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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Cathrine Hagem; Snorre Kverndokk; Knut Einar Rosendahl |
| Abstract: | The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) leads to higher electricity prices and thus higher costs for electricity-intensive industries in the EU, reducing their competitiveness compared to those in non-EU countries. This disparity may result in carbon leakage, where production shifts abroad, potentially increasing global emissions. To mitigate this, the EU introduced a compensation scheme in 2012, allowing member states to compensate affected industries for the higher electricity prices. This paper explores analytically and numerically the effects of this compensation scheme on production, electricity efficiency, and emissions. We find that while the EU ETS price signal reduces production and increases electricity efficiency, the compensation scheme can counteract these effects by boosting production and potentially reducing electricity efficiency. Additionally, conditional decarbonization or energy efficiency efforts may lead to socially inefficient investments and could have undesired impacts on electricity efficiency. These findings highlight the complex trade-offs in designing effective climate policies that balance environmental goals with industrial competitiveness. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, EU-ETS, CO2 compensation, electricity efficiency |
| JEL: | D21 H23 Q52 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12541 |
| By: | Ilona Dielen (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, ERUDITE, France); Patrice Bougette (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Christophe Charlier (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how the cartel of European truck manufacturers coordinated the timing of compliance with emission standards, generating additional air pollution without violating environmental regulations. Although firms formally complied with environmental law, collusion restricted competition over cleaner technologies, highlighting that anticompetitive agreements can have significant environmental and health consequences. First, we quantify the volume of particulate emissions attributable to cartel behavior by constructing two plausible counterfactual scenarios for truck fleet composition, identifying substantial excess emissions of approximately 119 thousand tonnes of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Second, we estimate the health impact of traffic-related PM2.5 emissions on infant respiratory outcomes using a panel of 199 European subregions observed over an 18-year period. To address endogeneity concerns, we exploit exogenous variation in EURO emission standards through a shift-share instrumental-variable strategy. The resulting elasticity allows us to compute the number of infant respiratory hospital admissions attributable to the cartel under counterfactual competitive conditions. We estimate that earlier, competition-driven adoption of cleaner technologies could have reduced average yearly infant hospital admissions by 12–18 cases per 1, 000 births at the NUTS 2 level. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution; Truck cartel; Anticompetitive agreement; Environmental damage; EURO standards; European Commission |
| JEL: | I18 K21 L41 Q51 Q52 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2026-06 |
| By: | Juan S. Mora-Sanguinetti (BANQUE DE FRANCE AND BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Cristina Peñasco (BANQUE DE FRANCE AND UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE); Rok Spruk (UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the impact of “green regulations” - i.e. those aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change and environmental externalities - on innovation, using a novel regulatory database covering the period 008-2022 for Spain. The database identifies regulations at both the national and regional levels through textual analysis. Employing a panel data approach, we assess how different types of environmental regulations - particularly those related to renewable energy - affect firm-level innovation activities. Our findings indicate that national-level green regulations have a positive effect on innovation, whereas regional-level regulations show mixed or negligible impacts. Importantly, the interaction between national and regional regulations, measuring the simultaneous production of legal texts at both levels, can foster innovation but at a reduced pace with respect to the sole production of regulation at the national level. Given the results for regional-level regulation, our findings provide evidence in favour of the hypothesis that regulatory fragmentation due to unequal, overlapping, inconsistent or conflicting procedure across jurisdictions may diminish these benefits. |
| Keywords: | green regulation, innovation, Porter hypothesis, renewable energy, business |
| JEL: | K32 Q5 O44 O13 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2611 |
| By: | Stapleton, Fergal; Mendoza, Lucia Vázquez; Galván, Edgar |
| Abstract: | Without immediate intervention, global warming will have devastating consequences on the environment for future generations; as such, there is an urgent need to adopt more sustainable economic practices like the Circular Economy (CE). Although several policies and regulations support this goal, such as the European Green Deal, Ireland consistently ranks among the poorer-performing countries in CE adoption. One of the Irish sectors that contributes the most to this is the construction sector, where the built environment constitutes 30-40% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. With this in mind, a comprehensive synthesis of the diverse range of barriers and enablers to CE adoption is crucial for developing targeted strategies to improve Ireland’s CE performance and contribute effectively to the sustainability goals. This study comprehensively analyses CE and the built environment in Ireland, drawing from impactful articles, white papers, and reports. This study reveals that key barriers to CE adoption in Ireland’s built environment include pervasive issues in material and waste management, leading to a high material footprint, low Circular Material Use Rate (CMUR), and inadequate recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW). Critical policy and regulatory shortcomings were identified, particularly the insufficient focus on Whole Life Carbon (WLC) assessment and practical support for Design for Disassembly (DfD). Furthermore, the digitalisation necessary to underpin CE is significantly hampered by a lack of integrated data frameworks, skills gaps, and clear standards. Crucial enablers identified involve strategic policy reforms to stimulate secondary material markets and mandate WLC, the advancement of digital tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) for CE and shared material databases, and fostering widespread adoption of DfD principles alongside targeted decarbonisation strategies appropriate for the Irish context. |
| Date: | 2026–02–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:sp9yq_v1 |
| By: | Yadav, Anjali |
| Abstract: | How do newspapers frame extreme weather events (EWEs), and does framing differ systematically by event type? Extreme weather attribution is a rapidly growing field of climate science, yet media coverage often diverges from scientific understanding, shaping public perceptions of whether EWEs are human-induced crises or naturally occurring phenomena. This paper presents a corpus-based computational text analysis of approximately 18, 000 articles published in The Guardian between 1997 and 2022, covering hurricanes (n ≈ 10, 000) and droughts (n ≈ 8, 000). We test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in narrative framing of different extreme weather events in relation to climate change. Using a six-category theory-driven keyword occurrence matrix covering climate change attribution, severity and damage, social inequality, policy response, emotional and psychological responses, and knowledge discourse derived from IPCC attribution research, we compare framing patterns across the two corpora. We find strong grounds to reject the null hypothesis: drought articles are more frequently framed in terms of climate change attribution and human causation, while hurricane coverage is more strongly associated with economic damage framing. These asymmetries have significant implications for the political economy of climate information, public risk perception, and the governance of climate adaptation. |
| Date: | 2024–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qsd97_v1 |
| By: | Bourlès, Renaud; Laurent-Lucchetti, Jérémy; Rochet, Jean-Charles |
| Abstract: | More than a decade after COP21, carbon emission trajectories remain far above the 1.5° C threshold, due to lack of international consensus. Departing from cost-benefit approaches, we assess the maximum reduction in carbon emissions that could be accepted by all countries. We characterize the target-consistent mechanism that minimizes global emissions subject to the participation constraint of each country. The mechanism can be implemented either via a uniform carbon tax or as a cap-and-trade system. Calibrated to data from 69 countries, including GDP, carbon intensities, and observed tax rates, our model suggests — for our baseline scenario — that the maximum uniform carbon price politically acceptable for all countries is $250 per ton. It could reduce global emissions by 35%, but would require unprecedented international transfers: up to 3% of world GDP, with a large redistribution from high-income, low-emission countries to carbon-intensive emerging economies. Our analysis highlights the structural ambition gap imposed by voluntary cooperation and identifies two levers to overcome it: convergence in green technologies and stronger political support for mitigation. Without progress in these dimensions, international climate policy remains constrained to deliver only modest results. |
| Date: | 2026–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:131528 |
| By: | Santibanez, Pedro Andres Munoz; Dempsey, Nicola; Hitchmough, James |
| Abstract: | 1. Urban green infrastructure policies are often driven by a cultural idealisation of native ecosystems, assuming they have intrinsically superior value. This creates a "Native–Exotic Paradox" where policy narratives diverge from the functional realities of designed, often non-native, ecosystems in metropolitan settings. 2. We addressed this conceptual gap in Santiago de Chile, using an interdisciplinary approach that contrasted key stakeholder perceptions (via interviews) with empirical biodiversity patterns of birds, butterflies and plants across an urban–rural gradient. 3. Our findings reveal that stakeholders idealise degraded rural native remnants as ecological refugia, a perception that empirical ecological data only partially support. 4. While Santiago functions as an urban biodiversity hotspot, stakeholders diverge sharply on the value of designed green spaces. However, evidence suggests that species origin is not the primary determinant of ecological function in these environments. 5. This study challenges the prevailing "biological desert" narrative of cities and suggests that greening policies must shift from a nostalgic focus on "native purity" toward evidence-based, functional, and adaptive biodiversity. Recognising the ecological value of designed and hybrid ecosystems is critical for building urban resilience against climate change. |
| Date: | 2026–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uw84p_v1 |
| By: | Minten, Bart; van Asselt, Joanna; Aung, Zin Wai; Goeb, Joseph |
| Abstract: | Climate change and conflict are increasingly shaping livelihoods in Myanmar, with agricultural households among the most directly affected. Yet, empirical evidence on how these stressors affect farmers’ adaptation strategies and agricultural assets remains limited. We draw on unique largescale primary surveys: Over a three-year period, we conducted bi-annual surveys with nearly 5, 000 farmers, collecting data on exposure to conflict, natural risks, climate change perceptions, agricultural adaptation, and agricultural land valuation. |
| Keywords: | climate change; risk; conflicts; climate-smart agriculture; agriculture; Myanmar; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:178197 |
| By: | Célia Escribe (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CMAP - Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées de l'Ecole polytechnique - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Energy efficiency and decarbonized energy sources are essential yet insufficient for meeting ambitious climate change mitigation goals. Sufficiency strategies, which involve reducing consumption and shifting to less environmentally impactful lifestyles, are increasingly recognized as crucial for decarbonization. However, their wider economic implications remain underexplored. This paper develops a static macroeconomic model with a detailed microeconomic production framework to analyze these implications. We derive comparative statics to unravel three primary propagation channels for consumption changes: direct demand effects, price effects, and substitution effects, based on the production network structure and elasticities of substitution. Using multi-regional input-output data, we assess the impacts of two sufficiency-driven consumption changes: adopting a vegetarian diet and reducing energy use. Our findings reveal significant rebound effects, up to 38% for domestic emissions and 60% for global emissions (accounting for carbon leakage), compared to estimates excluding behavioral aspects. Rebound effects from sufficiency strategies are smaller than those from energy efficiency improvements. Alternatively, conceptualizing sufficiency as increased leisure time preference results in reduced rebound effects and negative carbon leakage. |
| Keywords: | sufficiency, production networks, rebound effect |
| Date: | 2025–12–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05535445 |
| By: | Gregory Casey (Williams College); ; ; |
| Abstract: | "I present a simple dynamic model that allows students to determine whether, and under what conditions, economic growth is compatible with environmental sustainability. The model captures two key forces: the slowing of economic growth and the decoupling of economic growth from environmental damage. In this way, it connects closely with ongoing public discussions focusing on degrowth and decoupling. The model highlights a key observation that students often find counter-intuitive: economic growth is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for achieving a sustainability target, such as keeping global average surface temperatures from increasing by 1.5C above pre-industrial levels. The model is solved by taking the sum of a geometric series. It is designed for undergraduate courses that do not require calculus, but could be applicable in a wider range of settings." |
| Keywords: | Sustainability, Economic Growth, Climate Change, Undergraduate Education |
| Date: | 2025–07–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2025_106 |
| By: | Fuller, Kate Binzen; Hellerstein, Daniel; Rosenberg, Andrew; Subedi, Dipak; Feather, Catherine; Iovanna, Rich; Pratt, Bryan; Claassen, Roger |
| Abstract: | USDAʼs conservation programs provide incentives to agricultural producers to improve soil health, wildlife habitat, and water and air quality, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Over time, conservation funding authorized by Farm Bills has changed both in aggregate and in the relative shares of funded programs. In fiscal year 2024, estimated USDA conservation funding authorized by Farm Bills stood at $5.7 billion, with three programs (the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), the Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP), and the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)) accounting for approximately 90 percent of funding. The 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provided more than $19 billion in supplemental conservation program funding to be spent from 2023–31, on EQIP, CSP, as well as the Agricultural Conservation Easements Program (ACEP), and the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP). This report provides a summary of USDA conservation programs and their funding, with a focus on conservation programs in the 2002−18 Farm Bills. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uerseb:396260 |
| By: | Stupak, Nataliya; Ebers, Niklas; von Zepelin, Ruben; Ilgen, Konstantin; Schröter, Kai; Müller-Thomy, Hannes |
| Abstract: | Ausreichende Wasserversorgung ist eine der wichtigsten Herausforderungen für den Pflanzenbau in Deutschland im Kontext des fortschreitenden Klimawandels. Niedrige Grundwasserstände, Änderung der räumlichen Variabilität des Niederschlags, zunehmende Häufigkeit des Niederschlags in Form von Starkregenereignissen sowie Einschränkungen von Wasserentnahmen verringern die Wasserverfügbarkeit für Pflanzen und die Bewässerungssicherheit. Das Verbundprojekt LAWAMAD - Landwirtschaftliches Wassermanagement in Deutschland - untersucht das Potenzial und die Umsetzbarkeit der oberirdischen Wasserspeicherung für eine Erhöhung der Wasserverfügbarkeit für Bewässerung. Wasserspeicherbecken können im Winterhalbjahr gefüllt und im Sommerhalbjahr für die Bewässerung genutzt werden. Somit können die zunehmend ungünstige jahreszeitliche Niederschlagsverteilung ausgeglichen, die Zuverlässigkeit der Bewässerung für Betriebe verbessert sowie die Interessenkonflikte um Wassernutzungen im Sommerhalbjahr abgemildert werden. Dimensionierung von Wasserspeicherbecken. Für Landschaftsausschnitte in der Magdeburger Börde (Sachsen- Anhalt) und in der Region Weingarten (Rheinland-Pfalz) wurde die Speicherung (i) von Wasserentnahmen aus Fließgewässern I. Ordnung (überregionales Konzept), (ii) von Entnahmen aus Fließgewässern II.-III. Ordnung (regionales Konzept), und (iii) von Oberflächenabfluss (lokales Konzept) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass in den ausgewählten Landschaftsausschnitten der Abfluss in den Fließgewässern im Winterhalbjahr ausreichend ist, um die für die Bewässerung erforderlichen Wassermengen zwischenzuspeichern. Die Möglichkeit zur Speicherung von Oberflächenabfluss ist sehr standortspezifisch und stark von den Gelände- und Bodeneigenschaften abhängig. Im Vergleich zu den Abflussmengen in Fließgewässern können bei dieser Option nur deutlich kleinere Wassermengen für die Zwischenspeicherung zurückgehalten werden. Zusätzlich entstehen bei dieser Option Interessenkonflikte zwischen Wasserspeicherung und Erosionsschutz. Planung von Wasserspeicherbecken und Ermittlung des Investitionsbedarfs. Der Bau eines Wasserspeicherbeckens ist eine kostenintensive Maßnahme. Je nach Gesamtvolumen des Beckens, liegt der Investitionsbedarf für 1 m3 im Folienbecken gespeichertes Wasser zwischen 20-70 €. Dieser Preis umfasst neben den Bauarbeiten und Materialien auch technische Anlagen und Baunebenkosten. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Wasserspeicherung kann durch (i) Minderung des Bewässerungs- und Wasserspeicherungsbedarfs, (ii) Verringerung der Kosten durch die Bauform und Ausführung des Wasserspeicherbeckens, und (iii) multifunktionale Nutzung des Wasserspeicherbeckens, z. B. für Energieerzeugung verbessert werden. Synergien zwischen Wasserspeicherung und Energieerzeugung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass bei maximaler Belegung der Wasseroberfläche mit schwimmender Photovoltaik die Verdunstung erheblich reduziert werden kann. Dies wirkt sich positiv auf die Dimensionierung von Speicherbecken und den erforderlichen Investitionsbedarf aus. Stromerzeugung stellt eine zusätzliche Einkommensquelle dar und ermöglicht die Einführung von intelligenter Bewässerungssteuerung auch auf den Flächen, die keinen Anschluss an ein Stromnetz haben. Das Potenzial und die Umsetzbarkeit der oberirdischen Wasserspeicherung sind in breiterem rechtlichem und politischem Kontext zu betrachten. Erforderlich ist die einheitliche und ökologisch sichere Regelung von Entnahmen aus Fließgewässern und Erteilung von wasserrechtlichen Erlaubnissen. Weiterentwicklungen des Wasserhaushaltsgesetzes und des Erneuerbaren Energien Gesetzes sind geboten, um die Synergien zwischen Wasserspeicherung und Energieerzeugung auszuschöpfen. Um das ganze Potenzial von Wasserspeicherbecken für die landwirtschaftliche Wasserversorgung, den Grundwasserschutz und weitere gesellschaftliche Leistungen (z. B. Hochwasserschutz, Energieerzeugung) auszuschöpfen, soll die Wasserspeicherung zukünftig besser koordiniert und in die räumliche Landschaftsplanung integriert werden. |
