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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Vedunka Kopecna (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Charles University, Environment Center); Inaki Veruete Villegas (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic & Charles University, Environment Center) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the long-term macroeconomic and environmental impacts of climate policies in the Czech Republic, a coal-dependent economy, under the EU´s Fit-for-55 package. Using a hybrid dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, we integrate a bottom-up electricity module with technology-specific detail and a discrete choice module capturing consumer preferences for vehicle technologies. The model, formulated as a mixed complementarity problem in GAMS, accounts for capacity constraints in power generation and endogenizes vehicle fleet evolution based on choice probabilities. We evaluate two scenarios: With Existing Measures (WEM), reflecting current policies, and With Additional Measures (WAM), which includes coal phase-out, expanded renewables, and the introduction of ETS2. Results show that WAM leads to more than 60% reduction in power sector CO2 emissions by 2040 and 80% battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption by 2050. However, green investments under WAM do not balance out structural shifts - especially in fossil-related sectors - negatively influencing GDP. This integrated top-down and bottom-up modeling approach offers a robust framework for evaluating economy-wide effects of climate action. Findings inform cost-effective and socially balanced decarbonization strategies for Czech and EU policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Hybrid CGE model; Green Transition; Climate policies; Energy and transport |
| JEL: | C68 D12 D58 H22 H23 Q43 Q52 R42 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2026_06 |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Hastreiter, Nikolaus |
| Abstract: | Corporate commitments to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by around the middle of the century have spread rapidly in recent years and are now a prominent feature of corporate climate strategy. These targets are often used to judge corporate climate leadership and shape engagement with investors and other stakeholders. Yet it is unclear whether these targets lead to meaningful near-term change or are largely symbolic. In this paper, the authors address this issue by examining whether firms that adopt long-term net zero targets subsequently reduce their carbon emissions or strengthen their climate-related management and governance. Drawing on multiple datasets on emissions and corporate climate practices, and comparing firms that have adopted net zero targets with those that have not, the authors assess how companies change before and after making these commitments. The results show little evidence that adopting a long-term net zero target leads to large or immediate emissions cuts, or to broad changes in climate governance. However, the findings do not support the view that these commitments are purely empty promises. Carbon emissions estimates are consistent with gradual reductions, while some of the more demanding and forward-looking management practices improve around the time of adoption. Overall, the paper suggests that corporate net zero targets are best understood as part of a gradual process of organisational change, rather than as either purely symbolic gestures or immediate drivers of transformation. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; corporate governance; corporate sustainability; net zero target |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138242 |
| By: | Galanis, Giorgos; Ricchiuti, Giorgio; Tippet, Ben |
| Abstract: | Do climate disasters accelerate mitigation policy, or can they slow it down? We develop a political-economy model in which disasters simultaneously (i) raise the perceived returns to mitigation by increasing the salience of climate risk, amplified by diagnostic expectations, and (ii) tighten fiscal constraints by destroying output and triggering reconstruction. Contrary to the focusing events literature, we show that more extreme disasters are, under identifiable conditions, less likely to produce mitigation policy rather than more. The model delivers an attention-policy translation failure: sufficiently severe disasters can increase perceived climate risk and demand for climate action while reducing mitigation policy output in the near to medium run. In a dynamic extension, the mitigation shortfall can persist for a decade through capital dynamics even as beliefs revert. We empirically illustrate the mechanism using the 1990 Western European windstorm cluster as a natural experiment, where highly exposed countries show rising public concern alongside a relative slowdown in mitigation legislation over the subsequent decade, consistent with the model’s defocusing channel. |
| JEL: | D72 D91 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137994 |
| By: | Prodani, Klaudia; Goumet, Laudine |
| Abstract: | Financial actors are increasingly attempting to measure their impact on nature and related financial risks. Drawing on their experience with climate, they often seek a single aggregated biodiversity metric for reasons of simplicity and pragmatism. However, this carbon-inspired approach to biodiversity is unnecessary and harmful. There is a broad scientific consensus that no single metric can capture the multiple dimensions of biodiversity. The growing use of aggregated biodiversity footprints in finance risks producing misleading signals for financial practitioners, who sometimes treat these aggregated impact metrics as proxies for nature-related transition risks. Current biodiversity footprinting methods are coarse, highly model-dependent and often unable to distinguish between the best- and worst-performing companies within the same sector. Moreover, different footprinting models account for different direct drivers and, accordingly, often lead to different footprint estimates for the same company. Market participants can easily use this divergence to claim that more time is needed to devise better methods and metrics, thereby delaying action. Instead of waiting for improved metrics, policymakers should require more easily understandable, verifiable and actionable disclosures of corporate pressure on biodiversity. Such disclosures would address companies’ contributions to the direct drivers (pressures) of biodiversity loss: land-/sea-use change, greenhouse gas emissions, direct exploitation of organisms, pollution and the introduction of invasive species. These disclosures would be better proxies for nature-related transition risks than aggregated biodiversity footprints. Nonetheless, improved disclosures and the successful management and supervision of nature-related financial risks are far from sufficient by themselves. Addressing biodiversity loss and environmental degradation will require moving beyond the risk paradigm. |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138285 |
| By: | Falagiarda, Matteo; Ongena, Steven; Scopelliti, Alessandro; Beyene, Winta |
| Abstract: | Transitioning to a sustainable economy and reducing air pollution hinge on appropriate economic incentives and financing conditions. The auto loan market offers a prime setting, as lenders’ credit terms can either discourage or incentivize the purchase of high-pollution vehicles. Using loan-level data, we examine how captive and independent banks adjust lending conditions in response to information and regulatory shocks affecting diesel vehicles. Exploiting the 2015 diesel emissions scandal and the introduction of local circulation restrictions, we show that lending responses differ systematically across lender types, with captive banks tending to weaken, rather than reinforce, the effectiveness of environmental regulation for air pollution. JEL Classification: G21, G51, Q53, Q58 |
| Keywords: | captive banks, car circulation restrictions, car loans, diesel emissions scandal, independent banks |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263228 |
| By: | Alla Semenova |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the growing impacts of climate change in the US homeowner's insurance industry. As climate change-driven weather extremes and natural disasters have accelerated in their frequency and severity, they have inflicted increasingly more residential property damage and destruction, leading to surging losses and claims payouts for the US homeowner's insurance industry. Faced with worsening underwriting performance, the US home insurers have responded with higher homeowner's insurance premiums, reduced home insurance coverage, policy non-renewals, exits from high-risk geographic areas, and other changes to their business practices. Such climate-driven actions by home insurers have led to a crisis of homeowner's insurance affordability, availability, and protection. This crisis further undermines homeownership affordability, eroding homeowner finances, and threatening the stability of the US financial system. By focusing on the US homeowner's insurance industry, this paper provides a case study on the growing economic costs and impacts of climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change; extreme weather; homeowner’s insurance; home ownership affordability; homeowner finances; financial stability; federal policy |
| JEL: | D14 E31 E44 G01 G21 G22 G28 G51 G52 Q54 R31 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lev:wrkpap:wp_1115 |
| By: | Bharti Nandwani (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Ishita Verma (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of India's landmark Forest Rights Act (FRA), which granted indigenous forest-dwelling communities legal rights to manage and protect forests, on the incidence of forest fires. Combining high-resolution satellite fire data with a village-level panel, we exploit pre-reform variation in forest cover in a difference-in-differences framework to identify the causal impact of the FRA on the occurrence and intensity of forest fires. We find that, following FRA, villages with greater forest cover experienced significant reductions in the likelihood and severity of fires. District-level data on the actual distribution of forest land titles corroborate these results. We further show that the decline in forest fires is accompanied by broader environmental improvements, including reductions in PM2.5 concentrations and burned area, highlighting the ecological gains from community-based forest governance. |
| Keywords: | Forest land rights, Property rights, Forest Fires, Environment, Common pool resources, Forest governance, Satellite data |
| JEL: | Q15 Q23 Q54 O13 H41 K11 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2026-006 |
| By: | Stomps, Boris; Can, Muhlis; Brusselaers, Jan |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the environmental implications of biotrade openness, defined as the trade of biodiversity-based products as a share of GDP, within OECD countries between 2010 and 2022. Drawing on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and trade–environment nexus frameworks, the research aims to assess whether biotrade contributes to ecological sustainability in trade by reducing the ecological footprint. To address this objective, we construct a panel dataset for 37 OECD economies and apply a suite of advanced econometric techniques. These include cross-sectionally augmented IPS (CIPS) unit root tests, Westerlund cointegration tests, method of moments quantile regression (MMQR), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), and Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests. The ecological footprint, sourced from the Global Footprint Network, serves as the primary indicator of environmental pressure. Empirical findings confirm the presence of an EKC relationship: economic growth initially increases ecological footprint, but after a threshold, further growth leads to environmental improvements. Most notably, biotrade openness exerts a consistent and statistically significant negative effect on the ecological footprint. This suggests that expanding biodiversity-based trade reduces environmental stress. These results have important policy implications. For OECD countries, promoting biotrade appears to be a viable strategy for aligning economic growth with environmental sustainability. The findings also support the integration of biotrade into environmental policy frameworks, trade agreements, and biodiversity conservation strategies. Policymakers should further incentivize sustainable supply chains and verify compliance with BioTrade principles to fully realize environmental gains. |
| Keywords: | Biotrade Openness; Trade; Ecological Footprint; Biodiversity; OECD; EKC; Quantile Regression; Sustainability. |
| JEL: | O1 O11 O13 Q5 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128368 |
| By: | Pablo Garcia Sanchez; Olivier Pierrard |
| Abstract: | Recent empirical evidence reveals an income gradient in support for climate action: individuals in wealthier countries are less willing to pay, as a percentage of their income, than those in poorer countries. What explains this gradient, and what does it imply for international cooperation to protect the Earth’s climate? We answer these questions using a heterogeneous-country integrated assessment model formulated as a mean field game and calibrated to historical economic and climate data. Poorer countries, facing higher marginal utility of consumption, cut consumption less to cushion the decline in capital accumulation caused by climate damages. As a result, they suffer larger relative losses from climate change over time and gain more from mitigation, making them more inclined to accept a global carbon tax. This gradient has stark implications for cooperation: even when a carbon tax large enough to contain temperature increases benefits most countries, the richest might oppose. Redistributing global carbon tax proceeds uniformly across countries or recycling them as green investment subsidies need not overcome this reluctance. |
| Keywords: | Neoclassical Growth Model; Mean Field Game; Climate Policy |
| JEL: | C61 H23 Q50 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcl:bclwop:bclwp205 |
| By: | Greenhill, Simon; Hsiang, Solomon; Balboni, Clare; Barrage, Lint; Bolliger, Ian W.; Boomhower, Judson; Diaz, Delavane; Druckenmiller, Hannah; Garg, Teevrat; Hino, Miyuki; Hong, Harrison; Kousky, Carolyn; Martinich, Jeremy; Nath, Ishan; Oremus, Kimberly L.; Park, R. Jisung; Phan, Toan; Proctor, Jonathan; Rafey, Will; Sarofim, Marcus C.; Schlenker, Wolfram; Simon, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | Even under the most ambitious greenhouse gas emissions mitigation scenarios, climate change will continue to affect human well-being for generations, with the severity of these impacts differing across mitigation pathways. Adapting to climate change is thus a necessary complement to mitigation. Because individuals, businesses, and communities benefit directly from their adaptation choices, the incentives they face as individuals to adapt are generally stronger than the incentives they face to mitigate emissions. Yet evidence to date suggests that communities are not systematically adapting to recent climate changes (1). What can policy-makers do to facilitate adaptation? Here, we draw on a burgeoning field of economic research on climate adaptation to identify when and how markets can be a promising tool for effective and efficient adaptation. |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2026–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137221 |
