices. Tests are designed with VAR and GARCH-X formulations, and return forecasting. The outcomes cannot rule out the material existence of open information. The result is significant for providing a conceptual basis to integrate a vast number of web datasets as alternative data in investment decisions. |
| Date: | 2026–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2608.04929 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | Les relations, très étroites, entre l’énergie et la géopolitique sont bien connues. Cela vaut aussi pour plusieurs conflits armés. Mais, dans la période récente, le conflit le plus lié à l’énergie est la guerre d’Iran de 2026, qui a débuté le 28 février. Un cessez-le-feu est en vigueur depuis le 8 avril et un protocole d’accord a été signé le 17 juin par l’Iran et les États-Unis. Mais, comme le montrent les attaques de l’Iran contre des navires et les frappes américaines de ces derniers jours (entre le 6 et le 13 juillet – date de la fin de la rédaction de ce Papier), les hostilités sont loin d’être terminées. Cette guerre n’est d’ailleurs pas liée à une énergie mais à trois, le nucléaire et les hydrocarbures (pétrole et gaz naturel). Et ces relations sont multiples et de nature diverse, comme nous allons le développer dans ce Policy Brief. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb41_26 |
| By: | Pussetto, Georgina Gisella |
| Abstract: | El presente Trabajo Final de Maestría analiza, desde una perspectiva histórico-geográfica, la evolución del enoturismo en Cafayate (Salta, Argentina). Para ello, examina la articulación entre políticas públicas y empresarios bodegueros, evaluando su efectividad para consolidar a Cafayate como destino turístico cuyo principal atractivo es la cultura báquica. Asimismo, responde a interrogantes sobre las estrategias que impulsan el crecimiento del enoturismo, identifica a los actores clave, analiza su nivel de integración y examina las iniciativas de sustentabilidad existentes. La metodología combina enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos, e incorpora trabajo de campo, con análisis documental y estadístico. Los resultados revelan que Cafayate concentra la mayor oferta enoturística de Salta, sustentada en la singularidad geográfica del Valle Calchaquí, la calidad de sus vinos y una creciente infraestructura turística. No obstante, se evidencian asimetrías en la distribución de beneficios, desafíos en la cooperación público-privada y la necesidad de fortalecer la gestión sostenible. Como aporte, el trabajo propone consolidar el producto enoturístico mediante inversiones responsables, diversificación de la oferta y preservación del patrimonio cultural y natural. Este análisis se enmarca en los principios de sustentabilidad turística definidos por la OMT y contribuye tanto a la discusión académica como a la planificación estratégica del enoturismo en Argentina. |
| Keywords: | Desarrollo Turístico; Enoturismo; Bodegas; Cafayate; |
| Date: | 2026–07–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4592 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | Ethiopia continues to struggle to lay the economic foundations of food security for all, more than 30 years after first adopting the East Asian Developmental State Model (EADS) under Zenawi (1911-2012), continued under Hailemariam Desalegn (2012-April 2018), and later shifting toward a neo-liberal, Washington consensus-oriented approach under Abiy Ahmed (2018-present). The achievements recorded under the EADS approach—particularly double-digit annual growth, substantial poverty reduction, and improved well-being—have, so far, not been sustained under the neo-liberal model. Instead, growth has slowed, inflation has risen, and poverty has increased. However, the neo-liberal approach is credited, particularly by the IMF, with initiating key reforms that may lay the foundations for future poverty- reducing growth. What can other developing countries learn from Ethiopia’s experience with two contrasting developmental philosophies in promoting structural transformation—from a low-productivity agriculture economy to a high- productivity, industrialized one? A key lesson emerging from Ethiopia’s ongoing experience is that sustained macroeconomic and political stability over a period of two to three decades— if not longer—is essential for any developmental strategy to yield long-term structural transformation and ensure food security for all. In the case of Ethiopia, the achievements and drawbacks of both approaches have been heavily influenced by the repeated shocks the country has endured, including prolonged droughts, floods, and heatwaves, compounded by various forms of political instability, such as widespread regional and ethnic conflicts. These recurrent shocks render any developmental gains fragile, particularly given Ethiopia’s pre-existing levels of poverty and vulnerability following the civil war that ended with the victory of the EPRDF over the Derg regime in 1991. The fundamental lesson: the necessity of a prolonged period of peace and stability to achieve sustainable and inclusive developmental outcomes. While this lesson may appear self-evident, it remains critically important and worth reiterating in a world marked by ongoing turmoil. Successful agricultural transformation requires decades—typically two to three decades, if not more—of sustained peace and stability. