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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Lena Harris; Eric C. Edwards; Danae Hernandez-Cortes |
| Abstract: | Air pollution from natural sources is often subject to less regulatory oversight, but can still be caused by human activities. Understanding the role for policy requires quantifying the source's pollution contribution, for which there is currently no standard methodological approach. This paper uses the context of the shrinking Great Salt Lake in Utah to model air quality impacts of the highly erodible and growing area of exposed lakebed. Using four common identification strategies in the air pollution literature, and three alternative pollution measurement technologies, we find consistent evidence of meaningful pollution increases attributable to the shrinking lake in non-winter months. Estimates are relatively invariant to measurement technology but vary across identification strategies. Marginal annual costs range from $81 to $175 million per 100 km² of exposed lakebed. Scaling to the area of total exposed lakebed, annual desiccation-related health cost estimates range from $1.1 billion to $2.3 billion. Given the direct relationship between human water use in the basin and exposed lakebed, these results provide evidence for the cost-effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing consumptive water use. |
| JEL: | Q25 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:35270 |
| By: | Nijhara, Garv; Verma, Renu; Bansal, Twinkle; Jyoti, Divya |
| Abstract: | Decentralized Carbon Markets in India is a forward-looking and research-driven work that explores the emerging landscape of carbon trading through decentralized frameworks, particularly within the Indian context. As global climate commitments intensify and nations move toward achieving targets under the Paris Agreement, this book critically examines how decentralized mechanisms—powered by blockchain technology, digital MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) systems, and community-driven carbon initiatives—can reshape India’s carbon economy. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s evolving carbon market structure, including compliance and voluntary markets, while highlighting the limitations of centralized systems such as lack of transparency, inefficiencies, and limited accessibility for small stakeholders. It introduces the concept of decentralized carbon markets as a transformative solution that enhances transparency, traceability, and inclusivity—particularly for rural communities, farmers, and MSMEs. Through theoretical insights, policy analysis, and real-world case discussions, the book bridges the gap between environmental economics, climate policy, and financial innovation. It also evaluates the role of government initiatives, private sector participation, and international collaborations in fostering a robust decentralized carbon ecosystem in India. Importantly, this book lays the foundation for understanding how India can leverage decentralized carbon markets not only to meet its climate goals but also to generate sustainable economic opportunities at the grassroots level. |
| Keywords: | Decentralized Carbon Markets Carbon Markets in India Carbon Trading Systems Carbon Credits Carbon Pricing Carbon Finance Climate Policy Sustainable Development Environmental Economics Carbon Economy |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128733 |
| By: | Akay, Alpaslan (University of Gothenburg); Kartal, Nur (Turkish-German University) |
| Abstract: | We examine whether income comparisons are associated with environmental concern using SOEP data for 2000–2020. We argue that pressure to keep up with others may redirect attention from environmental protection as a collective good toward private positional concerns. Individual fixed-effects linear probability models with detailed reference-group definitions show that higher reference-group income is linked to a lower probability of reporting high concern about environmental protection or climate change, while the own-income estimate is small and statistically imprecise. A 10% increase in others’ mean income corresponds to a decline of about 1–2% of the mean level of environmental concern. The association is stronger among individuals with lower environmental awareness, lower patience, weaker prosocial orientation, and limited political engagement. It is also more pronounced in contexts with higher pollution exposure and more intensive environmental-protection efforts, consistent with normalisation and moral-licensing mechanisms. The results are robust to nonlinear models, income-rank measures, median reference income, alternative comparison goods, and alternative reference groups. |
| Keywords: | relative income, environmental concern, climate change, prosociality, fairness |
| JEL: | D62 H41 Q54 D31 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18668 |
| By: | Aries Eric (European Commission - JRC); Retsoulis Ioannis (European Commission - JRC); Gonzalez Cuenca Jose (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report presents a systematic assessment of 30 innovative techniques/processes in the Iron and Steel (IS) sector for depollution, decarbonisation, resource efficiency and circularity. The work is carried out by INCITE under Article 27a of the Industrial Emissions Directive, following an integrated approach for assessing the technique’s degree of maturity (i.e. Technology Readiness Level), environmental performance (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air/water emissions reduction, energy consumption, circularity), cost effectiveness and cross media effects. Eighteen techniques with high degree of maturity which could provide significant environmental benefits, are proposed to be considered in the forthcoming review of the Iron and Steel Best Available Techniques Reference Document (IS BREF) (commencing in 2026). The report provides information on the deployment of key decarbonisation routes. Between 2026 and 2030, approximately 17 Mt yr⁻¹ of direct reduced iron production capacity (eight plants) together with about 35 Mt yr⁻¹ of new electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity (sixteen plants) is confirmed, marking a decisive shift of the EU steel industry towards both hydrogen steelmaking and electrification / steel scrap recycling. These findings support the EU’s zero pollution ambition and the 2030/2040 climate targets, providing sound technical information which can be used for developing stronger environmental norms (BAT conclusions) for the IS sector in Europe. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146558 |
| By: | Bian, Alice; Howai, Niko; Cayetano, Cristobal; Creencia, Lota; Gibb, Maxine; Robinson, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | 'Blue finance' is an emerging area of climate finance that aims to channel investment towards activities that promote the long-term health and sustainability of the ocean and the marine environment. Mobilising blue finance to scale up investment in the protection of mangroves in the Philippines can improve the health and livelihoods of coastal fishing communities and contribute to climate change mitigation, adaptation and resilience. Our analysis assesses the use of ‘debt-for-mangrove swaps’, and proposes a high-level conceptual framework for operationalising these swaps. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; blue bonds; blue economy; blue finance; climate action; climate resilience; debt-for-mangrove swaps; debt-for-nature swaps; mangrove-based livelihoods; mitigation |
| JEL: | F3 G3 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138528 |
| By: | kilani, bochra hadj |
| Abstract: | Tunisia, a semi-arid Mediterranean country, faces increasing climate-related pressures linked to water scarcity, agricultural instability, rapid urbanization, and limited environmental adaptation. Despite growing concern over climate vulnerability in North Africa, integrated long-term assessments of the relationship between environmental stress and sustainable development remain limited. This study analyzes multi-decadal trends from 1960 to 2025 using 15 standardized indicators from World Bank Open Data covering water resources, agriculture, energy transition, urbanization, coastal exposure, and environmental protection. The analysis combines descriptive trend evaluation with OLS regression, Mann–Kendall tests, and Sen’s slope estimation to identify major structural changes across sectors. The results reveal four major trends. First, freshwater withdrawals increased dramatically, reaching over 90% of internal renewable resources by 2022, placing Tunisia among the world’s most water-stressed countries. Second, agricultural systems remain highly vulnerable, characterized by declining arable land and strong cereal-yield volatility linked to rainfall variability. Third, rapid urbanization has concentrated population and infrastructure in low-elevation coastal zones exposed to sea-level rise and storm surges. Fourth, adaptation efforts remain insufficient, with limited renewable-electricity deployment and protected-area coverage remaining below international targets. The findings highlight a growing “climate–development nexus” in which resource depletion, environmental vulnerability, and slow adaptation interact through reinforcing pressures. The study identifies urgent priorities for integrated water governance, renewable-energy expansion, coastal-risk management, and ecosystem protection, directly supporting SDGs 6, 11, 13, and 15. More broadly, the Tunisian case provides an instructive framework for understanding climate-development challenges across semi-arid Mediterranean and MENA countries. |
| Date: | 2026–05–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:a6g2u_v1 |
| By: | Whelan, Isabelle; Luiu, Carlo; Pope, Francis D. |
| Abstract: | In the UK, the transport sector is a major contributor to air pollution, and associated pollution remains one of the most serious environmental risks to public health. As cities transition to more sustainable transport systems, gaining public support for measures that restrict car use and encourage modal shift to alternative modes remains a key challenge. Understanding public attitudes is crucial for creating policies that are not only effective but also socially acceptable. This study examines how air quality perceptions and environmental attitudes shape support for clean air and sustainable transport interventions in Birmingham, UK. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining an assessment of local air quality trends with a survey of 176 residents to capture their attitudinal, behavioural and contextual factors at play. The findings show high levels of concern about local air quality and support for enabling investments in public transport and active travel infrastructure. However, persistent motonormative attitudes and polarisation around restrictive policies such as congestion charges and traffic filtering schemes reveal potential social and political challenges of reducing car dependency. These patterns highlight the importance of equitable policy design, clearer public communication, and long term efforts to shift mobility norms. Overall, the findings indicate that reducing traffic-related emissions in Birmingham will require an effective coordinated strategy integrating infrastructure investment, affordability improvements, enhanced safety, and cultural change to support sustainable travel behaviours. |
| Date: | 2026–05–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7fv5g_v1 |
| By: | Till Köveker; Philipp Cremer |
| Abstract: | Empirical evidence on price premiums for green intermediate products is scarce, especially for energy-intensive basic materials. Evidence on such green premiums is relevant, as they may affect companies incentives to invest in green production technologies. Moreover, green premiums are important for the design of green support programmes, as support levels could be adjusted for companies’ green revenues. This paper proposes a new approach for estimating green premiums for basic materials. Basic material buyers’ additional willingness to pay for green inputs is estimated based on their reported internal carbon prices. This green willingness to pay is used to construct a demand curve for green basic materials. Short-to medium-term green supply is derived from low-carbon basic material production facilities that have been announced or are under construction. The proposed methodology is then applied to estimate and predict green premiums in the steel sector. The results indicate that green steel premiums will be too low and too transient to generate significant incentives to invest in green primary steel production facilities. Other policies such as effective carbon prices and carbon contracts for difference are and will be central in driving the green steel transition. Green steel premiums may only play a complementary role in the first years of the transition |
| Keywords: | Green Premium, Internal Carbon Price, Willingness to Pay, Green Steel, Steel Industry, Decarbonization, Climate Policy |
| JEL: | Q02 L61 Q59 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2167 |
| By: | Amady Léchenet |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses whether the European Union’s target of achieving 15% cross-border electricity interconnection by 2030 can ease the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Using the open-source Python for Power System Analysis (PyPSA)-Eur modeling framework, we develop a large scale linear optimization model of power systems of France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The model endogenously optimizes generation, storage, and transmission capacities under technical constraints, while incorporating policy constraints in the form of both a minimum interconnection requirement and alternative CO2 emission caps. Our results show that implementing the interconnection target alone yields only marginal carbon reductions relative to the baseline. Although 15% is not cost-optimal for each country, significant changes in electricity generation and decreases in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are obtained with enhanced cross-border interconnections. Grid development significantly facilitates deeper decarbonization by enabling higher renewable penetration, reducing flexible fossil-based generation, and reshaping cross-border electricity flows. |
| Keywords: | Market coupling, cross-border interconnection, CO₂ mitigation, power system optimization, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration |
| JEL: | Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q51 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-10 |
| By: | Marta Castellini (Department of Economics and Management, University of Padua and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Nadezhda Ushakova (Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Sergio Vergalli (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | Although the circular economy (CE) is recognised as a key climate mitigation strategy, its integration within global climate frameworks, such as those developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its Assessment Reports, remains unclear. This study provides a systematic analysis of how the circular economy is framed in the climate-mitigation context of the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report using a mixed-methods approach that combines computational text analysis with qualitative content analysis through sentence-level manual coding. Eight Chapters relevant to the mitigation were examined and findings show that CE is most frequently framed as a supporting strategy (44.3%), followed by implicit (29.3%) and primary roles (26.4%), while being unevenly distributed across sectors, with the strongest representation in industry. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, Climate Mitigation, IPCC AR6, Decarbonization, Sustainable Development |
| JEL: | Q53 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2026.16 |
| By: | Hertwich, Edgar; Liu, Yiwen; Jiang, Meng |
| Abstract: | The importance of machinery and equipment (ME) to the use of materials and thus to the circular economy and their contribution to climate change mitigation has only recently been recognized. Previous analyses based on EXIOBASE distinguished only five types of ME, giving a coarse picture that is not satisfactory to pinpoint opportunities for mitigation. Here we utilize the US benchmark input-output tables, which represent the production and use of 65 types of ME. We use Hypothetical Extraction Method (HEM) to identify the part of the carbon footprint that can be attributed to the input of materials and energy as well as the use of transport and capital equipment. We use Structural Path Analysis (SPA) to identify those suppliers important for contributing to the carbon footprint of the product of interest through using materials, energy, transport, capital, or direct emissions. We illustrate the application of this path extraction (PEX) to the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of the production of material handling equipment. Cut-off criteria need to be set to less than 0.5% of total impacts to consider more than the first tear of suppliers to each of the investigated production processes. |
| Keywords: | machinery and equipment production, supply chains, material efficiency, climate change mitigation |
| JEL: | D57 L60 L64 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129194 |
| By: | Theodoulou, Ivi |
| Abstract: | Climate change has become a central concern in 21st-century economic policy, influencing monetary, fiscal, competition, and social security strategies. This paper examines how the United Kingdom has integrated climate objectives into its policy frameworks, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Bank of England has implemented carbon reduction targets, renewable energy adoption, and climate stress-tests to enhance financial stability. Fiscal policies, including investment in climate adaptation and mitigation, demonstrate proactive planning for both acute and chronic climate-related risks. Competition policy enables climate change agreements that promote sustainable practices while remaining consistent with international standards. Social security measures, including financial support, green job programs, and energy subsidies, safeguard vulnerable populations from climate impacts. The UK’s approach illustrates a holistic model in which economic, environmental, and social policies intersect, advancing resilience, sustainability, and equitable development. |
| Keywords: | : Climate change, SDGs, UK policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, social security, competition policy, sustainability, net-zero.; Climate change, SDGs, UK policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, social security, competition policy, sustainability, net-zero. |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129161 |
| By: | Sta. Romana, Leonardo L. |
| Abstract: | The voluntary carbon market, used by companies to buy credits to "offset" part of their remaining emissions, has recently faced integrity issues due to inaccurate, sometimes even fraudulent, claims of emissions avoidance from projects preventing deforestation. Several recent "best practices" in the Amazon are noteworthy in terms of rebuilding trust in the market for offsets based on the carbon-absorbing abilities of nature itself. On the supply side, a developer and two Brazilian start-ups focused on forest restoration projects are presented. On the demand side, the big US tech firms and global corporates buying the carbon credits are discussed. Their willingness to pay a premium price for the high-quality carbon offsets are noted. An innovative World Bank Amazon-inspired financial instrument used to mobilize private institutional capital is also explained. |
| Keywords: | Nature-based Solutions, , Forest Protection, Forest Restoration, Deforestation, Forest Degradation, Carbon Market, Carbon Removal, Carbon Offsets, Amazon Rainforest, Biodiversity |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:341033 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Basma Taieb (EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Panagiota Papadopoulou (NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); Ana Semedo (Ilexpansions, France); Said Aboubaker Ettis (UJ - University of Jeddah [Arabie Saoudite]); Wang Pengxiang (UTokyo - The University of Tokyo); Iizuka Kayo (Senshu University); Wang Jing (Srinakharinwirot University); Chatelain Amber (Midway University); Bourimech Zakaria (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Chin-Ching Yin (Tapei Tech - National Taipei University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming educational practices worldwide, yet its widespread use conceals significant environmental costs rarely acknowledged in current Information Systems research. This study investigates students' awareness of the environmental footprint of GenAI tools across France, the United States, and China. Drawing on Green IS theory, we collected data via a survey administered online. Results reveal low levels of awareness regarding GenAI's energy consumption and carbon emissions, with notable cultural differences in attitudes toward sustainable AI use. While students express an interest in understanding the carbon footprint of AI queries, few are willing to alter their usage for ecological reasons, and ambivalence persists concerning the trade-off between AI performance and energy efficiency. The findings underscore an urgent need for universities to integrate environmental sustainability into AI-related curricula, balancing technological innovation with responsibility use of GenAI in higher education. |
| Abstract: | L'intelligence artificielle générative (IAG) transforme les pratiques éducatives à travers le monde, mais son utilisation généralisée masque des coûts environnementaux importants, rarement pris en compte dans la recherche actuelle en systèmes d'information. Cette étude examine la perception qu'ont les étudiants de l'impact environnemental des outils d'IAG en France, aux États-Unis et en Chine. S'appuyant sur la théorie des systèmes d'information verts, nous avons recueilli des données via un questionnaire en ligne. Les résultats révèlent une faible sensibilisation à la consommation énergétique et aux émissions de carbone de l'IAG, ainsi que des différences culturelles notables quant aux attitudes envers une utilisation durable de l'IA. Si les étudiants manifestent un intérêt pour la compréhension de l'empreinte carbone des requêtes d'IA, peu sont disposés à modifier leur utilisation pour des raisons écologiques, et une certaine ambivalence persiste quant au compromis entre performance de l'IA et efficacité énergétique. Ces résultats soulignent l'urgence pour les universités d'intégrer le développement durable dans les cursus liés à l'IA, en conciliant innovation technologique et utilisation responsable de l'IAG dans l'enseignement supérieur. |
