|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Tröger, Tobias |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the limits of corporate governance as a tool for advancing climate transition. While capital market mechanisms, shareholder stewardship, say-on-climate votes, and ESG-linked executive compensation are often presented as effective levers for greening corporate behavior, their transformative capacity is systematically constrained. Building on insights from financial economics and agency theory, the paper highlights incentive distortions within the complex investment ecosystem and introduces the "waterbed effect" as a central, yet underappreciated, limitation. Firm-specific governance interventions alter marginal abatement incentives asymmetrically, inducing competitive reallocation of emissions or production that may fully offset intended environmental gains. A formal model demonstrates how such interventions fail to reduce aggregate emissions under emissions trading systems and may even be counterproductive in competitive product markets. The analysis suggests that corporate governance can complement, but not substitute for, universally applicable regulatory instruments such as carbon pricing or comprehensive emissions caps. Overreliance on governance-based solutions risks inefficient resource allocation and may crowd out the political momentum necessary for effective climate regulation. |
| Keywords: | Corporate governance, Climate change, Waterbed effect, Systematic stewardship, ESG, Emissions trading |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:339600 |
| By: | Akcan Balkir |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effectiveness and incidence of the renewable energy Production Tax Credit (PTC) and Investment Tax Credit (ITC). I leverage new geographical variation in the 2023 PTC and ITC to test whether renewable energy credits had real economic impacts. Communities with greater tax credits accumulated 32% more renewable energy capital and produced 28% more renewable energy compared to similar counties. These renewable investments had local economic spillovers, increasing county level construction wages by 7%. However, local increases in investment and wages from renewable projects did not improve political support for renewable energy, but rather increased opposition to congressional action on climate change by 2%. |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2604.00582 |
| By: | Rainer Niemann; Anna Rohlfing-Bastian |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how ESG-linked executive compensation interacts with carbon taxation in a multitask principal-agent framework. A risk-neutral principal with financial and environmental preferences incentivizes a risk-averse manager to exert productive and abatement effort while facing an exogenous carbon tax on emissions. We show that, in the absence of ESG incentives, carbon taxes reduce emissions mainly by lowering production. In contrast, ESG-linked compensation shifts emission reductions toward increased abatement, allowing the principal to raise expected payoff while simultaneously reducing emissions, both with and without carbon taxation. However, carbon taxes narrow the range of feasible ESG preferences and, at high levels, may induce excessive abatement, potentially leading to negative net emissions. Our results highlight the importance of aligning internal incentive design with external climate regulation. The interplay of ESG compensation and carbon taxes should also be considered from a regulatory perspective. |
| Keywords: | ESG-linked executive compensation, carbon taxation, environmental regulation, climate policy, managerial incentives |
| JEL: | D82 M52 Q58 Q54 H25 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12582 |
| By: | Takayuki Sakuma |
| Abstract: | Although climate and nature related scenario analysis is increasingly important in finance, there is still no operational framework that translates long horizon environmental scenarios into counterparty credit risk measures for pricing and regulatory capital. We propose an environmental valuation adjustment framework for CVA with three components: (i) a scenario to credit translation that maps environmental scenario drivers into hazard rates; (ii) nature specific tail generators that quantify model risk in scenario generation; and (iii) a distributionally robust wrong way risk bound based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. We compute climate CVAs using transition scenarios and nature CVAs using biodiversity indicators. Our results show that nature CVAs can vary materially across alternative ecosystem generators, highlighting an additional source of model uncertainty. Our case study further shows that environmental credit risk may operate through linked climate nature transmission channels, motivating an integrated Environmental CVA framework. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.23842 |
| By: | Thaller, Lotta; Harding, Anthony; Saldivia Gonzatti, Ignacio; Schwingshackl, Clemens; O'Sullivan, Michael; Pongratz, Julia; Rickels, Wilfried |
| Abstract: | Climate change damages vary across countries, because of regional variation in climate metrics like temperature and regional variation in economic exposure. This is evident in the breakdown of the social cost of carbon: the country social cost of carbon (CSCC). While for the former a large amount of estimates exists, only few studies provide information on the per country breakdown and among those few, empirically- derived estimates do not well align with model-based derived estimates. Here, we derive a new set of CSCC estimates consistent with macroeconomic growth theory which align with model-based estimates. We obtain a median estimate for the SCC of US dollars (US$) 167 per tCO2 (2020 prices, 66% CI: 39 to 312) for our main specification. India has the highest median CSCC (US$50 per tCO2 with 66% CI: 26 to 80), resulting from a relatively high GDP and relatively high projected temperature. Furthermore, we apply the CSCC estimates to assess the wealth contributions resulting from carbon sequestration in land ecosystems globally, nationally, and across borders. Countries both contribute to and benefit from sequestrationelsewhere, which is particularly relevant for designing payment schemes. Under a global agreement, Brazil for example would receive median US$202 ha-1 yr-1 for forest protection. In more plausible bilateral settings, India, the country with the highest CSCC, could offer Brazil a median payment of US$91 ha-1 yr- 1 to preserve primary forests. |
| Keywords: | carbon sequestration, inclusive wealth, land use, social cost of carbon |
| JEL: | Q23 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:339612 |
| By: | Thomas Marois (McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]); Jacob Woolford (UH - University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield]); Ali Rıza Güngen (McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]); Régis Marodon (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Keywords: | Global environmental and climate finance crises, global green and just transitions, 2030 SDGs, global public development bank ecosystem, national development banks and multi-lateral development banks colla-borations, Finance in Common Summit (FiCS), United Nations Finance for Development Conference (FfD4) |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05491434 |
| By: | Hector, Vinícius; Araujo, Rafael; Costa, Francisco J M (FGV EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of upstream deforestation on water coverage and burned area in wetlands. Using a panel dataset of satellite-derived land cover for multiple hydrographic basins, we analyze this relationship in the Brazilian Pantanal from 1985 to 2023. We find that a 1% increase in upstream deforestation reduces water coverage by 0.51% and increases burned area by 0.55% per year. The effect of upstream deforestation on downstream burned area generates an emissions multiplier, as carbon released through deforestation is compounded by emissions from downstream burned area. On average, for each ton of carbon emitted due to deforestation, an additional 0.14 tons are released through downstream fire. |
| Date: | 2026–03–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:v9sm7_v1 |
| By: | Diaz Tautiva, Julián Andrés (Universidad Católica De Temuco); Vasquez-Lavin, Felipe; Oliva, Roberto Ponce; Reyes, Carolina Martinez; Gelcich, Stefan |
| Abstract: | This article examines how climate-induced environmental changes, including beach erosion and temporary closures, affect tourist welfare in Chile’s main sun-and-beach destinations. Using the Travel Cost Method, we estimate conservative lower bounds for tourists’ welfare measures to mitigate beach retreat, conserve nearby ecosystems, and maintain beach access. Results show a positive willingness to pay of CLP 868.17 per additional meter of beach width (USD 1.00) and significant welfare losses from potential one-day closures, ranging from CLP 374.39 million (USD 0.43 million) in Coquimbo to CLP 325.24 million (USD 0.37 million) in Valparaíso. Tourists value natural features but react negatively to visible infrastructure such as drainage systems. These findings offer practical insights for climate adaptation and sustainable coastal management in tourism-dependent regions. |
| Date: | 2026–03–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:78dfg_v1 |
| By: | M D Castro-Cadenas (ICM - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona - CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain], UB - Universitat de Barcelona); Joachim Claudet (CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); M. Ortega (ICM - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona - CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]); V. Sbragaglia (ICM - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona - CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]); M. Coll (ICM - Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona - CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]) |
| Abstract: | Intergovernmental targets are reinforcing the need for more sustainable fisheries and more effective marine conservation. It is now urgent to understand how area-based conservation and sustainable fisheries management tools contribute to these environmental and socio-economic goals. Here, we systematically reviewed and assessed the outcomes of marine protected areas (accounting for their level of protection and of enforcement), fisheries restricted areas, and fishing effort reduction measures in the Mediterranean Sea, using 11 ecological and economic indicators. We show that commercial species in general, and fish species in particular, showed the highest proportion of positive to neutral effects in response to the management tools assessed compared to non-commercial and benthic assemblages. Among the management tools, partially protected areas showed the lowest proportion of positive to neutral effects compared to fully protected areas, and to the other management tools. Partially protected areas and fully protected areas showed higher neutral to negative ratio than fishing effort reduction measures overall. Within MPA protection levels with high enforcement, fully protected areas outperformed minimally protected areas, based on the higher positive to neutral effects ratio. Our results further underscored the critical role of enforcement, particularly for fully protected areas, which were found more beneficial overall under high enforcement than medium enforcement (based on positive to neutral effects ratio). Our findings support the prioritisation of well enforced fully protected areas and the integration of fisheries management and conservation objectives in marine spatial planning to effectively achieve regional and global sustainability goals for the ocean. |
| Keywords: | Level of enforcement, Level of protection, Marine protected areas, Conservation outcomes, Fisheries |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05564055 |
| By: | Rawane Yasser (AFD - Agence française de développement); Muna Shifa (University of Cape Town); Anda David (AFD - Agence française de développement); Murray Leibbrandt (University of Cape Town); Vimal Ranchhod (University of Cape Town); Harald Winkler (University of Cape Town) |
| Abstract: | The interlinkages between climate change and socioeconomic inequality are increasingly acknowledged, yet analytical frameworks and empirical tools that jointly address these dimensions remain limited. This paper contributes to these discussions by distilling the key channels through which climate change and inequality mutually reinforce one another and by identifying a set of indicators to measure these linkages and inform policies in different country contexts. |
| Keywords: | Climate vulnerability, Adaptation, Inequalities, Changement climatique, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05474107 |
| By: | Lee, Amy PhD; Volker, Jamey PhD; Handy, Susan PhD |
| Abstract: | The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires lead agencies to evaluate the environmental impacts of major projects, including highway expansion projects, and to mitigate those impacts to the extent feasible. In 2013, SB 743 (Steinberg) changed how transportation impacts are evaluated by shifting the performance measure from traffic delay to vehicle miles traveled (VMT), a measure of total driving. This change reflected evidence that the metric of VMT captures the influence that transportation projects have on driving behavior and its related environmental and social impacts, such as greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, safety, and public health. How have lead agencies implemented the requirement to analyze and mitigate VMT induced by highway expansion projects? To better understand how SB 743 has affected highway expansion projects in practice, we reviewed state regulation and guidance and evaluated the Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs) for the six highway expansion projects that have started the environmental review process since the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) adopted guidance in 2020 to implement SB 743. In this brief, we focus on how lead agencies propose to mitigate any increases in VMT from each of the six highway expansion projects, including the measures proposed, the extent to which mitigation reduces VMT, the cost associated with mitigation, and sources of funding for VMT mitigation. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0r61q59c |
| By: | Coline Seralta (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, OpenLab Carbon Economics for Mobility, Stellantis France); Emma Jagu Schippers (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School); Yannick Perez (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay); Pascal da Costa (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | According to the IPCC, carbon dioxide removal is unavoidable to reach the Paris Agreements climate targets C (Shukla et al., 2022). Carbon dioxide removal include all human activities aiming at removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and durably storing it (Smith et al., 2024). Biochar is a carbon-dense, biogenic charcoal produced through the pyrolysis of biomass, which transforms the carbon content originating from atmospheric CO2 (fixed through photosynthesis) into a more stable form of carbon for long term storage. This process also co-produces syngas and bio-oil and, once applied to agricultural soil, biochar can increase crop yields. Biochar is one of the mature CDR methods that private investors invest in the most. In 2023, it represented more carbon removed from the atmosphere than Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Direct Air Capture with CCS (DACCS) combined (Pongratz et al., 2024), with a global market worth $600 millions (Global Biochar Market Soars to $600 Million in 2023, Setting the Stage for Future Growth, 2024). However, Biochar is much less included in Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) scenarios than the two others less mature CDR technologies, with only two scenarios accounting for biochar in the latest IPCC report compared to 280 for DACCS (Byers et al., 2022). Certain scenarios were shown to rely too heavily on BECCS and CCS to reach our climate targets (Kazlou et al., 2024; Workman et al., 2021), questioning our ability to meet our climate targets and our aim is to identify of it is the case for Biochar. IPCC scenarios accounting for biochar plan for an acceleration phase until 2040 stabilizing until 2100 with a maximum of 2, 4 Gt CO2 in 2050 (Byers et al., 2022). The objective of this paper is to analyze the industrial feasibility of biochar, beyond the hype in the private sector and the lack of data in the scientific literature. Biochar industrial development challenges existing scenarios and offers new realistic estimates for the potential of carbon dioxide removal with a mature technology. In this paper, we will investigate the potential and industrial limitations of Biochar as a contributor to Net Zero efforts. |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05546332 |