| By: | Rick van der Ploeg; Anthony J. Venables |
| Abstract: | Using a dynamic model in which heterogenous consumers make forward-looking choices between brown and green durable goods, we establish conditions under which peer effects lead to multiple steady states. There is a critical threshold that policy needs to exceed to create a feasible transition path between states. We analyse the feasibility, speed, and cost of transition. Pigouvian policies internalising the externalities with climate damage and peer effects may be insufficient to lead to a green transition; even if they are, they may not yield net benefits. |
| Keywords: | peer effects, multiple steady states, green transition |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12647 |
| By: | Nguyen, Son |
| Abstract: | Climate adaptation planning still treats waste largely as a background service problem, while zero-waste advocacy often frames transformation mainly through mitigation, recycling, or circular economy efficiency. This paper asks: how can zero-waste thinking be translated into a concise, policy-usable framework that helps governments, institutions, businesses, and civic actors integrate waste and resource management into climate adaptation plans? Drawing on regional adaptation guidance, urban resilience literature, research on informal waste workers, and emerging circular economy methods, the paper develops a five-part framework for adaptation planning: risk mapping, waste-stream prioritisation, option design, actor integration, and institutional embedding. The argument is that zero waste should be treated not as a downstream environmental add-on but as an upstream resilience logic that reduces exposure, eases public health burdens, protects infrastructure, and strengthens local livelihoods, especially in climate-vulnerable cities. The paper’s anticipated contribution is threefold: it reframes zero waste as an adaptation strategy; it centres informal waste workers as resilience actors rather than residual labour; and it positions GXS and the Global Zero Waste Forum as ecosystem accelerators capable of convening pilots, peer learning, and policy translation across Asia and beyond. |
| Date: | 2026–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:fmz9g_v1 |
| By: | Jackson, James; Larsen, Mathias |
| Abstract: | As China increasingly leads the world in green industries, the country is a critical case for the debate on climate change in political economy. While climate change is now less of a blind spot than previously, the debate is obstructed by an inadequate grasp of the complexities of China, stemming from the disciplinary isolation of ‘China studies’ and the political isolation of the country itself. In this commentary, we address this problem by presenting a structured approach to understanding the case of China. We distill insights from different literature to offer an account of the political economy of China’s green transition, centering on three key insights. As umbrella terms that work as shorthands for summarizing the three literatures, we propose that China can be understood as: (1) ‘green authoritarianism’ – a political model that conceptualizes the political motives and processes underlying China’s climate governance. (2) ‘green state-steering’ - central-local-private relations that combine top-down and bottom-up approaches to advance climate priorities. (3) ‘green economic planning’ - an approach to industrial policy, such as the ‘Made In China 2025 Strategy’, that guides and organizes climate governance over time. Our intention is that these insights can help connect the scholarship on China with the scholarship on the political economy of climate change by facilitating non-China specialists in both drawing from and relating their work to the country. |
| Keywords: | China; climate change; Authoritarianism; Economic planning; green transition; Political economy |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–04–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138302 |
| By: | Vincent Blanfort (UMR SELMET - Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Julien Demenois (UPR AIDA - Agroécologie et intensification durables des cultures annuelles - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Marie Hrabanski (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Nicolas Viovy (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jacques-André Ndione (ARAA - Agence régionale pour l'agriculture et l'alimentation); Moussa Waongo (AGRHYMET - Centre régional AGRHYMET); Maguette Kaire (AGRHYMET - Centre régional AGRHYMET); Lilian Blanc (UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Sylvain Schmitt (UPR Forêts et Sociétés - Forêts et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Séverine Bouard (Lincoln University [Nouvelle-Zélande]); Catherine Sabinot (UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - AU - Avignon Université - UR - Université de La Réunion - UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - UG - Université de Guyane - UA - Université des Antilles - UM - Université de Montpellier); Pierre François Duyck (UMR PVBMT - Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UR - Université de La Réunion - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Philippe Birnbaum (UMR AMAP - Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Audrey Leopold (IAC - Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien); Julien Drouin (IAC - Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien); Fabian Carriconde (IAC - Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien); Laurent L'Huillier (IAC - Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien); Christophe Menkes (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie] - Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien - IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Délégation Ifremer de Nouvelle-Calédonie - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The atlas presented in this work analyses the challenges of climate change for agri-food systems, first through the lens of (1) greenhouse gas emissions, then (2) the impacts of climate change on the land sector, followed by (3) the question of the effects of climate change and mitigation challenges, and finally (4) by adopting an analysis by major regions. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05575148 |
| By: | Viet Trinh; Tan Nguyen; Minh-Huyen Phan; Quan Luu |
| Abstract: | This study presents a novel, AI-driven framework for assessing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in European small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). An initial phase established expert-validated ESG baseline scores from a subset of the Flash Eurobarometer FL549 survey data. In the second phase, a scalable AI agent system, built on the n8n automation platform, applied these baselines to perform automated ESG classification and generate contextual recommendations using large language models (LLMs). The results demonstrate the AI system's high consistency with human-derived outputs, thereby supporting more effective monitoring and intervention strategies aligned with the European Green Deal. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.00841 |
| By: | Davide Cipullo; Massimiliano Gaetano Onorato; Gianmario Pelleschi |
| Abstract: | We study the long-run health effects of illegal toxic waste disposal conducted by organized crime in Italy. We exploit quasi-random variation in historical wind direction around contaminated sites combined with a difference-in-differences design. Using administrative data on cancer deaths spanning four decades, we find that wind exposure to pollutants increases the number of cancer deaths substantially. The effects emerge after long latencies and grow over time. In later years, wind exposure implies roughly two additional cancer deaths per municipality-year relative to unexposed municipalities equally proximate to contaminated sites. Our findings reveal a previously unmeasured health externality of organized crime. |
| Keywords: | organized crime, environmental externalities, pollution and health, state capacity, cancer mortality |
| JEL: | K42 Q53 I18 D62 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12644 |
| By: | Maria Alsina-Pujols; Isabel Hovdahl |
| Abstract: | We study how complementarity reshapes innovation incentives and the effectiveness of policies aimed at directing technological transitions. By incorporating energy storage into a macro-climate model, we show that when this enabling technology lags behind renewables, advances in renewable technology can paradoxically reduce incentives for clean innovation. We analytically characterize this novel indirect path dependency effect, which provides a new explanation for the post-2010 collapse in renewable patenting. Calibrated to the U.S. economy, we find that omitting storage overestimates climate policy effectiveness, optimal policy should prioritize storage over renewables, and halving the storage productivity gap increases annual welfare by 1%. |
| Keywords: | directed technical change, energy storage, climate policy, path dependency, energy transition |
| JEL: | O33 O44 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12664 |
| By: | Michael Finus (University of Graz, Austria); Paolo Zeppini (Universite Cote d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; Department of Economics, University of Bath, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | In a dynamic discrete choice model, we study the conditions under which a society transforms smoothly or abruptly at social tipping points to a sustainable lifestyle with less environmentally harmful consumption. Agents act either selfishly or prosocially, differing in how much they internalise environmental harm. Pro-social behaviour implies reduced consumption but yields a "warm-glow" reward. Choices are shaped by personal and social norms that evolve with aggregate behaviour. We consider also snobbism and exclusivity as well as state-dependent warm-glow, associated with various types of social crowding-out effects. We analyse long-run equilibria and social tipping points associated with equilibria bifurcations. Generally, behavioural changes can be associated with a positive and negative decision feedback. Strong social norms and social interaction generate multiple equilibria and social tipping points with a positive feedback and periodic dynamics with negative feedback. We show that marginal changes of parameters can lead to regime changes at social tipping points and many policy interventions may lead to unintended outcomes. For example, increasing environmental awareness can paradoxically lead to higher consumption and environmental damage due to marginal but also abrupt shifts in lifestyle choices. |
| Keywords: | discrete choice, social interactions, sustainable consumption, transitions, warm-glow |
| JEL: | C62 D62 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grz:wpaper:2026-08 |
| By: | Saffar, Mohammed; Gonzalez Islas, Emilio |
| Abstract: | This report examines how three major European public financial institutions (PFIs) – Bpifrance, KfW and Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP) – mobilise private capital to accelerate climate action. It distills practical lessons for PFIs and governments seeking to scale private investment for the green transition. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138142 |
| By: | Bugingo, Arnold; Mugabo, Lambert; MacDonald, Laura; Noriega, Abbie; Thomas, Evan; Muthike, Denis |
| Abstract: | Rural households in Rwanda face intensifying risks from climate variability, including erratic rainfall, recurrent droughts, and flooding that threaten food and water security. Households in areas with limited infrastructure and constrained livelihood options are particularly vulnerable due to reduced adaptive capacity. Drawing on longitudinal data from over 60, 000 household surveys and remote sensing observations, this study investigated the co-occurrence of household food and water insecurity and evaluated associations between geographical, biophysical, and socioeconomic factors and food insecurity outcomes. Approximately 19.4% of surveyed households—equivalent to about 2.8 million people nationally—experienced simultaneous food and water insecurity, with co-occurrence higher in the control group (21.1%) than in the intervention group (18.3%). A mixed-effects logistic regression revealed strong associations between food insecurity and water insecurity, household size, and income, with water insecurity increasing the odds of food insecurity by approximately 60%. These findings underscore the need for climate resilience programs in Rwanda to explicitly address the interplay between food and water insecurity alongside the mediating roles of climatic and non-climatic factors in shaping household well-being. |
| Date: | 2026–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:a89e5_v1 |
| By: | Arteaga Vallejo, Julian Gabriel; De Roux, Nicolas; Gáfaro, Margarita; Ibáñez, Ana María; Pellegrina, Heitor S. |
| Abstract: | We study how weather shocks affect the farm-size distribution and agricultural productivity. Using survey data from several developing countries, we document new empirical patterns in farm-size dynamics and the effect of weather shocks. Drawing on unique administrative data from Colombia with land-transaction records, census-based farm sizes, and household surveys on consumption and investment, we show that shocks intensify land market activity and increase the number of small farms, reducing average farm size within regions. We calibrate a heterogeneous-agent model that endogenizes the farm-size distribution and use it to study mechanisms and the dynamic effects of weather shocks and climate change. |
| JEL: | O13 Q15 Q12 Q54 D24 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14583 |
| By: | Kilgarrif, Kilgarriff (Central Bank of Ireland); Adhikari, Tamanna (Central Bank of Ireland) |
