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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Pablo Garcia Sanchez (Banque centrale du Luxembourg, Département Economie et Recherche); Olivier Pierrard (Banque centrale du Luxembourg, Département Economie et Recherche) |
| Abstract: | Recent empirical evidence reveals an income gradient in support for climate action: individuals in wealthier countries are less willing to pay than those in poorer ones. What explains this gradient, and what does it imply for international cooperation to protect the Earth’s climate? We answer these questions using a heterogeneous-country integrated assessment model formulated as a mean field game and calibrated to historical economic and climate data. Poorer countries, facing higher marginal utility of consumption, cut consumption less to cushion the decline in capital accumulation caused by climate damages. As a result, they suffer larger relative losses from climate change and gain more from mitigation, making them more inclined to accept a global carbon tax. This gradient has stark implications for cooperation: even when a carbon tax large enough to contain temperature increases benefits most countries, the richest might oppose. Redistributing global carbon tax proceeds uniformly across countries or recycling them as green investment subsidies need not overcome this reluctance. |
| Keywords: | Neoclassical Growth Model; Mean Field Game; Climate Policy |
| JEL: | C61 H23 Q50 |
| Date: | 2026–02–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2026006 |
| By: | Chaudhary, Arbind; Babu, Suresh Chandra; Chaudhary, Bibek |
| Abstract: | Located in the heart of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region, Nepal plays a vital geopolitical and ecological role in South Asia’s climate landscape. Although the country contributes less than 0.03 percent to global greenhouse gas emissions (MoFE 2020) and has extensive forest cover of 46 percent (MoFE 2025), it faces disproportionate risks from climate-induced disasters, such as glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), erratic monsoons, and prolonged droughts. The HKH region spans eight countries and hosts 10 major river basins and more than 87, 000 square kilometers of glaciers, delivering water and ecosystem services to more than 1.9 billion people downstream (ICIMOD 2025a). Within this complex hydrological system, Nepal's rivers—including the Koshi, Gandaki, and Karnali—not only sustain local livelihoods but also feed millions in India’s Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and even parts of China. Climate justice is imperative in this context: Nepal’s low emissions profile stands in stark contrast to its high vulnerability (CVF 2024), requiring urgent attention to equity, adaptation finance, and inclusive development pathways. This policy note discusses Nepal’s role in climate justice diplomacy, examines the regional and country-level context of climate risk, and assesses Nepal’s third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to reframe climate action through a justice-centered lens. |
| Keywords: | capacity building; poverty reduction; climate change; natural resources; Nepal; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:178267 |
| By: | Giulia Rossello; Domenico Buccella; Nicola Meccheri; Marcella Scrimitore |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates three different port air emissions abatement measures– i) emission taxes, ii) subsidies on abatement technology investments and iii) emission standard–in a reciprocal trade model, where two firms (one firm located in each country) compete choosing the quantity to export and the quantity of domestic market. To export, firms need two ports, one located in each country, and each country’s government chooses a policy to regulate pollution produced by its port. We aim at investigating how shipping costs and the port ownership shape the incentives towards exports and abatement of both the port and government in each country. The analysis points out the relative effectiveness of alternative policies in achieving environmental sustainability and society’s welfare objectives. Specifically, the environmental damage is minimized under emission standard regardless of any degree of port privatization. However, emission standards turn out to never dominate the other policies in the perspective of consumer surplus and overall domestic welfare. Depending on the degree of port privatization, either environmental taxes or abatement subsidies result as the domesticwelfare-maximizing policy, but only environmental taxes emerge as endogenous choice by governments. |
| Keywords: | international oligopoly, port privatization, emission tax, abatement subsidy, environmental standard, welfare |
| JEL: | D43 F18 H23 L33 R48 |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2026/329 |
| By: | Justin Sun |
| Abstract: | The long-term relationship between radiative forcing and surface temperature is imperative for predicting the impacts of climate change. This study employs multicointegration to characterize this relationship and uses Transformed and Augmented Ordinary Least Squares (TAOLS) to estimate the model. The main goal is to estimate the Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS), defined as the global mean surface air temperature increase following a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Our results show that the ECS lies between $2.12^{\circ}$C and $2.49^{\circ}$C, which is lower than the existing maximum likelihood estimate of $2.8^{\circ}$C. TAOLS offers a more robust and accessible tool for climate research, providing novel insights for ongoing debates about Earth's warming trajectory. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.13766 |
| By: | Anienwe, Prince; Bhattarai, Keshab |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the comparative effectiveness of carbon taxation policies in Sweden and Norway using the Vector Autoregression (VAR) methodology, spanning the period from 1995 to 2023. Employing impulse responses in VAR analysis, this study confirms the effectiveness of the carbon tax in Sweden, with significant lagged effects, but finds weaker policy transmission mechanisms in Norway, identifying systematic relationships between policy changes and environmental outcomes. This study contributes to the literature on climate policy design by comparing empirical evidence on optimal carbon pricing mechanisms across these two economies. In addition, the study shows how carbon tax design and implementation contexts critically determine policy effectiveness in temporal response patterns of emissions to carbon tax policies. |
| Keywords: | Carbon tax; Emission reduction; VAR analysis; Climate policy; Cross-country comparison. |
| JEL: | H2 O5 Q5 |
| Date: | 2026–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127740 |
| By: | Stephan Eitel; Stefanie Y. Schmitt |
| Abstract: | When consumers prefer to buy goods with high environmental quality and firms differ in their environmental qualities, firms have incentives to fight over environ mental salience and thereby influence consumers’ attention to the environmental dimension of the goods. A green firm prefers environmental quality to be salient, while a brown firm prefers environmental quality to remain shrouded. We model the firms’ fight over salience as an advertising contest. We show that the firm with the competitive advantage invests more into the salience contest. Whether such a contest increases social welfare depends on the level of environmental differentiation and the marginal damage of emissions. In addition, we show that the contest is an (imperfect) substitute for emission taxes and subsidies and that minimum standards may increase emissions and decrease welfare. |
| Keywords: | contest, emissions, environmental quality, environmental policies, salience. |
| JEL: | D91 L13 L15 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bav:wpaper:247_eitel_schmitt.rdf |
| By: | Halkos, George; Zisiadou, Argyro |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the dynamic, long-run relationships between environmental degradation, measured by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and a comprehensive set of macroeconomic determinants, including economic growth (GDP), energy consumption, trade openness and urbanization in Greece. Utilizing annual time-series data spanning the period 1970–2014, determines the direction of causality among variables. The empirical results provide strong evidence for the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. Specifically, the findings do not validate the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for the Greek economy, identifying a statistically significant N-shaped relationship where environmental degradation initially rises with economic expansion before reaching a structural turning point (local maximun), subsequently declining reaching a second turning point (local minimum), followed by an additional rise. The causal analysis reveals a unidirectional linkage flowing from economic growth and energy consumption to CO2 in the long run, suggesting that Greece’s historical growth model has been energy-intensive. From a policy perspective, the study concludes that for Greece to sustain its downward environmental trajectory, it must shift toward a high-efficiency energy mix and decouple its GDP growth from carbon-intensive industrial activities, aligning with broader European Union climate mandates and the global transition toward a low-carbon economy. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve; Economic growth; environmental degradation; Greece; sustainability; CO₂ emissions. |
| JEL: | C50 O20 Q01 Q52 Q53 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128430 |
| By: | Sebastian Ritter (AQR-IREA Research group, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Vicente Royuela (AQR-IREA Research group, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | As the EU races to meet its 2030 emissions reduction target, regional disparities in transition progress threaten to leave some territories behind. We introduce the Regional Green Transition Performance Index (RGTP), a novel composite measure capturing progress across seven pillars (environmental; energy; circular economy and waste; sustainable development; just transition; innovation and policy; and transport and mobility) for 232 European NUTS2 regions over 14 years. Drawing on 31 indicators, we map spatial patterns and dynamic processes. Furthermore, we argue that the green transition acts as a structural force whose potential effects on regional development can be expressed along two axes: vulnerability and opportunity. We propose an alternative measure of Regional Green Transition Opportunity index (RGTO) which we combine with the existent Regional Green Transition Vulnerability index (RGTV) of Rodríguez-Pose & Bartalucci (2024) to construct a simple 2×2 typology of regions. We translate this evidence into a policy playbook: pair risk-mitigation with opportunity-creation and embed diffusion mechanisms so gains propagate beyond individual regions. The paper contributes an open dataset, a transparent methodology to separate performance, opportunities, and vulnerabilities which responds to the EU’s performance-based policy agenda by offering a region-level monitoring tool that complements cohesion instruments (ERDF/CF/JTF/ESF+) and flags where to reduce vulnerabilities while mobilizing opportunities in the green transition. |
| Keywords: | Green Transition; European Union; Regional Inequality; Green Transition Index. JEL classification: C43; Q56; R11; R12. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202602 |
| By: | González-Rostani, Valentina; Beiser-McGrath, Liam; Aklin, Michaël |
| Abstract: | In an era of increasing economic precarity and labour market polarization, meaningful efforts to mitigate climate challenges face a fundamental political challenge. We examine how indviduals’ long-term labour market risk shapes their environmental attitudes and support for green policies. We argue that longterm labour market risk is expected to reduce environmental concern amongst those affected due to a deprioritization of problems with high levels of uncertainty and that require deep reforms to be addressed. Therefore, we expect labour market risk to subsequently reduce support of environmental policy that imposes immediate direct costs, such as carbon taxation. Using European Social Survey data from 2002 to 2018 and several waves of the International Social Survey Programme across European countries, our analysis reveals that individuals’ facing long-term labour market risks are less likely to hold environmental concerns and less supportive of carbon taxes that impose immediate visible costs. Our findings have important implications for understanding how structural transformations in the economy shape individuals’ preferences for tackling long-term societal problems like climate change. |
| Keywords: | automation; environmental attitudes; environmental policy; public opinion |
| JEL: | R14 J01 J1 |
| Date: | 2026–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137327 |
| By: | Alvarez Vilanova, Juan; Crescenzi, Riccardo; Mager, Lee |
| Abstract: | Foreign direct investment (FDI) finances and diffuses the capital, skills and know-how needed for the low-carbon transition, yet ‘green FDI’ remains systematically under-measured. Sector proxies – typically renewable energy and waste remediation – miss green activities embedded within other industries, yielding a partial and geographically-biased picture. Here we combine Large Language Models with the EU Taxonomy for Sustainable Activities to classify investment projects against sector-specific green criteria. Applying this taxonomy-guided framework to 109, 084 inward greenfield FDI projects into the European Union and the United Kingdom (2013– 2024), we identify 15.7% of FDI value as green – around twice the share captured by traditional measures. We show that sector metrics miss large volumes in manufacturing and services, and that beyond-energy green FDI is more strongly linked to extra-European investors, implying distinct geopolitical dependencies. Blinded human coding and robustness tests confirm high accuracy and reproducibility. Together, these results enable scalable monitoring of investment alignment with climate objectives. |
| Keywords: | green FDI; EU taxonomy; large language models; greenfield investment; decarbonisation; green transition |
| JEL: | F21 Q55 Q56 C88 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137671 |
| By: | Priyanka V; Geetha Charan; Rohit P Suresh; Thandava Sunkara; Manojkumar Patil; Kartik Sagar; Aashman Trivedi; Soumya K; Subir Paul; Parashuram Hadimani; Ganesh Babu; Ravi Trivedi; Y. Narahari |
| Abstract: | Carbon farming is the collection of agricultural best practices specifically designed to maximize the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide in soils and plant biomass, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation practices. Carbon farming can be viewed as a promising pathway to simultaneously address climate change mitigation, soil degradation, and farmer welfare. For example, if the entire agricultural cropland in India practices carbon farming, this will spectacularly offset about 50% of emissions from the country's annual transport-sector emissions. However, practical deployment of carbon farming is constrained by scientific challenges, inherent complexity, and fragmented understanding across disciplines. This inter-disciplinary, expository survey offers the first unified treatment of carbon farming for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers. The survey integrates insights from agronomy, soil science, climate science, measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV), economics, carbon markets, and policy design. We begin by establishing the conceptual foundations of soil organic carbon dynamics and agricultural carbon sequestration, and compare carbon farming with the paradigms of sustainable, regenerative, and organic agriculture. We then present a comprehensive landscape analysis of carbon-farming best practices, including both generic and crop-specific interventions, and systematically examine their co-benefits and trade-offs. The paper offers a rigorous review of MRV frameworks, emerging digital MRV technologies, and the carbon-credit project life cycle, followed by a structured analysis of voluntary and compliance carbon markets... |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.20674 |
| By: | Bortz, Pablo; Toftum, Nicole |
| Abstract: | Climate change and environmental degradation pose significant risks to commodity-dependent developing economies, yet their macroeconomic and financial implications remain underexplored. We use an environmental stock-flow consistent model to examine how land-use changes driven by agricultural expansion and intensification impact balance-of-payments dynamics, wage and price inflation, and financial stability in agricultural commodity-exporting countries. Exchange rate devaluations and increases in commodity prices boost agricultural output and export revenues, but also lead to increased carbon dioxide emissions and ecosystem degradation, ultimately reducing land productivity. These price changes translate into wage and price dynamics and impact economic activity and constrain investment, raising a policy dilemma: promoting short-term expansion of agricultural exports results in long-term environmental damage and loss of productive capacity. The analysis demonstrates that physical climate risks, such as extreme weather events, directly impact central bank reserve accumulation by disrupting agricultural exports. The impact is not restricted to the trade balance, since portfolio decisions by non-resident investors take into consideration expected dynamics in foreign exchange accumulation. Using Argentina as a case study, the research confirms that climate shocks represent a material risk to monetary policy implementation in commodity-dependent emerging market economies. Addressing these challenges from a monetary policy perspective requires a multidimensional framework, with regulatory policies (such as green credit subsidies and loan loss provisions) complementing other, more structural market developments (such as insurance and future markets) to stimulate green investment, avoid inflationary pressures and maintain banking stability |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2026–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137665 |
| By: | Suarez, Ronny |
| Abstract: | Rice cultivation systems in Latin America exhibit substantial heterogeneity driven by geographic, climatic, technological, and institutional factors. These differences shape productivity outcomes, exposure to climate risks, greenhouse gas emissions, and producers’ adaptive capacity. This article provides a system-oriented analysis of the main rice production systems in the region, distinguishing among irrigated, partially irrigated, and rainfed systems, as well as mechanized, semi-mechanized, and traditional production models. It examines how water management, mechanization, cropping intensity, and socioeconomic conditions interact to influence climate vulnerability and the feasibility of adaptation and mitigation strategies. The analysis highlights the importance of differentiated system-sensitive climate-smart agriculture pathways aligned with local production contexts and producer realities across Latin America. |