| By: | Baraldi, Anna Laura; Cantabene, Claudia; De Iudicibus, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | Governments increasingly rely on purchase incentives for electric and hybrid vehicles to address both climate change and local air pollution. This paper provides new causal evidence on the environmental effectiveness of sub-national vehicle purchase incentives in Italy. Exploiting rich spatial and temporal variation in regional and municipal policies across Italian provincial capitals between 2013 and 2023, we show that the introduction of purchase incentives leads to statistically and economically significant reductions in traffic-related air pollution, measured by maximum annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These effects are robust across multiple specifications and placebo tests and are primarily driven by direct cash subsidies, while purely fiscal incentives do not generate detectable improvements in air quality. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we document that incentives substantially increase the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles and accelerate the phase-out of diesel cars, having an effect on investment in active mobility infrastructure and on changes in selected forms of electric micro-mobility. A decomposition exercise shows that technological substitution within the vehicle fleet is the main channel through which incentives reduce NO2 concentrations. Overall, the results highlight the importance of incentive design and provide policy-relevant evidence on the role of demand-side policies in improving urban air quality. |
| Keywords: | Vehicle purchase incentives, Urban air pollution, Electric and hybrid vehicles, Difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | H2 H20 Q4 |
| Date: | 2026–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127835 |
| By: | Antoine Teixeira (ADEME - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie); Fanny Vicard (ADEME - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie) |
| Abstract: | European climate policies largely target territorial emissions, overlooking greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and raw materials embodied in international trade. This study quantifies the potential and limitations of a sufficiency-oriented national strategy to reduce these impacts from a consumption-based perspective. Using the MatMat Environmentally Extended Input-Output (EEIO) model, we assess France's transition pathways toward Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2050 under two scenarios: an Efficiency-driven (Eff.) and a Sufficiency-oriented (Suff.) one. Results show that sufficiency systematically outperforms efficiency by reducing both GHG emissions (-44% vs. -31%) and raw material extraction (-24% vs -4%). Its outperformance stems from its stronger ability to reduce import dependency and to shift demand towards less material-intensive production. Housing, mobility, and food drive most reductions, while final services remain a persistent blind spot. In 2050, about twothirds of France's consumption-based impacts remain embodied in imports, 75% of which originate outside the EU, limiting the leverage of European decarbonization policies. These findings highlight the upstream mitigation potential of sufficiency and the need to extend NZE strategies beyond territorial scopes. Two key implications emerge. First, extending sufficiency to service provision is crucial to limit rebound effects and address the growing role of services in ageing societies. Second, integrating sufficiency into coordinated EU-level trade, industrial, and resource policies is essential to tackle imported pressures and strengthen the resilience of low-carbon transitions. |
| Keywords: | Sufficiency, Consumption-based GHG emissions and raw materials, Net-Zero emissions strategies, Scenarios analysis, Input-Output analysis, Industrial ecology |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05561584 |
| By: | Araujo, Rafael; Costa, Francisco J M (FGV EPGE Brazilian School of Economics and Finance); Hector, Vinícius; Sant'Anna, Marcelo (Fundação Getulio Vargas) |
| Abstract: | The energy transition depends not only on building renewable capacity but also on protecting the natural resources on which renewables rely. This paper shows that conservation and renewable policies are complements. We quantify how Amazon deforestation affects Brazil's electricity market by reducing rainfall and hydropower generation. We model the transmission chain from deforestation to atmospheric moisture, to downwind rainfall, to river discharge and hydro output, and embed the resulting supply shift within a market-equilibrium framework. Counterfactual simulations indicate that reversing all deforestation since 1985 would increase annual hydroelectric output by 13 TWh, lower electricity prices, and generate welfare gains of USD 1.1 billion per year. These gains are unevenly distributed: consumers benefit from lower prices and Amazon-basin hydropower producers benefit from higher output, while thermal generators and hydropower producers elsewhere lose. Finally, we identify small, high-leverage regions that account for a disproportionate share of hydropower value, informing targeted conservation and restoration. |
| Date: | 2026–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5cukh_v1 |
| By: | Steve Cicala; David Hémous; Morten Olsen |
| Abstract: | We propose a new policy instrument that leverages adverse selection when Pigouvian poli- cies are infeasible or undesirable. Our policy gives firms the option to pay a tax on their voluntarily disclosed emissions, or an output tax based on the average emissions among undis- closed firms. We derive sufficient statistics formulas to calculate the welfare gains relative to an output tax, and an algorithm to implement the policy with minimal information. In an application to methane emissions from oil and gas fields, our policy generates significant welfare gains. Finally, we extend our analysis to the design of international carbon policy. |
| JEL: | D82 H2 Q54 L51 H87 K32 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zur:econwp:491 |
| By: | Cavatassi, Romina (World Bank); Garg, Teevrat (University of California, San Diego); Graff Zivin, Joshua (UC San Diego); Paolantonio, Adriana (World Bank); Vargas, David (UC San Diego); Wollburg, Philip (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is reshaping the economic environment in which households make decisions, generating diverse adaptive responses and increasing the need for data that can guide effective policy. Yet current measurement efforts remain fragmented, reflecting two key gaps: limited systematic data on household adaptation and the lack of a structured framework to interpret it. This paper addresses both by developing a literature-informed framework for diagnosing household-level climate adaptation, focusing on adjustments in income-generating activities as a primary response to climate risk. The framework follows four stages: mapping income streams, assessing exposure, identifying feasible responses, and analysing take-up alongside the constraints that limit adoption. It integrates both objective and subjective dimensions of exposure, recognising the role of perceptions, beliefs, and information. By situating decisions within broader institutional and economic contexts, the framework can inform survey design, improve diagnosis of adaptation gaps, and generate more policy-relevant and comparable data to support efforts to scale effective adaptation and strengthen household climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | climate change, adaptation, households, development |
| JEL: | Q54 O13 O12 D13 Q12 J22 D91 O18 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18464 |
| By: | Henrekson, Magnus; Sandström, Christian; Stenkula, Mikael |
| Abstract: | * Since the 2008 financial crisis, environmental policy has shifted away from simply managing negative externalities and gradually converged with regular industrial policy. Various 'green deals' have been launched around the world with the aim of achieving a combination of economic and environmental development. * Economists, such as Mariana Mazzucato, have gained traction among European policymakers, arguing that governments should not only focus on correcting potential market failures but should also formulate and finance comprehensive public missions to steer innovation towards proposed solutions and technologies. * In 2020, the European Union launched its Green Deal. Six years later, investments in hydrogen-based projects have collapsed, and electricity prices are twice as high as in the U.S. and China. * The United Kingdom has followed a similar trajectory, with comparable results in terms of declining industrial competitiveness and soaring electricity prices. * So far, the EU Green Deal has proved to be expensive, fragmented and ineffective. However, this does not mean that there are no alternative ways to reconcile economic development with environmental considerations. * The green transition should be guided by market price signals rather than by directional industrial policy. Such a framework could be achieved with a) a uniform and comprehensive emissions trading system that in principle covers the entire economy, and b) technology neutrality on the part of government without sector targets, industry support, or industry-specific subsidies. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ieadps:339593 |
| By: | Gómez-Lobo, Andrés; Price, Juan José |
| Abstract: | At the end of 2014 a “Green” registration tax on new vehicle sales was introduced in Chile. In this paper we use a novel vehicle-based dataset to estimate the impact of this policy on average nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission rates of new vehicle purchases. We analyze two impact channels: substitution from diesel to gasoline vehicles and substitution from more to less polluting diesel vehicles. We rely on a difference-in-differences approach and focus our analysis on pickup trucks. Our identification strategy benefits from the fact that for this type of vehicle the policy defined a taxable and exempt group. In addition, the tax was increased on two occasions after its implementation, hence we can estimate its impact as a function of treatment intensity. Our findings suggest that an average tax that reached 7-8% of the sale price resulted in an overall increase of 4 to 8 percentage points in the probability of purchasing a gasoline over a diesel pickup truck for affected purchases, reducing the average emission rate for this class of vehicles. In addition, we find suggestive evidence that within the diesel pickup group the tax may have induced a substitution to a cleaner model once it became available in the market. The policy's aggregate environmental impact is small since a large fraction of the most polluting vehicles are exempt. Finally, we do not find evidence of an increase in CO2 emissions as a result of the tax. Policy recommendations are discussed. |
| Keywords: | emisiones;Registration Tax |
| JEL: | Q52 H23 R48 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14544 |
| By: | Luyi Gui; Tinglong Dai |
| Abstract: | AI and renewable energy are increasingly framed as a "power couple" -- the idea that surging AI electricity demand will accelerate clean-energy investment -- yet concerns persist that AI will instead entrench fossil-fuel carbon lock-in. We reconcile these views by modeling the equilibrium interaction between AI growth and renewable investment. In a parsimonious game, a policymaker invests in renewable capacity available to AI and an AI developer chooses capability; the equilibrium depends on scaling regimes and market incentives. When the market payoff to capability is supermodular and performance gains are near-linear in compute, developers push toward frontier scale even when the marginal megawatt-hour is fossil-based. In this regime, renewable expansion can primarily relax scaling constraints rather than displace fossil generation one-for-one, weakening incentives to build enough clean capacity and reinforcing fossil dependence. This yields an "adaptation trap": as climate damages rise, the value of AI-enabled adaptation increases, which strengthens incentives to enable frontier scaling while tolerating residual fossil use. When AI faces diminishing returns and lower scaling efficiency, energy costs discipline capability choices; renewable investment then both enables capability and decarbonizes marginal compute, generating an "adaptation pathway" in which climate stress strengthens incentives for clean-capacity expansion and can support a carbon-free equilibrium. A calibrated case study illustrates these mechanisms using observed magnitudes for investment, capability, and energy use. Decarbonizing AI is an equilibrium outcome: effective policy must keep clean capacity binding at the margin as compute expands. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.26678 |
| By: | Charlotte Sophia Bez; Jorge A. Bonilla; Brigitte Castañeda Rodríguez; Jorge H. García; Leonard Missbach; Farah Mohammadzadeh Valencia; Jan Christoph Steckel |
| Abstract: | Subsidizing fossil fuel consumption is at odds with climate change mitigation and a heavy burden on public budgets. Yet, efforts to reform such subsidies often face strong public opposition. We examine whether informing citizens about the effects of fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) and complementary policy measures can increase public acceptance. We study this question using a novel survey experiment in Colombia, a country currently aiming at reforming existing fossil fuel subsidies. Building on Hoy et al (2026), our experiment exposes respondents to different information treatments, including from an innovative calculation of personal costs, and options for complementary policy measures. Leveraging a representative sample with more than 3, 600 respondents, we find that information provision alone has limited effects on public support, as citizens rarely update their - at times - incorrect beliefs. In contrast, policy design is crucial. Complementing FFSR with additional measures shifts public opinion from majority opposition to majority support. Informing about the environmental effects of FFSR is most effective and strongly increases support for environmentally oriented complementary policies. Opposition to FFSR without complementary measures remains primarily driven by concerns about impacts on poorer households. |
| Keywords: | political economy, public finance, subsidies, climate change, fossil fuels, energy policy, survey experiment, distributional impacts |
| JEL: | P16 H20 H23 D63 H22 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12583 |
| By: | Nopparuj Chindasombatcharoen; Phumsith Mahasuweerachai |