| Abstract: | Cumulative risk over a 30-year mortgage is substantial: Households with a high likelihood of flooding (a 10% annual probability) face a 96% cumulative probability of experiencing at least one flood event over the term of the mortgage. Flood exposure will intensify under future climate scenarios: Under a future climate scenario (mid-range future scenario), the number of households in high-likelihood flood zones rises by about 50%: from ~50, 000 today to ~78, 000 by 2100. This 78, 000 represents ~4% of total households in Ireland. Long-term mortgage exposure is significant: Between 6, 450 and 36, 700 mortgaged households (1.2% to 6.9% of all mortgaged households) are located in high-likelihood flood zones. Geographic concentration varies widely: Just five counties (Clare, Louth, Cork, Limerick and Dublin) account for 70% of the estimated total number of households exposed to high likelihood flooding. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:stafin:4/si/26 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Blue horizon 2025 offers an up-to-date summary of the progress made and challenges faced by the region in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 14 on the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development. It provides a compilation of key indicators that shed light on the strategic importance of the ocean in terms of well-being, the economy and sustainable development, together with a selection of key findings regarding each of the SDG 14 targets, in order to contribute to the Latin American and Caribbean countries’ understanding of existing trends, gaps and opportunities. The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) offers this document as a tool for decision-making and transformative policymaking to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, regional cooperation and efforts to build capacity and strengthen the oceanic sciences with a view to the consolidation of a sustainable, inclusive and resilient blue economy. A more detailed analysis and the full bibliography are available in Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (2025). Panorama del océano, los mares y los recursos marinos y su contribución al desarrollo sostenible de América Latina y el Caribe (LC/TS.2025/30). |
| Date: | 2026–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col093:84909 |
| By: | Abdelmonim Amachraa |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the complexities of the Moroccan agricultural model from a systemic and paradoxical viewpoint. It highlights the fundamental contradiction facing Moroccan agriculture: balancing export-driven growth and global competitiveness with rising ecological challenges and social inequalities, especially amid increasing water scarcity. Despite a strong export performance, Morocco’s agricultural sector remains fragile because of environmental and social vulnerabilities worsened by climate change and resource limitations. By reviewing national policy development and analyzing the tensions between economic, social, and environmental domains, this study proposes an integrative governance framework grounded in paradox theory. Using case studies from key value chains, including fertilizers, fruits and vegetables, sugar, and wheat, the research underscores the need for systemic governance, and questions the traditional techno-economic model. The findings indicate that Morocco’s agricultural transformation must align with broader global trends in industry, technology, and geopolitics. Policies should aim to balance strategic sovereignty with global integration and ecological transitions. The paper emphasizes that Morocco’s strategic assets, including its advantageous position in agricultural inputs and its emerging scientific ecosystem, can support necessary advancements in the agri-food sector, ultimately fostering a systemic model that combines economic prosperity and national sovereignty. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaagr:pp_08-26 |
| By: | Piero Ronzani; Wolfgang Stojetz; Sarah Fenzl; Siwar Hakim |
| Abstract: | Climate vulnerability assessments have traditionally relied on macro-level indices and physical exposure models, overlooking household-level heterogeneity and the behavioral determinants of vulnerability. To fill this gap, we develop a general, replicable Climate Vulnerability Index (CVI) that measures climate vulnerability at the household level by integrating experience-based exposure, sensitivity, and behavioral adaptive capacity, including risk preferences, time preferences, climate knowledge, and observed adaptive behaviors, into the established IPCC vulnerability framework. The index classifies households into Low, Stress, Crisis, and Emergency categories of climate vulnerability based on a transparent hierarchical logic. Second, we apply this framework to the 2024 UNHCR Vulnerability Assessment Framework (VAF) in Jordan, a representative survey of the UNHCR-registered refugee population (N = 5, 164 refugee households), producing the first behaviorally informed climate vulnerability profile of a national refugee population. Approximately 40 percent of households fall into concerning vulnerability categories and roughly 10 percent are classified as Emergency, with camp-based refugees systematically more vulnerable than those in host communities. Two validation exercises comparing self-reported exposure with objective climatic indicators and benchmarking the CVI against an independent national vulnerability mapping reveal that the household-level index captures dimensions of lived climate risk invisible to aggregate assessments. These findings underscore the value of integrating micro-level and behavioral dimensions into climate vulnerability measurement to improve targeting, anticipatory action, and resilience programming for displaced populations. |
| Keywords: | behavioral adaptation, climate adaptation, climate vulnerability, forced displacement, heat exposure, refugees, resilience |
| JEL: | D81 D91 F22 I32 O15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:454 |
| By: | Adriana Camacho (CAF); Leonardo Gasparini (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & CONICET); Luis Laguinge (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & CONICET); Jorge Puig (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP); Hernán Winkler (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | We study the responses of household electricity consumption to temperature changes, focusing on asymmetries between welfare deciles. Our analysis exploits a unique panel dataset for Peru that links household survey microdata with repeated administrative records on energy use and local temperature. Using fixed-effects models, we estimate how electricity consumption varies with temperature, highlighting the unequal capacity of households across income deciles to adapt to climate change. Based on this evidence, we propose and implement a novel measure of adaptive energy poverty, which captures households’ ability to respond to rising ambient temperatures through increased electricity consumption. |
| JEL: | I31 Q41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dls:wpaper:0372 |
| By: | Appiah, Raymond; , KuoRayMao |
| Abstract: | This chapter examines the intersection of institutional corruption and environmental crime in rural Ghana, focusing on gold extraction. Using a social and ecological disorganisation framework, it argues that the erosion of governance structures, shaped by colonial legacies and enduring legal dualism, has enabled environmental and social harm. Weak regulatory enforcement, widespread corruption among statutory and customary authorities, and limited state capacity intensify social and ecological breakdown. Chinese companies, particularly those linked to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), exploit these disordered contexts to carry out environmentally destructive practices with little accountability. The resulting degradation disproportionately affects rural populations as collusion between multinational actors and local elites further weakens resistance and undermine collective governance in rural Ghana. Structural constraints, including conflicting land rights, jurisdictional overlap, and fragmented enforcement, impede efforts to address rural green crime. The chapter concludes that without addressing the systemic roots of social disorganisation and corruption, green crime will persist, driven by global mineral demand, deepening the marginalisation of rural communities and accelerating ecological decline in rural Ghana. |
| Date: | 2026–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:eu3pr_v1 |
| By: | Sabrine Emran |
| Abstract: | The call for private finance mobilization received an answer in 2024, with private capital accounting for 66% of total flows in climate finance, while still reaching a record level. This flow of private finance represents a structural shift that can both be considered as a significant achievement and an underexamined governance risk. This paper argues that the growth of private climate finance, while real and consequential, does not always directly serve climate objectives. Private capital is fundamentally risk-averse, return-driven, and structurally indifferent to the adaptation needs, geographic equity, and democratic accountability that a credible climate transition requires. As public governance architecture contracts, most sharply following the United States' 2025 withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, private actors have assumed increasing authority over four core governance functions: allocating capital, pricing risk, setting standards, and shaping narratives. That authority is exercised without democratic mandate, transparent methodology, or enforceable accountability. The paper evaluates the three dominant mechanisms through which private climate governance currently operates: voluntary frameworks such as ICMA's Green Bond Principles, TCFD, and SBTi; regulatory extraterritoriality through instruments such as the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and California's SB-219; and MDB-intermediated blended finance. Each model addresses a real need for governance. None is sufficient. Taken together, they leave three critical gaps unaddressed: no reliable mechanism to direct capital toward adaptation and the most vulnerable geographies; no democratic accountability to the communities most affected by transition decisions; and no coordinating architecture to make the three models coherent and mutually reinforcing. The paper concludes that closing these gaps requires treating climate governance not as a technical question of instrument design, but as a political question of who holds authority over where capital flows and on whose terms. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb23_26 |
| By: | Hirschbuehl Dominik (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Euro area banks are increasingly considering biodiversity risks from chemical pollution in loan decisions, a positive outcome of recent EU initiatives on biodiversity protection and pollution mitigation. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146606 |
| By: | Sabrine Emran |
| Abstract: | The call for private finance mobilization received an answer in 2024, with private capital accounting for 66% of total flows in climate finance, while still reaching a record level. This flow of private finance represents a structural shift that can both be considered as a significant achievement and an underexamined governance risk. This paper argues that the growth of private climate finance, while real and consequential, does not always directly serve climate objectives. Private capital is fundamentally risk-averse, return-driven, and structurally indifferent to the adaptation needs, geographic equity, and democratic accountability that a credible climate transition requires. As public governance architecture contracts, most sharply following the United States' 2025 withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, private actors have assumed increasing authority over four core governance functions: allocating capital, pricing risk, setting standards, and shaping narratives. That authority is exercised without democratic mandate, transparent methodology, or enforceable accountability. The paper evaluates the three dominant mechanisms through which private climate governance currently operates: voluntary frameworks such as ICMA's Green Bond Principles, TCFD, and SBTi; regulatory extraterritoriality through instruments such as the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and California's SB-219; and MDB-intermediated blended finance. Each model addresses a real need for governance. None is sufficient. Taken together, they leave three critical gaps unaddressed: no reliable mechanism to direct capital toward adaptation and the most vulnerable geographies; no democratic accountability to the communities most affected by transition decisions; and no coordinating architecture to make the three models coherent and mutually reinforcing. The paper concludes that closing these gaps requires treating climate governance not as a technical question of instrument design, but as a political question of who holds authority over where capital flows and on whose terms. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb23_26 |
| By: | Antoine Heranval (BioSP); Olivier Lopez (CREST); Didier Ngatcha (CREST); Daniel Nkameni (CREST) |
| Abstract: | According to the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2025), the average annual cost of natural catastrophes increased from 70--80 billion USD between 1970 and 2000 to 180--200 billion USD between 2001 and 2020. Reports from organizations such as the IFOA and the WWF highlight the need for the insurance sector to adapt to this rapidly evolving context by developing medium- to long-term strategies that go beyond the one-year horizon of prudential regulations such as Solvency II. This paper introduces an artificial intelligence framework based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (Conditional GANs) to generate future spatio-temporal trajectories of climatic indices. The approach focuses on the Soil Wetness Index (SWI), a key indicator used in France to assess drought severity. Drought accounts for approximately 30% of the indemnities paid under the French natural catastrophe insurance scheme. The proposed model, SwiGAN, simulates plausible drought propagation patterns up to 2050 for a region of France particularly exposed to this hazard. By generating realistic sequences of SWI maps, SwiGAN provides insights into drought dynamics under climate change scenarios and supports the design of adaptive risk management and insurance strategies. The methodology is also generalizable to other climate-related perils and actuarial applications such as economic scenario generation. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.06678 |
| By: | Xudong An; Stuart A. Gabriel; Nitzan Tzur-Ilan |
| Abstract: | Using California's Camp Fire as a natural laboratory, this article examines the effects of both fire and smoke-related air pollution on household credit card spending and repayment. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution; Credit Cards; household finances |
| Date: | 2024–09–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:98838 |
| By: | Gostlow, Glen; Chan, Tiffanie; Higham, Catherine; Sato, Misato; Setzer, Joana; Venmans, Frank |
| Abstract: | Climate litigation is growing in scale and complexity, yet its financial consequences remain poorly understood. We study how investors perceive climate litigation as a financial risk u sing a global survey of 811 equity investors and analysts. Most respondents regard climate litigation as financially material but they differ systematically in how and when they believe it matters. Many associate financial relevance with early-stage events such as media coverage or case filing, well before any court judgment, and they differ in the sectors they view as most exposed and in the legal channels they find most concerning. We recover latent dimensions of belief variation, and relate them to observable investor characteristics. We identify two dimensions - Litigation Salience and Risk Type Prioritization - which give rise to three investor profiles: Unconcerned, Regulatory-focused, and Physical/Litigation-focused. The two concerned groups relate litigation to climate in distinct ways: the former sees litigation and policy as complements, while the latter see them as substitutes, expecting litigation to arise from failures to regulate. Observable investor characteristics explain part but not all of this variation. Our findings show that disagreement over climate litigation is structured and economically meaningful suggesting it may be reducible through improved disclosure on firms’ climate litigation exposures. |