| Keywords: | Higher Education, Green IS, Environmental Awareness, Sustainability, Generative AI |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05630227 |
| By: | Deniz Atalar; Banu Demir; Swati Dhingra |
| Abstract: | Can environmental regulation reduce pollution globally, or does it merely shift environmental burdens across countries? We study China's 2017 ban on plastic waste imports, which abruptly closed the world's largest destination market for plastic waste recycled into manufacturing inputs. The ban triggered a major reallocation of global waste flows and provides a rare opportunity to study a central question in the pollution haven literature: when one country tightens environmental policy, where does the displaced environmental burden go? Displaced waste did not flow to the world's weakest regulators. Instead, it was redirected disproportionately towards Turkiye, a country with weaker waste-management outcomes than China and sufficient capacity to absorb part of the displaced trade. Using newly assembled data linking global trade flows, firm-to-firm production networks, waste management practices, and regional air pollution, we trace the consequences of the ban from international trade diversion to firms responses and local environmental outcomes. The dominant environmental mechanism differs from the textbook pollution haven narrative. Cheaper imported plastic waste displaced domestically generated waste. Domestic waste suppliers lost buyers and increasingly disposed of unsold waste through dumping and open burning. Cities more exposed to displaced domestic waste experienced significantly larger increases in particulate air pollution. Embedding these mechanisms in a quantitative model with environmental externalities, we find that economic gains from cheaper imported inputs are modest while estimated damages from local air pollution are substantial, implying negative net welfare effects for Turkiye. Our findings show that environmental regulation can export environmental costs through market displacement, shifting pollution burdens toward countries less equipped to manage them. |
| Date: | 2026–06–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2191 |
| By: | Brüggemann, Anke; Rode, Johannes |
| Abstract: | The consequences of global warming are increasingly evident. Worldwide, extreme weather events caused damage of over USD 3.8 trillion between 2000 and 2024 and have more than doubled over these two decades. Businesses in Germany are also affected by the impacts of climate change. According to the KfW Climate Barometer, 21% of firms already report negative impacts, with the figure as high as 74% among LSEs and 31% among energy-intensive companies. In addition to direct damage to physical assets, the economy is particularly strained by disruptions in energy and transport infrastructure and supply chains. As a highly import- and export-oriented country, Germany is also heavily exposed to the consequences of climate change in other parts of the world. Unchecked climate change is a substantial risk to future economic prosperity. To limit risks, decisive international climate action and early adaptation measures to climate change are needed. |
| Date: | 2026–04–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:160201 |
| By: | Ara Jo; Sébastien Houde |
| Abstract: | This paper disentangles the roles of within-firm improvement and between-firm selection and market reallocation in determining aggregate energy intensity. Our analysis shows that selection and market reallocation play a stronger role than within-firm improvement in driving aggregate declines in energy intensity, despite the strong focus on within-firm response to climate policy measures in the existing empirical literature. We also find that these mechanisms, in particular the selection channel, can be leveraged by environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | industry dynamics, energy intensity, decarbonization, environmental policy, manufacturing sector |
| JEL: | Q40 Q52 Q58 L50 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12695 |
| By: | Zivkovic Lazar; Fabbri Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); Strbac Dijana; Mitic Petar; Ljumovic Isidora |
| Abstract: | The Western Balkans are entering the energy transition under structurally more demanding conditions than most EU Member States. High carbon intensity, ageing energy infrastructure, and continued reliance on coal and hydropower intersect with increasing pressures stemming from EU climate policy, market integration, and the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. This report examines the implications of decarbonisation for competitiveness, energy security, and economic development across the Western Balkans. Drawing on quantitative indicators and qualitative evidence, the analysis highlights structural characteristics of regional energy systems and identifies key barriers to the effective implementation of the transition. The findings indicate that while renewable energy deployment is accelerating, progress is constrained by outdated grid infrastructure, limited institutional capacity, and restricted access to finance. The report concludes that successful decarbonisation will depend on strengthening implementation capacity, mobilising large-scale investment in energy infrastructure, and aligning energy transition policies with broader competitiveness and place-based transformation strategies. Based on these findings, the report outlines a set of policy recommendations aimed at strengthening institutional capacity, accelerating grid modernisation, and improving access to financing mechanisms that can support a sustainable and competitive energy transition in the region. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146627 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Pauw, Karl; Jiang, Shiyun; Thurlow, James; Jones, Eleanor |
| Abstract: | In this policy brief, we present findings of a systematic evaluation and ranking of investment options for Ghana’s agrifood system based on their cost-effectiveness in achieving multiple development outcomes, including agrifood gross domestic product (GDP) growth, agrifood job creation, poverty reduction, declining undernourishment, and lowering diet deprivation. Additionally, the study assesses their environmental footprints, focusing on water consumption, land use, and emissions. In Ghana, extension in agronomy and post-harvest food loss reduction are the most cost-effective ways to improve social outcomes, including notably reducing poverty and undernourishment levels. Meanwhile, advisory services in livestock and support to small and medium enterprise (SME) processors are highly ranked in accelerating agrifood GDP and employment. Moreover, extension services for agronomy and climate, and investments in mechanization are also highly ranked. However, many of these cost-effective investments come with relatively high environmental footprints, which highlights potential tradeoffs. The study further reveals shifts in the cost-effectiveness ranking of investment options over time and moderately so in the presence of extreme production shocks. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; development; investment; economic aspects; environmental impact |
| Date: | 2026–02–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:afsdcs:181872 |
| By: | Zhao, Jingyuan; Fulton, Lewis |
| Abstract: | This report presents a comparative assessment of seven zero-emission vehicle and near-zero-emission pathways for heavy-duty freight applications: battery fast charging, battery swapping, catenary electric road systems, inductive electric road systems, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles (H2ICEVs), and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles equipped with carbon capture and storage (ICEV-CCS). To enable a consistent system-level comparison, we develop a unified techno-economic modeling framework, SHIFT (Systemic Heavy-duty Infrastructure Framework for Transition), which quantifies and contrasts these pathways across multiple key performance indicators, including fuel cost, energy efficiency, levelized system cost, and levelized cost of transport, using a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation framework with bounded techno-economic parameter sampling. The simulations incorporate variations in fleet size, electricity pricing, infrastructure costs, and system efficiencies, generating 10, 080 stochastic realizations across technologies, duty cycles, and energy supply configurations. The analysis covers three representative freight applications: short-haul, regional-haul, and long-haul trucking, capturing duty-cycle-specific infrastructure and operational trade-offs. The results suggest that in the early deployment years (e.g., 2030), battery swapping and fast charging show greater potential to achieve lower levelized system costs under small-scale deployment conditions, primarily due to lower capital intensity and better scalability at low fleet utilization. In contrast, electric road systems require substantial initial infrastructure investment but demonstrate strong scalability in high-throughput freight corridors. Among these systems, catenary electric road systems become increasingly favorable for densely trafficked long-haul corridors by 2040, particularly when infrastructure is shared across large aggregated fleets. FCEVs remain economically challenging during early deployment phases, particularly at small scale, due to both vehicle and infrastructure costs. Their competitiveness improves primarily under conditions of rapid scale-up of hydrogen production and refueling infrastructure, higher station utilization, and access to low-cost renewable hydrogen enabled by favorable supply-chain configurations. H2ICEVs provide a transitional alternative by leveraging shared hydrogen refueling infrastructure while requiring lower vehicle capital costs, although their overall efficiency remains lower than that of fuel cell powertrains. More broadly, the long-term viability of hydrogen-based trucking depends critically on the evolution of the hydrogen supply system, with economics improving as low-cost hydrogen from off-grid renewable resources and high-utilization pipeline delivery networks become available. ICEVs equipped with CCS, operating on diesel fuel, represent a conditional decarbonization pathway toward near-zero-emission performance by reducing tailpipe CO2 emissions through on-board carbon capture. However, residual combustion emissions and incomplete capture prevent full zero-emission performance. Overall, these findings aim to offer strategic insights for transportation agencies, utilities, and industry stakeholders, supporting cost-effective infrastructure deployment, resilient energy planning, and targeted policy interventions to accelerate the transition to sustainable freight systems. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, zero-emission vehicles, heavy-duty, fast charging, swapping, catenary, inductive, hydrogen, electric road, levelized system cost, energy efficiency, well-to-wheel, infrastructure, policy, trucks |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1s30n0rf |
| By: | Duan, Yi (CPC Shangyou County Committee, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China) |
| Abstract: | The gap between ecosystem services valuation and practical monetization remains a persistent governance challenge, particularly in underdeveloped regions where ecological endowments are richest and fiscal capacity is weakest. This paper presents an in depth case study of Shangyou County, Jiangxi Province, China, which sequentially constructed an ecosystem services monetization architecture through four interlocking institutional mechanisms: (1) GEP/VEP accounting that rendered ecological value legible to financial actors; (2) a centralized state owned platform that consolidated scattered ecological resources; (3) market creating instruments, including China's first collapsed hill arable land indicator trade (RMB 344, 960), the nation's second soil and water conservation carbon sink trade (70, 000 tons CO₂e, RMB 2.1 million), and Jiangxi Province's largest VEP backed green loan (RMB 200 million); and (4) a zero carbon industrial park that anchored long term sustainability. Drawing on the IPBES framework of Nature's Contributions to People (NCP), the analysis reveals a cumulative sequential logic in which each mechanism created the preconditions for the next: measurement enabled consolidation, consolidation enabled market creation, and market creation provided the financial and policy foundation for industrial anchoring. The case contributes to the ecosystem services literature by demonstrating that the institutionalization of NCP is not a menu of independent options but a path dependent process in which sequencing determines outcomes. The findings carry implications for Payments for Ecosystem Services design, natural capital accounting, and the governance of green finance in developing economies. |
| Date: | 2026–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:e72w5_v1 |
| By: | Weber, Jeremy; McCoy, Shawn; Black, Katie Jo; Harleman, Max |
| Abstract: | Can turning an environmental hazard into an amenity help sustain communities facing industrial and population decline? We study Pennsylvania coal communities over three decades, estimating how mine-impaired waterways and their restoration affected population growth as mining and manufacturing declined regionally. We find that communities with mine-impaired waterways and no restoration had 4 percentage points less population growth than similar nearby communities, leading to depopulation for many. Even partial restoration offset this effect, with growth driven by college-educated individuals and those age 65 and older. The presence of mine water treatment systems, usually a series of wetlands and ponds, did not affect population growth apart from effects on water quality. In the face of major economic transitions, environmental restoration can help communities retain and attract residents, thereby advancing the goals of traditional place-based economic development incentives. |
| Keywords: | Mine Drainage; Amenities, Population, Coal, Pollution Mitigation |
| JEL: | O13 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129168 |
| By: | Gee Young OH (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Amid the accelerating global trends of green transformation (GX) to address climate change and digital transformation (DX) driven by technological progress, the need for an integrated approach to these two transitions has become increasingly important. In this context, the concept of green digital transformation, or the twin transformation, has emerged as a key policy agenda, defined as an approach that simultaneously promotes climate response through digital technologies and the decarbonization and greening of digital transformation itself.<p> Digital technologies can serve as powerful enablers of green transformation. They improve climate early warning systems, enhance energy efficiency, support smart grids, and facilitate more effective environmental monitoring. At the same time, however, digital transformation also generates new environmental pressures, including increased energy and water consumption and growing volumes of electronic waste. Such duality highlights the importance of pursuing digital and green transformation in an integrated manner rather than as separate policy agendas.<p> Although middle- and high-income developing countries are showing growing demand for both green and digital transformation, policy strategies and support mechanisms for integrated green digital transformation remain limited. To address this gap, Oh et al. (2025) proposes Korea’s international development cooperation strategies and policy directions for promoting green digital transformation as an initial step toward cooperation with developing countries. The purpose of this report is to present the main findings of Oh et al. (2025), which draws on international policy discussions, cross-country analyses, major donor strategies, and developing countries’ needs and constraints. |
| Keywords: | Digital transformation; Green transformation; Twin transformation; ODA |
| Date: | 2026–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022514 |
| By: | Qiu, Xincheng; Yoshida, Masahiro |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of climate change on the labor share. Combining newly constructed US county-industry-level labor shares with climate variables, we find that extreme temperatures reduce the labor share, with stronger effects in industries with higher climate exposure and automation potential. Extreme temperatures also accelerate robot adoption. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that the within-county-industry response to climate change accounts for 15% of the decline in labor share since 2000. Over the 20th century, however, the opposing effects of decreased cold days and increased hot days offset each other, consistent with the historical stability of labor share. |
| Keywords: | climate change, labor share, automation |
| JEL: | E25 Q54 O33 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1764 |
| By: | Paul, Arindam; Kumar Behera, Manash; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | Energy risks in the post-COVID-19 era pose significant challenges for human civilisation, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, which remains highly vulnerable to energy crises. Although renewable energy is widely regarded as a strategic response, empirical research examining the nexus between energy risks and the renewable energy transition in this region remains limited. This study addresses the gap by investigating the impacts of energy uncertainty and insecurity on renewable energy transition across nine Asia-Pacific economies from 1991-2021. Employing the method of moments quantile regression, the findings reveal that both energy risks accelerate the transition, with stronger effects observed at more advanced stages. Furthermore, GDP per capita and foreign direct investment facilitate the transition, while green innovation unexpectedly hinders progress, reflecting potential underinvestment in environmental technologies. Causality tests confirm a unidirectional relationship from energy transition to uncertainty. The results underscore the urgency of enhancing renewable infrastructure, storage capacity, and foreign investment. |
| Keywords: | Energy-related uncertainty; Energy insecurity; Energy transition; Method of moments quantile regression; Asia-Pacific |
| JEL: | C33 D81 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128214 |
| By: | Mishra, Abhijeet; Gabriel, Sherwin; Cenacchi, Nicola; Dunston, Shahnila; Hartley, Faaiqa; Robertson, Richard D.; Robinson, Sherman; Sulser, Timothy B.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Wiebe, Keith D.; Rosegrant, Mark W. |
| Abstract: | The International Food Policy Research Institute’s IMPACT model is a robust tool for analyzing global and regional challenges in food, agriculture, and natural resources. Continuously updated and refined since its initial development in the early 1990s, IMPACT version 4 represents the latest iteration of the model, offering an enhanced treatment of complex issues such as climate change, food security, and economic development. IMPACT 4 modeling system integrates climate, crop simulation, and water models into a comprehensive system, providing decision-makers with a flexible platform to assess the potential impacts of various scenarios on biophysical systems, socioeconomic trends, technologies, and policies. |
| Keywords: | modelling; ex ante impact assessment; economic analysis; agriculture; international trade; food security; climate change; hydrology; water management; water stress; crop modelling |
| Date: | 2026–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:182731 |
| By: | ZENAGUI, Sid Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a spatial Overlapping Generations (OLG) model to analyze the interactions between human capital, environmental quality, and regional dynamics in shaping intergenerational quality of life (QoL) across European regions from 2000 to 2025. Using a rich dataset of regional economic, social, and environmental indicators harmonized at the NUTS-2 level, the model incorporates human capital and pollution spillovers, household utility, and regional policy interventions. Empirical results reveal that intergenerational persistence of human capital and environmental externalities significantly influence long-term welfare, while spatial interactions reinforce core–periphery disparities. Counterfactual simulations of education investments, carbon pricing, green R&D, and EU cohesion policies demonstrate that integrated multi-sector interventions maximize aggregate welfare, reduce inequality, and enhance spatial convergence. The findings highlight important policy trade-offs across generations and underscore the relevance of coordinated environmental, educational, and redistribution policies for sustainable and equitable regional development. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational Quality of Life, Human Capital, Environmental Externalities, Spatial Spillovers, Overlapping Generations Model, EU Regional Policy |
| JEL: | A10 O1 O47 |
| Date: | 2026–03–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128732 |
| By: | Jean-Guillaume Sahuc; Barbara Annicchiarico; Gauthier Vermandel |