| Abstract: | Reducing environmental damage from agricultural systems is a critical priority for governments. Particularly, rice farmers in developing nations frequently resort to the environmentally harmful practice of post-harvest residue burning. Promotion of practices to mitigate burning is met with differing degrees of success. Through experimental research with farmers in Thailand, this study examines the impact of temporary cost and income subsidies on the reduction of burning by farmers with differing financial attributes. Financial characteristics were modelled by imposing budget constraints on participants through varying initial endowments. The findings indicated that temporary subsidies were effective in not only the short-term during provision but also in the longterm after subsidies ended. Additionally, several psychological impacts contributing to disparities in adoption rates were identified, including the perceived need for obtaining more income among budget-constrained individuals and the noteworthy impact of loss aversion on long-term adoption decisions. The study’s insights offer valuable contributions to understanding smallholder farmers’ behaviours in accepting temporary subsidies for sustainable agriculture and provides policymakers with practical strategies to alleviate the harmful consequences of conventional farming practices. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable agriculture; Crop residue burning; Field experiment; Financial incentives; Smallholder farmers; Budget constraints |
| JEL: | D91 O13 H23 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:247 |
| By: | Yao Liang; Xin Weng; Tingting Sun |
| Abstract: | This study provides a comprehensive strategic analysis of infrastructure energy investment in the context of the global low-carbon transition. Integrating quantitative panel data analysis across 15 countries (2010-2023), detailed case studies of Germany, the United States, China, and the European Union, and scenario simulations through 2050, we examine how policy, technology, and economic factors interact to determine investment effectiveness. Using panel data from 15 countries over the period 2010-2023, we find that renewable energy investment is systematically associated with higher economic growth and lower carbon emissions after controlling for country and year fixed effects. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.26702 |
| By: | Marie Cellou (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IGR-IAE Rennes - Institut de Gestion de Rennes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Rennes - UR - Université de Rennes, UR - Université de Rennes) |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between public policy and corporate profitability in the context of climate change. We use panel regressions on a sample of 25 S&P500 fossil fuel companies from 2004 to 2018. We show that public attention to climate issues can have a significant impact on financial performance of firms. Indeed, we observe that climate regulatory uncertainty, as well as the stringency of public environmental policies, do not have a significant impact on the ex-post profitability of the fossil fuel companies in our sample, except when public attention to climate issues intensifies. |
| Keywords: | climate change, public attention, regulatory stringency, regulatory uncertainty, Financial performance |
| Date: | 2026–02–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05558197 |
| By: | Giacomo Inserra (CONAF - Chartered Agronomist); Eugenio Pomarici (Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua); Foued Cheriet (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The relationship between wine products and the concepts of quality, identity, place, typicality and terroir is rooted in a deep socio-cultural and agricultural connection. Today, that bond, once considered incontrovertible, is increasingly at risk of weakening or fading due to the impacts of Climate Change. In light of this, our study aims to explore wine growers' perceptions of these effects and examine the adaptation strategies, both planned and already implemented, chosen by winegrowers. The phenomenon was investigated at both national and regional levels in two of the world's most significant wine-producing countries, namely France and Italy, focusing specifically on producers in the Languedoc-Roussillon and Tuscany wine regions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twenty-three wine producers, revealing a high level of awareness regarding the severe climatic impacts, with coping strategies varying by region. However, these adaptive approaches often conflict with the rigid product specifications of the designations of origin, which have remained largely unchanged over time, showing limited flexibility in response to an evolving climate, society and market. In this context, the study underscores the urgent need for dynamic regulatory frameworks to support the adaptation efforts and measures developed by European wine producers. |
| Keywords: | Policies and regulatory framework, Quality, Tuscany, Languedoc-Roussillon, Strategies, Wine, Terroir, Climate change, Typicality, Identity |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05557909 |
| By: | Faiza Elloumi (FSEG Sfax - Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion de Sfax - جامعة صفاقس - Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, جامعة صفاقس - Université de Sfax - University of Sfax) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) can accelerate the transition toward a circular economy by optimizing resource use, enhancing supply chain transparency, and promoting innovative, sustainable business models. Through concrete applications such as intelligent waste sorting and reverse logistics, AI contributes to reducing losses, improving traceability, and supporting innovative circular practices. A survey conducted with 65 Tunisian SMEs confirms that, when adoption is supported by organizational and institutional factors, AI improves environmental performance and helps achieve sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence, Circular economy, Reverse logistics, Resource optimization, Traceability |
| Date: | 2025–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05557018 |
| By: | Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu; Burchi, Francesco; Schubert, Sophia; Makoka, Donald |
| Abstract: | One of the main arguments for implementing public works programmes (PWPs) instead of other social protection schemes such as cash transfers is that the assets created through these programmes themselves can generate medium- to long-term benefits. This is particularly important as the costs for supervision and the construction materials can account for up to 70 per cent of programme budgets. Despite this, there is scarce empirical evidence on PWPs' effects through the "asset channel": indeed; most studies have focused solely on the traditional "wage channel". To bridge this gap, this paper examines whether and how assets created under Malawi's Climate-Smart Enhanced Public Works Programme (CS-EPWP) - a programme recently implemented by the government of Malawi and funded by the World Bank - strengthen the resilience of households to climate shocks such as droughts and floods. The paper relies on case study analysis using primary qualitative data based on focus group discussions and key informant interviews with different stakeholders at the national, district and community levels. Interviews were conducted during fieldwork in September 2024 in two southern districts of Malawi highly affected by climate change. The analysis is complemented by site visits and quantitative survey data on asset quality. By combining these methods, we find that the CS-EPWP generates durable, community-maintained assets, which in turn enhance households' capacity to cope with and adapt to climate shocks. In particular, land-based assets provide multiple benefits for both households and communities, while forest-based interventions are expected to generate similar long-term gains, though further research is needed to confirm their (long-term) impacts. To maximise the impact of climate-smart public works programmes, policymakers and donors should align asset creation with climate objectives and adopt participatory approaches to ensure their relevance, maintenance and long-term sustainability. |
| Keywords: | public works programmes, climate resilience, social protection, climate adaptation, Malawi |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:339591 |
| By: | Ertian Chen; Lichao Chen; Lars Nesheim |
| Abstract: | The European Union Emissions Trading System is set to substantially increase the effective carbon price faced by airlines. To quantify the impact of this carbon regulation on the European airline industry, we estimate a two-stage model of airline competition with endogenous route entry, flight frequencies, and pricing using European data on market shares and prices. Counterfactual simulations reveal that the impacts of carbon pricing are highly asymmetric across carrier types and market segments. Consumer surplus declines by up to 25% overall, with medium-haul markets bearing the brunt at up to 90%, while short-haul markets experience positive net welfare gains (including carbon revenue and the social value of avoided emissions) as airlines reallocate capacity toward shorter routes. We find that airline profits decline by 8–45% across scenarios, while carbon tax revenue of $0.9–3.1 billion and a social value of avoided CO2 emissions of $0.5–1.4 billion partially offset the welfare losses. We also show that a hypothetical Wizz Air–Ryanair merger primarily benefits firm profits through network expansion synergies. |
| Date: | 2026–03–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:azt:cemmap:04/26 |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Damien Guimond (INRAE Transfert); Emmanuelle Lagendijk (INRAE Transfert); Maurine Mamès (UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Angela Baker (INRAE Transfert); Hugo de Vries (UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates critical success factors for managing multi‐actor research partnerships for sustainable food systems along their lifecycle. Such partnerships coordinate both internal activities and manage externally funded projects. Drawing on evidence from case studies and workshops with diverse experts, the study identifies critical success factors for distinguishable development and operational phases, core pillars, and management categories for supported research projects. Guiding principles like adaptability, trust, transparency, consensus, and proactiveness are essential for ensuring inclusiveness and sustainability‐orientation. Additionally, successful partnership management depends on key performance indicators, in critical success factor represented areas, for continuous coordination and management, monitoring and reporting, and coherent communication, dissemination, and exploitation. Based on these unique expert‐driven insights, a novel conceptual Modus Operandi framework is developed, contributing to knowledge on research partnership management. Once validated in different contexts, this framework can support project managers and policymakers in effectively managing and guiding food system research partnerships. |
| Keywords: | sustainable food systems, research partnerships, modus operandi framework, key performance indicators, critical success factors, collective intelligence guiding principles |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05557438 |
| By: | Karlee Cook; Dennis Guignet; Robin R. Jenkins; Margaret Sugg |
| Abstract: | A key objective of the environmental justice movement is to identify and address situations where environmental risks and harms are shouldered disproportionately by historically underserved populations, often based on race, ethnicity, and low-income status. This study examines a unique dataset of chemical facilities that use extremely hazardous substances and subsequent chemical accidents involving fires, explosions, and/or toxic vapors. Using nationwide data on the U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyÕs Risk Management Plan (RMP) program, we examine the proportions of underserved populations living near these facilities both before and after a chemical accident. We find that the proportions of residents who are Black, Hispanic, Asian, and living in poverty are substantially greater in communities near these facilities. Such inequities are exacerbated after a chemical accident occurs, with the results suggesting that the proportion of Black individuals in these fenceline communities is almost triple that compared to the rest of the U.S.; and the proportion of households living in poverty is over 45% higher. Key Words: accident, chemical, environmental justice, equity, toxic, Risk Management Plan, RMP |
| JEL: | D63 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:26-04 |
| By: | Ertian Chen; Lichao Chen; Lars Nesheim |
| Abstract: | The European Union Emissions Trading System is set to substantially increase the effective carbon price faced by airlines. To quantify the impact of this carbon regulation on the European airline industry, we estimate a two-stage model of airline competition with endogenous route entry, flight frequencies, and pricing using European data on market shares and prices. Counterfactual simulations reveal that the impacts of carbon pricing are highly asymmetric across carrier types and market segments. Consumer surplus declines by up to 25% overall, with medium-haul markets bearing the brunt at up to 90%, while short-haul markets experience positive net welfare gains (including carbon revenue and the social value of avoided emissions) as airlines reallocate capacity toward shorter routes. We find that airline profits decline by 8-45% across scenarios, while carbon tax revenue of $0.9-3.1 billion and a social value of avoided CO2 emissions of $0.5-1.4 billion partially offset the welfare losses. We also show that a hypothetical Wizz Air-Ryanair merger primarily benefits firm profits through network expansion synergies. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.27724 |
| By: | Eléna Manfrini (BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UA - Université des Antilles, ESE - Ecologie, Société et Evolution (ex-Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Franck Courchamp (BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UA - Université des Antilles); Boris Leroy (ESE - Ecologie, Société et Evolution (ex-Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Åsa Berggren (SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences = Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet) |
| Abstract: | Insect farming is rapidly emerging as a sustainable alternative to conventional livestock, praised for its lower environmental impact and potential to enhance food system resilience. Yet, the ecological risks of large‐scale insect cultivation remain underexamined—especially the threat of biological invasions following unintentional escapes. This synthesis examines current knowledge of invasion pathways from both terrestrial and aquatic farming systems, drawing on the well‐documented case of aquaculture to identify lessons for the insect farming sector. We highlight shared risk factors across sectors, including the widespread farming of species with invasive traits, production outside native ranges and insufficient management frameworks. Aquaculture of crustaceans, as a close taxonomic and ecological analogue, illustrates how poorly managed industrial growth can result in significant ecological and economic costs. Policy implications : We argue that preemptive risk assessments, species screening and transferable, adaptive regulatory frameworks developed for aquaculture offer a critical foundation for safeguarding against insect‐driven invasions. Proactive governance that embeds these safeguards before large‐scale expansion offers a rare opportunity to prevent invasion outcomes observed in other farmed taxa and to guide the insect farming sector towards genuinely sustainable growth. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog . |
| Keywords: | policies, prevention, sustainable farming, sustainable food production, management, insect farming, biological invasions, aquaculture |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05555164 |
| By: | Elmahdi Tcham (EMAPES - Laboratoire de recherche en Management de la Performance des Organisations Publiques, Privées et de l'Economie Sociale); Malika Souaf (EMAPES - Laboratoire de recherche en Management de la Performance des Organisations Publiques, Privées et de l'Economie Sociale); Youssef El Wazani (MIRA - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management, Innovation et Recherche Appliquée - Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]) |
| Abstract: | Abstract : This article examines perceptions, practices, and transitional challenges associated with sustainable performance in Moroccan chartered accountancy firms, which remain underexplored in emerging economies. Based on an exploratory qualitative methodology with sixteen semi-structured interviews, analyzed through an inductive thematic approach (Braun & Clarke, 2006) using NVivo software, the study identifies three dimensions of sustainable performance: first, an emphasis on business continuity and human capital, a gradual transition towards socially and organizationally sustainable practices, and the presence of structural obstacles that cannot be easily overcome. Social factors, such as the concept of continuous professional growth, enhanced working conditions, and alignment with the expectations of younger professionals, are identified as key priorities, whereas environmental elements remain marginal due to limited regulatory enforcement and insufficient client demand. The generational transition within the profession acts as a driver of change, promoting increased awareness of ethical responsibilities and sustainability. The article suggests several directions for future research. The article proposes cross-country and quantitative research aimed at evaluating the diffusion of sustainable practices and their impact. As a contribution to management research, this study identifies strategic levers for differentiation, such as the development of high-value-added services in non-financial reporting and sustainability consulting. It enriches the literature on sustainable performance within regulated professional services by emphasizing that the integration of sustainability should be both context-sensitive and dynamic, particularly in transforming institutional and economic settings. Résumé : Cet article analyse les perceptions, les pratiques et les défis de transition liés à la performance durable au sein des cabinets d'expertise comptable marocains, un sujet peu étudié dans les économies émergentes. Fondée sur une méthodologie qualitative exploratoire reposant sur seize entretiens semi-directifs, analysés selon une approche thématique inductive (Braun & Clarke, 2006) à l'aide du logiciel NVivo, l'étude met en évidence trois dimensions majeures de la performance durable : l'importance accordée à la continuité de l'activité et au capital humain, une transition progressive vers des pratiques socialement responsables, et l'existence d'obstacles structurels difficiles à surmonter.Les facteurs sociaux, tels que le développement professionnel continu, l'amélioration des conditions de travail et l'alignement avec les attentes des jeunes générations, apparaissent comme des priorités centrales, tandis que la dimension environnementale demeure marginale, en raison d'une réglementation peu contraignante et d'une demande encore limitée. La transition générationnelle qui traverse la profession agit comme un levier de changement, favorisant une prise de conscience accrue des responsabilités éthiques et des enjeux de durabilité. L'article ouvre également plusieurs pistes de recherche, notamment des études comparatives et quantitatives visant à mesurer la diffusion des pratiques durables et leurs effets.Sur le plan théorique, cette étude met en lumière des leviers stratégiques de différenciation, tels que le développement de services à forte valeur ajoutée dans le reporting extra-financier et le conseil en durabilité. Elle enrichit la littérature sur la performance durable dans les professions réglementées en soulignant que l'intégration des principes de durabilité doit rester à la fois contextualisée et évolutive, en particulier dans des environnements institutionnels et économiques en transformation. |
| Abstract: | Résumé : Cet article analyse les perceptions, les pratiques et les défis de transition liés à la performance durable au sein des cabinets d'expertise comptable marocains, un sujet peu étudié dans les économies émergentes. Fondée sur une méthodologie qualitative exploratoire reposant sur seize entretiens semi-directifs, analysés selon une approche thématique inductive (Braun & Clarke, 2006) à l'aide du logiciel NVivo, l'étude met en évidence trois dimensions majeures de la performance durable : l'importance accordée à la continuité de l'activité et au capital humain, une transition progressive vers des pratiques socialement responsables, et l'existence d'obstacles structurels difficiles à surmonter. Les facteurs sociaux, tels que le développement professionnel continu, l'amélioration des conditions de travail et l'alignement avec les attentes des jeunes générations, apparaissent comme des priorités centrales, tandis que la dimension environnementale demeure marginale, en raison d'une réglementation peu contraignante et d'une demande encore limitée. La transition générationnelle qui traverse la profession agit comme un levier de changement, favorisant une prise de conscience accrue des responsabilités éthiques et des enjeux de durabilité. L'article ouvre également plusieurs pistes de recherche, notamment des études comparatives et quantitatives visant à mesurer la diffusion des pratiques durables et leurs effets. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude met en lumière des leviers stratégiques de différenciation, tels que le développement de services à forte valeur ajoutée dans le reporting extra-financier et le conseil en durabilité. Elle enrichit la littérature sur la performance durable dans les professions réglementées en soulignant que l'intégration des principes de durabilité doit rester à la fois contextualisée et évolutive, en particulier dans des environnements institutionnels et économiques en transformation. |
| Keywords: | chartered accountancy, emerging economy, social responsibility, professional transformation, Sustainable performance, Performance durable, expertise comptable, économie émergente, responsabilité sociale, transformation professionnelle |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05546352 |
| By: | Centorrino, Samuele (International Monetary Fund, USA); Massetti, Emanuele (International Monetary Fund, USA); Mohaddes, Kamiar (University of Cambridge); Raissi, Mehdi (University of Cambridge); Yang, Jui-Chung (Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how increasing temperatures have affected the economies of 195 countries between 1960 and 2022, focusing on income losses caused by gradual shifts to new climate conditions. We contribute to the expanding literature on climate macroeconomic linkages by developing a dynamic heterogeneous panel model that distinguishes between the long-term and short term effects, accounts for adaptation through rolling climate norms, and addresses key econometric challenges including non stationarity, cross-country heterogeneity, and unobserved global factors. Our findings reveal that a sustained 0.01°C annual increase in temperatures above historical climate norms reduces global GDP per capita growth by 0.05 percentage points per year, with income losses accumulating as long as temperatures keep increasing. This effect is 70% larger than what would be estimated under a homogeneous panel specification. Contrary to much of the existing literature, no country appears immune to the impacts of rising temperatures: middle- and high-income nations, as well as those in temperate or cold, and hot climate zones, all exhibit persistent (though not permanent) growth slowdowns, with income losses linked to how quickly they adapt. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, growth, adaptation, dynamic heterogeneous panels, cross-section dependence |
| JEL: | C23 O40 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2026-07 |
| By: | Frank Simmen; Bernd Süssmuth |
| Abstract: | We show that particulate matter pollution is lower in advanced economies where political parties favor homeownership. We rationalize this with a simple model featuring a polluting industry and owner-occupiers who push to restrict undesirable land uses. Pollution declines when homeowners have enough political power to enforce their preferences. We test this using data from German planning regions (2002–2014). Exploiting World War II area bombing as an instrument for homeownership - via its long-run effects on tenure patterns - we provide evidence suggesting a causal link between higher homeownership rates and lower air pollution. |
| Keywords: | homeownership, pollution, particulate matter, not-in-my-backyard |
| JEL: | Q53 R53 R38 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12581 |
| By: | Valentin Guye (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Patrick Meyfroidt (ELI - Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Erasmus Zu Ermgassen (ELI - Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain) |
| Abstract: | To address environmental and human rights issues in global commodity supply chains, governments increasingly require information from companies on their sourcing, as part of due-diligence regulations (DDRs). This shift towards accountability to the regulator rather than to the public calls into question the role left for public transparency. In this perspective piece, we argue that public transparency is actually complementary to DDRs-addressing their incomplete coverage of global supply chains and sustainability issues-and corrective to DDRs-mitigating their undesirable side effects. We illustrate these points with data on West African cocoa supply chains. Public transparency thus remains crucial for supply chain sustainability governance in a DDR era, and we encourage stakeholders to keep demanding its improvement. |
| Keywords: | supply chain, sustainability, smallholder, reporting, market exclusion, global value chain, foreign corporate governance, disclosure, deforestation, cocoa |
| Date: | 2026–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05562655 |
| By: | Sylvie Lemmet (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | The current architecture of international climate finance, based on the differentiation inherited from Rio (1992), has become economically obsolete, politically fragile and financially unsustainable. Without an update of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, the multilateral climate regime risks lasting weakening, to the detriment of the poorest countries and the current main contributors, which are mainly European. |
| Keywords: | International architecture of development finance, Climate change, Development financing |
| Date: | 2026–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05503692 |
| By: | André de Palma; Nathalie Picard; Filippo Amadio |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse la recomposition des systèmes de mobilité à l’ère des contraintes climatiques en articulant choix modal, équipement automobile et organisation territoriale. Il montre que le report modal est largement conditionné par les trajectoires de possession de véhicule, caractérisées par une forte inertie, et ne peut être compris indépendamment des structures urbaines. La transition vers le véhicule électrique transforme la motorisation sans réduire mécaniquement la dépendance automobile, tandis que les SERM constituent un levier central dans les zones denses. Dans les zones peu denses, les véhicules autonomes offrent des opportunités, mais comportent des risques d’effet rebond. L’article plaide pour une approche systémique intégrant instruments économiques, démographie, changement de préférences, innovations et aménagement du territoire afin d’atteindre des objectifs climatiques, d’efficacité et de bien-être social. |
| Keywords: | Choix modal ; équipement automobile ; externalités ; changement climatique ; véhicules autonomes ; véhicules électriques ; SERM ; mobilité urbaine ; zones peu denses ; structure urbaine ; congestion ; bien-être social. |
| JEL: | R41 R42 R48 R52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2026-12 |
| By: | Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Whitlock, Zach (Resources for the Future); Kaiser, Brooks; Sølvsten, Simon |
| Abstract: | Escalating climate-related catastrophe losses are placing increasing strain on private insurance markets, raising concerns about the long-term insurability of natural hazards. This paper describes the evolving roles of private and public institutions in sustaining catastrophe risk transfer. We first examine private catastrophe risk transfer mechanisms and discuss how rising loss volatility and modeling uncertainty are constraining private market capacity. We then compare catastrophe insurance arrangements across 13 countries and US states, identifying four institutional regimes that differ in the extent and form of government involvement. Across these regimes, we analyze the economic logic underlying public sector involvement, with particular emphasis on its roles in expanding risk pooling and enabling cross-subsidization to sustain insurance markets. We also discuss complementary policies that improve data availability and promote risk mitigation. Our analysis provides a framework for understanding how public-private arrangements can sustain insurance availability and enhance financial resilience under worsening climate risk. |
| Date: | 2026–03–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-26-06 |
| By: | Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu; Joseph Feyertag; Heinrich Bohlmann; Jessika Bohlmann |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the implications of physical climate change risks for South Africas labour market and the resulting challenges for fiscal and monetary policymakers. |
| Date: | 2026–03–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11101 |
| By: | Roeckert, Julian; Mogge, Lukas; Fluhrer, Svenja; Krähnert, Kati |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether receiving anticipatory cash transfers during an extreme winter affects households' demand for index-based livestock insurance. We exploit a randomized field experiment conducted during the 2020/21 winter disaster in western Mongolia and combine household panel survey data with administrative insurance records. We do not find evidence of charity hazard: the estimated effect of anticipatory cash transfers on insurance uptake is small and statistically indistinguishable from zero. The 95% confidence interval rules out large crowding-out effects but remains consistent with small negative effects of up to 2 percentage points. Treatment effects are heterogeneous: among households with prior insurance experience, estimated effects are positive and statistically significant, while effects among previously uninsured households are statistically indistinguishable from zero. These findings suggest that, in contexts where assistance is incomplete and index insurance is well-established, anticipatory assistance does not need to undermine insurance demand. |