| Keywords: | rice systems, irrigated, rainfed |
| JEL: | Q10 |
| Date: | 2026–01–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127782 |
| By: | Sergio Leo Vargas Aranda (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay); Erica Ramirez (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Bertrand Charmaison (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Maxence Cordiez (Université Paris-Saclay); Emma Moulan (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | The European power system plays a strategic role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels while contributing to reaching Europe's CO2 emissions targets. The energy crisis triggered by Russia's war against Ukraine has revived interest in the role of nuclear energy in the European power system. We examine how postponing nuclear phaseout affects optimal dispatch and environmental performance of the interconnected European power system. We use ESMOD, a unit commitment model of the European electric system at the 2030 horizon, built with Antares Simulator, to assess the impact of nuclear phase-out policies in Germany and Belgium. The model accounts for 36 European countries and focuses on cross-border effects and country-level impacts. The model shows that not decommissioning 4 GW of nuclear capacity in these two countries would have reduced European CO2 emissions by 16 million tons in 2030. Strikingly, about 45% of such reductions would have occurred in other European countries and keeping nuclear power plants in operation would have increased the total European surplus by 3 billion euros heterogeneously affecting across countries. To interpret these heterogeneous effects, we analysed the load size, power mix, trader status and interconnections to explain cross-border sensitivities. Finally, we assessed the countries' sensitivity to weather variation across 34 climate years by classifying them using the Kmeans clustering method. The results underscore the central role of European energy policy coordination in shaping future energy strategies that prioritize climate goals and efficient system integration while challenging the economic efficiency and environmental effectiveness of solely national plans. |
| Keywords: | European coordination, Cross-border effects, Energy Policy, Power system modelling, Nuclear energy |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05548319 |
| By: | Anienwe, Prince; Bhattarai, Keshab |
| Abstract: | A ten-equation Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model is designed to capture household optimization, firm production decisions, environmental dynamics, and banking sector vulnerabilities during Net Zero Emission transition periods. It is calibrated to Polish macroeconomic data from 2000 to 2019 to evaluate various policy scenarios, including gradual versus rapid carbon tax implementation and different emission reduction targets. Results highlight critical trade-offs among environmental goals, economic stability, and financial system resilience. The analysis shows that Poland can reach its net-zero emissions target while maintaining macroeconomic stability through coordinated policy measures, with productivity gains generating positive spillovers across the economy. This study addresses significant gaps in environmental macroeconomic modelling for Central and Eastern European contexts, providing new insights for Poland's EU-mandated decarbonization policy while preserving economic and financial stability. |
| Keywords: | DSGE Modelling; Net-Zero Transition; Carbon Taxation; Environmental Policy; Macroeconomic Stability; Financial Stability |
| JEL: | C54 E6 O5 Q5 |
| Date: | 2026–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127741 |
| By: | David Bistuer (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Helena Chuliá (Department of Econometrics and Statistics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Jorge M. Uribe (Faculty of Economics and Business, Open University of Catalonia, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Previous development studies have documented a positive relationship between economic complexity and better environmental outcomes, as well as highlighted policy avenues that could leverage economic complexity as a roadmap for decarbonization and green growth. We build on this perspective by empirically demonstrating—using recent advances in explainable and causal machine learning—that economic complexity is also meaningfully linked to climate change resilience. Specifically, we show that more complex economies tend to be less vulnerable to climate change due to their stronger adaptive and coping capacities. These capacities are evidenced by stronger institutions, better long-term health outcomes, and, notably, a higher proportion of people employed in R&D. Our findings also reveal a positive association between exposure to climate risk due to geography and complexity, but only in cases of extreme exposure. While exposure to climate change itself is beyond the reach of policy intervention, vulnerability is not. By using an economic complexity framework combined with investments in knowledgeintensive intangibles and large-scale long-term health interventions, policymakers can align the seemingly divergent goals of climate resilience and decarbonization, which is crucial, especially for developing nations. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk; Green Growth; Structural Transformation; Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning. JEL classification: |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202521 |
| By: | Aatishya Mohanty; Nattavudh Powdthavee; Cheng Keat Tang; Andrew J. Oswald |
| Abstract: | Scientists agree about the urgency of the problem of climate change. Most citizens, however, pay little attention to gradually increasing temperature levels. Growing numbers of natural disasters in the world might then play a fundamental role as the key signal to alert humanity to the severity of the problem of the changing climate. But is that potential mechanism working? In this empirical examination (N>2 million over three decades in 93 countries), we show for the first time that a typical person's happiness and life satisfaction is barely affected by natural disasters in their region. Yet these are the individuals -- as opposed to the minority literally flooded or literally badly affected by hurricanes -- who effectively shape how governments act. This study's ``psychological near-irrelevance'' result is deeply troubling. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.12883 |
| By: | Juan Sebastian Yanez (Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Montserrat Guillen (Department of Econometrics, Riskcenter-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Paulina Roszkowsk (Bayes Business School, City University of London, United Kingdom.); Jens Perch Nielsen (Bayes Business School, City University of London, United Kingdom.) |
| Abstract: | Private vehicles harm public health by contributing to air pollution and traffic accidents, the leading cause of death among young adults. Despite these risks, drivers often ignore speed limits, while society increasingly prioritizes environmental protection. This tension between personal habits and collective responsibility highlights the urgent need for strategies to promote safer driving practices. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel approach to evaluating road crash risk using air pollutants as exposure measures, so drivers are simultaneously encouraged to reduce their environmental footprint and mitigate their road crash risk. We use a rich dataset of over 1, 500 at-fault crash-related claims recorded over two years provided by an insurance company, merged with detailed telematics driving data for individual vehicles. We show that available emission factor models enable the integration of emission-based exposure measures to model road crash risk. Then, we provide empirical evidence that incorporating behavioral telematics data makes pollutant-driven models as efficient as traditional distance-driven ones. Our proposition has the potential to enhance road safety and reduce air pollution by directly linking environmentally conscious driving practices with reducing road crash risks. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution; Crash Risk; Public Health; Road Accident; Telematics; Transportation. JEL classification: G22; G52. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202522 |
| By: | Scheer, Antonina; Honneth, Johannes; Hizliok, Setenay; Dietz, Simon; Nuzzo, Carmen |
| Abstract: | Assessing Sovereign Climate-related Opportunities and Risks (ASCOR) is an investor-led project to develop a free, publicly available, independent tool that assesses countries on climate change. The ASCOR framework is composed of indicators for the transparent assessment of the progress made by countries in managing the low-carbon transition and the impacts of climate change. ASCOR aims to inform, support and facilitate investors’ decision-making on sovereign bonds and enable a more explicit consideration of climate change. The project hopes to facilitate engagement and dialogue between issuers and investors and drive financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation. ASCOR will also enable countries to showcase their improvements on the transition to a low-carbon and resilient future by providing independent and open-source assessments of their targets and policies. |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2024–11–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137700 |
| By: | Witson Peña Tello (Observatory of Analysis and Evaluation of Public Policies and the Research Group on Governments and Markets, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how U.S. gubernatorial partisanship and electric utility interests jointly shape the adoption and stringency of three widely used electricity-sector climate policies: greenhouse gas cap-and-trade, emissions standards, and renewable portfolio standards. Using panel data for 48 states over 29 years, this study applies difference-indifferences and regression discontinuity designs that exploit within-state partisan alternation and quasi-random variation from close gubernatorial elections. The results indicate that Democratic governorships associate with higher probabilities of policy adoption and greater stringency than Republican ones. However, these partisan effects attenuate in states with fossil-intensive utility capacity and strengthen in renewable-rich states, particularly for discretionary and mandatory renewable portfolio standards. This work extends the empirical political economy literature by comparing instrument choice and stringency across three major electricity-sector climate policies and by evaluating how utility sector composition and reelection incentives moderate or amplify partisan influence. The findings highlight that electricity-sector decarbonization strategies need to account for both environmental externalities and the local political-economic conditions that shape feasible policy options. |
| Keywords: | Climate Policies; Political Parties; Electric Utility Interests. JEL classification: D72; L94; Q42; Q48; Q54. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202524 |
| By: | Gökhan Dilek (Department of Applied Economics, Public Policies Section (OAP- GiM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Joël Bühler (Department of Applied Economics, Public Policies Section (OAP- GiM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Local responses to renewable energy projects range from opposition that delays or blocks deployment to active support and participation. A common narrative underlying these behaviors emphasizes economic considerations: projects that impose local externalities without delivering local benefits tend to face resistance, whereas renewable energy communities (RECs) that are formed by citizens are argued to generate more local economic value than corporate plants. This paper examines these two related claims by comparing the local economic effects of community-owned and corporate-owned renewable energy plants. Using heterogeneity-robust difference-indifferences estimators and panel data for UK local authority districts, we estimate the income and employment impacts of community and corporate solar and wind projects. We find evidence of local economic benefits for some ownership–technology combinations, with substantial heterogeneity across ownership structures and technologies. Overall, the results point to a nuanced relationship between renewable energy deployment, ownership models, and local economic outcomes. |
| Keywords: | The United Kingdom; Renewable Energy Communities; Energy Transition; Renewable Energy; Green Growth. JEL classification: C33; E24; J21; L94; O13; Q52; R23. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202604 |
| By: | Abouzaid Badr (ENCGT - École Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger); Koross Mohsine (ENCGT - École Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Tanger) |
| Abstract: | Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the role of ISO 50001 as a structured energy management system within the field of green supply chain management (GSCM). More specifically, it aims to map the intellectual structure, thematic evolution, and research trends related to ISO 50001 and its contribution to sustainable supply chain practices. Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in the theoretical foundations of green supply chain management, energy management systems, and sustainability-oriented organizational strategies. Core concepts related to energy efficiency, sustainable development, renewable energy integration, and organizational performance provide the conceptual basis for analyzing the literature on ISO 50001 and GSCM. Method: The study employs a bibliometric research design, utilizing a dataset of 422 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2013 and 2024, indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Bibliometric performance indicators and science mapping techniques were applied to identify influential journals, authors, institutions, and countries, as well as to explore keyword co-occurrence patterns and thematic clusters shaping this research domain. Results and Discussion: The findings reveal a sustained growth in academic interest at the intersection of ISO 50001 and GSCM, reflecting the increasing strategic relevance of energy management within supply chain sustainability research. Dominant research themes primarily relate to energy efficiency, sustainable development, renewable energy adoption, and organizational performance. However, the analysis also highlights underexplored areas, particularly those associated with digital technologies, data-driven energy management, and the strategic integration of ISO 50001 into supply chain decision-making processes. Research Implications: The results provide both theoretical and managerial implications by clarifying how ISO 50001-based energy management systems support sustainability-oriented supply chain strategies and by offering insights for organizations seeking to improve environmental and competitive performance. Originality/Value: This study offers one of the first comprehensive bibliometric syntheses focusing specifically on the contribution of ISO 50001 to green supply chain management, positioning the standard as a strategic lever for embedding energy management into sustainable supply chain governance. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy., Environmental Performance, Sustainability, Energy Efficiency, ISO 50001, Green Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2026–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05488073 |
| By: | Galina Hale; Michael Halling; Nora Alice. Paulus; Han H.G. Pham |
| Abstract: | Limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees requires that cumulative carbon dioxide emissions remain within a finite remaining carbon budget. How this budget is allocated across countries raises questions of fairness and development. This paper evaluates whether equity-based carbon allocations are compatible with sustained economic growth in emerging and developing economies. We compute country-level fair shares of the remaining carbon budget under the equal-cumulative-per-capita (ECPC) principle. Using data for 162 countries between 1950 and 2023, we then estimate the historical relationship between income and per-capita CO2 emissions across income groups and use these elasticities to simulate cumulative emissions until 2050. Our results show that ECPC implies strongly negative remaining carbon budgets for most advanced economies, while lower-income countries retain positive but constrained allocations. Under historically observed income–emissions elasticities, many developing countries would exceed their fair shares when converging toward advanced-economy income levels. At the aggregate level, unused allocations offset only 17% of the combined carbon budget shortfall implied by countries exceeding their allocation and the negative fair shares arising from historical responsibilities. In a scenario in which we assume that the technology of advanced economies is transferred to all countries, the carbon budget coverage increases to 38%. |
| JEL: | D63 F64 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34978 |
| By: | Emilie Couture |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen is increasingly presented as a key solution for decarbonization in the context of the energy transition. This paper investigates how financial markets perceive hydrogen-related companies and whether these assets display distinct financial behaviors compared to other clean energy sectors—namely solar, wind, and renewable energy producers. Using daily data and a multi-faceted econometric approach, accounting for non-linearities, long-run dynamics, and time-varying correlations, we analyze both returns and dynamic correlations of hydrogen stocks relative to other energy segments. Our results show that hydrogen indices behave more like speculative technological assets than mature renewable energy sources. Their returns are more sensitive to financial stress indicators (e.g., the VIX) and to the performance of technology stocks. Dynamic correlations with other energy sectors are shaped by macroeconomic conditions: oil prices act as a synchronizing factor, while gold increases returns but reduces correlations. In contrast, geopolitical and financial uncertainty tends to increase comovements, reflecting flight-to-safety behavior. These findings highlight hydrogen’s hybrid identity in financial markets—volatile, innovation-driven, and not yet integrated into the traditional renewable asset class, raising implications for both investors and policymakers regarding the financial interconnectedness and strategic support of the hydrogen sector within the broader clean energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen, Renewable energy, Asset pricing, Stock returns, Cross-market correlations |
| JEL: | G12 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-7 |
| By: | Elmahdi Tcham (MAPES - Laboratoire de Recherche en Management de la Performance des Organisations Publiques, Privées et de l’Économie Sociale - École Nationale du Commerce et de Gestion d’Agadir,); Malika Souaf; Youssef El Wazani |