| Abstract: | We study the intergenerational distributional effects of carbon pricing during the green transition in an overlapping-generations New Keynesian model calibrated to euro-area household micro data. Climate policy generates systematic redistribution across cohorts through two channels: a labor-income channel, driven by wage compression and lower labor demand, and a financial-wealth channel, driven by asset revaluation and higher real returns. The labor- income channel dominates quantitatively , generating persistent welfare losses of up to 6 percent in permanent-consumption equivalents for working-age households, while retirees experience comparable gains. Revenue recycling can mitigate these asymmetries, requiring 40 to 68 per- cent of carbon-tax revenues to be directed toward financial-income tax relief. Monetary policy has limited influence on the overall redistributive pattern. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy , carbon pricing, intergenerational redistribution, overlapping generations, fiscal policy , New Keynesian model |
| JEL: | E21 E32 E52 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-11 |
| By: | Jukwan Lee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | The global trade environment is rapidly shifting due to the deepening climate crisis and escalating protectionism, characterized by major nations implementing unilateral trade measures—such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the U.S.'s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)—that prioritize domestic economic interests. In response to this trend, international cooperation is evolving into new forms, notably the Green Economy Agreement (GEA), which seeks to pursue both climate crisis response and economic growth simultaneously. This study confirms the necessity of establishing a Korean-style GEA roadmap to effectively manage the evolving nexus of global climate-trade measures. Korea, with its large manufacturing sector, faces the critical dual challenge of achieving carbon neutrality while securing industrial competitiveness. GEAs serve as a crucial mechanism for enhancing strategic cooperation, ensuring climate policy continuity against domestic political volatility (acting as a 'policy anchor'), and generating new market opportunities. The key objectives of this study are: first, to systematically analyze the definition, status, and features of existing GEAs globally and in Korea; second, empirically evaluate the economic impact of GEA elements on Korean exports and the macroeconomy; and third, propose a comprehensive, phased roadmap and implementation strategy (short, medium, and long term) based on a strategic modular GEA model. |
| Keywords: | Green; climate change; trade; agreement |
| Date: | 2025–11–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022501 |
| By: | Syed, Zoha; Omair, Talha Bin; Aamir, Yunma; Mirani, Saira; Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This research investigates the impact of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices namely green recruitment and selection, green training and green pay and reward on green employee behavior in Pakistan SME manufacturing firms. The mediating effect of green work engagement, i.e; employees' passion and commitment to green work tasks, is the center of attraction. Data were gathered from 102 workers with a standardized questionnaire. Findings indicate that although awareness about green practices is present, it is not being implemented. But when GHRM practices are properly implemented, they have a great impact on employee engagement and encourage green behavior. The research indicates that formal green HR strategies are crucial to improve environmental performance and motivation. |
| Keywords: | Human Resource Management, Green HRM, Green HR practices, Green Work Engagement, Green Employee Behavior, Organizational Green Performance, Green Training, Green Recruitment & Selection, Green Pay & Reward |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:341024 |
| By: | Serrano Rodriguez, Enrique; Barmes, David; Nino Corredor, Alejandra |
| Abstract: | Central banks are increasingly integrating climate considerations into collateral frameworks, with the climate factor proposed by the European Central Bank (ECB) representing the most recent and novel development in this space. Scheduled for implementation in June 2026, the climate factor introduces adjustments to collateral valuations based on assets’ exposure to uncertainties around the low-carbon transition. We examine the climate factor’s design and scope, outlining the riskbased case for extending it to credit claims, asset-backed securities (ABS), covered bank bonds and sovereign bonds. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–05–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138616 |
| By: | Ali, Amjad; Haider, Ali; Senturk, Ismail |
| Abstract: | This study examines the extent to which climate risk disclosure and company valuation are related to large-cap companies in the S&P 500 index. Using an analytical sample of 110 companies from 11 sectors, we constructed a composite score of climate risk disclosures in which firms earned between zero and four points, as defined by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. These four key pillars are governance, strategy, risk management, and climate-related metrics and targets; the score captures disclosures based on their depth as well as quality. Using multivariate regression models, we investigate how climate risk disclosure quality relates to two measures of firm valuation: market capitalization measured on a log-transformed scale and the price-to-book ratio, while controlling for other firm characteristics such as size, profitability, leverage, carbon emissions, audit quality, board independence, and industry fixed effects. The study finds a strong positive relationship between higher climate risk disclosure scores and higher firm valuation. Price-book ratio model does not reveal significant results for the disclosure score; the fixed effect model indicates a positive relationship, which means that investors with firm-specific differences tend to reward climate transparency better. The interaction model explains that this effect is accentuated in high-emission industries such as energy, utilities, and basic materials, indicating that pollution-intensive sectors are more sensitive to climate disclosure. Thus, these findings lend credence to signaling theory, stakeholder theory, and legitimacy theory, all of which underpin that high-quality disclosures reflect managerial competency, corporate legitimacy, and strategic foresight. The findings bear implications for corporate managers, institutional investors, and policymakers who advocate for standardized and high-quality climate risk reporting across sectors. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk Disclosure, Firm Valuation, ESG |
| JEL: | D20 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128754 |
| By: | Nishijima, Marislei (University of Sao Paolo, Brazil); Pal, Sarmistha (University of Surrey) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether left-leaning politicians are more effective than their right-leaning counterparts in reducing deforestation in the Legal Amazon in Brazil. Using data from 760 Amazon municipalities and a regression discontinuity approach based on close elections, it finds that leftist mayors tend to increase environmental spending always and may reduce deforestation, though the latter effect are uneven and do not extend to reforestation outcomes. Their impact is stronger in contexts with fewer coalition constraints, greater fiscal autonomy, and certain geographic or political conditions. While electoral dynamics often bring environmentally focused candidates to power in high-risk areas, structural and economic pressures limit mayoral ability to achieve sustained reductions in forest loss. Overall, the findings highlight both the potential and the constraints of decentralised governance in advancing environmental protection and carry implications for subnational environmental policy not only in Brazil, but also beyond its border. |
| Keywords: | political ideology, leftist mayors, deforestation, reforestation, close elections, regression discontinuity design, local democracy, Brazil |
| JEL: | H77 Q56 R14 P44 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18659 |
| By: | Batabyal, Amitrajeet; Yoo, Seung Jick |
| Abstract: | We analyze the role of regular elections in ensuring water pollution cleanup in the Ganges river in a north Indian city. Our central result is that, in the absence of elections, politicians have no incentive to undertake pollution cleanup, leading to poor environmental outcomes. In contrast, when elections are present, retrospective voting by a representative voter, who re-elects incumbents only if observed cleanup exceeds a threshold, can effectively discipline politicians. We show that this threshold strategy induces politicians to choose positive levels of pollution abatement in equilibrium. By explicitly characterizing the optimization problems of the politician, the voter, and the resulting equilibrium, we demonstrate that electoral accountability can serve as a powerful mechanism for improving water quality in the Ganges. Our findings highlight the critical role of democratic institutions in mitigating environmental externalities in developing country contexts. |
| Keywords: | Election, Ganges River, Pollution Cleanup, Retrospective Voting |
| JEL: | C72 D72 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–01–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128634 |
| By: | Gee Young Oh (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Yoon Jae Ro (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Ji Hyun Park (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Jihei Song (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Minhee Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Hanbyeol Jang (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 보고서에서는 기후변화 대응을 위한 그린 전환과 기술 발전에 기반한 디지털 전환이라는 국제적 흐름 속에서, 두 전환의 연계와 시너지를 강조하는 ‘그린디지털 전환’을 위한 한국의 개발협력 방안을 도출하고자 한다. 디지털 기술은 기상·재난 조기경보, 에너지 효율화, 스마트그리드 등에서 그린 전환을 가속하는 한편, 데이터센터 전력소비와 전자폐기물 증가 등 새로운 탄소배출 및 환경 부담을 동반한다. 이러한 양면성으로 두 전환을 병렬적으로 다루는 접근이 아닌 통합적 접근이 필요하며, 그린디지털 전환에서의 ‘디지털을 활용한 기후대응(by digital)’뿐 아니라 ‘디지털 전환 자체의 탈탄소·친환경화(of digital)’에 대한 균형 잡힌 고민이 필요하다. 이 와중에 소득이 높은 개발도상국일수록 그린과 디지털 전환에 대한 수요가 모두 높은 가운데, 개발도상국 관점에서의 그린디지털 전환 전략과 지원은 아직 초기 단계에 머물러 있다.‘디지털 전환 자체의 탈탄소·친환경화’에 대한 논의는 상대적으로 미흡한 상황이다. Amid accelerating global trend of green transformation to address climate change and digital transformation driven by technological progress, this report proposes Korea’s development cooperation strategies to promote an integrated green digital transformation in developing countries. Digital technologies are powerful enablers of green transformation—enhancing climate early warning systems, improving energy efficiency, and advancing smart grids—yet they also create new environmental pressures, such as rising energy demand and electronic waste. This duality calls for an integrated approach – the “green digital transformation” - that simultaneously advances “climate response by digital technologies” and the “decarbonization and greening of digital transformation” itself. |
| Keywords: | Korea’s Cooperation Approach;Green Digital Transformation;Developing Countries;ODA;ICT economy |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:022526 |
| By: | Eunsuk Lee (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Gee Young Oh (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Jisun Jeong (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Yerim Lee (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Yu Ri Kim (HANYANG UNIVERSITY) |
| Abstract: | 기후위기가 전 세계적으로 심화되고 개발도상국의 취약성과 대응역량 간 격차가 확대되는 상황에서 ‘회복탄력성(resilience)’은 국제개발협력의 핵심 개념으로 부상하고 있으나, 실제 정책･사업 전반에서 회복탄력성이 정교하게 개념화되거나 체계적으로 적용되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제의식을 바탕으로 ‘기후 회복탄력성(climate resilience)’의 개념을 개발협력 맥락에서 체계적으로 재정립하고, 기후 회복탄력성의 측정 방법과 국제사회의 접근 방식, 한국 ODA의 현황과 제약을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 한국의 개발협력에 실질적으로 적용 가능한 구조적･제도적 개선 방안을 제시하는 데 중점을 두었다. As climate change intensifies globally, developing countries face increasingly complex and compounding challenges. Widening gaps between their exposure to climate risks and their capacity to respond threaten to reverse decades of development gains and undermine sustainable development pathways. In this context, 'climate resilience' has emerged as a central concept in development cooperation, encompassing not only the capacity to withstand climate shocks but also the ability to adapt and pursue transformative change in response to long-term climate stress. Despite its growing prominence in international discourse, however, the concept has not been sufficiently translated into operational frameworks and measurable practices. Within Korea's ODA system in particular, climate resilience has yet to be systematically developed as an analytical and operational framework: it frequently appears in policy language and project titles without being meaningfully embedded in strategic design, results frameworks, or performance management. This conceptual ambiguity limits the effectiveness of climate resilience investments and undermines accountability for results. |
| Keywords: | Climate Resilience;Development Cooperation;Concepts;Measurement;Policy Directions for Korea;ODA |
| Date: | 2026–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:022538 |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Baltar, Fabiola; Antonelli, Nicolás; Sirochinsky, Eugenia |
| Abstract: | As a result of the profound changes in purchasing patterns driven by younger generations who are more conscious and responsible for what is produced and consumed, together with the health crises that brought food safety to the center of the debate, the demands on production models have evolved towards more sustainable and circular schemes. In this context, the fishing industry finds in the circular economy (CE) paradigm a strategic vehicle for the generation of value, with a remarkable potential in the reuse of waste, diversification of by-products and generation of renewable energy from organic waste. |
| Keywords: | Industria Pesquera; Economía Circular; Sostenibilidad; Cadena de Valor; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4517 |
| By: | Eunmi Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Soeun Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 국제사회는 탄소중립 목표를 달성하려면 기후기술의 혁신이 전제되어야 한다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 그동안 기후재원과 청정에너지 투자 규모는 확대되어 왔으며, 최근 기후기술과 타 분야 기술(AI 등)이 결합된 새로운 시장이 빠르게 성장하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기후기술 혁신을 이끌어갈 수 있는 대표적인 경제주체인 스타트업의 성장과 해외진출에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 기후기술 스타트업은 ‘온실가스 감축 또는 기후변화 적응에 기여하는 기술과 연관된 혁신적인 아이디어나 비즈니스 모델을 보유하고 있으면서 업력이 10년 이하인 비상장 기업’을 의미한다. 해당 정의를 토대로 기술 선도국 정부의 정책뿐 아니라 유망 기후기술 스타트업의 성공 사례를 검토하고, 우리나라 기후기술 스타트업 생태계 및 R&D 지원 사업의 효과를 분석한 결과를 종합하여 시사점을 도출하였다. Carbon neutrality, as a long-term goal of the international community, can only be achieved through innovation in climate technologies. The scale of climate finance and clean energy investments has continued to grow, with new markets recently emerging through the convergence of climate technologies with other advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). In this context, this study focuses on the growth and global expansion of startups, which are key economic players capable of driving innovation in climate technologies. In the study, a climate tech startup is defined as an unlisted company established within the past 10 years that has innovative ideas or business models related to technologies contributing to greenhouse gas reduction or climate change adaptation. Based on this definition, the study examines not only the roles of government support in leading countries but also success stories of promising climate tech startups. It also analyzes the ecosystem for climate tech startups and the effectiveness of R&D support programs in Korea, ultimately deriving policy implications for Korea. |
| Keywords: | Climate Tech;Startups;Global Expansion;Environmental Policy;Globalization |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022547 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Basma Taieb (EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Yihan Wang (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Ana Semedo (Ilexpansions, France); Said Aboubaker Ettis (UJ - University of Jeddah [Arabie Saoudite]); Panagiota Papadopoulou (NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); Kayo Iizuka (Senshu University); Jing Wang (Srinakharinwirot University); Amber Chatelain (Midway University); Álvaro Rocha (ISEG, Technical University of Lisbon); Chin-Ching Yin (Tapei Tech - National Taipei University of Technology); Fawzi Dekhil (UTM - Tunis El Manar University [University of Tunis El Manar] [Tunisia] = Université de Tunis El Manar [Tunisie] = جامعة تونس المنار (ar)) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between environmental awareness, cultural dimensions, and the acceptance of sustainable AI practices among university students. Drawing on survey data from approximately 1, 126 students across eleven countries, we examine how students perceive the environmental costs of Generative AI (GenAI) and how national culture moderates the link between environmental awareness and willingness to adopt usage quotas. Results from logistic regression analyses reveal that concrete environmental awareness and prior sustainable behaviors are strong predictors of quota acceptance. However, cultural dimensions—specifically power distance, individualism, and long-term orientation—significantly moderate this relationship, weakening the effect of awareness in hierarchical, individualistic, and long-termoriented cultures. The findings highlight that a one-size-fits-all approach to promoting sustainable AI is ineffective; instead, strategies must be culturally adapted to align with deeply held societal values. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude examine la relation entre la sensibilisation environnementale, les dimensions culturelles et l'acceptation des pratiques d'IA durable chez les étudiants universitaires. À partir des données d'une enquête menée auprès d'environ 1 126 étudiants dans onze pays, nous analysons comment les étudiants perçoivent les coûts environnementaux de l'IA générative (GenAI) et comment la culture nationale module le lien entre la sensibilisation environnementale et la volonté d'adopter des quotas d'utilisation. Les résultats des analyses de régression logistique révèlent qu'une sensibilisation environnementale concrète et des comportements durables antérieurs sont de puissants prédicteurs de l'acceptation des quotas. Cependant, les dimensions culturelles – en particulier la distance hiérarchique, l'individualisme et l'orientation à long terme – modulent significativement cette relation, atténuant l'effet de la sensibilisation dans les cultures hiérarchiques, individualistes et orientées vers le long terme. Ces résultats soulignent qu'une approche uniforme de la promotion de l'IA durable est inefficace ; les stratégies doivent être adaptées culturellement afin de correspondre aux valeurs sociétales profondément ancrées. |
| Keywords: | Digital Sustainability, Responsible AI Use, Data Privacy, AI Data Governance, Information Security, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, Environmental Awareness, Generative AI, Cross-cultural study, Sustainable AI |
| Date: | 2025–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05630335 |
| By: | Jarvis, Stephen |
| Abstract: | Large infrastructure projects have important social benefits but can also prompt strong local opposition. I estimate the economic costs of NIMBY (not in my backyard) attitudes and local planning restrictions by studying renewable energy projects. Using data on thousands of permitting applications, I show that wind and solar projects can have highly heterogeneous impacts depending on their characteristics and location. In some cases this includes significant external local costs, and I conduct a hedonic analysis to quantify the impact on nearby property values. I then show that planning officials are particularly sensitive to these local costs, especially when wealthy residents are affected. This often comes at the expense of considering the wider social benefits of these projects. These biases in the permitting process create inefficiencies that increased costs and led to substantial underinvestment in renewable energy. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy; infrastructure; NIMBY; permitting |
| JEL: | R11 R52 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125611 |
| By: | Crawford, Ben; Dumas, Marion; Green, Fergus; Garcia, Xaquin; Treichel-Glass, Katja |
| Abstract: | Climate policy measures and the energy transition present challenges for unions beyond the traditional scope of collective bargaining and social dialogue. Union responses to policies to phase out internal combustion engines must simultaneously address climate, environmental and industrial policy issues, and influence decision-making within multinational corporations and the web of supply chain firms that participate in production. Studies point to the need for capacity building to enable unions to respond to these complex challenges. Nevertheless, the nature of the union ‘capacity’ to be mobilised in climate responses, and how this is developing in diverse institutional contexts, remains unclear. Building on Richard Hyman’s concept of ‘strategic capacity’, the article explores how different dimensions of union capacity are mobilised to respond to challenges posed by internal combustion engine phase-out policies. This article draws on a study that maps trade unions’ responses to such policies in the United Kingdom and two EU countries. |
| Keywords: | auto sector; decarbonisation; just transition; trade unions |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137980 |
| By: | Maria Cristina Pietronudo (PARTHENOPE - Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope” = University of Naples); Francesco Schiavone (Audencia Business School); Fabian Bernhard (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL); Octavio Escobar (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how platform logics -connectivity, sharing, and integration -enable sustainability practices within firms and across value chains. Adopting a meso-level organizational perspective, we investigate how nonnative sustainable platforms may activate sustainability practices through their underlying logics rather than explicit sustainability design. Drawing on a theory-informed abductive case study of Agritrack, a digital platform in the agricultural sector, we show that connectivity primarily enables collaborative sustainability initiatives, sharing supports both collaborative and transparency-based monitoring practices, and integration embeds coordinated optimization routines across interconnected actors. We further demonstrate that circular-oriented configurations emerge from the combined activation of these logics, contributing to narrowing resource flows through input optimization and waste reduction, and slowing resources degradation processes. By linking platform logics to observable sustainability and circular-oriented practices, the study advances research and practices on platformization, sustainability, and circular economy transitions. |