| Abstract: | Diese Studie untersucht, ob der Erhalt antizipativer Geldtransfers während eines extremen Winters die Nachfrage von Haushalten nach indexbasierter Viehversicherung beeinflusst. Hierfür nutzen wir ein randomisiertes Feldexperiment, das während der Winterkatastrophe 2020/21 in der Westmongolei durchgeführt wurde, und kombinieren Paneldaten aus Haushaltsbefragungen mit administrativen Versicherungsdaten. Wir finden keine Hinweise auf "Charity Hazard": Der geschätzte Effekt antizipativer Geldtransfers auf den Abschluss von Versicherungen ist gering und statistisch nicht von null zu unterscheiden. Das 95%-Konfidenzintervall schließt große Verdrängungseffekte aus, bleibt jedoch mit kleinen negativen Effekten von bis zu 2 Prozentpunkten vereinbar. Die Effekte der Geldtransfers sind heterogen: Unter Haushalten mit vorheriger Versicherungserfahrung sind die geschätzten Effekte positiv und statistisch signifikant, während die Effekte bei zuvor nicht versicherten Haushalten statistisch nicht von null zu unterscheiden sind. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in Kontexten, in denen Unterstützung unvollständig ist und indexbasierte Versicherungen bereits etabliert sind, antizipative Hilfe die Nachfrage nach Versicherungen nicht reduzieren muss. |
| Keywords: | Anticipatory humanitarian assistance, extreme weather events, impact evaluation, index-based insurance, randomized controlled trial, Mongolia |
| JEL: | G22 H84 Q12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:339615 |
| By: | Andres Alonso-Robisco; Carlos Esparcia; Francisco Jare\~no |
| Abstract: | Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to write and refactor research code, expanding computational workflows. At the same time, Green AI research has largely measured the footprint of models rather than the downstream workflows in which GenAI is a tool. We shift the unit of analysis from models to workflows and treat prompts as decision policies that allocate discretion between researcher and system, governing what is executed and when iteration stops. We contribute in two ways. First, we map the recent Green AI literature into seven themes: training footprint is the largest cluster, while inference efficiency and system level optimisation are growing rapidly, alongside measurement protocols, green algorithms, governance, and security and efficiency trade-offs. Second, we benchmark a modern economic survey workflow, an LDA-based literature mapping implemented with GenAI assisted coding and executed in a fixed cloud notebook, measuring runtime and estimated CO2e with CodeCarbon. Injecting generic green language into prompts has no reliable effect, whereas operational constraints and decision rule prompts deliver large and stable footprint reductions while preserving decision equivalent topic outputs. The results identify human in the loop governance as a practical lever to align GenAI productivity with environmental efficiency. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.26712 |
| By: | Cyrian Hallermeyer (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, EDF R&D); Pascal da Costa (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay); Frederic Lantz (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School); Caroline Bono (EDF R&D); André Nekrasov (EDF R&D) |
| Abstract: | The decarbonization of the space-heating sector is a critical element in the global effort to transition to low-carbon energy systems. District heating (DH) systems are recognized as an effective way to combine low-carbon sources to provide heat for residential and tertiary sector buildings. As a proven technology for decarbonized electricity generation and with experience in coupling with DH networks, the hybridization of nuclear plants appears to be a promising technology to contribute to the low-carbon mix for space heating. However, considering the substantial investment required for this technology and the development of alternative low-carbon sources, such as biomass and large-scale heat pumps, the role of nuclear cogeneration in DH systems must be critically evaluated. This paper aims to identify key factors influencing the optimal transition pathways to low-carbon DH systems with the potential to include nuclear cogeneration plants. We seek to understand the advantages of nuclear cogeneration in a local context compared to alternative low-carbon heat production technologies. This paper contributes to the literature on the use of nuclear cogeneration for district heating. It conducts a comprehensive study of economic scenarios for optimal decarbonization of district heating networks, and includes heat transport aspects in the modeling and economic evaluation. |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05546335 |
| By: | Emre Akusta |
| Abstract: | This study analyses the potential of renewable energy to reduce inflationary pressures arising from energy imports in Turkiye. Annual data for the period 1980-2022 are used in the analysis. In this study, unit root properties are examined using the Zivot-Andrews and Lee-Strazicich tests, both of which explicitly account for structural breaks. Cointegration is investigated via the Johansen and Hatemi-J cointegration tests. Long-run coefficients are subsequently estimated using the DOLS and FMOLS estimators. The robustness of the empirical findings is further assessed using the ARDL approach. In addition, an interaction term is constructed to measure the impact of renewable energy in alleviating inflationary pressures arising from energy imports. The results show that energy imports and exchange rate have an increasing impact on inflation, while renewable energy and the interaction term have a decreasing impact. DOLS, FMOLS, and ARDL results support each other. Moreover, in both models, the impact of renewable energy in mitigating inflationary pressures stemming from energy imports is stronger than the direct disinflationary impact of renewable energy. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.21815 |
| By: | Bell, Peter |
| Abstract: | Governments around the world increasingly acquire, rescue, or inherit capital-intensive projects that private actors are unable or unwilling to complete, operate, or remediate. These interventions are often framed as exceptional policy failures or discretionary rescues. This paper argues instead that such outcomes reflect a structural feature of capital-intensive projects: long-lived obligations associated with environmental risk, site-specific assets, and public safety cannot be extinguished through market exit alone. Building on the concept of forward-looking project valuation, the paper develops a complementary institutional framework that focuses on the costs and constraints of state operation after private exit has occurred. The analysis shifts attention from project-level profitability to institutional capacity, emphasizing that state ownership entails the assumption of complex operational, regulatory, and governance responsibilities that generate real economic costs over time. These institutional costs are endogenous, state-contingent, and often amplified under conditions of deep uncertainty and project failure. Using stylized examples drawn from resource extraction, infrastructure, and environmental remediation, the paper shows how projects may transition from productive assets to pure liabilities, and why governments frequently become residual claimants by necessity rather than by choice. The framework highlights the intergenerational consequences of deferred remediation and underinvestment in institutional capacity, and reframes state intervention as a response to persistent project-level obligations rather than as an ideological departure from market governance. The contribution of the paper is conceptual rather than prescriptive. It does not propose optimal ownership structures or regulatory instruments. Instead, it provides a structured way to analyze the economic significance of institutional capacity when governments assume responsibility for capital-intensive projects whose liabilities outlive private profitability. |
| Keywords: | State intervention, Institutional capacity, Capital-intensive projects, Project failure, Environmental remediation, State-owned enterprises, Long-tail risk, Intergenerational equity, Infrastructure governance, Resource extraction |
| JEL: | D23 H11 H54 L32 Q38 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127844 |
| By: | Anne-Jo van Riel (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Ollie van Hal (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Marit A. J. Nederlof (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Killian Thibaud Chary (UMR ISEM - Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); B. van Selm (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); J.J. Poos (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Geert F. Wiegertjes (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Imke J. M. de Boer (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]) |
| Abstract: | Aquaculture likely plays an important role in future diets, yet the potential of aquaculture to upcycle biomass and supply nutrients in circular food systems remains largely unstudied. Under the circularity paradigm, animal production is constrained by the availability of so called low-opportunity-cost feed (LCF). Aquaculture species differ in their ability to convert LCF into food, and the implication for nutrient supply in food systems are unclear. In this paper we explore the specific role of aquaculture to upcycle LCF into valuable food for humans in Europe using the resource allocation model FEEDSOM (FEED Systems Optimization Model). We provide insight into what nutrients aquaculture can supply to the human diet, how much aquatic food can be produced when animals are fed exclusively with LCF, and what LCF can be recycled into fish feed. We selected Atlantic salmon, European seabass and common carp, produced in multiple productivity levels, to represent European aquaculture. Carnivorous aquaculture species can play an important role in circular food systems by upcycling eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) from fisheries by-products. However, their dependence on fisheries by-products to supply EPA/DHA also limits their capacity to expand. Omnivorous aquaculture species do not rely on fisheries to supply EPA/DHA, but their overall contribution to EPA/DHA supply is relatively low. We found that under current aquaculture production and consumption in Europe, we cannot supply enough EPA/DHA for the European population. To reduce the nutrient gap of EPA/DHA, we can either increase aquaculture or eat more edible parts of the fish (both fish from aquaculture and fisheries). However, expanding aquaculture should not be the priority, as this requires more LCF, production area, and puts pressure on the environment. Eating more edible parts of the fish can provide enough nutrients, including EPA/DHA, to meet the demand of the European population and help feed an additional 118 million people outside Europe. |
| Keywords: | Low-opportunity costs feed, Omega fatty acids, By-products, Feed-food competition, Sustainability, Aquatic food, régime alimentaire, alimentation des poissons, systèmes alimentaires, carpe, alimentation des animaux, production de l'aquaculture, aliment aquacole, saumon atlantique, sous-produit de pêche, alimentation humaine, aquaculture, Europe, sous-produit |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05563982 |
| By: | Raschke, Jennifer; Schubart, Constantin |
| Abstract: | As the global energy transition accelerates, the renewable energy sector has emerged as a showplace for geopolitical competition. Amid intensifying geopolitical uncertainty, e.g. the trade frictions between the EU and China, European firms face the challenge of balancing cost efficiency with strategic sovereignty. This thesis therefore investigates how current trade tensions between the EU and China impact the supply chain strategies of German companies in the photovoltaics, wind, and battery sectors. Methodologically, the study combines a qualitative literature analysis with four semi-structured expert interviews with representatives from academia and policy think tanks. Based on a deductive-inductive coding approach, it identifies seven core risk categories and ten strategic response patterns. The findings reveal that the primary threat lies not in potential tariff or non-tariff trade barriers, but in a deep-seated, asymmetric dependence on China for critical raw materials and technological components. Consequently, while a full decoupling is deemed impractical, the research advocates for a robust de-risking framework centered on diversification of sourcing and production locations, nearshoring and friend-shoring, strategic partnerships with third countries, investments in technological innovation and circular economy approaches, complementary inventory strategies, and selective engagement with China. Ultimately, these strategies represent a shift toward more resilient governance structures, providing a roadmap for policymakers and executives to secure Europe's energy infrastructure within an era of systemic rivalry. |
| Keywords: | Geoeconomics, Supply Chain Resilience, EU-China Trade Relations, Renewable Energy Industry, Derisking, Strategic Sovereignty |
| JEL: | F Q |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iubhbm:339586 |
| By: | Sehara, Arusi (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | This thesis studies the economic coordination barriers that constrain the decarbonisation of maritime transport. Ships powered by alternative fuels lack refuelling infrastructure, creating a coordination failure that locks the sector into carbon dependence. We develop a spatial framework integrating a constrained optimisation problem with global vessel movement data to quantify the minimum infrastructure required to sustain existing trade flows under alternative-fuel adoption. Using AIS observations, tanker and cargo movements are reconstructed into directed networks, each coarsened into roughly 100 high-traffic hubs, and subsequently merged into a unified network for optimisation. The model is solved under two rollout strategies: an optimal rollout, which minimises infrastructure at each adoption level, and a monotone rollout, which captures the irreversibility of infrastructure investments by enforcing cumulative path dependence. Results show (1) geographically uneven adoption, with the earliest hub activations concentrated in East Asia and later entry elsewhere ; (2) cargo vessels transition to alternative fuels earlier than tankers ; and (3) outcomes are consistent across rollout strategies |
| Keywords: | Maritime decarbonisation ; Alternative fuels ; Infrastructure planning ; Network optimisation ; Coordination failure ; Spatial economics. JEL classifications: Q54 ; Q55 ; L91 ; R42 ; Q42 ; C61 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:wrkesp:96 |
| By: | Simon Finster; Bernhard Kasberger; Simon R\"utten |
| Abstract: | In European day-ahead electricity markets, carbon allowance costs passed through by marginal fossil plants raise consumer expenditure and generate inframarginal rents for non-emitting generators. We propose a settlement modification: when the zonal day-ahead price exceeds a threshold, non-emitting generation is remunerated at the clearing price minus a fixed CO2 proxy deduction, while all other units continue to receive the uniform price. The mechanism thus reallocates a part of the inframarginal rents to consumers. Using hourly data we estimate static average expenditure reductions of about 8.5% in Austria and 4.7% in Germany in 2025. We discuss bidding incentives around the threshold, interactions with Contracts for Difference, implementation in coupled bidding zones, and a gas-cost variant for the 2022 energy crisis. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.25874 |
| By: | Thomas Klitgaard |
| Abstract: | China has spent considerable government resources to develop advanced electric technology industries, such as those that produce electric vehicles, lithium batteries, and solar panels. These efforts have spilled over to international trade as improvements in price and quality have increased the global demand for these goods. One consequence is that passenger cars and batteries have been disproportionately large contributors to the rise in the country’s trade surplus in recent years. This has not been the case, though, for solar panels, as falling prices due to a supply glut pulled down export revenues despite higher volumes. |