| Abstract: | The gradual generalization of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reporting, particularly through AMMC Circular No. 03/19, is engaging Moroccan companies, especially listed firms, in a dynamic process of transparency and sustainability. This regulatory development raises major challenges for accounting professions, notably chartered accountants, who are increasingly called upon to play a key role in supporting organizations in achieving compliance and structuring non-financial information. Based on a qualitative study conducted with fifteen Moroccan chartered accountants, relying on semi-structured interviews analysed through an inductive thematic analysis, this research examines perceptions, emerging practices, and the difficulties encountered in integrating ESG requirements into traditional audit and advisory missions. The findings reveal a growing awareness of the strategic importance of ESG criteria, alongside a lack of adequate training, appropriate tools, and formalized demand beyond listed companies. Nevertheless, some professionals are developing frugal innovation approaches to address these emerging needs, notably through the creation of simplified analytical frameworks, targeted client training, or the gradual adaptation of financial statements to ESG-related issues. The study highlights a reconfiguration of the chartered accountant's role, from a guarantor of financial compliance to a partner in sustainable transformation, particularly within Moroccan entrepreneurial ecosystems undergoing transition. |
| Abstract: | Résumé : La généralisation progressive du reporting ESG (environnemental, social et de gouvernance), notamment à travers la circulaire AMMC n°03/19, engage les entreprises marocaines, en particulier les sociétés cotées, dans une dynamique de transparence et de durabilité. Cette évolution réglementaire soulève des enjeux majeurs pour les professions du chiffre, notamment les experts-comptables, appelés à jouer un rôle clé dans l'accompagnement des organisations dans la mise en conformité et la structuration des informations extra-financières. À travers une étude qualitative menée auprès de quinze experts-comptables marocains, fondée sur des entretiens semi-directifs analysés selon une méthode d'analyse thématique à visée inductive, cette recherche analyse les perceptions, les pratiques émergentes et les difficultés rencontrées dans l'intégration des exigences ESG dans les missions traditionnelles d'audit et de conseil. Les résultats révèlent une prise de conscience croissante de l'importance stratégique des critères ESG, mais aussi un déficit de formation, d'outils adaptés et de demande formalisée en dehors des sociétés cotées. Certains professionnels développent cependant des démarches d'innovation frugale pour répondre à ces nouveaux besoins, notamment via la création de grilles d'analyse simplifiées, des formations clients ciblées ou l'adaptation progressive des états financiers aux enjeux ESG. L'étude met en lumière une reconfiguration du rôle de l'expert-comptable, de garant de la conformité financière vers partenaire de la transformation durable, en particulier dans les écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux marocains en transition. Abstract : The gradual generalization of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reporting, particularly through AMMC Circular No. 03/19, is engaging Moroccan companies, especially listed firms, in a dynamic process of transparency and sustainability. This regulatory development raises major challenges for accounting professions, notably chartered accountants, who are increasingly called upon to play a key role in supporting organizations in achieving compliance and structuring non-financial information. Based on a qualitative study conducted with fifteen Moroccan chartered accountants, relying on semi-structured interviews analysed through an inductive thematic analysis, this research examines perceptions, emerging practices, and the difficulties encountered in integrating ESG requirements into traditional audit and advisory missions. The findings reveal a growing awareness of the strategic importance of ESG criteria, alongside a lack of adequate training, appropriate tools, and formalized demand beyond listed companies. Nevertheless, some professionals are developing frugal innovation approaches to address these emerging needs, notably through the creation of simplified analytical frameworks, targeted client training, or the gradual adaptation of financial statements to ESG-related issues. The study highlights a reconfiguration of the chartered accountant's role, from a guarantor of financial compliance to a partner in sustainable transformation, particularly within Moroccan entrepreneurial ecosystems undergoing transition. |
| Keywords: | durabilité organisationnelle. JEL Classification : M41 Type du papier : Recherche empirique ESG reporting, chartered accountants, financial regulation, frugal innovation, organizational sustainability Classification JEL : M41, innovation frugale, réglementation financière, experts-comptables, Reporting ESG, Reporting ESG experts-comptables réglementation financière innovation frugale durabilité organisationnelle. JEL Classification : M41 Type du papier : Recherche empirique ESG reporting chartered accountants financial regulation frugal innovation organizational sustainability Classification JEL : M41 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05491857 |
| By: | Oscar Claveria (AQR-IREA, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Petar Soric (Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Croatia.) |
| Abstract: | Recent energy tensions caused by conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East have added to the pressure that global warming exerts for an energy transition towards low-carbon energy sources. This study combines two time series approaches with the aim of delving deeper into the relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth and to test the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, using information from 20 European countries between 2007 and 2021. Overall, the obtained results suggest the existence of a N-shaped nexus between emissions and income per capita. Additionally, we evaluated stability of this nexus and the potential existence of an asymmetric adjustment. In most countries we find asymmetries in the adjustment of emissions to positive and negative changes in income, but not so much in economic complexity. However, notable differences are observed between countries, which could be indicating their differentiated phase in the EKC curve. |
| Keywords: | Economic Growth; Economic Complexity; Environmental Degradation; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Europe. JEL classification: C38; C55; O44; Q20; Q50. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202519 |
| By: | Ricardo Martinez; Juan D. Moreno-Ternero |
| Abstract: | We study the design of fair allocation rules for the abatement of riparian pollution. To do so, we consider the so-called river pollution claims model, recently introduced by Yang et al. (2025) to distribute a budget of emissions permits among agents (cities, provinces, or countries) located along a river. In such a model, each agent has a claim reflecting population, emission history, and business-as-usual emissions, and the issue is to allocate among them a budget that is lower (or equal) than the aggregate claim. For environmental reasons, the specific location along the river where pollutants are emitted is an important concern (the more upstream the location is the higher the damage of polluting the river). We characterize a class of geometric rules that adjust proportional allocations to compromise between fairness and environmental concerns. Our class is an alternative to the one proposed by Yang et al. (2025). We compare both alternatives through an axiomatic study, as well as an illustration for the case study of the Tuojiang Basin in China. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.04345 |
| By: | Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Samuel Chibuzor Umeh; Faith Ani James; Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between climate change, macroeconomic variables and indigenous livestock production in Nigeria over the period 1981–2023 using fractional integration and multivariate regression methods. More specifically, it examines how temperature and precipitation anomalies, including their nonlinear (squared) effects, agricultural conditions and macroeconomic factors affect Total Indigenous Livestock Meat (TOLIM), Raw Milk of Cattle (RAMOC), and the combined value of Meat and Milk (TOVOMAMI). Climate variables enter the models in levels, while the other variables are first-differenced and log-transformed where appropriate, to ensure stationarity and balanced regressions. The specifications assuming white noise residuals suggest weak and largely statistically insignificant effects of the climate variables on livestock productivity, and also yield some slight evidence of an impact of macroeconomic factors. By contrast, when imposing an AR(1) specification on the error term, negative effects of permanent pasture and exchange rate depreciation on output values are found. These results suggest possible inefficiencies in land use and macroeconomic vulnerability in Nigeria’s indigenous livestock sector. and provide useful information for designing sustainable livestock adaptation policies in low-income economies. |
| Keywords: | Nigerian indigenous milk and meat production, climate change, fractional integration, multivariate regression |
| JEL: | C22 Q12 Q54 O13 Q18 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12566 |
| By: | Dennis Guignet; Linda Bui; Caroline Fehlman; Jennifer Runkle; Ron Shadbegian; Maggie Sugg; Sarah Ulrich |
| Abstract: | There is little known about the health effects from ambient levels of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), particularly in regard to maternal health. We help fill this gap by investigating whether pregnant women from diverse sociodemographic backgrounds face systematic differences in HAPs exposure, assess the impact of ambient HAP levels on gestational hypertension (GH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and determine whether historically underserved groups experience disproportionately more severe health effects at comparable exposure levels. We compile data on the population of pregnant women and singleton births in North Carolina from 2002-2016, and combine these data with a comprehensive, spatially explicit measure of ambient HAP concentrations. We estimate multivariate regression models that employ high-resolution fixed effects and an instrumental variables approach based on reported fugitive emissions to identify the plausibly causal effects of ambient HAP levels on maternal health. The results demonstrate that pregnant women from historically underserved subsets of the population face higher baseline risks of GH and GDM, and are exposed to greater levels of HAPs during pregnancy. We find evidence that a one percent increase in HAPs leads to a roughly 0.03% increase in the risks of GH and GDM, and examine heterogeneity in these health effects based on race, ethnicity, and proxies for income. Considering the average 31% reduction in ambient HAP concentrations during our study period, these results suggest a reduction of 61 to 68 statistical cases of GH in North Carolina each year, and a comparable decrease of 57 to 59 statistical cases of GDM. Our quantified estimates of the maternal health effects can be used to inform future policy decisions and demonstrate how HAPs exacerbate maternal health disparities. Key Words: air pollution; environmental justice; hazardous air pollution; HAP; maternal health; gestational hypertension; gestational diabetes mellitus |
| JEL: | I14 I18 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:26-03 |
| By: | Xie, Hua; Masso, Cargele |
| Abstract: | Water is a fundamental input for food production and is used extensively across all agricultural activities, including crop cultivation, livestock production, aquaculture, and food processing. Substantial investments have been made to expand water supply capacity for agriculture, which has made a significant contribution to agricultural production growth (FAO, 2021). At the same time, the intensive use of water in agriculture and related processes creates significant pressures on water resources and aquatic ecosystems. Water scarcity and pollution are among the major water-related challenges associated with global food production, which are directly relevant to SDG 6. |
| Keywords: | water management; food security; water |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:179405 |
| By: | Teresa Schäfer (Chemnitz University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the impact of the Swiss CO2 levy on residential heating energy demand and the associated CO2 emissions. Using the synthetic control method, the results show that the levy led to an average annual reduction in CO2 emissions of 6.5% during the post•treatment period (2008•2021), corresponding to a decrease of 0.1 metric tons of CO2 per capita per year. Furthermore, the empirically estimated price elasticities for heating oil indicate that the short•run elasticity for the retail price is •0.055, while the elasticity for the CO2 levy is •1.264, demonstrating that consumers respond more strongly to policy•induced price changes than to market•driven price changes. In the long run, these elasticities increase to •0.064 (retail price) and •1.471 (levy), highlighting that over time, households adjust their demand more significantly in response to sustained price changes. A similar pattern is observed for natural gas, with short•run elasticities of •0.261 (retail) and •0.623 (levy), increasing to •0.521 and •1.241, respectively, in the long run. These findings provide robust evidence that the Swiss CO2 levy is an effective instrument for reducing emissions in the residential heating sector. The results underline the importance of policy•induced price instruments and highlight the necessity of high levy rates to ensure a measurable impact on consumption behavior. |
| Keywords: | Carbon tax, Tax elasticity, Synthetic control method |
| JEL: | H23 Q41 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tch:wpaper:cep067 |
| By: | Matthan, Tanya |
| Abstract: | Refusing simple narratives that equate the state of climate action to the quantity of finance flowing in its name, Climate Finance shows that financial instruments and ideas are built on moral and political assumptions about what is valued, whose risks need protection, and who is responsible for redressing harm. Departing from both mainstream and critical approaches to climate finance, the authors neither take financial logics and dynamics to be inevitable and essential, nor dismiss its possibilities for real climate action. Instead, they investigate finance as a dynamic space of political contestation, in which unevenly situated actors envision, negotiate, and build diverse climate futures. In doing so, the book not only offers us vital tools and frameworks to understand what climate finance is and does. Rather, by recognizing the need for a multiplicity of strategies to address our planetary predicament, Climate Finance also pushes for a more expansive imagination of the possible in relation to the actual. |
| Keywords: | climate finance; justice; political contestation |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2026–03–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137325 |
| By: | RAHAL, Imene; KHALIFA, zayed |
| Abstract: | The Blue Economy represents a sustainable and integrated approach to the utilization of ocean and marine resources, aiming to foster economic growth, enhance human livelihoods, and preserve the health of marine ecosystems. As oceans play a critical role in global food security, transportation, energy production, and climate regulation, ensuring their sustainable management has become a global priority. In recent years, rapid advances in Information Technology (IT) have played a transformative role in reshaping how marine resources are monitored, managed, and utilized. Technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, satellite systems, and the Internet of Things enable real-time data collection, predictive modeling, and informed decision-making across marine sectors. This article explores the intersection between the Blue Economy and Information Technology by highlighting key digital tools, real-world applications, as well as the benefits and challenges associated with digital transformation. It argues that embracing digital innovation is essential for achieving a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive Blue Economy capable of addressing environmental pressures while supporting long-term economic development. |
| Keywords: | Blue Economy, Information Technology, Sustainable Development |
| JEL: | O3 |
| Date: | 2025–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127349 |
| By: | Rabah Arezki; Hieu Nguyen |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between (internal) armed conflict and sustainable development. Using annual panel data on 192 countries from 2000 to 2024, we employ a variety of econometric techniques to trace the impulse responses between conflict fatalities and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance in both directions. Results reveal a striking asymmetry: conflict shocks produce long-lasting adverse effects on SDG performance, while SDG performance shocks exert only transient effects on conflict intensity. This asymmetry persists across external and major conflict episodes, and is robust to alternative identification strategies. Our findings indicate that sustainable development is fundamentally contingent on prior achievement of peace. |
| Keywords: | conflict, development, sustainability, persistence |
| JEL: | O10 O43 D74 C33 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12544 |
| By: | Suarez, Ronny |
| Abstract: | This article synthesizes key adaptation and mitigation practices in rice farming through a Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) lens, with particular emphasis on water management, crop and soil management, nutrient and residue management, and integrated pest management. |
| Keywords: | mitigation, adaptation, rice, CSA |
| JEL: | Q10 |
| Date: | 2026–01–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127768 |
| By: | Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Walls, Margaret A. (Resources for the Future); DeAngeli, Emma (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | With increasing threats from sea level rise (SLR) and hurricanes, state and local governments in coastal areas face difficult adaptation decisions about infrastructure. Should they continue to build and maintain infrastructure to keep communities viable or forgo those expenditures and instead facilitate a managed retreat? We examine these questions in the context of sewer expansion to address the increasing risk of failure of onsite waste disposal (septic) systems, in the face of SLR. Using a spatial discontinuity design around the boundary of sewer service areas, we find that properties with sewer access are 30 percent higher in value per acre of lot size than those on septic, indicating a strong preference for extending sewer access as a solution to problems of failing septic systems. However, we also show that sewer access induces more development exposed to flooding and SLR. These findings highlight an important adaptation challenge for local policymakers: reducing the impacts of climate change on existing residents while not worsening exposure to risk in the future. |