| Keywords: | Platform, Sustainability, Agribusiness, Circular economy |
| Date: | 2026–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05629062 |
| By: | Nauman, Khalida; Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the influence of green human resource management (GHRM) practices on employees' in-role and extra-role green behaviors in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Karachi, Pakistan. The research examines the direct effects of Green Recruitment and Selection (GRS), Green Training and Development (GTD), and Green Compensation and Benefits (GCB), the mediating role of Green Organizational Culture (GOC), and the moderating effects of Top Management Commitment (TMC), Transformational Leadership (TL), and Employee Green Passion (EGP). Data were collected from 190 employees using purposive sampling and analyzed with structural equation modeling via SmartPLS. Results reveal that GTD significantly enhances in-role green performance, while GRS and GCB have no significant direct effects on employee green behaviors. Mediation analysis shows that GOC does not significantly transmit the effects of GHRM practices. Moderation analysis indicates that TMC strengthens the relationship between GRS and extra-role green behavior, whereas TL positively moderates the GTD-extra-role green behavior link and negatively moderates GRS effects. EGP did not exhibit significant moderating effects. The findings highlight the critical role of training and leadership in promoting sustainable employee behaviors in SMEs, while organizational culture and intrinsic motivation have limited influence in this context. |
| Keywords: | Green Human Resource Management, Employee Green Behavior, Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Top Management Commitment, SMEs, Pakistan |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:341065 |
| By: | Mustafi, Sourish; Roychowdhury, Punarjit |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of early-life exposure to extreme heat on children's learning achievement in India. Exploiting within-district, across-cohort variation in early-life temperature exposure, we find that greater exposure to extreme heat significantly reduces reading, writing, and mathematics achievement in later childhood. These findings remain robust across a battery of robustness checks. We further show that early-life heat exposure adversely affects children's physical development, especially among children from households with limited coping capacity and those exposed to poorer disease environments, suggesting these channels play an important role in shaping later learning achievement. Finally, projections based on future climate scenarios indicate that continued warming is likely to exacerbate human capital losses in India. These findings highlight the persistent influence of early-life climate conditions on human capital formation and underscore the importance of incorporating climate resilience into education and early childhood policy in low- and middle-income countries. |
| Keywords: | Early-life, Human Capital, Heat, Learning Achievement, Temperature, India |
| JEL: | I25 Q54 O15 J13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1762 |
| By: | Walter, Philipp; Brune, Niclas |
| Abstract: | The rising demand for digital resilience calls for strong cybersecurity measures, e.g. real-time analytics and encryption. These security operations are essential for protection but have made security a significant factor in the energy use of digital infrastructure, yet these issues are often overlooked. This study addresses this gap by developing an adaptive green anomaly detection system (GADS) that balances security performance with environmental efficiency. Using a Design Science Research approach grounded in the Belief-Action-Outcome framework and Affordance Theory, GADS integrates sustainability considerations into all stages of the anomaly detection lifecycle. Through detection mechanisms and a governance layer, it enables organizations to identify and manage trade-offs between protection strength and energy consumption. Developed through three iterative design cycles combining theoretical synthesis, focus group sessions (N=16), and prototype evaluation, GADS contributes validated design principles for green cybersecurity, advancing the discourse on sustainable cybersecurity and extending Green Information System theory to security operations. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:160161 |
| By: | Joo Hye Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Pyoung Seob Yang (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 탄소중립 실현을 위해 태양광 패널, 풍력 터빈 등 재생에너지 발전과 전기차(배터리) 보급이 전 세계적으로 확대되면서 이 제품들의 원료인 핵심광물에 대한 수요가 급증하고 있다. 문제는 중국이 채굴(원광·정광)부터 정·제련(기초·가공 금속), 재자원화(스크랩)에 이르기까지 글로벌 핵심광물 공급망 전 단계에서 주도적인 위치를 차지하고 있다는 점이다. 특히 정·제련 분야에서 중국의 영향력은 압도적이며, 채굴 단계에서도 일부 광물에 대해 상당한 지배력을 행사하고 있다. 이에 미국, EU, 일본 등 주요국과 함께 한국정부도 대중국 의존도 축소(탈중국)와 에너지 구조 전환(탈탄소)을 목표로 핵심광물의 공급 안정화 전략을 강화하고 있다. 특히 한국은 전기차 배터리와 반도체 등 첨단산업의 주요 제조국임에도, 리튬·코발트·니켈 등 핵심광물 정·제련 제품의 대중국 수입의존도가 70%를 넘어 공급망 취약성이 높다. Together with the global expansion of projects to realize carbon neutrality, demand for key minerals—used as raw materials for renewable energy power generation such as solar panels and wind turbines, as well as for electric vehicles (batteries)—is rapidly increasing. One major concern is that China holds a dominant position across all stages of the global critical minerals supply chain, from mining (ore and concentrate) to refining and smelting (basic and processed metals), and recycling (scrap). In particular, China’s influence in the refining and smelting sector is overwhelming, and the nation also exerts significant control over the mining stage for certain minerals. In response, major countries including the United States, the EU, Japan, and the Korean government are strategically working to establish stable supply chains in this area, aiming to reduce reliance on China (de-Chinaization) and to transition energy structures towards decarbonization. Notably, although Korea is a major manufacturer in advanced industries such as electric vehicle batteries and semiconductors, its dependence on China for refined and processed products of critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel exceeds 70%, posing significant vulnerabilities in its supply chain. |
| Keywords: | China;Critical Mineral;Supply Chain;Economic Security;Economic Cooperation |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022545 |
| By: | Chahine, Marie |
| Abstract: | This research paper presents a strategic economic model aimed at addressing dual structural challenges: demographic crises and food insecurity. Focusing on Japan as a prime example of an advanced economy, the study underscores the necessity of sustainable partnerships to mitigate such pressures. The paper proposes the "Global Resource Rings" methodology as a robust alternative to traditional debt-based models, replacing reliance on foreign exchange with a "Resource-Based Credit" system that facilitates the exchange of advanced technology for agricultural and environmental resources. The study employs a theoretical framework that integrates the "Total Sovereign Harmony Equation" (TUSH) as a tool for internal governance, alongside "Resource Engineering" as a mechanism for international exchange. It presents an empirical model linking Japanese technology to the productive capacities in Lebanon. The paper concludes that achieving true economic sovereignty requires a structural shift from a consumption-oriented model to a "production economy, " wherein national burdens—such as waste and surplus raw materials—are transformed into strategic assets for sustainable development. These findings confirm that such systematic integration fosters a resilient economy capable of absorbing global shocks, providing a practical roadmap for cross-border strategic partnerships. |
| Keywords: | Economic Sovereignty; Resource Engineering; TUSH Equation; Circular Economy; Global Resource Rings; Sustainable Trade; Demographic Resilience; Barter Systems |
| JEL: | F13 F52 N55 O13 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–05–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129259 |
| By: | Han-Teng Liao; Chang-Yi Kao |
| Abstract: | As the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) approaches, the global semiconductor value chain faces growing structural tensions between regulatory transparency and data sovereignty. This article proposes a RegTech reference architecture using the International Data Spaces (IDSA) framework to orchestrate trustworthy environmental telemetry across the semiconductor-petrochemical nexus. The framework distinguishes the mandatory CBAM requirements from voluntary Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) frameworks, while addressing the additive complexities of the Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design (SSbD) framework. Moving beyond standard linear technology stacks, we introduce a prospective roadmapping methodology that transforms upstream physical vulnerabilities into circular, negative feedback loops. Focusing on the Taipei and Penang technology corridor, the article details how sovereign data exchange enables Digital Product Passports (DPPs) to drive Global Business Services (GBSs) capability demands. Finally, we discuss the integration of Agentic AI for autonomous compliance and FinTech green financing, providing a scalable blueprint for global industrial clusters to achieve sovereign, sustainable, and transparent value chains. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2606.12788 |
| By: | Mohapatra, Souryabrata; Paltasingh, Kirtti Ranjan; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Mohanty, Pritisudha |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the intricate interplay between farm mechanisation, climate change and rural farm wages across genders in India. By employing panel regression models on district-level data for 26 years, our findings reveal that both physical (density of tractors, power tillers, pump sets) and structural (cropping and irrigation intensity) farm mechanisation positively impact farm wages for both genders. However, chemical mechanisation, specifically intensive fertiliser use, negatively influences female wage rates while positively affecting male wages. Additionally, climatic risks, such as high temperatures and deviations in rainfall, have significantly detrimental effects on farm wages. Considering other socioeconomic factors, our study identifies that occupational diversity and access to banks positively influence farm wages, while gender literacy gaps have a negative impact. The policy implication derived from our research advocates the promotion of all three forms of farm mechanisation to enhance productivity. However, this mechanisation should be tailored to adapt to evolving climate conditions and social and gender-specific needs, ensuring a balanced and inclusive approach to agricultural development. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Farm Mechanisation, Gender Wages, India |
| JEL: | J16 O33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128469 |
| By: | Tahir, Sumiya; Audi, Marc; Ali, Amjad |
| Abstract: | This paper examined the effect of green and brown foreign direct investment on economic growth in ten Central and Eastern European countries. It also examines how trade openness, inflation, and consumption of renewable energy determine long and short-term economic performance, and the asymmetric impacts of foreign direct investment composition are also highlighted. The Annual data between 1995 and 2024 was estimated by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models to estimate the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. To establish the order of integration, stationarity tests, such as the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron, were performed. The analysis of cointegration and asymmetry effects was done to measure the relative contribution of green and brown foreign direct investment to GDP growth. Empirical evidence shows that the impact of green foreign direct investment on the GDP is positive and statistically significant both in the long-term and in the short-term (effective only limited or even negative) in the short-term. Trade openness and the consumption of renewable energy have a positive effect on the growth of the economy, which shows the advantages of entering global markets and producing low-carbon technologies. Inflation negatively impacts the GDP, which proves the significance of macroeconomic stability in investment productivity. The results of the analysis also indicate a cointegration relationship amongst variables in the long run, and the asymmetric tests indicate that positive inflows of green foreign direct investment have stronger growth effects compared to the similar effects of reductions. The paper highlights how green foreign direct investment should be encouraged with strategic significance to support the long-term economic growth of transition economies. The policy measures that promote environment-based investments, trade facilitation strategy, and energy transition strategies have a significant impact on the attainment of low-carbon and inclusive development. The findings suggest that policy frameworks should prioritize environmentally sustainable investment and strengthen renewable energy transitions to achieve long-term economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Green Foreign Direct Investment, Brown Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Inflation, Renewable Energy, Central and Eastern Europe |
| JEL: | F21 O4 Q3 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128997 |
| By: | Koyratty, Nadia; Marshall, Quinn; Kumar, Neha; Silva, Renuka; Hemachandra, Dilini; Hess, Sonja Y.; Aheeyar, Mohamed; Olney, Deanna K. |
| Abstract: | Inadequate diets are a major contributor to malnutrition and the leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake contributes significantly to these burdens. F&Vs are essential sources of micronutrients, and their production has a lower environmental footprint compared to other nutrient-dense foods, making them critical for both health and sustainability. Despite these well-documented benefits, global F&V intake remains below the recommended 400 grams (about 5 servings) per person per day. This is particularly true in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where less than 20% of adults meet this target. This is likely due to a complex interplay of factors including availability, affordability, accessibility, and other context-specific barriers. Narrowing F&V intake gaps requires a nuanced understanding of the interconnected factors influencing their consumption. The approach must be comprehensive and encompass addressing factors across the food system. Generating high-quality, context-specific evidence on these factors is essential to designing effective strategies that enhance F&V desirability, affordability, accessibility, and availability, ultimately supporting healthier, more sustainable diets. |
| Keywords: | fruits; vegetables; food intake; food production; project evaluation; Sri Lanka; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2026–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:181539 |
| By: | Walter Desiderá (IPEA) |
| Keywords: | SDGs; sustainable development goals; network analysis; methodological insights; interlinkages |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:idopen:010 |
| By: | Chen, Hua; Yuan, Zizhen; Zhang, Zheyuan |
| Abstract: | This paper provides novel evidence on how public disclosure of air pollution information affects private health insurance demand. Exploring the staggered rollout of China's real-time air pollution monitoring and disclosure program as a quasi-natural experiment, we combine household-level survey data with satellite-based pollution measures and estimate a difference-in-differences model. We find that when pollution information becomes publicly available, higher pollution levels significantly increase the likelihood of purchasing private health insurance. A one-unit increase in aerosol optical depth raises insurance coverage by about 2.2 percentage points, an economically meaningful effect given the low baseline coverage rate. The effect is robust to alternative specifications, individual fixed effects, and placebo tests. Mechanism analyses show that the response is driven by heightened pollution risk perception and health concerns rather than income or labor supply effects. The effect is stronger among more risk-averse, less educated individuals and those with lower trust in insurance. The results highlight the role of external information in shaping financial behavior and health risk management decisions. |
| Keywords: | Environmental information, Financial decisions, Private health insurance, Risk perception |
| JEL: | I13 Q53 I18 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1767 |
| By: | Liao, Han-Teng; Ang, Karen |
| Abstract: | Global Business Services (GBS) have emerged as a "living laboratory" for the Twin Transition of Green and Digital Transformation, as multinational corporations (MNCs) face increasing pressure to harmonize digital efficiency with environmental stewardship. Aiming to derive a socio-technical framework, this paper synthesizes Technology Roadmapping (TRM) with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ICT-centric innovation ecosystem toolkit. A bibliometric analysis of research clusters reveals an evolutionary shift from basic process automation toward "Sustainable Intelligence, " identifying the GBS unit as a central "operational airlock" that mediates between landscape pressures—such as the EU’s dual mandate and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms—and niche innovations in AI-native workflows. The study further maps these clusters onto a stakeholder engagement canvas, highlighting how resilient "Middle Power" hubs in Poland, Portugal, and Malaysia are bypassing the middle-income trap to provide a "third way" for global value chains amidst a bifurcated geopolitical cloud. The results offer a data-driven design approach for leaders and entrepreneurial support networks to orchestrate talent and supply chain flows, thereby enriching the conceptual understanding of Industry 5.0 and the role of GBS as a primary mechanism for navigating a volatile, multipolar digital economy. |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ktcxd_v1 |
| By: | Zhu, Mingyu; Zhao, Qunshan; Jin, Jiayi |
| Abstract: | Urban overheating is increasingly recognised as a major public health challenge under climate change, yet existing frameworks remain heavily focused on acute medical risk and clinically vulnerable populations. This paper introduces \textit{hidden vulnerability} to describe a broader population who remain socially and economically active under ordinary conditions but experience progressive destabilisation during sustained indoor heat exposure. Drawing on a sensor-enhanced longitudinal housing survey in Southwark, London during the summer of 2023, combining indoor environmental monitoring with weekly health and wellbeing questionnaires, the study examines how overheating affects everyday urban life. The findings reveal that impacts extended well beyond thermal discomfort. Participants described cascading disruptions across physical, functional, and psychological domains, sleep loss, exhaustion, impaired self-care, reduced concentration, emotional strain, and increased caring burdens, that interacted and reinforced one another, progressively eroding the capacity to maintain ordinary routines. Critically, these processes were observed not only among participants with chronic conditions but also among those without formally recognised health vulnerabilities, suggesting that the threshold for destabilisation is lower, and more widely distributed, than existing frameworks assume. The paper argues that hidden vulnerability is an urban condition, produced by the intersection of housing quality, social infrastructure, and accumulated disadvantage. The response calls for a conceptual framework for redefining heat vulnerability beyond demographic and clinical categories, and an empirical foundation for a social cure approach to urban heat governance. |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:yjebp_v1 |
| By: | Han-Teng Liao; Karen Ang |
| Abstract: | Global Business Services (GBS) have emerged as a "living laboratory" for the Twin Transition of Green and Digital Transformation, as multinational corporations (MNCs) face increasing pressure to harmonize digital efficiency with environmental stewardship. Aiming to derive a socio-technical framework, this paper synthesizes Technology Roadmapping (TRM) with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ICT-centric innovation ecosystem toolkit. A bibliometric analysis of research clusters reveals an evolutionary shift from basic process automation toward "Sustainable Intelligence, " identifying the GBS unit as a central "operational airlock" that mediates between landscape pressures -- such as the EU's dual mandate and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms -- and niche innovations in AI-native workflows. The study further maps these clusters onto a stakeholder engagement canvas, highlighting how resilient "Middle Power" hubs in Poland, Portugal, and Malaysia are bypassing the middle-income trap to provide a "third way" for global value chains amidst a bifurcated geopolitical cloud. The results offer a data-driven design approach for leaders and entrepreneurial support networks to orchestrate talent and supply chain flows, thereby enriching the conceptual understanding of Industry 5.0 and the role of GBS as a primary mechanism for navigating a volatile, multipolar digital economy. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2606.12787 |
