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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Megha Patnaik |
| Abstract: | Metal markets are an important but understudied aspect of the global energy transition. This paper demonstrates differential metal price responses to the Paris Agreement based on their role in the energy transition. We use a difference-in-differences design with daily price data from 2001 to 2024 for eight industrial metals. The treatment group distinguishes between traditional green metals (Copper, Aluminium, Nickel), which are established in renewable energy infrastructure, versus emerging green metals (Lithium), that are critical for storage. The control group includes non-green metals (Zinc, Lead, Tin, and Iron Ore). We find traditional green metals experienced 31% price decline relative to control metals following the Paris Agreement, while Lithium exhibited a 120% price increase. |
| Keywords: | Paris agreement, green transition, metal prices |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 G14 L72 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12375 |
| By: | Elisa Belfiori; Daniel Carroll; Sewon Hur |
| Abstract: | We characterize optimal climate policy in an economy with heterogeneous households and non-homothetic preferences. We focus on constrained efficiency, where the planner is restricted from transferring resources across households. We derive three results. First, the constrained-optimal carbon tax is heterogeneous and progressive. Second, if restricted to a uniform tax, the optimal rate is lower than the standard Pigouvian level due to inequality. Third, this allocation is decentralizable using only uniform instruments - a carbon tax, clean subsidy, and a lumpsum transfer. In a quantitative application, we show this policy generates a Pareto improvement, reconciling climate efficiency with inequality concerns. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax, inequality, consumption, welfare, climate change |
| JEL: | E21 H21 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12443 |
| By: | Zhu, Kai (Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing 100710, China); Cheng, Xiangran (School of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China); Dong, Kangyin (School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School) |
| Abstract: | Amid the global green energy transition, China faces bottlenecks in renewable energy integration due to underdeveloped market-based trading systems. To address this gap, this study investigates the effectiveness of distributed power generation trading (DPGT) using panel data of Chinese cities between 2014 and 2023 and a multi-period difference-in-differences model. The findings show that (1) DPGT has significantly promoted the development of green energy industries; (2) the aggregation of talent and capital elements and green technology cooperation facilitate industrial growth; (3) the policy effects are more pronounced in non-resource-based cities, high energy-consuming cities, and cities that prioritize DPGT industries; (4) DPGT reduces emissions of conventional pollutants by displacing traditional thermal power generation. However, due to the peak shaving of thermal power and rebound effect, its carbon emissions reduction has not met expectations. |
| Keywords: | Distributed power generation trading (DPGT); Market-oriented trading; Green energy industry; Talent and capital aggregation; Green technology cooperation |
| JEL: | C21 H23 Q51 Q58 R12 |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2026_006 |
| By: | Schmiedeberg, Claudia; Schober, Dominik |
| Abstract: | Given the importance of the transport sector for greenhouse gas emissions, both behavioral change will be needed to mitigate climate change in addition to technological innovation. We focus on the case of remote working as a less carbon-intensive substitute to commuting and analyze whether employees react to price incentives and work more from home in times of higher local fuel prices. Applying an instrumental variables approach based on panel data from Germany, we find moderate fuel price effects on remote working frequency, which are restricted to occupations with high skill- level and regions with limited alternatives to car commuting. We use these results to predict changes in remote working frequency as a consequence to increasing carbon prices as discussed for climate policy. Results indicate that even with ambitious carbon pricing, individual remote working frequency will increase modestly, causing only limited reductions in German national aggregate fuel and carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | fuel price, elasticity, remote working, telework, commuting, longitudinal |
| JEL: | H23 Q41 Q48 Q54 Q58 R41 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:337463 |
| By: | Da Mata, Daniel (Sao Paulo School of Economics (FGV EESP)); Dotta, Mario (Dotta: Sao Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV EAESP)); Severnini, Edson (Boston College) |
| Abstract: | Does industrial activity drive deforestation and land degradation, and can limited state capacity be overcome to decouple economic growth from environmental harm? We examine these questions in the context of slaughterhouse plant openings in Brazil from 1994 to 2019. Guided by a simple conceptual framework and using a staggered difference-in-differences approach, we show that plant openings increase livestock production while reducing forest cover and degrading pastureland. However, following the introduction of legally enforceable, incentive-compatible agreements between slaughterhouses and federal prosecutors—which penalize purchases of livestock from illegally deforested areas but act as a green certification mechanism—plant openings increase productivity without driving deforestation. Our findings suggest that tying firm performance to environmental goals through market-aligned legal mechanisms can generate economic and environmental gains at low cost to the government. |
| Keywords: | industrial activity, slaughterhouses, deforestation, land degradation, state capacity, green certification |
| JEL: | O13 Q01 Q15 Q56 K32 P18 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18380 |
| By: | Frederick van der Ploeg; Armon Rezai; Rick van der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | A review is presented of the macroeconomics of climate change and policy. The review starts with a tractable workhorse model of the macroeconomics of climate and carbon pricing. It then discusses extensions to multiple countries. A discussion of the effects of macroeconomic and climate uncertainties and tipping points on asset pricing and the carbon price is given, including a discussion of stranded assets and the run on oil. Attention is then paid to green technical progress and to the effects of climate change and climate policy on different generations and the income distribution. The review concludes with a discussion of the effects of climate shocks and carbon pricing shocks on unemployment, inflation, and the role of networks in the transmission of these shocks, and borrowing constraints and sovereign risk in the face of climate shocks. |
| Keywords: | climate, carbon pricing, international cooperation, uncertainty, tipping points, green technical progress, distribution, second best, fiscal costs, adaptation pending, unemployment, inflation, borrowing constraints, sovereign risk |
| JEL: | Q58 G12 E32 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12480 |
| By: | Stef Proost |
| Abstract: | The non-CO2 aviation emissions (mainly contrails) can, in total, be up to twice as damaging for climate as the CO2 emissions associated to the use of kerosene. As the warming effect of the non-CO2 emissions depends strongly on metereological conditions, it is difficult to attribute the non-CO2 warming effect to a particular flight. Without detailed meteorological information per fight only a blunt emission permit or tax system that taxes all kerosene used in aviation at two to three times the current damage estimate of CO2 could work. Even if this can be justified from an environmental economics point of view, this risks to be unacceptable for the aviation sector. The result is that there is, at present, no active non-CO2 policy. The aviation industry has proposed a 20 year plan to improve the monitoring of these emissions before taking action to address the non-CO2 emissions. We propose a multi-period regulation scheme to address this problem much faster. In the first stage, airlines and public sector agencies are subsidized to improve measurements. These measurement inputs are used to construct a contrail forecasting model. In the second stage, the model is used to propose alternative flight-paths. Airlines are incentivized to adopt the new flightpaths by subsidies that cover the additional flight operation costs. A numerical illustration for the wider EU-region shows that the mechanism proposed can lead to significant climate emission savings that are larger than the savings of CO2 emissions that result from the introduction of ETS or Sustainable Aviation Fuels for aviation. |
| Keywords: | air transport, aviation emissions, contrails, climate, regulation |
| JEL: | R48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12505 |
| By: | Attinasi, Maria Grazia; Boeckelmann, Lukas; Martins, Bernardo De Castro; Meunier, Baptiste; Borin, Alessandro; Conteduca, Francesco Paolo; Mancini, Michele |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a novel methodology to enhance the granularity of Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) tables. While our general methodology can be applied to any products of interest, we show that the well-documented distortions caused by sectoral aggregation in ICIO tables are particularly pronounced for products with a low substitutability, such as those essential to the green transition (e.g. electric batteries, rare earths). We therefore apply our framework to construct a disaggregated ICIO table that singles out 129 products essential to the energy transition. We then simulate a hypothetical scenario of an East-West supply chain decoupling in green products through a multi-country multi-sector model calibrated with our tailored disaggregated ICIO table. Results reveal substantial economic costs: welfare losses reach 3% and trade between blocs contracts by 20%, even when accounting for trade diversion through neutral countries. We finally quantify how the green supply chain decoupling increases the intensities of greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting how trade barriers on green sectors affect both economic efficiency and climate objectives. JEL Classification: C67, F13, F18, F51, Q48 |
| Keywords: | decoupling, global trade, global value chains, green transition, sectoral granularity |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253152 |
| By: | Singh, Naveen P.; Ahuja, Bhawna; Srivastava, S. K.; Rao, K. V.; Bal, S. K.; Kumar, N. R. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:icarpb:396199 |
| By: | Meier, Felix; Quaas, Martin F.; Rickels, Wilfried; Traeger, Christian |
| Abstract: | Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is considered essential for climate change mitigation, yet its optimal role in climate policy remains unclear in the presence of non-permanent storage, en-ergy constraints, and fossil fuel scarcity. We integrate CDR into an analytic integrated assess-ment model to derive general conditions for socially optimal CDR deployment. Within a linear carbon cycle model, we consider different CDR pathways, including direct air carbon capture, ocean alkalinity enhancement, and ocean iron fertilization. Introducing CDR does not signifi-cantly alter the optimal carbon price and the incentive to reduce emissions. The impact of CDR on gross emissions mainly stems from the energy required to operate it. This impact, as well as the optimal deployment of CDR, depends on fossil fuel scarcity and the pace of renewable en-ergy deployment. In high-damage scenarios, the optimal deployment of CDR occurs before and around the year 2100, consistent with temperature overshoot pathways. |
| Keywords: | carbon dioxide removal, climate change, integrated assessment, social cost of carbon |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:337451 |
| By: | Peter Skott |
| Abstract: | Macroeconomic models have been extended to incorporate climate change, to analyze its implications, and to examine the costs and benefits of green transitions. This paper discusses some limitations of these models and the critical dependence of their implications on factors that are subject to great uncertainty. Instead of trying to derive optimal trajectories of mitigation and macroeconomic policy, economics may be useful primarily in the analysis of the pervasive collective-action problems and distributional effects associated with a green transition and in the design of economic incentives to ensure a successful implementation of the transition. The analysis, moreover, must move beyond the 'brown'-'green' dichotomy and analyze different mitigation strategies, their scalability and their systemic effects. |
| Keywords: | Integrated assessment models, Keynesian climate models, welfare criteria, damage functions, transition strategies, free-rider prob- lem, distributional conict |
| JEL: | O44 Q43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2605 |
| By: | Wongpiyabovorn, Oranuch; Plastina, Alejandro |
| Abstract: | The goal of this policy brief is to assess the economic and environmental impacts of alternative policy designs for the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) to promote agricultural conservation practices in the presence of voluntary private carbon initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–02–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:umcraf:396214 |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Jahn, Valentin |
| Abstract: | The TPI Centre’s Carbon Performance assessments have historically assessed companies’ emission pathways on an emissions intensity basis – that is, the volume of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of economic output. Coal mining is the first sector that we assessed based on absolute emissions rather than emissions intensities. This approach reflects the unique decarbonisation challenges specific to coal mining. Achieving net zero in this sector ultimately requires an almost complete phase-out of coal production. Unlike other industries, where efficiency improvements and new production methods can reduce emissions intensity while maintaining output, coal mining’s main decarbonisation strategy of phasing out production cannot meaningfully be assessed on an intensity basis. This is because coal production and Scope 1-3 emissions would reduce roughly proportionally. To account for these sector-specific characteristics, we introduce the Emissions Contraction Approach (ECA). The ECA remains grounded in the Sectoral Decarbonisation Approach (SDA), which the TPI Centre applies to all its Carbon Performance assessments. This section outlines the rationale behind using the ECA and explains why an alternative method is necessary for assessing the sector’s alignment with international climate goals. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137418 |
| By: | Robinson, Abbie; Thiede, Brian C. (The Pennsylvania State University) |
| Abstract: | The social costs of climate change are of global interest, as vulnerable populations face new or heighted environmental stressors. Previous research has documented many social consequences of environmental change, but several important outcomes, including child marriage, remain underexplored. We address one of these gaps by examining the relationship between climate shocks and early marriage in Mali, a country where weather extremes are common and rates of child marriage are high. We draw on three decades of marriage records (1986-2016) from the Demographic Health Surveys (n=117, 170 person-years), combined with high-resolution climate data. We measure overall climate impacts on early marriage and evaluate spatial differences across rural and urban areas, northern and southern Mali, and environmental conditions. Across the full sample, cooler than average temperatures reduce the probability of child marriage, while precipitation shocks show no statistically meaningful effect. However, the effects of climate conditions vary spatially. Linear models show that the marginal effect of very high rainfall increases child marriage for girls living in urban areas and northern Mali. In addition, exposure to very cold and very dry conditions predicts marriage before age 18. Overall, our findings point to meaningful but complex relationships between climate variability and child marriage, in which precipitation and temperature exposures can increase or decrease marriage risks, underscoring the need for more research on understudied populations and spaces affected by climate change. |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:vz54m_v1 |
| By: | Arvanitopoulos, Theodoros; Bulian, Simon; Wilson, Charlie; Jordan, Andrew J; Tosun, Jale; Vasilakos, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | The corpus of national climate policies continues to grow - but to what effect? Using data on 3, 917 policy instruments across 43 OECD countries and major emerging economies from 2000-2022, we show that national climate policy portfolios specializing in instrument types and sectors are associated with faster reductions in fossil CO2 emission intensity. Supported by exemplar country case studies, we also provide quantitative evidence that the effectiveness of climate policy is amplified by long-term emission reduction targets and the presence of dedicated governmental bodies including ministries and intergovernmental organisations. The cumulative effect of all climate policy portfolios over our study period amounts to 3.1 GtCO2 fewer emissions in 2022 relative to a no-policy counterfactual - substantially less than what's needed to stay on track for the Paris Agreement goals. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2026–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137198 |
| By: | Asteriou, Dimitrios; Dimiski, Anastasia |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the intricate relationship between climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and energy market dynamics, focusing on fossil‐based and renewable/low‐carbon energy assets. Utilising a comprehensive dataset spanning from April 1987 to December 2023, comprising monthly observations of CPU, stock market returns, spot oil prices and various energy commodity futures, we employ time series regressions to analyse the effects of CPU on market returns. Our findings reveal that fossil‐based energy assets are significantly and negatively impacted by changes in CPU, while renewable and low‐carbon energy assets exhibit minimal or negligible effects. Moreover, we identify a heightened negative impact of CPU during periods of increased uncertainty, underscoring investor sensitivity to abrupt spikes in climate policy uncertainty, particularly in fossil‐based energy sectors. Robustness analysis confirms the efficacy of the CPU index as a reliable indicator, emphasising the importance of using comprehensive metrics to assess the influence of climate policy uncertainty on financial markets. Our study underscores the necessity for policymakers and industry stakeholders to recognise the implications of climate policy uncertainty on energy markets and prioritise efforts to establish clear and consistent policy frameworks to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable energy landscape. |
| Keywords: | low‐carbon energy; policy frameworks; renewable energy; climate policy uncertainty; energy markets; robustness analysis; sustainability; fossil‐based energy assets |