| Abstract: | Sufficient water supply is one of the major challenges for German crop production in the context of advancing climate change. Low groundwater levels, changes in rainfall patterns, and increasing frequency of precipitation in form of heavy rainfall together with restrictions on water exstraction for irrigation reduce water availability for crops and reliability of irrigation. The joint research project LAWAMAD - Agricultural Water Management in Germany - examines the potential and feasibility of water storage to increase water availability for crop production. The main principle of this technical measure is to store water extracted in winter and use it for irrigation in summer. In this way the increasingly unfavourable rainfall distribution can be balanced, the reliability of irrigation improved, and the seasonal conflicts of interests regarding water use alleviated. Dimensioning of water storage reservoirs. The storage of (i) water extractions from watercourses of 1st order (supra-regional concept), (ii) water extractions from watercourses of 2nd and 3rd order (regional concept) and (iii) surface runoff in case of heavy rain (local concept) was examined for two case studies in Magdeburg Börde (Saxony-Anhalt) and the Weingarten region (Rhineland-Palatinate). The results demonstrate, that for these cases the river discharge in winter is sufficient for storing necessary amounts of water for irrigation. Storage of surface run-off is very site-specific and depends strongly on terrain and soil characteristics. Comparing with the levels of river discharge, much smaller amounts of water for storage can be generated when implementing the local concept. Furthermore, the conflicts of interests between water storage and soil protection from erosion are to be considered. Planning of water storage reservoirs investment requirements. The construction of water storage reservoirs for securing irrigation implies high investment requirements ranging between 20-70 € per 1 m3 of stored water, depending i. a. on the total volume of a reservoir. These estimated investment costs cover construction works, materials, technical facilities and ancillary expenses. The economic efficiency of water storage can be improved by (i) measures reducing irrigation demand and therefore water storage needs, (ii) decreasing investment requirements by choice of the reservoir's construction form and design, and (iii) multifunctional use of water storage reservoirs, i. e. for energy production. Synergies between water storage and power generation. The research results demonstrate, that the maximum coverage of water surface with floating photovoltaic can significantly reduce evaporation from a water storage reservoir, which has positive effects on dimensioning of the latter and the corresponding investment costs. Power generation constitutes an additional income source for agricultural producers and enables implementation of intelligent irrigation scheduling systems on farmland without connection to electricity supply. The potential and feasibility of water storage for irrigation are to be considered in a broader legal and political context. There is a clear need for coherent and environmentally safe regulation of water extractions from watercourses and for issuance of water extraction permits. Amendments to the Germany's Federal Water Act and the Renewable Energy Act are advisable for exploiting the synergies between water storage for irrigation and power generation. In the future, water storage should be better coordinated and integrated into regional landscape planning, in order to exploit the full potential of storage reservoirs both for agricultural water supply and groundwater protection as well as for provision of further public services such as flood protection and power generation. |
| Keywords: | Klimaanpassung, Wassermanagement, Wasserspeicherung für Bewässerung, schwimmende Photovoltaik, climate adaptation, crop production, water management, water storage for irrigation, floating photovoltai |
| JEL: | Q15 Q25 Q42 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:338112 |
| By: | Lydia Papadaki; Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The Blue Economy, encompassing coastal, oceanic, and sea-related economic activities, is crucial for sustainable global development. The Black Sea, located between Asia and Europe, has significant potential for expansion.. DOORS Black Sea, an EU-funded initiative, aims to revitalize the Black Sea by fostering "blue economy" opportunities through collaboration among industry, academia, and local communities, addressing climate change and human activities' effects on the marine ecosystem. Multi-Actor Forums (MAFs) facilitate the col-laboration of diverse national stakeholders from Georgia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Turkey in order to assist scientists in the prioritisation of Black Sea issues, with an emphasis on innovations to address gaps and blue economy policies. This method also contributes to the co-design of the region's System of Systems, which provides the necessary datasets for researchers to address environmental challenges and advance the blue economy. The results from the first round of MAFs show the sectors which should be prioritized in the Black Sea and the most significant challenges per country that need to be put at the forefront of the public dialogue. |
| Keywords: | Living Labs, Co-creation, Blue Economy, Black Sea, Systems Approaches |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2609 |
| By: | Könneke, Jule; Adolphsen, Ole |
| Abstract: | The fossil-fuel foreign policy of the United States under President Donald Trump has intensified the conflict between petrostates and electrostates in international climate politics. At COP30 in Belém in November 2025, this cleavage was particularly evident in the dispute over a roadmap for the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels (TAFF). While an increasing number of countries regard TAFF as a necessary consequence of the global energy transition, fossil fuel producers prevented any substantive progress being made. The conference highlighted the structural limits of the capacity of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to mediate this distributional conflict. As a result, the EU faces a strategic dilemma: to further politicise the COP process around TAFF or to prioritise the stabilisation of key mechanisms of the Paris Agreement. Whether it can overcome that dilemma will become apparent during the run-up to the next global stocktake, which is due at COP33 in India in 2028. |
| Keywords: | global warming, fossil-fuel foreign policy, Donald Trump, Transition Away from Fossil Fuels (TAFF), COP30, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA), Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), Paris Agreement, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:338233 |
| By: | Michael Finus (University of Graz, Austria; University of Bath, United Kingdom); Paolo Zeppini (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France) |
| Abstract: | We introduce the concept of green lifestyles in an economic discrete choice model of consumption behaviour. Agents behave in either a ‘selfish’ or ‘pro-social’ way by choosing different degrees of internalisation of environmental damage from the consumption of an environmentally harmful good. Pro-social behaviour means lower consumption, and is rewarded with warm-glow. Moreover, the agents’ decision is influenced by social norms, which endogenously depend on aggregate choices. The model is developed in a dynamic framework, allowing agents to switch behaviour. Our results show that conventional measures limiting consumption at an individual level may increase consumption at the aggregate level. We characterise social tipping points for sustainability transitions in terms of equilibria bifurcations and hysteresis of population dynamics. The model is extended in different directions, with different types of social influence and with a state dependent warm-glow. This more complicated decision environment gives alternative regimes with either dampening or self-reinforcing feedback in decisions. Three scenarios are identified: for strong social norms positive feedback leads to multiple equilibria. For moderate social norms there is a unique equilibrium. For weak social norms, we obtain periodic dynamics of behaviours. In particular, more informed choices and lower variability across agents are ‘destabilising’, leading to periodic dynamics or multiple equilibria. |
| Keywords: | discrete choice; social interactions; sustainable consumption; transitions; warm-glow |
| JEL: | C62 D62 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2026-08 |
| By: | Phoenix, Daniel M. (Virginia Tech) |
| Abstract: | Ecological modernization and ecomodernism assume that liberal democracies can address their ecological challenges. However, scholars seem to overlook that each rests on distinct theoretical assumptions and political programs. This paper compares the two approaches and analyzes their practical implications. Ecological modernization and ecomodernism embrace rationalist and reformist environmental politics to achieve absolute decoupling through Green New Deals. Ecological modernization calls for market-led precautionary innovation regulated by governments and supported by green consumerism. In contrast, ecomodernists advocate for state-driven proactionary and comprehensive innovation and are dismissive of demand-side policies. These differences point to three policy implications. First, the precautionary principle might need careful reconsideration to reconcile economic and environmental performance. Second, eco-innovation may require a stronger commitment from nation states to implement effective supply-side policies. Third, accelerated absolute decoupling requires promoting and setting rational consumption targets. Together, these implications involve dilemmas of technological and social innovation that liberal democracies should navigate to meet sustainability goals. |
| Date: | 2026–03–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:nv5f7_v1 |
| By: | Lydia Papadaki; Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Alice Guittard (ICRE8); Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | A comprehensive, innovation-driven approach that incorporates policy frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and adaptive governance is necessary for the sustainable development of the blue economy (BE). This chapter investigates the potential of systems innovation to resolve critical issues in the maritime sector, such as sustainable fisheries, offshore renewable energy, and marine tourism. It emphasises the significance of cross-sector synergies, data-driven decision-making, and multi-stakeholder engagement in the promotion of long-term sustainability. The chapter also identifies obstacles, including financial constraints, policy misalignment, and data fragmentation, that impede the widespread implementation of sustainable solutions. The chapter offers insights into strategies for accelerating the transition to a sustainable BE and enhancing resilience by examining successful case studies and innovation ecosystems. Key future directions include developing digital platforms for real-time data exchange, improving regulatory coherence, and expanding innovation hubs that bring together policymakers, businesses, researchers, and local communities. In conclusion, the chapter promotes a comprehensive transformation model that emphasises stakeholder-driven governance and systemic innovation as critical components of the blue economy's future. |
| Keywords: | Blue Economy, Systems Innovation, Participatory workshops, Stakeholder Engagement, Living Lab |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2611 |
| By: | Robert J. R. Eliott; Gavin D. J. Harper; Viet Nguyen-Tien |
| Abstract: | Electric vehicles (EVs) are central to decarbonising road transport, a sector responsible for 23% of global energy-related emissions, and their adoption carries both economic and societal implications. This paper provides an economic review of EV transitions, synthesizing theory, stylized facts, and frontier empirical findings. We document three key observations: EV adoption has historically occurred in waves that stalled and revived; contemporary adoption is highly heterogeneous across countries; and the transition reshapes automotive sector activities and supply chains, increasing reliance on geographically concentrated critical minerals and generating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) and political economy challenges. We then analyze the economic drivers of adoption, including total cost of ownership, network externalities, and complementary technologies such as charging infrastructure, grid integration, and digital innovations. Supply-side constraints, resource scarcity, and innovation dynamics are examined, highlighting how the EV platform interacts with broader technological and industrial systems. The analysis emphasizes the systemic, path-dependent, and platform nature of EV transitions and outlines policy-relevant insights for managing adoption, supply chains, and innovation. Finally, we identify avenues for future research, including the economics of end-of-life and used EVs, resilient supply chains, and the role of complementary technologies in accelerating low-carbon transitions. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles, critical materials, supply chains |
| Date: | 2026–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2164 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Maria Chourdaki; Konstantinos Dellis; Kit England |
| Abstract: | Europe, as the fastest warming continent, faces elevated climate risks coupled with a climate adaptation finance gap, defined as the difference between the costs of achieving an adaptation target and the amount of finance available for adaptation (UNEP, 2024). The EU needs to invest almost EUR 70 billion per year in climate adaptation up to 2050 (Monteleone et al., 2026). However, current funding relies heavily on public sources, highlighting the urgent need for private sector involvement (CPI, 2023). Regions and cities in the EU face barriers in their effort to muster financial resources to translate adaptation strategies into tangible projects to promote climate and socioeconomic resilience. The Adaptation Investment Cycle (AIC), developed in the HEU Pathways2Resilience project, is a six-step process designed to help regions overcome barriers to financing climate adaptation by offering a step-by-step approach that builds local capacity and bridges gaps between planning and implementation. This paper maps the steps of the AIC to common adaptation finance barriers -economic, financial, awareness, behavioral, and institutional-, highlights their impact on raising and leveraging capital to strengthen regional resilience and assesses innovative financial sources and instruments tailored to regional needs. Finally, we emphasize concise frameworks for sub-national adaptation finance and contribute to the literature on regional resilience. |
| Keywords: | climate finance, climate adaptation, adaptation finance barriers, Adaptation Investment Cycle (AIC), public sector, investors |
| Date: | 2026–03–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2608 |
| By: | Marina Emiris (National Bank of Belgium, Research Department); Joanna Harris (Chicago Booth School of Business.); François Koulischer (University of Luxembourg.) |
| Abstract: | We study how sustainability disclosure regulation affects mutual fund flows and portfolio choices, accounting for investor heterogeneity. Guided by a model of ESG investing under uncertainty, we exploit the introduction of the European Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR) as a natural experiment, using granular fund–investor holdings data. We show that funds subject to higher disclosure requirements attract significantly larger inflows, particularly for funds with higher pre-regulation uncertainty. Institutional investors respond more strongly than retail investors, and investor trust in environmental labels amplifies these effects. We also find evidence that disclosure induces fund managers to increase portfolio greenness. |
| Keywords: | Mutual funds; Disclosure Regulation; Trust; ESG ratings. |
| JEL: | G23 G11 G14 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202603-490 |
| By: | Gace, Sara; Rode, Julian |
| Abstract: | The Vjosa River Basin, located in the heart of the Balkans, is one of Europe's last free-flowing wild rivers comprising a large number of pristine habitat types with a wealth of biodiversity. Widespread degradation of the forest ecosystem and unsustainable land use due to logging and livestock farming have led to an urgent need for effective conservation planning and sustainable management. This study applies the Ecosystem Service Opportunity (ESO) framework to provide a diagnosis of the social-ecological context and the current institutional and legal frameworks governing the Vjosa River in Permet area and its surroundings. Based on 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders from local government, NGOs, and a national government agency, we identify opportunities for policy and finance instruments to encourage ecosystem conservation and sustainable livelihoods. The results are compared to Integrated Management Plan (IMP) for the Vjosa Wild River National Park. Our results align with the IMP approach in several strategic areas (i.e., stronger law enforcement and patrolling, regulating illegal livestock grazing, improved staff management and collaboration between local agencies, incorporating traditional knowledge in conservation strategies), but further emphasizes the need for action beyond national park boundaries, decentralization with stronger municipal involvement, establishment of a collaborative platform, and the diversification of funding initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Vjosa River Basin, ecosystem services, conservation, policy instruments, financing mechanisms |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzdps:338072 |