| By: | Driscoll, Daniel; Larsen, Mathias |
| Abstract: | The problem of climate change further confounds the already complex relationship between states and markets in modern capitalism. In this state of the art article, we argue that current political economy scholarship is making sense of this occasion by incorporating decarbonization into the “return of the state” and “financialization” literatures and thus creating a “states–markets–decarbonization nexus.” We categorize this nexus into three core topic areas: international financial subordination, industrial policy, and comparative capitalisms. In each, we review key insights and provide an overview of the main scholarly contributions on how states and markets intersect with decarbonization. From there, we discuss how current scholarship can be more policy relevant, appreciate the coming realities of climate adaptation, and benefit from integrating the three core topics to capture a rapidly evolving global order. |
| Keywords: | interdisciplinarity; markets; the state; climate change; environment; finance |
| JEL: | Q58 E00 |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138762 |
| By: | Mishra, Sarmistha; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | In the context of growing energy demand, prioritising the advancement of the circular bioeconomy is essential over the ongoing extraction of fossil fuels for a sustainable future. The utilisation of crop residues for bioenergy can significantly contribute to the circular bioeconomy framework, providing a sustainable as well as economical solution. However, it may be hindered by several knowledge and capacity-related barriers. This study examines those critical knowledge and capacity barriers to the effective implementation of a circular bioeconomy for crop-residue-based bioenergy production via a systematic literature review and experts’ suggestions. This paper further aims to compare the findings of the DEMATEL and WINGS methods in identifying potential relationships among selected knowledge and capacity barriers from an academic-expert-driven perspective, and to ascertain key strategies for successful crop-residue-based bioenergy production through a qualitative case study analysis of Indian farmers. The results indicate significant discrepancies in the number of interrelationships among the barriers. While DEMATEL reveals a comparatively greater number of interrelationships, WINGS tends to highlight only the most dominant and statistically robust causal links, identifying technical skill gaps and awareness deficits as particularly influential. Therefore, resolving these difficulties is crucial for sustainable bioenergy production through a circular bioeconomy framework. |
| Keywords: | Crop residue, Bio-energy, Circular bioeconomy, Barriers, SLR, WINGS, DEMATEL |
| JEL: | Q16 Q42 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128213 |
| By: | Leanne Cass (UK Health Security Agency); Federico Fabio Frattini (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Aurélien Saussay (London School of Economics and OFCE Sciences-Po); Misato Sato (London School of Economics); Francesco Vona (University of Milan and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | There is growing evidence that green jobs have higher skill requirements, but whether they offer sufficient wage incentives to encourage workers to acquire those skills remains unclear. We study the green wage premium and its drivers to isolate the average return to green tasks using online job vacancy (OJV) data for EU countries over the period 2018-2023. We develop a transparent LLM-based approach to classify job vacancies as green when they list at least one green task. Green jobs pay a premium of 5.5% relative to comparable postings within the same occupation, and this estimate is little changed when controlling for nonmonetary job attributes making these jobs more attractive. Roughly half of this premium is explained by firm fixed effects, consistent with an important role for firm rents. An Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that the higher skill complexity explains a further one tenth of the premium, leaving a residual return to green tasks of around 2%. The green wage premium is higher outside the manufacturing sector, and for low-carbon roles. |
| Keywords: | Green wage premium, Skill gaps, Green tasks, LLM |
| JEL: | J24 J6 F64 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2026.17 |
| By: | Shilin Ou; Yifan Xu; Zhenshan Zhang; Luyao Zhang; Ming-Chun Huang |
| Abstract: | Urban decarbonization requires scaling rooftop solar across millions of fragmented producers, yet cities face a fundamental tension: energy data is easily manipulated, and economic incentives often reward speculation rather than actual infrastructure deployment. We present SolarChain, a platform that resolves both problems by anchoring digital accountability to the thermodynamic limits of solar energy conversion. Using real-time meteorological data, geospatial coordinates, and first-principles calculations of solar yield, the system establishes a hard physical boundary for every panel's maximum possible output; any reported generation exceeding this limit is automatically rejected before entering the shared ledger. This trustless verification enables a peer-to-peer marketplace with programmatic reward structures that continuously reinvest value into equipment maintenance and market liquidity, preventing the speculative hoarding that typically destabilizes blockchain-based marketplaces. When electricity is consumed, the corresponding digital credits are permanently retired in direct proportion to physical energy dissipation, creating an auditable one-to-one mapping between urban consumption and carbon accounting. Deployed across heterogeneous city nodes, the prototype demonstrates resilience against data injection attacks while lowering capital barriers for community-level solar expansion. Beyond energy, the framework offers a general model for coordinating economic activity with physical law in any domain where distributed infrastructure demands both data integrity and sustainable investment. We release the data and code as open-access on GitHub. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.23162 |
| By: | Guillermo Marshall; Alvaro Parra (University of British Columbia, Sauder School of Business; Dalhousie University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Why have firms chosen to self-impose a carbon tax where governments have failed to act? We provide an answer to this question by highlighting a novel mechanism in which a firm can use a self-imposed carbon tax to relax the intensity of price competition with its rivals, making it a profitable strategy. The mechanism we highlight does not depend on the self-imposed carbon tax shifting demand or yielding marketing benefits (e.g., making the firm’s products more attractive to consumers because they are considered “green†). We discuss implications for market efficiency and the interaction of this mechanism with opportunities to invest in emission abatement technology. |
| Date: | 2026–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dal:wpaper:daleconwp2026-03 |
| By: | Walker Crawford, Noah; Reyes, Joy; Petkov, Nicholas; Beaulieu, Julien |
| Abstract: | This guide examines corporate defences used in climate litigation. Drawing on 10 case studies from eight jurisdictions, it analyses how corporate defendants have deployed these defence strategies, highlighting recurring themes and emerging trends. It also discusses how courts have engaged with these defence strategies. The analysis provides legal practitioners, scholars and scientists with a systematic view of the legal arguments that are currently being used by corporate defendants. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–04–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138043 |
| By: | Mohamed Bazi (UH2C - Université Hassan II de Casablanca = University of Hassan II Casablanca = جامعة الحسن الثاني (ar)); Ziyad Chahboun (UH2C - Université Hassan II de Casablanca = University of Hassan II Casablanca = جامعة الحسن الثاني (ar)) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the resilience of the MASI.ESG index, which integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, compared to the conventional MASI index of the Casablanca Stock Exchange, over the period March 2022–March 2025. This period, marked by the geopolitical shock following the Russo-Ukrainian conflict and subsequent macroeconomic turbulence, provides a privileged framework for testing the hypothesis of a protective role for ESG integration. Three resilience indicators are used: Value at Risk (VaR) adjusted by the Cornish-Fisher correction, the Sharpe ratio, and the Maximum Drawdown. Conditional volatility modeling relies on the EGARCH and TGARCH specifications, adapted to capture asymmetry in the response to shocks. The empirical results reveal significantly lower volatility for the MASI.ESG, a lower VaR reflecting more limited exposure to extreme risk, and a slightly less unfavorable Sharpe ratio. The post-shock recovery period is also shorter for the MASI.ESG (416 days versus 458).Overall, the results suggest that integrating ESG criteria can contribute to financial resilience and relative market stability during periods of turbulence. The article delves deeper into the transmission channels of this resilience, examining the role of idiosyncratic risk reduction, sector composition, and governance quality. The limitations related to ESG rating divergence between agencies and the risk of greenwashing are discussed. Recommendations are formulated for institutional investors and regulators, placing them within the context of international regulatory developments, particularly the European CSRD directive |
| Abstract: | Cet article examine la résilience de l'indice MASI.ESG, indice intégrant les critères environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG), en comparaison avec l'indice conventionnel MASI de la Bourse des valeurs de Casablanca, sur la période mars 2022 –mars 2025. Cette période, marquée par le choc géopolitique consécutif au conflit russo-ukrainien et par les turbulences macroéconomiques subséquentes, offre un cadre d'observation privilégié pour tester l'hypothèse d'un rôle protecteur de l'intégration ESG. Trois indicateurs de résilience sont mobilisés : la Value at Risk (VaR) ajustée par la correction de Cornish-Fisher, le ratio de Sharpe et le Maximum Drawdown. La modélisation de la volatilité conditionnelle repose sur les spécifications EGARCH et TGARCH, adaptées à la capture de l'asymétrie dans la réponse aux chocs. Les résultats empiriques révèlent une volatilité significativement plus faible pour le MASI.ESG, une VaR inférieure traduisant une exposition au risque extrême plus limitée, ainsi qu'un ratio de Sharpe légèrement moins défavorable. La durée de récupération post-choc est également plus courte pour le MASI.ESG (416 jours contre 458). Dans l'ensemble, les résultats suggèrent que l'intégration des critères ESG peut constituer un facteur de résilience financière et de stabilité relative des marchés boursiers face aux périodes de turbulence. L'article approfondit l'analyse des canaux de transmission de cette résilience, en interrogeant le rôle de la réduction du risque idiosyncratique, de la composition sectorielle et de la qualité de la gouvernance. Les limites liées à la divergence des notations ESG entre agences et au risque de greenwashing sont discutées. Des recommandations sont formulées à l'intention des investisseurs institutionnels et des régulateurs, en les situant dans le contexte des évolutions réglementaires internationales, notamment la directive CSRD européenne |
| Keywords: | TGARCH, Value at Risk, African Scientific Journal, EGARCH, Financial resilience, ESG index, Indices ESG, Résilience financière |
| Date: | 2026–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05631234 |
| By: | Kikken, Max (Maastricht University); Künn, Steffen (Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how short-term variations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution affects cognitive performance across tasks of varying complexity. While prior work shows that pollution impairs performance in highly demanding cognitive settings, it remains unclear whether these effects extend to simpler tasks. We examine this question using data from official Rubik’s Cube tournaments in the United States and India. Solving different cube sizes provides a natural proxy for task complexity, while solving time measures cognitive performance. To identify causal effects, we exploit exogenous variation in local PM2.5 generated by wind direction. We find that PM2.5 pollution has negligible effects on simple tasks but significantly slows performance on complex ones for tournaments in the United States. In India, where baseline PM2.5 levels are substantially higher, we find similar effect patterns but none of the effects are statistically significant. We show that this pattern is explained by diminishing marginal sensitivity to short-term PM2.5 shocks as baseline PM2.5 pollution levels increase. Our findings provide causal evidence that the cognitive costs of PM2.5 pollution depend critically on task complexity. |
| Keywords: | cognitive performance, air pollution, task complexity |
| JEL: | D64 D91 Z13 P16 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18656 |
| By: | Nassiri, Somayeh; Sayed, Aun Abbas; Haider, Md Mostofa; Alugubelli, Sanjana |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the performance of recycled and virgin fibers in fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), with a focus on workability, concrete production, and mechanical properties. Fibers were directly sourced from manufacturers and used at dosages recommended by manufacturers and supported by the literature. All fibers improved the modulus of rupture of plain (control) concrete. The fibers investigated included plastic, steel, composite, glass, and basalt fibers. Across most fiber types—regardless of whether they were virgin or recycled—FRC demonstrated improved post-cracking load-carrying capacity, resulting in enhanced residual strength and ductility. Plastic fibers exhibited the best post-cracking performance, with high residual strength, toughness, and effective flexural strength ratios, though they reduced workability. Recycled plastic fibers performed comparably to virgin plastic fibers in terms of post-cracking behavior. Steel fibers had minimal impact on workability and provided good residual strength and toughness; recycled steel fibers performed similarly to the best-performing steel fiber and outperformed other steel fibers. The improved performance of random-shaped and twisted steel fibers was attributed to enhanced fiber–matrix bonding. Recycled glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite fibers from decommissioned wind turbine blades showed some improvement in post-cracking performance, particularly for larger fiber sizes; however, further testing is needed to optimize fiber size and dosage. In contrast, glass and basalt fibers exhibited limited post-cracking performance compared to plastic, steel, and composite fibers. Most fibers increased compressive strength, while improvements in the modulus of elasticity were negligible. Fibers generally reduced drying shrinkage, with a maximum reduction of 21% at 56 days. Overall, FRC performance was strongly influenced by fiber characteristics, including length, surface texture, chemical surface groups, and dosage. Recycled fibers demonstrated comparable performance to virgin fibers and showed potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, depending on recycling processes and treatments. These results indicate that recycled fibers are suitable for rigid pavement applications in California. Based on comparative performance, the following fibers are recommended for further evaluation: BarChip R50, BarChip 48, MAC Matrix, Strux 90/40, and Ferro-Green plastic fibers; Flexo and Helix steel fibers; and Recon XL composite fibers. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, fiber-reinforced concrete, recycled fiber, sustainability, durability |
| Date: | 2026–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2tc6c1wc |
| By: | Gilbert Kientega (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | Ecological transition is most often conceptualized, in marketing and management literature, as a consensual horizon toward which organizations should orient themselves through responsible innovation strategies, impact certification, or hybrid governance. This presentation proposes to shift this perspective by demonstrating that transitions are first and foremost fields of cultural conflict in which competing narratives, figures of the citizen-consumer, and communication devices clash to define what it means to "inhabit well" and "consume well" a territory. Drawing on Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) and the Market System Dynamics approach (Giesler and Fischer, 2017), we analyze the case of the Collectif pour la Narse de Nouvialle, opposed to the diatomite extraction project led by the multinational Imerys in the heart of a Natura 2000 wetland in the Cantal region (Auvergne, France). Based on in-depth ethnographic research (interviews, participant observation, analysis of communication materials), we develop three theoretical contributions: (1) the concept of situated transition narratives, referring to the competing narratives through which conflict actors articulate consumption, territorial justice, and environmental futures; (2) a typology of citizen-consumer figures in transition, constructed from the positions adopted by residents, farmers, activists, and economic actors in the territory; and (3) the concept of conflictual transition marketing, demonstrating how the collective refuses the pacification of disagreement and maintains visible the power asymmetries and vulnerabilities. Doing so, this presentation offers a critical mirror for思考ing how impact organizations define, stage, and govern "impact" in contexts of uncertainty, and it reveals the blind spots of a managerial conception of mission that obscures the framing conflicts inherent to any territorial transition. |
| Abstract: | La transition écologique est le plus souvent appréhendée, dans la littérature en marketing et en management, comme un horizon consensuel vers lequel les organisations devraient s'orienter par le biais de stratégies d'innovation responsable, de certification d'impact ou de gouvernance hybride. La présente communication propose de déplacer cette perspective en montrant que les transitions sont d'abord des champs de conflits culturels dans lesquels des récits concurrents, des figures du consommateur-citoyen et des dispositifs communicationnels s'affrontent pour définir ce que « bien habiter » et « bien consommer » un territoire signifie. En mobilisant la Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) et l'approche des Market System Dynamics (Giesler et Fischer, 2017), nous analysons le cas du Collectif pour la Narse de Nouvialle, opposé au projet d'extraction de diatomite porté par la multinationale Imerys au cœur d'une zone humide Natura 2000 du Cantal (Auvergne, France). À partir d'une enquête ethnographique approfondie (entretiens, observations participantes, analyse de matériaux communicationnels), nous développons trois contributions théoriques : (1) le concept de transitionnarratives situées, désignant les récits concurrentiels par lesquels les acteurs du conflit articulent consommation, justice territoriale et futurs environnementaux ; (2) une typologie des figures du consommateur-citoyen en transition, construite à partir des positions adoptées par les habitants, agriculteurs, militants et acteurs économiques du territoire ; (3) le concept de marketing conflictuel de la transition, montrant comment le collectif refuse la pacification du désaccord et maintient visibles les asymétries de pouvoir et de vulnérabilité. Ce faisant, la communication offre un miroir critique pour penser la manière dont les organisations à impact définissent, mettent en scène et gouvernent l'« impact » en contexte d'incertitude, et elle révèle les angles morts d'une conception managériale de la mission qui occulte les conflits de cadrage inhérents à toute transition territoriale. |
| Keywords: | Consumer Culture Theory, ecological transition, conflictual marketing, extractivism, wetland, impact organizations, Market System Dynamics, territorial justice., organisations à impact, transition écologique, marketing conflictuel, extractivisme, zone humide, justice territoriale. |
| Date: | 2026–05–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05634162 |
| By: | Majeed, Syed Muhammad Arsalan; Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed |
| Abstract: | In an era marked by frequent disruptions and increasing volatility, building resilient supply chains has become a strategic imperative. Grounded in Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) and Contingency Theory (CT), the research explores how BCT functions as a digital enabler for organizations to adapt, respond, and recover effectively in dynamic market environments. This study examines the role of blockchain technology (BCT) in enhancing supply chain resilience (SCR), particularly through the mediating influence of supply chain integration (SCI) and the moderating role of environmental dynamism (ED). Utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected through structured questionnaires, the results demonstrate that BCT has a significant positive effect on both SCI and SCR. Moreover, SCI mediates the relationship between BCT and SCR, while ED strengthens the impact of BCT on SCI. The findings contribute to the literature on Industry 4.0 technologies and digital transformation by highlighting how BCT, when strategically integrated, can foster not only resilience but also collaboration, visibility, and sustainability across the supply chain. The study offers practical implications for managers seeking to invest in smart manufacturing and IT advancement to develop integrated, agile, and sustainable supply chain systems. |
| Keywords: | Blockchain Technology, Supply Chain Integration, Supply Chain Resilience, Environmental Dynamism, Industry 4.0, Smart Manufacturing, IT Advancement, Circular Economy, PLS-SEM, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:341043 |
| By: | Kinyua, Martin |