| Keywords: | climate litigation; investor beliefs; survey |
| JEL: | G32 K29 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–04–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138056 |
| By: | Bax, Karoline; Ćehajić, Aida |
| Abstract: | We examine whether banks incorporate firm-level biodiversity risk into their lending decisions. Using a large sample of syndicated loans matched to firm-level biodiversity risk measures, we document that borrowers with higher biodiversity risk face significantly higher loan spreads. Evidence on loan volumes is weaker, suggesting that banks primarily adjust along the pricing margin rather than restricting credit supply. To capture biodiversity risk exposure, we develop a novel text-based indicator derived from corporate disclosures that incorporates the contextual content of environmental risk. To strengthen identification, we exploit firm-level environmental violations as shocks to environmental credibility. In a stacked difference-in-differences framework, we show that such violations increase the sensitivity of loan pricing to biodiversity risk. Overall, our findings provide evidence that biodiversity risk is a financially material dimension of environmental risk in credit markets. JEL Classification: G21, Q51, Q57 |
| Keywords: | bank-firm relationship, biodiversity risk, financial stability, syndicated loans, textual analysis |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263232 |
| By: | Blanc, Corin |
| Abstract: | In response to rising urban air pollution, European cities have adopted Low Emission Zones (LEZs), restricting the most polluting vehicles. While effective in improving air quality, these policies remain controversial due to concerns over fairness and acceptability. This paper examines the impact of London’s 2021 and 2023 Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) expansions on subjective well-being (SWB). Using panel data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study and a staggered difference-in-differences design with individual and year fixed effects, we compare changes in life satisfaction among residents inside and outside the affected areas. We find that the 2021 expansion led to a decline in life satisfaction by approximately 0.4 points – which doubles for low-income households – with no evidence of pre-existing differential trends. We do not detect statistically significant effects within the available post-treatment window on Londoners living in the expanded zone in 2023. We explore the mechanisms driving this decline and find that the well-being loss is fundamentally mediated by car dependency and transport mode availability. While the policy increased reliance on public transport, we show that a higher accessibility to public transport reduces the well-being decline of Londoners. These findings suggest that LEZs can generate short-term welfare costs despite achieving behavioural change, highlighting the need for complementary measures to enhance social acceptability. |
| Keywords: | Subjective well-being, Air pollution, Low-emission zones, Difference-in-differences |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:docweb:2601 |
| By: | Luis Lopez; Jackson Owen; Nitzan Tzur-Ilan |
| Abstract: | Wildfire smoke pollution may significantly affect housing market activity in locations hundreds or even thousands of miles away from the fires. |
| Date: | 2024–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:98730 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | Climate policy is increasingly reshaping the conditions under which firms participate in international markets. As some jurisdictions introduce carbon border adjustments, lifecycle emissions standards, and supply-chain traceability requirements, market access is starting to be made conditional on verifiable characteristics of production processes, such as carbon intensity, embedded emissions, and input sourcing, rather than solely on product characteristics or prices. This paper examines how these emerging climate-linked measures operate as eligibility regimes that require firms to measure, document, and verify embedded emissions and supply-chain attributes, using standardized methodologies. To clarify the economic logic of these mechanisms, the paper first makes a functional comparison with rules of origin, highlighting common features related to eligibility criteria, documentation, and supply-chain tracing. It then analyzes the European Union Batteries Regulation, which links market participation to lifecycle carbon-footprint disclosure and traceability, and the United States Inflation Reduction Act, which aimed to reshape supply chains through localization incentives and manufacturing subsidies. The paper finally examines the strategic responses available to economies outside the main standard-setting blocs, including regulatory alignment, dual compliance across regulatory regimes, and market reorientation toward less-demanding jurisdictions. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rtrade:pp_11-26 |
| By: | Rising, James; Godfrey, Nick; Watkiss, Paul; Surminski, Swenja; Baeza Breinbauer, Daniela; Gutiérrez-Hurtado, Maria Paula; Pimenta, Maria João |
| Abstract: | This report provides a groundbreaking new synthesis of the economic and fiscal risks arising from physical climate change and the economic case for investing in adaptation to climate impacts. The report combines the results of nearly 300 studies and more than 6, 000 unique estimates of the consequences of climate change and adaptation investment, and includes case studies from six countries. The report shows that the macroeconomic and fiscal consequences of climate impacts are already significant, growing, and likely to continue and intensify without further efforts to adapt and increase resilience. The evidence shows that early and strategic adaptation investments can bolster economic stability, reduce debt levels and borrowing costs, and accelerate development. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; GDP; investment; resilience; risk; welfare |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137972 |
| By: | Klooster, Jens van’t; Hochstenbach, Cody |
| Abstract: | Projected climate damage directly threatens present-day asset values, affecting powerful economic constituencies. Yet climate-vulnerable asset (CVA) owners often fail to mobilise for decarbonisation. To analyse the politics of climate adaptation finance, this article develops a macrofinancial framework for understanding socio-economic conflict and asset owner coalitions. Focusing on the highly financialised yet exposed Dutch real estate sector, it analyses how climate change plays out across the consolidated balance sheets of the Dutch housing sector. In the absence of adequate global decarbonisation efforts, building owners have an interest in maintaining stable asset values, while the financial sector prefers better disclosure of risk (which can negatively impact asset values). An incipient coalition of CVA-owners pushes to transfer climate-related losses to the public balance sheet. Asset owners protect their assets, not the planet. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–04–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138109 |
| By: | Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa |
| Abstract: | Using U.S. county-level data, we uncover a relatively overlooked coping strategy employed by farmers in response to cyclones: selective increase of pesticide application. By constructing a novel dataset spanning 25 years of tropical cyclone activity, pesticide use, and agricultural output, our difference-in- differences design reveals that farmers respond to cyclone shocks by applying more pesticides to protect their crops. On average, a typical U.S. farm applies approximately 2, 150–2, 250 kg more pesticides in both the event year and the following - around ten times the normal annual quantity. While rising pesticide use poses health and environmental risks, our heterogeneity analysis offers a more nuanced view. Farmers selectively boost pesticide applications to counter the rise in pests and pathogens that usually follow cyclones. They raise the use of lower-toxicity pesticides (e.g., 2, 4-D, Metolachlor) but not highly hazardous ones (e.g., Chlorpyrifos), suggesting endogenous avoidance behavior consistent with risk awareness and regulatory constraints. These results hold robustly across eight measures of cyclone intensity, including rainfall, wind speed, and duration. In terms of coping mechanisms, farmers not only intensify pesticide use on existing crops but also expand their harvested acreage to compensate for yield losses, with effects lasting up to four years after a cyclone event. Overall, our results indicate that pesticide intensification, though adaptive in the short term, imposes considerable e and environmental trade-offs. |
| Keywords: | Tropical Cyclone, Atlantic Basin, Pesticide Use, Difference-in-Differences. |
| JEL: | Q1 Q5 |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128276 |
| By: | Fang, Ximeng; Innocenti, Stefania; Vogt, Sonja (Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Lausanne) |
| Abstract: | Scalable behavioural interventions often struggle to engage the cognitive and psychological mechanisms that underlie durable changes in preferences and habits. This study provides a proof of concept for an underexplored intervention format: edutainment through video games. Partnering with a large video game company, we develop a game that embeds educational content on sustainable food consumption into an entertaining storyline. In a pre-registered field experiment (N = 4, 034 UK adults), participants are randomly assigned to play either one of three treatment versions of the game or a control version without environmental content. Real-world food choice behaviour is measured through incentivised online supermarket tasks. Relative to the control group, treated participants select grocery baskets with 20% lower environmental impact immediately after gameplay, an effect that remains at 8–10% in a follow-up 2–3 weeks later. Behavioural change results from a combination of knowledge gains, short-term salience and preference change. Strikingly, effects were particularly persistent among subjects with low baseline sustainability. Further evidence suggests that the intervention was effective partly because it provided an enjoyable experience and affected a rich set of beliefs and attitudes, including personal norms, efficacy, and perceived social norms. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2026-13 |
| By: | Carrol, James (Central Bank of Ireland); Mahony, Michael (Central Bank of Ireland); Morando, Bruno (Central Bank of Ireland); O'Sullivan, Cormac (Central Bank of Ireland); Shahabi Ahangarkolaee, Saeed (Central Bank of Ireland) |
| Abstract: | We find that loans to borrowers in current flood risk areas (around 7 per cent of our sample) face an interest rate premium of roughly 7 to 13 basis points (which corresponds to a 3 per cent increase over the average interest rate charged in the sample) and are between 3 and 7 percentage points more likely to provide collateral. This Insight suggests that additional flood risk which will result from climate change is partially factored in by lenders. Some borrowers in areas where flood risk is predicted to increase face significantly larger interest rates. While the results suggest that lenders price in this important source of climate risk to some extent, and highlight some additional difficulty in obtaining credit for these borrowers, we find that the size of the flood risk premium is relatively small. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:stafin:5/si/26 |
| By: | Manaysay, Ferth Vandensteen |
| Abstract: | This article explores the policy narratives that shape the development and early implementation of extended producer responsibility (EPR) regulations in the Philippines and Vietnam, with particular attention to their role in circular economy (CE) transitions for plastics. Using the Narrative Policy Framework, it examines how stakeholders articulate narratives of environmental protection, resource efficiency, economic competitiveness, and social inclusion. Based on interviews and documentary analysis, it finds that EPR is widely framed as a vehicle for CE principles, but narratives diverge in scope and emphasis across the two cases. These differences reflect variation in institutional capacity, stakeholder influence, and the role of informal actors. The findings point to the need for a more holistic and inclusive approach to EPR, grounded in proactive policymaking and stronger attention to social equity. The article contributes to debates on environmental governance in developing countries by showing how policy narratives shape the trajectories of CE transitions. |
| Keywords: | circular economy; extended producer responsibility; Narrative Policy Framework; Philippines; plastics; Vietnam |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2026–04–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138039 |
| By: | Begg, Iain; Rubio, Eulalia; Eisl, Andreas; Alcidi, Cinzia |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the adequacy of the post-2027 MFF proposals in providing support for dealing with natural disasters. It examines measures related to prevention and preparedness before disasters occur, as well as immediate responses and recovery support afterwards. Based on this analysis, it formulates policy recommendations on how the proposals could be improved. This study was provided by the Budgetary Support Unit at the request of the Committee on Budgets (BUDG). |
| JEL: | E6 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138343 |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Dido, Claudia; Vidal, Marta |