| By: | Xingjian Ding; Yumin Hu; Shilei Liu; Cong Peng; Jintao Xu; Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu; Qinghua Zhang |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal impact of highway expansion on forest quality in China, where expressway growth coincided with widespread greening. We link maps of highways built in 2000-2010 to China's National Forest Inventory: over 18, 000 geo-located plots in 11 provinces surveyed in 1999-2003 and 2009-2013, with ground measures of standing timber volume and canopy structure. Long-difference and instrumental-variables designs—using a terrain-based least-cost network and the 1962 road plan—show that moving 10 km closer to a new highway increases timber volume by 2-4.3%, with effects concentrated 1-20 km from roads. The implied gains in forest biomass correspond to 55.8-141.9 Mt of CO2, comparable at the upper bound to the Netherlands' annual emissions. Under strict land-use controls and forest tenure reform, improved downstream market access induces investment and specialization in forestry. A calibrated spatial equilibrium model attributes most of the estimated gains to downstream market access, highlighting the environmental benefits of connectivity. |
| Keywords: | public infrastructure, environmental externalities, forest management, market access, land-use regulation |
| Date: | 2026–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2162 |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; De Weerdt, Joachim; Fang, Peixun; Jones, Eleanor; Nagoli, Joseph; Pauw, Karl; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This paper is an update of Country Brief 8 in the series of Agrifood System Diagnostics coauthored by De Weerdt et al. (2023). The important addition from the previous country brief is a new section assessing agriculture’s environmental footprint, focusing on water use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by subsector and over time. Unlike the previous version, this brief does not include a forward-looking analysis—using IFPRI’s Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) model (IFPRI 2023)—of the contribution of productivity growth in agricultural value chains on agrifood transformation, employment, and socioeconomic outcomes. For a recent and extensive value chain ranking analysis that incorporates RIAPA modeling results, readers are referred to Pienaar et al. (2023). Malawi experienced slow growth in the post COVID-19 pandemic period. In addition to the economic impacts of the pandemic itself, the country suffered from high levels of public debt and a sustained balance of payments crisis. Global events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict and adverse weather events such as Cyclone Freddy and the El Niño in 2023–2024 further prevented the Malawi economy from returning to pre-pandemic growth levels. Economic growth rates have dropped from an average of 4.1 percent in 2011–2019 to 2.2 percent since 2020 (World Bank 2025), with an average growth rate of 3.8 percent per year during 2009–2022. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; environmental impact; value chains; trade; Malawi; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspp:178668 |
| By: | Anthony Wiskich |
| Abstract: | Battery vessels (BVs) have been proposed to partially electrify long-distance shipping by connecting to ocean-going vessels at sea and recharging at port, ensuring frequent cycling of the battery. While previous work has examined their maritime economics, we quantify their system-wide effects in a detailed multi-regional capacity expansion model of the Australian east coast in 2050, under multi-year weather variability. BVs have two revenue streams of comparable value - powering ships at sea and temporal grid arbitrage - and can relocate between ports. Thus, they are deployed even at costs per MWh well above stationary batteries, lowering electricity system costs (-1.3%) and reducing renewable curtailment (-31%). As peaker gas generation and electricity-sector emissions are reduced (-12%), decarbonisation through partial ship electrification is reinforced by a cleaner electricity supply. |
| Keywords: | maritime economics, decarbonisation, electricity model, battery vessels |
| JEL: | Q41 Q42 Q47 R40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2026-17 |
| By: | Lidia Vidal-Melia; Eva Camacho-Cuena; Till Requate; Israel Waichman |
| Abstract: | We experimentally investigate how the timing of, and commitment to, an environmental regulation affects efficient technology adoption under emission taxes and tradable permits. An environmental regulator can either commit ex-ante to a specific policy level or ex-post to a rule on how to adjust the policy level after firms have decided whether or not to adopt an advanced low-emission technology. In a 2x2 design, we examine the performance of the four environmental policies (ex-ante vs. ex-post; tax vs. permits), all of which should theoretically lead to the social optimum. Indeed, we find that, in all scenarios, firms' adoption of advanced technology is close to the social optimum. Regarding static efficiency, the tax policy slightly outperforms the permit policy. However, the overall efficiency is very high in all treatments, suggesting that ex-post regulations do not necessarily hinder the adoption of low-polluting technologies. |
| Keywords: | technology adoption, emissions trading, regulator commitment timing, market design experiment |
| JEL: | C92 D44 L51 Q28 Q55 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12539 |
| By: | Paula Pedraza Aguirre (DTS - Département des Technologies Solaires - LITEN / CEA-DES - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Arnaud JAY (DTS - Département des Technologies Solaires - LITEN / CEA-DES - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Monika Woloszyn; Etienne Wurtz (DTS - Département des Technologies Solaires - LITEN / CEA-DES - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Countries are responding to the need to reduce their carbon footprints by adopting new sustainable energy technologies through emerging trends and economic models. One of these trends is the 'Energy-as-a-Service' (EaaS) model, where companies assume responsibility for investment, operation, and maintenance, while consumers benefit from sustainable energy services. This model is typically structured through subscription or leasing agreements. This study aims to analyze the economic impact of integrating solar systems with conventional heating and domestic hot water (DHW) technologies in residential energy services, using a case study in France. By applying financial analysis methods such as Total Annualized Cost (TAC) and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), four technology configurations with two renewable energy inclusion scenarios are evaluated within a EaaS model structured around annual subscription payments. The study provides initial insights into how economic parameters, such as energy tariffs and financial incentives, influence the transition to energy services. Results indicate that the annual service cost varies significantly depending on factors like capital costs, equipment lifespan, interest rates, and energy prices. Additionally, the integration of photovoltaic systems (PV) suggests that the valuation of the business model can vary depending on sales structuring, highlighting the need for a global sensitivity analysis to draw more conclusive insights. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cea-05535502 |
| By: | Pedraza, Alvaro; Williams, Tomas; Zeni, Federica |
| Abstract: | Although the climate impact of carbon abatement is geographically invariant, this paper documents limited geographic fungibility in voluntary carbon markets. Firms disproportionately retire offsets in countries where they operate. The paper contrasts an Information Channel, whereby local presence improves project screening, with a Goodwill Channel, whereby supporting local projects enhances reputational visibility. The evidence supports the latter. Offsets retired within firms’ operational footprints exhibit systematically lower project quality than those sourced abroad, revealing a negative local quality gradient. This pattern persists with firm experience and generates equilibrium price-quality decoupling: in jurisdictions with concentrated local demand, prices become less responsive to project quality. The resulting distortions can generate a “market for lemons” dynamic, reallocating climate finance away from high-abatement-potential regions toward areas with greater multinational presence. Strategic corporate incentives thus weaken the allocative efficiency of voluntary carbon markets. |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11331 |
| By: | Camille Hainnaux (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Thomas Seegmuller (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of taxation of polluting products and redistribution on pollution, income and welfare inequalities. We consider a two-sector Ramsey model with a green and a polluting good, two types of households and a subsistence level of consumption for the polluting good. The environmental tax is always effective in reducing pollution regardless of the level of subsistence consumption. However, this level, together with the redistribution rate, matters at the individual level as it shapes the impact of the environmental policy on individual consumption and welfare. Looking at the stability properties of the economy, a high subsistence level of polluting consumption leads to instability or indeterminacy of the steady state, while the environmental externality reduces the scope for indeterminacy. Increasing the tax rate and redistributing more to the worker affect the occurrence of indeterminacy and instability. Considering the subsistence level of consumption and the level of redistribution among households are of importance as it determines the effects of environmental tax policy in the long term and the stability of the economy in the short term. |
| Keywords: | taxation, redistribution, pollution, inequality, heterogeneous agents, Externalities |
| Date: | 2025–10–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05538367 |
| By: | Lionel Fontagné; Cristina Mitaritonna; Gianluca Orefice; Gianluca Santoni |
| Abstract: | The average energy efficiency of the aviation sector has increased by 2.7 percent per year since 2012, falling short of the 6 percent increase in demand. Optimizing routes by reducing the number of legs per flight is one way to complement technological advances in aircraft and fuels to reduce aviation's environmental footprint. The signature of Air Service Agreements (ASAs) allows airlines to reorganize their flight routes. They reshape the international route network in a more efficient way and ultimately reduce CO2 emissions per passenger. On the other hand, ASAs increase the demand for international flights, which may offset the reduction in overall CO2 emissions by airlines. Using unique data on airline tickets and ASAs in force during the period 2012-2019, we show that the considerable reduction in per-passenger CO2 emissions due to the re-organization of international flight routes induced by ASAs is overcompensated by the additional demand for less time-consuming and, hence, more comfortable international flights. |
| Keywords: | Air Service Agreements;Air Transportation;Environment |
| JEL: | F13 L93 F64 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2026-04 |
| By: | Chloé Raffin (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | While the decarbonization of electricity is a central objective of French energy planning, the possible trajectories remain multiple and varied, particularly concerning the distribution between renewable energies and nuclear power. Each trajectory has macroeconomic impacts, particularly on employment. To address this issue, this article analyzes the impact of RTE power generation scenarios on employment in France, using the TETE input-output model and RTE cost assumptions. The results show that scenarios which tend towards a 100% renewable energy mix generate more jobs, and also require more investment. Thus, the lower number of jobs in the nuclear industry in these scenarios is more than offset by job creation due to renewables. This dynamic varies from region to region, and some will face challenges in terms of reorientation and professional training. Finally, a comparison with other studies using different methods confirms the obtained trends. |
| Abstract: | Si la décarbonation de l'électricité constitue un objectif central de la planification énergétique française, les trajectoires possibles demeurent multiples et variées, notamment en ce qui concerne la répartition entre les énergies renouvelables et le nucléaire. Chaque trajectoire a des implications macroéconomiques, en particulier sur l'emploi. Pour traiter ce sujet, cet article analyse l'impact des scénarios de production électrique élaborés par RTE sur l'emploi en France, en utilisant le modèle entrées-sorties TETE et les hypothèses de coût de RTE. Les résultats démontrent que les scénarios qui tendent vers un mix 100 % renouvelable génèrent davantage d'emplois, et nécessitent également des investissements plus importants. Ainsi, le plus faible nombre d'emplois dans le secteur nucléaire y est plus que compensé par la création d'emplois dans les filières renouvelables. Cette dynamique varie selon les régions et certaines devront faire face à des enjeux de réorientation et de formation professionnelle. Enfin, la comparaison avec d'autres études utilisant des méthodes différentes confirme les tendances obtenues. |
| Keywords: | renewable energies, nuclear, scenario, energy transition, employment, emploi, transition énergétique, scénario, énergies renouvelables, nucléaire |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05535447 |
| By: | R. Benkraiem (Audencia Business School); N. Dimic; V. Piljak; L. Swinkels |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of the media-based climate risks, grouped into physical and transition risk categories, on the international corporate bond market in the period from 2012 to 2022. We analyze the following aspects: (i) market development (developed versus emerging markets); (ii) credit quality (investment grade versus high yield bonds), (iii) industry (climate-sensitive versus non-sensitive industries), and (iv) maturity (short versus long term bonds). We find that transition risk is reflected in the global corporate bond market, but not in the emerging corporate bond market segment. Furthermore, transition risk has a material impact only on the investment grade bonds in the global corporate bond market. The industry analysis reveals that there are no consistent significant differences between climate-sensitive and climate-insensitive industries. Maturity analysis indicates that transition risk is reflected in global corporate bond market returns for both short and long terms, but this effect is less pronounced in emerging markets. Physical risk is not systematically reflected in international corporate bond returns. The subsample analysis shows higher importance of transition climate risk following the Paris Agreement in December 2015. |
| Keywords: | Climate risk, Corporate bonds, Debt, Emerging markets, Physical risk, Transition risk |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05535568 |
| By: | Pierre Biscaye (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | Chad is one of the most climate-vulnerable nations in the world. As temperatures climb and rainfall becomes more variable, the frequency of devastating floods has turned a seasonal threat into a recurring national crisis. This report analyzes fifteen years of flooding data to understand where the risk is greatest and where populations are facing growing dangers. By merging data on flooding from satellite imagery and household surveys, the research identifies critical gaps in current flood detection and adds to the evidence on the adverse household impacts of flood exposure. The findings are being used by the Chadian government and partners such as the World Bank to refine their national safety net programs, ensuring that emergency relief reaches the most vulnerable communities faster and more effectively. |
| Abstract: | Le Tchad est l'un des pays les plus vulnérables au changement climatique. Avec la hausse des températures et une pluviométrie de plus en plus variable, les inondations dévastatrices sont passées d'une menace saisonnière à une crise nationale récurrente. Ce rapport analyse quinze ans de données pour identifier les zones les plus à risque. En combinant imagerie satellite et enquêtes auprès des ménages, la recherche met en lumière les lacunes de détection actuelle et l'impact réel sur les populations. Ces résultats aident le gouvernement tchadien et la Banque mondiale à perfectionner les programmes de filets sociaux pour acheminer l'aide d'urgence plus rapidement. |
| Keywords: | Remote sensing, Vulnerability, Social protection, Floods, Climate change, Chad, Tchad, Changement climatique, Inondations, Protection sociale, Vulnérabililtés, Télédétection |
| Date: | 2026–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05528768 |
| By: | Eléonore Pérès (Université Paris-Saclay); Roland Lehoucq (CEA - CEA- Saclay - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives); Jerome Santolini (CEA - CEA- Saclay - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives); Cléo Collomb (IUT de Cachan); François Cluzel (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay); Guillaume Blanc (UPCité - Université Paris Cité, IJCLab - Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie - IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GDR Labos 1point5); Valentin Graillat (ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | This exhibition takes us to the year 2055, to a planet where ecosystems and peoples are thriving. It highlights innovations that respect Earth's limits and serve the well-being of all communities—human and non-human alike.And yet, today, an ecological and climate disaster is underway. Innovation—often reduced to technological innovation—is presented as a miracle solution, when in reality everything is connected: our lifestyles, the climate, geopolitics, the economic system, freshwater shortages, and more. Trying to solve one problem without thinking systemically doesn't make sense.So how did we get there? In this fictional and "desirable" future, what does it mean to innovate? What questions does it raise for research, technology, and engineering? This journey through time opens up a new imagination—one that motivates and inspires optimism. |
| Abstract: | Cette exposition nous projette en 2055, sur une planète Terre où les écosystèmes et les peuples se portent bien. Elle y met en lumière des innovations qui respectent les limites de la Terre, au service du bien-être de toutes les populations, humaines et non-humaines. Pourtant, aujourd'hui, un désastre écologique et climatique est en cours. L'innovation — au sens d'innovation technologique — est présentée comme la solution miracle, alors qu'en réalité tout est lié : nos modes de vie, le climat, la géopolitique, le système économique, les pénuries d'eau douce, etc. Innover pour résoudre un problème sans penser de manière systémique est un non-sens. Alors, comment avons-nous fait ? Dans cet avenir, fictif et « désirable », que veut dire innover ? Quelles questions se posent pour les métiers de la recherche, des techniques et de l'ingénierie ? Ce voyage temporel nous ouvre un nouvel imaginaire motivant et source d'optimisme. |
| Keywords: | fiction, low-tech, plancher social, social foundation, systémique, systemic, imagination, innovation, limites planétaires, planetary boundaries |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05534045 |
| By: | Azzarri, Carlo; Bamiwuye, Temilolu; Kedir Jemal, Mekamu |
| Abstract: | Climate change intensifies risks in Nigeria’s agri-food systems, disproportionately affecting women due to social inequalities that increase their vulnerability and limit their adaptive capacity. Hotspot areas are concentrated in northern and north-central Nigeria, notably Bauchi, Benue, Kano, Jigawa, Kebby, Nasarawa, Niger, Sokoto, and Zamfara. Policy actions should prioritize climate-smart agriculture, gender-sensitive climate services, and social protection to improve resilience and equity. |