| Abstract: | The study presented by this Working Paper provides a foundational economic valuation of habitat protection within the Ruthumbi Forest block of the critical Mt. Kenya Afri-montane ecosystem. Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the 2002 study estimates rural households’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the protection and preservation of the forest, establishing a "Pre-treatment" baseline immediately prior to the implementation of the Forests Act of 2005. The survey targeted 215 households from two selected geographical locations forming part of the forest community, defined by the study as people living within a five-kilometer radius of the forest edge. To address inherent challenges of non-market valuation including the prevalence of invalid responses—particularly protest zeros—that could introduce sample selection bias, a Tobit model with sample selection was employed, estimated via the Heckman two-step procedure. The first stage used a Probit model to predict the probability of providing a valid WTP response, while the second stage incorporated the Inverse Mills Ratio into the WTP function to correct for selection bias. Empirical results confirmed significant sample selection (ρ significant at 1%), validating the need for this correction. The adjusted model revealed that household income and respondent age significantly influence WTP, with mean monthly WTP estimated at KSh 125.00 per household. However, to provide a statistically robust and conservative estimate for policy purposes, a population-wide mean of KSh. 86.35 was utilized for aggregation. This figure, derived from the Tobit expected value of the dependent variable, accounts for non-participation across the broader community. Aggregated across the target forest-adjacent population, this results in a 2002 baseline ecosystem service value of KSh. 145, 627.15 per month, or KSh. 1, 747, 526.00 annually. Further, the study findings supported the policy conclusion that forest communities are aware of forest benefits and are willing to pay for communal management—laying groundwork for community-based forest governance. By documenting these parameters before the institutionalization of Participatory Forest Management (PFM), this research serves as a primary longitudinal anchor. It offers essential benchmarks for evaluating return on investment (ROI) of Kenyan forest policy reforms and climate-resilience strategies from 2002 to 2026 and beyond. |
| Keywords: | Contingent Valuation; Tobit-Heckman Model; Habitat Protection; Payment for Ecosystem Services; Afro-montane Ecosystems; Communal Management; Rural Households, Kenya; 2002 Socio-Economic Baseline; Longitudinal Baseline; Kenya Forest Policy |
| JEL: | C01 C3 C31 C34 Q23 Q28 Q5 Q51 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128908 |
| By: | Lucas Lamby (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Lucila Venturi; Jose Ignacio Hernandez; Ricardo Hausmann (Harvard's Growth Lab) |
| Abstract: | Bolivia’s energy system is in structural decline. Natural gas production has fallen 54% since its 2014 peak, collapsing export volumes and turning hydrocarbons from a fiscal engine into a net drain on reserves. The cause is institutional, not geological: the 2005–2009 nationalization cycle increased state revenue capture during the commodity boom but weakened the incentives for long-term exploration. Fuel and domestic gas subsidies compounded the problem, distorting price signals and crowding out renewable investment. The current administration’s January 2026 fuel reform raised diesel prices by 163% and gasoline by 86%, but the heightened global oil prices have displayed the remaining structural weakness and domestic gas subsidy remains untouched, costing Bolivia over $900 million in forgone export earnings in 2025 alone. The reform agenda requires three priority actions: embedding fuel prices in a rules-based formula; restructuring hydrocarbons contracts to restore exploration incentives; and accelerating renewable energy deployment to free up natural gas for export. |
| Keywords: | Bolivia, energy |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:glh:wpfacu:263 |
| By: | Hiroyuki Yamada (Keio University) |
| Abstract: | Low- and middle-income countries are currently experiencing fertility declines at earlier developmental stages than historical precedents. However, the specific economic threshold at which fertility falls below the replacement level (2.1) remains under-analyzed. This study utilizes a comprehensive dataset to systematically visualize this threshold and quantify the economic discrepancy between historical and modern transitions. We demonstrate that today's developing economies reach the replacement level at significantly lower income levels than high-income economies did. This acceleration is driven by the rapid diffusion of health and education best practices and urbanization. Consequently, these nations face the dual challenge of "premature aging" and underdeveloped institutions. We conclude that sustainable development strategies must urgently shift from simple population control to building resilient social systems capable of withstanding these demographic headwinds. |
| Keywords: | Fertility decline, Demographic transition, Sustainable development, Premature aging, Replacement level fertility |
| JEL: | O1 O5 J13 |
| Date: | 2026–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:dp2026-011 |
| By: | Reichel, Felix |
| Abstract: | Single-use plastics (SUPs) impose substantial environmental costs. Following Directive (EU) 2019/904, Austria introduced producer charges and mandatory participation in collection and recycling systems. This thesis exploits a monthly aggregated and disaggregated panel of retail offer spells drawn from a price-comparison platform to estimate the extent to which compliance costs pass through to posted online prices in Austria. The treated sample comprises keyword-matched SUP products—balloons, to-go cups, wet wipes, plastic bags, food containers, tobacco-filter items, beverage bottles, and plastic wraps—observed alongside a control group of non-SUP listings over 2020–2024. A two-way fixed-effects (TWFE) specification places the average post-treatment price increase at approximately 4.1 percent. A sequential TWFE model that disaggregates the administrative reporting phase (from March 2023) from the payment-due phase (from March 2024) reveals that the larger adjustment occurs during the earlier reporting stage, with a reporting-only effect of approximately 8.1 percent and an incremental payment-phase effect of 5.6 percent. For balloons—a category subject to pronounced regulatory fee exposure— event-study estimates exceed 50 percent in the months immediately following the initial payment date and remain elevated throughout most of the post-treatment window. Taken together, these findings indicate that Austrian online retailers began adjusting prices in advance of fee payment deadlines, a pattern consistent with anticipatory pass-through of expected compliance costs rather than a discrete response to realized payments. As the data contain price observations but not quantity data, the analysis speaks to price incidence and does not extend to consumption or environmental outcomes. |
| Date: | 2026–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:whkb9_v1 |
| By: | Schwab, Thomas; Hagemann, Sara; Többen, Johannes; Rhoden, Imke; Venghaus, Sandra; Linßen, Jochen |
| Abstract: | ETS2 will introduce uniform EU-wide carbon pricing for heating, affecting about half of all households across the Union. Using a synthetic EU population of 188 million households, this study shows that most can absorb the additional costs, but a significant minority faces high burdens—especially in Eastern and Southern Europe. ETS2 revenues can cushion these impacts but are insufficient to fund large-scale heating system replacements. Targeted support and complementary investment policies are essential for a fair and effective transition. |
| Keywords: | ETS2, carbon price, heating |
| JEL: | D31 H23 Q48 Q52 R28 |
| Date: | 2026–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128005 |
| By: | Marivoet, Wim |
| Abstract: | Our food systems (FS) are unable to provide healthy diets in a just and sustainable way, an observation which prompted the United Nations Food Systems Summit to establish a consensus on the need to transform FS. This study examines potential entry points—and resulting implications—to improve Senegal’s FS following expected trends in population growth and urbanization, consumer awareness, and income growth. The study finds that total food supplies need to triple by 2040, with animal-source foods (ASF), fruits, and vegetables requiring increases of a factor of four or more. The study identifies potential strategies to increase the production of these food products while also considering their environmental impact. The study underscores the importance of socially inclusive and equitable outcomes and highlights the need for significant investments to reduce food waste in targeted subsectors. |
| Keywords: | food systems; urbanization; consumer behaviour; healthy diets; income; Senegal; Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2026–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:sfs4yp:181172 |
| By: | Mishra, Sarmistha; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Mohapatra, Souryabrata; Mohanty, Pritisudha |
| Abstract: | As agriculture confronts mounting pressure to enhance sustainability and resource efficiency, circular bioeconomy (CBE) practices—particularly the reuse of agro-waste—offer a promising solution. However, widespread implementation remains hindered by numerous barriers that are not yet fully understood in their interconnections and influence. This study investigates these challenges through a systematic literature review (SLR) and an expert-based Weighted Influence Non-linear Gauge System (WINGS) analysis. The SLR identifies and categorises critical supply- and demand-side barriers, while the WINGS approach evaluates their relative strength and influence. Key barriers include the lack of government regulations and incentives, limited knowledge and skills for effective agro-waste reuse, and an underdeveloped market for bio-based products. These barriers exhibit strong causal relationships, indicating their central role in delaying CBE adoption. By revealing the interdependencies among barriers, the study provides a structured roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to prioritise interventions. The findings underscore the need for coordinated policy support, capacity-building initiatives, and market development strategies to accelerate sustainable agro-waste reuse in agriculture. |
| Keywords: | CBE; Agro-waste; barriers; SLR; WINGS |
| JEL: | O13 Q16 Q20 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128216 |
| By: | Saraceno Pier (European Commission - JRC); Fioretti Carlotta; Landucci Simone; Stavropoulos Eleftherios; Spalazzi Annalisa |
| Abstract: | This report presents an EU-wide stocktake of Integrated Territorial Development Strategies (ITDSs) implemented under Cohesion Policy 2021–2027, drawing on data from STRAT-Board, the JRC–DG REGIO platform monitoring integrated territorial approaches. The dataset covers 87 Managing Authorities, 110 programmes and 1, 426 strategies - around 70% of all ITDSs - representing the most comprehensive evidence available for this programming period. Integrated Territorial Development (ITD) accounts for EUR 41.3 billion (~11% of total EU Cohesion Policy contributions), with uptake varying considerably across Member States due to differences in governance systems, administrative capacity and strategic interpretation. Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) is the most widely used delivery mechanism, followed by Other Territorial Tools (OTTs) and Community-led Local Development (CLLD). While Sustainable Urban Development (SUD) remains central, most strategies target small and medium-sized territories: 85% cover areas below 250, 000 inhabitants and nearly half focus on territories under 50, 000. Over half span mixed urban–rural geographies, reflecting the importance of functional territorial linkages. Financially, SUD strategies mobilise substantially higher per-capita investments than non-SUD strategies, which tend to support smaller-scale, community-oriented interventions. Thematic priorities concentrate on integrated territorial development, biodiversity, energy efficiency and sustainable mobility. Governance arrangements are generally formalised, though practices vary in strategy selection, project identification and monitoring. Overall, the findings highlight the growing importance and heterogeneous implementation of ITD, underscoring the need to strengthen local capacity and enhance place-based impact. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145955 |
| By: | Lemos, Morena Hanbury; Hickel, Jason |
| Abstract: | In Open Veins of Latin America (1971), Eduardo Galeano argued that colonial interventions in Latin America organised the regional economy around raw material exports and drained the continent of valuable resources and labour, producing conditions of underdevelopment. Scholars have argued that this dynamic continues today, where the suppression of prices and input costs in peripheral regions enables the global North to appropriate resources and value through ‘unequal exchange’. Building on this analysis and grounded in the Marxist tradition of dependency theory, this study empirically assesses Latin America's position with respect to unequal exchange of natural resources and labour embodied in trade. We use environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EEMRIO) analysis to measure net flows of embodied materials (biomass, fossil fuels, minerals, and metals), land, and labour between Latin America, the global North, China, and the rest of the global South (1995 to 2020) across seven sectors, along with wage compensation against the labour flows. We find that Latin America has suffered a large drain of all resources to the North over the period. In 2020, the North net-appropriated 935 million tons of materials (including biomass, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels), 4 million km2 of land, and 53 billion hours of labour (worth €816 billion in Northern wages) from Latin America, mostly consumed as manufactured goods and services. We find that Latin America's position in the world economy is increasingly ‘peripheral’ in character. It remains a major supplier of primary commodities to the North, experiences a greater per capita drain of biomass, metals, and land than China or the rest of the global South, and disproportionately suffers the ecological damages of Northern consumption. |
| Keywords: | dependency theory; global inequality; input-output analysis; uUnequal exchange; uneven development |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138593 |
| By: | Krzysztof Wojtowicz; Eddy Bekkers; Maksym Chepeliev; Ayse Nihal Yilmaz |
| Abstract: | In this paper we introduce the Global Trade Analysis Project Critical Minerals (GTAP-CM) Data Base which is an extension of the GTAP Circular Economy (GTAP-CE) Data Base with 35 additional sectors. The additional sectors are related to the renewable energy value chain, including electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and permanent magnets, as well as mining and refining products used in these sectors. Data reconciliation is implemented using the MSplitCom utility and RAS balancing method, utilizing data inputs on bilateral trade, production, cost and supply structures. We describe how a range of data inputs from various sources are combined, processed and reconciled to generate these data inputs. Trade data at the HS6 level are sourced from the BACI international trade database compiled by CEPII, production data for mining goods are from United States Geological Survey (USGS), data for downstream activities are derived from BloombergNEF, International Energy Agency (IEA) and several other complementary data sources, cost and supply structures are compiled using inputs from the academic literature and technical information. Data processing and reconciliation includes harmonizing units of trade and production data, adjusting the cases of exports exceeding domestic production, and estimating unavailable production values using constrained optimization procedures, among other steps. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:resmem:7918 |
| By: | Pearson, Lauren; de, Ana Luiza Santos Sa; Gerhard, Robyn; Abrahams, Jamie; Nosratzadeh, Hossein; Cumming, Toby; Beck, Ben |
| Abstract: | A sharp rise in fuel prices in March 2026 created a potential window for sustainable travel behaviour change in Australia. Yet who is positioned to change how they travel remains poorly understood. A population-representative online survey of 2, 177 Australian adults, conducted in April 2026, captured pre-crisis travel behaviour, mode shift considerations, and conditions supporting sustained change. Explainable machine learning (XGBoost, SHAP, supervised k-means clustering) identified amenable subgroups for walking, cycling, e-bikes, and public transport. Three quarters of respondents had changed or considered changing their travel behaviour. Walking was the most commonly adopted new mode (20%), and travel avoidance the most common adaptation (41%). Financial hardship and younger age were dominant predictors of amenability. Supervised clustering revealed three recurrent archetypes - financially pressured young adults, employed urban professionals, and regional residents lacking service access. Realising equitable sustainable travel outcomes requires transport systems offering affordable, safe alternatives to all population groups. |
| Date: | 2026–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hgx9d_v1 |
| By: | Wonseok Choi (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Soo Hyun (Catherine) Oh (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Sunghun Cho (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Jin Hee Hong (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Boyeong Park (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구의 목적은 전기차 배터리, 반도체, 재생에너지 설비 등 전략산업의 근간인 핵심광물의 공급망 위험을 진단하고, 한국의 ‘10대 전략 핵심광물’을 중심으로 수입 의존 구조와 협력대상국을 도출해 통상협정을 활용한 공급망 강화방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 보고서의 연구 범위는 Kowalski and Legendre (2023)의 분류를 바탕으로 한국의 10대 전략 핵심광물별 원광ㆍ중간재ㆍ스크랩 등을 HS6로 연계해 분석하였다. 본 보고서의 구성은 크게 글로벌 공급망ㆍ리스크 및 한국의 수입 구조 등 공급망을 분석하는 파트(제2~제3장)와 협정 네트워크ㆍ조항 분석과 전략을 제안하는 파트(제4~제6장)로 구성되었다. The purpose of this study is to assess the supply chain risks of critical minerals that form the foundation of strategic industries such as electric vehicle batteries, semiconductors, and renewable energy equipment. Focusing on Korea’s “Top 10 Strategic Critical Minerals, ” it identifies the import dependency structure and key partner countries, and proposes ways to strengthen supply chains through trade agreements. The analytical scope of this report follows the classification of Kowalski and Legendre (2023) and links raw materials, intermediates, and scrap by HS6 codes for each of Korea’s ten strategic critical minerals. The report consists of two main parts: a global supply chain and risk analysis, including Korea’s import structure (Chapters 2-3), and an agreement network, clause analysis, and strategic proposals (Chapters 4-6). |
| Keywords: | Trade Agreements;Critical mineral supply chains;Economic security;International trade |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:022524 |
| By: | Moustapha Mounmemi (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE UR3190, Chaire REEL.i, Réseau EDEN.i, F-25000 Besançon, France); Vincent Bertrand (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE UR3190, Chaire REEL.i, Réseau EDEN.i, F-25000 Besançon, France); Philippe Canalda (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, FEMTO-ST UMR6174, F-25000 Besançon, France) |
| Abstract: | Decarbonizing transport requires scalable alternatives to private vehicles, yet carpooling adoption remains limited due to coordination failures and weak network density. This paper develops a micro-founded framework of multimodal carpooling adoption under carbon pricing, behavioral nudges, and endogenous network effects. Agents choose between private transport and platform-based carpooling based on generalized costs and a participation-dependent matching probability. This generates nonlinear adoption dynamics, multiple equilibria, and tipping points driven by network externalities and matching efficiency. The model is calibrated using French mobility evidence and simulation-based methods. Results show that carbon pricing increases adoption but is constrained by coordination thresholds. Behavioral nudges significantly reduce these thresholds and amplify pricing effects. Platform efficiency critically determines whether the system converges to high or low adoption equilibria. Mu-CAR digital platform, currently under deployment, will provide future high-frequency mobility data enabling structural estimation and empirical validation. Overall, the framework highlights strong policy complementarities and network effects. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Pricing, Behavioral Nudges, Network Effects, Carpooling, Matching friction, Micro-founded Framework. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2026-02 |
| By: | Wenyang Hao; Yixin Fang; David Levinson (TransportLab, School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | User-organized Pre-pooled Ride-hailing (UPR) is a user-coordinated form of shared mobility that layers social media coordination on top of commercial ride-hailing within bounded trust-based communities (e.g., campuses, workplaces, or residential compounds). We designed a comprehensive survey with 24 choice scenarios and integrated sociodemographic, revealed-behavior, and attitudinal measures including environmental perceptions, then estimated mixed logit models for all respondents and for organizers versus followers. UPR is most competitive for longer, daytime trips and for first-/last-mile access to metro hubs, offering a lower per-person cost than solo ridehailing and faster door-to-door travel than public transport. UPR choice is negatively associated with ride-hailing and platform ride-pooling use, implying substitution. Climate-mitigation beliefs increase UPR choice probabilities, while stronger trust requirements and privacy concerns constrain uptake. The findings highlight how environmental perceptions and community trust jointly shape decentralized pooling and its potential role as a low-impact complement to transit in fringe areas. |