| JEL: | G11 G12 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137465 |
| By: | Saurav Kumar (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Taniya Ghosh (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Shesadri Banerjee (Reserve Bank of India) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the macroeconomic dynamics under the recently announced intensity based Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) in India using an Environmental Dynamic Stochas tic General Equilibrium framework. The policy freely allocates carbon certificates in the primary carbon market and aims to incentivize their trading by monetizing emission intensity reductions in the secondary carbon market. Distinguishing between thermal power and green electricity we find that the incentive mechanism of this policy promotes the adoption of green electricity and reduces emissions in the long term. Although phasing out the use of fossil fuels remains a challenge in the short term, an ambitious intensity target, coupled with cheaper green electricity, can accelerate the energy transition. In addition, it stabilizes the economy against volatility in fossil fuel prices. Our results highlight that the rate-based CCTS outperforms the price-based carbon tax policy in promoting the energy transition while sustaining the growth objectives. |
| Keywords: | E-DSGE, Secondary carbon market, Intensity target, Free allocation |
| JEL: | E32 Q48 Q58 D47 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2025-027 |
| By: | Sara Ait Abderrahman (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Fatima Zohra Alaoui Sossi (University Ibn Toufail = Université Ibn-Tufayl = جامعة ابن طفيل) |
| Abstract: | Abstract This article analyzes how the integration of sustainability into a territorial brand influences citizens' perceptions and eco-friendly behaviors. Based on a literature review, the study introduces the concept of a "sustainable territorial brand" that merges place branding and sustainable development. A quantitative survey conducted among 120 residents of Rabat, designated a "green city" since 2010, shows that the sustainable territorial brand significantly strengthens citizens' commitment, values, trust, and attitudes. The main finding indicates that commitment is the strongest determinant of eco-responsible behavior, whereas trust has no direct effect. These results suggest that sustainable territorial branding can be an effective lever for mobilizing citizens toward environmental transition. Recommendations include reinforcing transparency and visibility around sustainability initiatives, encouraging citizen participation in local environmental actions, and designing communication strategies that highlight shared values and collective benefits. Déclaration de divulgation : L'auteur n'a pas connaissance de quelconque financement qui pourrait affecter l'objectivité de cette étude. Conflit d'intérêts : L'auteur ne signale aucun conflit d'intérêts. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable territorial brand brand image civic commitment trust values attitude eco-responsible behavior sustainability territorial branding Rabat, Sustainable territorial brand, brand image, civic commitment, trust, values, attitude, eco-responsible behavior, sustainability, territorial branding, Rabat |
| Date: | 2025–12–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05415647 |
| By: | Floore Bursens;; Silvia De Poli;; Sofia Maier;; Gerlinde Verbist; |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the distributive impact of a hypothetical carbon tax on households' transport and energy consumption in Belgium. It focuses on the welfare effects across population groups and along the income distribution, as well as on the expected budgetary and environmental effects, accounting for consumer responses under a partial equilibrium microsimulation framework. Given the wellknown regressive features of consumption taxes in general, and of energy- or carbon-related taxes in particular, this study evaluates various methods for making the carbon tax more progressive and assesses how these methods affect the overall distributional outcomes. We assess both the expected results as well as the feasibility of each of the tax design scenarios, considering the effect on household income and its distribution vis-a-vis the expected reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hdl:wpaper:2503 |
| By: | Omar Hniche Pr (UM5R - Université Mohammed V de Rabat – Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Économiques et Sociales – Souissi); Sara Kayouh ((LARCEPEM) - Laboratoire de Recherche en Compétitivité Economique et Performance Managériale (LARCEPEM) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en performance et Compétitivité Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Socia) |
| Abstract: | The growing intensity of climate change and environmental constraints has challenged the sustainability of traditional growth models, particularly in emerging economies characterized by strong sectoral heterogeneity. In this context, green taxation has gained prominence as a key policy instrument for internalizing environmental externalities while supporting sustainable development. However, the effectiveness and equity of environmental taxation critically depend on its design, sectoral alignment, and institutional context. This article examines whether a green taxation model based on progressive sectoral carbon footprintscan enable Morocco to reconcile environmental effectiveness, fiscal equity, and economic sustainability.The study adopts a systematic literature reviewmethodology in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, drawing on peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science over the period 2007–2025. A total of 22 studies were included, encompassing econometric analyses (ARDL and CS-ARDL), computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, sectoral impact assessments, and institutional studies related to environmental taxation in Morocco and comparable economies.The results indicate that green and carbon taxation can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the long run, particularly when combined with complementary policies such as energy capacity expansion, technological upgrading, and digital transformation. However, the findings also reveal substantial sectoral disparitiesin carbon intensity and adjustment capacity, which limit the effectiveness of uniform tax schemes. Progressive, sector-based taxation frameworks emerge as more suitable for enhancing environmental efficiency while mitigating adverse economic and social effects. Moreover, institutional quality, fiscal governance, and revenue recycling mechanisms are identified as decisive factors shaping policy outcomes and social acceptability.Overall, the article demonstrates that a progressive green taxation model grounded in sectoral carbon footprints constitutes a promising governance tool for aligning environmental objectives with fiscal equity and economic sustainability in Morocco.Keywords:Green taxation; Carbon tax; Sectoral carbon footprint; Fiscal equity; Environmental sustainability; Morocco; Progressive taxation |
| Abstract: | L'aggravation continue du changement climatique et le renforcement des contraintes environnementales mettent en question la viabilité des schémas de croissance conventionnels, notamment dans les pays émergents marqués par une forte diversité sectorielle. Dans ce contexte, la fiscalité verte s'affirme comme un levier central de l'action publique visant à corriger les externalités environnementales tout en favorisant un développement durable. Néanmoins, la performance et la justice de cette fiscalité reposent largement sur les choix de conception, le ciblage sectoriel et l'environnement institutionnel dans lequel elle s'inscrit. Cet article analyse la capacité d'un dispositif de fiscalité verte fondé sur une progressivité des empreintes carbone sectorielles à permettre au Maroc de concilier efficacité environnementale, équité fiscale et soutenabilité économique.La recherche s'appuie sur une revue systématique de la littérature menée selon le protocole PRISMA, à partir de publications scientifiques évaluées par les pairs et répertoriées dans les bases Scopus et Web of Science sur la période 2007–2025. Vingt-deux études ont été sélectionnées, incluant des travaux économétriques (ARDL et CS-ARDL), des modèles d'équilibre général calculable, des analyses d'impacts sectoriels ainsi que des études institutionnelles portant sur la fiscalité environnementale au Maroc et dans des économies présentant des caractéristiques similaires.Les résultats mettent en évidence que les instruments de fiscalité verte, et en particulier la taxation du carbone, contribuent à une réduction notable des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur le long terme, surtout lorsqu'ils sont accompagnés de politiques complémentaires telles que le renforcement des capacités énergétiques, l'innovation technologique et la transition numérique. Toutefois, l'analyse souligne l'existence de fortes hétérogénéités sectorielles en termes d'intensité carbone et de capacités d'adaptation, limitant ainsi l'efficacité des mécanismes fiscaux uniformes. À cet égard, des dispositifs de taxation progressive différenciés par secteur apparaissent plus pertinents pour améliorer la performance environnementale tout en réduisant les impacts économiques et sociaux défavorables. Par ailleurs, la qualité des institutions, l'efficacité de la gouvernance fiscale et les modalités de recyclage des recettes jouent un rôle déterminant dans l'efficacité des politiques mises en œuvre et leur acceptabilité sociale.En conclucion, l'étude montre qu'un système de fiscalité verte progressive, fondé sur les empreintes carbone sectorielles, représente un instrument de gouvernance prometteur pour articuler les objectifs environnementaux avec les exigences d'équité fiscale et de soutenabilité économique au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | Green taxation Carbon tax Sectoral carbon footprint Fiscal equity Environmental sustainability Morocco Progressive taxation, Green taxation, Carbon tax, Sectoral carbon footprint, Fiscal equity, Environmental sustainability, Morocco, Progressive taxation |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05458513 |
| By: | Imen Bouhlel (ESSEC Business School, France); Nathalie Lazaric (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Paolo Zeppini (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France) |
| Abstract: | Climate change calls for a transition to a more sustainable economy. Incumbent technologies pose a barrier to the diffusion of innovative solutions. Furthermore, the benefits of novel sustainable practices, such as recycling, can be offset by the adoption of obsolete polluting technologies. Understanding the mechanism of competitive diffusion is crucial for designing policies that favour promising but underdeveloped technologies. We propose an agent-based model where adoption occurs in a social network by word-of-mouth, in a percolation framework. We study how learning affects competitive diffusion and find that small differences in technologies' costs lead to large differences in their diffusion sizes. In addition, increasing the number of early adopters can back-fire and hinder overall diffusion. We calibrate the model to data on plastic waste recycling, where alternative solutions such as mechanical and physical/chemical technologies compete for a new market. Green public procurement, tax exemption and R&D boost are implemented for triggering sustainable transitions. The direction of technical change is discussed, as well as the role of policymakers in creating a shift in the plastic value chain. |
| Keywords: | Agent-based modeling; Learning curves; Mission-oriented policies; Networks; Percolation |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2026-04 |
| By: | Filani, Iyanuoluwa O; Butt, Ali A; Harvey, John T |
| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation are rising globally, particularly in emerging economies, where growing wealth increases vehicle ownership, vehicle use, and expansion of road networks. Road infrastructure is vital to economic development, but its construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation contribute significantly to GHG emissions. While extensive research and policy efforts have focused on emissions from vehicle operation, emissions from road infrastructure have not been systematically benchmarked to support mitigation strategies. A holistic lifecycle approach that integrates emissions from road construction, maintenance, vehicle production, operation, and road surface roughness provides a more complete understanding of climate impact from road transportation. To address these knowledge gaps, researchers at the University of California, Davis developed a framework to estimate lifecycle GHG emissions from road networks around the globe. This framework estimates emissions from 2021 to 2050, incorporating regional differences in road network expansion, vehicle fleets, and travel activity. The study offers regional benchmarks and identifies evidence-based opportunities to reduce infrastructure-related emissions and support more sustainable transportation.This brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides implications for the field. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Acceptance, Concrete, Cooperation, Implementation, Materials selection, Technological innovations, Technology assessment |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8z13v346 |
| By: | Fasolin, Guilherme Natan; Valentim, António |
| Abstract: | Does climate change affect who runs for office, and how? As extreme weather events intensify, they create social and economic challenges that likely impact political candidacy. We build on existing research on mass political participation and the political economy of candidate entry and test how extreme weather events affect candidate pools. Using a novel dataset of flooding events and mayoral candidates in Brazil (2000-2020), we employ a difference-in-differences design and find that floods reduce the education level of mayoral candidates. Using data on federal transfers, corruption audits, and surveys, we show the effects on education can be driven by rent-seeking and outside options. By shedding light on the effects of climate change on candidate selection, this study highlights how climate change can paradoxically increase the representation of underrepresented groups in politics. |
| Date: | 2026–02–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:fp93g_v1 |
| By: | Filani, Iyanuoluwa O; Butt, Ali A; Harvey, John T |
| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation are rising globally, particularly in emerging economies, where growing wealth increases vehicle ownership, vehicle use, and expansion of road networks. Road infrastructure is vital to economic development, but its construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation contribute significantly to GHG emissions. While extensive research and policy efforts have focused on emissions from vehicle operation, emissions from road infrastructure have not been systematically benchmarked to support mitigation strategies. A holistic lifecycle approach that integrates emissions from road construction, maintenance, vehicle production, operation, and road surface roughness provides a more complete understanding of climate impact from road transportation. To address these knowledge gaps, researchers at the University of California, Davis developed a framework to estimate lifecycle GHG emissions from road networks around the globe. This framework estimates emissions from 2021 to 2050, incorporating regional differences in road network expansion, vehicle fleets, and travel activity. The study offers regional benchmarks and identifies evidence-based opportunities to reduce infrastructure-related emissions and support more sustainable transportation. This brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides implications for the field. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Acceptance, Concrete, Cooperation, Implementation, Materials selection, Technological innovations, Technology assessment |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5mx492jw |
| By: | Dineva, Mariana; Wilkins, Emma; Green, Mark Alan (University of Liverpool); Gilthorpe, Mark S (University of Leeds); Johnstone, Alexandra (University of Aberdeen); Morris, Michelle |
| Abstract: | With increasing concerns around food sustainability, estimating the environmental footprint of diets is critical. Supermarket transaction data are becoming prominent as a valuable source of objective dietary purchase data. We developed a method to map environmental sustainability metrics to foods and beverages sold by a major UK supermarket, using sales data from the Yorkshire and the Humber region (2022). Products were mapped to global Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGE) estimates for 45 commodities in four stages. Initially, products were grouped into categories and linked to commodities. Subsequent stages disaggregated high-complexity or high-sales categories into subcategories with similar ingredients, using retailer categorisations (Stage 2) and word searches within product descriptions (Stage 3), and finally refined categorisations to aid interpretability (Stage 4). The product with the highest sales in each subcategory was selected as an indicator product and mapped to commodities using data on ingredient proportions. Land Use and Water Use estimates were generated using the final mapping scheme. A look-up tool was produced linking categories to environmental sustainability metrics for use with other food product data. By Stage 4, 98·6% of >27, 000 products were mapped to GHGE, using 200 category/subcategory-based GHGE estimates. Disaggregation revealed significant variation in GHGE estimates: up to a three-fold difference between Stage 1 and 4 estimates for the same category, and up to a 30-fold difference between subcategories within the same category. Disaggregation of complex categories is important for accurate estimation of sustainability indices. Our sales-guided approach balances accuracy and efficiency when dealing with large supermarket data and could support a wide range of research into sustainable diets. |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rxf9j_v1 |
| By: | Joanna Mazurkiewicz; Jakub Soko³owski; Bartosz Jusypenko |
| Abstract: | The report assesses Poland’s updated National Energy and Climate Plan by combining an analysis of energy and climate security risks with new evidence on public preferences regarding the transition. We relate four risk dimensions (geopolitical, affordability, reliability, and sustainability) to the NECP’s targets and measures. The analysis is complemented by a survey and a discrete choice experiment that identifies preferences over trade-offs involving climate impacts, fossil-fuel imports, and the distribution of transition costs and benefits. The results indicate that the key issue is not only raising target ambition, but also the trajectory, feasibility, and durability of implementation. Affordability is the most sensitive area: public acceptance of policy depends on cost resilience and perceived fairness. The findings also point to the need for a broader understanding of security that captures households’ exposure to price-volatility risk and helps explain public attitudes toward energy and climate policy. |
| Keywords: | NECP, energy security, energy affordability, social acceptance, energy transition, Poland |
| JEL: | Q48 Q58 H23 D78 C93 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibt:report:rr012026 |