| Keywords: | climate change; gender; agriculture; agrifood systems; policies; Nigeria; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gssppn:179189 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Ioanna Grypari; Yannis Ioannidis; Lydia Papadaki; Charalampos Stavridis; Nicolaos Theodossiou; Haris Papageorgiou |
| Abstract: | SDSN Greece, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, supported by SDSN Europe, have established the Sustainable Euro-Asian Seas Initiative (SEAs) to accelerate science-driven blue growth and SDG implementation in the Euro-Asian Seas and beyond. Two essential components to provide knowledge, legal certainty and security in the blue economy are the following: ensuring marine knowledge to improve access to information about the sea and enforcing maritime spatial planning to ensure efficient, sustainable, job-based and inclusive management of activities at sea. IntelComp (H2020 project) seeks to build an innovative Cloud Platform that will offer AI-based services to public administrators and policymakers across Europe for data- and evidence-driven STI policy design and implementation. One of IntelComp's focus areas is the climate change challenge, targeting the Blue Growth perspective. Within the project's framework, Living Labs (LLs) will take the role of implementing a co-creation approach and engaging all relevant stakeholders to explore, experiment with and evaluate STI policies at all stages. |
| Keywords: | Blue growth, blue economy, sustainable seas, SEAs initiative, IntelComp, STI policy, living labs |
| Date: | 2026–03–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2610 |
| By: | Mahzab, Moogdho; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Mattsson, Martin; Anowar, Md Sadat |
| Abstract: | Agriculture remains central to Bangladesh’s economy and food security, yet it is increasingly threatened by the rapid expansion of informal brick manufacturing that extracts fertile topsoil from cropland and generates heavy local pollution. This paper provides national-scale causal evidence on how brick kiln expansion affects vegetation health and agricultural productivity by combining long-run satellite observations with geolocated kiln data. We construct a spatiotemporal panel of unions and municipalities using annual the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized difference vegetation index (MODIS NDVI) from 2002–2024 and a high-resolution inventory of 9, 187 brick kilns detected through satellite imagery and machine learning. Using a continuous and staggered difference-in-differences design, we find no evidence of differential pre-trends, but we do find a clear and persistent deterioration in vegetation health following kiln establishment. The magnitude is economically meaningful: a marginal increase in kiln presence is associated with roughly a 1 percent annual decline in local vegetation productivity, with effects that persist and accumulate over time. These results are consistent with long-run soil degradation and chronic environmental exposure around kiln sites, and they imply substantial hidden costs of informal industrial growth in densely cultivated landscapes. The findings highlight the urgency of stronger enforcement of siting rules, of incentives for cleaner production technologies, and of land-use planning that protects high-productivity agricultural zones. |
| Keywords: | agricultural productivity; food security; plant health; remote sensing; drying kilns; Bangladesh; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:180697 |
| By: | Mateos, Angel; Butt, Ali A; Kim, Changmo; Nassiri, Somayeh; Harvey, John |
| Abstract: | Caltrans jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) and continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCP) are currently designed for a 40-year life (based on 10% fatigue transverse cracking and 10 punchouts per mile criteria, respectively). While this is already a long-life design, there is the concern that it may not result in the minimum possible life cycle cost and environmental impacts. The current Caltrans Highway Design Manual (HDM), including the Rigid Pavement Design Catalog, and the Standard Specifications applicable to concrete pavements, are based on this 40 year design life. This study includes recommendations for the materials, design, and construction of concrete pavements aimed at extending the design life up to 100 years. These recommendations are based on existing knowledge and tools and indicate the changes necessary to Caltrans’s existingspecifications and practices. However, uncertainties remain in traffic load and climate predictions, as well as the limitations of current durability and structural design models, all of which complicate efforts to accurately predict pavement life beyond the current 40-year standard. As part of this study, the web version of the Rigid Pavement Design Catalog has been updated to allow any design life up to 100 years. This study includes the pavement structural design, life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), and the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of three case studies, each designed for 40-, 60-, and 100-year lives. The increase in design life from 40 to 60 years required an increase in JPCP thickness of 0.05 ft. for all three case studies, which carried an increase in the initial agency construction cost of around 5%. The LCCA and LCA results indicate that increasing the design life from 40 to 60 years is expected to result in 3% life cycle agency cost savings and 24% life cycle infrastructure global warmingpotential (GWP) savings. Some road user cost savings were seen from fewer construction work zone (CWZ) closures. Smaller life cycle costs and GWP reductions were found when the design life increased from 60 to 100 years, due in part to the relatively high discount rate used in this study (3.2% per year) and the fact that the reconstruction activity for the 60-year design life already lay beyond the end of the 100-year analysis period adopted in this study. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, pavement design life, jointed plain concrete pavement (JPCP), continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), life cycle assessment (LCA), global warming potential (GWP) |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6k69q4rz |
| By: | Mahzab, Moogdho; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Mattsson, Martin; Anowar, Md Sadat |
| Abstract: | Agriculture remains central to Bangladesh’s economy and food security, yet it is increasingly threatened by the rapid expansion of informal brick manufacturing that extracts fertile topsoil from cropland and generates heavy local pollution. This paper provides national-scale causal evidence on how brick kiln expansion affects vegetation health and agricultural productivity by combining long-run satellite observations with geolocated kiln data. We construct a spatiotemporal panel of unions and municipalities using annual the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer normalized difference vegetation index (MODIS NDVI) from 2002–2024 and a high-resolution inventory of 9, 187 brick kilns detected through satellite imagery and machine learning. Using a continuous and staggered difference-in-differences design, we find no evidence of differential pre-trends, but we do find a clear and persistent deterioration in vegetation health following kiln establishment. The magnitude is economically meaningful: a marginal increase in kiln presence is associated with roughly a 1 percent annual decline in local vegetation productivity, with effects that persist and accumulate over time. These results are consistent with long-run soil degradation and chronic environmental exposure around kiln sites, and they imply substantial hidden costs of informal industrial growth in densely cultivated landscapes. The findings highlight the urgency of stronger enforcement of siting rules, of incentives for cleaner production technologies, and of land-use planning that protects high-productivity agricultural zones. |
| Keywords: | agricultural productivity; food security; plant health; remote sensing; drying kilns; Bangladesh; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:180697 |
| By: | Krishna, Eashwar; Nagan, Theja Suresh |
| Abstract: | Background: Environmental justice scholarship has documented racialized inequities in urban contexts, but rural America remains understudied despite its distinct geographies of infrastructure, access, and exposure. This study addresses how racial composition relates to the built and natural environment across nonmetropolitan counties. We argue that rural inequality is best understood through the lenses of spatial justice, structural racism, and environmental justice as a systematic lack of amenities and resources shaped by race, class, and geography. Methods: The analytic sample included 1, 965 nonmetropolitan counties (USDA RUCC ≥ 4). We compiled indicators of the built environment (park access, exercise opportunities, traffic volume, commute times, broadband access, severe housing problems, primary care shortages) and natural environment (PM2.5 exposure, frequency of adverse climate events). Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we derived a Rural Structural Environmental Disparity Index (RSEDI). The RSEDI loads most strongly on deficits in exercise opportunities, traffic connectivity, parks, primary care, broadband, and housing quality, capturing a multidimensional pattern of deprivation. We estimated OLS regression models with robust standard errors clustered by state. Analyses were conducted at the national level, stratified by rurality (RUCC codes) and Census regions, and supplemented with Moran’s I to assess spatial clustering. Results: At the national level, counties with larger Black populations had higher disparity scores (β ≈ 0.12), while those with larger Asian populations had lower scores (β ≈ –0.10). Hispanic and Native American/Alaska Native shares showed weaker or null effects once socioeconomic status and rurality were included. Stratified models revealed sharp geographic contingency. Racial disparities were concentrated in the South, where Black population share strongly predicted higher RSEDI. In the Midwest and New England, however, the association reversed sign, suggesting divergent histories of settlement, policy, and resource allocation. In contrast, the negative association with Asian population share was consistent across nearly all regions. Discussion: The findings highlight that structural inequality in rural America cannot be reduced to a single rural–urban gradient. Instead, rural environmental disparity reflects two simultaneous disadvantages: the remoteness of isolation and the neglect of peripheral zones on metropolitan edges. Policy interventions must target both infrastructural capacity (parks, exercise facilities, broadband, primary care) and systemic vulnerability to climate and environmental stressors. Ultimately, our results show that the landscapes of rural inequality are not uniform but geographically contingent, requiring nuanced interventions attuned to region, race, and rurality. |
| Date: | 2026–03–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rvj6d_v1 |
| By: | Holz, Lisa; Krämer, Christine; Birkenstock, Maren; Röder, Norbert; Sietz, Diana; Pingel, Martin; Klimek, Sebastian; Golla, Burkhard |
| Abstract: | Rund 50 % der Fläche Deutschlands werden landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Damit kommt der Landwirtschaft eine besondere Bedeutung für den Erhalt und die Förderung der biologischen Vielfalt zu. Allerdings liegen auf nationaler Ebene aktuell keine hinreichenden Daten vor, um den Zustand, die Trends und die Treiber von Biodiversitätsveränderungen in Agrarlandschaften wissenschaftlich belastbar bewerten zu können. Ziel des Projektes "Entwicklung der grundlegenden Standards für die Umsetzung eines Biodiversitätsmonitorings in der Landwirtschaft" (kurz: BM-Landwirtschaft) war es daher, grundlegende Standards als Vorbereitung für die konkrete Umsetzung eines Biodiversitätsmonitorings in der Landwirtschaft in Deutschland zu entwickeln. Der vorliegende Teilbericht befasst sich mit der agrarraumspezifischen Bewertung der Wirksamkeit und Realisierbarkeit1 bestehender Politikziele und -maßnahmen. Dafür wurden Politikziele und -maßnahmen systematisiert und zusammengefasst, die für den Schutz der Biodiversität in der Agrarlandschaft relevant sind. Insgesamt konnten acht Politikziele und -maßnahmen identifiziert werden, die für eine Operationalisierung hinreichend konkret beschrieben sind. Diese sind: • Einsatz chemischer Pestizide reduzieren, • Düngemitteleinsatz reduzieren, • Steigerung der THG-Senke des Sektors Landnutzung, Landnutzungsänderung und Forstwirtschaft (LULUCF)), • Kulturartenvielfalt erhöhen, • mehr Leguminosenanbau, • Arten und Lebensräume fördern, • mehr diverse Landschaftselemente. Die Wirksamkeit und Realisierbarkeit der einzelnen Politikziele und -maßnahmen wurde für ausgewählte Agrarräume im Rahmen von Expertenworkshops diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die Wirksamkeit und Realisierbarkeit zwischen den Agrarraumtypen unterscheiden. So kann die Verfolgung eines Ziels in einem Agrarraumtyp eine hohe ökologische Wirksamkeit entfalten, während es in einem anderen Agrarraumtyp sogar nachteilige Effekte auf den Schutz der Biodiversität haben kann. Eine agrarräumlich differenzierte Betrachtung und Verfolgung von Politikzielen und -maßnahmen könnte somit die Effektivität und Effizienz hinsichtlich des Erhaltes und der Förderung der biologischen Vielfalt in der Agrarlandschaft steigern. Aktuell sind bestehende Politikziele und -maßnahmen kaum an agrarräumlichen Gegebenheiten ausgerichtet. Dies hat zur Folge, dass Chancen zur Erreichung von Politikzielen und -maßnahmen ungenutzt bleiben, da der agrarraumspezifische Kontext bei der Auswahl und Priorisierung nicht in hinreichendem Maße berücksichtigt wird. Auch eine agrarräumlich angepasste Ausgestaltung von Politikinstrumenten wie z. B. Prämien, Ordnungsrecht, Beratung und die Berücksichtigung regionaler Potenziale sowie Problemlagen ist notwendig, um Politikziele zu erreichen. |
| Abstract: | Around 50 % of Germany's land is used for agriculture. Agriculture is therefore of particular importance for the conservation and promotion of biodiversity. However, there is currently insufficient data available at national level to enable a scientifically robust assessment of the status, trends and drivers of biodiversity changes in agricultural landscapes. The aim of the project 'Development of basic standards for the implementation of biodiversity monitoring in agriculture' (BM-Landwirtschaft for short) was therefore to develop basic standards in preparation for the concrete implementation of biodiversity monitoring in agriculture in Germany. This report Nr. 2 deals with the assessment of the effectiveness and achievability2 of existing policy objectives and measures for specific agricultural areas. To do so, policy objectives and measures that are relevant for the protection of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape were systematised and summarised. Eight policy objectives and measures were identified that are described in sufficiently concrete terms for operationalisation. These are: • Reduced use of chemical pesticides, • reduced use of fertilisers, • increased GHG sink of the land use, land use change and forestry sector, • increased crop diversity, • increased legume cultivation, • promote species and habitats, • increased diversity of landscape elements. The effectiveness and achievability of the individual policy objectives and measures were discussed for selected agricultural areas in expert workshops. It was found that these differ between the types of agricultural areas. For example, the pursuit of an objective in one type of agricultural area can have a high ecological impact, while in another type of agricultural area it can even have a negative effect on the protection of biodiversity. A spatially differentiated consideration and pursuit of policy objectives and measures could therefore increase effectiveness and efficiency with regard to the conservation and promotion of biodiversity in the agricultural landscape. At present, existing policy objectives and measures are hardly aligned with the specifics of agricultural areas. As a result, opportunities to achieve policy objectives and measures remain unused because the specific context of the agricultural area is not sufficiently taken into account when selecting and prioritising measures. The design of policy instruments such as premiums, regulatory law, advice and the consideration of regional potentials and problems is also necessary in order to achieve policy objectives. |
| Keywords: | Agrarpolitik, Umweltpolitik, Biodiversität, Landnutzung, Agricultural policy, environmental policy, biodiversity, land use |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q57 R52 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:338123 |
| By: | Phoenix, Daniel M. (Virginia Tech); Hatzisavvidou, Sophia |
| Abstract: | Net-zero commitments have become the dominant instrument of climate and energy governance. Hence, energy transitions are increasingly shaped by state-authored visions that project, stabilise, and legitimise visions of the future. Energy social science has developed rich discursive approaches to study conflicts around energy systems, infrastructures, and projects. However, it has paid comparatively less attention to two elements. The first is studying how comprehensive net-zero policy visions are constructed upstream – that is, before implementation and contestation unfold. The second is to combine different qualitative methods to address a single phenomenon. This paper addresses both gaps. It analyses net-zero governance as a formative site of political and symbolic work, where ecological limits, economic priorities, and technological assumptions are assembled into a coherent vision of transformation. The paper introduces an integrative qualitative framework for energy research. It combines discourse analysis, rhetorical analysis, and LLM-assisted interpretation. It shows its applicability using the Spanish government’s net zero policy commitments and their parliamentary contestations as a case study. The analysis shows that Spain’s net-zero governance operates through a politics of managed consensus, in which layered discourses and rhetorical performances absorb contestation while deferring to the future the more radical implications of ecological limits. The paper also responds to calls for methodological pluralism in energy research by demonstrating it in practice. Beyond the case study, the findings help explain why net-zero governance in Europe, while designed to build consensus, may itself generate the conditions for backlash. |
| Date: | 2026–03–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2f5en_v1 |
| By: | Rich Ryan; Nyakundi Michieka |
| Abstract: | The US economy is transitioning away from fossil fuels toward sources of green energy. California policymakers have adopted the goal of carbon neutrality by 2045 or earlier. Within California, Kern County accounts for over 70 percent of oil produced within the state. To understand how the transition may affect opportunities in Kern, we propose a structural vector autoregressive model the jointly explains the crude-oil market and the evolution of employment in Kern. We use monthly data from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages to measure employment. While industries directly involved in the extraction of fossil fuels employ less than 2 percent of workers, the oil market is responsible for 11 percent of the variation in employment growth. Employment in Kern would be currently 6.4 percent lower absent the influence of the global oil market. We explain these large effects using a theoretical framework of production that relies on a network of input-output linkages. The findings may be useful to policymakers designing place-based policy aimed at helping vulnerable oil-dependent regions. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.23462 |