| Abstract: | La transferencia de tecnología entre universidades y empresas constituye un pilar fundamental para el desarrollo sostenible y la innovación en Argentina. En un contexto global donde los desafíos ambientales, económicos y sociales requieren soluciones basadas en el conocimiento, el trabajo conjunto entre el sector académico y el productivo se configura como una interacción virtuosa para la promoción de iniciativas con triple impacto. Las universidades, como integrantes del sistema científico, desempeñan un rol clave en la generación y aplicación de conocimientos en el país, pues no sólo impulsan el desarrollo tecnológico, sino que también contribuyen al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) propuestos por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Este libro aborda diversas experiencias de transferencia tecnológica realizadas por la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional en asociación con diferentes organizaciones del medio, destacando casos en los que la investigación aplicada ha generado soluciones concretas con impacto en la producción y en la sostenibilidad. A través de nueve estudios de caso de las Facultades Regionales de Bahía Blanca, Mar del Plata y Trenque Lauquen, se ilustra cómo la ciencia y la tecnología pueden ser vehículos de transformación social y económica, promoviendo una producción más eficiente, responsable y alineada con los principios del Pacto Global. En la Sección I se presentan tres experiencias realizadas por investigadores de la Facultad Regional Bahía Blanca, las cuales han sido transferidas al entorno local para ofrecer soluciones a distintos problemas ambientales, contribuyendo directamente a varios Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. En la primera de ellas, se describe un proceso llevado a cabo en un municipio del sudoeste bonaerense, donde se desarrolló un Plan de Respuesta al Cambio Climático, alineado con el ODS 13. La segunda experiencia presenta un estudio de evaluación del impacto sonoro de las industrias ubicadas en el polo petroquímico de Ingeniero White (Bahía Blanca), utilizando un modelo computacional para simular la propagación del sonido y así identificar posibles impactos en la zona residencial cercana (ODS 11). En la tercera experiencia, se analiza la viabilidad de implementar en el puerto de Bahía Blanca una tecnología que permite conectar los buques a una fuente de energía portuaria, reemplazando sus generadores a bordo (ODS 7). En la sección II se presentan tres casos que ejemplifican la transferencia de tecnología entre la Facultad Regional Mar del Plata y diferentes organizaciones del medio, alineándose con los ODS. El primero introduce la harina de mosca soldado como alternativa sostenible a la harina de pescado en acuicultura, como una fuente proteica viable para la alimentación de truchas arcoíris, promoviendo la economía circular y reduciendo el impacto en los recursos marinos (ODS 12 y 14). El segundo caso muestra la rehabilitación de pasivos mineros mediante piscicultura en canteras post-extracción, combinando sostenibilidad ambiental con oportunidades productivas al recuperar ecosistemas degradados transformándolos en ambientes acuáticos controlados y productivos (ODS 4, 8 y 12). El tercer caso propone el diseño de una embarcación para la gestión de residuos en el puerto de Mar del Plata, mejorando la infraestructura y protegiendo los ecosistemas marinos (ODS 9 y 14), reforzando el compromiso de las instituciones académicas con el desarrollo de prácticas más sostenibles en el sector industrial. En la sección III se presentan tres experiencias desarrolladas por el grupo de estudio en ingeniería sostenible (GESTADIS) de la Facultad Regional Trenque Lauquen atendiendo las necesidades y problemáticas territoriales. La primera se refiere al estudio de eficiencia energética en viviendas unifamiliares requerido por el Municipio de Trenque Lauquen que aporta soluciones superadoras asociadas a la demanda energética y a las condiciones de confort y de salubridad en los espacios habitables (ODS 7 y 11). La segunda evalúa mediante la estructura del escudo del cabezal de girasol, la pérdida en la cosecha del grano del híbrido confitero, brindando una alternativa para la reducción de las pérdidas de alimentos en la cadena de producción (ODS 9 y 12).Y la tercera estudia el abatimiento de arsénico y fluoruro del agua, presentes naturalmente en niveles elevados en el Oeste bonaerense, mediante electrocoagulación con metodología de superficie de respuesta desarrollando una tecnología de remediación del recurso hídrico eficiente y sostenible (ODS 6 y 12). Las experiencias presentadas ofrecen evidencia sobre la capacidad de las instituciones de educación superior argentinas para generar conocimientos aplicados con impacto en la sociedad y el ambiente. La transferencia de tecnología no solo impulsa la innovación, sino que, al integrarse con la sostenibilidad, fortalece la competitividad del sector productivo y contribuye al cumplimiento de desafíos globales. En este libro, se presentan iniciativas que dan cuenta del rol de la universidad como un agente de cambio, comprometido con el desarrollo de soluciones innovadoras y sostenibles para un futuro mejor. |
| Keywords: | Problemas Ambientales; Cambio Climático; Transferencia de Tecnología; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4501 |
| By: | Zachariadis, Theodoros; Giannakis, Elias |
| Abstract: | Instability in global energy supply and fluctuating international oil and gas prices push European countries to reduce fuel import dependency through energy saving measures and faster deployment of renewable energy. Calculating the fuel import bill, as usually done to illustrate the impact of the continent’s energy dependency, offers only a partial picture of the challenge. This paper applies an economy-wide assessment for Cyprus, a country which greatly relies on imported fossil fuels but has made some progress towards decarbonisation. We combine energy, economic and trade statistics with technical calculations and find that renewables deployed in the last decade have already today contributed to very substantial net benefits of 469 million Euros at 2023 prices, leading to a benefit-cost ratio ranging between 11 and 19. Input-output modelling shows that economy-wide benefits have led to a cumulative additional value added of the order of 1.4 billion Euros’2023 during the decade 2015-2024, with a 0.5-1% GDP increase per year thanks to renewables investments and avoided fossil fuel imports. The approach presented here minimises the uncertainties and assumptions that are necessary to run more sophisticated economic models and can offer credible insights on the economic dividends of decarbonisation policies in any country, contributing also to improved energy security. |
| Keywords: | decarbonisation; energy policy; energy security; input-output analysis; renewable energy; trade balance |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138257 |
| By: | Diego Dessi; Simona Iammarino; Stefano Usai |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the European Union (EU)’s strategy for securing Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) within the framework of Open Strategic Autonomy (OSA). As the green and digital transitions escalate global demand, the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) establishes ambitious 2030 targets for domestic extraction, processing, and recycling to reduce reliance on concentrated foreign suppliers. The study critically evaluates the EU’s main policy targets against the natural endowment of Strategic Raw Materials (SRMs) through global comparisons and subnational mapping at the NUTS-2 level. Findings indicate that European SRM resources are generally below global averages and highly concentrated in specific regions, predominantly in the Nordic countries and the Iberian Peninsula. We argue that CRMA’s top-down approach risks overlooking regional capabilities, geological constraints, and social responses from the communities involved. The paper suggests that without integrating place-based approaches and fostering equitable international interregional partnerships, the current strategy may undermine the EU’s pursuit of the targets of current industrial strategies for competitiveness and technological sovereignty. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2606 |
| By: | Harrington-Abrams, Rachel; England, Kit; Gannon, Kate; Mehryar, Sara; Beswick, Anna; Dookie, Denyse; De Melo Virissimo, Francisco; Thornton, Ashley; Ellis, Matt; Watkiss, Paul; Donovan, Bill |
| Keywords: | adaptation; adaptation investment framework; adaptation investment planning; ATTENUATE; CCRA; NAP; National Adaptation Programme; UK policy |
| JEL: | N0 E6 |
| Date: | 2026–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137986 |
| By: | Giovanna D'Adda; Simone Ferro; Tommaso Frattini; Alessio Romarri |
| Abstract: | Using large-scale high-granularity data from a food delivery platform and granular pollution and weather information, we study how PM2.5 fluctuations affect riders’ absenteeism, productivity, and accidents. Exploiting exogenous pollution variation from inverse boundary layer height, we find that higher pollution increases absenteeism for all workers and raises delivery times and accident rates only among (e-)bike riders, who must exert physical effort while working. Affected workers compensate productivity losses by working longer hours. Monetary incentives mitigate the effects on absenteeism but do not offset the decline in productivity and appear to exacerbate accident risk. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution; Food Delivery Riders; Absenteeism; Labor Productivity; Workplace Safety |
| JEL: | H4 J28 Q52 |
| Date: | 2026–11–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:506 |
| By: | Namrata Kala; Muhammad Haseeb; James Fenske |
| Abstract: | Effective regulatory design requires an understanding of how regulatory burden affects regulated entities. Using novel data on all applications for environmental permits in five Indian states and a natural experiment, we estimate how regulatory burden of environmental permitting affects firms. Difference-in-difference estimates show that deregulation induces smaller firms to enter and increases entry. Standard data sources would miss these substantial effects, underscoring the importance of collecting data across the firm size distribution. We also use full texts of permit certificates to create novel measures of regulatory burden. Firms in industries with reduced regulations face fewer, less stringent, permit conditions. |
| Date: | 2026–01–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bri:uobdis:26/827 |
| By: | Fatima Ezzahra Mengoub |
| Abstract: | After more than seven years of drought, Morocco experienced exceptionally abundant rainfall during the winter of 2025-2026, reflecting increasingly marked water variability. This rapid alternation between chronic deficits and occasional excesses reveals the country's water paradox: a system historically centered on scarcity must now manage concentrated and intense extreme episodes. Hydraulic infrastructures helped limit human and economic impacts and ensured significant replenishment of water reserves. Nevertheless, some agricultural areas suffered localized losses affecting crops, forage stocks, livestock and value-chain logistics, exposing structural vulnerabilities. At the same time, groundwater recharge and improved dam filling rates create favorable prospects for upcoming agricultural seasons. These events underline the need to progressively adjust the hydraulic model to integrate excess water management and strengthen agricultural resilience and food security in the face of increasing climatic variability. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb11_26_1 |
| By: | Garrett Golding; Claire Jeffress; Xiaohan Zhang |
| Abstract: | Better understanding of the workforce implications of rising electricity demand, particularly at the state and local levels, is critical to planning and anticipating its economic and policy impacts. |
| Keywords: | energy; jobs |
| Date: | 2025–08–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:101538 |
| By: | Ahmed, Musa Hasen; Nigus, Halefom Yigzaw; Mesfin, Hiwot Mekonnen; Gebremariam, Gebrelibanos |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of drought shocks on unintended pregnancies across 18 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The results show that drought exposure increases the likelihood of unintended pregnancy by one to two percentage points (about 3 to 6 percent), depending on the specification. The analysis further finds that children born from unintended pregnancies are less likely to receive antenatal care, less likely to be delivered in health facilities, and more vulnerable to illness. The findings also show that unintended pregnancies have implications for women’s labor market outcomes. Overall, the findings indicate that drought shocks intensify women’s economic and reproductive vulnerabilities. Given the wide-ranging consequences of unintended births for both mothers and children, the results high-light the importance of integrating reproductive health interventions into climate adaptation policies. |
| Date: | 2026–04–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11364 |
| By: | Magnuszewski Piotr; Hegadorn Chris; Szewczyk Katarzyna; Bertolozzi Caredio Daniele (European Commission - JRC); Ciaian Pavel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report presents a comprehensive operational framework for stress-testing the European Union's food systems to identify vulnerabilities and enhance crisis preparedness. While the EU has historically maintained a stable food supply, the convergence of climate change, geopolitical instability, and economic volatility has created systemic risks that require a forward-looking assessment. The proposed methodology adopts a multidimensional view of food security, incorporating availability, physical and economic access, nutritional utilization, stability, sustainability, and human agency. By utilizing systems thinking and scenario-based foresight, the framework provides a structured process for mapping complex supply chains, designing plausible disruption scenarios, and evaluating cascading impacts. Central to this approach is the iterative collaboration between experts, who provide analytical rigor, and stakeholders, who offer practical sectoral insights. This methodology aims to empower policymakers and industry operators to transition from reactive crisis management to proactive resilience building, ensuring that the EU food system can withstand and adapt to the unpredictable shocks of the 21st century. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145765 |
| By: | Herten‐Crabb, Asha |
| Abstract: | This article examines how sustainable development functions as a mechanism of stabilising asymmetry in North–South trade governance, using the European Union (EU)–Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) agreement as a case study. Whilst sustainability is often framed as a normative good or institutional advance, the article shows instead how it operates within EU trade policy as a form of normative camouflage: embedding ethical language into governance structures that reinforce, not transform, asymmetrical relations. Drawing on interpretivist process tracing of draft texts and 62 elite interviews, the article reconstructs how sustainability became politically indispensable for both parties whilst remaining materially unreachable for MERCOSUR under the terms of the agreement. The analysis is organised around three dimensions: purpose, examining how sustainability enabled the EU to reframe liberalisation as ethical and MERCOSUR to signal credibility to investors; process, tracing how negotiations progressively removed MERCOSUR's structural tools for sustainable development; and outcome, which demonstrates how the resulting architecture institutionalises export‐led, dependent extractivism. The article contributes to critical political economy debates by showing how sustainability discourse stabilises rather than overcomes ecologically unequal exchange and hierarchical development pathways. |