| Date: | 2026–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-26-05 |
| By: | Douae Youbi (Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Fès, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès); Abdessamad Ouchen (Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion de Fès, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès) |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Sustainable finance has become an essential area of research as environmental and social challenges increasingly shape financial decision making. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a catalyst for innovation and forecasting processes. However, its integration into sustainable finance, particularly in the context of green finance, is still not fully understood. This study examines how research at the intersection of artificial intelligence and sustainable finance, green finance had evolved over time through a bibliometric analysis of 301 publications indexed in Web of science and Scopus between 1986 and 2025, Using the bibliometrix package in R and following PRISMA guidelines, this study examines publication trends, influential contributors, emerging research themes, and additional bibliometric indicators, including co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword co-occurrence analyses.. The results reveal a strong growth rate of 29, 39% with approximately 99% of publications produced between 2021 and 2025, highlighting the highly emergent and rapidly evolving nature of this research field, with particular attention to ESG assessment, risk analysis, and green finance applications. China, India, the United Kingdom, Malaysia, and the United States lead scientific production. The analysis further reveals a strongly collaborative research landscape, structured around distinct international co-authorship networks dominated by Asian and Western research hubs. Influential journals such as Sustainability, Energy Economics, and the International Review of Financial Analysis play a central role in shaping academic discussions. These findings point to important implications for financial institutions and policymakers, showing that artificial intelligence has the potential to improve transparency, enhance the credibility of green finance practices, and support more informed sustainability-oriented decision making. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Green Finance, Sustainable Finance, Bibliometric Analysis, PRISMA |
| Keywords: | Artificial Intelligence, Green Finance, Sustainable Finance, Bibliometric Analysis, PRISMA |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05504935 |
| By: | Utamawati, Herlina; Yusuf, Alia |
| Abstract: | Indonesia is abundant in the transition-critical mineral nickel. In 2020 the government banned exports of raw nickel to capitalise on its value at home and in global supply chains as it transitions to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. But the country also faces environmental and social trade-offs in the exploitation of this mineral. Lessons can be drawn from the Indonesian example in other countries facing similar resource and sustainable growth dilemmas. |
| JEL: | L81 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137796 |
| By: | Peng Hu'An (Guangxi Normal University); Fateh Saci (CHROME - Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) - Nîmes Université - UNIMES - Nîmes Université, UMay - Université de Mayotte (UMay)); Javid Iqbal (CUI - COMSATS University Islamabad); Mohamad Ahmad (LARGEPA - Laboratoire de recherche en sciences de gestion Panthéon-Assas - Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas); Wafa Ghardallou (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University); Ubaldo Comite (Giustino Fortunato University) |
| Abstract: | Amongst escalating environmental challenges, organizations are increasingly adopting leadership approaches that advance sustainability-oriented outcomes. This study investigates the influence of Green Servant Leadership (GSL) on Green Innovation (GI), emphasizing the mediating role of Tacit Green Knowledge (TK) and the moderating effect of Organizational Green Culture (OC). Drawing on empirical data collected from China's manufacturing sector and employing structural equation modeling via SmartPLS, the results demonstrate that GSL significantly fosters TK, which subsequently promotes GI. Furthermore, the moderation analysis indicates that OC positively strengthens the relationship between GSL and TK (β = 0.121, T = 3.562, p < 0.001), suggesting that the impact of green leadership on knowledge-sharing behaviors is amplified in organizations that cultivate a strong green culture. This moderated mediation effect implies that organizational culture not only enhances the dissemination of tacit green knowledge but also strengthens the indirect influence of leadership on innovation. |
| Keywords: | Moderated Mediation, Knowledge-Based, Organizational Green Culture, Green Innovation, Tacit Green Knowledge, Leadership |
| Date: | 2026–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05551357 |
| By: | Mohammad Mahabub Alam; Weifeng Larry Liu; Warwick McKibbin |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries. The government has proposed its National Adaptation Plan (NAP), which commits to annual investments of USD 8.5 billion in climate-resilient infrastructure through 2050. This paper assesses the macroeconomic and fiscal impacts of this investment and examines alternative financing strategies using a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium G-Cubed model. This analysis first constructs a scenario in which climate damages accumulate without investment in adaptation, and then simulates scenarios in which the government undertakes NAP investment, financed through concessional external financing, commercial borrowing, or domestic taxation. The results indicate that climate adaptation yields net macroeconomic benefits by reducing or even offsetting climate-related output losses. Concessional external financing yields the most favourable outcomes, while commercial borrowing remains a viable alternative despite higher financing costs and exchange-rate pressures; a tax-financed adaptation yields smaller gains due to contractionary demand effects. Sectoral results indicate that the durable manufacturing and service sectors benefit the most, while non-durable manufacturing and agriculture primarily gain through avoided losses rather than expansion. Overall, the findings underscore climate adaptation as a macro-critical policy for Bangladesh and highlight the importance of financing choices in enhancing economic resilience. |
| Keywords: | climate adaptation, climate financing, macroeconomic impacts, fiscal impacts, G-Cubed, Bangladesh |
| JEL: | H31 H32 H54 C67 C68 E62 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2026-20 |
| By: | Mari SHIMIZU |
| Abstract: | This matter concerns the EU's measures to set a cap on the proportion of food and feed crops-based biofuels that can count towards their renewable energy consumption target, as part of its climate change measures, based on the risk of indirect land use change (ILUC) associated with these feedstocks. Specifically, palm oil-based biofuels are classified as having a high ILUC risk, which subjects them to a stricter cap and a phase-out obligation. Malaysia and Indonesia, as palm oil-producers, filed a complaint against these measures through the WTO dispute settlement procedure. In analyzing TBT Agreement Articles 2.1 and 2.2 and the GATT non-discrimination principle and Article XX, the Panel emphasized the global nature of climate change measures in providing an affirmative assessment of the legitimacy of policy objective relating to climate change and the contribution of these measures to that objective. The Panel applied a standard of review focused on whether the regulatory distinctions and their application had a reasonable basis, and found a reasonable basis for various core elements of the measures at issue, not requiring a quantitative or strict causal link between the EU demand and ILUC-related GHG emission, and concluded that they were not inconsistent with the relevant provisions. These findings effectively reduce the likelihood that future climate change measures will be found inconsistent with these rules, provided that the implementing country can demonstrate some rational basis. Conversely, the Panel did find inconsistencies regarding delays in establishing implementing rules and updating underlying data, which is expected to constrain the EU's various regulations which are prone to such implementation delays. The Panel also made notable findings on the "technical regulation" requirement under the TBT Agreement, as well as on the requirements of "financial contribution", "income support", and "serious prejudice" under the Subsidies Agreement with regard to a relevant French tax measure. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rpdpjp:26003 |
| By: | Atilano, Lesley Ann; Valerio, Aldrin; Moreno, Frede |
| Abstract: | Decentralization reforms assign extensive environmental governance responsibilities to local governments across the Global South, yet environmental outcomes remain uneven. This article examines how state capacity constraints shape decentralized environmental governance in Zamboanga City, a highly urbanized coastal city in the southern Philippines. The study situates the Philippine Local Government Code within broader debates on decentralization, multilevel governance, and local state capacity. Using qualitative process tracing supported by administrative, fiscal, and enforcement data from 2015–2023, the article analyzes three policy domains: solid waste management, coastal resource management, and urban watershed protection. Findings show that formal authority decentralizes faster than administrative capacity, fiscal autonomy, and enforcement power. Political incentives, intergovernmental fragmentation, and uneven technical capacity produce sectoral variation in governance performance. The study identifies policy innovations that emerge under constraint, including interlocal cooperation, hybrid enforcement arrangements, and civil society co-production. The article contributes to environmental governance scholarship by demonstrating how decentralized systems operate under persistent capacity gaps and by offering a framework for assessing policy performance in constrained local states. |
| Keywords: | decentralization; environmental governance; state capacity; local government; Philippines; coastal cities |
| JEL: | H00 H10 H11 H12 H19 H30 H32 H39 H40 H49 H50 H53 H70 H71 H72 H76 H79 H80 H84 H89 O20 O23 O38 Q0 Q00 Q01 Q20 Q28 Q29 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127630 |
| By: | Lynn van Raalte (Department of Applied Economics, Public Policies Section (OAP- GiM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Jordi J. Teixidó (Department of Applied Economics, Public Policies Section (OAP- GiM), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal impact of municipal property tax exemptions on the adoption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Catalonia. Using a balanced monthly panel of municipalities from 2015 to 2022, we employ a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework with staggered policy implementation. The exemption increased installed PV capacity by 36% and led to roughly one additional installation per treated municipality per month. Focusing on residential installations, we find that 80% of the tax exempt installations would have occurred even without the policy, implying an implicit abatement cost of €142 per tonne of CO2. Heterogeneity analysis shows limited variation across structural and socioeconomic contexts. Overall, the policy was moderately effective but only partially efficient, suggesting that more targeted design could enhance its cost-effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | Solar PV Adoption; Property Tax Exemption; Causal Inference; Staggered Difference-in-Differences; Municipal Climate policy; Catalonia. JEL classification: Q42; H23; Q48; C21. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202605 |
| By: | Dardati, Evangelina; Laurent, Thibault; Margaretic, Paula; Paredes, Ean; Thomas-Agnan, Christine |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the role of climate variables in predicting international migration by proposing two alternative modeling approaches: scalar-on-composition and scalar-on-density regressions. We compare them with the standard scalar-on-scalar approach. Although most studies rely on annual averages of daily temperatures, focusing solely on central measures can mask essential details, such as nonlinearities and threshold effects. Using the full temperature distribution, either by binning or smoothing, the proposed models achieve improved predictive performance out-of-sample. These gains highlight the importance of properly handling the compositional nature of daily temperature bin data to avoid misleading interpretation of the estimates and flawed inferences. Finally, we demonstrate how incorporating complete temperature distributions into alternative climate scenarios can substantially affect projected outmigration. |
| Keywords: | compositional data; temperature; migration projections; climate change |
| JEL: | C25 C46 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:131610 |
| By: | Andersson, Malin; Battistini, Niccolò; Bobasu, Alina |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the short-term macroeconomic and sectoral effects of extreme weather events in Germany, France, Italy, and Spain. We construct novel indicators of extreme temperature and precipitation based on percentile thresholds of long-run historical distributions and estimate their impact through country-specific structural Bayesian VAR models. The analysis documents sizable and heterogeneous effects on real GDP, HICP, and sectoral activity over a one-year horizon. Temperature extremes primarily affect industrial and energy-related sectors, with Germany exhibiting the strongest vulnerability to heatwaves. Precipitation extremes mainly impact construction and mining, with Spain featuring the largest exposure to floods and droughts. Sectoral composition plays a key role in shaping transmission, with pharmaceuticals, electricity, construction, and mining displaying distinct and recurrent patterns. Given their impact on prices, extreme weather event shocks may exert inflationary pressures without hurting activity, or induce demand-type of effects on the overall economy, with different effects across countries. JEL Classification: E23, E32, Q54, R11 |
| Keywords: | extreme weather events, sectoral output, short-term risks, structural BVAR |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263203 |
| By: | Steinhuebel-Rasheed, Linda; Darwish, Maram; Ecker, Olivier |
| Abstract: | Rural households in many low- and middle-income countries remain highly dependent on agriculture and related value chain activities, making them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As rising temperatures and increasing climate variability reduce agricultural productivity and income stability, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly promoted as a path toward rural development and the transformation of the agrifood systems (AFS). Yet, little is known about whether climate change influences rural households’ decision to start an enterprise to diversify or switch their income sources away from agriculture-related activities in order to adapt to weather risks. We address this research gap by drawing from nationally representative data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2023 and estimating a dynamic duration model to explore how heat stress is linked to households’ likelihood to start a (nonfarm) SME. Our findings offer new evidence for climate-responsive rural policy and SME support strategies in vulnerable regions. |
| Keywords: | small and medium enterprises; development; climate change; climate change adaptation; food systems; agrifood systems; heat stress; dynamic models; modelling; Egypt; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:180550 |
| By: | Aung, Zin Wai; Minten, Bart |
| Abstract: | We analyze paddy rice productivity and profitability for the 2024 and 2025 dry seasons, using data from the Myanmar Agriculture Performance Survey (MAPS), conducted between August 11 to October 26, 2025. The survey covered plots managed by 872 paddy producers. |
| Keywords: | productivity; extreme weather events; dry season; monsoon climate; rice; Myanmar; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:178419 |
| By: | Steinhuebel-Rasheed, Linda; Darwish, Maram; Ecker, Olivier |
| Abstract: | Rural households in many low- and middle-income countries remain highly dependent on agriculture and related value chain activities, making them particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. As rising temperatures and increasing climate variability reduce agricultural productivity and income stability, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly promoted as a path toward rural development and the transformation of the agrifood systems (AFS). Yet, little is known about whether climate change influences rural households’ decision to start an enterprise to diversify or switch their income sources away from agriculture-related activities in order to adapt to weather risks. We address this research gap by drawing from nationally representative data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2023 and estimating a dynamic duration model to explore how heat stress is linked to households’ likelihood to start a (nonfarm) SME. Our findings offer new evidence for climate-responsive rural policy and SME support strategies in vulnerable regions. |
| Keywords: | small and medium enterprises; development; climate change; climate change adaptation; food systems; agrifood systems; heat stress; dynamic models; modelling; Egypt; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:180550 |
| By: | Adrian Fernandez-Perez (Department of Banking and Finance, Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School, University College of Dublin, Ireland.); Marta Gómez-Puig (Department of Economics and Riskcenter, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Simón Sosvilla-Rivero (Complutense Institute for Economic Analysis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of extreme temperatures on housing price dynamics in Spain, considering both direct and indirect effects across geographic space. Using panel data at the provincial level and a spatial econometric model, we find that an increase in the number of days with maximum temperatures exceeding 35 °C (95ºF) over the past year is significantly associated with a decline in both sale and rental prices within the affected province. However, we also identify a positive indirect effect on housing markets in more distant provinces, particularly in the rental sector, consistent with a pattern of temperature-induced house price premium in cooler regions. A central methodological contribution of this paper is the use of spatial econometric techniques to detect and quantify these spillover effects. By explicitly modelling spatial dependence, we can disentangle local impacts from broader geographic transmission mechanisms, revealing how climate stressors reshape housing demand across regions. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating climate-related factors into real estate market analysis and the design of adaptation policies. |