| By: | Thomas Dulak; Guntram Wolff |
| Abstract: | Since the first green bond was issued in 2007, the market has expanded significantly and now accounts for around 3% of the global bond universe. Westudy the liquidity of green bonds. In particular, we are the first to investigategreen bonds’ daily trading volumes and frequency with a unique dataset fromEuroclear. Studying these dimensions of liquidity is particularly important in relatively small markets. Our dataset, covering the period 2020 to 2025, allows us todirectly compare green bonds with conventional bonds. We find that green bondsdo not suffer from a systematic liquidity disadvantage relative to conventionalbonds. On the contrary, they are traded in higher aggregate volumes, drivenby more frequent trading rather than by larger transaction sizes. These differences persist during periods of heightened market-wide stress. Within the greenbond universe, third-party certification is associated with higher trading volumesthrough more intensive trading when bonds are active, while green bonds funding more common project types are traded more regularly than bonds financingmore niche projects |
| Keywords: | Green bonds; Bond liquidity; Trading activity; Market stress; Certification |
| JEL: | G11 G23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/404323 |
| By: | Liang, Xiaofan (University of Michigan) |
| Abstract: | As data centers proliferate, urban planners play a key role in permitting associated land uses and anticipating their system-wide impacts on the built environment and urban life. Yet the current information landscape is fragmented across the energy, water, and regulatory sectors, with uneven quality and sometimes contradictory claims. This white paper addresses a central question: what are data centers’ implications for the urban life and built environment, and how are those implications anchored in specific data center infrastructure components? It begins by introducing major data center types, the concept of redundancy, and typical infrastructure configurations, including a visual schematic of a stylized, simplified hyperscale data center. It then examines the energy, water, land use, quality of life, economic, and environmental implications of data centers. The writing draws on desktop research using high-quality sources and interviews with nine industry stakeholders, including data center developers, urban planners, elected officials, and contractors. Together, the paper provides a “Data Centers 101” mental model to help planners see the big picture and engage more confidently with data center proposals. |
| Date: | 2026–02–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ymqa8_v1 |
| By: | Mario Liebensteiner; Johannes Paha |
| Abstract: | Chronic electricity shortages constrain growth and welfare in many developing countries, where load shedding rations demand. Intermittent renewables can ease shortages, but their effects depend on how infeed timing aligns with scarcity. Using high-frequency data from South Africa and an instrumental-variables strategy, we estimate the effect of wind and solar generation on electricity rationing. On average, an additional MWh of wind generation reduces load shedding by 0.28 MWh, while an additional MWh of solar generation reduces it by 0.40 MWh. Wind provides a more robust reliability contribution across the day, including the evening peak, whereas solar benefits are concentrated in daylight hours. Our estimates permit a welfare-based evaluation of renewable investment. We show that the implied reliability benefits exceed benchmark investment costs by a wide margin and are complemented by sizeable climate and local air-pollution co-benefits. |
| Keywords: | load shedding, renewable energy, rolling blackouts, South Africa |
| JEL: | L94 O13 Q41 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12540 |
| By: | Sonia Quiroga (UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]); Cristina Suárez (UAH - Universidad de Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, España] = University of Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, Spain] = Université d'Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, Espagne]); Juan Diego Solís; Pablo Martínez-Juárez (UAH - Universidad de Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, España] = University of Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, Spain] = Université d'Alcalá [Alcalá de Henares, Espagne]); Juan Fernández-Manjarrés (ESE - Ecologie, Société et Evolution (ex-Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution) - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will have a permanent impact on the Mesoamerican agricultural sector. Current crops, such as shade coffee that is grown in middle-elevation areas, are already showing signs of climatic stress and may not secure agricultural subsistence. Therefore, the first stages of crop diversification are being observed in countries such as Nicaragua, where the migration of new crops like non-shade cocoa may lead to a reorganisation of ecological and social structure. Diversification is an already undergoing process whose underlying motivations and decision-making are not yet fully understood. This study analyses subjacent motivations and contexts that lead to the potential incorporation of cocoa crops in presentday Nicaraguan coffee farms. To achieve that, three main motivations were identified: climatic, economic, and governmental. An econometric analysis was performed over the variables that affect farmers' motivations and decisions to analyse first this decision-making process and, second to understand how social and climatic evolution over the next decades will impact the context under which agricultural output is shaped. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04963268 |
| By: | Duncan Mortimer (Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Australia); Rohan Sweeney (Centre for Health Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Australia); Amelia Turagabeci (College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University); Sepesa Rasili (Consultant & Fiji Council of Social Services member) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is forcing difficult choices between in-place adaptation and relocation for Pacific Island communities, yet policy responses often rely on participatory planning frameworks that privilege louder voices or implicitly assume a consensus of preferences. We surveyed 476 adults across 25 at- risk Fijian villages using a discrete choice experiment to understand how individuals evaluate trade- offs between alternative future living arrangements, including location, services, housing, income opportunities, climate risk, and cultural connection. Our analysis identifies three distinct preference types—movers, stayers, and adapters—with sometimes conflicting priorities. While movers and adapters are generally willing to relocate to climate-resilient locations, stayers prefer to remain in their existing villages even in the absence of significant adaptation investment. These divergent preferences reveal relocation and in-place adaptation as spatially constrained and contested choices. Uncoordinated household-level decisions by movers and adapters risk redistributing rural populations across to urban centres and fragmenting communities. Preservation of connection to community and place may therefore require deliberate coordination and compromise at the community level, including the design of new climate-resilient settlements that accommodate the preferences of stayers. Recognising heterogeneous preferences and the limits of consensus-based participation is essential for designing community adaptation pathways that are socially, culturally, and spatially just and acceptable. |
| Keywords: | climate change adaptation, climate-induced relocation, Pacific Island communities, community preferences, discrete choice experiment |
| JEL: | Q54 R23 Q51 O15 D71 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mhe:chemon:2026-04 |
| By: | Ashok Gulati (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Deepak Guptа; Subhodeep Basu |
| Abstract: | India's electricity distribution system continues to face a structural imbalance. Publicly owned Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) bear the dual burden of universal service obligations and sometimes politically determined tariffs. This results in persistent financial losses, particularly in rural supply. While renewable energy expansion has accelerated nationally, it remains heavily centralised, doing little to alleviate the high cost of rural power delivery. Agriphotovoltaics (APV), the dual use of land for solar power generation while continuing agriculture, offers a structural innovation that can bridge this gap. By generating electricity directly within rural feeders, APV systems reduce transmission losses, defer infrastructure investments, and transform farmers from subsidised consumers into energy partners. Drawing on ICRIER’s pilot projects in Rajasthan and Odisha, the brief demonstrates how farmer-led APV models can align renewable energy deployment with livelihood enhancement. A sensitivity analysis of the Rajasthan pilot reveals that while capital subsidies can ease entry barriers, a remunerative Feed-in Tariff (FiT) of around INR 4.40/kWh is critical for ensuring long-term financial viability and scalability. The findings highlight the need for policy recalibration that recognises APV as both a decentralised energy solution and a rural development instrument that would be capable of improving DISCOM viability, enhancing farmer incomes, and advancing India's just energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Agriphotovoltaics, farmers-income, business models, Feed-in-Tariff, PM KUSUM, icrier |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:62 |
| By: | Garnett, Emma; Green, Judith; Steinbach, Rebecca; Lewis, Daniel |
| Abstract: | Digital technologies are increasingly enfolded in citizenship projects - from apps that contribute to the enactment of individual health maintenance for neoliberal citizens, through to more activist engagements using citizen-generated data for environmental justice. We use Sarah Pink and colleagues’ metaphor of ‘broken data’ to explore how one device – a commercially available pollution sensor – was anticipated and used in practice for such citizenship practices by volunteers in one city. The device, at one level, failed in many ways. It produced unreliable data doubles: digital representations of air that failed to correlate with users’ own embodied experiences or tacit knowledge. The data generated by the device failed to afford mitigating actions for personal citizenship responsibilities. The data generated could not be directly accessed, nor easily shared with others in ways conducive to collective action. The disconnects between haptic and digital data highlighted the instability of the sensor, as a hybrid of personal device and political tool. However, in grappling with their ‘broken’ air pollution data, participants mobilized different sensing capacities that afforded (with varying degrees of success) citizenship projects by enacting ‘responsible’ engagements with the city and other citizens, and with more activist imaginaries. Data practices, we suggest, happen alongside citizenship projects, but do not necessarily enable those projects. |
| Date: | 2026–03–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ufkzr_v1 |
| By: | Rausch, Sebastian; Hornung, Mirko |
| Abstract: | Die Dekarbonisierung des Luftverkehrs stellt eine erhebliche Herausforderung dar und erfordert entschlossene politische Maßnahmen sowie starke Anreize für den Einsatz nachhaltiger Flugkraftstoffe (Sustainable Aviation Fuels, SAF). Derzeit kommen sowohl marktbasierte als auch regulative Instrumente zum Einsatz - etwa das europäische Emissionshandelssystem (EU ETS), die EU-weite SAF-Quote und das internationale Kompensationssystem CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation). Eine neue ZEW-Studie zeigt: Die Marktstruktur und der Wettbewerbsgrad haben entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Kosteneffektivität klimapolitischer Instrumente. Unter Bedingungen des vollkommenen Wettbewerbs sind CO2-Steuern ein kosteneffektiver Weg, um Emissionen zu mindern. Haben Fluggesellschaften jedoch Marktmacht, sind SAF-Quoten vorteilhafter, da sie die Nachfrage stabilisieren und zugleich den Einsatz nachhaltiger Kraftstoffe fördern. Die klimapolitischen Maßnahmen der EU im Luftverkehrssektor sind geeignet, um Emissionen zu reduzieren. Ihre globale Wirkung bleibt jedoch begrenzt. Das stark steigende Passagieraufkommen treibt die Kosten für die Erreichung eines Netto-Null-Emissionswachstums erheblich und unterstreicht, dass internationale Maßnahmen sowie regulatorische Anreize für den Einsatz von SAF unverzichtbar sind. Sollten die im Rahmen von CORSIA verwendeten Offsetting-Zertifikate keine echten Emissionseinsparungen bewirken, besteht die Gefahr, dass die Abhängigkeit von fossilen Flugkraftstoffen fortgeschrieben und die Dekarbonisierung des Luftverkehrs verzögert wird. |
| Keywords: | Luftverkehr, Dekarbonisierung, EU-Klimapolitik |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:338262 |
| By: | Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Freddy Firmansyah (Bank Indonesia); Melyanna Nur Ainni (Bank Indonesia); Honesty Saffira Putri (Bank Indonesia); Mohammad Marza Naufal (Bank Indonesia); Hilya Jannatul Imron (Bank Indonesia); Owen Alberto Liem (Bank Indonesia); Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Ratna Oktriyani (Bank Indonesia); Rudy Marhastari (Bank Indonesia); Dila Safitri (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This research aims to formulate a circular economy-based MSME business model through a pilot program at several Bank Indonesia Domestic Representative Offices. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative analysis, including Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), Social Benefit-Cost Ratio (SBCR), and an Input-Output model, with qualitative analysis through interviews, FGDs, and field observations. The results of the study show that the implementation of the circular economy by MSMEs provides significant economic and social benefits, including increased cost efficiency, increased value creation, reduced waste, and a positive contribution to labor absorption. The integration of social benefits into the feasibility analysis showed an increase in the SBCR ratio, reinforcing the argument that the circular economy plays a role in lowering environmental impact and improving local well-being. This study recommends strengthening supply chain partnerships, increasing access to green financing, advancing business digitalization, implementing quality certification, and developing cluster ecosystems as acceleration strategies. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, MSMEs, Input-Output, Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| JEL: | C67 L26 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp112025 |
| By: | Sietz, Diana; Birkenstock, Maren; Golla, Burkhard; Krämer, Christine; Pingel, Martin; Holz, Lisa; Röder, Norbert; Klimek, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | Die Intensivierung und Spezialisierung der Nahrungsmittelproduktion haben die Landwirtschaft fundamental umgestaltet und die Biodiversitätskrise angetrieben. Bisher einheitlich formulierte agrarumweltpolitische Ziele und Maßnahmen konnten diesen Verlust nicht aufhalten. Jedoch können regional differenzierte Zielbilder eine wichtige Grundlage liefern, um Agrarlandschaften so umzugestalten, dass sich Biodiversität und Landwirtschaft in der Zukunft wirkungsvoll ergänzen. Zielbilder beschreiben einen zukünftig angestrebten Zustand von Biodiversität und Ökosystemleistungen in der Landwirtschaft zusammen mit einer dafür notwendigen Transformation, d. h. einem nachhaltigen Umbau von landwirtschaftlichen Produktionssystemen und Agrarlandschaften. In diesem Working Paper stellen wir eine Methodik vor, um transformative Zielbilder zu entwickeln. Die Methodik basiert auf einer Klassifizierung der Agrarräume Deutschlands, die Hinweise auf typische Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zwischen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion und Biodiversität liefert. Diese Klassifizierung bildet die Grundlage, um agrarökologische Bewirtschaftungsansätze als Eckpunkte des transformativen Wandels zu bündeln und transformative Zielbilder auf agrarraumspezifische Charakteristika zuzuschneiden. Der Zuschnitt berücksichtigt das gegenwärtige Niveau der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion, den potentiell erreichbaren Zustand der Biodiversität und die zugrundeliegenden Ursache-Wirkungsbeziehungen zwischen der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion und biologischen Vielfalt. Zum Beispiel fokussiert das Zielbild für aktuell sehr intensiv ackerbaulich genutzte, ausgeräumte Agrarlandschaften darauf, vielfältige Lebensräume für wildlebende Arten wiederherzustellen und weitgehend auf synthetische Dünger und chemischen Pflanzenschutz zu verzichten. Im Gegensatz dazu betont das Zielbild in derzeit sehr intensiven Tierhaltungsregionen die Notwendigkeit, die Tierbestände stark zu mindern, an die Fläche das Pflanzenbaus zu binden und artgerecht zu halten. Demgegenüber ist eine standortangepasste und wirtschaftlich vertretbare Weiternutzung in aktuell extensiv beweideten Agrarlandschaften zielführend. Die hier vorgestellten Zielbilder, die handlungsleitend wirksam sein sollen, ermöglichen es, die Wirksamkeit und Effizienz von Biodiversitäts- und Agrarpolitiken zu überprüfen. Sie helfen, agrarumweltpolitische Förderinstrumente in Zukunft auf typische Wirkungsbeziehungen auszurichten und die Zielerreichung anhand spezifischer Indikatoren zu überprüfen. Damit fördern die Zielbilder eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Beratung der Agrarumweltpolitik und deren Neuausrichtung auf wirksame Agrarumweltmaßnahmen, die den Trend des Biodiversitätsverlustes aufhalten und umkehren können. |