| Keywords: | North–South; trade governance; sustainable development; normative camouflage; EU–MERCOSUR |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2026–04–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137969 |
| By: | Pega, Frank; Momen, Natalie C.; Agyemang, Samuel A.; Bojke, Laura; Costa-Font, Joan; de Preux, Laure; Fenichel, Eli P.; Gordon, Bruce; Hensher, Martin C.; Johnston, Richard; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kolimenakis, Antonios; Malik, Ashar Muhammad; Matsuura, Hiroaki; Nghiem, Nhung; O’Hare, Bernadette; Rathi, Megha; Robinson, Lisa A.; Campbell-Lendrum, Diarmid |
| Abstract: | Economic evaluation is key for efficient allocation of resources in health and related sectors. Actions addressing environmental risk factors and climate change can avert millions of deaths annually, yet valuing reductions in the risk of dying is challenging in benefit–cost analyses. We developed an interim statistical protocol to estimate the value per statistical life for World Health Organization (WHO) Member States, building on the 2019 benefit–cost analysis reference case and latest evidence. Using gross national income per capita based on purchasing power parity, we calculated national estimates for 2024 and projected values to 2100. We aggregated these estimates to produce global, regional and country income group averages, and additional sets for sensitivity and scenario analyses, including for alternative climate change scenarios. Our estimates cover 93.8% (182/194) of Member States, representing 98.4% (7.99 billion/8.12 billion) of the global population. The global average value per statistical life in 2024 was 3.76 million international dollars. By 2100, the global average is projected to increase by 159.8% to 9.77 million international dollars. These estimates provide a basis for valuing expected deaths averted by environment- and climate-health interventions, promoting comparability across analyses. Limitations include reliance on extrapolated values and uncertainty in income projections. More research, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is needed. Because value per statistical life estimates depend on income, analysts must supplement benefit–cost analysis with distributional analyses of benefits and costs across populations. Until WHO updates its recommended methods, these interim estimates offer a pragmatic tool for policy analysis. |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2026–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137149 |
| By: | Ramji, Aditya; Jain, Aakansha; Jamhar, Jameel |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2026–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8c16m9b6 |
| By: | Albertazzi, Ugo; Djekic, Davor; Ponte Marques, Aurea |
| Abstract: | We study how physical climate risk shapes bank lending activity and credit quality by combining high-resolution Copernicus flood geospatial maps with loan-level AnaCredit data. We exploit four major European floods (2021–2024) in a spatial regression discontinuity design comparing firms located just inside versus just outside flood boundaries (within 300–500 meters). We find that immediately after floods there is an increase by about 3.5 to 5% in lending, driven by liquidity demand, followed by a contraction of similar magnitude in the subsequent quarter. Interest rates follow a similar pattern, while default rates rise persistently by around 0.7 percentage points. Exploiting multiple lending relationships and firm–time fixed effects, we show that demand factors dominate: banks with greater exposure to affected firms do not systematically tighten credit supply. Nonetheless, relationship banks extend roughly 10 percentage points more credit to affected firms while imposing tighter collateral requirements, consistent with risk-sharing rather than unconditional support. Sectoral composition and pre-existing firm risk are the primary axes of heterogeneity in the immediate response. The findings shed light on how physical climate shocks propagate through credit markets and inform financial stability analysis. JEL Classification: Q54, G21, G32, C21, G28 |
| Keywords: | bank lending, financial stability, floods, spatial RDD |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263224 |
| By: | Klein Martins, Guilherme; Kaltenbrunner, Annina; Löscher, Anne; Rodrigues, Isabella; Waaifoort, Maria; Axl Araujo, Karina |
| Abstract: | Pressure on ecosystem services can reduce and destabilise export earnings, raise import costs and dependence, and tighten external financing through higher risk premia. In Brazil, several important activities for earning foreign exchange (FX) are dependent on nature, creating scope for feedback between ecological stress, financing conditions and currency volatility. This new brief from the Land and Ocean series explores these critical channels for understanding macroeconomic risks in Latin America and further afield, providing new insights into the impact of nature degradation on the balance of payments (BoP) and exchange-rate dynamics. |
| JEL: | N0 E6 |
| Date: | 2026–04–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137981 |
| By: | Andreas, Marike; Frevert, Alice; Brune, Florian; Busalt, Sophie; Soares, Vera Araujo; Mezger, Nikolaus; Zangerl, Kathrin; Matthies-Wiesler, Franziska; Mahanani, Melanie; Sniehotta, Falko |
| Abstract: | Background As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme heat, effective interventions are needed to reduce heat-related mortality, morbidity, and demand for emergency services. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce adverse health outcomes during periods of high temperature. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception to 09.02.2026, and grey literature. Randomised and nonrandomised intervention studies assessing the effect of heat-protection interventions on mortality, morbidity and emergency demand in the general population or in heat-vulnerable groups were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the JBI checklist. Following a pre-registered protocol which was co-produced with an international expert panel (CRD420251020849), we conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis where studies were sufficiently comparable; otherwise, findings were synthesised narratively. Findings Of 32, 149 records screened, 49 studies were included. Most studies evaluated complex interventions, particularly heat-health action plans (HHAP; n=18) and heat warning systems (HWS=12). Fewer studies assessed urban and building planning measures, education and awareness campaigns, community interventions, occupational interventions, and emergency preparedness measures. Mortality was the most frequently reported outcome. In meta-analysis of pre–post studies, HHAP implementation was associated with reduced mortality risk (RR=0·93 [95% CI 0·89; 0·99], p < 0 ·05). Evidence for HWS alone was inconsistent. Three studies suggested that air conditioning in public institutions was associated with lower mortality risk than no air conditioning. Evidence for other interventions was limited or inconsistent. Interpretation Comprehensive heat–health action plans appear to reduce heat-related mortality, but evidence for warning systems alone and other intervention types remains limited or inconsistent. More rigorous evaluations are needed, particularly for morbidity, emergency service demand, and implementation in low-resource settings. |
| Date: | 2026–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:6djpz_v1 |
| By: | Hafez Ghanem |
| Abstract: | In response to developing countries’ dissatisfaction with the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of $300 billion, which was decided at the Twenty-Ninth Conference Of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan, the COP29 and COP30 presidencies promised to develop a roadmap to achieve $1.3 trillion in external climate finance that developing countries need, and to present it at COP30 in Belém, Brazil[1]. The two presidents delivered on this promise and the ‘roadmap’ was presented on November 5, 2025. It concludes with a strong message: “the science is clear, the resources exist, and the moral imperative is undeniable. What remains is the resolve to act…”. The two presidents believe that the $1.3 trillion target can be achieved if the international community has the resolve to act. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb03_26 |
| By: | Dreher, Ferdinand; Marques, Bernardo P. |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact on cashflows and financial decisions of firms affected by wildfires, focusing on the wildfires that occurred in Portugal in 2017. Using establishment-level data from the hotel industry combined with geospatial information on wildfire proximity and land use, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to study both directly and indirectly affected firms. Our findings reveal that firms with direct damages from the wildfires recorded, on average, a 43% drop in revenues in 2018, while indirectly affected firms with a high share of burned area within a 1 km radius suffered a 24% drop. These cashflow shocks triggered distinct financial responses: directly affected hotels increased their reliance on long-term debt and coupled tangible asset investments with additional cash reserves, whereas indirectly affected firms reduced tangible investments and cash holdings. This divergence aligns with both real-options and reference-dependent risk preferences theories, reflecting the option to wait before investing and the shift in business fundamentals relative to the pre-disaster reference points. JEL Classification: G30, G31, G32, G38 |
| Keywords: | climate risk, ecosystem risk, financial decisions, indirect effects |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263231 |
| By: | Hafez Ghanem |
| Abstract: | In response to developing countries’ dissatisfaction with the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) of $300 billion, which was decided at the Twenty-Ninth Conference Of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in 2024 in Baku, Azerbaijan, the COP29 and COP30 presidencies promised to develop a roadmap to achieve $1.3 trillion in external climate finance that developing countries need, and to present it at COP30 in Belém, Brazil[1]. The two presidents delivered on this promise and the ‘roadmap’ was presented on November 5, 2025. It concludes with a strong message: “the science is clear, the resources exist, and the moral imperative is undeniable. What remains is the resolve to act…”. The two presidents believe that the $1.3 trillion target can be achieved if the international community has the resolve to act. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb03_26 |
| By: | Andrea Salustri (DSGE, Sapienza Università di Roma - Istituto di Economia e Finanza); Eugenio Montefusco (Department of Mathematics Guido Castelnuovo, Sapienza University of Rome); Silvia Sacchetti (Dipartimento di Sociologia e Ricerca Sociale Università di Trento) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a novel analytical framework to interpret the global polycrisis using the lenses of multidimensional inequalities and epistemic injustices. Moving beyond fragmented literature, we formalize an epistemological space by evolving from Hotelling’s linear and Salop’s circular models toward a spheroidal and volumetric representation. In this setting, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) act as exchange platforms tangent to the sphere, organized within a geodesic grid of meridians and parallels that define an epistemological North, Centre, and South. A key original contribution is the conceptualization of the commons as the sphere’s internal diameter, introducing epistemic depth as a systemic foundation to counter processes of predatory inclusion. By applying polar coordinates (θ, ϕ), the study tracks the historical evolution of crisis epicentres from the Dot-com bubble to the Covid-19 pandemic, demonstrating how uncoordinated interventions generate structural fractures and epistemic voids. We argue that social welfare is maximized through the directional diversity provided by Social and Solidarity Economy Organizations (SSEEOs), which operate within the system’s internal volume to bridge visible exchange platforms with the generative depth of the commons. This framework enhances long-term thinking by providing a precise tool for navigating the interconnected failures of modern global systems. |
| Keywords: | global polycrisis, multidimensional inequality, epistemic injustice, epistemological space, Social and Solidarity Economy Enterprises and Organizations (SSEEOs), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| JEL: | D63 L31 O19 R12 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gfe:pfrp00:00082 |
| By: | Sandrine Levasseur (OFCE, Studies Department, Sciences Po Pari) |
| Abstract: | Electric vehicles (EVs) in the EU face growing turbulence as shrinking consumer subsidies coincide with intensified competition from lower-cost Chinese manufacturers. Recent EU measures - higher tariffs on Chinese EVs and a strategy to reinforce the full industrial value chain - aim to safeguard Europe's automotive capabilities. Yet the easing of CO2 rules for combustion engines and the possible 2026 review of the 2035 phase out date illustrate the challenge of balancing ecological transition, industrial resilience, and household purchasing power. This paper argues for an "electrification shock" to accelerate scale and reduce costs rather than slowing the transition. Demand-side priorities include adapting subsidies to national energy-price conditions, requiring public and corporate fleets to integrate a minimum share of EVs, and ensuring the availability of affordable entry-level models. On the supply side, large-scale support for European battery production and sustained tariff protection are essential to narrow the cost gap with China, while partnerships with Chinese firms must secure genuine technology transfers and protect employment. Such measures must be anchored in a stable and predictable regulatory trajectory, as policy reversals risk deterring investment and slowing the decarbonisation of road transport. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles, decarbonisation, EU, China, automotive industry, battery |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imk:studie:104-2026 |
| By: | Loa, Patrick PhD; Circella, Giovanni PhD; Lee, Yongsung PhD |
| Abstract: | Ridehailing services (such as those offered by Uber and Lyft) can contribute to increases in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by attracting demand from more sustainable modes, encouraging additional travel, and driving while not serving passengers . Pooled ridehailing services (i.e., ridehailing services that offer discounted fares in exchange for the potential to be matched with other customers traveling to similar destinations) have been identified as a means of addressing the negative impacts of ridehailing services. However, the impact of pooled ridehailing is heavily influenced by the uptake of these services. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic substantially influenced travel mode preferences, resulting in an increased preference for individual modes (e.g., private vehicles and active modes) and a reduced preference for shared modes (e.g., public transit and ridehailing)3 . Given the disruptive impacts of the pandemic on travel mode preferences, and the negative impacts of ridehailing services during the prepandemic period, it is crucial to understand whether the pandemic will have long-term impacts on ridehailing use. To examine the long-term impacts of the pandemic, we used data from two web-based surveys of California residents to 1) compare ridehailing use during the pre-pandemic (fall 2019) and post-pandemic (fall 2023) periods, and 2) analyze the factors influencing post-pandemic ridehailing use in California. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2026–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6x67v8rh |