| By: | Stenkula, Mikael (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | This essay examines the rise of “Green Deals” as large-scale state-sponsored active industrial policies to accelerate a transition toward climate neutrality. Building on the concept of mission-oriented innovation policy (MOIP), it documents how environmental and active industrial policies have converged across advanced economies, reshaping the policy toolkit toward direct public investment and publicly supported investment. The essay provides detailed accounts of the European Union’s Green Deal and the U.S. counterpart, situating them in the broader political economy of climate policy. It also highlights initiatives in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Sweden, which additionally illustrate Grean Deal initiatives and how the latter national strategies adapt EU-level frameworks and institutional constraints. A comparative analysis underscores key differences between the EU’s fragmented, case-by-case approach and the more streamlined but fiscally uncertain U.S. model. The essay concludes by stressing the need for greater scrutiny of these policies, including their economic efficiency and fiscal sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Climate neutrality; Climate policy; Green Deal; Mission-oriented innovation policy; Industrial policy |
| JEL: | H23 O38 P18 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–02–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1554 |
| By: | Martín, Roberto Spacey; Ranger, Nicola; Schimanski, Tobias; Leippold, Markus |
| Abstract: | The extent to which firms are adapting and building resilience to environmental change is crucial information for financial institutions, regulators and governments. While corporates’ physical climate risk exposure of their assets to environmental change can be calculated using models, additional information is needed to evaluate their vulnerability to physical climate change, how well they are adapting and broader alignment with societal adaptation and resilience (A&R) goals. This paper empirically evaluates the extent of A&R-related information in current corporate sustainability reports to provide such insights. We build on established sustainability disclosure frameworks and develop an A&R disclosure framework that we combine with the latest advances in large language models to assess S&P 500 company sustainability reports. We prove that corporate A&R information in sustainability reports is lacking, particularly around risks, metrics and targets, underlining the need to consider other data sources when assessing firm-level risks and contributions to societal A&R goals. |
| Keywords: | UKRI 2025/2026 fund |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130942 |
| By: | Wang, Jodi Ann; Higham, Ian; Bastos Goncalves Martin, Guillaume; Monsignori, Giorgia |
| Abstract: | This paper represents a response to the call for inputs on climate financing and human rights issued by the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). It was submitted to the OHCHR on 16 January 2026. The submission highlights research from the Just Transition Finance Lab and Law & Governance research units at the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, and from the TPI Global Climate Transition Centre, all based at the Global School of Sustainability at LSE. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137461 |
| By: | Hugo Bailly (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Deloitte Economic Advisory) |
| Abstract: | The transition to a low-carbon economy requires substantial investment to replace the production technologies and infrastructure reliant on fossil fuels. In addition to regulation and carbon pricing, a range of financial policies has been proposed to accelerate green investment. This article evaluates the implications of three of them - direct green investment subsidies, green public guarantees, and capital market deepening - in terms of emission reduction, economic activity, and public debt. The analysis relies on a stock-flow consistent, input-output model of the EU economy, which explicitly incorporates industries' marginal abatement costs, intersectoral input-output linkages, and investment financing channels. Model simulations reveal that direct subsidies are the most effective tool for achieving significant emission reductions; however, they also result in substantial increases in the debt-to-GDP ratio. In contrast, public guarantees and equity market development tend to strengthen public finances and economic activity but yield only moderate emission cuts. The results further suggest that combining policies can effectively balance emission mitigation and economic activity without compromising public finance sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Green financial policies, Ecological macroeconomics, Stock-flow consistent modelling, Input-output modelling |
| Date: | 2026–02–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-05522653 |
| By: | Joiner, Emily (Resources for the Future); Lohawala, Nafisa (Resources for the Future); Wibbenmeyer, Matthew (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Indirect land-use change (ILUC)—the market-mediated expansion of agricultural land that can occur when cropland is diverted to biofuel feedstocks—has potential to result in the release of large amounts of stored carbon, offsetting some or all of the climate benefits of biofuels. ILUC has been a source of debate in biofuels policy and life-cycle greenhouse gas accounting for nearly two decades. This brief reviews how economic models estimate ILUC and how policymakers incorporate those estimates in the United States, the European Union, and international aviation. We explain why projections vary across models, where disagreements remain, and how policy design can account for uncertainty.Biofuels are derived from biological material, such as crops, waste oils, and residues. They have the potential to reduce net GHG emissions relative to petroleum-based fuels because the carbon released when they are burned was recently absorbed by the feedstock and will be reabsorbed from the atmosphere if new feedstock is grown. For this reason, they are often viewed as a way to reduce net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in sectors that are difficult to electrify, such as aviation, shipping, and heavy-duty transport.Whether biofuels reduce net emissions in practice depends on the consequences of producing and using them at scale relative to fossil-fuel baselines, including emissions from feedstock cultivation, refining, (LUC). An expansion of agricultural land use induced by increased biofuel demand has the potential to spur the conversion of forests, grasslands, and wetlands to cropland, thereby releasing large amounts of stored carbon.LUC could arise in two ways. Direct LUC is an expansion of cropland for feedstock production; such expansion can be directly observed and accounted for. For example, when a forest is cleared for a palm oil plantation, fuel produced from that plantation can be assigned direct LUC emissions. ILUC, by contrast, occurs through market-mediated responses. Increased demand for crops as feedstocks (versus food or animal feed) raises crop prices, which creates incentives to convert non-crop land to cropland. Natural areas may be converted directly to cropland, or land used for grazing livestock may be converted to cropland, pushing livestock production into natural areas. These responses occur globally, so they can induce land conversion far from where feedstocks are produced. For instance, if soybean oil is diverted from export markets to US fuel use, higher global prices for vegetable oil may induce expansion of palm oil production in Southeast Asia to replace soybean oil in food markets.That ILUC operates through global markets makes it difficult to attribute land-use emissions to biofuels, and researchers and policymakers have typically relied on models to simulate it. Searchinger et al. (2008) brought concerns about ILUC to prominence by predicting ILUC emissions from US corn ethanol production large enough to undo its carbon benefits relative to conventional fuels. In this comparison, timing matters: ILUC produces a large, immediate release of land carbon, but the emissions benefits from substituting corn ethanol for petroleum accrue over many years. In Searchinger et al. (2008), corn ethanol nearly doubles GHG emissions over the first 30 years, and the break-even point is reached only after about 167 years. Subsequent critiques questioned the assumptions underlying these large projections (Wang and Haq 2008; Sedjo et al. 2015). Since then, policymakers have relied on lower ILUC emissions values, reflecting alternative models and assumptions.ILUC predictions continue to be vigorously debated. Model results are highly sensitive to contested assumptions and modeling choices, and the past predictive performance of ILUC models has been difficult to validate empirically. These challenges—coupled with the potential significance of ILUC for assessing the climate effects of biofuels and influencing policy incentives and compliance obligations—have made the topic highly contentious.We begin by outlining how policymakers incorporate ILUC into regulatory frameworks in Section 2. Section 3 describes the economic models used to estimate ILUC, explaining why projections vary. Section 4 reviews the ILUC values adopted in policy and the disagreements surrounding them. Section 5 concludes with reflections on future directions for ILUC analysis and policy design. |
| Date: | 2026–03–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-26-02 |
| By: | Aina, Carmen (Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale); Parisi, Lavinia (Università degli Studi di Salerno); Picchio, Matteo (Università Politecnica delle Marche) |
| Abstract: | Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical threat to women's safety and equality worldwide, yet the role of climate and environmental stressors in shaping violence against women remains underexplored, particularly in developed countries. This study identifies the causal impact of short-run temperature fluctuations on GBV in Italy using ten years of province-level data (2013-2022) on helpline calls and femicides and a two-way fixed effects estimation strategy. We find that higher temperatures increase both help-seeking behavior and lethal GBV. Accounting for nighttime temperatures shows that elevated minimum temperatures are particularly consequential relative to daytime heat. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that temperature effects are not uniform across provinces, with evidence of differential responses along selected dimensions related to adaptation and socio-economic context. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of considering climate-related stressors within violence prevention and social protection frameworks, even in high-income countries. |
| Keywords: | climate change, gender-based violence, temperatures, femicide, violence prevention |
| JEL: | J12 J16 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18394 |
| By: | Giulia Rossello; Maria Antonietta Reatini; Gabriele Pinto; Giorgio Cattani |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is a major externality whose consequences extend beyond health and productivity. This paper shows that short-run pollution shocks also reduce democratic participation. We combine official, municipality-level election results from 32 national, European, regional, and municipal elections in Italy (2013-2022) with newly assembled daily measures of PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 for all Italian municipalities. Our identification strategy exploits quasi-random election-day deviations in local pollution relative to recent conditions, and we corroborate the results using wind speed as an instrument for particulate matter. Higher pollution on election day substantially depresses turnout: a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 (roughly doubling typical exposure) lowers participation by 2-3 percentage points, corresponding to about one million fewer votes. The estimates are similar for PM10 and NO2, and when pollution exceeds WHO guideline thresholds. Using post-election survey data from the 2013, 2018, and 2022 national elections coupled with survey-date exposure, we find consistent individual-level declines in reported voting intentions, with larger effects among citizens who report higher political interest. These findings identify the political-economy cost of air pollution, which not only reduces turnout but distorts the democratic representation by altering who turns out, not just how many. Our results suggest that environmental regulation can strengthen the democratic process by improving political participation and representation, in addition to its health and welfare benefits. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution, Environmental Effects, Political Participation, Turnout |
| JEL: | Q51 Q53 D72 D91 |
| Date: | 2026–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2026/328 |
| By: | Luca Congiu (University of Insubria; CEIS, University of Rome “Tor Vergataâ€); Manuela Coromaldi (Department of Economics, University of Rome Niccolò Cusano); Alessio D’Amato (University of Napoli Parthenope; Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies (SEEDS)); Loredana Mirra (University of Rome “Tor Vergataâ€); Andrea Rampa (University of Rome “Tor Vergata†; Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies (SEEDS)) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an empirical analysis of Italian attitudes towards climate change and climate policies based on a comprehensive survey of 5, 637 respondents. The study investigates the potential drivers of public support for various climate policies, including carbon taxes, product bans, and subsidies for green technologies, in light of public resistance observed in other countries. We use ordered probit models to address support for specific policy types and a multivariate probit model to explore the interdependencies across public opinions on taxes, bans, and subsidies. Our findings indicate that attitudes toward climate policy are primarily shaped by a combination of individual characteristics —such as political affiliation, climate change awareness, and personal intentions — and, to a lesser extent, by the respondents’ employment sector. We find that older individuals, those with left-leaning political views, and those with higher climate engagement are consistently more likely to support a broad range of climate policies. Conversely, individuals who deny climate change and those working in hard-to-abate industries show a certain opposition. The analysis also strongly highlights the importance of social equity, as concern about inequality is positively correlated with support to subsidies, while concerns about impacts on personal wage and wealth appear to reduce, in several cases, support to climate policies. Our multivariate analysis also reveals a high correlation across different policy types support, suggesting an underlying, unified view in favour (or against) climate action. Similarly to Douenne and Fabre (2022), our results highlight the importance of designing policies that are not only economically sound but also address social equity concerns, such as through targeted revenue recycling, to enhance public acceptability and mitigate potential resistance. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0426 |
| By: | Julia Jadin; Florine Le Henaff |
| Abstract: | Dietary change is a low-cost and scalable strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the food system, yet little is known about which house holds emit most, who reduces emissions over time, and how. This paper com bines detailed scanner data from Worldpanel by Numerator’s Take Home data with product-level emissions from the SHARP-ID database to examine the level and evolution of dietary carbon footprints among GB households from 2017 to 2022. We find differences across household types. Higher footprints are associated with older, less-educated, or female main shoppers, as well as larger, predominantly male, or child-rearing households. These differences reflect both quantities purchased and the carbon intensity of food choices. Over time, households with initially high footprints—especially middle-aged, less-educated, and larger households—were most likely to reduce them. In contrast, households with children and predominantly male ones showed little adjustment. Among reducers, nearly all lowered food quantity, and a majority also reduced carbon intensity, often via substitutions within food groups (e.g. beef to chicken). These findings identify the groups driving emissions, those adjusting, and those requiring policy attention. Supporting lower-carbon sub stitutions and targeting high-emission groups could improve the effectiveness and equity of food-related climate policies. |
| Keywords: | dietary carbon footprint; household heterogeneity; scanner data; carbon intensity |
| JEL: | Q54 Q18 D12 C23 |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/403155 |
| By: | Dominik Suri (University of Bonn); Jan Börner (jborner@uni-bonn.de); Zerihun Kebebew (Jimma University); Sebastian Kube (University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | Forest protection contributes to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation.Yet negative income shocks can induce local forest users to increase extraction in order to cope with economic hardship. We study how social norms shape collaborative forest management when communities face an exogenous income shock. We implement an incentivized framed field experiment with 162 smallholder farmers in rural Ethiopia using an interactive dynamic resource extraction game. Farmers individually decide how many trees to harvest from a community forest: harvested trees yield private income, whereas unharvested trees generate group benefits. They do so under different experimental treatments—either with or without i) the presence of a negative income shock and ii) a previous activation of social norms—allowing us to causally identify mechanisms shaping forest management. We find that the activation of social norms fosters fully sustainable resource management in the absence of an income shock. Moreover, a different norm emerges when the community encounters an income shock: now, harvesting more than can sustainably regrow is considered socially appropriate and harvesting behavior adjusts accordingly. Yet without norm activation, the negative income shock puts even more pressure on deforestation. Taken together, these findings suggest that policy-makers should work with local communities to develop complementary institutional mechanisms that sustain collective forest management in times of crisis. |
| Keywords: | Common-pool resources, forest commons, social norms, income shock, framed field experiment, community forest management, cooperation |
| JEL: | Q20 Q23 Q50 Q56 D70 D91 D64 Z13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:393 |
| By: | Rémi Raher (ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières); Dmytro Antoniuk; Kateryna Antoniuk; Alla Tkachenko; Mykhailo Yanushkevych |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing sustainable practices in corporate financial management, with particular attention to their impact on strategic planning, financial performance, and long-term resilience. The research methodology combines a review of current approaches to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) integration with an analysis of international practices and frameworks. The findings of the study indicate that the adoption of sustainable practices in corporate financial management plays a crucial role in ensuring the long-term stability of companies. However, the implementation process is met with several challenges, including resistance to change, significant financial costs, and a lack of expertise in sustainable development. Integrated strategies that incorporate ESG factors contribute to improved financial planning, reduced risks, and enhanced business appeal to investors. Overall, the study underlines the importance of embedding sustainable practices into corporate financial governance to support efficient resource allocation, increased transparency, and sustainable value creation. |