| Abstract: | Intensification and specialisation of food production have fundamentally altered agriculture and triggered the biodiversity crisis. Currently uniformly defined agri-environmental policy goals and measures have not overcome this crisis. However, regional differentiated guiding principles can deliver an important basis to transform agricultural landscapes in such a way that biodiversity and agriculture meaningfully complement each other. Guiding principles depict desired future ways in which biodiversity and ecosystem services interact with agriculture together with a transformation, i.e., a fundamental reorganisation of agricultural production systems and landscapes, necessary to enable the desired interactions. In this Working Paper, we present a methodology to develop transformative guiding principles. The methodology rests on a classification of agricultural land systems in Germany delivering hints on typical cause-effect relations between agricultural production and biodiversity. This classification provides the basis to bundle agroecological approaches as cornerstones of transformative change and to tailor transformative guiding principles to the specific characteristics of agricultural land system types. The tailoring considers the current level of agricultural production, the potential future biodiversity state and the underlying cause-effect relations between agricultural production and biodiversity. For example, guiding principles in currently very intensively used cropping systems in homogenised landscapes focus on re-establishing diverse habitats for wild species and largely refraining from the use of synthetic fertilisers and chemical pesticides. In contrast, guiding principles in very intensive livestock production regions highlight the need to significantly reduce livestock numbers, adapt these numbers to the available area of plant production and comply with standards of animal welfare. Moreover, a locally adapted and economically viable continuation of land use would be essential in presently extensive grazing in biodiverse agricultural landscapes. The guiding principles presented here, defined to trigger transformative action, enable an evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of biodiversity and agricultural policies. They help tailor future agri-environmental policy instruments to typical causal relations and to monitor the achievement of policy goals based on specific indicators. The guiding principles foster a science-based policy advice and a re-design of agri-environmental measures so that they enable a halt and reversal of the on-going biodiversity loss. |
| Keywords: | Agrarökologie, Biodiversität, Landnutzung, Lenkung, Transformation, Zielbilder, Agroecology, biodiversity, guiding principles, land use, tailoring |
| JEL: | Q10 Q15 Q18 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:338124 |
| By: | Tenkhoff, Leona; Voigt, Lisa |
| Abstract: | Als in Belém die 30. Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen (COP30) zusammenkam, stand der umliegende Regenwald im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. Die Tagung wurde daher auch als "Wald-COP" bezeichnet. Als eines ihrer Schlüsselprojekte initiierte die brasilianische Regierung als Gastgeberin die Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF). Es handelt sich dabei um einen Fonds für den Schutz und die Wiederherstellung bestehender Regenwälder, der auf innovative Weise multilaterale Zusammenarbeit durch Mischfinanzierung ermöglichen soll. Nach wie vor besteht eine Lücke zwischen der aktuellen Waldfinanzierung und dem, was erforderlich ist, um die Ziele der Rio-Konventionen von 1992 zu erreichen. Deutschland und weitere europäische Staaten haben Investitionen in den Fonds zugesagt und könnten dessen Umsetzung mitgestalten. Für die Waldrestaurierung bedarf es allerdings ergänzender Finanzierungsmechanismen, die ausgebaut werden sollten. Dennoch liegt nicht aller Erfolg darin, Gelder verfügbar zu machen. Mechanismen zur Waldfinanzierung müssen das Anliegen, die Kohlenstoffbindung und -speicherung in Wäldern zu erhöhen, mit Biodiversitäts- und Nachhaltigkeitszielen in Einklang bringen und gleichzeitig die Rechte der lokalen Bevölkerung wahren. |
| Keywords: | 30, Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen (COP30), Belém, Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), Wälder, Waldfinanzierung, Waldrestaurierung, Rio-Konventionen, Klimaziele, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)ANO, Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:338260 |
| By: | Lionel Fontagné (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Cristina Mitaritonna (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Gianluca Orefice (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Gianluca Santoni (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | The average energy efficiency of the aviation sector has increased by 2.7 percent per year since 2012, falling short of the 6 percent increase in demand. Optimizing routes by reducing the number of legs per flight is one way to complement technological advances in aircraft and fuels to reduce aviation's environmental footprint. The signature of Air Service Agreements (ASAs) allows airlines to reorganize their flight routes. They reshape the international route network in a more efficient way and ultimately reduce CO 2 emissions per passenger. On the other hand, ASAs increase the demand for international flights, which may offset the reduction in overall CO 2 emissions by airlines. Using unique data on airline tickets and ASAs in force during the period 2012-2019, we show that the considerable reduction in per-passenger CO 2 emissions due to the re-organization of international flight routes induced by ASAs is overcompensated by the additional demand for less time-consuming and, hence, more comfortable international flights. |
| Keywords: | Air Service Agreements, Air Transportation, Environment |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-05545525 |
| By: | Simon Greenhill; Brant J. Walker; Joseph S. Shapiro |
| Abstract: | Projecting the effects of proposed policy reforms is challenging because no outcome data exist for regulations that governments have not yet implemented. We propose an ex ante deep learning framework that can project effects of proposed reforms by mapping outcomes observed under past regulations onto the legal criteria of proposed future policies (i.e., by “relabeling”). We apply this framework to study changes in jurisdiction of the US Clean Water Act (CWA). We compare our ex ante deep learning projection of jurisdiction under the Supreme Court’s Sackett decision against widely used projections from domain experts. Ex ante machine learning generates exceptional performance improvements over the leading domain expert model that the US Environmental Protection Agency currently uses, with 65 times more accurate identification of jurisdictional sites. We also develop an ex post deep learning model trained with data after policy implementation. Ex post deep learning performs best. Sackett deregulates one-third of all previously regulated US waters, particularly floodplains and pristine fish habitats, totaling 700, 000 deregulated stream miles and 17 million deregulated wetland acres. Deep learning can effectively project consequences of far-reaching regulatory reforms before they are implemented, when projections are both most uncertain and most useful. |
| JEL: | C45 D61 H11 H23 K32 Q25 Q53 Q58 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34947 |
| By: | Wissal Zribi (ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); Talel Boufateh; Duc K. Nguyen; Thomas Walther |
| Keywords: | Structure threshold VAR, SV, varying SVAR, time, carbon efficiency, Carbon prices, Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05493722 |
| By: | M. Asghar, M; J. Shen (Audencia Business School); N. Gull, N; J. Khan, J; Z. D. Xiong, Z.D |
| Abstract: | Regardless of the role of service-oriented leadership in co-creating green value for customers in the hospitality industry, this study aims to investigate how service-oriented leadership influences employees' service performance through green self-efficacy and shared vision, particularly in the hospitality sector. This study explores the multilevel moderating role of green shared vision in the relationship between green self-efficacy and employee service performance. We collected data from 545 hotel employees using time-lagged and multilevel structural equation modeling. The study results indicate that service-oriented leadership has a significant influence on employee service performance, which is mediated by green self-efficacy and a shared vision. Furthermore, the findings suggest that a shared green vision moderates the relationship between green self-efficacy and employee service performance, thereby enhancing employee service performance. The study provides theoretical insights, practical implications, and valuable recommendations for managers in the hospitality sector. |
| Keywords: | Hotel sector, Service performance, Green self-efficacy, Green shared vision, Service-oriented leadership |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05519797 |
| By: | Sarah C. Armitage; Judson Boomhower; Catherine Hausman |
| Abstract: | Reallocation of assets across firms can lead to efficiency gains, but it can also lead to distortions via rent-seeking. We examine the link between asset reallocation and rent-seeking enabled by differences in the expected cost of environmental liabilities. Focusing on the US oil and gas industry, we develop a conceptual framework that incorporates both firm specialization in well types and the judgment-proof problem, by which undercapitalized firms can avoid environmental liabilities. We then build a novel dataset with hundreds of thousands of well transfers over 1992 to 2023, showing that oil and gas wells are transferred frequently, particularly as they age and their revenues decline. Moreover, low-value wells are especially likely to be transferred to low-value firms. Transferred wells produce similar amounts in later years, but are less likely to be plugged – thus posing greater environmental risk. We conclude with policy implications related to well plugging, bonding requirements, and decarbonization. |
| JEL: | G33 G34 L25 L71 Q35 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34961 |
| By: | Jovanovic, Nina; Darwish, Maram; Kurdi, Sikandra; Yamauchi, Futoshi |
| Abstract: | This policy note summarizes findings from a clustered randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted in eastern Yemen to assess the impacts of subsidized solar powered drip irrigation systems on smallholder farmers’ production decisions and household food security. The study provides causal evidence on how subsidizing solar drip irrigation for smallholders affects crop choice, market engagement, and welfare outcomes in a fragile, water-scarce context. The intervention led to a significant shift in cropping patterns, with treated farmers becoming less likely to cultivate cereals and more likely to grow higher-value horticultural crops. Treated households also sold a greater share of their harvest in markets during the first season following installation, suggesting increased commercialization. However, the study did not detect significant short-term impacts on household food security, indicating that production changes did not immediately translate into improved consumption outcomes. |
| Keywords: | climate change adaptation; solar energy; irrigation; evaluation; solar powered irrigation systems; trickle irrigation; groundwater irrigation; irrigation systems; Yemen; Western Asia; Middle East |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masprn:179369 |
| By: | Gregory Casey (Williams College); ; ; |
| Abstract: | "How will energy availability affect economic growth? Carefully identified microeconomic estimates suggest that the short-run impact of energy availability on economic outcomes is small. Building on recent advances in the environmental macroeconomics literature, I examine the difference between short- and long-run impacts of energy policy in two quantitative growth models. Both models suggest that the long-run impact of energy availability on output is almost twice as large as the short-run impact. Policies that increase energy availability may be more effective at boosting output than suggested in the existing literature." |
| Keywords: | Energy, Economic Growth, Development |
| JEL: | O44 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–07–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wil:wileco:2025_109 |
| By: | Marivoet, Wim; Alphonce, Roselyne |
| Abstract: | Tanzania’s food system faces increasing pressure from rapid urbanization, population growth, and shifting consumer preferences toward more nutritious and diverse diets. This study analyzes how these macro trends will affect national food supply needs by 2050 and identifies key policy entry points to ensure an efficient, sustainable, and equitable food system transformation. Using census data (2012–2022) and the National Panel Survey (2020/21), combined with two international healthy diet benchmarks – the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet (ELRD) and the Hypothetical Micronutrient Adequate Diet (HMAD) – the report projects the required food supply volumes to provide all Tanzanians with healthy diets by 2050. Tanzania’s population is projected to more than double, from 59.8 million in 2020/21 to 138.1 million by 2050, with the share of urban residents rising from 34.5% to 55.4%. This demographic shift implies that a relatively smaller rural workforce will need to feed a much larger and more urban population, requiring higher productivity and stronger rural-urban linkages. Current diets in Tanzania are heavily dominated by cereals and sugar products and contain too few fruits, dairy products, and eggs (according to both healthy diet references) combined with insufficient amounts of vegetables (according to ELRD) as well as meat and fish products (according to HMAD). To assure a heathy diet for all by 2050, the supplies and consumption of food from these food groups must expand substantially. This not only requires that total annual food supplies increase from 24 million tons to 52 million tons (under ELRD) or 62 million tons (under HMAD), but certainly also that its composition change dramatically: vegetables by roughly 3 times of current supply; oils by 4 times; fruits by 5 times; dairy by 8 times; eggs by 10 times (under ELRD) and 37 times (under HMAD), and meat and fish by 4 and 8 times (under HMAD), respectively. In contrast, cereal and sugar production can remain stable or even decrease slightly without compromising nutritional adequacy. Meeting these targets requires significant productivity gains. For key commodities such as milk, oranges, sunflower oil, tomatoes, and beans, yield improvements of 2-10 times current levels are needed, though still within feasible global productivity frontiers. Addressing post-harvest losses (PHL) and expanding processing, cold storage, and urban agriculture are possibly also critical avenues to reduce waste and improve food availability. From an environmental viewpoint, the study urges the adoption of sustainable intensification practices and climate-smart livestock management, with emphasis on reducing emissions per unit of output, diversifying protein sources toward fish and poultry, and improving logistics and market inclusion for smallholders. In policy terms, the report highlights alignment between its findings and Tanzania’s Agriculture Master Plan (2024), noting that 12 of the 20 government-prioritized commodities (e.g., banana, avocado, tomatoes, sunflower, beans, and dairy) are also essential for future healthy diets. However, important food items such as eggs, onions, leafy vegetables, mangoes, and oranges remain underemphasized and deserve greater policy focus. The agenda on PHL, though formally acknowledged, is also inadequately mainstreamed into Tanzania’s broader agricultural policy framework. In conclusion, achieving healthy diets for all Tanzanians by 2050 will require, in addition to raising nutrition awareness and improving economic affordability among the population: • A more than doubling of total food supplies with major shifts toward nutrient-rich foods, • Substantial agricultural productivity and efficiency gains, • A stronger emphasis on reducing PHL and strengthening urban food systems, and • A coordinated policy focus on nutrition-sensitive and environmentally sustainable production. |
| Keywords: | food systems; urbanization; consumers; food supply; Tanzania; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:poshdn:178094 |
| By: | Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Karim, Ridwan |
| Abstract: | Identifying threshold effects of extreme heat is key to understanding the true scale of climate-related risks to human capital development. This paper investigates how extreme heat shapes adolescent schooling and labor outcomes in rural Bangladesh, combining household survey data on adolescents with high-resolution temperature records to estimate the effects of prior-year, cumulative, and early-life heat exposure. We identify a precise temperature threshold at 36°C, above which each additional day reduces school attendance by 3.1 percentage points and increases child labor by 2.5 percentage points. Below this threshold, moderate heat (30-36°C) shows minimal single-year effects, though cumulative exposure over three years reveals significant negative impacts, indicating limited household adaptation. Effects are disproportionately concentrated among girls, who shift primarily toward household work rather than wage labor. Three interconnected channels drive these effects: heat-induced income shocks (11% reduction in household income), increased domestic labor demands from heat-related illness, and restrictive gender norms that amplify these impacts by magnifying girls’ household responsibilities. Extending the analysis to early-life conditions, exposure during the first 1, 000 days also reduces adolescent schooling probability by 3.4-3.8 percentage points, with strongest effects at ages one and two. Boys show slightly larger early-life effects, contrasting with girls’ greater vulnerability to contemporaneous exposure, suggesting distinct mechanisms operating through biological development versus gendered household labor allocation. The findings point to both immediate income-mediated responses and long-term developmental pathways, with implications for temperature-triggered social protection, school infrastructure investments, and early-life health interventions. |
| Keywords: | heat stress; schools; children; rural areas; labour; heatwaves; child labour; climate change; adolescents; Bangladesh; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:180558 |
| By: | Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Karim, Ridwan |
| Abstract: | Identifying threshold effects of extreme heat is key to understanding the true scale of climate-related risks to human capital development. This paper investigates how extreme heat shapes adolescent schooling and labor outcomes in rural Bangladesh, combining household survey data on adolescents with high-resolution temperature records to estimate the effects of prior-year, cumulative, and early-life heat exposure. We identify a precise temperature threshold at 36°C, above which each additional day reduces school attendance by 3.1 percentage points and increases child labor by 2.5 percentage points. Below this threshold, moderate heat (30-36°C) shows minimal single-year effects, though cumulative exposure over three years reveals significant negative impacts, indicating limited household adaptation. Effects are disproportionately concentrated among girls, who shift primarily toward household work rather than wage labor. Three interconnected channels drive these effects: heat-induced income shocks (11% reduction in household income), increased domestic labor demands from heat-related illness, and restrictive gender norms that amplify these impacts by magnifying girls’ household responsibilities. Extending the analysis to early-life conditions, exposure during the first 1, 000 days also reduces adolescent schooling probability by 3.4-3.8 percentage points, with strongest effects at ages one and two. Boys show slightly larger early-life effects, contrasting with girls’ greater vulnerability to contemporaneous exposure, suggesting distinct mechanisms operating through biological development versus gendered household labor allocation. The findings point to both immediate income-mediated responses and long-term developmental pathways, with implications for temperature-triggered social protection, school infrastructure investments, and early-life health interventions. |
| Keywords: | heat stress; schools; children; rural areas; labour; heatwaves; child labour; climate change; adolescents; Bangladesh; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:180558 |
| By: | Eunjee Kwon; Marcel Henkel; Pierre Magontier |