| Keywords: | Extreme Heat Temperature; Housing Prices; Spatial Econometrics; Environmental Economics. JEL classification: C23; Q54; R14; R21; R31. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202516 |
| By: | Álvaro Fernández-Gallardo (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Evi Pappa (UC3M AND CEPR) |
| Abstract: | Using a novel dataset on U.S. natural disasters and high-frequency measures of economic activity, we evaluate the effectiveness of federal disaster assistance. Exploiting quasi-random variation in whether aid from the Federal Emergency Management Agency is granted or denied, we compare otherwise similar events. States receiving aid recover within 20 weeks, whereas denied states face deeper and more persistent contractions. Recovery is stronger when aid is timely and generous, and includes direct transfers. Pre-disaster mitigation lowers future disaster frequency and costs, while stronger fiscal capacity enhances resilience by enabling governments to sustain post-disaster recovery. |
| Keywords: | disaster relief (FEMA), post-disaster economic recovery, fiscal preparedness, disaster mitigation |
| JEL: | H84 Q54 E62 H72 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2612 |
| By: | Pantelis Kalaitzidakis (Department of Economics, University of Crete, Greece); Vangelis Tzouvelekas (Department of Economics, University of Crete, Greece) |
| Abstract: | Pesticide use generates dynamic externalities through resistance, health, and environmental channels, complicating the design of optimal regulation. We develop a dynamic framework in which pesticide use, resistance, and damages are jointly determined under a balanced-budget constraint. Resistance affects policy through two margins: it raises marginal external damages by amplifying effective exposure, but also reduces pesticide use, shrinking the fiscal base for intervention. This interaction creates a state-dependent gap between the Pigouvian benchmark and the constrained-efficient policy, which we term fiscal attenuation. We characterize the optimal tax-subsidy system and show that resistance both strengthens the case for taxation and shifts implementation toward non-chemical control. Simulations quantify the nonlinear interaction between resistance dynamics and fiscal capacity, highlighting the joint role of evolving damages and fiscal constraints in optimal environmental poli |
| Keywords: | pesticide regulation; resistance dynamics; environmental externalities; fiscal constraints; second-best policy; dynamic optimization |
| JEL: | Q12 Q18 Q28 D62 C61 |
| Date: | 2026–03–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crt:wpaper:2604 |
| By: | Lancine Doumbouya (BCI - BALIMANA-CONSULTING AND INVESTMENT) |
| Abstract: | TRANSITION ÉNERGÉTIQUE ET INDUSTRIALISATION DURABLE : DÉFIS ET OPPORTUNITÉS |
| Keywords: | Efficacité énergétique., Sécurité énergétique, Développement économique, Énergies renouvelables, Industrialisation durable, Transition énergétique |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05490566 |
| By: | Lucas D. Konrad; Lukas Vashold; Jesus Crespo Cuaresma |
| Abstract: | Structural break identification methods are an important tool for evaluating the effectiveness of climate change mitigation policies. In this paper, we introduce a unified probabilistic framework for detecting structural breaks with unknown timing and arbitrary sequence in longitudinal data. The proposed Bayesian setup uses indicator-saturated regression and a spike-and-slab prior with an inverse-moment density as the slab component to ensure model selection consistency. Simulation results show that the method outperforms comparable frequentist approaches, particularly in environments with a high probability of structural breaks. We apply the framework to identify and evaluate the effects of climate policies in the European road transport sector. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.04997 |
| By: | Vespignani, Joaquin (Tasmanian School of Business & Economics, University of Tasmania); Smyth, Russell (Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia); Saadaoui, Jamel (University Paris 8, IEE, LED, Saint-Denis, Franc); Wang, Yitian (Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia) |
| Abstract: | We develop novel, stage-specific, geopolitical risk indicators to examine how geopolitical risk is distributed across the supply-chain for lithium and copper, two minerals which are vital for low-carbon technologies. We find that refining is the geopolitical bottleneck for both minerals, reflecting that refining capacity is highly concentrated in China. We examine refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and AI-driven productivity gains as complementary policy instruments for mitigating exposure to geopolitical risk at the refining stage. We show that reducing China’s refining share substantially lowers refining-stage geopolitical risk, with larger gains for lithium than for copper. We find that stockpiling plays a critical role in buffering near-term geopolitical shocks, but significantly increases the projected shortfall in copper and lithium which is needed to realize the clean energy transition under alternative Net Zero pathways. We demonstrate that AI-driven productivity gains will be needed to narrow the projected supply gaps for both minerals. Our results suggest that ensuring effective security of critical minerals requires a coordinated policy mix, combining refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and productivity-enhancing technological change |
| Keywords: | Critical Minerals; Copper; Lithium; Geopolitical Risk; Refining bottlenecks; |
| JEL: | C14 Q20 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tas:wpaper:62814634 |
| By: | Salvatore Viola (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; AQR-IREA, Spain.); Ernest Miguelez (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; AQR-IREA, Spain.); Rosina Moreno (Department of Econometrics, Statistics and Applied Economics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; AQR-IREA, Spain.); Davide Consoli (INGENIO, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; CSIC-UPV, Spain); François Perruchas (Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | One important factor in addressing climate change is the development and deployment of environmental-related, or green, technologies (GT). Environmental-related technologies are distinct, requiring specific conditions to be developed which vary depending on their relative level of technological maturity. Recent studies have focused on the role of migrant inventors in creating these conditions and spurring regional diversification into new technological domains. Regional diversification helps regions avoid lock-in and even escape fossil fuel dependencies. While the contribution of migrants to science and innovation is well documented, less attention has been given to migrants and diversification, especially in the case of GT and along the technological life cycle. In this study, we investigate the role of US-based migrant inventors in regional GT diversification using patent data from the USPTO between the year 1990 and 2012. We find that migrant inventors are positively associated with regional GT diversification, partly as a result of their previous patenting experience as well as the specializations of their countries of origin. With regard to the technological life cycle, while geographically diffused technologies rely on corresponding inventor experience, emergent technological diversification benefits from inventors from specialized countries. These findings highlight the bridging role that migrant inventors in international knowledge transfer and their importance in regional diversification in particular environmental-related technologies. |
| Keywords: | Regional Diversification; Green Technology; Immigration; Technological Life Cycle. JEL classification: O33; Q55; J61; R11. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202517 |
| By: | Anienwe, Prince; Bhattarai, Keshab |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the long-term equilibrium relationships between Norway's carbon tax policy and key macroeconomic indicators using Johansen cointegration analysis and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The findings show that Norway's carbon tax raises inflation and lowers investment over time, but does not impact GDP. These findings, based on cointegration and VECM analysis of carbon tax, GDP, investment, and inflation from 1995 to 2023, enhance understanding of how carbon taxes affect Norway's macroeconomy. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Tax, Cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model, GDP, Inflation, Investment. |
| JEL: | C22 E22 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–01–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127742 |
| By: | Barbour, Elisa PhD; Gordon-Feierabend, Lev; Kaeppelin, Francois |
| Abstract: | Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a strategy that promotes building housing, shops, offices, and other destinations near public transit stations. TOD is compact and walkable, supports public transit use, reduces car dependency, and can help lower greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing the number of miles people drive. California has adopted many policies in recent years– at the state, regional, and local levels– to encourage TOD as part of its broader climate and housing goals. At the same time, the state faces a housing affordability crisis. In the past seven years, state lawmakers have passed more than 100 bills aimed at increasing housing production, particularly in areas near public transit. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0qb0k3hr |
| By: | Fabio Artuso; Julian L. Clarke; Lionel Fontagné; Mahdi Ghodsi (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Gianluca Santoni |
| Abstract: | Non-tariff measures (NTMs), especially sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBTs), have become crucial components of climate, industrial, and regulatory policy, impacting the majority of global trade. However, quantifying their effects on trade is challenging because NTMs are usually non-discriminatory and challenging to identify in standard gravity frameworks. Using a multi-stage structural gravity estimation strategy combined with a control-function correction for endogeneity, we estimate the trade elasticities and ad valorem equivalents of NTMs at the HS6 level for over 5, 000 products. Our results reveal significant heterogeneity in NTM trade costs, especially in environmentally relevant sectors, such as clean technologies and electric vehicles. These estimates can inform regulatory impact assessments and general-equilibrium analyses of climate-aligned trade policies. |
| Keywords: | Non-tariff measures: Ad valorem equivalents; Environmental goods; Critical minerals |
| JEL: | F14 F13 F18 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:wpaper:273 |
| By: | Piseddu, Elisa; Brodeur, Abel; Rose, Julian; Sievert, Maximiliane; Ankel-Peters, Jörg |
| Abstract: | Döbbeling-Hildebrandt et al. (2024, DH2024) conduct a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of carbon pricing. DH2024's abstract concludes that 17 of 21 schemes evaluated in the literature produced substantial emissions reductions. A subsequent press release was headed: "Carbon pricing works". This comment revisits the meta-analysis and examines whether its empirical evidence supports the claims made in DH2024's abstract and, notably, the press release. We use DH2024's own approach of accounting for statistical power and potentially biased causal inference in the underlying studies. We show that when these criteria are applied simultaneously and conservatively - which we argue they should be - only nine effective schemes remain, eight in China and one regional US scheme. We emphasize that statistical power is a major issue in most carbon pricing evaluations, because most carbon prices are very low, leading to weak signal-to-noise ratios. We conclude that DH2024's policy implications and its press release therefore cannot be squared with its evidence base. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:283 |
| By: | Kekezi, Ana |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and small and medium enterprise (SME) development in Albania, assessing how national policies and donor-supported initiatives to the business ecosystem contribute to reducing inequality and fostering inclusive growth. The study adopts a participatory multiple-case design within a mixed-methods framework. It triangulates national and regional policy documents, official SME performance indicators, and longitudinal field evidence collected through more than ten visits, interviews, and direct observations with each of the thirteen SMEs across a six-month period in three neighbouring municipalities of Albania. Results show partial alignment between SDG priorities and SME policies. Firms demonstrate tangible improvements in workplace organisation, innovation capacity, and gender participation, though systemic constraints limited finance, technological adoption, and rural inclusion persist. . The study is based on extensive field engagement, including more than ten visits, interviews, and direct observations for each of the thirteen SMEs over a six-month period, complemented by national policy and statistical analysis. While these longitudinal observations provide rich qualitative depth and triangulated validity, the research does not aim to establish causal relationships or statistical generalisation beyond the observed sample. Strengthening SME access to finance, digitalisation, and capacity development can advance inclusive economic growth. Social implications. Enterprise upgrading contributes to regional cohesion, household income stability, and women’s participation in the labour market. This paper provides field-verified evidence on how Albania’s SMEs operationalise SDG 8 (Decent Work), SDG 9 (Industry and Innovation), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), offering insight into sustainable industrialisation in a transition economy. |
| Keywords: | SME; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Business ecosystem; Albania; Transition economies |
| JEL: | L26 O17 O25 Q13 |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127693 |
| By: | Upasa Borah (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Akshay Jaitly (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Renuka Sane (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses data on electricity projects from the CapEx database maintained by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) and estimates that India is likely to fall short of the optimal capacity requirement identified by the Central Electricity Authority for 2030. The shortfall stems from delays in the implementation and completion of projects. The paper finds that 30% of conventional and 39% of renewable energy projects ever announced have been completed, accounting for 15% and 9% of the total announced capacity, respectively, highlighting the difficulty in completing large-scale projects. Completion timelines are shorter for privately developed renewable and conventional projects, with the top 50 renewable energy developers outperforming others. Completion outcomes also differ by energy type, with solar and wind projects having the lowest completion timelines and the highest completion rates. These findings highlight the need for more targeted policy designs that account for the impact of these factors on project timelines, to ensure that the planned capacity translates into actual electricity supply needed to meet India's future demands. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjd:wpaper:18 |
| By: | Ralf Martin; Arjun Shah; Anna Valero; Dennis Verhoeven |
| Abstract: | Quantifying spillovers from scientific knowledge to technology is important for understanding the social returns to science and for designing policy. A key challenge is how to credit scientific work with the value generated in downstream technologies when ideas diffuse through chains of follow-on research. We propose a new measure - Science Rank - that uses the combined patent and paper citation network to assign a share of the private value of patented inventions to the scientific papers they directly or indirectly rely on. Validated against various types of scientific awards, the measure substantially outperforms direct patent-to-paper citation counts in identifying influential science. We document large heterogeneity in spillovers across countries, disciplines, and institutions. The US emerges from our analysis as a powerhouse of science spillovers, benefiting both domestic and foreign technology development. We apply our methodology to examine how different countries and individual institutions contribute to innovation that addresses global challenges such as climate change or more equal economic development. We find that a relatively large share of the total value generated by research in Lower and Middle Income Country (LMIC) feeds into climate change related innovation. We also highlight countries and institutions that are making particular contributions to LMIC innovation. |
| Keywords: | Technological change, growth, patents, spillovers, climate change, economic development |
| Date: | 2026–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2165 |
| By: | Murphy, Mike; Hoffmann, Vivian; Ambler, Kate; Ha Thi Thanh Nguyen; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Unger, Fred; Bett, Bernard K. |
| Abstract: | Vietnam is a global hotspot for wildlife trade and farming, with thousands of licensed operations raising species such as civets, porcupines, bamboo rats, snakes, and wild boar for meat, traditional medicine, and the exotic pet trade (Van Thu et al., 2023). The sector poses significant public health risks due to the potential for transmission of novel zoonotic diseases (Latinne & Padungtod, 2025). Understanding the economics of this sector is critical to developing effective policy for managing and de-risking wildlife sup-ply chains but data is scarce, typically based on small sample sizes and limited study sites (Thuy et al., 2021). This note provides descriptive statistics regarding the economics of wildlife farming in two provinces of Vietnam, based on a survey of wildlife farming households. |
| Keywords: | economic aspects; wildlife; wild animals; trade in species; useful animals; zoonoses; supply chains; Vietnam; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:178945 |
| By: | Hassan, Ganna; Tarek, Abdallah |
| Abstract: | This policy note summarizes presentations and discussion shared during the workshop held in Cairo on May 25th 2025, as part of the Bridging Evidence and Policy (BEP) seminar series, a collaborative initiative by the Egyptian Food Bank (EFB), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development (SFSD) which brings together researchers, policymakers, and development practitioners. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate-smart agriculture; early warning systems; policies; Egypt; Northern Africa; Middle East |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:179367 |
| By: | Tjantana Barro (University of Konstanz); Michal Marencak (National Bank of Slovakia); Giang Nghiem (Leibniz University Hannover) |