| By: | Mahmood, Rafat (Monash University); Maitra, Pushkar (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Natural disasters are a growing global threat, yet their consequences for gender-based violence (GBV) in high-income countries with strong institutional protections remain largely unknown. We address this gap using administrative crime records linked to disaster declarations at the Local Government Area level in Australia. Applying staggered difference-in-differences estimation techniques, we find that disasters cause short-run increase family, domestic, and sexual violence with effects concentrated in the first one to three months following a disaster. Strikingly, these effects are larger in urban and affluent areas, an outcome that is difficult to reconcile with a pure economic-stress mechanism, and is more consistent with institutional strain and differential reporting environments. To probe the underlying pathway, we draw on complementary household survey evidence, which points to mental health deterioration and increased intra-household conflict as individual-level mechanisms. Together, our findings suggest that even well-resourced institutional settings offer only incomplete protection against disaster-induced violence against women. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, gender based violence, event study, Australia |
| JEL: | Q54 J12 J16 I18 K42 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18616 |
| By: | Vianney Dequiedt (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Audrey-Anne de Ubeda (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Andrea Dsouza (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Jean-Marc Gravellini (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | African agriculture employs 45% of the continent's working population and accounts for 21% of its GDP. Yet the sector's technical and economic performance remains insufficient, both to meet the continent's growing food needs and to fully leverage its key position within global food and industrial value chains. Every exogenous shock - financial crises, COVID-19, and the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East - highlights and exacerbates this situation, which is characterized by deep-seated structural constraints: rapid population growth, climate change, soil degradation, infrastructure deficits, insecurity, and weak institutional frameworks. The Kampala Declaration set ambitious targets for 2035 - increasing production by 45%, halving post-harvest losses, tripling intra-African trade, and mobilizing $100 billion - but achieving them requires enhanced coordination between public and private, African and international actors. Building productive, resilient, and sustainable African agri-food systems is a shared challenge for Africa and Europe. Ferdi identifies three areas of focus with significant multiplier effects and, for each, a priority for action at the Africa Forward Summit. |
| Keywords: | agri-food systems, Africa, African agriculture |
| Date: | 2026–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05614424 |
| By: | Lopez-Morales, Ernesto; Inostroza, Luis; Herrera, Nicolas; Araos, Ana Luisa; Mosso, Vicente |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the impact of ecosystem services (ES) on rural land values in southern Chile using a hedonic pricing model. The methodology integrates over 80, 000 georeferenced rustic plot transactions (1999–2023) with expert-scored data on 32 ES, including 21 regulating and 11 cultural services, mapped onto a hexagonal tessellation of structural land types. Spatial proximity to ES sources was weighted using inverse-distance functions. The results show significant and diverse effects of ES on land prices, revealing both positive (e.g., waste filtering) and negative (e.g., pollination) valuation impacts. These findings reveal critical gaps in Chile’s current tax appraisal system, which overlooks the contribution of natural capital to the formation of land value. The study emphasizes the need to modernize property taxation by incorporating the various contributions of ecosystem services to land. This approach enhances redistributive potential and strengthens territorial equity, particularly in ecologically sensitive, rapidly subdividing rural areas. |
| Date: | 2026–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bqtyz_v1 |
| By: | Blanc, Corin |
| Abstract: | Les Zones à Faibles Émissions (ZFE) visent à améliorer la qualité de l’air en limitant la circulation des véhicules les plus polluants dans les zones urbaines. Alors que leur suppression a récemment été votée par l’Assemblée nationale en France, cette note propose une synthèse de la littérature scientifique sur leurs effets environnementaux, sanitaires et sociaux. Les travaux empiriques montrent que les ZFE permettent effectivement de réduire les concentrations de polluants atmosphériques, notamment les particules fines et le dioxyde d’azote. Ces améliorations de la qualité de l’air s’accompagnent de bénéfices pour la santé, notamment une diminution de certaines maladies respiratoires et cardiovasculaires. Cependant, ces politiques peuvent également générer des coûts pour une partie de la population, en particulier pour les ménages à faibles revenus ou vivant dans des zones mal desservies par les transports publics, et éloignés des centres-villes dont l’accès se trouve restreint. En mobilisant les méthodes de l’économie du bonheur, nous analysons l’impact global de la politique sur le bien-être subjectif des individus à partir du cas de l’Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) de Londres. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’introduction de l’ULEZ s’accompagne à court terme d’une diminution de la satisfaction dans la vie, en particulier chez les travailleurs possédant une voiture et chez les individus vivant dans des zones faiblement dotées en transports publics. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance d’accompagner les politiques environnementales de dispositifs ciblés permettant de limiter leurs effets redistributifs négatifs. |
| Keywords: | Bien-être, Pollution, ZFE |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2611 |
| By: | - |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col093:89763 |
| By: | Jabar, Rudeena; Patil, Arohi; Sharma, Anjali; Chatterjee, Juhi |
| Abstract: | Just transition, an integral part of climate action, has become increasingly popular in both academic discussions and global climate negotiations. In 2022, the Just Transition Work Programme (JTWP) was established with the aim of discussing pathways to just transition in a climate-constrained world. However, the negotiations at JTWP have been slow due to fundamental disagreements in the interpretation of just transition between the Global North and Global South countries. The just transition (JT) scholarship has paid limited attention to explain the reasons for the starkly different understandings of JT across countries. In this paper, we first review academic literature on JT frameworks to understand whether and how they discuss the tensions that emerge when applying JT theories in practice. As we find limited academic literature on this topic, we develop a conceptual framework that focuses on highlighting and understanding the tensions that emerge in operationalizing academic JT frameworks in the real world. In particular, we focus on explaining tensions across different types of justice, geographical scales, and time. We then apply this framework to analyze JTWP negotiation proceedings. Our findings suggest that the existing justice frameworks do not consider the interactions between different types of justice, geographies, and time scales. This often leads them to ignore the tensions that could arise and the trade-offs that are involved in achieving a comprehensive vision of justice for all parts of the world at the same time. Through our framework, we are able to explore these tensions and explain the slow progress on JTWP negotiations. In the end, we provide examples to illustrate strategies that could be used to highlight and potentially resolve these tensions and, in turn, contribute to globally just low-carbon energy transitions. |
| Date: | 2026–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:aqg3v_v2 |
| By: | Richard Green; David Newbery |
| Keywords: | Renewable electricity support schemes, auctions, curtailment, locational pricing |
| JEL: | L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2607 |
| By: | Simon Elgersma; Hassan Benchekroun; Gerard Cornelis van der Meijden; Cees A. Withagen |
| Abstract: | We characterize the time-consistent solution to the cartel-fringe model of exhaustible resource extraction when the cartel acts as a von Stackelberg leader and renewable substitutes exist. For this feedback von Stackelberg equilibrium (FBSE), we show for each combination of stocks which equilibrium sequence will prevail. The equilibrium outcomes for the FBSE differ significantly: it features either an initial phase of simultaneous supply by the cartel and fringe or an initial phase where the cartel is the sole supplier on the market. We furthermore compare the FBSE with the Nash Cournot and the open-loop von Stackelberg equilibria. |
| Keywords: | cartel-fringe, dynamic game, time-consistency, von Stackelberg equilibrium |
| JEL: | Q01 Q30 Q38 Q42 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12648 |
| By: | Jeanne Fournier (CIRM - Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur la montagne - UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne); Ephraim Gerber (HES-SO - Haute École spécialisée de Suisse occidentale = HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland = Fachhochschule Westschweiz [Schweiz]); Emmanuel Fragnière (HES-SO - Haute École spécialisée de Suisse occidentale = HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland = Fachhochschule Westschweiz [Schweiz]); Emmanuel Salim (UTOPI - Unité de recherche Transitions Organisations Politiques Inégalités - IEP Toulouse - Sciences Po Toulouse - Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EPE UT - Université de Toulouse - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse, UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne); Leïla Kebir (UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne) |
| Abstract: | Tourism research often struggles to demonstrate its tangible influence on governance. This commentary presents a case in Valais, Switzerland, where sustained collaboration between academic institutions, public authorities, and industry translated scientific insights into tourism policy and practice. Several studies conducted in the region, including research on summer glacier skiing, contributed to climate adaptation, risk management, and destination resilience. Academic teams acted as trusted intermediaries by connecting research and decisionmaking through workshops, media engagement, and advisory roles. This long-term cooperative model supported knowledge transfer, informed cantonal climate strategies, guided tourism diversification, and stimulated public debate, illustrating how research can foster innovative governance and resilience in mountain regions. |
| Keywords: | Valais, Policy innovation, Mountain destinations, Academic collaboration, Tourism governance, Research impact |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05610134 |
| By: | Teresa Lackner (University of Graz, Austria); Stefan Nabernegg (University of Graz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The decarbonization of the residential building sector requires large upfront investments in heating system replacement and thermal renovation that fall disproportionately on lower-income households. Faced with political constraints on carbon pricing and technology mandates, investment subsidies have become the main policy instrument. This paper analyzes the distributional effects and fiscal costs of this policy approach for Austria. We develop a microsimulation model that links household-level investment needs to landlord wealth distributions, allowing us to assign the incidence of subsidies and financial burden across homeowners and landlords within a unified empirical setting. We find total investment needs amount to 78-92 billion euros over the transition period to 2040 (approximately 1% of GDP annually), implying fiscal costs of 33-40 billion euros under the 2023 subsidy scheme. Despite a targeted low-income component, approximately 45% of subsidy outlays accrue to the top three income deciles. Net investment burdens remain strongly regressive when thermal renovation is required, exceeding three annual incomes for low-income single-family homeowners. We further document substantial horizontal disparities within income groups and show that Austrias fragmented housing law is a first-order determinant of investment feasibility in the multi-apartment (rental) sector. Addressing distributional and feasibility concerns under fiscal constraints may require a policy mix combining mandates, income-contingent transfers, liquidity-support instruments and housing law reform. |
| Keywords: | residential building decarbonization, distributional effects, microsimulation, housing tenure, subsidy incidence, Austria |
| JEL: | H23 Q48 D31 R21 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grz:wpaper:2026-07 |
| By: | Couto Ribeiro, Beatriz; Castillo, Adriana; Pérez Urdiales, María |
| Abstract: | Limited access to safe and proximate water remains a defining constraint in Haiti, where access to piped water remains limited and school enrollment is not universal. Using a pseudo-panel constructed from four rounds of the Haiti Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), we estimate the causal impact of water hauling time on childrens school enrollment. Our findings reveal a strong and statistically significant, each additional minute spent fetching water reduces the likelihood of enrollment by about 1.3 percentage points, with substantially larger effects in rural areas where hauling time is highest. Gender-specific estimates reveal that the burden of distance is not symmetric. While girls more often perform water collection overall, boys disproportionately undertake long-distance trips, and simulated enrollment probabilities indicate a widening gender gap once collection times exceed 3040 minutes, with boys experiencing steeper enrollment losses. These findings demonstrate how deficient water infrastructure depresses educational participation, underscoring the potential of investments in improved and more proximate water access to generate meaningful school enrollment gains. |