| Keywords: | China; exports; green technology; electric vehicles; solar panels; lithium batteries; industrial policy; electrification |
| JEL: | F1 O3 |
| Date: | 2026–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:102920 |
| By: | Hippolyte Cédiey (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Laure Baratgin (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Quentin Bustarret (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Nilam de Oliveira-Gill (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Quentin Perrier (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Célia Escribe (CMAP - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées de l'Ecole polytechnique - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Thomas Letz (Association Négawatt); Thierry Salomon (Association Négawatt); Behrang Shirizadeh (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | We present the latest version of the open-source energy system optimisation model Eoles and use it to study whether the energy mix of the négaWatt 2022 scenario manages to meet demand for 2050 in France, for 19 weather-years. We find that even without recourse to interconnections, electricity demand only exceeds production for 3 to 4 hours a year on average, which is only just above the fault criteria of the French Energy Code. To prevent all hours of failure and fulfill reserves requirements, an additional 13.8~GW of dispatchable technologies is required, which corresponds to a 39\% increase compared to the négaWatt scenario. We then study the addition of three disptachable technologies: methane turbines, hydrogen turbines and batteries, that are all close in terms of total system cost. Moreover, electricity balance can be achieved even if the rooftop photovoltaic capacity is reduced compared to the négaWatt scenario. The associated gain (€3.4~bn./year) is higher than the additional cost of the dispatchable capacity mentioned above (around €1~bn./year). |
| Abstract: | Nous présentons la dernière version du modèle d'optimisation du système énergétique open source Eoles et nous l'utilisons pour évaluer dans quelle mesure le mix énergétique du scénario négaWatt 2022 peut satisfaire la demande d'énergie en France à l'horizon 2050, pour 19 années météorologiques. Nous obtenons que même sans recours aux interconnexions, la demande d'électricité n'excède la production que 3 à 4 heures par an en moyenne, ce qui ne dépasse que de très peu les critères de défaillance du Code de l'énergie. Pour éliminer toute heure de défaillance et assurer les besoins de réserves, une puissance supplémentaire de technologies pilotables de 13, 8 GW est nécessaire, soit une augmentation de 39 % par rapport au scénario négaWatt. Nous étudions l'ajout de trois technologies pilotables : turbines à gaz (méthane ou hydrogène) et batteries, qui sont toutes proches en termes de coût total du système énergétique. Par ailleurs, l'équilibre électrique peut être atteint même en réduisant la capacité photovoltaïque sur toitures par rapport au scénario négaWatt. Le gain associé (3, 4 Md€/an) est plus élevé que le surcoût entraîné par les capacités pilotables mentionnées ci-dessus (environ 1 Md€/an). |
| Keywords: | scénario énergétique, énergies renouvelables, système énergétique |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05535429 |
| By: | Nikolaos Partarakis (FORTH - Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas); Xenophon Zabulis (FORTH - Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas); Carlo Meghini (CNR | ISTI - CNR Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell’Informazione “A. Faedo” [Pisa] - CNR - National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche); Arnaud Dubois (EA 7206 - Éco-Anthropologie - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, HT2S - Histoire des technosciences en société - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]); Ines Moreno (HT2S - Histoire des technosciences en société - Cnam - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [Cnam]); Chistodoulos Ringas; Aikaterini Ziova; Danai Kaplanidi; David Arnaud (CERFAV - Centre Européen de Recherches et de Formation aux Arts Verriers); Noël Crescenzo (CERFAV - Centre Européen de Recherches et de Formation aux Arts Verriers); Patricia Hee (CERFAV - Centre Européen de Recherches et de Formation aux Arts Verriers); Juan José Ortega; Josefina Garrido; Marie-Adelaide Benvenuti; Jelena Krivokapic |
| Abstract: | This publication highlights the strategic combination of the preservation of heritage and innovation for supporting the sustainability of traditional crafts in Europe. Demonstrating both challenges and opportunities faced by artisans, there is a need to balance cultural authenticity and the pressures of current markets and environmental imperatives. The research has explored interventions at three levels of craft practice, education, and training and recommends practical directions on short-and long-term bases. Key findings include new materials and technologies to revitalize crafts, the integration of digital tools in education, and cross-border collaboration, which are considered vital for enhancing the visibility and viability of traditional crafts. The circular economy principles and eco-certifications emerge as key to aligning traditional crafts with global sustainability goals. The analysis also highlights cultural policies and funding mechanisms as a means of encouraging innovation and promoting the resilience of the craft sector. The publication, by weaving together case studies, policy analysis, and strategic recommendations, provides a comprehensive roadmap for stakeholders-from artisans and educators to policymakers and researchers-to ensure that the legacy and relevance of Europe's rich craft heritage continue. |
| Keywords: | artisan empowerment, craft entrepreneurship, cultural preservation, circular economy, European policy, education and training, digital tools, innovation, sustainability, cultural heritage, traditional crafts |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05544251 |
| By: | Mazarine Wairy Dupuich (COMIN [Cerege] - Culture, cOnsommation, Médiations, Image et Numérique [Équipe du Cerege] - CEREGE [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche en gestion [UR 13564] - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers, CEREGE [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche en gestion [UR 13564] - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers, MPT [Cerege] - Management Public et Territoires [Équipe du Cerege] - CEREGE [Poitiers] - Centre de recherche en gestion [UR 13564] - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers, UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers); Nicolas Sartore (University of Wisconsin-Madison) |
| Keywords: | Développement durable, RSE, Sobriété hydrique, La Roche-Posay, L’Oréal, Industrie cosmétique, Aquifère, Thermalisme |
| Date: | 2025–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05549777 |
| By: | Dimitar Sabev (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Economic Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | This article argues that growth is not always a path to greater happiness - based on data from 134 countries grouped into 6 regions, the analysis identified three major patterns in the relationship between economic growth and subjective wellbeing. In the Global North, there is a significant negative association – that is, higher growth impedes the population’s wellbeing. For the emerging economies in Asia and Latin America, the link is positive: higher economic growth promotes happiness. Finally, for a broad group of countries in Africa and the Middle East, as well as in the Eurasia region, there is no clear statistical association between growth and happiness, assumedly because of their statist and resource-based economic structure. The general conclusion confirms the existence of the Easterlin Paradox on an international level, which might be explained by two main factors: the higher marginal social and environmental costs of growth beyond a certain threshold, and the need for institutions to provide equitable distribution of the surplus output. The main policy implication of this finding is that “more growth†is an improper development prescription for both the richest and the poorest nations. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; subjective wellbeing; post-growth; Easterlin Paradox; institutions |
| JEL: | O43 O47 I31 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sko:wpaper:bep-2026-02 |
| By: | Lippert, Barbara (Ed.); Mair, Stefan (Ed.) |
| Abstract: | The Pax Americana, which guaranteed the security of Germany and Europe after the Second World War, is coming to an end. Europe can no longer rely on its alliance and partnership with the United States. Even before Donald Trump's second presidency, Europe was seeking to reduce its dependency on Washington for peace, democracy and prosperity. This cannot be achieved overnight, and will require a significant increase in material resources and strategic thinking over the next five to ten years. The fourteen contributions to this SWP Research Paper show how different the starting conditions for developing transition strategies are, depending on the policy area and challenges. Europe needs to consider all the options: with, without or even against Washington. The analyses of Europe's agency and the scope for European policy towards Russia, the Middle East and China are very wide-ranging. Trump's logic of quick deal-making and unilateralism under the banner of "MAGA" often collides fundamentally with the EU's multilateral foreign and security policy, which is bound by international law, and its commitment to sustainable peace. The keywords for the urgent reorganisation of security in Europe are: Europeanisation of NATO, strengthening Europe's own military capabilities, new leadership constellations for security policy in Europe, and resilient governance in technology and cybersecurity. Even at this geopolitical turning-point ("Zeitenwende"), the EU should continue to develop its soft power. When it comes to the crucial questions of global governance -from UN and international law to trade, climate and energy policy - Europe must find new partnerships and, if necessary, new institutional solutions without and against the United States. |
| Keywords: | Pax Americana, Germany, Europe, EU, United States, Russia, Ukraine. dependency, Russia, Middle East, China, Donald Trump, MAGA, sustainable peace, Europeanisation of NATO, strengthening Europe's own military capabilities, new leadership constellations for security policy in Europe, resilient governance in technology and cybersecurity, "Zeitenwende" |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swprps:339603 |
| By: | Adel, Niloofar; Bastianin, Andrea; Pedini, Luca; Visconti, Marta |
| Abstract: | We quantify the contribution of Venezuela’s oil sector collapse to changes in global oil market responsiveness after 2007. We extend the multi-country structural model of Baumeister and Hamilton (2024) by modeling Venezuela explicitly and constructing a counterfactual production path that abstracts from the 2007 institutional shift. This counterfactual isolates the mechanical contribution of Venezuelan supply and provides an upper bound on its impact. We document a sharp decline in global short-run supply elasticity and a more than doubling of the oil price multiplier after 2007. Decomposition results show that this increase is driven primarily by a reduction in the effective inventory-related adjustment margin, with changes in other producers’ supply elasticities accounting for most of the remainder. By contrast, Venezuela’s contribution through its production share and contemporaneous supply elasticity is small. Restoring Venezuelan output raises global supply elasticity modestly but has limited effects on price amplification. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:396389 |
| By: | Gabriel Mutombo; Christine Lusamba; Godelive Kankolongo; Pierre Tshibanda (CRSARP - Centre de Recherche Scientifique d'Adaptation des Ruminants et Porcins de LUPUTA "CRSARP"); Leon Ilunga; Israel Kalubi; Francois Kabangu; Biuma Jiji; Mukuna Gregoire; Kayembe Blanchard; Eunice Tshikwakwa |
| Abstract: | This article examines the legal responsibility imposed on livestock farmers in the Luilu territory, Lomami Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, in relation to the prevention of zoonotic diseases. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach—combining legal analysis, qualitative surveys, and participant observation—it identifies the concrete legal obligations of farmers, their lack of awareness in practice, and the persistence of informal practices. The findings highlight that the law is only partially applied on the ground, which undermines effective prevention. The study therefore underscores the necessity of strengthening responsibility through a multisectoral One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health into a unified framework. |
| Abstract: | Cet article examine la responsabilité juridique imposée aux éleveurs du territoire de Luilu, province de la Lomami, R.D. CONGO, en lien avec la prévention des zoonoses à partir d'une approche mixte (analyse juridique, enquêtes qualitatives, observation participante, Identifier les obligations légales concrète, leurs méconnaissances sur le terrain et les pratiques informelles persistantes. Il conviendrait de souligner qu'une application partielle du droit et la nécessité d'une responsabilité renforcée via une approche multisectorielle one Heath (une seule santé). |
| Keywords: | Republic Democratic of Congo, ZOONOSE |
| Date: | 2026–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05544754 |
| By: | Sylvie Lemmet (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | L'architecture actuelle du financement international du climat, fondée sur la différenciation héritée de Rio (1992), est devenue économiquement obsolète, politiquement fragile et financièrement insoutenable. Sans une refondation du principe de responsabilités communes mais différenciées, le régime climatique multilatéral risque un affaiblissement durable, au détriment des pays les plus pauvres et des principaux contributeurs actuels, essentiellement européens. |
| Keywords: | Architecture internationale du financement du développement, financement international du climat, Changement clilmatique |
| Date: | 2026–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05503665 |
| By: | Werner, Sven; Sievert, Maximiliane; Haney, Aoife Brophy; Trotter, Philipp |
| Abstract: | Start-ups are an important component of driving context-sensitive sustainable development in emerging markets based on domestic innovation. However, knowledge on how best to support the capabilities, networks and access to finance of such ventures is limited, specifically in emerging markets. In this paper, we leverage novel data from a pan-African start-up accelerator to understand whether and why accelerators are effective. Adopting an entrepreneurial ecosystem lens and conceptualizing accelerators as intermediaries within ecosystems, we test two competing views of accelerator effectiveness: substitution and complementarity. Our results provide support for a complementarity view, where the positive effects of accelerators are higher in more mature ecosystems. We contribute to the literature by drawing attention to the importance of the context within which accelerators are situated, challenging the predominant approach of substituting for missing ecosystem components in emerging markets. |