| Abstract: | We document that U.S. hurricanes striking close to Election Day trigger larger public spending responses and sustained population inflows than comparable hurricanes occurring between elections. Exploiting quasi-random variation in hurricane timing, we show that electoral incentives shape post- disaster policy with lasting spatial consequences. A quantitative spatial equilibrium model implies that eliminating these electoral timing distortions would raise aggregate welfare by 0.025%, but the aggregate gain masks an 18:1 asymmetry in per-capita stakes between losers and gainers. This distributional asymmetry rationalizes the persistence of these electoral distortions. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, political budget cycles |
| JEL: | Q54 D72 H53 H84 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1566 |
| By: | Fabio Artuso (ADB - Asian Development Bank); Julian L Clarke (ADB - Asian Development Bank); Lionel Fontagné (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Mahdi Ghodsi (WIIW - Wiener Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsvergleiche); Gianluca Santoni (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Non-tariff measures (NTMs), especially sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBTs), have become crucial components of climate, industrial, and regulatory policy, impacting the majority of global trade. However, quantifying their effects on trade is challenging because NTMs are usually non-discriminatory and challenging to identify in standard gravity frameworks. Using a multistage structural gravity estimation strategy combined with a control-function correction for endogeneity, we estimate the trade elasticities and ad valorem equivalents of NTMs at the HS6 level for over 5, 000 products. Our results reveal significant heterogeneity in NTM trade costs, especially in environmentally relevant sectors, such as clean technologies and electric vehicles. These estimates can inform regulatory impact assessments and general-equilibrium analyses of climate-aligned trade policies. |
| Keywords: | Non-tariff measures, Ad valorem equivalents, Environmental goods, Critical minerals |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-05545520 |
| By: | Yuqun Zhou |
| Abstract: | Climate-driven flood risk increasingly necessitates managed retreat through government buyout programmes, yet empirical evidence documents substantial racial and economic disparities in programme implementation. Here we develop a three-level Stackelberg game to analyse how federal-local cost-sharing arrangements generate inequitable outcomes through strategic interactions among federal authorities, local governments, and heterogeneous homeowners. Our model reveals three distinct mechanisms driving inequity: differential discount rates across income groups, local governments' tax-base preservation incentives, and participation thresholds that exclude fiscally constrained communities. Numerical analysis of 34, 493 households across nine flood-prone US regions demonstrates that the current Federal Emergency Management Agency 75/25 cost-sharing arrangement produces a relocation ratio gap of 0.26--low-income households relocate at roughly one-quarter the rate of high-income households. Achieving near-equity requires federal cost shares of at least 85%, though equity-weighted mechanisms can attain similar outcomes at 25% lower cost. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for understanding observed disparities and identify policy levers for more equitable climate adaptation. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.23379 |
| By: | MHA Ridhwan (Bank Indonesia); Meily Ika Permata (Bank Indonesia); Rudy Marhastari (Bank Indonesia); Fichrie Fachrowi Adli (Bank Indonesia); Leinnia Fawaqa (Bank Indonesia); Rasyid Ramadhan (Bank Indonesia); Amanda Lethizya Lestari (Bank Indonesia); Annisa Fisakinah (Bank Indonesia); Muhammad Adamul Khair (Bank Indonesia); Yulian Zifar Ayustira (Bank Indonesia); Gandhiano Dwi Putra (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses Indonesia’s strategy of downstreaming crude palm oil (CPO) into biodiesel, with a focus on higher blending mandates (B50 and above) and their implications for energy security, macroeconomic stability, and sustainability. We combine CPO and biodiesel material balance sheets with trade and subsidy accounting to quantify diesel import savings, foregone CPO export earnings, and fiscal needs under alternative blending scenarios. These sectoral results are then integrated into a 207-sector, multiregional computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Indonesia, calibrated using national and interregional input–output tables, as well as empirically derived shocks for diesel and biodiesel output under B50, B60, and B70. The findings show that while biodiesel blending clearly reduces dependence on imported diesel and supports the government’s renewable energy and downstreaming objectives at moderate blend levels, higher mandates generate increasing macroeconomic and fiscal costs. For B50–B70, foregone CPO export revenues systematically exceed diesel import savings, the current account deficit widens, real GDP and household consumption fall, and GRDP declines in all major palm oil–producing provinces. Subsidy requirements rise sharply as biodiesel remains structurally more expensive than diesel. Additionally, the potential land-use change from forest and peat conversion to source feedstock could undermine the net emission benefits of higher blends, raising sustainability concerns. Overall, the results suggest that any move beyond B50 should be conditional on demonstrable improvements in CPO productivity, feedstock diversification, financing architecture, and land-use governance. |
| Keywords: | Biodiesel policy, crude palm oil, downstreaming |
| JEL: | C68 F41 Q18 Q42 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp052025 |
| By: | Ziebarth, Nicolas R. |
| Abstract: | Aufgrund des demografischen Wandels und stark steigender Sozialversicherungsbeiträge skizziert dieser Policy Brief eine mögliche "Agenda 2035" zur nachhaltigen Finanzierung der deutschen Sozialversicherungssysteme. Ohne Reformen könnte der Gesamtsozialversicherungsbeitrag in den nächsten zehn Jahren auf über 50 Prozent steigen. Steigende Beiträge belasten Beschäftigte und Unternehmen, schwächen Investitionen und gefährden Wachstum und Beschäftigung. Um die bis noch vor kurzem politisch etablierte 40-Prozent-Grenze einzuhalten, wäre bis 2035 eine Konsolidierung von rund zehn Beitragspunkten durch entsprechende Strukturreformen erforderlich. Als Reformleitlinien werden der Abbau ineffizienter Leistungen, eine gezielte Reallokation von Mitteln und höhere Steuerzuschüsse genannt. In der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung können Effizienzreserven insbesondere durch gesundheitsnutzenbasierte Zuzahlungen und Boni, stärkere Prävention und eine bessere Patientensteuerung durch Zuzahlungen bei Facharztbesuchen ohne Hausarztüberweisung gehoben werden. Nutzenbasierte Zuzahlungen und Boni können die Patientennachfrage nach medizinischen Leistungen lenken und die Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen mit geringem Zusatznutzen senken. Zusätzlicher Finanzbedarf könnte über höhere Verbrauchssteuern auf gesundheitsschädliche Konsumgüter erzielt werden. In der Pflegeversicherung sind die zu hebenden Effizienzspielräume begrenzt. Produktivitätssteigerungen in einem lohnintensiven Sektor könnten aber durch den breiten Einsatz neuer Technologien generiert werden. In der Rentenversicherung wäre eine Rückkehr zu früheren Reformelementen sowie die Kopplung des Regelrentenalters an die Lebenserwartung sinnvoll. Insgesamt wird ein ausgewogener Maßnahmenmix gefordert, um Finanzierungssicherheit, Generationengerechtigkeit und gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz zu sichern. 30, Vertragsstaatenkonferenz der Klimarahmenkonvention der Vereinten Nationen (COP30), Belém, Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), Wälder, Waldfinanzierung, Waldrestaurierung, Rio-Konventionen, Klimaziele, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)ANO, Motoristen, Motoristé sobée, SPD, Svoboda a pérímá demokracie, SPOLU, Bürgermeisterpartei, STAN, Patrioten für Europa, Slavk |
| Keywords: | Finanzierung der Sozialversicherung, Sozialreform, Deutschland |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:338261 |
| By: | Sophie Thoyer (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Pauline Lecole (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Depuis l'hiver 2024, les mobilisations agricoles ont été largement interprétées, au plan médiatique, comme un rejet massif des normes environnementales. Mais est-ce vraiment le cas ? Qu'en disent eux-mêmes les agriculteurs mobilisés ? Une vaste étude a recensé leurs réponses en France, en Allemagne, en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas. Elle livre une image bien plus nuancée en fonction des États, où le poids des normes environnementales n'est finalement qu'un enjeu secondaire. Celui-ci a pourtant été au cœur de la réponse politique. |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05532969 |
| By: | Ströher, Tobias; Strüker, Jens; Konoval, Volodymyr |
| Abstract: | Power flow tracing (PFT) methods algorithmically reconstruct how electricity generators supply specific loads and contribute to network losses, enabling physically grounded attribution of electricity flows across a grid. Despite nearly three decades of research, the field lacks a unified conceptual framework that integrates academic and industry perspectives. In this paper, we address this gap by conducting a multivocal literature review (MLR) covering 52 academic and industry sources published between 2019 and 2025, and developing a taxonomy of PFT methods structured along six dimensions and 20 characteristics: input, output, tracing approach, application area, topology model, and level of analysis. Our analysis reveals that linear-equation-based methods embodying the proportional sharing principle dominate both academic and practitioner contexts, and that emissions attribution and renewable energy certification have emerged as the primary application areas, primarily driven by tightening sustainability reporting requirements. While PFT methodologies themselves exhibit considerable maturity, we find that limited data availability, granularity, and quality represent the central barrier to broader practical adoption. We discuss how digital technologies can support the measuring, reporting, and verification of electricity data to overcome these barriers, and propose a research agenda from a data perspective. Our taxonomy supports policymakers and grid operators in selecting suitable PFT methods for regulatory, technical, and operational contexts. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Pricing, Grid Management, Guarantees of Origin, MRV, Multivocal Literature Review, Power Flow Tracing, Scope 2 Emissions, Taxonomy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bayism:338104 |
| By: | Yann Desjeux (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); K Hervé Dakpo (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laure Latruffe (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | The wine sector faces the dual challenge of profitability while meeting societal expectations for more sustainable production, in a changing climatic and economic environment. In this frame, the authors propose to provide here a picture of the French wine sector over the last two decades. Using data from the French Farm Accounting Data Network (Réseau d'information comptable agricole-RICA), we study the evolution of winegrowing farms in metropolitan France in terms of structure and performance over the period 2002-2021. Figures show that winegrowing farms have expanded and have experienced a decrease in yield and economic performance per hectare, but an increase in economic performance when calculated per annual working unit. Winegrowing farms have substantially reduced their crop protection costs but have increased the cost of contracting work. |
| Abstract: | Le secteur viticole doit composer avec le double défi de rentabilité tout en répondant aux attentes sociétales d'une production plus durable, dans un environnement climatique et économique changeant. Dans ce cadre, les auteurs proposent ici de fournir une image du secteur viticole français sur les deux dernières décennies. Grâce aux données du Réseau d'information comptable agricole (RICA), ils analysent l'évolution des exploitations viticoles en France métropolitaine en termes de structure et de performance sur la période 2002-2021. Les chiffres montrent que les exploitations viticoles se sont agrandies et ont subi une baisse de rendement et de performance économique ramenée à l'hectare, mais une augmentation de la performance économique par unité de travail annuel. Les exploitations viticoles ont fortement diminué leurs charges dédiées à la protection des cultures mais ont augmenté celles liées aux travaux par tiers. |
| Keywords: | FADN, Performance, Evolution, Winegrowing farms, France, RICA, Exploitations viticoles |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05532322 |
| By: | You Wu (School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TU, UK) |
| Abstract: | China’s New Energy Demonstration Cities (NEDCs) sought to develop affordable, clean energy. This study therefore examines the NEDCs’ effectiveness in mitigating energy poverty (EP). We focus on electricity consumption, economic development, and renewable uptake – three components of International Energy Agency’s (IEA) measure of EP. Using panel data from 281 Chinese cities (2011-2021) and propensity score matching with difference-in-differences, the analysis found no statistically or economically significant overall effect of NEDCs on reducing EP. This is also consistent across the three IEA sub-components. The findings suggest this ineffectiveness may stem from weak enforcement, low public participation, and inequalities in income and education. |
| Keywords: | Difference-in-differences; China; New Energy; Development Policy; Energy Poverty |
| JEL: | Q48 C23 P28 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2026001 |
| By: | Joshua Blonz; Mallick Hossain; Benjamin J. Keys; Philip Mulder; Joakim A. Weill |
| Abstract: | We use 70 million policies linked to mortgages and property-level disaster risk to show that credit scores impact homeowners insurance premiums as much as disaster risk. Homeowners with low credit pay 24% more for identical coverage than high–credit score homeowners. Leveraging a natural experiment in Washington State, we find that banning the use of credit information considerably weakens the relationship between credit score and pricing. We discuss the role of credit information in pricing and show that, although insurance is often overlooked in discussions of home affordability, a low credit score increases premiums roughly as much as it raises mortgage rates. |
| JEL: | D14 G22 G51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34848 |
| By: | Cécile Bazart (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marjorie Tendero (ESSCA - ESSCA – École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers = ESSCA Business School) |
| Abstract: | Près de huit Français sur dix vivent à proximité d'une friche polluée. Malgré les opérations de dépollution, les politiques de reconversion et l'objectif zéro artificialisation nette (ZAN), plusieurs milliers de sites restent à l'abandon. Entre incertitudes techniques, coûts de dépollution cachés et mémoire collective, la confiance des habitants reste difficile à restaurer. |
| Date: | 2026–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05533032 |
| By: | Tueske, Annamaria; Lasheras Sancho, Marta |
| Abstract: | Over the past decades, a growing body of research has examined the structural and behavioral barriers that hinder firms from adopting cost-effective technologies to improve energy efficiency. In this paper, we draw on firm-level data from the EIB Investment Survey combined with energy efficiency regulatory indicators from the World Bank's RISE database to analyse two key strategic decisions: firms' likelihood of investing in energy efficiency, and the share of total investment allocated to such measures. Accounting for self-selection into energy efficiency investments, we find that financial constraints, particularly among SMEs, can limit firms' ability toundertake these long-term investments. Moreover, the share of investment allocated to energy efficiency is positively associated with the strength of a country's incentive-based energy efficiency regulatory framework. |
| Keywords: | Energy efficiency, firm investment, Europe, access to finance, regulation, green transition |
| JEL: | D22 L25 O33 Q40 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:eibwps:338073 |
| By: | Kyle, Jordan; Ragasa, Catherine |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize equal participation and empowerment of women in all levels of decisionmaking, yet frameworks and tools to measure and strengthen women's empowerment in policy spaces remain limited. Focusing on agrifood systems, this paper introduces a framework, metrics, and scoring method to track women’s empowerment in policy processes (WEAGov) and presents findings from pilot applications in India and Nigeria. The pilots draw on novel surveys with more than 200 agrifood organizations and policy experts across the public sector, private sector, civil society, and research communities in both countries. Across both countries, we find that agrifood policy documents incorporate gender priorities on paper but fall short in budgeting, implementation, and evaluation. Prevailing social attitudes and limited awareness of policies, regulations, and legal rights remain major constraints on women’s ability to engage meaningfully in policy processes. Women participate as staff and mid-level managers in agrifood organizations, but their representation at higher decision-making levels are limited. Expert assessments also highlight disconnects between formal roles and the actual influence women can exert over policy decisions. Gender-responsive budgeting processes are absent in Nigeria and weakly-institutionalized in India, where compliance has become procedural rather than transformative. These patterns reveal persistent bottlenecks in translating gender commitments into practice. By systematically tracking barriers and identifying entry points for reform, the WEAGov framework offers governments, researchers, and civil society organizations a practical tool to diagnose gaps in women’s empowerment in agrifood policy processes and to strengthen their inclusiveness and accountability. |
| Keywords: | women's empowerment; gender; women; governance; food policies; India; Nigeria; Africa; Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southern Asia; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:179834 |
| By: | Bin Khaled, Muhammad Nahian; Maredia, Mywish K.; Narayanan, Sudha; Belton, Ben; Kabir, Razin |