| Keywords: | integration of balanced decisions operational productivity strategic planning system performance sustainable development, integration of balanced decisions, operational productivity, strategic planning, system performance, sustainable development |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05491252 |
| By: | Robert Reinhardt (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéo-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan African cities are among the fastest growing in the world but face significant climatic risks. This study investigates how the four most important weather shocks (floods, heat waves, drought, and storms) have shaped the physical expansion of 5, 721 cities in the region between 2000 and 2019. Using high-resolution remote sensing data combined with a panel of weather shocks observed over time, we find that floods, especially, reduce urban growth by 3-9%, most notably in western Africa. The effects are substantially amplified when floods follow heat waves, a common cooccurring combination. Droughts, when considered in the surrounding areas of cities, are associated with a 3% growth in urban areas. However, inverse effects are observed when treatment history is taken into account. Storms appear to accelerate the growth of wealthier towns, although the evidence is limited. Heatwaves alone show no clear effect. Our findings emphasize the need for integrated flood adaptation policies that take common co-occurring hazards equally into account. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of considering both the historical context and the spatial dimension of the shock in empirical work |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Resilience; Urban growth; development |
| JEL: | P25 Q54 O44 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:26004 |
| By: | Romagnoli Valentina; Berlinghof Thomas; Parchomenko Alexej; Weissenbacher Jakob; Fratini Letizia; López Hernández Viviana; Baron Yifaat; Lorösch Hannah; Moch Katja; Graulich Kathrin; Stalmans Astrid; Asscherickx Lise; Duhoux Tom; Gama Caldas Miguel (European Commission - JRC); Senatore Vincenzo (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The destruction of unsold consumer products causes avoidable environmental harm and results in the loss of economic and material value. In sectors such as textiles, where approximately 21% of goods placed on the market may remain unsold, up to half of these are ultimately destroyed—often through recycling, incineration or landfilling. This study was commissioned by the European Commission to support the implementation of the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), in particular Articles 24 and 25, which establish new transparency obligations and enable a ban on the destruction of certain unsold goods. A disclosure format based on Combined Nomenclature codes was developed to ensure standardised, verifiable reporting by economic operators. In parallel, an environmental impact assessment framework enables life cycle-based analysis of unsold goods destruction, and a methodological tool supports the assessment of the net benefit of a ban, incorporating economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Together, these tools provide a practical foundation for proportionate, evidence-based regulatory action and reinforce EU efforts to reduce waste and advance circular economy goals. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc143466 |
| By: | Mathieu Guigourez (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéo-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This paper challenges the Pigouvian framing of carbon taxation as a neutral corrective tool, arguing that carbon pricing also reshapes how individuals understand their responsibility in the climate crisis. The paper synthesises four critiques – moral licensing, framing distortions, dampening effects, and endogenous preferences – showing how carbon pricing can displace or erode moral responsibility. In response, it introduces a distinction between accordant responsibility, defined as behavioural alignment with external incentives, and procedural responsibility, grounded in moral reflection and autonomous commitment. It challenges the view that price signals alone can engineer moral agency and argues for policies that sustain ethical commitments |
| Keywords: | Carbon Tax; Individual Responsibility; Framing; Crowding out Effects; Endogeneous Preferences |
| JEL: | Q57 D62 D91 B41 A12 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:26003 |
| By: | Tavneet Suri; Petar Madjarac; Robert D. van der Hilst |
| Abstract: | Food insecurity is an existential threat for Africa (a continent facing rapid population growth and dire climate impacts) and addressing it a global imperative. Over 30% of caloric intake comes from maize, but crop yields are low partly because high costs make synthetic fertilizers uneconomical. A field experiment with Kenyan smallholder farmers explores the promise of genetically modified (microbial) biofertilizers to deliver nitrogen and increase yields at affordable costs. We see significant increases in yields (up to 110% for some farmers) and lower environmental impact than synthetic products. This suggests that biofertilizers could dramatically improve food security and child nutrition in Africa. |
| JEL: | O13 O55 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34858 |
| By: | Ayse Sila Koc; Irfan Cercil |
| Abstract: | The rapid increase in climate change risks has given rise to multinational and country-level efforts to mitigate its effects. In recent decades, and particularly after the Paris Agreement in 2016, climate change policies (CCPs) have intensified across both advanced countries and emerging market economies. These developments have heightened transition risks stemming from the adaptation of green policies, with potential implications for international capital flows, most notably, foreign direct investment (FDI). This paper investigates the impact of country-specific CCPs on FDI flows using a panel of 40 advanced and EM economies over the period of 1990-2019, employing the local projections (LP) method. The results indicate that CCPs are significantly associated with a decline in both gross and net FDI inflows in EM economies, whereas the effects of CCPs on FDI flows in advanced economies are more muted and statistically insignificant. Further empirical analysis reveals no statistically robust relationship between CCPs and overall portfolio (equity and debt) flows. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on the macro-financial consequences of CCPs and offer valuable insights for both policymakers and international investors. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Climate change policies, Emerging markets, Capital flows, Foreign direct investment, Local projections |
| JEL: | F21 F64 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2604 |
| By: | Gavin Harper; Viet Nguyen-Tien |
| Abstract: | Why critical materials are central to global strategic partnerships |
| Keywords: | Green Growth |
| Date: | 2026–02–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:727 |
| By: | Bea Cantillon; |
| Abstract: | This paper traces how a European socio-ecological policy framework has emerged to enable the making of an Eco-Social Union (ESU)—conceived as a supportive supranational environment providing steering, guidance, and support to the Union’s national welfare states, while safeguarding national diversity. By adopting a synoptic approach—examining objectives, policy instruments, and funding as an integrated whole—we show that the process is more advanced than is generally assumed. Tracing its emergence from the Union’s founding to recent crises, we highlight (i) the articulation of increasingly freestanding social objectives—centred on social inclusion and now increasingly intertwined with ecological goals; (ii) the layering of first- and second-order, input- and outcome-oriented governance; (iii) the rising role of EU funding in coupling resources to social and ecological aims and fostering solidarity among the Member States; and (iv) the growing interconnections among these elements. Without foreclosing ideational interpretations, we contend that the process is taking shape out of functional necessity—enabling national welfare states, as active actors in the process, to protect themselves against the negative spillovers of integration and to support reform needs, not least in response to the climate crisis; enabling the Union to safeguard its cohesion; serving as a productive factor for the functioning of the single market; and making the green transition possible. The paper argues that goal-oriented funding that takes into account differential national needs may set in motion a virtuous cycle that renders the ESU increasingly irreversible: interstate solidarity creates the necessity for common binding social and environmental standards while the pursuit of common objectives raises the need for interstate solidarity as evidenced by the Social Climate Fund. |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hdl:wpaper:2507 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Caribbean small island developing States face a complex convergence of structural vulnerabilities that profoundly threaten their long-term development. These challenges include acute climate vulnerability (manifesting as hurricanes, sea-level rise, salination, biodiversity loss, sargassum influxes and drought), limited land and natural resources, high dependence on imported food, and challenging geographic and economic isolation due to small domestic markets. Compounding these issues are significant fiscal constraints, high debt levels and persistent brain drain, which collectively limit investment in long-term resilience and development strategies. While Caribbean SIDS increasingly recognize the transformative potential of STI to drive resilience, sustainability and economic diversification, this crucial input remains critically underfunded, underrepresented and inadequately integrated into national, regional and global policy settings and planning frameworks. The Caribbean allocates a mere 0.1–0.2% of its GDP to research and development, substantially below the 2% or more invested by leading science economies like the Republic of Korea or the United States of America. This underinvestment, heavily concentrated in a few larger economies within Latin America and the Caribbean, leaves smaller economies with minimal scientific capacity. Furthermore, existing national STI strategies are often outdated or disconnected from core sustainable development policies, such as those addressing climate change, biodiversity, energy production or sustainable tourism. |
| Date: | 2026–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col095:85930 |
| By: | Robert Reinhardt (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan African cities are among the fastest growing in the world but face significant climatic risks. This study investigates how the four most important weather shocks (floods, heat waves, drought, and storms) have shaped the physical expansion of 5, 721 cities in the region between 2000 and 2019. Using high-resolution remote sensing data combined with a panel of weather shocks observed over time, we find that floods, especially, reduce urban growth by 3-9%, most notably in western Africa. The effects are substantially amplified when floods follow heat waves, a common cooccurring combination. Droughts, when considered in the surrounding areas of cities, are associated with a 3% growth in urban areas. However, inverse effects are observed when treatment history is taken into account. Storms appear to accelerate the growth of wealthier towns, although the evidence is limited. Heatwaves alone show no clear effect. Our findings emphasize the need for integrated flood adaptation policies that take common co-occurring hazards equally into account. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of considering both the historical context and the spatial dimension of the shock in empirical work. |
| Keywords: | Development, Urban Growth, Resilience, Climate Change |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-05510186 |
| By: | Henrekson, Magnus (Research Institute of Industrial Economics) |
| Abstract: | This study critically examines HYBRIT, a Swedish flagship project led by state-owned LKAB to produce fossil-free sponge iron using hydrogen from fossil-free electricity. Framed as central to EU’s green transition, HYBRIT promised CO₂ cuts exceeding Sweden’s total emissions but faced major technological, economic, and infrastructural hurdles. The analysis situates HYBRIT within broader “moonshot†policies, prone to political enthusiasm, rent-seeking, and neglect of opportunity costs. The project required large-scale hydrogen production, storage, and process adaptation, unproven at commercial scale. Profitability depended on persistently low electricity prices and high CO₂ costs while global competition in green steel intensified. Electricity constraints in northern Sweden further strained feasibility. Political, regional, and corporate interests nonetheless aligned behind HYBRIT, aided by limited scrutiny of state-owned firms. Mounting criticism and shifting priorities ultimately led LKAB to defer its sponge iron plans indefinitely, pivoting toward high-grade ore and critical minerals. The case highlights the risks of mission-oriented policies when political symbolism outweighs technological and market realities. |
| Keywords: | green deals, green steel, hydrogen, mission-oriented policies, moonshots, public choice, rent-seeking |
| JEL: | L20 L52 L70 O38 Q28 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18359 |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Budnevich Portales, Cristobal; Amin, Ali; Jahn, Valentin; Scheer, Antonina |
| Abstract: | The TPI Centre’s Carbon Performance assessments to date have been predominantly based on the Sectoral Decarbonisation Approach (SDA). The SDA translates greenhouse gas emissions targets made at the international level (e.g. under the 2015 UN Paris Agreement) into appropriate benchmarks, against which the performance of individual companies can be compared. The SDA recognises that different sectors of the economy (e.g. oil and gas production, electricity generation, and automobile manufacturing) face different challenges arising from the low-carbon transition, including where emissions are concentrated in the value chain and how costly it is to reduce emissions. Other approaches to translating international emissions targets into company benchmarks have applied the same decarbonisation pathway to all sectors, regardless of these differences. Such approaches may result in suboptimal insights, as not all sectors have the same emissions profiles or face the same challenges: some sectors may be capable of faster decarbonisation, while others require more time and resources. Therefore, the SDA takes a sector-by-sector approach, comparing companies within each sector against each other and against sector-specific benchmarks, which establish the performance of an average company that is aligned with international emissions targets. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137444 |
| By: | Theresa Hager (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Interdisciplinary Commodity Studies Lab, Linz Institute for Transformative Change, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Laura Porak (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Stephan Pühringer (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Carlotta Terhorst (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | Despite widespread acknowledgment of the climate crisis, ambitious climate action remains constrained by competing visions of socio-ecological transformation (SET). Drawing on critical state theory, which conceptualizes the state as a "strategic terrain" where social forces struggle over hegemonic visions, this paper analyzes how transformative imaginaries shape political opportunity structures for climate policy in Austria's corporatist setting. We address two critical gaps in the SET literature: existing research discusses transformation visions abstractly without linking them to concrete policy-relevant actors, and the economic reasoning underlying these imaginaries remains largely unexamined. Using the SETER framework, we conduct a mixed-methods analysis combining discourse analysis with social network analysis to identify actor coalitions among Austria's major political parties and organized interest groups. Our findings reveal three distinct coalitions: Market-Driven Transition (emphasizing markets and innovation), Just Transition (prioritizing state intervention and distributional justice), and Ecological Modernization (emphasizing urgency and international cooperation). Despite differences in transformation pace and quality, substantial hegemonic consensus exists across actors – particularly regarding market-state tandems, techno-optimism, and growth orientation. This consensus reflects deep path dependencies and explains Austria's shift from environmental leader to climate laggard, demonstrating how economic reasoning and material interests constrain the political opportunity space for transformative climate action. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:175 |
| By: | von Haaren, Paula; Berger, Axel |
| Abstract: | The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development - the global framework establishing 17 universal and interconnected goals to guide sustainable development efforts - was adopted in 2015 following a uniquely participative and ambitious process. A decade on, it is increasingly evident that most of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are unlikely to be achieved by 2030 as originally envisioned. Discussions about a follow-up framework beyond 2030 are gaining momentum ahead of the SDG Summit in September 2027. This paper evaluates the process design, inclusiveness, negotiating strategies, fora and fault lines in 2015 and discusses to what extent the lessons learned can be applied to negotiations for a potential follow-up framework. We find that several process design elements and negotiation strategies, as well as actor composition, fostered trust and ownership, reduced polarisation and enabled agreements on ambitious targets. In particular, the process benefited from the inclusion of diverse, non-hierarchical actor communities, a long, science-based stocktaking phase, the breaking up of traditional negotiating blocks, transparency, and emphasis on common interests. We also identify several recurring fault lines that are overwhelmingly still relevant today. Apart from the above best practices of the process leading to the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, we identify several shortcomings that should be addressed in the beyond-2030 negotiations: inefficiencies due to competing tracks for the development of the goals; top-down agenda-setting processes leading to less ambitious outcomes; barriers to participation of and accountability towards some marginalised and informal actors; and the watering down of goals and indicators - including non-tangible targets and unresolved inconsistencies and trade-offs within the agenda. Finally, the paper argues that the beyond-2030 negotiations will take place in a context that is similar to the process that led to the SDGs but is nevertheless in many ways more challenging than in 2015, amidst intensifying crises, political shifts and loss of trust. |