| Keywords: | transportation |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:paper-2026-14 |
| By: | Blanchard, Hally (Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, School of Geography and Environment, Oxford, UK); Barbrook-Johnson, Pete (The Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford); Obersteiner, Michael (Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, School of Geography and Environment, Oxford, UK) |
| Abstract: | Mining of the seabed in areas beyond national jurisdiction ('the Area') raises considerable governance questions for the International Seabed Authority as negotiations on mining regulations progress. To operationalize the principles enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea through rules, regulations, and procedures for deep-sea mining, legally consistent decisions on exploitation that balance political and economic interests, environmental protection, and equity must be taken under substantial scientific and economic uncertainty. This article examines the decision-making environment for polymetallic nodule mining through 22 expert interviews and a co-created causal loop diagram. The analysis identifies three reinforcing subsystems shaping the deep-sea mining decision environment: economic and political demand, contestation over socio-ecological governance principles, and the production of knowledge. It also highlights a stewardship dynamic centered on regulatory stringency, thresholds, and adaptive governance. The findings show that knowledge production is a policy arena in itself, and that decision-making is shaped not only by technical uncertainty, but also by contested values, strategic narratives, and feedbacks that reinforce investment, advocacy, and disagreement between stakeholders over risk perception. By mapping these interactions, our research offers a systems-based account of the forces that shape negotiations as a shared reference point for policymakers that might support the design of more adaptive, transparent, and feedback-informed governance of deep-sea mining in the Area. |
| Keywords: | Deep-sea Mining; Polymetallic Nodules; International Seabed Authority; Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction; Marine Governance; Systems Thinking; Causal Loop Diagram |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2026-15 |
| By: | Aries Eric (European Commission - JRC); Fereres Sonia (European Commission - JRC); Bellomo Nicolas (European Commission - JRC); Gonzalez Cuenca Jose (European Commission - JRC); Ferreira De Almeida Vanessa (European Commission - JRC); Tejedor Sanz Sara (European Commission - JRC); Chronopoulos Georgios (European Commission - JRC); Retsoulis Ioannis (European Commission - JRC); Roudier Serge (European Commission - JRC); Lambert Caroline (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this publication, the Technical Report on Innovative Techniques (TRIT) of 2026 by the INCITE, is to serve as a strategic technological compass for Europe’s industrial transition. The report maps a comprehensive dataset of 563 demonstrator projects across Europe identified be-tween 2020 and 2025. The content focuses on energy-intensive industries (EIIs) and prioritises sectors with the highest environmental impact and strategic relevance for the Clean Industrial Deal. It was found that innovation in industry is highly concentrated in three ‘hard-to-abate’ sectors: Iron & Steel, Chemicals, and Cement, Lime, and Magnesia. Together, these sectors account for approximately 65% of all identified demonstrators. The report focuses on techniques that have reached a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 6–7 or higher. Currently, TRL 7 (33%) and TRL 9 (28%) represent the largest shares of the dataset, indicating a strong pipeline of solutions demonstrated in operational environments or ready for market. While decarbonisation is the dominant driver (present in 71% of projects), industrial pilots are increasingly engineered for synergistic benefits. These include depollution (42%) and circularity (30%), such as waste-to-feedstock conversion and the valorisation of industrial by-products. Several barriers to imple-mentation were identified, and were associated to challenges in permitting, infrastructure availa-bility, and financing risks with first-of-a-kind installations. The current dataset is strongly influenced by EU-funded projects (> 70% of the projects) due to robust reporting obligations. Private and national sector investments remain less visible and fragmented. Overall, the findings of this report serve as a foundation for future Best Available Techniques (BAT). By identifying mature, high-performance technologies now, INCITE ensures that upcoming EU norms accelerate the deployment of cleaner technologies. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146559 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Bawa, Dauda; Balana, Bedru |
| Abstract: | Modern cooling technologies that use renewable energy sources have been increasingly recognized as a promising tool to address a multitude of challenges emerging in progressively complex food systems in developing countries. When provided as cold storage inside horticulture markets, cooling technologies can contribute to improved quality of products and strengthened vertical linkages. Knowledge gaps about the medium- to long-term impacts of these technologies in developing countries remain, especially in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA). This study partly fills this knowledge gap by revisiting the 2021 short-term impact evaluation study (Takeshima et al. 2023) to assess the medium- to longer term impacts of interventions in northeast Nigeria in which 7 small solar-powered cold storages were installed across 7 horticulture markets. Combinations of difference-in-difference and variants of propensity score-based methods suggest that using cold storage significantly increased horticulture sales volumes and revenues of market agents. Using cold storage also reduced the share of food loss and lengthened the products’ shelf-life while raising prices received by both market agents and farmers, which were associated with improved product quality, expanded value-adding activities by market agents, and increased use of advance payments. We find no evidence of negative spillover effects inside horticulture markets. Observed effects are driven by the technical improvements that raise the efficiency of the use of purchased raw commodities, enabled by cold storage, based on modified efficiency analyses. At the same time, the efficiency of cold storage use remains low despite some improvement over time, and scopes exist to enhance this efficiency. |
| Keywords: | solar energy; cold storage; horticulture; markets; efficiency; food storage; food preservation; food losses; food systems; Nigeria; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:182199 |
| By: | Edwards, Geoff |
| Abstract: | This article surveys research on how geopolitical/ political and climate risks affect corporate behavior and market outcomes through financial constraints, information frictions, and market design. It integrates recent evidence on geopolitical risk and corporate tax avoidance under constraints; climate risk and asymmetric tail spillovers in international energy markets; transparency/anonymity reforms, broker identity disclosure, latency reduction, and venue switching as determinants of market quality; corporate events (M&A, bank lending, bankruptcies) as information shocks influencing liquidity and informed trading; and systemic risk/ratings mechanisms, including connectedness, CoVaR, capital shortfall, SRISK, and sovereign rating ceiling effects. The survey highlights common empirical architectures: text- based risk indices, event studies, high-frequency microstructure metrics (spreads, price impact, Kyle’s lambda), and time-frequency connectedness methods. A unifying “risk–friction– liquidity” framework is proposed with testable implications and a research agenda focused on identification, robustness, and cross-asset tail dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Geopolitical risk Policical risk Corporate behaviour Market design |
| JEL: | G1 G10 G19 G28 |
| Date: | 2026–02–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128690 |
| By: | Cheolwon Lee (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Suyeob Na (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); You Jin Lim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 2000년대 들어 중동부유럽 국가의 EU 가입이 본격화되면서 EU 내 새로운 제조업 생산거점이 중동부유럽에 구축되었다. 한국기업은 EU 역내 시장을 겨냥해 중동부유럽 진출을 본격화하였으며, 2000년대 들어 중동부유럽 진출은 V4(폴란드, 헝가리, 체코, 슬로바키아 등 비세그라드 4개국) 국가를 중심으로 2006~07년에 집중되었다. 2010년대 말부터 최근까지 한국기업의 중동부유럽 진출은 배터리, 전기차, 재생에너지, R&D 등에 대한 투자로 전환하여 친환경 및 첨단산업과 주요 공급망 중심으로 투자 패턴이 변화했다. 최근 LG에너지솔루션과의 협력업체는 폴란드에, SK이노베이션, 삼성SDI 등과의 협력업체는 헝가리에 각각 이차전지 부문 진출을 완료하여, EU의 포괄적 환경 규제와 공급망 재편에 대응하는 한편 유럽시장 진출의 교두보를 마련했다. 한편 중국의 글로벌 공급망 재편 전략의 일환으로 친환경 전자부품과 완성차 산업을 중심으로 중국의 대규모 그린필드 투자가 이어지며, 헝가리는 중국의 유럽 진출 전략에서 핵심적인 거점으로 자리매김하고 있다. Beginning in the 2000s, as Central and Eastern European countries began to join the EU in earnest, new manufacturing production bases within the EU were established in Central and Eastern Europe. This marked the beginning of a full-scale expansion of Korean companies targeting the EU market. This expansion was concentrated in the V4 (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia) countries between 2006 and 2007. From the late 2010s until recently, Korean companies’ expansion into Central and Eastern Europe shifted to investments in batteries, electric vehicles, renewable energy, and R&D, shifting investment patterns toward eco-friendly and cutting-edge industries and key supply chains. Recently, LG Energy Solution and its partners completed their secondary battery expansion in Poland, while SK Innovation, Samsung SDI, and their partners completed their secondary battery expansion in Hungary. These efforts not only address the EU’s comprehensive environmental regulations and supply chain restructuring but also establish a bridgehead for entry into the European market. Meanwhile, as part of China’s global supply chain restructuring strategy, large-scale greenfield investments are continuing, focusing on eco- friendly electronic components and finished automobiles. Hungary is establishing itself as a key base for China’s European expansion strategy. |
| Keywords: | Korean Firms;Investment;Central and Eastern Europe;Economic Cooperation;Industrial Policy;EU |
| Date: | 2026–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022567 |
| By: | Ratra, Vastav; Harman, Oliver; Bhimsaria, Shruti; Dobermann, Tim |
| Abstract: | India’s development hinges on the interaction between urbanisation, rural transformation, and migration, which together shape economic growth, inclusion, and climate resilience. • Urban areas are growing rapidly but face infrastructure, governance, and environmental challenges, while rural regions struggle with stagnant incomes and limited opportunities. • Migration serves as both a coping mechanism and a pathway to opportunity, but migrants face systemic barriers in cities, especially in accessing services and protections. • Local governance institutions are under-equipped to manage complex transitions, with gaps in planning, service delivery, and fiscal autonomy. • Urban poverty needs to be better understood, especially as migration places increasing pressure on city systems. To ensure cities can accommodate expanding populations while promoting equity, they must be better equipped to deliver affordable housing, inclusive public services, and dignified livelihoods. This paper calls for integrated, evidence-based policies and research to address cross-cutting issues and support inclusive, climate-resilient development across urban and rural India. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138623 |
| By: | Arizmendi, Luis-Felipe |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of the contributions recognized by the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel during the decade 2010–2019. This period marks a critical evolution in economic thought, transitioning from abstract general equilibrium modeling to rigorous empirical identification, behavioral integration, and the explicit modeling of market frictions. We systematically analyze the mathematical microstructures of the awarded theories—including Search and Matching Theory (2010), Empirical Macroeconomics (2011), Market Design (2012), Asset Pricing (2013), Regulation (2014), Consumption Analysis (2015), Contract Theory (2016), Behavioral Economics (2017), Climate and Endogenous Growth (2018), and Experimental Development Economics (2019). Special attention is paid to the policy applications of these frameworks in contemporary governance. |
| Keywords: | Search Frictions, Causal Inference, Market Design, Behavioral Finance, Climate Change, Contract Theory |
| JEL: | B22 C50 E00 G12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129056 |
| By: | Tsiboe, Francis; Turner, Dylan; Arita, Shawn; Jore, Kyle; Chakravorty, Rwit; Meyer, Seth |
| Abstract: | The 2026 Strait of Hormuz closure drove fertilizer prices sharply higher, prompting a broad federal response focused on supply-side capacity, logistics, and producer income support. This paper examines the demand-side channel that has received less policy attention: the margin at which corn producers may reduce nitrogen fertilizer application rates in response to elevated input prices. The agronomic literature suggests reductions of 12 to 16 percent are feasible without measurable expected yield loss; this paper examines a more conservative 5 percent scenario. Two features of the Federal Crop Insurance Program, Good Farming Practices standards and the multi-year Actual Production History calculation, may create marginal friction for producers contemplating reduction under shock-price conditions, though neither is likely determinative relative to agronomic and weather considerations. Simulation results suggest a 5 percent reduction across insured corn acres would conserve roughly 300, 000 short tons of nitrogen, raise federal indemnities by approximately $0.10 billion, and leave approved insurance provider returns above the Standard Reinsurance Agreement target. The paper closes by asking whether existing FCIP mechanisms, GFP interpretation guidance, yield-modification provisions, and AIP make-whole arrangements, warrant further examination in the current price environment. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:arpcwp:402736 |
| By: | Brzoska, Michael |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper analyses the consequences of the NATO ‘5% decision’ adopted at the Hague summit in 2025, when all NATO members, excepting Spain, consented to raise military spending in a broad sense to at least 5% of GDP by 2035. The analysis focuses on the fiscal, economic, industrial and environmental impacts for European NATO members, while also comparing them with the United States. |
| Keywords: | H56; H60 |
| JEL: | H56 H60 |
| Date: | 2026–03–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128863 |
| By: | FITSILIS, Panos |
| Abstract: | Smart city assessment is often shaped by fragmented rankings, heterogeneous indicator systems, and limited attention to how cities improve over time. This paper examines how international smart city standards and maturity models can be brought together to support a more coherent assessment approach for smart, sustainable, and resilient urban development. Drawing on a qualitative, narrative review methodology, the study analyses smart city evaluation frameworks, the ISO 371xx standards, and the logic of maturity-based assessment. The analysis shows that ISO standards offer a shared language for comparability, transparency, interoperability, and evidence-based governance. Standards such as ISO 37120, ISO 37122, and ISO 37123 define common indicators for sustainability, smartness, and resilience. Maturity models add a complementary perspective by helping cities assess capabilities, structure their development over time, and embed continuous improvement. The paper argues that a standards-based maturity approach can help municipalities move beyond static benchmarking and towards more systematic, accountable, and adaptive smart city transformation. These are promising directions, but the harder work - testing this approach with actual municipalities, in messy governance realities - remains ahead. |
| Date: | 2026–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2gvnm_v1 |
| By: | Fabbri Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); Spalazzi Annalisa |
| Abstract: | This technical report offers a preliminary exploration of how the design and implementation of Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) might contribute to rural development in the Western Balkans. Although in the Western Balkans rural areas account for nearly 50% of the region's population they face critical challenges, such as economic stagnation, depopulation, and infrastructure deficits. As a key pillar for EU accession, S3 represents a place-based policy framework for boosting innovation ecosystems and European Research Area (ERA) integration. Here, S3 is also examined as a strategic framework to potentially mitigate the main challenges in rural areas by discovering untapped potential and promoting policy integration. As a result, this report assesses the degree to which S3 frameworks are tailored to rural needs and sheds a light on potential impact on regional development, specifically within the agriculture, tourism, and energy sectors. Based on a mixed-method approach of stakeholder interviews and document analysis, this research investigates the integration of rural areas within Western Balkan S3 strategies at both the national and macro-regional levels. The study evaluates the gaps and opportunities in policy design and implementation, specifically addressing the depth of rural integration and the identification of sectors capable of driving innovation and competitiveness. Furthermore, it examines how S3 facilitates territorial cohesion between urban and rural dimensions and fosters cross-border collaboration across the Western Balkan economies. Findings aim to provide actionable policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of S3 strategies in fostering development and innovation for rural development, through a place-based approach on the Western Balkans economies. By identifying opportunities, sectoral synergies, and areas requiring further attention, this report contributes to the broader goal of integrating rural development more effectively into national and regional innovation policies in the region, particularly with reference to the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans and the Innovation Agenda. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145560 |
| By: | Sandal, Leif K. (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Dynamic optimization encompasses a wide range of research questions in both theoretical and applied economics. This paper presents a simple, fast-converging iterative scheme capable of generating highquality analytic (closed-form) approximations—including explicit error bounds—for a class of nonlinear problems. The algorithm is also well-suited for producing numerical solutions. We define and operationalize the concepts of dynamic rents and potential rents, and show how our approach leverages a balancing relation between these rents to derive optimal policies. A powerful result emerges for zero discounting, where the exact Catching-up optimal policy is obtained in a single iteration. By applying a specific initial seed within our general framework, it recovers known results from the bioeconomics literature, illustrating the constructive nature of our theorem and the versatility of the procedure. It provides previously unavailable error bounds, enhancing both their theoretical robustness and practical applicability. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic and potential rents; Renewable resource economics; Closed form approximations; Capital dynamic modeling; Zero discounting and optimality |
| JEL: | C60 C61 Q20 |
| Date: | 2026–06–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2026_007 |
| By: | Joon Mo Ahn (Korea University); Ji Eun Jung (Korea University); Zhixian Jin (Korea University) |
| Abstract: | 미·중 반도체 갈등과 러시아–우크라이나 전쟁을 계기로 글로벌 가치사슬(GVC)의 취약성이 심화되면서, 기술은 더 이상 단순한 산업 자본이 아니라 국가의 무역·외교·안보·정치 전반을 좌우하는 전략 자산으로 부상하였다. 미국은 「CHIPS and Science Act」와 「Inflation Reduction Act」를 통해 연구개발, 공급망, 신산업을 결합한 혁신 기반 경제안보 전략을 추진하고 있으며, 이에 대응해 유럽을 중심으로 기술주권론(Technological sovereignty)이 대두되었다. 기술주권론은 국가가 번영과 경쟁력에 핵심적인 기술을 독자적으로 개발하고 조달해 일방적인 의존을 관리 및 완화하는 능력을 확보하는 것을 목표로 한다는 이론이다. Amid the intensifying U.S.–China semiconductor conflict and the Russia–Ukraine war, the vulnerabilities of global value chains (GVCs) have deepened, elevating technology from a mere industrial asset to a strategic lever shaping national trade, diplomacy, security, and politics. The United States has pursued an innovation-based economic security strategy that integrates R&D, supply chains, and emerging industries through the CHIPS and Science Act and the IRA, while Europe has responded by advancing the concept of technology sovereignty. Technology sovereignty emphasizes a nation’s ability to independently develop and procure critical technologies essential for national prosperity and competitiveness, thereby mitigating unilateral dependencies. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Sovereign AI;Economic Security;AI |
| Date: | 2026–02–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022565 |
| By: | Arizmendi, Luis-Felipe |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the bilateral economic corridor between Bangladesh and Spain (2000–2025). Using an augmented gravity model with HAC standard errors, results reveal that Bangladesh’s export volume is highly elastic with respect to domestic GDP growth (β = 2.20) and decoupled from Spanish business cycles. Structural break analysis shows that post-2013 compliance reforms increased buyer trust, although growth elasticity is maturing. Building on evidence from sustainable finance, the paper argues that after Bangladesh’s LDC graduation in 2029, high-transparency ESG lending will be essential to meet EU requirements. The strategic recommendations, therefore, emphasize industrial upgrading and export diversification to sustain this important economic partnership. |