| Abstract: | Start-ups gelten als wichtiger Motor für eine kontextsensitive und nachhaltige Entwicklung in Ländern mit niedrigen und mittleren Einkommen, insbesondere wenn sie auf lokalen Innovationen beruht. Dennoch ist bislang nur begrenzt bekannt, wie sich die Fähigkeiten, Netzwerke und der Zugang zu Finanzmitteln dieser Unternehmen effektiv fördern lassen - insbesondere im Kontext von Ländern mit niedrigen und mittleren Einkommen. In diesem Beitrag nutzen wir neuartige Daten eines panafrikanischen Start-up-Accelerators, um zu untersuchen, ob und warum Accelerator-Programme wirksam sind. Aufbauend auf der Perspektive unternehmerischer Ökosysteme und der Konzeption von Accelerators als Intermediäre innerhalb dieser Ökosysteme testen wir zwei konkurrierende Erklärungsansätze für ihre Wirksamkeit: Substitution und Komplementarität. Unsere Ergebnisse stützen die Komplementaritätsperspektive, wonach die positiven Effekte von Accelerators in reiferen Ökosystemen stärker ausgeprägt sind. Damit leisten wir einen Beitrag zur Literatur, indem wir die Bedeutung des institutionellen und ökosystemischen Kontexts, in den Accelerators eingebettet sind, hervorheben. Wir hinterfragen den verbreiteten Ansatz, fehlende Ökosystemkomponenten in Schwellenländern durch isolierte Fördermaßnahmen ersetzen zu wollen. |
| Keywords: | Accelerator, start-up, entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurship support, impact assessment |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:339617 |
| By: | Kawtar Khalkallah (ENCG - École Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion d'Agadir - Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]); Oumaima Boudrar (ENCG - École Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion d'Agadir - Université Ibn Zohr = Ibn Zohr University [Agadir]); Safae Sabri (LIREFIMO, FSJES, USMBA, FES - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Économie, Finance et Management des Organisations, Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | Résumé Cet article analyse le rôle des pratiques de logistique durable dans le renforcement de la résilience des chaînes d'approvisionnement et l'amélioration de la performance globale des entreprises marocaines. En effet, le contexte post-pandémique a mis en évidence la fragilité structurelle des modèles logistiques fondés sur l'hyperspécialisation internationale, rendant cette question particulièrement pertinente pour les économies émergentes comme le Maroc, dont les chaînes d'approvisionnement restent exposées à des vulnérabilités multiples malgré un tissu industriel en plein essor. Adoptant une posture épistémologique interprétativiste et une démarche abductive, l'étude repose sur vingt entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de responsables logistiques et supply chain issus de dix-huit secteurs d'activité au Maroc. L'analyse thématique assistée par NVivo 14 a permis de constituer un corpus de 471 références codées, structurées en neuf nœuds thématiques principaux et quarante-trois sous-nœuds, avec un accord inter-codeurs satisfaisant (κ = 0, 81) et une saturation atteinte au seizième entretien. Quatre familles de pratiques émergent — approvisionnement local et circuits courts, digitalisation et traçabilité, économie circulaire, et gouvernance collaborative — contribuant chacune au renforcement de cinq dimensions de la résilience : flexibilité, agilité, robustesse, capacité d'apprentissage et visibilité. Quatre voies de transmission sont identifiées, reliant mécaniquement pratiques durables et capacités de résilience. Le concept de « résilience collaborative », construit à partir du matériau empirique, constitue l'apport théorique central de cet article. Des améliorations significatives de performance sont observées : financières pour 85 % des répondants, opérationnelles pour 80 %, et commerciales pour 70 %. Un modèle conceptuel intégrateur articulant antécédents, pratiques, résilience et performance est proposé. En conclusion, cette étude démontre empiriquement que la logistique durable constitue un levier stratégique de résilience des supply chains marocaines, générant des améliorations mesurables et positives sur la performance globale des entreprises, avec un potentiel de transférabilité vers d'autres économies émergentes africaines. Mots clés : Logistique durable · Résilience de la supply chain · Performance globale · Maroc · Analyse qualitative · NVivo · Abstract This article analyzes the role of sustainable logistics practices in strengthening supply chain resilience and improving the overall performance of Moroccan firms. Indeed, the post-pandemic context has highlighted the structural fragility of logistics models based on international hyper-specialization, making this question particularly relevant for emerging economies such as Morocco, whose supply chains remain exposed to multiple vulnerabilities despite a booming industrial fabric. Adopting an interpretivist epistemological stance and an abductive approach, the study relies on twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with logistics and supply chain managers from eighteen sectors of activity in Morocco. Thematic analysis assisted by NVivo 14 yielded a corpus of 471 coded references, structured into nine main thematic nodes and forty-three sub-nodes, with satisfactory inter-coder agreement (κ = 0.81) and saturation reached at the sixteenth interview. Four families of practices emerge — local sourcing and short circuits, digitalization and traceability, circular economy, and collaborative governance — each contributing to the reinforcement of five resilience dimensions: flexibility, agility, robustness, learning capacity, and visibility. Four transmission pathways are identified, mechanically linking sustainable practices and resilience capacities. The concept of "collaborative resilience, " constructed from the empirical material, constitutes the central theoretical contribution of this article. Significant performance improvements are observed: financial for 85% of respondents, operational for 80%, and commercial for 70%. An integrative conceptual model articulating antecedents, practices, resilience and performance is proposed. In conclusion, this study empirically demonstrates that sustainable logistics is a strategic lever for the resilience of Moroccan supply chains, generating measurable and positive improvements in the overall performance of companies, with potential for transferability to other emerging African economies. Keywords: Sustainable logistics · Supply chain resilience · Firm performance · Morocco · Qualitative research · NVivo · |
| Keywords: | Qualitative research : NVivo •, Morocco, Firm performance, Sustainable logistics • Supply chain resilience, Performance globale, Maroc • Analyse qualitative • NVivo •, Résilience de la supply chain, Logistique durable |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05552972 |
| By: | Sihem Mammar El Hadj (EGEI - Éthique et Gouvernance de l’Entreprise et des Institutions - UCO - Université Catholique de l'Ouest, GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Laura Sabbado (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ingrid Mazzilli (LEST - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Expertise has usually been analysed at the individual or at the group level, but it is a key yet understudied issue for meta-organizations. In meta-organization studies, expertise has indeed been looked at through the lens of members' diverse expertise and how this helps metaorganizations take decisions. However, what is the expertise of a meta-organization and where does it reside exactly? The very nature of meta-organizations raises specific questions about expertise implying interactions with members and non-members. In his chapter, we build on an in-depth case study of a meta-organization in the cultural sector, which has developed a specific expertise about sustainable practices. Our findings help us define metaorganizational expertise as a set of skills built through a relational process founded on on a voluntary commitment of the members that results in accumulating and disseminating knowledge. |
| Keywords: | CULTURAL SECTOR, MEMBER AND NON-MEMBER RELATIONS, META-ORGANIZATIONAL EXPERTISE |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05547394 |
| By: | Lancine Doumbouya (BCI - BALIMANA-CONSULTING AND INVESTMENT) |
| Abstract: | L'EXPLOITATION MINIÈRE RESPONSABLE : VERS UN MODÈLE INCLUSIF ET RÉGÉNÉRATIF |
| Keywords: | Économie circulaire., Gouvernance minière, Régénération environnementale, Inclusion sociale, Développement durable, Exploitation minière responsable |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05489691 |
| By: | Löw, Philipp; Brandes, Elke; Eysholdt, Max; Reuter, Tobias; Zinnbauer, Maximilian; Oltmanns, Renke; Peters, Karen; Schad, Philipp; Fechner, Holger; Jung, Stephan; Langen, Matthias; Gömann, Horst; Kalmbach, Sarah; Offenberger, Konrad; Sperger, Christian |
| Abstract: | Der verfügbare Stickstoff im Boden - der sogenannte Nmin-Wert - ist eine wichtige Größe zur Ermittlung des Düngebedarfs für Stickstoff und ist nach § 4 der Düngeverordnung bei der Düngebedarfsermittlung auf Ackerflächen verpflichtend zu berücksichtigen. Im Rahmen des Begleitarbeitskreises des Monitorings zur Wirkung der Düngeverordnung auf das Grundwasser und die Oberflächengewässer (Wirkungsmonitoring) wurde, geleitet vom Thünen-Institut und der Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen, eine Unterarbeitsgruppe "UAG-Nmin" eingerichtet, die sich mit der Bereitstellung und Vergleichbarkeit von behördlichen Richtwerten für mineralischen, pflanzenverfügbaren Stickstoff im Boden im Frühjahr (im Folgenden auch Nmin-Richtwerte) beschäftigte. Dazu wurde zunächst ein Fragebogen an die zuständigen Behörden der Bundesländer verschickt, um Informationen über die jeweils angewandten Verfahren zur Erhebung und Bereitstellung dieser Werte zu sammeln. Anschließend fand im Februar 2025 ein eintägiger Workshop im Rahmen der UAG statt. Ziel war es, die Ergebnisse zum Status quo vorzustellen, Unterschiede zwischen den Bundesländern und Herausforderungen zu diskutieren und mögliche Verbesserungsansätze zu entwickeln. Die Auswertungen zeigten deutliche Unterschiede in den Nmin-Richtwerten sowohl zwischen den Bundesländern als auch über die Jahre hinweg. Diese Schwankungen sind vor allem auf klimatische Bedingungen und Prozesse wie die Mineralisation zurückzuführen. Zusätzlich wurden systematische Abweichungen an Ländergrenzen festgestellt. Diese sind nicht allein durch Standortfaktoren, sondern auch durch unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen bei Probenahme und Bereitstellung von Richtwerten erklärbar. Die größten Unterschiede zwischen den Vorgehensweisen in den Bundesländern ergeben sich aus der zeitlichen Abstimmung der Beprobung, der Anzahl und Dichte der Proben sowie aus methodischen Details in Analytik und Berechnung, insbesondere bei der dritten Tiefenstufe (60-90 cm). Abgestimmte Beprobungszeiträume könnten die Vergleichbarkeit der Daten verbessern. Auch eine Vereinheitlichung der Beprobungsdichte und der analytischen Verfahren erscheint zielführend, um systematische Diskrepanzen zu verringern. Für die landwirtschaftliche Praxis ergeben sich daraus verschiedene Implikationen. Die unterschiedlichen Vorgehensweisen zwischen den Bundesländern erschweren die Vergleichbarkeit der (kulturspezifischen) Nmin- Richtwerte und folglich auch der Düngebedarfsermittlung. Besonders für Betriebe, deren Flächen über Landesgrenzen hinweg verteilt sind, kann dies zu stark abweichenden Ergebnissen bei der Ermittlung des Stickstoffdüngebedarfs unter Berücksichtigung von Richtwerten führen. Letztlich resultieren daraus ungleiche Wettbewerbsbedingungen sowie eine je nach Vorgehensweise potenziell weniger oder stärker restriktive Düngeregulierung und damit unterschiedliche Umweltwirkungen. Auch im Rahmen des Wirkungsmonitorings spielen Nmin-Werte eine wichtige Rolle bei der Modellierung regionaler Stickstoffbilanzen und der Stickstoffeinträge in die Gewässer. Es zeigt sich, dass Nährstoffbilanz- Modellierungen auf Datengrundlage der aktuellen Erhebungs- und Bereitstellungspraxis grundsätzlich möglich sind, allerdings würde eine stärkere Harmonisierung die Effizienz, Transparenz und Praxistauglichkeit deutlich erhöhen. Langfristig ist für das Wirkungsmonitoring vorgesehen, auf den landwirtschaftlichen Betrieben gemessene Nmin-Daten einzubeziehen, wofür jedoch rechtliche Anpassungen notwendig sind. Mit der vom Thünen-Institut entwickelten Schablone zur Bereitstellung behördlicher Nmin-Werte liegt nun erstmals ein einheitliches Format vor, das von den Ländern positiv bewertet wurde und einen wichtigen Schritt zu einer effizienteren und verlässlicheren Düngebedarfsermittlung darstellen kann. Parallel dazu bieten alternative Ansätze wie regressionsbasierte Berechnungen Potenziale, die eine Düngebedarfsermittlung vor Vegetationsbeginn ermöglichen und Zeit- sowie Kostenaufwand in der Praxis erheblich reduzieren könnten. |
| Abstract: | The mineralized nitrogen amount in the effective root zone in spring (soil mineral nitrogen, SMN) is an important parameter for determining nitrogen fertilizer requirements and must be taken into account when determining fertilizer requirements for arable land according to §4 of the Fertilizer Application Ordinance in Germany. As part of the Bund/Länder (federal-/state-level) working group of the impact monitoring on the effectiveness of the Nitrates Directive Action Program, a sub-working group "UAG-Nmin" was set up to deal with the provision and comparability of official reference values for mineral, plant-available nitrogen in the soil (SMN values), led by the Thünen Institute and the Chamber of Agriculture in Lower Saxony. To this end, a questionnaire was first sent to the competent authorities of the federal states to gather information on the procedures used to collect and provide these values. Subsequently, a one-day workshop was held in February 2025 as part of the UAG. The aim was to present the results on the status quo, discuss differences and challenges between the federal states, and develop possible approaches for improvement. The evaluations showed considerable differences in SMN values both between the federal states and over the years. These fluctuations are mainly due to climatic conditions and processes such as mineralization. In addition, systematic deviations were found at federal state borders. These can be explained not only by site factors, but also by different approaches to sampling and the provision of reference values. The greatest differences between the approaches in the federal states may result from the timing of sampling, the number and density of samples, and methodological details in analysis and calculation, especially at the third depth level (60 to 90 cm). Coordinated sampling periods could improve the comparability of the data. Standardizing sampling density and analytical procedures also appears to be a useful approach to reducing systematic discrepancies. This has various implications for agricultural practice. The different approaches between the federal states make it difficult to compare (crop-specific) SMN reference values and, consequently, to determine fertilizer requirements equally. Particularly for farms whose land is spread across state borders, this can lead to widely varying results when determining nitrogen fertilizer requirements based on reference values. Ultimately, this results in unequal competitive conditions and, depending on the approach, potentially less or more restrictive fertilizer regulations. SMN values also play an important role in the impact monitoring when modeling regional nitrogen balances and nitrogen inputs into water bodies. It has been shown that nutrient balance modeling based on data from current sampling and provision practices is generally possible, but greater harmonization would significantly increase efficiency, transparency, and practicality. In the long term, farm-level SMN data shall be considered, but this will require legal adjustments. The template developed by the Thünen Institute for the provision of official SMN values as one result of the UAG provides a uniform format for the first time, which has been positively evaluated by the federal states and could represent an important step towards more efficient and reliable fertilizer requirement determination. At the same time, alternative approaches such as regression-based calculations offer potential for determining fertilizer requirements before the start of vegetation and could significantly reduce time and costs in practice. |