| Keywords: | Beyond 2030, post-2030, SDGs, sustainable development goals, sustainable development, agenda 2030, multilateralism, global framework, development cooperation, Rio+20 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:337447 |
| By: | Theresa Hager (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Interdisciplinary Commodity Studies Lab, Linz Institute for Transformative Change, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Laura Porak (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Stephan Pühringer (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Carlotta Terhorst (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | Despite widespread acknowledgment of the climate crisis, ambitious climate action remains constrained by competing visions of socio-ecological transformation (SET). Drawing on critical state theory, which conceptualizes the state as a "strategic terrain" where social forces struggle over hegemonic visions, this paper analyzes how transformative imaginaries shape political opportunity structures for climate policy in Austria's corporatist setting. We address two critical gaps in the SET literature: existing research discusses transformation visions abstractly without linking them to concrete policy-relevant actors, and the economic reasoning underlying these imaginaries remains largely unexamined. Using the SETER framework, we conduct a mixed-methods analysis combining discourse analysis with social network analysis to identify actor coalitions among Austria's major political parties and organized interest groups. Our findings reveal three distinct coalitions: Market-Driven Transition (emphasizing markets and innovation), Just Transition (prioritizing state intervention and distributional justice), and Ecological Modernization (emphasizing urgency and international cooperation). Despite differences in transformation pace and quality, substantial hegemonic consensus exists across actors – particularly regarding market-state tandems, techno-optimism, and growth orientation. This consensus reflects deep path dependencies and explains Austria's shift from environmental leader to climate laggard, demonstrating how economic reasoning and material interests constrain the political opportunity space for transformative climate action. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:set:wpaper:3 |
| By: | Henrekson, Magnus (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Sandström, Christian (Linneaus University, Växjö, Sweden); Stenkula, Mikael (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | Green Deals have been introduced across Western economies as large-scale, mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) intended to combine economic growth with environmental sustainability. Rooted in the concept of an “entrepreneurial state, ” these initiatives reflect renewed confidence in governments’ ability to direct technological and industrial transformation. However, their outcomes have frequently diverged from expectations. This volume examines the theoretical foundations and empirical results of Green Deals, highlighting the institutional, economic, and behavioral factors that contribute to their shortcomings. Drawing on perspectives from evolutionary economics, public choice theory, and behavioral political economy, the contributors analyze a wide range of cases, including Germany’s Energiewende, Italy’s Superbonus, and the European Union’s hydrogen and battery programs. Across these examples, recurring challenges such as rent-seeking, mission capture, optimism bias, and distorted incentives are identified. The findings indicate that while Green Deals have advanced ambitious sustainability goals, they often undermine competitiveness and fiscal stability while generating limited environmental benefits. The volume concludes by outlining alternative pathways that emphasize incremental, technology-neutral, and institutionally grounded approaches to sustainability—approaches that align more closely with long-term economic resilience and effective environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship policy; Green deals; Green transition; Innovation policy; Moonshot policies; Public choice |
| JEL: | H50 L26 L52 O33 O38 P16 |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1553 |
| By: | Hamidou Diallo (Université de Kindia); Mamadou Saidou Diallo (Université de Kindia) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies whether large mining commitments can reshape macroeconomic exposure to climate shocks before extraction begins. Focusing on Guinea—a highly rainfall-dependent economy—and the Simandou iron ore project, we test whether the sensitivity of growth to rainfall variability changes after a discrete commitment regime associated with major legal and contractual milestones. Using annual data and interaction specifications with Newey–West HAC inference, we find a pronounced regime shift: rainfall shocks are not precisely associated with GDP growth in the pre-commitment period, but become economically large and statistically meaningful after commitment. In the preferred specification with macro controls, a one–standard-deviation rainfall shock reduces real GDP growth by about 0.54 percentage points in the post-commitment regime, implying that rainfall variability explains a nontrivial share of observed growth volatility. Sectoral results indicate that amplification is not cleanly concentrated in agricultural growth; instead, post-commitment rainfall shocks are associated with a positive and significant response in services, consistent with altered co-movement and demand spillovers under changing sectoral composition. Complementary dynamic diagnostics and counterfactual simulations reinforce the timing and magnitude of this amplification. Overall, the findings suggest that extractive commitment can endogenously increase climate vulnerability by reshaping economic structure and shock propagation—even in the absence of mining production or resource revenues—highlighting the importance of aligning extractive planning with climate resilience and agricultural buffering capacity during pre-production phases. |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse si de grands engagements miniers peuvent modifier l'exposition macroéconomique aux chocs climatiques avant le début de l'extraction. En se concentrant sur la Guinée, économie fortement dépendante des précipitations, et sur le projet de Simandou, nous examinons si la sensibilité de la croissance à la variabilité pluviométrique évolue après un régime d'engagement lié à des jalons juridiques et contractuels majeurs. À partir de données annuelles et de modèles à interactions estimés avec des erreurs HAC de Newey–West, nous identifions un changement de régime marqué : les chocs pluviométriques deviennent économiquement significatifs et statistiquement pertinents après l'engagement. Dans la spécification privilégiée, un choc d'un écart-type réduit la croissance réelle du PIB d'environ 0, 54 point de pourcentage dans la période post-engagement. Les résultats sectoriels suggèrent que cette amplification ne se limite pas à l'agriculture, mais s'accompagne d'une réponse positive du secteur des services, traduisant une recomposition sectorielle et des effets de propagation. Ces résultats indiquent que les engagements extractifs peuvent accroître la vulnérabilité climatique en modifiant la structure économique, même en l'absence de production minière, soulignant la nécessité d'intégrer la résilience climatique dès les phases pré-productives. |
| Keywords: | Guinea, macroeconomic volatility, structural change, mining commitment, rainfall variability, climate shocks, Chocs climatiques, Guinée, vulnérabilité, changement structurel, engagement minier, précipitations, Simandou |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05462959 |
| By: | Espinosa-Uquillas, Elizabeth; Kling, Matthew; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | The heterogeneity of different farmland sizes has been overlooked in the climate adaptation literature, yet it is crucial for identifying effective policy interventions to achieve national-scale climate resilience. Using U.S. Agricultural Census data from 2012, 2017, and 2022 aggregated by farm size groupings within states, we compare the temporal changes in adoption of three water-related climate adaptation practices (cover crops, tile drainage, and irrigation) across small, medium and large farms, individually. Specifically, we provide estimates of the role of multiple government programs and climate changes in shaping heterogeneous climate adaptation behaviors across farm sizes. Applying multilevel models within a Bayesian framework, we show that temporal changes of government programs and climate conditions correlate with temporal changes in adoption differently across farm sizes. For small and medium farms, insurance participation associates positively with adoption of cover crops and irrigation. Among large farms, federal programs correlate negatively with irrigation, while state programs and insurance are positively associated with cover crops. These results suggest the opportunity to enhance cover crops among small and medium operations by improving the distribution of insurance and state programs, where small farms often have low participation. Alternatively, crop insurance, and not climate, might be the major driver of irrigation expansion among smaller farms as a way to increase productivity and reduce premium subsidies. Finally, small farms’ adoption of irrigation and tile drainage shows uncertain or negative correlations with changing and uncertain climate, implying that diseconomies of scale might be limiting their adoption; meanwhile, uncertainty of returns under climate changes is preventing farms of all sizes from growing cover crops, specifically in the West for large and medium farms, and the Eastern regions for small farms. We conclude that encouraging the adoption of water-related climate adaptation practices may require adjusting current federal and local programs toward individualized farm-size policies. |
| Date: | 2026–02–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:h6zsp_v1 |
| By: | Scott Alan Carson; Scott A. Carson |
| Abstract: | The Environmental Protection Agency’s Quad-O regulation’s objective is to reduce methane emissions; however, its effects on industry output and international crude oil and natural gas prices remain poorly understood. Quad-O increased international prices for crude oil, natural gas, conventional gas, diesel, and aviation fuel, but did not produce uniform effects on firm returns across upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. While the regulation’s implementation had limited effects on most firm returns, equipment & services and transportation & pipeline sectors experienced adverse returns following the Quad-O announcement. Although consumers faced higher energy prices, these sectoral return differential effects suggest that oil and gas consumers bore a larger share of the regulatory burden. |
| Keywords: | environmental protection agency, regulation, Quad-O, methane |
| JEL: | L50 L51 L52 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12446 |
| By: | Chepeliev, Maksym |
| Abstract: | Rapidly increasing material extraction is putting major pressure on ecosystems. Future increases in incomes and population could result in over 2.5 times growth in global material demand by 2050, putting even more pressure on the environment. Thus, an absolute decoupling of material use from GDP and income is of major importance to preserve safe operating boundaries. It is vital to understand how current policy efforts, including climate mitigation, could impact material use patterns and what complementary circular economy (CE) policies could be implemented to support dematerialization. At the same time, there is a lack of global datasets and related modeling tools that could support such an analysis. To address this limitation, here we develop a special version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) Circular Economy (GTAP-CE) Data Base with detailed representation of primary, secondary, and recycling activities for metals (steel, aluminum, copper, etc.) and plastics, detailed representation of fertilizers, as well as disaggregated cement activity. The GTAP-CE Data Base is based on the v11c of the GTAP-Power Data Base with the 2017 reference year, representing the global economy across 99 activities, 141 individual countries and 19 composite regions. Introduced sectoral splits are designed to facilitate both the assessment of the circular economy policies, as well as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) measures. The developed GTAP-CE Data Base is distributed in model-friendly formats and can be readily linked to the GTAP-based CGE models for the assessment of various policy scenarios either in the dynamic or static frameworks. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:resmem:7674 |
| By: | Florian Léon (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Djeneba Dramé (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Africa faces a major financial challenge: to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and finance its demographic, ecological, and digital transitions, the continent must close a financing gap estimated at several hundred billion dollars per year. Public resources and official development aid will not be sufficient. The solution may lie in domestic private resources: Caisse de dépôt institutions, little-known yet strategic financial institutions, have the potential to mobilize local private savings—currently largely underutilized—to finance projects of public interest. Present in eleven African countries, they still struggle to fully play their role. How can they become an effective lever to transform national savings into a driver of development? |
| Keywords: | Development financing, Sustainable development goals, domestic revenue mobilisation |
| Date: | 2026–02–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05524903 |
| By: | Schiff, Maurice (Fellow, IZA Institute of Labor Economics) |
| Abstract: | I examine whether trade can improve the impact of population growth on natural resources (NR) and welfare over time. Under autarky, population growth results in NR and welfare collapse over time, irrespective of the value of the returns to scale in the manufacturing sector, Ï•. Under trade, NR and welfare are unchanged (increase) (collapse) over time for Ï•=(>)( |
| Keywords: | population growth, Renewable Natural Resources (NR), trade vs autarky, manufacturing returns to scale, impact on NR and welfare |
| JEL: | F16 F18 Q27 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18360 |
| By: | Djanibekov, Nodir; Kurbanov, Zafar; Tadjiev, Abdusame; Dhehibi, Boubaker; Akramkhanov, Akmal |
| Abstract: | Agricultural sector in Uzbekistan is undergoing rapid modernization driven by institutional reforms and mounting pressure to ensure sustainable land and water resource use. This study investigates the adoption and impacts of four sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) promoted for sustainable intensification: crop rotation, manure application, drip irrigation, and laser levelling. Using nationally representative survey data from 1, 225 farms across four major regions (Andijan, Kashkadarya, Khorezm, and Samarkand) collected in 2024, we employ a multivariate probit model to analyze complex, inter-dependent adoption decisions and their determinants. Subsequently, we apply treatment-effects models to assess the impact of individual practices and selected bundles on three critical outcomes: farm revenue, an agronomic sustainability index, and the gender wage gap among seasonal workers. Our analysis reveals that SAP adoption patterns are highly practice-specific. Crucially, perceived profitability, benefits and challenges are strong predictors of uptake, while standard structural variables (education, farm size, and extension contact) are inconsistent determinants across practices. Modern technologies are more strongly linked to institutional arrangements, farm structure, and training than are traditional practices. Results on impact are nuanced: no single technology improves all three outcomes simultaneously. Drip irrigation emerges as the most promising individual practice, significantly raising both revenue and sustainability. In contrast, laser levelling shows no clear average economic gains. Importantly, SAP bundles consistently outperform single practices on sustainability and sometimes on revenue. Social impacts are mixed: crop rotation tends to widen, while the joint adoption of laser levelling and drip irrigation narrows, the gender wage gap. Overall, the findings underscore the necessity of practice-specific and portfolio-based policy support for sustainable agriculture in reforming transition economies. |
| Keywords: | Technology adoption, Irrigated farming systems, Multivariate probit, Treatment effects analysis |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:337498 |
| By: | Espinosa-Uquillas, Elizabeth; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | Despite cover crops been widely promoted for their on and off-farm benefits, their adoption is both low nationally and diminishing in some areas. Existing research has examined a suite of factors affecting the adoption of cover crops in the United States, yet understanding the role of multiple government programs and climate changes has not been fully investigated over time, especially across a national sample. Furthermore, the factors associated with cover crop disadoption have not yet been explored nationally. To fill these gaps in the literature, we combine multiple publicly available data sources to estimate the role of multiple government programs (i.e., crop insurance, state, conservation and working-lands programs) and weather and climate change conditions on county cover crop adoption and disadoption. First, we find that increasing crop insurance participation is associated with increasing cover crop adoption nationally and in the Midwest and Northeast, while increasing insurance premium subsidies are correlated with reduced cover crop adoption in the Midwest and increasing in the Southwest. Second, working-lands payments (including EQIP, CSP and commodity) are highly correlated with cover crop adoption in every region except the Northwest, although exclusively during the 2012-2017 period, when EQIP aggressively expanded cost-sharing cover crops. Third, cover crops might have been implemented as a climate-resilience strategy although constrained by a region’s particular agricultural system. For instance, increasing temperature variability is correlated with higher cover crop adoption in the Western regions, while water deficits are associated with more cover crops in the Midwest but lower cover crops in the Southeast. Finally, we quantify that 31% and 41% of counties had decreasing level of cover crops in 2017 and 2022, respectively, implying potential adoption saturation and concentration in fewer counties. Regionally, the probability of cover crop disadoption increases with land-retirement payments in the Northwest, insurance participation in the Southeast, and insurance subsidies in the Midwest, while it decreases with working-lands payments in the Midwest. We conclude that production risks from cover crop adoption could be potentially alleviated with the expansion of federal cost-sharing programs and crop insurance participation; yet the amount of premium subsidies should be assessed as possibly disincentivizing cover crops in the Midwest due to moral hazard triggers and risk-management redundancies under both practices. |