| Keywords: | water;Haiti;children;school enrollment;Education;demographic and health surveys |
| JEL: | Q25 H31 I24 C36 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14591 |
| By: | Fatima Ezzahra Mengoub |
| Abstract: | Après plus de sept années de sécheresse, le Maroc a connu durant l’hiver 2025–2026 des précipitations exceptionnellement abondantes, témoignant d’une variabilité hydrique de plus en plus marquée. Cette alternance rapide entre déficit chronique et excès ponctuels révèle le paradoxe hydrique national : un système historiquement centré sur la rareté doit désormais gérer des épisodes extrêmes concentrés et intenses. Les infrastructures hydrauliques ont limité les impacts humains et économiques et assuré une reconstitution significative des réserves en eau. Néanmoins, certaines zones agricoles ont subi des pertes localisées affectant cultures, stocks fourragers, cheptel et logistique des chaînes de valeur, exposant des vulnérabilités structurelles. Parallèlement, la recharge des nappes et l’amélioration du taux de remplissage des barrages ouvrent des perspectives favorables pour les campagnes agricoles à venir. Ces événements soulignent la nécessité d’ajuster progressivement le modèle hydraulique pour intégrer la gestion des excès et renforcer la résilience agricole et la sécurité alimentaire face à une variabilité climatique croissante. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb11_26 |
| By: | Brehm, Margaret E.; Brehm, Paul A.; Cassidy, Alecia; Cassidy, Traviss |
| Abstract: | Using a natural experiment in Indonesia, we estimate the separate economic effects of natural resource booms and shared resource revenue. Contrary to Dutch disease concerns, oil and gas booms promote manufacturing growth, and shared revenue does not harm local manufacturing firms. Shared revenue significantly raises local non-oil GDP, but resource booms do not. Supply-side factors help explain the results: shared revenue increases local population and firm entry, while resource booms do not. Oil and gas booms thus benefit local economies largely through shared revenue. Where the revenue is spent matters more for local growth than where the resources are extracted. |
| Keywords: | Growth, resource booms, decentralization, manufacturing firms, Indonesia, Dutch disease |
| JEL: | H77 O13 O14 Q32 Q33 |
| Date: | 2024–07–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128970 |
| By: | Cameron Barrett |
| Abstract: | The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, a broad package of federal spending and tax policies signed into law in July 2025, spells trouble for the residential solar industry. |
| Keywords: | energy; solar; tax credits |
| Date: | 2025–11–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:102178 |
| By: | Tonnarelli, Francesco; Weaver, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | This study explores evidence-based urban planning (EBUP) within three secondary cities in the Global South—eThekwini, Khorog, and Bosaso—emphasizing public sector capacity to utilize data in urban management. Amidst the proliferation of data and advanced analytical tools, many local administrations struggle with effective data use due to limited resources, technology, and governance frameworks. This paper examines how urban planners mobilize, integrate, and apply data to create actionable evidence for city planning, considering the socio-political and technological landscapes that influence these processes. By analyzing qualitative data from interviews and case studies, this research highlights the challenges and potential of EBUP to address urban issues in data-scarce environments. The concept of good enough evidence is explored, advocating for practical, adaptable, and locally tailored planning efforts that prioritize immediate urban needs over exhaustive data collection. This approach seeks to balance ambition with practicality, offering a pragmatic pathway for cities facing constraints in resources and capabilities. |
| Keywords: | data governance; evidence-based urban planning; global south; secondary cities; sustainable development |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137945 |
| By: | Henri-Louis Védie |
| Abstract: | Ce Policy Brief est consacré aux phénomènes de gaspillage et de mésusage de l’eau: deux impératifs de la lutte contre le stress hydrique, rappelés, avec insistance, par Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI dans son discours du 29 juillet 2024, à l’occasion de la célébration du 25ème anniversaire de son accession au Trône. La première partie de l’étude aborde la problématique générale du gaspillage et du mésusage des ressources en eau au Maroc. Si 88 % des ressources en eau, soit la moyenne historique, sont consommés par l’agriculture, les ménages et l’industrie se partagent les 12 % restants. Elle précise, aussi, ce qui rapproche le gaspillage et le mésusage, et ce qui les différencie. La seconde partie porte sur la lutte contre ces gaspillage et mésusage, précisant leur origine et leur diversité. À partir de l’analyse des actions et mesures en cours, elle propose des actions à mener pour en accroitre l’efficacité. Deux ont été privilégiées. Celle, tout d’abord, d’une refonte du système de tarification de l’eau, potable en particulier, qui protège les consommateurs vulnérables, tout en pénalisant les gros consommateurs. Celle, ensuite, de la généralisation du traitement des eaux usées et de leur réutilisation. Le prix de l’eau est, en effet, au cœur de la lutte contre son gaspillage et son mésusage. Les remèdes existent, nombreux et pluralistes, ayant en commun un prix élevé. Ce qui devrait permettre, en y recourant, de tourner la page, dans l’inconscient collectif, d’une eau quasi gratuite, contribuant de fait à son gaspillage. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb24_26 |
| By: | Henri-Louis Védie |
| Abstract: | Ce Policy Brief est consacré aux phénomènes de gaspillage et de mésusage de l’eau: deux impératifs de la lutte contre le stress hydrique, rappelés, avec insistance, par Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI dans son discours du 29 juillet 2024, à l’occasion de la célébration du 25ème anniversaire de son accession au Trône. La première partie de l’étude aborde la problématique générale du gaspillage et du mésusage des ressources en eau au Maroc. Si 88 % des ressources en eau, soit la moyenne historique, sont consommés par l’agriculture, les ménages et l’industrie se partagent les 12 % restants. Elle précise, aussi, ce qui rapproche le gaspillage et le mésusage, et ce qui les différencie. La seconde partie porte sur la lutte contre ces gaspillage et mésusage, précisant leur origine et leur diversité. À partir de l’analyse des actions et mesures en cours, elle propose des actions à mener pour en accroitre l’efficacité. Deux ont été privilégiées. Celle, tout d’abord, d’une refonte du système de tarification de l’eau, potable en particulier, qui protège les consommateurs vulnérables, tout en pénalisant les gros consommateurs. Celle, ensuite, de la généralisation du traitement des eaux usées et de leur réutilisation. Le prix de l’eau est, en effet, au cœur de la lutte contre son gaspillage et son mésusage. Les remèdes existent, nombreux et pluralistes, ayant en commun un prix élevé. Ce qui devrait permettre, en y recourant, de tourner la page, dans l’inconscient collectif, d’une eau quasi gratuite, contribuant de fait à son gaspillage. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbagri:pb_24-26 |
| By: | Garrett Golding; Reid Taylor |
| Abstract: | Many Texas residents remain skeptical about the reliability of the electric grid since massive dayslong outages in February 2021. Notably, the power supply situation has since improved, with capacity added over the past two years, primarily from solar and a tripling of battery storage capacity. |
| Keywords: | batteries; electricity; energy; solar; Texas |
| Date: | 2025–11–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:102075 |
| By: | Klaus Wohlrabe; Stefan Sauer |
| Abstract: | The ifo Business Climate Index for Germany is one of the most widely used leading indicators for the German economy. This paper introduces a new vintage dataset that contains all originally published time series of the ifo Business Climate Index and its components since January 2004. The dataset covers eight sectors - including the aggregate indicators for Overall Economy and Industry and Trade as well as six sectoral indicators - each with three time series for business climate, current business situation, and business expectations. It documents the historical evolution of the index across publication vintages and captures revisions arising from seasonal adjustment and from methodological changes, such as the transition to the X-13ARIMA-SEATS seasonal adjustment method in 2015 and the inclusion of the service sector in 2018. A revision analysis covering the period from April 2018 onward shows that first-release values are highly reliable: mean revisions are close to zero across all series, and the directional signal of the month-on-month change is confirmed by subsequent vintages in more than nine out of ten months for the headline indicator. The dataset is publicly available at https://www.ifo.de/ifo-zeitreihen and enables a wide range of further research, including real-time forecasting exercises, turning-point analyses, and studies of financial market reactions to initial data releases. |
| Keywords: | ifo Business Survey, ifo Business Climate Index, real-time dataset, revision analysis |
| JEL: | C43 C80 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12665 |
| By: | Tom Roullier; Justin Larouzée (CRC - Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | In a globalized world, industrial risks linked to the hazard potential of physic-chemical and/or biological processes and phenomena transcend borders, yet there are disparities in regulations leading to differences in risk management practices and hence protection worldwide. This article examines the factors that can explain and influence the diversity of regulations governing industrial and natural hazards in different countries. The analysis shows that differences can be explained by three main factors: (1) political systems, (2) economic priorities and (3) cultural and historical legacies. These disparities raise questions about risk management in multinational companies and international cooperation. While total harmonization seems both impossible and undesirable, the study recommends a middle way of strengthened and flexible international cooperation, respecting local specificities while promoting the sharing of expertise. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05533221 |
| By: | Cameron Barrett; Kunal Patel; Michael D. Plante |
| Abstract: | Texas is now the top state for utility-scale solar power generation capacity. However, developers of new solar projects face a changing operating environment, one lacking strong federal policy support but also featuring cost-boosting tariffs on imported solar module components. |
| Keywords: | solar; Texas |
| Date: | 2026–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:102573 |
| By: | François Fulconis (AU - Avignon Université, •JPEG - Laboratoire des sciences Juridiques, Politique, Economiques et de Gestion - AU - Avignon Université, CRET-LOG - Centre de Recherche sur le Transport et la Logistique - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Gilles A Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); François Grünewald (Groupe URD (Urgence Réhabilitation Développement)) |
| Abstract: | Climatic change is not merely a natural disaster but a crisis of collective judgment, exposing the challenges that governance and educational systems face in navigating uncertainty. Constrained by outdated predictive models and indicators derived from a historically stable world, educators often prioritize analytical calculation over the capacity to perceive connections, anticipate complexity, and imagine possibilities. Consequently, approaching action as a balance between analytical rigor and creative intuition becomes essential. French Institutes of Technology (IUTs, "U" for University) exemplify this approach: their strong local engagement and close ties with professional sectors support a pedagogy grounded in real-world challenges, where decision-making confronts uncertainty and complexity. Through a rigorous integration of theory and practice, IUTs cultivate undergraduate students capable of exercising discernment in unstable environments, avoiding the creation of "hemiplegic" decision-makers confined to a single mode of thought. This perspective highlights that hybridization of knowledge and practical skills offers a powerful means of responding to the intellectual, social, and political disorientation revealed by contemporary climate crises. |
| Keywords: | Decision-making, France, Institutes of Technology (IUTs), Pedagogical innovation, Uncertainty, Undergraduate students, Climatic change |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05610595 |
| By: | Garrett Golding |
| Abstract: | As ERCOT forecasts accelerated load growth due to anticipated data center construction and electrification trends, the current generation mix and market design should garner increased scrutiny. |
| Keywords: | electricity; solar; batteries; Texas |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:d00001:99476 |
| By: | Yves Jégourel |
| Abstract: | Sur les marchés mondiaux de matières premières, l’année 2025 s’est inscrite dans le sillage de 2024 : une hausse record des cours des métaux précieux dans le contexte d’incertitudes, toujours plus marquées, et des métaux de base dont la performance a, une fois encore, été largement déterminée par les niveaux de l’offre minière. Du côté des ‘’ softs’’, cacao et café se sont repliés après les records de prix passés, tandis que le marché des céréales a connu une relative stabilité des prix entre 2024 et 2025, dans le contexte de récoltes abondantes à l’échelle mondiale. Les cours du pétrole et du gaz se sont, eux, quelque peu affranchis de la composante géopolitique pour revenir aux fondamentaux économiques. L’offre étant abondante, c’est sur un repli qu’ils ont achevé l’année 2025, malgré un net rebond à la fin du mois de janvier 2026 en raison d’un début d’hiver froid. Alors que les matières premières sont connues pour être l’un des puissants baromètres de l’état du monde, tel n’a pas été le cas en 2025. Dans cette forme de trompe-l’œil, les cours du pétrole n’ont ainsi guère réagi aux importantes crispations du Moyen-Orient, à l’intensification de la guerre en Ukraine, comme à l’intervention américaine au Venezuela. L’or, à l’inverse, s’en est fait le reflet. Dans un environnement économique et politique très instable, une chose est pourtant certaine : le monde est désormais pleinement entré dans l’âge des métaux. Dans une course à la sécurisation des approvisionnements en métaux stratégiques, les États-Unis font désormais feu de tout bois pour tenter de combler l’avance prise par la Chine. Au-delà des nombreuses crises et conflits, de nature plurielle, c’est la confirmation de la fin d’un ordre international par la règle et le retour des sphères d’influence qui fera de 2025 une année charnière. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb13_26 |