| Abstract: | We provide causal evidence that the economic framing of a structural policy changes households’ macroeconomic expectations. In a randomized survey experiment in the Bundesbank Online Panel of Households, all participants first read an identical neutral primer about climate policy measures and are then randomly assigned to receive no further text or an additional narrative interpreting the policy primarily as a negative demand or supply shock. Both narratives reduce expected growth. However, only the supply-shock framing raises inflation expectations, while the demand-shock framing does not reduce them—contrary to a simple demand-channel benchmark. These findings suggest that communication that makes different macro channels salient can materially shape expectations, with implications for economic policy communication during structural transitions. |
| JEL: | C33 D84 E31 E52 Q4 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1138 |
| By: | Siyi Lu; Ilan Noy; Daithi Stone |
| Abstract: | Extreme heat is increasing in frequency and intensity, with disproportionate risks for clinically and socially vulnerable groups. This paper identifies the relationship between acute heat and mortality in Aotearoa New Zealand. To estimate same-day heat-mortality associations, we link weather-station observation data to national administrative mortality records for all deceased individuals. Both wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and air temperature (daily mean, maximum, minimum) were used to estimate same-day effects using time-stratified case-crossover models with month×weekday strata for four samples: all-cause or only non-injury mortality, and full year or only warm season mortality. We additionally examine discrete exposure bins, distributed lag non-linear curves (lags 0–7), and heterogeneity by location, sex, and age. Across daily summaries, the mean series of both variables yields the largest effect: over the full year, all-cause mortality rises by 0.44% per +1 °C for WBGT (mean) versus 0.39% per +1 °C for Temperature (mean). Similar results are identified for non-injury mortality. Warm season effects are larger: all-cause mortality increases by about 0.57% per 1 °C in mean WBGT, versus 0.51% per 1 °C in mean air temperature. Across samples, WBGT estimates are generally larger than temperature-only measures. A simple scaling using average death counts suggests that a uniform +1 °C increase in mean WBGT would correspond to approximately 140 additional all-cause deaths and 110 non-injury deaths per year, and about 85 and 70 extra deaths per warm season, respectively. |
| Keywords: | extreme heat, Wet-Bulb temperature, mortality risk, time-stratified case-crossover |
| JEL: | Q54 I10 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12549 |
| By: | Oriol Tubella-Domingo (Departament d’Econometria, Estadística i Economia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Luis Ortiz-Gracia (RISKCenter, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Economia Aplicada (IREA), Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | In this work, we consider the problem of computing risk measures of a credit portfolio via the evaluation of the characteristic function of the loss variable. We propose a new methodology to obtain the characteristic function of the loss distribution when the dependence structure is driven by either the Gaussian or t-copula model. This new approach relies on a quadrature method based on Shannon wavelets and the cardinal sine function. It works out extremely well for the one-factor and the multi-factor model when, in the second case, a moderate number of risk factors are considered. Then, we compare with some of the state-of-the-art methods to perform the same task, and we get much better results in terms of execution time and accuray. As quadrature methods are affected by the curse of dimensionality, we further introduce a simulation approach to evaluate the characteristic function in the case of multi-factor models with many risk factors. The simulation is based on lowdiscrepancy Monte Carlo sequences. A broad set of numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of our methodology. We conclude our work with a real portfolio where the exposures are taken from the European Investment Bank, and we incorporate climate change-related factors into the analysis. This study highlights the practical relevance of our methodology for assessing credit risk in portfolios exposed to emerging environmental challenges. |
| Keywords: | Credit Risk; Multi-factor Models; Gaussian Copula; T-Copula; Climate Change; Shannonwavelets. JEL classification: |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202515 |
| By: | Liu, Junxi (University of Warwick); Pi, Shaoting (Iowa State University); Wang, Ao (Universioty of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Shareholder support for environmental and social (ES) proposals increased by more than 50% between 2010 and 2020, yet the content of such proposals can vary substantially. We first document that there has been a large retreat in big-ask proposals (e.g., demanding operational changes for firms). The big-ask proposals fell from about 40% of ES ballots to roughly 5%, being replaced by small-ask proposals (e.g., requesting additional disclosure), and the increase in overall support rate is driven by favorable votes on small asks compared to big asks. However, we caution against interpreting these trends as greenwashing. Investigating both sides of shareholder democracy (proponents and voters), we develop and estimate a structural model in which ES proponents choose a portfolio of proposal types, anticipating vote outcomes. The model captures a feedback: changes in voting reshape the mix of sponsored proposals, and that mix, in turn, shapes observed support rates. Counterfactuals based on resubmission-style benchmarks suggest that the early part of the decade featured an oversupply of big-ask proposals and a moderate undersupply of small-ask proposals; the subsequent decline in big asks reflects an equilibrium correction toward small asks that are expected to receive meaningful support to generate incremental progress in ES. Therefore, the correction, along with growing voter support, suggests a shift towards a more pragmatic approach to ES issues rather than greenwashing. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance ; ESG, Shareholder Voting ; Shareholder Proposals ; Socially Responsible Investing ; Sustainability JEL codes: G12 ; G14 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1607 |
| By: | Liu, Junxi (University of Warwick); Pi, Shaoting (Iowa State University); Wang, Ao (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Shareholder support for environmental and social (ES) proposals increased by more than 50% between 2010 and 2020, yet the content of such proposals can vary substantially. We first document that there has been a large retreat in big-ask proposals (e.g., demanding operational changes for firms). The big-ask proposals fell from about 40% of ES ballots to roughly 5%, being replaced by small-ask proposals (e.g., requesting additional disclosure), and the increase in overall support rate is driven by favorable votes on small asks compared to big asks. However, we caution against interpreting these trends as greenwashing. Investigating both sides of shareholder democracy (proponents and voters), we develop and estimate a structural model in which ES proponents choose a portfolio of proposal types, anticipating vote outcomes. The model captures a feedback: changes in voting reshape the mix of sponsored proposals, and that mix, in turn, shapes observed support rates. Counterfactuals based on resubmission-style benchmarks suggest that the early part of the decade featured an oversupply of big-ask proposals and a moderate undersupply of small-ask proposals; the subsequent decline in big asks reflects an equilibrium correction toward small asks that are expected to receive meaningful support to generate incremental progress in ES. Therefore, the correction, along with growing voter support, suggests a shift towards a more pragmatic approach to ES issues rather than greenwashing. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance, ESG, Shareholder Voting, Shareholder Proposals, Socially Responsible Investing, Sustainability JEL Classification: G12, G14 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:798 |
| By: | Bäcker-Peral, Verónica; Hazell, Joe; Mian, Atif |
| Abstract: | Each month, a fraction of UK property leases are extended by 90 years or more. We construct a new dataset using thousands of these natural experiments since 2000 and estimate the expected long-term housing yield, y*. After remaining steady at around 5 percent, y* starts to decline when the Great Recession hits and reaches a low of 2.7 percent in 2024. The decline is steeper in inelastic markets, while y* remains higher in regions more exposed to long-run climate risk. Our estimate of y* is updated in real time using public data. |
| JEL: | E32 G12 Q54 R31 R38 |
| Date: | 2026–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129062 |
| By: | Germà Bel (IREA-UB & Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.); Joël Bühler (IREA-UB & Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | Governments around the globe are considering taking back direct control as an option to reform privatized public services, particularly on the local level. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that remunicipalization of urban water leads to price reductions of about 3-6 cents per cubic meter in larger municipalities, but the effect does not extend to smaller municipalities. Given our finding of unchanged water usage, these reductions in large municipalities translate directly to consumers’ bills. As remunicipalization typically happens when a contract with a private firm expires, we investigate whether the threat of competition or remunicipalization arising from expiring contracts itself also leads to price reductions. After contract expiry without remunicipalization, water prices decline by 2-3 cents per cubic meter. Thus, while remunicipalization reduces prices particularly in larger municipalities, threats at contract expiry have a smaller, but more uniform price effect. |
| Keywords: | Remunicipalization; Urban Water; Prices; Privatization; Public Services. JEL classification: H13; H41; H70; L95. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202603 |
| By: | Thomas Webb; Arthur Apostel; Milena B\"uchs; Richard B\"arnthaler |
| Abstract: | Wealth taxes are a frequently proposed policy within the post-growth literature, but evaluations of their alignment with post-growth goals, and empirical estimates of their potential effects, are lacking. We contribute to this literature by examining the extent to which different wealth-tax designs can contribute to four goals of a post-growth transition: redistributing wealth; eradicating extreme wealth; curbing rent-seeking; and reducing CO2 emissions. The analysis is based on microsimulation modelling, using household-level data from 18 countries of the 2017 EU Household Finance and Consumption Survey. Our analysis finds that taxes on net wealth are the most progressive and redistributive, while taxes on financial and investment property wealth tend to be more effective at addressing rent-seeking. However, we also identify trade-offs and conflicts between different tax designs and goals. As a result, a broader package of policies will be necessary to navigate these conflicts and mitigate the limitations inherent in any single wealth-tax design. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.17786 |
| By: | Marina Dodlova; Justyna Jantos; Krisztina Kis-Katos; Anna Kochanova |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of floods on regional import dynamics in South Africa. Floods can disrupt firms' production activities and thereby hinder their participation in import markets. At the same time, firms may increase imports to compensate for disruptions in domestic supply networks. We study these opposing adjustment mechanisms using administrative firm-level data combined with detailed customs transactions records from South Africa. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Flood, Import, Customs data, South Africa |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2026-28 |
| By: | Wenjing Zhang; Ling Sun; Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the dynamic interactions among global economic policy uncertainty, food prices, and maritime freight rates, focusing on changes in the global food landscape since China's WTO official accession. Using a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR-SV), it analyzes the impacts of economic policy changes, environmental policy, geopolitical risks, and global public health events on food and transportation markets. Additionally, it explores how fluctuations in maritime freight rates may affect food prices and, consequently, global economic development. Finally, the paper offers recommendations for food import and export countries to enhance food security and promote sustainable development in food transport firms. |
| Keywords: | global economic policy uncertainty, food market, food maritime transport, TVP-VAR-SV, food security |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05137663 |
| By: | Patricia Agyapong |
| Abstract: | In 2007, Kosmos Energy and Tullow Oil found Ghana’s most significant column of high-grade offshore oil and gas. In this paper, I use geocoded household data to examine the socio-economic effects of this oil and gas discovery on the local communities. I conduct two quasi-experimental analysis and find that oil and gas discovery increased real income for households close to the fields, with the benefits being larger for households in districts with a high proportion of skilled workers and limited to non-poor districts. However, there is no apparent effect on employment, total consumption expenditure and poverty. |
| Keywords: | natural resources; oil and gas; local economic impacts; household welfare; spatial difference-in-differences; Ghana |
| JEL: | Q33 O13 R11 D31 C21 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2026-02 |
| By: | Elsa Bou Gebrael (American University of Beirut, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Industrial Engineering and Management Department Beirut, Lebanon); Majd Olleik (American University of Beirut, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Industrial Engineering and Management Department Beirut, Lebanon); Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard (Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Energy Systems and Electrical Drives, Energy Economics Group) |
| Abstract: | In many low-income countries, neighborhood diesel generators are widely used to compensate for unreliable or unavailable national electricity grids. These diesel-based microgrids are typically characterized by market power, significant pollution, and weak regulatory oversight. In parallel, households increasingly deploy off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) systems to gain control over electricity supply. However, these systems suffer from curtailed excess generation during peak solar hours and unreliable access at other times. While prior studies have optimized microgrids in developing contexts from a techno-economic perspective, they largely neglect the market power exerted by monopolistic private generators. This paper addresses this gap by developing a bi-level game-theoretic model that enables household-generated electricity to be fed into the microgrid while explicitly accounting for the market power of a neighborhood diesel generator company (DGC). The regulator sets price and feed-in-tariff caps to maximize household economic surplus (HES), while the DGC acts as a profit-maximizing agent controlling access and supply. The model is applied to a Lebanese case study using high-resolution empirical data collected via logging devices. Results show that: (i) price and feed-in-tariff caps substantially increase HES and consistently induce significant household PV feed-in to the microgrid; (ii) higher DGC budgets or greater PV-owner penetration lead to pronounced gains in HES; and (iii) the renewable energy share reaches 60% under base conditions and approaches 100% at sufficiently high budgets or PV-owner penetration levels, compared to 0% under the status quo. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.16893 |
| By: | Bryan, Gharad; Leite, Flávia; Maleronka, Camila; Oliveira Cunha, Juliana; Soto Vieira, Caterina; Tsivanidis, Nick |
| Abstract: | Land value capture (LVC) can be a powerful tool for local governments to finance urban infrastructure and recover part of the unearned landvalue increases that result from public investments or regulations. This helps ensure that the benefits of urban development are reinvested in the city for the benefit of the wider population. São Paulo, the largest city in Latin America, has been a pioneer in implementing LVC. Over the last two decades, the Brazilian city has deployed multiple mechanisms to capture increases in land value. These include two air right tools: the Charges for Additional Building Rights (OODC) – applied throughout the city – and the Certificates of Additional Construction Potential (CEPACs) – tied to special planning zones called Urban Operations (UOs). Both instruments allow the sale of development rights beyond the basic zoning allowance, with the proceeds earmarked for public infrastructure investment. Between 2004 and 2022, these mechanisms generated more than USD 4.5 billion in revenue, equivalent on average to 8% of the city’s annual property tax revenue. Although both instruments aim to monetise “air rights”, their design and impact differ substantially. Drawing on descriptive analysis of administrative and survey data, as well as interviews with developers and policymakers, this case study examines how the two instruments work on the ground, including how they perform in terms of revenue generation, investment, and urban development outcomes. The discussion highlights key considerations and lessons for other cities contemplating the adoption of air rights. |
| Keywords: | sustainable growth; urban planning; municipal governments; Cities that Work |
| JEL: | R14 J01 E6 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137691 |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Abba, Aminu; Iraoya, Augustine Okhale; Yakasai, Musa Tukur; Yakasai, Bello; Abdullahi, Kabiru; Shuaibu, Ahmed Usman; Musa, Nuruddeen Muhammad; Kirui, Oliver K.; Edeh, Hyacinth O.; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Ample evidence shows that small-scale irrigation (SSI) has positive impacts on agricultural productivity, poverty reduction, climate resilience and household food security, nutrition. Despite this, adoption of SSI has remained low in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, where previous research suggests potential for adoption is largest. Factors such as high cost of technologies, farmers’ risk behavior, lack of incentives, and lack of access to finance and capacity gaps have often been noted as key constraints limiting the adoption/scaling of SSI among smallholders. However, in an environment with low overall levels of use, it is important to not only focus on the challenges experienced by smallholder farmers, but also on those of key intermediary actors—specifically government, irrigation equipment distributors, and finance institutions—that are critical for a supportive enabling environment of SSI technology diffusion. To understand the constraints these groups encounter and propose innovative policy, financial, and supply chain solutions, we conducted a series of human-centered design (HCD) workshops in three locations in Nigeria. Key solutions proposed during nine workshops include the need for cross-sector coordination and policy harmonization, improved data and digital systems and platforms, customized financial products and risk-sharing options for SSI, capacity-sharing for extension services, and specific strategies to support women farmers so that they benefit equally. |