| Date: | 2026–02–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:76djb_v1 |
| By: | Nelia Luviano Aparicio (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, S3C - Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center [Miami, FL, USA]); Eglantine Mathieu-Bégné (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, QUASAV - SFR UA 4207 QUAlité et SAnté du Végétal - UA - Université d'Angers - ESA - Ecole Supérieure des Agricultures - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRHS - Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences - UA - Université d'Angers - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Julien Kincaid-Smith (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Olivier Rey (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marion A.L. Picard (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Cristian Chaparro (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean-François Allienne (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Anne Rognon (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Bruno Polack (BIPAR - Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques - ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Biopôle Alfort - ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort); Isabelle Vallée (BIPAR - Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques - ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Myriam Thomas (BIPAR - Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques - ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jérôme Boissier (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Eve Toulza (IHPE - Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis contribute to human and animal infections, highlighting complex interspecies interactions that facilitate schistosomiasis transmission. Schistosoma bovis infects multiple ruminant hosts, promoting cross-species transmission and increasing zoonotic risk. This study explores transcriptomic plasticity as a mechanism enabling hybrid schistosomes to adapt to different definitive hosts. We analysed two contexts: (1) introgressed S. haematobium × S. bovis hybrids, which exhibited higher virulence in sheep than parental S. bovis; and (2) S. bovis infecting different mammalian hosts. Introgression, the transfer of genetic material between species through hybridization and repeated backcrossing, was associated with 366 differentially expressed genes (4% of coding genes) between introgressed hybrids and S. bovis in sheep. Additionally, S. bovis showed host-dependent transcriptomic changes, with 30% of genes differentially expressed between infections in hamsters and sheep. Enriched biological processes shared across introgression and host adaptation included nuclear mRNA catabolism and inner mitochondrial membrane organization, indicating increased gene expression plasticity and metabolic adaptation to environmental stress. These findings suggest that transcriptomic plasticity enhances the adaptability of S. bovis and hybrid worms, increasing their zoonotic potential. This raises concerns for schistosomiasis control, as such plasticity could expand transmission capacity and complicate intervention strategies. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Parasite evolution and impact in action: exploring the importance and control of hybrid schistosomes in Africa and beyond'. |
| Keywords: | host change, zoonotic risk, heterosis, Schistosoma hybrids, transcriptomic plasticity |
| Date: | 2026–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05469047 |
| By: | Nila S Khanolkar; Mr. David L Rozumek; Peter Windsor |
| Abstract: | The paper explores the role of financial sector regulators and supervisors with respect to climate risks; it discusses (i) the importance of adhering to core mandates and alignment with international standards; (ii) how existing regulatory and supervisory tools and approaches can be leveraged to address climate-related risks, outlining specifically the role of banking, securities and insurance supe rvisors; and (iii) considerations for supervisors in emerging market jurisdictions regarding capacity building. |
| Keywords: | regulation; supervision; regulator; supervisor; climate risks; climate; emerging markets; Monetary and Capital Markets Department; Financial Supervision and Regulation Division; IMF Library; views of the IMF; publication order; Climate change; Financial sector stability; Bank supervision; Global |
| Date: | 2026–02–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imftnm:2026/001 |
| By: | Burgert, Matthias; Darracq Pariès, Matthieu; Priftis, Romanos; Röhe, Oke; Rottner, Matthias; Silgado-Gómez, Edgar; Stähler, Nikolai; Durand, Luigi; González, Mario; Varga, Janos |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a novel model comparison to examine the challenges posed by changes in carbon-intensive energy prices for monetary policy. The employed environmental monetary models have a detailed multi-sector structure. The comparison assesses the effects of both a temporary and a permanent energy price increase with a particular focus on the euro area and the United States. Temporary and permanent price shocks are both inflationary. However, the inflationary impact of the permanent shock depends on the underlying model assumptions and monetary policy response. The analysis also establishes that these models share large commonalities in their quantitative and qualitative results, while also pointing out cross-country differences. JEL Classification: C54, E52, H23, Q43 |
| Keywords: | climate change, DSGE models, model comparison, monetary policy, multi-sector models |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263192 |
| By: | Jan K. Brueckner |
| Abstract: | This paper has explored heterogeneous individual valuations of an important amenity, climate mildness, using a traditional Rosen-Roback empirical framework. It does so by including interaction terms between the amenity and worker characteristics in an hedonic wage regression that also include a housing-price measure. The results suggest that non-young workers (those in the mid-age and old groups) value a mild climate more than do young workers, matching the usual view that the tolerance for cold weather declines with age. The findings also suggest that, like their highly educated counterparts, workers with low education levels also highly value a mild climate, with workers in the middle range of education having a lower valuation. These findings, which contradict the view that only better-off individuals care about amenities, could reflect the lower burden in mild weather of the manual work done by the less educated. In addition to presenting these empirical findings, the paper further contributes by presenting new analytics for the Rosen-Roback model in a setting with individual heterogeneity. |
| Keywords: | climate, mildness, amenities, valuation |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12402 |
| By: | Porter, Kathryn |
| Abstract: | * No credible forecast shows UK oil and gas demand falling to zero by 2050, even under net zero scenarios - oil and gas are essential ingredients in plastics, fertilisers, medicines and modern technology * The 78% headline tax rate is forcing a decline in North Sea production and driving investment overseas, with the workforce forecast to halve to as low as 57, 000 by the early 2030s - losing up to 1, 000 jobs a month * Replacing domestic production with imports increases overall emissions by around 50% and risks gas shortages on cold winter days as early as 2026/27 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ieadps:337449 |
| By: | Stephan Puehringer (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Lukas Baeuerle (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; Socio-Ecological Transformation Lab, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The paper introduces the SETER framework, a conceptual tool for analyzing the interplay between Socio-Ecological Transformation (SET) and Economic Reasoning (ER). In the context of global crises and the contested nature of sustainability discourses, the framework identifies nine key categories – ranging from economic goals and the role of the state to transformative dynamics and agency – to systematically compare diverse SET narratives and their basic underlying economic assumptions. Drawing on insights from Social Studies of Economics (SSE) and Sustainability Transitions Research (STR), the framework highlights how ER shapes SET discourses and potential pathways, influencing both the diagnosis of socio-ecological crises and its proposed solutions. The paper applies the framework for two contrasting cases: the EU Green Deal, which exemplifies a market-driven “green growth” narrative, and Kohei Saito’s Degrowth Manifesto, which advocates for commons-based, sufficiency-oriented transformation. These cases illustrate the framework’s ability to map competing visions of SET, revealing the systemic dependencies between ER categories and their manifestations. The SETER framework also enables a typification of antagonistic narratives opposing SET, such as techno-libertarian or fossil-modernization discourses. While the framework provides a useful tool for categorizing and comparing SET narratives, its integration with power-focused analytical tools is necessary to assess the performative influence of these narratives. By offering a flexible, cross-sectoral, and longitudinal approach, the SETER framework provides a robust methodology for navigating the complexities of SET-related discourses, fostering critical reflection on economic imaginaries, and envisioning equitable and sustainable pathways for transformation. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:set:wpaper:1 |
| By: | Carlos Cortes Zéa (CEI - Collège d'Etudes Interdisciplinaires - UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11); Vincent Pradier Goeting (GREGOR - Groupe de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | None of the Sustainable Development Goals will be met by 2030: persistent poverty, growing inequalities and inadequate financial resources attest to this collective failure. Even as ODA declines, the costs of eradicating extreme poverty remain within reach. The emergence of a ‘post-ODA world' reveals a crisis of purpose, two competing visions of what is needed: ‘improve' the aid architecture we have or ‘reinvent' it, breaking with the colonial or hierarchical underpinnings. Western NGOs, faced with a double imperative – decolonial and environmental - must re-think their economic models, power structures and partnerships to contribute to a new order of international cooperation |
| Abstract: | En 2030, aucun Objectif de développement durable ne sera atteint : la pauvreté persistante, les inégalités accrues et le financement insuffisant marquent cet échec collectif. Alors que l'Aide publique au développement (APD) décline, les coûts de l'éradication de l'extrême pauvreté demeurent accessibles. L'émergence d'un « monde post-APD » révèle une crise de finalité où s'affrontent deux visions : « améliorer » l'existant ou « réinventer » l'architecture du développement en rompant avec ses logiques coloniales et hiérarchiques. Confrontées à une double injonction décoloniale et environnementale, les ONG occidentales doivent repenser les modèles économiques, les structures de pouvoir et les partenariats afin de contribuer à un nouvel ordre de coopération internationale |
| Keywords: | ONG, APD, Cooperation internationale, Decolonial |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05524244 |
| By: | Joaquin Vespignani; Russell Smyth; Jamel Saadaoui; Yitian Wang |
| Abstract: | We develop novel, stage-specific, geopolitical risk indicators to examine how geopolitical risk is distributed across the supply-chain for lithium and copper, two minerals which are vital for low-carbon technologies. We find that refining is the geopolitical bottleneck for both minerals, reflecting that refining capacity is highly concentrated in China. We examine refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and AI-driven productivity gains as complementary policy instruments for mitigating exposure to geopolitical risk at the refining stage. We show that reducing China's refining share substantially lowers refining-stage geopolitical risk, with larger gains for lithium than for copper. We find that stockpiling plays a critical role in buffering near-term geopolitical shocks, but significantly increases the projected shortfall in copper and lithium which is needed to realize the clean energy transition under alternative Net Zero pathways. We demonstrate that AI-driven productivity gains will be needed to narrow the projected supply gaps for both minerals. Our results suggest that ensuring effective security of critical minerals requires a coordinated policy mix, combining refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and productivity-enhancing technological change. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, copper, lithium, geopolitical risk, refining bottlenecks |
| JEL: | C14 Q20 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2026-15 |
| By: | Meitz, J.; Faude, D.; Strauch, Lisa; Kämpf, V. I.; Gläß, Michaela; Walther, Ulrich |
| Abstract: | The European Union has set forth an objective to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and external supply chains. Hydrogen technologies are regarded as a pivotal element in achieving a sustainable and resilient energy supply. Despite the prioritization of hydrogen-powered fuel cells in numerous strategies, hydrogen combustion engines also offer promising opportunities, particularly with regard to heavy-duty applications and industrial processes. The successful deployment of this technology hinges upon its societal acceptance. The present paper analyzes, on the basis of empirical studies, the determinants influencing the acceptance of hydrogen engines in various societal and economic contexts. In doing so, it takes into account the political, infrastructural, and technological framework conditions. Additionally, the paper explores the potential contributions of the promotion of hydrogen engines to the European Union's strategic autonomy in the energy sector. Finally, policy recommendations have been formulated to support broader societal acceptance and the economic implementation of this technology. |
| Keywords: | Societal Acceptance, Energy Autonomy, European Union Policy, Decarbonization, Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:337457 |
| By: | Katia Jazmín Romero-Bautista (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); David Jesús Palma López (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); César Jesús Vázquez Navarrete (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); José Jesús Obrador Olán (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); Winston Vlaminck (PalmElit); Arnulfo Aldrete (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); Laurene Feintrenie (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Objective: To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of waste from the oil palm industry (empty fruit bunches and palm kernel shell charcoal), from the forestry industry (Cedrela odorata sawdust and Eucalyptus spp. bark), and from the agroindustry (sugarcane bagasse, cocoa pod husk, and coconut fiber), in order to determine their potential as components of regional substrates. Design/Methodology/Approach: A completely randomized design was used for the experiment. Seven regional substrate treatments with three replicates were used to evaluate the response variables. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p≤0.05) were used to analyze the results in the InfoStat v. 2020 statistical software. Results: Regional substrates had similar characteristics —and even a higher concentration of nutrients— than the commercial substrate, which was mainly based on sphagnum peat moss. Substrate S5 —eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) bark:cocoa pod husk:cedar (Cedrela odorata) sawdust (3:1:1)— had more variables that were statistically similar to the commercial substrate, while S4 —cocoa pod husk:cedar sawdust:palm kernel shell charcoal (3:1.5:0.5)— stood out for its higher concentration of micronutrients. The results identified sustainable and accessible options that meet the recommended criteria for plant production in containers. Study Limitations/Implications: This study only took into account the characterization of regional waste and substrates; consequently, its effects on future plant production should be evaluated. Findings/Conclusions: The substrates were sustainable and affordable and met the recommended criteria for the plant production in containers. |
| Keywords: | recycling, nursery, physical and chemical properties, sphagnum peat moss, organic waste, Tabasco, sciure, récipient de culture, coque de cacao, charbon de bois, propriété physicochimique, Eucalyptus, déchet organique, production forestière, utilisation des déchets, déchet d'exploitation forestière, bagasse |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05506367 |
| By: | Perez Camacho M Nati (European Commission - JRC); Wolf Oliver (European Commission - JRC); Rames Mette; Donatello Shane; Guimarães Renata; Jordão Mariana |
| Abstract: | This Science for Policy Report is intended to provide the background information for the revision of the existing EU Ecolabel criteria for indoor and outdoor paints and varnishes (Commission Decision 2014/312/EU). The study has been carried out by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Unit B.5 – Circular Economy and Sustainable Industry with the technical support of Viegand Maagøe A/S. The work was developed for the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Environment. The EU Ecolabel criteria for indoor and outdoor paints and varnishes set out in Decision 2014/312/EU were established in 2014. Commission Decision (EU) 2022/1229 prolonged their validity until 31 December 2025. The main purpose of this Technical Report is to examine whether the criteria are still appropriate and up-to-date, or whether some of them should be revised, amended or removed; and finally, whether any new criteria should be added. The Technical Report provides elements supporting the proposal for revised EU Ecolabel criteria for decorative paints, varnishes, and related products, performance coatings and related products, and new products such as water-based aerosol spray paints. This Technical Report includes scope adjustments and revised criteria for three annexes: decorative paints, varnishes, and related products, performance coatings and related products, and water-based aerosol spray paints. This Technical Report addresses the requirements of Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 (EC, 2010) regarding technical evidence to inform the criteria revision, and incorporate input from three stakeholder consultations. To support the revision process, a first version of this report was produced as a working document and was updated and complemented as the revision developed. That document provided the rationale for the revised criteria proposal and summarised the research and the outcome of the three stakeholder consultations, which were crucial to develop revised criteria that are able to pinpoint the best environmental products available on the market while taking into account the state of the art of the sector. After a revision process lasting 24 months, this is the final version of the report which supports the adopted criteria for decorative paints, varnishes, and related products, performance coatings and related products, and water-based aerosol spray paints. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145239 |