| Abstract: | Price discounts are a common policy tool to promote agricultural technology adoption in low-income settings, yet their effectiveness may be limited when farmers face uncertainty or have access to familiar alternatives. We test this through a randomized controlled trial with shrimp farmers in southwestern coastal Bangladesh, a region highly exposed to climate shocks. The government promotes Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) post-larvae (PL)—certified as disease-free—to reduce high mortality in shrimp farming. Farmers were randomly offered varying discount levels for two SPF-PL types, differing in size uniformity and market price (proxies for quality), with the highest discount reducing their prices to parity with conventional non-SPF PL. We find no significant effect of discounts on adoption of the lower-priced Mid-grade SPF-PL, characterized by less size uniformity. In contrast, discounts significantly increased adoption of the higher-priced, more uniform Premium-grade SPF-PL, raising uptake by 10–19 percentage points among active shrimp farmers. Larger discounts did not yield higher adoption than smaller ones, indicating diminishing returns to discount generosity. Heterogeneity analyses reveal behavioral and contextual mechanisms: prior exposure to Mid-grade SPF-PL reduced its subsequent adoption but increased responsiveness to Premium-grade, consistent with experience effects and reference dependence. Cyclone exposure dampened treatment responses, suggesting capital constraints, while infrastructure preparedness (e.g., nursing facilities) enhanced uptake. These findings underscore that in high-risk agricultural systems, price incentives alone may not drive adoption unless the promoted input is perceived as effective. Successful promotion strategies must integrate quality assurance with attention to farmer experience, behavioral biases, and vulnerability to shocks. |
| Keywords: | farmers; shellfish diseases; financial policies; shrimp culture; pond culture; supply chains; Bangladesh; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:178761 |
| By: | You Wu (School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TU, UK); Andrew Burlinson (School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TU, UK) |
| Abstract: | China’s New Energy Demonstration City (NEDC) policy aims to address energy and environmental challenges. While two-way fixed effects (TWFE) regression is often used to evaluate such policies within difference-in-differences frameworks, it can lead to incorrect conclusions if unit and time effects are mis-specified. Re-evaluating the impact of the NEDC policy on energy poverty (EP), as studied in Ma et al. (2025), by correctly specifying unit-specific and time-specific effects, we find that: i) the parallel trends assumption fails, and ii) the previously reported impact on EP becomes economically and statistically insignificant. Whether NEDCs reduce EP therefore remains an open question. |
| Keywords: | Policy evaluation; Two-way fixed effects regression; Difference-in-differences; Energy Poverty |
| JEL: | C12 C23 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2026002 |
| By: | Jean-Michel Do Carmo Silva (EESC-GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | Major contemporary risks – notably climate change, cybercrime, pandemics and wars – are disrupting the traditional insurance model, which is seen as a mechanism for financing residual risks. They raise questions about their insurability and the ability of companies to maintain their economic and societal role. How do insurance law and practices address, or should they address, the role of insurance in a risk management system designed by companies to respond to the societal transitions of our century? Firstly, the restructuring of insurance law and practices concerns the balance of interests at stake. While the logic of protecting the collective interests of policyholders remains, the evolution of extreme risks reveals its limitations. A societal approach is emerging, based on risk sharing between insurers, policyholders and public authorities. Secondly, the restructuring is also technical. Traditional insurance, based on mutualisation and compensation after assessment, is proving insufficient for correlated or poorly understood risks. The rise of parametric insurance, which provides compensation based on predefined indices, is examined, including the legal issues it raises. Some players offer integrated prevention and protection services (cybersecurity, climate diagnostics), transforming insurance into a lever for resilience rather than simply outsourcing risk. |
| Abstract: | Vers une recomposition du rôle de l'assurance dans un système de gestion des risques conçu par l'entreprise Résumé : les grands risques contemporains -notamment le dérèglement climatique, la cybermalveillance, les pandémies et les guerres -bouleversent le modèle traditionnel de l'assurance, envisagé comme mécanisme de financement des risques résiduels. Ils poussent à se questionner à propos de leur assurabilité et de la capacité des compagnies à maintenir leur rôle économique et sociétal. Comment le droit et les pratiques assurantielles se saisissent-ils ou doivent-ils se saisir du rôle de l'assurance dans un système de gestion des risques conçu par l'entreprise afin de répondre aux transitions sociétales de notre siècle ? Premièrement, la recomposition du droit et des pratiques assurantielles concerne l'équilibre des intérêts en présence. Si la logique de protection de l'intérêt collectif des assurés perdure, l'évolution des risques extrêmes révèle ses limites. Une approche sociétale émerge, fondée sur le partage du risque entre assureurs, assurés et pouvoirs publics.Deuxièmement, la recomposition est également technique. L'assurance traditionnelle, fondée sur la mutualisation et l'indemnisation après expertise, se révèle insuffisante pour des risques corrélés ou mal connus. L'essor de l'assurance paramétrique, qui indemnise sur la base d'indices prédéfinis, est examiné, y compris les questions juridiques qu'elle soulève. Certains acteurs proposent des services intégrés de prévention et de protection (cybersécurité, diagnostic climatique), transformant l'assurance en levier de résilience plutôt qu'en simple externalisation du risque. |
| Keywords: | Public-private partnerships, Organizational approach to law, Parametric insurance, Transformation of the insurer's role, Major contemporary risks, Assurance paramétrique, Transformation du rôle de l'assureur, Approche organisationnelle du droit, Partenariat public-privé, Grands risques contemporains |
| Date: | 2026–01–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:gemptp:hal-05543694 |
| By: | Colin Aitken; Rajat Masiwal; Adam Marchakitus; Katherine Kowal; Mayank Gupta; Tyler Yang; Amir Jina; Pedram Hassanzadeh; William R. Boos; Michael Kremer |
| Abstract: | Hundreds of millions of farmers make high-stakes decisions under uncertainty about future weather. Forecasts can inform these decisions, but available choices and their risks and benefits vary between farmers. We introduce a decision-theory framework for designing useful forecasts in settings where the forecaster cannot prescribe optimal actions because farmers' circumstances are heterogeneous. We apply this framework to the case of seasonal onset of monsoon rains, a key date for planting decisions and agricultural investments in many tropical countries. We develop a system for tailoring forecasts to the requirements of this framework by blending systematically benchmarked artificial intelligence (AI) weather prediction models with a new "evolving farmer expectations" statistical model. This statistical model applies Bayesian inference to historical observations to predict time-varying probabilities of first-occurrence events throughout a season. The blended system yields more skillful Indian monsoon forecasts at longer lead times than its components or any multi-model average. In 2025, this system was deployed operationally in a government-led program that delivered subseasonal monsoon onset forecasts to 38 million Indian farmers, skillfully predicting that year's early-summer anomalous dry period. This decision-theory framework and blending system offer a pathway for developing climate adaptation tools for large vulnerable populations around the world. |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2603.07893 |
| By: | Cheikh Hassanna Cheikh Maoulainine (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Jalila AIT SOUDANE (UM5 - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]) |
| Abstract: | Family-run hotels are a cornerstone of tourism in southern Morocco, yet long-term viability increasingly depends on sustainable and professionalized management practices. This study examines how intergenerational succession and managerial routines shape performance and guest satisfaction. A sequential mixed-methods design was adopted. Four semi-structured interviews with family-hotel managers and a tourism-sector official were thematically coded to identify governance, succession, and service-quality dimensions. These insights guided the analysis of 352 online guest reviews from major booking platforms, combining lexical frequency measures and sentiment analysis. Findings suggest that succession planning, more structured pricing and performance steering, and digital guest relations are associated with more favorable evaluations and greater service consistency, while weak knowledge codification and pronounced seasonality hinder competitiveness. The study recommends mentored succession, targeted steering skills, and the adoption of sustainability-oriented digital tools. |
| Abstract: | Les hôtels familiaux constituent un pilier du tourisme dans le Sud marocain, mais leur pérennité dépend de plus en plus de pratiques de gestion durables et professionnalisées. Cette étude analyse la manière dont la succession intergénérationnelle et les routines managériales influencent la performance et la satisfaction client. Une approche mixte séquentielle a été mobilisée. Quatre entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de dirigeants d'hôtels familiaux et d'un cadre du secteur touristique ont fait l'objet d'un codage thématique afin d'identifier les dimensions de gouvernance, de succession et de qualité de service. Ces résultats ont orienté l'analyse de 352 avis clients publiés sur des plateformes de réservation, combinant mesures de fréquence lexicale et analyse de sentiment. Les résultats suggèrent que la planification de la relève, la structuration du pilotage tarifaire et l'intégration d'outils numériques pour la relation client s'associent à des évaluations plus favorables et à une meilleure cohérence du service, tandis qu'une faible codification des savoirs et une saisonnalité marquée pèsent sur la compétitivité. L'étude recommande un accompagnement mentoré de la succession, un renforcement ciblé des compétences de pilotage et l'adoption d'outils numériques orientés durabilité. |
| Keywords: | sustainable management, family-owned hotels, customer satisfaction, Morocco, intergenerational transmission, satisfaction client, Maroc, RevPAR, gestion durable, succession intergénérationnelle, hôtels familiaux |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05474921 |
| By: | Yann Raineau (UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Eric Giraud-Heraud (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sébastien Lecocq (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Le recours aux nudges (coups de pouce comportementaux) est fréquemment discuté dans les politiques publiques visant à orienter les agents économiques et les citoyens vers des choix plus durables. Une expérimentation menée auprès de viticulteurs du Bordelais a permis d'étudier l'efficacité des nudges fondés sur la comparaison sociale pour réduire l'utilisation des pesticides. Il apparait que la transmission d'une information volontairement minimaliste sur l'usage des pesticides dans le voisinage du destinataire, peut avoir un impact significatif, démontrant l'existence de marges de réduction possibles. A contrario, une information plus détaillée s'avère inefficace, soulevant ainsi de sérieuses questions éthiques concernant les mécanismes de ce type d'intervention. |
| Keywords: | Ethique de l'information, Pesticide, Nudge |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05532616 |
| By: | Masias, Ian; van Asselt, Joanna; Minten, Bart |
| Abstract: | On March 28, 2025, a 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck central Myanmar, causing extensive destruction and compounding an already fragile humanitarian situation driven by conflict, economic instability, and prior natural disasters. This assessment examines pre-earthquake livelihood conditions across the most severely affected areas—Mandalay, Sagaing, Bago, Nay Pyi Taw, and Shan State—to provide a baseline for recovery planning focused on restoring economic resilience. Prior to the earthquake, household livelihoods varied significantly across the earthquake hit regions. Farming and livestock production dominated in Shan and Sagaing, where the earthquake primarily affected rural areas, whereas non-farm businesses and salaried employment were more common in Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw, where the earthquake impacted predominately urban areas. Wage labor, both farm and non-farm, supported a significant share of households, but was associated with the highest rates of income-based poverty, reflecting the insecurity of casual and seasonal employment. Income-based poverty was widespread, affecting 69 percent of households in earthquake-affected areas. |
| Keywords: | livelihoods; earthquakes; resilience; poverty; agricultural sector; shock; Myanmar; Asia; South-eastern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprwp:174887 |
| By: | TI-FSM - Thünen Institute Forest Sector Modelling |
| Abstract: | TiMBA (Timber market Model for policy-Based Analysis) is a partial economic equilibrium model that simulates the global forestry sector, capturing economic interactions from raw material extraction to the processing of intermediate and end products (TI-FSM et al. 2025). The model underwent an intercomparison to ensure its quality and functionality. Information about the validation process and results is published in this working paper. Model validation, as emphasized by Buchholz (2023), is a central, iterative component of model development that confirms the plausibility and reliability of model outputs. Distinct from verification (testing inputs, assumptions, and code) and calibration (adjusting parameters to improve fit), validation assesses the realism and accuracy of model outcomes through systematic comparison with empirical data or alternative models. The validation of TiMBA was conducted using a model intercomparison approach, comparing its results with other established partial equilibrium models. On the supply side, validation draws on the intercomparison study by Daigneault et al. (2022) within the Forest Sector Model Intercomparison Project (ForMIP), which includes the Global Timber Model (GTM), the Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM), and the Global Forest Products Model (GFPM). On the demand side, comparisons are made against GFPM results from Morland and Schier (2020). Both studies are based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, providing a standardized scenario framework for assessing long-term developments in the global forest sector between. Graphical analyses compare TiMBA's projections across regions and scenarios, focusing on key indicators such as forest area, industrial roundwood harvest, and wood product demand. Despite differences in baseline years and structural assumptions among models-such as in technological change, forest dynamics, and market elasticities-TiMBA shows a high degree of internal consistency and external plausibility. Globally, TiMBA's industrial roundwood harvest projections are in the middle of the multi-model range by 2100, while its forest area projections position it in the upper third of the scenario range, closely aligned with GFPM results. On the demand side, trends projected with TiMBA align closely with GFPM in the sawnwood sector, display mixed results for wood-based panels, and diverge somewhat in the paper sector. The differences are largely attributable to contrasting model structures and assumptions. Overall, TiMBA demonstrates strong credibility as a policy- analysis tool, with robust, plausible, and comparable results across global and regional levels. Its validation confirms that TiMBA provides a balanced and competitive representation of future developments in the forest sector, supporting informed decision-making in forestry policy and management. [...] |
| Abstract: | Um die Qualität und Funktionsfähigkeit des Modells sicherzustellen wurde TiMBA einem Validierungsprozess unterzogen. Informationen zum Validierungsprozess und den Ergebnissen sind in diesem Working Paper veröffentlicht. Dabei wird die Validierung des "Timber market Model for policy-Based Analysis" (TiMBA), ein partielles ökonomisches Gleichgewichtsmodells, das den globalen Sektor Forst und Holz und die Wechselwirkungen von Holzgewinnung bis hin zur Verarbeitung von Halbfertig- und Fertigwaren analysiert, präsentiert (TI-FSM et al. 2025). Buchholz (2023) lehrt, dass die Modellvalidierung ein zentraler und iterativer Bestandteil der Modellentwicklung ist, der dazu dient, die Plausibilität und Zuverlässigkeit der Ergebnisse zu bestätigen. Die Validierung zielt auf die Bewertung der Realitätsnähe und Genauigkeit der Modellergebnisse durch den systematischen Vergleich mit empirischen Daten oder alternativen Modellen ab. Die Validierung von TiMBA wurde mittels eines modellübergreifenden Vergleichs durchgeführt, bei dem die Ergebnisse mit anderen etablierten Gleichgewichtsmodellen verglichen wurden. Auf der Angebotsseite stützt sich die Validierung auf die Studie von Daigneault et al. (2022) die im Rahmen des "Forest Sector Model Intercomparison Project" (ForMIP) durchgeführt wurde und die Modelle "Global Timber Model" (GTM), "Global Biosphere Management Model" (GLOBIOM) und "Global Forest Products Model" (GFPM) umfasst. Auf der Nachfrageseite zeigen die mit TiMBA projizierten Trends im Schnittholzsektor eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung mit dem GFPM, während sich für Holzwerkstoffe gemischte Ergebnisse und im Papiersektor gewissen Abweichungen ergeben. Diese Unterschiede lassen sich überwiegend auf verschiedene Modellstrukturen und Annahmen zurückzuführen sind. Die Validierung bestätigt, dass TiMBA eine plausible Abbildung zukünftiger Entwicklungen im Forstsektor bietet und eine fundierte Entscheidungsfindung in der Forstpolitik und -verwaltung unterstützt. [...] |
| Keywords: | Forest sector analysis, partial equilibrium model, wood product markets, forest-based production, international trade, Python, programming, model validation, policy impact assessment, Analyse des Forst- und Holzsektors, Partielle Gleichgewichtsmodell, Holmärkte, Forstwirtschaftliche Produktion, Internationaler Handel, Python, Programmierung, Modell Validierung, Politikfolgeabschätzung |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:338131 |
| By: | Pierre-Henry Leveau (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Le "Zoo du Futur", créé par GAIA, est présenté comme le premier zoo virtuel d'Europe : grâce à la réalité virtuelle et à des projections immersives, il permet d'observer des animaux dans des environnements reconstitués, sans captivité réelle. L'objectif est de proposer une alternative éthique aux zoos traditionnels et de sensibiliser le public au bien-être animal. L'article souligne toutefois que, selon la recherche, si ces technologies peuvent susciter l'empathie et éveiller l'intérêt pour la faune sauvage, elles ne reproduisent pas la complexité du monde réel ni les besoins biologiques des animaux. Ce type d'expérience peut donc questionner la légitimité de la captivité, mais ne remplace pas totalement les rôles que jouent certains zoos dans la conservation ou la recherche. Le projet met ainsi en lumière une tension actuelle : comment concilier émerveillement, éducation et respect du vivant, et jusqu'où le virtuel peut-il réellement transformer notre rapport aux animaux. |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Technologie immersive, Réalité virtuelle, Bien-être animal, Zoo virtuel, Tourisme |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05394122 |