| Keywords: | irrigation; small-scale irrigation; government; financial institutions; irrigation equipment; design; Nigeria; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–11–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:178299 |
| By: | Dhamija, Gaurav; Gupta, Sagnik Kumar; Ojha, Manini |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether Bihar's 2016 alcohol prohibition generated spillover effects on household adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a primary cooking fuel. Although clean cooking lies outside the policy's intended scope, prohibition may affect fuel choice by altering household expenditure patterns and intra-household dynamics. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the Household Consumption Expenditure Surveys (HCES) of 2011-12 and 2023-24, we implement a propensity score matching difference-in-differences design, comparing Bihar with Jharkhand. We estimate that the prohibition increased primary LPG adoption by 12.8 percentage points. The effect is concentrated in rural areas and is robust to alternative estimators, sample restrictions, and falsification tests. We further discuss that this spillover operates through reduced alcohol spending that relaxes the budget constraint for recurring LPG use and improved women's intra-household agency following prohibition. The results highlight that policies aimed at curbing socially costly consumption can generate broader welfare gains in unexpected domains, including clean energy adoption. |
| Keywords: | Clean cooking, LPG adoption, Alcohol prohibition, Expenditure reallocation, India |
| JEL: | D12 I18 I31 J16 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1724 |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Abba, Aminu; Iraoya, Augustine Okhale; Yakasai, Musa Tukur; Yakasai, Bello; Abdullahi, Kabiru; Shuaibu, Ahmed Usman; Musa, Nuruddeen Muhammad; Kirui, Oliver K.; Edeh, Hyacinth O.; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Ample evidence shows that small-scale irrigation (SSI) has positive impacts on agricultural productivity, poverty reduction, climate resilience and household food security, nutrition. Despite this, adoption of SSI has remained low in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, where previous research suggests potential for adoption is largest. Factors such as high cost of technologies, farmers’ risk behavior, lack of incentives, and lack of access to finance and capacity gaps have often been noted as key constraints limiting the adoption/scaling of SSI among smallholders. However, in an environment with low overall levels of use, it is important to not only focus on the challenges experienced by smallholder farmers, but also on those of key intermediary actors—specifically government, irrigation equipment distributors, and finance institutions—that are critical for a supportive enabling environment of SSI technology diffusion. To understand the constraints these groups encounter and propose innovative policy, financial, and supply chain solutions, we conducted a series of human-centered design (HCD) workshops in three locations in Nigeria. Key solutions proposed during nine workshops include the need for cross-sector coordination and policy harmonization, improved data and digital systems and platforms, customized financial products and risk-sharing options for SSI, capacity-sharing for extension services, and specific strategies to support women farmers so that they benefit equally. |
| Keywords: | irrigation; small-scale irrigation; government; financial institutions; irrigation equipment; design; Nigeria; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–11–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:178299 |
| By: | Jean-Michel Do Carmo Silva (EESC-GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | Major contemporary risks – notably climate change, cybercrime, pandemics and wars – are disrupting the traditional insurance model, which is seen as a mechanism for financing residual risks. They raise questions about their insurability and the ability of companies to maintain their economic and societal role. How do insurance law and practices address, or should they address, the role of insurance in a risk management system designed by companies to respond to the societal transitions of our century? Firstly, the restructuring of insurance law and practices concerns the balance of interests at stake. While the logic of protecting the collective interests of policyholders remains, the evolution of extreme risks reveals its limitations. A societal approach is emerging, based on risk sharing between insurers, policyholders and public authorities. Secondly, the restructuring is also technical. Traditional insurance, based on mutualisation and compensation after assessment, is proving insufficient for correlated or poorly understood risks. The rise of parametric insurance, which provides compensation based on predefined indices, is examined, including the legal issues it raises. Some players offer integrated prevention and protection services (cybersecurity, climate diagnostics), transforming insurance into a lever for resilience rather than simply outsourcing risk. |
| Abstract: | Vers une recomposition du rôle de l'assurance dans un système de gestion des risques conçu par l'entreprise Résumé : les grands risques contemporains -notamment le dérèglement climatique, la cybermalveillance, les pandémies et les guerres -bouleversent le modèle traditionnel de l'assurance, envisagé comme mécanisme de financement des risques résiduels. Ils poussent à se questionner à propos de leur assurabilité et de la capacité des compagnies à maintenir leur rôle économique et sociétal. Comment le droit et les pratiques assurantielles se saisissent-ils ou doivent-ils se saisir du rôle de l'assurance dans un système de gestion des risques conçu par l'entreprise afin de répondre aux transitions sociétales de notre siècle ? Premièrement, la recomposition du droit et des pratiques assurantielles concerne l'équilibre des intérêts en présence. Si la logique de protection de l'intérêt collectif des assurés perdure, l'évolution des risques extrêmes révèle ses limites. Une approche sociétale émerge, fondée sur le partage du risque entre assureurs, assurés et pouvoirs publics.Deuxièmement, la recomposition est également technique. L'assurance traditionnelle, fondée sur la mutualisation et l'indemnisation après expertise, se révèle insuffisante pour des risques corrélés ou mal connus. L'essor de l'assurance paramétrique, qui indemnise sur la base d'indices prédéfinis, est examiné, y compris les questions juridiques qu'elle soulève. Certains acteurs proposent des services intégrés de prévention et de protection (cybersécurité, diagnostic climatique), transformant l'assurance en levier de résilience plutôt qu'en simple externalisation du risque. |
| Keywords: | Public-private partnerships, Organizational approach to law, Parametric insurance, Transformation of the insurer's role, Major contemporary risks, Assurance paramétrique, Transformation du rôle de l'assureur, Approche organisationnelle du droit, Partenariat public-privé, Grands risques contemporains |
| Date: | 2026–01–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05543694 |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Spielman, David J.; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Nwagboso, Chibuzo; Zambrano, Patricia; Chambers, Judith A. |
| Abstract: | Excessive insecticide use in smallholder agriculture can threaten human health and the environment. We evaluate the effects of receiving a genetically modified cowpea variety that confers resistance to the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) using a clustered randomized controlled trial with an encouragement design in Nigeria. We find that farmers who received the pod borer-resistant (PBR) cowpea with complementary inputs significantly reduce insecticide volumes and report fewer days of insecticide-related illness compared to farmers who only received a conventional cowpea variety. Farmers receiving PBR cowpea alone experience smaller, mostly insignificant reductions. To explore heterogeneous responses, we combine ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) interactions with machine learning-based Causal Forest estimates of Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATEs). Results reveal that smaller, less wealthy, and labor-constrained households experience the largest reductions in insecticide use and health improvements, whereas wealthier farmers or those with higher baseline spraying practices experience lower reductions. Women-managed plots exhibit modestly higher responsiveness. Our findings highlight the importance of moving beyond average effects and seed distribution toward targeted, context-specific interventions that account for behavioral and resource constraints in smallholder farming systems. |
| Keywords: | insecticides; farmers; health; genetically modified foods; cowpeas; randomized controlled trials; machine learning; Nigeria; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:179030 |
| By: | Kariuki, Sarah; Muteti, Francisca N.; Vudriko, Patrick; Ariong, Richard M.; Van Campenhout, Bjorn; Chamberlin, Jordan |
| Abstract: | The Ugandan dairy sector has expanded rapidly in recent years. However, ticks and tick-borne diseases pose increasing challenges to this progress, exacerbated by the rise in resistance to acaricides, the primary method for tick control. This paper examines the systemic constraints that undermine effective, safe, and sustainable tick control in Uganda’s liberalized dairy system. Drawing on multiple complementary data sources—including household surveys, exit interviews, list experiments, and covert audit methods—we show that the de facto farmer-led model of tick control is characterized by failures in information, coordination challenges, imperfect input markets, and weak regulation. Farmers operate with limited technical knowledge and minimal advisory support, and under extensive grazing systems and frequent inter-herd contact that require coordinated approaches to tick control. Input markets provide access to acaricides, but little guidance on proper use. As a result, misuse and overuse of chemicals are widespread, generating risks for animal and human well-being, food safety, and environmental integrity. Addressing these constraints will require integrated interventions that strengthen extension and regulatory capacity, improve accountability in veterinary input markets, and foster community-level coordination to ensure safe and sustainable tick control. |
| Keywords: | dairy industry; value chains; tickborne diseases; animal diseases; ticks; behaviour; parasite control; acaricides; farm inputs; Uganda; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:179187 |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Spielman, David J.; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Nwagboso, Chibuzo; Zambrano, Patricia; Chambers, Judith A. |
| Abstract: | Excessive insecticide use in smallholder agriculture can threaten human health and the environment. We evaluate the effects of receiving a genetically modified cowpea variety that confers resistance to the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) using a clustered randomized controlled trial with an encouragement design in Nigeria. We find that farmers who received the pod borer-resistant (PBR) cowpea with complementary inputs significantly reduce insecticide volumes and report fewer days of insecticide-related illness compared to farmers who only received a conventional cowpea variety. Farmers receiving PBR cowpea alone experience smaller, mostly insignificant reductions. To explore heterogeneous responses, we combine ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) interactions with machine learning-based Causal Forest estimates of Conditional Average Treatment Effects (CATEs). Results reveal that smaller, less wealthy, and labor-constrained households experience the largest reductions in insecticide use and health improvements, whereas wealthier farmers or those with higher baseline spraying practices experience lower reductions. Women-managed plots exhibit modestly higher responsiveness. Our findings highlight the importance of moving beyond average effects and seed distribution toward targeted, context-specific interventions that account for behavioral and resource constraints in smallholder farming systems. |
| Keywords: | insecticides; farmers; health; genetically modified foods; cowpeas; randomized controlled trials; machine learning; Nigeria; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:179030 |
| By: | Kariuki, Sarah; Muteti, Francisca N.; Vudriko, Patrick; Ariong, Richard M.; Van Campenhout, Bjorn; Chamberlin, Jordan |
| Abstract: | The Ugandan dairy sector has expanded rapidly in recent years. However, ticks and tick-borne diseases pose increasing challenges to this progress, exacerbated by the rise in resistance to acaricides, the primary method for tick control. This paper examines the systemic constraints that undermine effective, safe, and sustainable tick control in Uganda’s liberalized dairy system. Drawing on multiple complementary data sources—including household surveys, exit interviews, list experiments, and covert audit methods—we show that the de facto farmer-led model of tick control is characterized by failures in information, coordination challenges, imperfect input markets, and weak regulation. Farmers operate with limited technical knowledge and minimal advisory support, and under extensive grazing systems and frequent inter-herd contact that require coordinated approaches to tick control. Input markets provide access to acaricides, but little guidance on proper use. As a result, misuse and overuse of chemicals are widespread, generating risks for animal and human well-being, food safety, and environmental integrity. Addressing these constraints will require integrated interventions that strengthen extension and regulatory capacity, improve accountability in veterinary input markets, and foster community-level coordination to ensure safe and sustainable tick control. |
| Keywords: | dairy industry; value chains; tickborne diseases; animal diseases; ticks; behaviour; parasite control; acaricides; farm inputs; Uganda; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:179187 |
| By: | Fenitra Josiane Rakotondrabearimino (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sarah Audouin (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Holimalala Randriamanampisoa (Université d'Antananarivo); Bruno Salomon Ramamonjisoa (Université d'Antananarivo); Chloé Lecomte (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | In Madagascar, a wide range of organizations are developing innovation support model. Designed around a theory of change, these mechanisms aim to generate changes through a sequence of interventions or innovation support services (ISS). Impacts production constitutes one of the main expectations of these organizations as well as a central criterion for their evaluation. The effective use of theories of change therefore emerges as a key lever for steering and improving actions to support agricultural innovation. However, few studies have examined the links between the causal structuring of ISS and the effective generation of long-terme change. This paper explores how organizations 2 produce changes in relation to their agricultural innovations support services. Five models, deployed across five distinct regions of Madagascar, are analyzed, reflecting a diversity of contexts, implementing organizations, and innovation situations. Semi-structured interviews with the implementing organizations were conducted to reconstruct their theories of change. The results reveal both regularities and specificities in the ways organizations perceive and pursue change. The regularities mainly concern the interdependent sequence of intermediate changes pursued, regardless of the ultimate objectives. These changes are generated through a diversity of ISS. Technical changes, for instance, are produced not only through technical advice and support services but also through other types of services that complement the diverse needs of innovation producers. Action aiming at institutional change are positioned in later stages of the process, thereby expanding the scope of transformations initiated locally. The type of implementing organization as well as the presence or absence of intermediary beneficiaries appear specific to each theory of change. The identified causal assumptions and external factors largely relate to the capacities of the different actors involved in the model, from implementing organizations to final beneficiaries, including intermediaries who help consolidate change. In perspective, this paper provides new insights to guide organizations in steering and improving their interventions to foster sustainable change accross multiple scales. |
| Abstract: | A Madagascar, une diversité d'organisations développe des dispositifs d'accompagnement de l'innovation agricole. Conçus autour d'une théorie du changement (TdC), ils visent à générer des changements via une succession d'interventions appelées services support à l'innovation (SSI). La mobilisation efficace des théories du changement constitue un axe de pilotage et d'amélioration des actions d'accompagnement de l'innovation agricole. Or, peu d'études évaluent les liens entre la structuration causale des SSI et la génération effective de changements sur le temps long. Cette communication explore la manière dont les organisations produisent des changements en lien avec leurs activités d'accompagnement de l'innovation agricole. Cinq dispositifs à Madagascar sont analysés couvrant une diversité de contextes, de porteurs de dispositifs et de situations d'innovation. Des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des porteurs des dispositifs ont permis de reconstituer leur TdC. Les résultats ont montré des similitudes dans les séquences de changements intermédiaires visés, quelle que soit la finalité recherchée. Ces changements sont générés pour la plupart à partir d'une grappe de SSI. Les changements techniques sont produits à partir de services d'appuis techniques mais aussi à partir d'autres types de services qui viennent compléter la réponse aux besoins divers des producteurs innovateurs. Les actions visant le changement institutionnel sont positionnées dans des phases avancées du processus permettant d'élargir la portée des transformations initiées localement. Le type d'organisation porteur ainsi que la présence ou non de bénéficiaires intermédiaires sont spécifiques à chaque théorie de changement. En perspective, cette communication fournit un éclairage nouveau permettant aux organisations d'orienter et d'améliorer leur intervention pour viser des changements durables à différentes échelles. |