| Keywords: | Stickstoffdüngung, Düngebedarfsermittlung, Nmin, Richtwerte, Stickstoffbilanz, Nährstoffmanagement, Düngeverordnung, Wirkungsmonitoring, Düngepolitik, Nitratrichtlinie, Nitrogen fertilization, nutrient management plan, fertilization planning, nutrient demand, soil mineralnitrogen, nitrogen balance, fertilizer application ordinance, impact monitoring, fertilizer policy, Nitrates Directive |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q25 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:339577 |
| By: | Sánchez González, Santiago; Camacho, Jessica; Rivas, María Eugenia; Calatayud, Agustina |
| Abstract: | Este estudio estima los costos de transición hacia la movilidad eléctrica en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) hasta 2050, bajo tres escenarios de penetración de la flota eléctrica: optimista, moderado y pesimista. El análisis se enfoca exclusivamente en la electrificación de automóviles de pasajeros y buses, considerando crecimiento económico, proyecciones poblacionales, depreciación de la flota de buses e incrementos en la tasa de motorización derivados del desarrollo económico proyectado. Metodológicamente, el estudio se estructura en dos bloques: i) la estimación de la penetración de la movilidad eléctrica en el transporte privado (automóviles de pasajeros) y ii) la estimación de la penetración en el transporte público urbano. En el transporte privado, se proyecta que la región podría alcanzar entre 68 y 127 millones de vehículos eléctricos e híbridos enchufables hacia 2050, lo que representaría entre el 27% y el 50% de la flota total. La infraestructura de carga pública necesaria para abastecer esta flota requeriría una inversión de USD 1.500 millones, equivalente al 0, 018% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) regional anual. En el caso del transporte público, se estima que los buses eléctricos podrían representar aproximadamente dos tercios de la flota total bajo el escenario moderado. Alcanzar este nivel de electrificación requeriría inversiones anuales del orden de USD 3.000 millones, incluyendo los costos de infraestructura de carga, lo que equivale aproximadamente al 0, 036% del PIB regional. La transición hacia un sistema de transporte público 100% eléctrico para 2050 requeriría una inversión anual del 0, 061% del PIB regional, considerando tanto la adquisición de los buses eléctricos como la infraestructura de carga asociada. Este monto representa un incremento del 33% respecto al costo de la renovación de la flota basada en buses de combustión interna. En conjunto, este estudio proporciona una base cuantitativa para la planificación de políticas públicas en la región, con énfasis en los costos contables de la movilidad eléctrica. El análisis excluye los beneficios operativos, ambientales y de salud, los cuales podrían mejorar significativamente la relación costo-beneficio de la movilidad eléctrica en ALC. |
| JEL: | Q42 R41 O54 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14543 |
| By: | Bruno Michoud (SMASH - Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et de Sciences Humaines, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Date: | 2025–04–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-05547175 |
| By: | Heine, Michael; Herr, Hansjörg |
| Abstract: | John Maynard Keynes clearly recognized the inherent crisis-proneness of capitalist economies and that, for the most part, they did not represent a meritocracy. The lion's share of non-labour income in the form of interest, dividends, or profit distributions is pocketed by households that do not contribute to any entrepreneurial activity. According to Keynes' idea, large corporations should be socialized to control investment. To guarantee sufficient consumer demand, a relatively equal distribution of income and wealth, as well as the elimination of income that is not backed by any performance in the form of work or entrepreneurial activity, is needed. Public utilities such as water supply and local public transportation should remain under the ownership of local authorities. Keynes saw balanced trade and current accounts as an element of fair globalization. International capital flows should be largely controlled. He provided important elements of an ecological transformation and the macroeconomic management of an ecologically and socially sustainable economy. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:gluwps:339601 |
| By: | Kamlage, Jan-Hendrik; Rogall, Marius; Sasse, David; Mohr, Kim |
| Abstract: | Der Ausbau der Stromübertragungsnetze spielt im Rahmen der deutschen Energiewende eine zentrale Rolle, aber führt in den betroffenen Kommunen regelmäßig zu Konflikten. Die Übertragungsnetzbetreiber (ÜNB) setzen auf informelle Formate der Stakeholderbeteiligung, um die Akzeptanz und Legitimität der Stromleitungsprojekte zu fördern. Diese informellen Beteiligungsprozesse haben die ÜNB in den letzten 15 Jahren kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, diese Entwicklung kritisch zu beleuchten. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie sich frühe experimentelle und dialogorientierte Ansätze zu zunehmend professionalisierten und standardisierten, kampagnenartigen Beteiligungsformaten entwickelt haben. Während diese Praktiken die Transparenz und Akzeptanz von Planungsverfahren und der ÜNB als Projektentwickler erhöhen, bleibt ihr Einfluss auf die Akzeptanz der Infrastrukturprojekte selbst begrenzt. Auf der Grundlage dieser Analyse identifiziert der Beitrag fünf strukturelle Hindernisse – ungleiche Verteilung von Lasten und Nutzen, hohe Komplexität und Ressourcenknappheit, begrenzte lokale Entscheidungsbefugnisse, die Doppelrolle der ÜNB sowie lokal spezifische Akzeptanzkonstellationen –, die die Wirksamkeit informeller Beteiligung systematisch einschränken. Abschließend plädiert der Beitrag für einen systemischen und kontextsensitiven Ansatz für die lokale Governance der Energieinfrastruktur. The expansion of electricity transmission grids plays a central role in Germany’s energy transition, but regularly leads to conflicts in the local communities affected. Transmission system operators (TSOs) rely on informal forms of stakeholder engagement to promote acceptance and legitimacy of power line projects. The TSOs have continuously refined these informal engagement processes over the last 15 years. The aim of this paper is to critically examine this development. It demonstrates how early experimental and dialogue-oriented approaches have evolved into increasingly professionalised and standardised, campaign-style participation formats. Whilst these practices enhance the transparency and acceptance of planning procedures and of the TSOs as project developers, their influence on the acceptance of the infrastructure projects themselves remains limited. Based on this analysis, the paper identifies five structural barriers – unequal distribution of costs and benefits, high complexity and resource scarcity, limited local decision-making powers, the dual role of the TSO, and locally specific acceptance constellations – which systematically limit the effectiveness of informal participation. In conclusion, the paper advocates a systemic and context-sensitive approach to the local governance of energy infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2026–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:8e34r_v1 |
| By: | Mónica Correa-López (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Mar Delgado-Téllez (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Marta Suárez-Valera (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | La pandemia y la crisis energética asociada a la guerra de Ucrania han transformado con rapidez el panorama energético europeo. Los países de la Unión Europea han reducido su dependencia de proveedores de riesgo, impulsado mejoras de eficiencia y acelerado la penetración de energías renovables, lo que ha contribuido a disminuir el consumo primario y las emisiones. Sin embargo, estos avances conviven con importantes vulnerabilidades: limitadas interconexiones, necesidad de mayor almacenamiento energético y un grado insuficiente de electrificación en sectores clave. Por su lado, los precios mayoristas y minoristas de la energía han mostrado una elevada volatilidad, condicionada por la evolución del gas, la expansión renovable y factores específicos de cada economía. Estos movimientos han tenido un efecto directo sobre la competitividad, especialmente de los sectores industriales intensivos en energía. Mientras España ha logrado una mejora relativa del coste energético frente a varios socios europeos desde 2022, otros países mantienen precios elevados que afectan a su posición competitiva. El documento analiza estas dinámicas y sus implicaciones para la seguridad del suministro, la resiliencia del sistema y el cumplimiento de los objetivos climáticos. |
| Keywords: | transición energética, eficiencia energética, dependencia energética, precios de la energía, competitividad |
| JEL: | Q40 Q41 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:opaper:2608 |
| By: | Yijia Chen |
| Abstract: | The proliferation of diverse, high-leverage trading instruments in modern financial markets presents a complex, "noisy" environment, leading to a critical question: which trading strategies are evolutionarily viable? To investigate this, we construct a large-scale agent-based model, "MAS-Utopia, " comprising 10, 000 agents with five distinct archetypes. This society is immersed in five years of high-frequency data under a counterfactual baseline: zero transaction friction and a robust Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) safety net. The simulation reveals a powerful evolutionary convergence. Strategies that attempt to fight the market's current - namely Mean-Reversion ("buy-the-dip") - prove structurally fragile. In contrast, the Trend-Following archetype, which adapts to the market's flow, emerges as the dominant phenotype. Translating this finding, we architect an LLM-driven system that emulates this successful logic. Our findings offer profound implications, echoing the ancient wisdom of "Be Water": for investors, it demonstrates that survival is achieved not by rigid opposition, but by disciplined alignment with the prevailing current; for markets, it critiques tools that encourage contrarian gambling; for society, it underscores the stabilizing power of economic safety nets. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.29593 |
| By: | Virginie de Barnier (LARJE - Laboratoire de Recherches Juridique et Economique - UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie) |
| Abstract: | The development of tourism in Vanuatu has been accompanied for several years by changes in the habits of the inhabitants who try to adapt to the demands of tourists on different levels: use of the English language, acceptance of the Australian dollar for transactions, schedules adapted to the arrivals of cruises and planes, food adapted to the tastes of tourists etc. These modifications create new or transformed social norms that deeply influence not only behaviors, but also affect identities and social relations. This article is based on work and methods from social psychology (Hofstede, 2001) in order to understand how individuals and communities of the South Pacific Islands react to these standards, the adaptation points, those who cause resistance and how certain standards are redefined. |
| Abstract: | Le développement du tourisme au Vanuatu s'accompagne depuis plusieurs années de modifications des habitudes des habitants qui tentent de s'adapter aux demandes des touristes sur différents plans : utilisation de la langue anglaise, acceptation du dollar australien pour les transactions, horaires adaptés aux arrivées des croisières et des avions, alimentation adaptée aux gouts des touristes etc. Ces modifications créent des normes sociales nouvelles ou transformées qui influencent profondément, non seulement les comportements, mais aussi affectent les identités et les relations sociales. Cet article s'appuie sur des travaux et méthodes issus de la psychologie sociale (Hofstede, 2001) afin d'appréhender comment les individus et les communautés insulaires du Pacifique Sud réagissent à ces normes, les points d'adaptation, ceux qui provoquent des résistances et comment certaines normes se redéfinissent. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable tourism, Norms, Culture, Behavior, Social identities, Identité sociale, Comportement, Normes, Tourisme durable |
| Date: | 2026–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05511505 |
| By: | Daria Denti; Alessandra Faggian; Marco Modica; Ilan Noy |
| Abstract: | Do earthquakes strengthen social cohesion or undermine it? While some theories suggest they strengthen social bonds, others suggest they lead to social disintegration. We add to the limited causal evidence on this phenomenon using the 2012 Northern Italy earthquake, and exploit a unique dataset that captures different earthquake characteristics and multiple dimensions of social cohesion through behavioral measures. Difference-in-differences and event-study estimates show that the earthquake shifted behavior toward individualism and out-group hostility, and that short-run increases in linking social capital were followed by later erosion. Critically, dwelling damage had stronger and more persistent effects than the physical shaking, suggesting that visible, measurable destruction has a more profound impact on social cohesion. These findings further advance our understanding by demonstrating that different dimensions of social cohesion respond differently to earthquakes, with varying recovery patterns depending on earthquake characteristics. |
| Keywords: | disasters, earthquake, social norms, social cohesion, individualism |
| JEL: | Q54 J12 J15 K42 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12585 |
| By: | Andreas Manhart (Oeko-Institut Consult GmbH); Fred Adjei (Oeko-Institut Consult GmbH) |
| Abstract: | Lead exposure presents a major public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, and unsafe recycling of used lead-acid batteries (ULABs) is increasingly recognized as an important driver. This paper synthesizes over a decade of applied research and cooperation projects on ULAB recycling, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The paper specifically draws from recent assessments in Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania and describes collection and recycling patterns, including interlinks between informal and formal operators, plant set-ups and operational practices. The researchers assert that collection is largely organized through informal networks that supply collected batteries to registered industrial recycling plants that commonly apply sub-standard processes. Key lead exposure pathways include manual or semi-automated battery breaking, uncontrolled electrolyte draining, insufficient capture of furnace and refining fumes, poor housekeeping and dust control, unsafe handling of filter dust, and inadequate management of lead-bearing slags. Regulatory frameworks exist and inspections occur, yet limited resources, gaps in technical specificity and capacity, and weak enforcement allow persistent non-compliance by formal plants. Economic analysis and recent experience indicate that relatively high standard plants face higher investment and operating costs and may lose access to ULABs because low-standard operators can offer higher purchase prices. The paper concludes with policy implications focused on effective and consistent sanctions, market consolidation through stricter licensing, polluter pays principles, regional exchange, supply chain due diligence, improved monitoring, and international support that strengthens local ownership and capacities. |
| Date: | 2026–03–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:387 |