| By: | Perez Camacho M Nati (European Commission - JRC); Wolf Oliver (European Commission - JRC); Rames Mette; Donatello Shane; Guimarães Renata; Jordão Mariana |
| Abstract: | This Preliminary Report is intended to provide the background information for the revision of the existing EU Ecolabel criteria for indoor and outdoor paints and varnishes (Commission Decision 2014/312/EU). The present study has been carried out by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) with the technical support of Viegand Maagøe A/S. The work was developed for the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Environment. The EU Ecolabel criteria for indoor and outdoor paints and varnishes set out in Decision 2014/312/EU were established in 2014. Commission Decision (EU) 2022/1229 prolonged their validity until 31 December 2025. To support the revision process with technical evidence, this Preliminary Report consists of: — an analysis of the scope, definitions and description of the legal framework, as well as a first proposal for the revised scope (Task 1); — a market analysis (Task 2); — a technical analysis, including an environmental assessment (Task 3). This background information, combined with input received from the stakeholders involved, was used in the revision process to justify the choices behind the revision of the criteria (research and work carried out from June 2023 to June 2025). |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc145238 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Latin America and the Caribbean is committed to mainstreaming a gender perspective in foreign policy to promote human rights, international peace and security, climate action, international cooperation and sustainable development. The adoption of a feminist foreign policy offers an opportunity to renew multilateralism and make this commitment a reality. This document sets out criteria for fostering synergies between Germany’s feminist development cooperation policy and the Regional Gender Agenda agreed since 1977 at the meetings of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also seeks to contribute to increasing funding and international cooperation, in its various forms, with gender equality as the main objective across the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. |
| Date: | 2026–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:84905 |
| By: | Radovanovic Nikola; Fabbri Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); Sanz Macarena; Predic Marina; Radovanovic Nikola; Fabbri Emanuele (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effectiveness of Smart Specialisation strategies in addressing sustainability and competitiveness challenges in the Western Balkans, a region whose innovation performance is strongly tied to EU accession efforts. Emphasizing green and digital transitions as key drivers but also situating Smart Specialisation within the New European Innovation Agenda (NEIA), the Growth Plan for the Western Balkans, and their emphasis on building connected Regional Innovation Valleys (RIVs), it highlights the need for system-level innovation focused on inclusive growth. The involvement of local players and strategic resource allocation remain crucial for practical outcomes. Evidence shows progress in digital infrastructure and sectoral initiatives, yet persistent gaps in data availability, skills and regulatory frameworks hamper uptake. In addition to environmental considerations, the paper draws attention to ICT cooperation, sectoral knowledge and innovation systems and sustainability reporting alignment as critical enablers for resilient development. Strengthening regional cooperation and stakeholder trust emerges as the key to optimising Smart Specialisation strategies for sustainable, innovation-led growth in line with EU priorities |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc143970 |
| By: | Fichter, Klaus; Neumann, Thomas; Olteanu, Yasmin; Grothey, Tim; Block, Jörn |
| Abstract: | Der Green Startup Report 2026, herausgegeben vom Borderstep Institut für Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit, analysiert die aktuelle Entwicklung der grünen Gründungslandschaft in Deutschland und setzt die seit 2013 kontinuierlich durchgeführte wissenschaftliche Beobachtung der Szene fort. Die Langzeitperspektive ermöglicht eine belastbare Einordnung struktureller Trends, technologischer Entwicklungen und Veränderungen der Gründungsdynamik. Die grüne Start-up-Community ist weiter gewachsen und umfasst inzwischen 4.668 Unternehmen (Gründungszeitraum 2016 - 2025). Grüne Start-ups leisten einen zentralen Beitrag zur technologischen Innovationsfähigkeit und zur Klimaschutzleistung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Patentquote, überdurchschnittliche Forschungsintensität und ein erhebliches CO2-Minderungspotenzial aus. Im Durchschnitt reduzieren ihre Lösungen Treibhausgasemissionen um mehr als 70 Prozent gegenüber marktüblichen Technologien. Gleichzeitig zeigt der Report erstmals seit Jahren eine rückläufige Gründungsdynamik. Trotz stabiler und wachsender GreenTech-Märkte bremsen Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen in Politik und Öffentlichkeit sowie regulatorische Unsicherheiten insbesondere in kapitalintensiven Sektoren das weitere Wachstum. Der Green Startup Report 2026 liefert damit eine zentrale Datengrundlage für die strategische Weiterentwicklung der deutschen Start-up-, Innovations- und Klimapolitik. |
| Keywords: | grüne Start-ups, Gründungen, Kapital, Einhorn, Klimaschutzpotenzial, Finanzierung, Start-ups mit Investment, Patent, Nachhaltigkeit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Innovationskraft, Scale-up-Strategie, Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, Förderung, Green-Startup-Ökosystem, Marktzugang, Künstliche Intelligenz KI, Geschäftsmodell, nachhaltiges Geschäftsmodell, Volatilität, Branchen, Green-Tech-Geschäftsmodell, Wirkungspotenzial, Frauenanteil, Business Angels, Venture Capital, Corporate Investment, Crowd-Investment, Kooperation, Purpose, Finanzierungsrunde, Technologie, Umweltinnovation, Energiewende, nachhaltige Chemie, Förderinstrumente, Klimaschutz, doppelte Dividende, Naturschutz, CO2-Emissionen, Impact, Materialkreislauf, Produktlebensweg, Lieferkette, Hackathon, Biodiversität, Skalierung, Nachhaltigkeit, GreenTech, Grand Challenges, Transformation, EU, Monitoring, Gründungsförderprogramme, Climate Forward Financing |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:337499 |
| By: | Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana; Maria Fatima Romero-Rojo |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses aggregated data (5 days period) on total solar irradiance (TSI) based on the 3D MHD numerical simulations of solar surface and atmosphere (Yeo et al., 2017), from 30 April 2010 to 8 July 2023. It improves upon earlier studies by including in the sample the most recent satellite observations and by applying fractional integration methods. These are more general than alternative ones and the most suitable to obtain evidence on the stochastic properties of the series, such as its degree of persistence, and the transitory or permanent effects of shocks. The results indicate that TSI is characterised by long-range dependence or long-memory behaviour, with an order of integration higher than 0 and smaller than 1 and evidence of non-linearities; thus, the effects of shocks are long-lived. Further, the recursive analysis indicates a changing pattern across the sample period. In terms of climate change, the key issue remains the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing thermal radiation. |
| Keywords: | Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), long memory, fractional integration |
| JEL: | C22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12408 |
| By: | Simon Porcher (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LSE - Department Mathematics [London] - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, LARGEPA - Laboratoire de recherche en sciences de gestion Panthéon-Assas - Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, LAB IAE Paris - Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | Water is a complex issue—it encompasses the water cycle, water as a resource, and water as a public service. The water cycle is a common global good, while "blue" water is a shared local resource, requiring both global and local institutions for effective governance. This lecture explores the role of these institutions alongside key public service reforms like privatization, benchmarking, public ranking, and community-based management. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05503558 |
| By: | Silva-Zambrano, Carlos; Aravena, Claudia; McLaughlin, Eoin; Viteri, Cesar |
| Abstract: | The Galápagos Islands face the challenge of conserving their biodiversity while moving toward a more sustainable tourism model. In August 2024, after 24 years without changes, the entrance fee for the Galápagos National Park and Marine Reserve was updated: from USD 100 to USD 200 for foreign visitors and from USD 6 to USD 30 for Ecuadorians. Comparing surveys conducted in 2024 and 2025, this policy brief examines how attitudes, spending, and satisfaction of tourists have evolved over time. Results show a decline in the share of visitors who were aware of the entrance fee adjustment, along with growing support for the measure among international tourists. Average spending and satisfaction levels remained stable for both domestic and foreign visitors, indicating that the adjustment did not affect tourism demand at the aggregate level. The findings highlight the need to strengthen participatory processes for co-creating and redesigning site-management plans; identify investment priorities for maintaining, renovating, and improving the accessibility of visit sites; and ensure transparent and efficient management of collected revenues to facilitate the timely implementation of conservation, ecological restoration, and local development actions. |
| Keywords: | public attitudes, individual preferences, tourism management, protected areas |
| JEL: | H23 Q26 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwuaef:337474 |
| By: | Gil, Marina; Sabbatella, Ignacio; Poveda, Rafael; Ñancupil, Ignacio |
| Abstract: | En este documento se examinan las ventajas de la integración energética en América Latina en el contexto de la transición energética, teniendo en cuenta la trayectoria regional y los desafíos climáticos, económicos y geopolíticos actuales. Para ello, se analizan escenarios prospectivos en materia de energía eléctrica hacia 2050 y el papel del gas natural. Los resultados indican que una mayor integración se traduce en una transición energética más profunda y eficiente para la región. En el sector eléctrico, el hallazgo más significativo son los beneficios económicos y ambientales de incorporar nuevas interconexiones eléctricas en los escenarios con mayor penetración de energías renovables, si bien dichos beneficios son mayores en América del Sur que en Centroamérica y México. Con respecto al sector gasífero, la abundancia de recursos no convencionales del yacimiento de Vaca Muerta presenta una nueva oportunidad para la integración sudamericana. De concretarse distintas obras de ampliación del sistema troncal argentino y de interconexión transfronteriza con el Brasil y Chile, podría multiplicarse por tres el volumen que actualmente se intercambia a través de gasoductos en América del Sur. |
| Date: | 2026–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:85912 |
| By: | Balán, Pablo; Pinto, Pablo M.; Vallejo, Agustín |
| Abstract: | How does diversity affect cooperation after natural disasters? Drawing on an original survey of Houston-area households and two survey experiments, we find that diversity is associated with lower levels of impersonal cooperation-beyond family and friends-before natural disasters and with lower cooperation both before and after disasters. In affected areas, households in more diverse tracts report receiving less help and express lower support for recovery policies. In a policy experiment, affected respondents typically favor more costly recovery measures, but this preference weakens in high-diversity areas. A second experiment uncovers strong post-disaster ingroup biases along partisan and religious lines, while shared membership in civic associations emerges as a critical facilitator of cooperation in diverse settings. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that diversity can impede post-disaster cooperation and illuminate how social identities shape cooperation and recovery efforts. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cbscwp:337494 |
| By: | Adachi, Daisuke |
| Abstract: | We present a dynamic, stochastic, and spatial model that incorporates disaster risk to study the role of local aggregate risks and moving frictions in the spatial economy. A disaster temporarily reduces regional productivity and suspends transportation networks. The model is applied to the analysis of Japan’s Tokai Trough Earthquake (TTE) and maglev train project. Estimation is based on sufficient statistics of future expected values by future migration flows and novel data on rail network disruption from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The TTE risk reduces welfare not only in vulnerable regions close to the expected epicenter but also in more distant regions, revealing the regional spillover effects of the disaster risk. The maglev train project increases welfare by 1.6\% on average, with effects that are larger in the north-east regions under the economy with TTE risk, highlighting the distributional effect under the disaster risk. |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qj9ka_v1 |
| By: | Howard Bodenhorn |
| Abstract: | The positive correlation between high temperatures and crime is well established. I consider how random, within-month daily high temperature and precipitation affects arrests rather than incidents. I analyze jail records of a Prohibition Era southern city with mean summer daily high temperatures of 85�F without modern air conditioning, so outdoor temperatures are salient. I find that each 1�F increase in daily high temperatures leads to a 0.5% to 1.9% increase in all-offense arrests, with the largest effect on violence. I also find that severe droughts have no meaningful effect on violent or public order offenses but lead to a 17.2% increase in the daily number of arrests for fraud, forgery, and related offenses. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that more arrests occur on hot days because more crimes are committed on hot days. The results are also consistent with studies that identify a connection between droughts and crime in modern developing countries. |
| JEL: | K42 N41 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34867 |
| By: | Schiff, Maurice (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | I examine the impact of population growth and endogenous migration on renewable natural resources (NR) and welfare in a general equilibrium model with two sectors – a commodity and a manufacturing sector, and with two inputs – labor and NR. Under population growth and no migration, a country’s NR and welfare are unchanged (increase) (decline and eventually collapse) over time for constant (increasing) (decreasing) returns to scale in the manufacturing sector, i.e., for ϕ=(>)( )1, and benefits both countries only if ϕ ) 1 in the home (host) country. Thus, ignoring how the level of the manufacturing sector’s returns to scale affects migration flows and their impact on NR and welfare is likely to lead to erroneous conclusions and policy implications. |
| Keywords: | migration, population growth, Renewable Natural Resources (NR), impact on NR and welfare |
| JEL: | F16 F18 Q27 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18361 |
| By: | Beemer, Emil; Diercks, Gijs; Loorbach, Derk |
| Abstract: | Present-day mobility systems centered around automobility need transformative change to become just and sustainable. In these processes of societal transitions, citizen-led social movements are often theorized to be valuable actors, yet when it comes to mobility transitions, they have received little attention. We therefore investigate a prominent fifty-year mobilization of community activism against highway construction and expansion in the city of Utrecht, the Netherlands. The social movement to protect Amelisweerd forest is described in a historical narrative drawing on contemporary primary and secondary sources. We analyze the movement through its ability to exercise agencies for transition governance: how a highly localized movement attempts to support systemic change. Identifying destabilization, visioning alternatives, independent spaces, and reflexivity as key mechanisms, we demonstrate how activists have deployed each type of agency as required. The Amelisweerd case indicates that local social movements can build broad coalitions around alternative solutions through strategic adaptability, whose greatest obstacle is ideological entrenchment on the national scale. These transformative social movements and their potential obstructions are worthy of greater consideration in mobility transitions. |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9sy6w_v1 |
| By: | Lukas Pohn; Günther G. Schulze |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal effect of access to clean water sources on educational outcomes in Indonesia. Using the longitudinal Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel dataset, which follows the same individuals from 1993 to 2014, and applying household fixed effects allows us to identify the causal effect of access to clean water at different childhood stages on children’s educational performance. We find that lifetime and early childhood access increases strongly the likelihood of completing junior and senior secondary school; later-gained access has no discernible effect on school performance. Our results underscore the need to provide access to clean water very early on. |
| Keywords: | access to tap water, access to improved water, educational outcomes, Indonesia |
| JEL: | I25 O15 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12475 |
| By: | Thorvaldur Gylfason; Gylfi Zoega |
| Abstract: | Because of convergence, initial income is an important explanatory variable in many growth regressions. Its omission can lead to misspecification bias that may seem to – but still does not – contradict the common albeit somewhat controversial empirical finding that natural resources, if not well managed, tend to depress incomes and growth. We illustrate the bias using simple algebra and cross-country regression analysis with two different data sets: old and new. We distinguish between natural resource abundance and dependence and propose a method for identifying the level of national income at which the net effects of natural resources shift from adverse to advantageous. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, natural resources, misspecification bias |
| JEL: | O11 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12448 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Abstract: | The world urgently needs food systems that ensure access to nutritious food, promote healthy choices, and create economic opportunities for the poorest—many of whom rely on small-scale farming. Yet climate change, conflict, and pandemics have pushed millions into hunger, with 45 million children now suffering from severe malnutrition and 150 million at risk of long-term developmental challenges. Social protection programs can play a vital role in building more resilient, equitable food systems by supporting food and nutrition through tools like cash transfers, school feeding, and jobs programs. However, limited funding, tight timelines, and design gaps often hinder their integration. Tackling these barriers is essential to ending malnutrition and food insecurity. |