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb43_26 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | Ethiopia continues to struggle to lay the economic foundations of food security for all, more than 30 years after first adopting the East Asian Developmental State Model (EADS) under Zenawi (1911-2012), continued under Hailemariam Desalegn (2012-April 2018), and later shifting toward a neo-liberal, Washington consensus-oriented approach under Abiy Ahmed (2018-present). The achievements recorded under the EADS approach—particularly double-digit annual growth, substantial poverty reduction, and improved well-being—have, so far, not been sustained under the neo-liberal model. Instead, growth has slowed, inflation has risen, and poverty has increased. However, the neo-liberal approach is credited, particularly by the IMF, with initiating key reforms that may lay the foundations for future poverty- reducing growth. What can other developing countries learn from Ethiopia’s experience with two contrasting developmental philosophies in promoting structural transformation—from a low-productivity agriculture economy to a high- productivity, industrialized one? A key lesson emerging from Ethiopia’s ongoing experience is that sustained macroeconomic and political stability over a period of two to three decades— if not longer—is essential for any developmental strategy to yield long-term structural transformation and ensure food security for all. In the case of Ethiopia, the achievements and drawbacks of both approaches have been heavily influenced by the repeated shocks the country has endured, including prolonged droughts, floods, and heatwaves, compounded by various forms of political instability, such as widespread regional and ethnic conflicts. These recurrent shocks render any developmental gains fragile, particularly given Ethiopia’s pre-existing levels of poverty and vulnerability following the civil war that ended with the victory of the EPRDF over the Derg regime in 1991. The fundamental lesson: the necessity of a prolonged period of peace and stability to achieve sustainable and inclusive developmental outcomes. While this lesson may appear self-evident, it remains critically important and worth reiterating in a world marked by ongoing turmoil. Successful agricultural transformation requires decades—typically two to three decades, if not more—of sustained peace and stability. |
| Date: | 2026–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb43_26 |
| By: | Steffen Jahn (Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg); Tobias Klinke (experial Research Lab); Daniel Guhl (HU Berlin); Maja Murr (HU Berlin) |
| Abstract: | Large language models are increasingly used to generate silicon samples, synthetic respondents that stand in for human participants in behavioral research. As silicon samples enter the methodological mainstream, the question of their re-fielding replicability becomes critical: when researchers regenerate a silicon sample under the same procedure at a later point in time, how stable are the resulting data? Existing validation studies have compared LLM-generated responses to human responses at a single point in time, but the temporal consistency of silicon samples themselves (whether independent reapplications of the same generation procedure yield comparable samples) has not been examined systematically, especially under sparse-conditioning, re-fielded sample-generation settings. We address this gap by generating silicon samples across three weekly waves, permitting a re-fielding consistency assessment. We benchmark this assessment with a human reference sample recruited via Prolific. Moreover, we systematically compare three structurally distinct generation paradigms that try to increase response variability: single-prompt batch generation, iterative generation with cumulative memory, and two-stage seed-and-expand generation. We find that re-fielding consistency is reasonably high in aggregate and comparable to the human benchmark for the strongest paradigm (two-stage seed-and-expand) but markedly lower for single-prompt batch generation. In contrast, alignment with the human reference is generally low, so that silicon samples reproduce their own outputs more faithfully than they reproduce human data. This means that silicon samples can be internally reproducible without being externally valid. |
| Keywords: | silicon samples; synthetic data; replicability; consistency; sustainability; plant-based meat; |
| JEL: | C83 C52 C45 M31 Q56 D12 |
| Date: | 2026–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rco:dpaper:583 |