| Keywords: | Services Support à l'innovation, Madagascar, innovation agricole, systèmes d'innovation agricole, théorie du changement, organisation agricole, développement agricole, innovation, Chemin d'impact, Théorie du changement, Système d'innovation agricole, Agricultural Innovation System, Intervention, Hypothèses de changement, Impact pathway, Change assumptions, Innovation support service |
| Date: | 2025–12–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05484763 |
| By: | Gomez, Eelena; Sen, Topon |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a comprehensive and analytically rigorous reinterpretation of Bangladesh’s development trajectory through the lens of political economy and structural transformation theory. It examines the transition from post-war economic fragility to sustained growth, emphasizing macroeconomic stability, export-led industrialization, remittance dynamics, agricultural modernization, and social development outcomes. Drawing on the full body of existing literature cited in the original manuscript, the analysis integrates institutional, structural, and global dimensions into a unified explanatory framework. While Bangladesh’s development record reflects resilience and adaptive policy capacity, enduring constraints related to governance, inequality, environmental vulnerability, and institutional quality raise important questions regarding the long-term sustainability of its growth model. |
| Keywords: | Sustained growth; Macroeconomic Stability; Remittance; Agriculture |
| JEL: | A1 A11 B0 D0 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128415 |
| By: | Ziaba, Isaac Haruna; Aidoo, Richard |
| Abstract: | How do state and non-state competing economic actors and interests interact over mineralised land disputes? This research inductively shows how land-use disputes between large-scale mining (LSM) companies and artisanal and small-scale miners (ASM) are intervened by the African state. We explore a grounded theory of Sino-African neopatrimonialism to contend that collusions between Chinese clients and ‘uninsulated’ African patrons can unleash a powerful cartel that illegitimately allocates resources to Chinese companies, resulting in forced eviction of competing local entrepreneurs. In illustrating this abstraction with the Ghanaian case, we show that African patrons intervene in resource disputes between Chinese clients and African miners by setting up asymmetric structures and deploying coercive bureaucratic instruments that negotiate Chinese clients’ unfettered access to mineral resources while compelling dissenting ASM into capitulation to guarantee private rent accrual to elites. The findings demonstrate how African patrons device approaches such as forced eviction as a political means to their economic end, and the resultant local popular fury to offer a contextualisation of the growing China-Africa discourse. |
| Keywords: | Africa; Ghana; China; mining; ASM; Sino-African neopatrimonialism; elite clientelism |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137719 |
| By: | Olivier Torres (MRM-EPME - Montpellier Research in Management - Entrepreneuriat et PME - MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Mathieu Le Moal (MRM-EPME - Montpellier Research in Management - Entrepreneuriat et PME - MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); François-Xavier X Lesage (IDESP - Institut Desbrest d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Objectives:The aim of this study is to identify specific stressors within mayoral activities and to construct a mayors' life event inventory.Methods: Two online questionnaires were administered at four-month intervals. The first one collecting verbatim related to the stressors experienced by mayors. The second one evaluating the intensity and occurrence of the different stressors identified. Results:In total, we retained responses from 1, 120 mayorsThe first questionnaire has identified 25 work-related and 9 personal life stressors (the cumulative stressor scale). The beta coefficients of the mediation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between stressors and burnout. The total effect of stressors on burnout was substantial (β = 0.60, p < .001). Conclusions:This study sheds light on the specific stressors that affect mayors in France, revealing a complex interplay between work-related and personal life challenges. |
| Keywords: | life events inventory, burnout, stress, mayor's health, mayor's health life events inventory burnout stress |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05507686 |
| By: | Maxime Malafosse (COACTIS - COnception de l'ACTIon en Situation - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne, FAYOL-ENSMSE - Institut Henri Fayol - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Amandine Pascal (LEST - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | After the 2008 financial crisis, the role of money and the structure of modern monetary systems have become subject to renewed scrutiny. The existing system, marked by extensive financialisation, power concentration, and rising social inequality, is considered incompatible with social justice and ecological sustainability goals. Consequently, decentralised monetary initiatives have emerged as alternatives reshaping and rethinking the nature and governance of money. Of these initiatives, locally managed community currencies (CCs) have risen to prominence, as they view money as a commons designed to serve community needs rather than generate profit. However, the design and governance of CCs remain underdeveloped due to either too broad design principles or empirical insights lacking a theoretical foundation. This study proposes a structured set of design principles, which link theoretical insights to practical guidance. Drawing on a design science approach in a European project, we develop four actionable design principles that guide local communities in creating and adapting CCs to their respective socioeconomic contexts. By integrating insights from contemporary CC literature and practitioners' guidance research, this study offers a flexible yet structured toolkit for designing, deploying, and maintaining CCs. The framework emphasises the importance of balancing technological opportunities with community needs, ensuring the association of CCs with local realities and collective goals. This study helps redefine and design money as a democratic, socially embedded institution capable of fostering equity, resilience, and ecological transition. As such, it contributes to design science knowledge about solving the problem of societal and ecological transformation. |
| Keywords: | Community currencies, Commons, Design Science, Design principles, Blockchain technology, Local Complementray Currencies |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:emse-05520945 |
| By: | Lucas Eustache (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Eric Brousseau (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Joëlle Toledano (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | Data-sharing ecosystems (DSEs) emerge as key organizational arrangements for digital innovation, yet their economic and governance foundations remain poorly understood. Drawing on qualitative evidence from major European DSEs, this study identifies six conditions that shape viability, ranging from investment needs and innovation logic to integration complexity, security management, competitive dynamics, and interest alignment. The findings show that these conditions evolve across the development of DSEs, and that sustainability depends both on the ability to establish tailored use cases and on how orchestrators adapt governance to the ecosystem structure. The study contributes to ecosystem and platform theory by reframing DSEs as generative, innovation-driven structures, conceptualizing economic viability as phasecontingent, and integrating strategic and technical governance roles into a unified, contextdependent model. These insights advance theoretical understanding of ecosystem economics and provide guidance for the design of data ecosystems capable of achieving long-term sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Interorganizational data sharing, Data-sharing ecosystems, Platform governance, Digital ecosystems, Ecosystem sustainability, Interorganizational data sharing Data-sharing ecosystems Platform governance Digital ecosystems Ecosystem sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–12–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05542222 |
| By: | Baffes, John; Nagle, Peter; Streifel, Shane S. |
| Abstract: | Commodity price volatility—along with energy and food security concerns—has renewed interest in supply- and demand-management schemes. This paper revisits experiences of international commodity agreements. Historically, agreements covering non-oil commodities involved both producers and consumers and employed various policy tools such as inventory and trade flow management. While some initially stabilized prices, all eventually failed or disbanded, often amplifying price volatility. In contrast, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, a producer-only arrangement, has endured longer but faces challenges from the energy transition, alternative sources of oil, and consumer responses including energy diversification, efficiency gains, policy coordination, and strategic reserves under the auspices of the International Energy Agency. These experiences offer cautionary lessons for current proposals advocating industrial commodity cartels or global food inventory management. Nonetheless, international coordination, particularly in energy conservation, food aid, and information sharing, remains relevant. During periods of severe market disruption, collaboration on inventory management and trade flow regulations may still offer benefits. |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11340 |
| By: | Chiodin, Alessio; Manera, Matteo; Maranzano, Paolo; Monturano, Gianluca |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic generated highly heterogeneous economic effects across territories, reflecting differences in local production structures and spatial organization. This paper examines the geography of short-run economic fragility during the first wave of the pandemic by identifying spatially-coherent clusters of municipalities exposed to lockdown-induced shutdowns. Using municipal-level data on Italian suspended firms, workers, and value added in Spring 2020, we apply a Ward-like hierarchical clustering approach under spatial constraints that combines socio-economic dissimilarities with geographical proximity. We first analyze Lombardy, the region most severely affected during the initial phase, and then extend the analysis to the entire Italian territory. The results show that clustering based solely on socio-economic variables mainly reflects differences in economic scale, while incorporating spatial information reveals coherent territorial structures. Industrial and peripheral municipalities appear to be more exposed to shutdown measures than large service-oriented urban centers. At the national level, spatial partitions reproduce Italy’s hierarchical territorial structure, from the North–South divide to intermediate macro-regions. These findings highlight the role of spatially targeted policies and the importance of pre-existing territorial structures in shaping the economic impact of systemic shocks. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Political Economy, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2026–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:396373 |
| By: | Candelon, Bertrand (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/LFIN, Belgium); Hasse, Jean-Baptiste (Aix-Marseille University) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate investor behavior related to the attributes of ESG mutual funds. Specifically, we examine whether financial and extrafinancial attributes enter the investor’s decision problem additively or interact multiplicatively. We derive the return elasticity of investor demand under both hypotheses, which yields distinct predictions for the flow-performance relationship. Using a dataset of 6, 965 European active equity mutual funds from August 2018 to June 2025, we empirically test these competing hypotheses. Our results indicate that the sensitivity of fund flows to lagged returns is greater for ESG funds than for conventional funds. Accordingly, we reject specifications in which financial and extrafinancial attributes enter the investor’s decision problem additively. Our findings provide new insights into investor demand for fund attributes and ESG-washing practices. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable investing ; Mutual funds ; Investor behavior ; Cash flows |
| Date: | 2026–03–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajf:louvlf:2026001 |
| By: | Patricia Agyapong |
| Abstract: | Do natural resources affect public trust in political leaders and institutions? In this study, I use a difference-in-differences approach to investigate this question, focusing on Ghana’s discovery of high-grade offshore oil in 2007. I find that individuals living close to the oil fields became less trusting of political leaders and institutions after the discovery. The findings suggest that the oil discovery’s impact on political trust varies depending on pre-existing social and economic condi¬tions such as educational status, employment status and the level of media exposure. Additionally, individuals located near the oil fields reported more negative views about Ghana’s democracy, corruption, government performance, and economic conditions. The results suggest a potential link between increased bribe payments in these locations and declining trust. |
| Keywords: | natural resources; political trust; governance; corruption; public attitudes; difference-in-differences; Ghana; Afrobarometer |
| JEL: | D72 H11 O17 Q33 C21 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2026-03 |
| By: | Rika Kumala Dewi; Harla Octarra; Akhmadi; Wawan Setiawan |
| Keywords: | youth, civic participation, participation ecosystem, Wikithon, voice |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:4524 |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S.; Spielman, David J.; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Zambrano, Patricia; Chambers, Judith A.; Fasoranti, Adetunji; Popoola, Olufemi |
| Abstract: | We assess the impacts of a genetically modified pod borer-resistant (PBR) cowpea variety in Nigeria through a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in two major cowpea-cultivating states. Our design allows us to examine the impacts of PBR cowpea with and without a package of complementary inputs (fertilizer and insecticides) and in comparison to farmers who received only a conventional improved cowpea variety. Results indicate that farmers who received and planted PBR cowpea experienced significant increases in yield (21 percent) and net margins (49 percent) compared to those growing the conventional variety, with larger gains observed among those provided with the inputs package. Analysis of heterogeneous effects indicates substantial variation in outcomes based on baseline characteristics such as household size, landholding, pest control practices, and wealth. Estimation of group average treatment effects and classification analysis using a causal machine learning approach identify plot size, pesticide use, and assets as key drivers of impact heterogeneity. Findings highlight the need for targeted dissemination strategies to realize the sizable benefits of PBR cowpea for small-scale, resource-constrained farmers. |
| Keywords: | impact; genetically modified organisms; seed damaging insects; pest resistance; cowpeas; randomized controlled trials; machine learning; smallholders; information dissemination; yields; postharvest losses; profitability; Nigeria; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:178553 |
| By: | Chugh, Aditi; Resnick, Danielle |
| Abstract: | Global calls to repurpose agricultural support toward more sustainable and equitable food systems have intensified scrutiny of fertilizer subsidies. While political economy constraints often hinder reform, the exact manifestation of these constraints is rarely examined. To clarify the specific mechanisms at play, this paper systematically reviews peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 and identifies 38 fertilizer subsidy reform cases across 15 countries. We code political economy factors influencing outcomes at different stages of subsidy adoption and redesign. The analysis shows that ideational factors around self-sufficiency, the private sector, and the social contract, as well as the institutional structures impacting policymaking, are central to successful subsidy introduction. Electoral incentives play a role at both the policy introduction and redesign phases. Yet, political economy factors are not the only prominent drivers. In fact, technocratic considerations about underperformance or corruption became more prominent during redesign efforts but were also present in more than 80 percent of failed cases. This reaffirms that while technocratic factors, including the availability of research and evidence are necessary for subsidy design improvements, they are not sufficient on their own. By distinguishing which political economy factors matter and how they interact with broader policy process dynamics, this study provides a more actionable foundation for anticipating and managing challenges to fertilizer subsidy reforms and repurposing more broadly. |
| Keywords: | fertilizers; subsidies; reforms; policies; political ecology |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:180322 |
| By: | Chugh, Aditi; Resnick, Danielle |
| Abstract: | Global calls to repurpose agricultural support toward more sustainable and equitable food systems have intensified scrutiny of fertilizer subsidies. While political economy constraints often hinder reform, the exact manifestation of these constraints is rarely examined. To clarify the specific mechanisms at play, this paper systematically reviews peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2025 and identifies 38 fertilizer subsidy reform cases across 15 countries. We code political economy factors influencing outcomes at different stages of subsidy adoption and redesign. The analysis shows that ideational factors around self-sufficiency, the private sector, and the social contract, as well as the institutional structures impacting policymaking, are central to successful subsidy introduction. Electoral incentives play a role at both the policy introduction and redesign phases. Yet, political economy factors are not the only prominent drivers. In fact, technocratic considerations about underperformance or corruption became more prominent during redesign efforts but were also present in more than 80 percent of failed cases. This reaffirms that while technocratic factors, including the availability of research and evidence are necessary for subsidy design improvements, they are not sufficient on their own. By distinguishing which political economy factors matter and how they interact with broader policy process dynamics, this study provides a more actionable foundation for anticipating and managing challenges to fertilizer subsidy reforms and repurposing more broadly. |
| Keywords: | fertilizers; subsidies; reforms; policies; political ecology |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:180322 |