| Keywords: | Bilateral trade, Augmented gravity model, LDC graduation, ESG compliance, Sustainable lending, Spain-Bangladesh relations. |
| JEL: | F14 F16 F43 O15 |
| Date: | 2026–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129179 |
| By: | 周勇 (中国石油大学（华东）) |
| Abstract: | Based on the value of mountain villas and the problems they face, this paper proposes a new design approach for mountain villas using electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft as the primary means of transportation. The advantages of this new type of mountain villa are: 1) No need to construct roads; they can be built on any terrain, even on isolated peaks, allowing residents to stay far away from bustling cities without inconvenience. 2) The scenery and privacy will be of the highest order, offering residents a breathtaking living experience and ultimate enjoyment. These villas will set a new benchmark for luxury estates and are also suitable for high end vacation and leisure development. 3) The environmental impact is within acceptable limits, and at the same time, these villas will add new landscape features to mountainous areas. However, there are also some non negligible issues, such as construction costs, eVTOL traffic safety, seismic and wind resistance of the buildings, and public perception. These issues are discussed in detail. |
| Date: | 2026–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:vrcza_v1 |
| By: | Chlebna, Camilla (ZSI - Zentrum für Soziale Innovation GmbH); Maruejols, Lucie (Christian Albrechts Universität zu Kiel) |
| Abstract: | In this contribution, we explore the dynamics of emerging agrivoltaics systems in Germany. Agrivoltaics combine solar energy panels and agricultural production on a single plot and are commonly promoted as a win-win solution which addresses energy needs and upholds food security whilst being land-efficient. Existing work tends to treat agrivoltaics from a purely empirical or techno-economic perspective which gives limited recognition to its origin from two pre-existing socio-technical systems which come with established structures. Instead, we characterise it as a new, combined system, emerging from the combination of the pre-existing solar energy and agriculture systems. We therefore adopt a multi-system interaction (MSI) perspective and focus on the institutional dimension since we find the institutionalisation process highly relevant for enabling the integration of the systems. We adopt Scott’s (2009) institutional pillars (the normative, the cultural-cognitive, and the regulative pillar) and suggest that their interaction affects the process of institutionalisation of combined systems. The empirical analysis of agrivoltaics in Germany highlights the important role of a shared understanding of the combined system (cultural-cognitive pillar). Motivations and values, in combination with normative framings about agrivoltaics (normative pillar) impact the decision-making of stakeholders regarding investments but also regarding their engagement in the definition of shared rules (regulative pillar). These dynamics shape the process of institutionalisation guiding the development prospects of agrivoltaics. |
| Keywords: | Agrivoltaics; multisystem interaction; institutions; solar energy; agriculture |
| JEL: | O13 |
| Date: | 2026–06–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2026_006 |
| By: | Taimur Shah (Harvard's Growth Lab); Lucila Venturi; Ricardo Hausmann (Harvard's Growth Lab) |
| Abstract: | Bolivia’s agricultural sector has grown faster over the past two decades than in any period since 1960, but this growth has been driven by the expansion of cultivated area rather than by improvements in productivity, while the prevailing policy regime has restricted exports and left significant potential unrealized. Yields for key crops continue to underperform regional peers, and continued expansion of the agricultural frontier risks both environmental costs and reduced access to international markets that increasingly penalize deforestation-linked products. Drawing on cross-country comparisons, case studies of Bolivia’s major crops, and lessons from Peruvian agricultural diversification, this analysis identifies a recurring set of production- and market-side constraints, including restrictions on transgenic seeds, weak R&D and extension services, phytosanitary and logistics gaps, and the lack of commercially-oriented irrigation. Because these constraints interact differently across Bolivia’s diverse agricultural geography, we propose launching a National Strategy for Agricultural Potential to enable each of Bolivia’s distinct agricultural regions to reach its productive frontier. Export diversification would emerge as a natural outcome as more of Bolivia’s regions realize their potential, generating the additional foreign exchange needed to ease the country’s ongoing macroeconomic crisis. |
| Keywords: | Bolivia, agriculture |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:glh:wpfacu:265 |
| By: | Igor Cialenco; Michael Ludkovski |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the emergence of local groundwater exchanges, we construct and analyze stochastic models of dynamic groundwater markets. Our primary focus is endogenizing the price formation and groundwater pumping strategies in a closed market with stochastic groundwater allocations and opportunities for intertemporal transfer through rights banking. In our model, several agents, interpreted as farmers or agricultural districts, make competitive decisions on water consumption to produce a basket of goods, as well as on trading allocations among themselves, or banking them for future periods. We define the respective discrete-time non-zero-sum non-cooperative game and construct its sub-game perfect Nash equilibria characterized by the groundwater price process $\{p^\circ(t)\}$. We furthermore construct an algorithm to determine equilibrium strategies and prices through a machine learning approach on top of best-response iterations. Extensive numerical experiments illustrate dynamic phenomena, including the role of groundwater recharge dynamics, agents' risk aversion and groundwater allocations. Our model provides insights into competitive effects in environmental markets with banking features. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.26363 |
| By: | Jeong Gon Kim (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | I. Gaps in Global AI Adoption<p> As artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping the global economy and society as a general-purpose technology (GPT), there is increasing concern that disparities in countries’ capacity to adopt AI may further widen. While AI holds significant potential to enhance productivity, foster economic growth, and expand trade, its benefits may become concentrated in a limited number of leading countries and firms due to the unequal distribution of technology, capital, talent, and data. In particular, many developing countries face structural constraints in adopting AI, primarily due to insufficient digital infrastructure, limited human capital, and underdeveloped institutional frameworks. Over the medium to long term, these constraints risk exacerbating global growth gaps and socioeconomic inequality. <p> We employ the IMF’s AI Preparedness Index (AIPI) to assess national AI adoption capacity by income group. As shown in Figure 1, there are substantial cross-national gaps in AI preparedness. High-income countries generally have foundations in regulation and ethics, digital infrastructure, human capital, and innovation. Upper-middle-income countries are heterogeneous as a group, but many are likely to have a strong willingness to accelerate innovation based upon a substantial level of human capital. For lower-middle- and low-income countries, improving digital infrastructure is an urgent priority while also treating development of human resources as a key policy consideration (see Figure 2). <p> These cross-country gaps are closely linked to differences in the level of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals. SDG indicators show a strong correlation with AIPI, suggesting that the achievement of the SDGs has a significant influence as a foundational condition for AI readiness (see Table 1). |
| Keywords: | AI divide between countries; AI for development |
| Date: | 2026–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022515 |
| By: | Nosan Klara; Aycart Javier (European Commission - JRC); Tomasi Claudio; Ibáñez Juan Nicolás (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "The Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) sets out minimum requirements for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure across EU Member States along the Trans-European Transport (TEN-T) road network. This report outlines the methods and algorithms developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to monitor the deployment of alternative fuels recharging infrastructure, such as electric vehicle charging points and hydrogen refuelling stations, along TEN-T. The result of the methodology is a Gap Analysis Tool, which quantifies the compliance of EU Member States with the distance-based coverage targets along TEN-T set out in AFIR. The tool first combines the data available from the TENtec Information System with the high-resolution road transport network dataset TomTom MultiNet, to build a routable representation of TEN-T. The detailed topology for road segments and the information on traffic directions, traffic restrictions and travel speeds allow to simulate real-world driving conditions on the TEN-T road network, as well as driving between recharging points and the TEN-T network. In a second step, the tool incorporates a high-resolution charging infrastructure dataset into the transport network model built, to assess the coverage of the network by the charging infrastructure. The report includes three case studies on the results of the Gap Analysis Tool, applied to assess the compliance with different AFIR targets for light-duty electric vehicles along the TEN-T comprehensive road network and the TEN-T core road network, as well as to identify eligibility requirements as part of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Facility (AFIF). Through extensive precomputation and customisable parametrisation, the Gap Analysis Tool ensures computational efficiency while enabling comprehensive scenario analysis and customisable parametrisation, to align with the AFIR targets under evaluation. Built on high-resolution data sources, it supports realistic driving modelling, enhancing the accuracy of policy assessments. The Gap Analysis Tool is the result of a collaboration under the administrative agreement between DG MOVE and the JRC, entitled ""Analysis of the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure in the EU Based on High-Resolution Transport Networks"" (AFIRNET)." |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc144411 |
| By: | Ahmed, Owais; Siddiqui, Danish Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This study explores how the influence of Industry 4.0 technologies affects circular economy (CE) adoption. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT), the study develops a conceptual model incorporating smart manufacturing technologies, data processing capabilities, and IT infrastructure as drivers of digital transformation. We contend that Industry 4.0 technologies such as Smart Manufacturing, and Data Processing technologies, increase Supply Chain integration (SCI), which will in turn enhance Supply chain collaboration, and visibility leading to a Circular Economy (CE). We also infer that the effect of Industry 4.0 technologies on SCI is moderated by IT Advancement in a way that high levels of advancement will make these relationships more pronounced. Using data collected from 343 professionals across diverse industries in Pakistan, the model is tested through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings reveal that smart manufacturing and data processing technologies significantly enhance SCI, which in turn positively affects collaboration, visibility, and circularity. IT advancement strengthens the relationship between digital technologies and SCI. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of digital transformation and sustainability and offers practical guidance for firms aiming to build resilient and environmentally responsible supply chains. |
| Keywords: | Industry 4.0, Supply Chain Integration, Circular Economy, Smart Manufacturing, IT Advancement, PLS-SEM, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:341047 |
| By: | Benson, Todd; Cockx, Lara; De Weerdt, Joachim |
| Abstract: | While smallholder farming has been and remains at the center of agricultural transformation efforts in Malawi, the limited success of smallholder-centered agricultural development strategies has led policymakers to explore alternative approaches. One emerging approach involves larger farms or agribusiness firms partnering with smallholder farming households, in what we will refer to as an anchor enterprise model. Under this model, smallholder farming households contribute land and labor to produce crops or livestock products that serve as inputs for, or are marketed jointly with, the anchor enterprise. In return, the anchor enterprise provides support such as technical assistance, inputs, transport, or storage. This partnership is intended to be commercial and mutually beneficial. While support for such partnerships is growing and the anchor enterprise model is increasingly being used in development programming in Malawi, there is still little clarity on what they involve, what they aim to achieve, and the conditions they need for success. This study seeks to address these questions and assess whether such linkages between larger farms or agrifood processors and smallholder farming households can contribute to sustainable, resilient, and inclusive wealth creation in Malawi. The findings from this study are also summarized in a policy note (Benson, Cockx, and De Weerdt, 2025). Anchor enterprise partnerships can be valuable development models in specific contexts. In particular, they can help both larger enterprises and smallholders overcome constraints imposed by weaknesses in Malawi’s factor, input, and output markets, enabling both land and labor to be used more productively. However, the viability of the model depends heavily on the nature of the product at its center. Anchor enterprise models are generally not suitable for grain or other generic staple crops. For such products, partnerships are costly and carry high risk since farmers can easily find and sell to other buyers than their anchor enterprise partner if market prices rise above the agreed price for the partnership (side-selling). Similarly, if market prices drop below the agreed price, enterprises may buy elsewhere (side-buying). Rather, these partnerships are most likely to be economically justified for higher value, less widely grown, more specialized, more complex to produce or process, or highly perishable agricultural products. For these products, the risk of default is lower as the reduction in transaction costs provides both parties with strong incentives for maintaining a longer-term commercial relationship. These incentives are especially important as the legal framework governing commercial partnerships in Malawi's agrifood sector remains underdeveloped. Formal contracts were found to be important but not central to successful anchor enterprise operations. Partnerships that endure are built on a strong economic rationale, clear financial incentives for all parties, and a degree of bilateral dependency. Anchor enterprise models cannot be profitably and sustainably employed for many types of commercial agricultural production in Malawi. Consequently, only a small portion of farming households can directly participate, and the poorest and most vulnerable are generally less likely to be included. Nonetheless, where such models work well, they can deliver indirect benefits to the broader rural community, including its poorer and more vulnerable members, by stimulating local demand for labor, goods, and services. Complementary interventions aimed at strengthening the capacity of the poorest households to capture these indirect benefits may, however, be necessary for the model to contribute meaningfully to inclusive development. A model centered around commercial farms or agro-processors requires an enabling environment for such enterprises to operate effectively. This includes macroeconomic stability, an investment climate that facilitates private investment in agribusiness, and trade and exchange rate policies that support formal exports. To be sustainable, anchor enterprise models must be grounded in a strong economic rationale for partnering. Government and development partners can, however, support such partnerships without eroding their commercial foundations by, for example, investing in new institutions for conflict prevention and resolution, providing enterprises with assistance in managing relationships with smallholder partners, organizing financial and business training for farmers to reduce information asymmetries, or supporting organizations that can act as effective third-party intermediaries. |
| Keywords: | smallholders; agro-industrial sector; enterprises; agro-industrial complexes; economic development; Malawi; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southern Africa |
| Date: | 2026–04–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspp:182535 |
| By: | Ecker, Olivier; Guo, Zhe; Li, Hanxi; Di, Liping |
| Abstract: | An innovative remote sensing study piloted in two sites (Mukalla and Qusayir) in Hadramawt Governorate, Yemen, reveals the following key findings: Deep learning using very high resolution satellite imagery can accurately detect small artisanal fishing boats. The YOLO11 Oriented Bounding Boxes model performs best, with an overall accuracy of 96.9 percent, and enables measuring boat size and identifying boat types. Mukalla’s fleet numbered around 800 operational boats in 2021–2024, most of which were houris, while sanbuqs accounted for 6.9 percent. Qusayir’s fleet numbered 450 boats, all of which were houris. The composition of the combined Mukalla and Qusayir fleets by boat type and length class is similar to the composition of Hadramawt’s entire fleet, as shown by a recent landing site survey. Approximated fish-catch capacities of the Mukalla and Qusayir fleets indicate that current boat sizes are not a notable constraint to increasing the productivity of these artisanal fisheries. The proposed remote sensing approach is an important first step toward development of a cost-effective tool for monitoring and analyzing artisanal fishing activities in Southern Yemen and beyond. |
| Keywords: | fisheries; artisanal fisheries; remote sensing; modelling; cost analysis; measurement; Yemen; Middle East; Asia |
| Date: | 2026–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:menapn:182787 |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute; Marshall, Quinn; Margolies, Amy; Moursi, Mourad |
| Abstract: | Specific considerations for planning and conducting assessments in urban contexts are detailed in this Urban Considerations resource, a supplement to other guidance available through the Urban Food Environments and Diets (UFED) web tool. The document covers topics such as sampling of urban communities, participatory mapping of food environments, data collection in slums and informal settlements, and identification and classification of ultra-processed foods and food consumed away from home. The Urban Considerations resource also provides a set of recommendations for improving linkages between dietary and food environment assessments, starting at the planning and design stages. |
| Keywords: | diet; urban areas; food environment; assessment |
| Date: | 2026–02–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resrep:181795 |
| By: | David Levinson; Isaac Mann (TransportLab, School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | We introduce Access Surplus as a welfare measure that frames accessibility in a market-like form: the inverse cumulative cost to reach the next opportunity is the ‘supply, ’ and the willingness to pay for one more choice is the ‘demand.’ The area where demand exceeds supply, up to a natural stop point, is Access Surplus . The metric avoids arbitrary cut-offs, is additive over residents, links clearly to project effects, and stays transparent when only origin–destination times and counts are available. |
| Keywords: | transportation, accessibility |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nex:wpaper:paper-2025-07 |
| By: | Zhenshan Chen (Virginia Tech); Klaus Moeltner (Virginia Tech); Matthew Mair (Virginia Tech) |
| Abstract: | Hedonic price models are widely used to assess how environmental amenities affect property values, yet methodological guidance for estimating direct price effects remains sparse. We conduct an empirical Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the performance of traditional and causal machine learning approaches for estimating the direct unmediated price effect of spatially delineated amenities on treated properties (DUET), a conservative lower-bound approximation for welfare changes with direct applications to benefit-cost analysis. Where previous simulations rely on parametric assumptions, we retain the actual data-generating process underlying over 1 million property transactions from upstate New York (1990--2024). By randomly assigning "treatment locations" across iterations we establish a "ground truth" that allows us to precisely measure estimation error. Our results demonstrate that generalized difference-in-differences (DID) regression consistently outperforms baseline DID and two-way fixed effects models across all scenarios. Causal Machine Learning (CML) methods, particularly causal forest DID, achieve comparable performance to generalized DID in most scenarios. In larger samples (above 3, 000 treated) increasingly common in contemporary hedonic studies, CML approaches offer substantial advantages when properly specified. Based on empirical simulation results, we provide a set of method-specific best practice recommendations for both traditional regression and causal machine learning approaches. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2606.02795 |