| Date: | 2025–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:207465 |
| By: | David P. Brown (University of Alberta); Mar Reguant (Northwestern University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how the rapid expansion of wind and solar generation in Spain has reshaped wholesale electricity prices, ancillary service (AS) market costs, and market structure. Using an empirical strategy that exploits exogenous variation in renewable potential, we estimate how market outcomes would have differed under lower renewable capacity (and subsequently, renewable output). We find that rising wind and solar output substantially reduced wholesale prices. However, these reductions are partially offset by increases in AS market procurement and the associated operating costs driven by congestion and other operational challenges of variable generation. We show that while renewable growth reduces concentration in the wholesale market, AS markets remain highly concentrated, with limited scope for competition in key market segments. Our results highlight both the substantial net consumer benefits of renewable expansion on final prices (wholesale plus AS markets), while demonstrating the need for AS market reforms to reduce market concentration and cost-effectively manage increasing levels of renewable generation. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Markets; Energy Transition; Intermittency; Market Power |
| JEL: | L13 L50 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:albaec:022362 |
| By: | Azza Bchir (Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | The Covid-19 crisis, climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and changes in ship trade routes have generated unprecedented disruptions in fragmented and globalized maritime logistics chains. Port logistics, whose function is to move goods through logistics corridors, has faced challenges such as equipment shortages, lockdowns, and port closures. The objective of this research is to examine the relationships between the main stakeholders of port governance and how they can steer the system towards a more resilient configuration. E. Ostrom's IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) framework appears as an interesting approach that can help advance the understanding at the system level of port governance by viewing it as an action situation, an infrastructure for processing physical and information flows that interacts with external infrastructures of a technical or human nature and natural infrastructures (the river). |
| Abstract: | la crise du covid 19, le changement climatique, les conflits géopolitiques et le changement des itinéraires commerciaux des navires ont généré des perturbations sans précédent dans les chaines logistiques maritimes mondiales fragmentées et mondialisées. La logistique portuaire dont la fonction est de faire circuler la marchandise à travers des corridors logistiques a été confrontée à des défis tels que les pénuries d'équipements, le confinement et la fermeture des ports. L'objectif de cet article est d'apporter un éclairage intégré sur les dynamiques de gouvernance portuaire et de résilience, en mobilisant une analyse bibliométrique et une consultation d'experts. Le cadre d'analyse ADI d'E. Ostrom (2011) apparait comme une approche intéressante qui peut aider à faire progresser la compréhension au niveau du système de la gouvernance portuaire en l'envisageant comme une situation d'action, une infrastructure de traitement des flux physiques et informationnels qui interagit avec les infrastructures externes de nature technique ou humaine et les infrastructures naturelles (le fleuve). |
| Keywords: | Governance Commons, Infrastructure Multimodality The port of le Havre, Governance, Commons, Infrastructure, Multimodality, The port of le Havre |
| Date: | 2026–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05480395 |
| By: | Puvaneyshwaran, David; Logie, Carmen H.; Van Borek, Sarah; Abrams, Amber; Grootboom, Lauren; MacKenzie, Frannie; Taing, Lina; Perez-Brumer, Amaya; Gittings, Lesley |
| Abstract: | Water justice is the equitable, reliable, and safe access to clean water and sanitation and meaningful community inclusion in water governance, which is constrained by multiple social inequities. Financial (housing) and social inequities such as gender inequitable norms and gender-based violence, land insecurity, racial discrimination, and sexuality diversity (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]) exclusion perpetuate unequal access to water and sanitation for historically marginalized populations. This highlights the need for an intersectional approach to building alliances to advance water justice across diverse social movements. In Cape Town, South Africa, legacies of colonialism and apartheid continue to shape spatial and infrastructural inequalities, especially in backyards. In response, we co-developed the “Water Justice Alliance-Building Toolkit” through a community-engaged process with activists from five intersecting movements: water justice, women’s rights, housing rights, LGBTQ+ rights, and racial justice. The participatory co-production process involved filmed walk-along interviews, focus groups, arts-based workshops, and community dialogue, culminating in modular tools designed to support intersectional education, alliance-building, and advocacy. In this article, we describe the toolkit’s development, its components, and an accompanying documentary, “Its Ebbs and Flows, ” which centers lived experiences of water injustice through visuals and multilingual narration. Toolkit activities, including discussion guides, artmaking, song-making, and role-play, facilitate inclusive dialogue. We conclude with implications for practice and policy, highlighting how participatory, arts-based approaches can foster more responsive health promotion strategies. By validating community knowledge and creative expression, this toolkit expands on whose expertise counts to guide a just transition and offers replicable templates for promoting health equity in climate-vulnerable settings. |
| Keywords: | indigenous movements; cClimate resilience; collaborative governance; community-based research; health equity; intersectionality; just transition; participatory arts-based methods; water justice |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2026–02–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137430 |
| By: | Rausch, Lisa; Reis, Tiago; Mazzetti, Cristiane; Barrozo, Marcos; Skidmore, Marin; Gibbs, Holly |
| Abstract: | For the last two decades, a widely adopted commitment by soybean traders to avoid sourcing from farms in the Brazilian Amazon with recent deforestation has contributed to reducing deforestation across the biome. Recently, legal and political challenges to this commitment have led to its likely demise. We review the evolution of the Amazon Soy Moratorium (ASM) policy context and present estimates of the area of forest at risk with the end of the policy. Ending the ASM will lead to increased deforestation in the Amazon and could discourage the adoption of policies against deforestation by other private sector actors more broadly. |
| Date: | 2026–02–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jsk4z_v1 |
| By: | Miller, Noah J.; Winters-Michaud, Clayton P.; Isa, Bassmah |
| Abstract: | In 2022 foreign investors, including long-term leaseholders, held an interest in 43.4 million acres of U.S. agricultural land. This represents 3.4 percent of all privately held agricultural land and nearly 2 percent of all land in the United States. This report compares foreign-owned and long-term foreign-leased U.S. agricultural land held in 2022 using data collected through mandatory reporting requirements set forth in the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (AFIDA). Foreign-held, long-term leases (i.e., 10 years or more) accounted for roughly one-third (32.5 percent) of foreign-held U.S. agricultural land as of December 31, 2022, up from roughly 20 percent in 2017. This report also identifies important differences between foreign-owned and long-term foreign-leased agricultural land in the United States in terms of its use, location, size, and other characteristics. A much greater share of long-term foreign-leased agricultural land is associated with renewable energy development compared to foreign-owned land (85 percent versus 2 percent). A much smaller share of long-term foreign leaseholds (less than 10 percent) is associated with a change in the agricultural producer (operator) compared with foreign purchases of agricultural land. The findings in this report indicate that foreign leases of agricultural land are more likely to result in dual use (i.e., agriculture and renewable energy) thereby providing an additional income stream to owner-operators. The results also show that around 97 percent of foreign land leaseholders indicated they did not intend to take the land out of agricultural usage |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:396223 |
| By: | Malthouse, Eugene (Department of Psychology, University of Warwick); Pilgrim, Charlie (University College London); Sgroi, Daniel (Department of Economics, University of Warwick); others* and Thomas Hills (Department of Psychology, University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change Individuals involved in collective action problems are often considered to have two options : contribute towards a public solution or free-ride. But they might also choose a third option of investing in a private solution such as local climate change adaptation. Here we introduce a collective action game featuring wealth inequality caused by luck or merit and both public and private solutions with participants from 34 countries. We show that the joint existence of wealth inequality and private solutions has a consistent effect across countries: participants endowed with higher income choose the private solution almost twice as often as those endowed with lower income ; and this finding cannot be explained by different sources of wealth (luck vs. merit) or by cultural or economic factors. We also show that preferences for private solutions undermine support for public solutions, resulting in wealth inequality increasing in every country. In contrast, we identify two universal pathways to successful public solution provision: early contributions to public solutions and conditional cooperation. Our findings highlight the ubiquity of the ‘private solution problem’ and its potential consequences for global collective action problems. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1600 |
| By: | Kateryna Tkach (Gran Sasso Science Institute); Alberto Marzucchi (Gran Sasso Science Institute); Ugo Rizzo (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara); Michela Borghesi (Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | We contribute to the literature on the green, digital and twin transitions by providing novel evidence on their implications for industrial dynamics. In particular, we investigate whether the local supply of skills in the green, digital and twin domains is related to firm entry and exit at the NUTS3 level in Italy. We exploit a recently created dataset on the near-universe of Italian university programme descriptions to capture the skills provided through higher education. We find that the supply of green, digital and twin skills enhances opportunities for firm entry. We rule out the possibility that this effect simply reflects the supply of high-skilled labour in general. The supply of green skills may induce higher industrial renewal, being it also correlated with higher exit rates. |
| Keywords: | skill supply; university graduates; industrial dynamics; local economic performance |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 J24 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0726 |
| By: | Wojciech Zawadzki (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Henrik Andersson (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI); Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse Capitole); Mikołaj Czajkowski (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Arne Risa Hole (Universitat Jaume I) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how behavioral biases influence stated preference valuation of mortality risk reductions, commonly summarized as the value of a statistical life (VSL). Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) combined with a contingent valuation double-bounded dichotomous choice and an open-ended follow-up, we elicit individuals’ willingness to pay (WTP) for cardiovascular mortality risk reductions. In a randomized design, we varied the cost attribute across three cost range treatments and manipulated information disclosure and feedback to examine three behavioral phenomena: cost vector effects (whether the range of costs presented affects WTP), scope insensitivity (whether WTP scales appropriately with the magnitude of the risk reduction), and anchoring (whether initial cost cues affect subsequent responses). Our results show that mean VSL estimates can vary by up to ~25% between cost treatments. Furthermore, WTP responses exhibit partial scope insensitivity – larger risk reductions do not proportionally increase WTP – indicating a deviation from theoretical expectations. Importantly, we find no strong evidence of anchoring: neither revealing all attribute levels upfront, nor starting with extreme cost levels, nor providing feedback on quiz questions significantly affected respondents’ choices or WTP. Our findings underscore the need for careful survey design. Even if VSL distributions remain statistically similar across cost frames, substantial shifts in mean magnitudes could be consequential for policy. We call for standardized guidelines on cost attribute selection and survey protocols to mitigate bias, ensuring that stated preference methods yield reliable welfare estimates for health policy decisions. |
| Keywords: | value of statistical life (VSL), stated preference (SP), contingent valuation (CV), behavioral biases, anchoring effect, scope insensitivity, discrete choice experiment (DCE), willingness to pay (WTP), mortality risk reduction, cardiovascular diseases |
| JEL: | I12 D01 D61 Q51 C83 C93 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2026-4 |
| By: | Avetisyan, Artur |
| Abstract: | Energy-sector challenges have shaped international relations since early history, making energy a key component of geopolitics. Understanding current global and regional energy and economic trends is therefore essential. Armenia, like many European Union countries, faces significant challenges in ensuring energy and economic security. Given its geographic position and self-sufficiency in electricity generation, alongside its growing export potential, Armenia can play an important role in regional energy security and stability. The country also has strong potential in renewable energy and is a regional leader in new renewables, though this potential has not yet been fully realized. Unsettled relations with Turkey and Azerbaijan, as well as infrastructure constraints with Georgia and Iran, limit Armenia's opportunities. Nevertheless, improving ties with European and Asian partners enhance Armenia's strategic role along the North-South axis. This article examines new development trends, reassesses challenges and opportunities, and evaluates Armenia's potential to act as a regional bridge for energy and economic cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Energy security, sustainability, mutually beneficial cooperation, South Caucasus, critical infrastructures, the North-South International Project, the Black Sea Electricity Cable project |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:337459 |
| By: | Bobojonov, Ihtiyor; Kuhn, Lena; Eltazarov, Sarvarbek; Glauben, Thomas |
| Abstract: | The insurance market in Uzbekistan is characterized by its heavy focus of risk management on strategic crops like cotton and wheat and the very close coupling of insurance with agricultural loans. The majority of farmers who received a subsidized production credit from the agricultural bank Uzagrobank are insuring their crops to become eligible for the said credits, which are mainly provided by the state agricultural insurance company Uzagrosugurta. While the importance of this credit-bundled insurance product is undisputed, this close loan bundling has led to a condition where, to date, most Uzbek farmers perceive the insurance product only as a condition for credit access rather than accepting it as a risk management strategy. Several policy reforms (e.g. presidential decrees and development strategies) aimed at improving the functionality of the insurance product beyond its credit collateral function and making it suitable to manage climate and irrigation risks. However, most of these reforms to date require large-scale transformations and come with high implementation cost and risk. In the scope of this policy brief, we provide policy recommendations towards a sustainable implementation of efficient financial climate-risk management in Uzbek agriculture based on several years of research and implementing activities of IAMO in Central Asia. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamopb:337497 |
| By: | Waskow, Margaret Alessandra; O'Brolchain, Niall; Khan, Muhammad Yasar; Wang, Yifan; Shoukat, Waqas; O'Donoghue, Fergus; Alsamhi, Saeed; Riordan, Sandra; Jurema, Letícia; Lefebvre, Fiona |
| Abstract: | Achieving the ambitions of the European Green Deal requires overcoming longstanding fragmentation in the policy frameworks that govern peatlands. The EU LIFE Multi Peat project introduces the European Peatland Policy Portal as a novel policy corpus and toolkit to support analysis and evidence-based policy development in this disjointed landscape of peatland policy. The portal presents the first comprehensive European Peatland Policy Corpus, with over 400 peatland-affecting policies catalogued across 27 countries and 22 languages, spanning United Nations, European Union, national, and sub-national levels. Alongside the unified, multilingual policy catalogue, the portal introduces an interactive mapping tool to support spatial policy analysis, as well as a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based question-answering tool that allows users to query the full policy corpus with the power of machine learning. With multilingual comprehension, the RAG tool enables users to interface with policies which would otherwise sit behind a language barrier. By enabling systematic policy examination and analysis across countries, governance levels, domains, and languages, the portal assists the coordination and efficiency gaps of European peatland governance. While this portal demonstrates the efficacy of these tools for peatland policy specifically, its framework is transferable to other land use policy domains that face complex regulatory environments. |
| Date: | 2026–02–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:9mcgj_v1 |
| By: | Aoki-Beattie, Yu (University of Aberdeen & IZA); Arulampalam, Wiji (University of Warwick, CAGE & IZA); Lloyd, Neil (University of St Andrews); Mathew, Sushil (Imperial College London) |
| Abstract: | We examine the causal effect of exposure to fast-food outlets on adolescent z-BMI using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We develop a novel approach to modelling persistence in adolescent BMI by clustering early childhood BMI trajectories, capturing biologically and behaviourally persistent obesity risk profiles. Including these profiles in the model allows us to separate baseline susceptibility from contemporaneous environmental effects. For identification, we exploit the near-universal transition from primary to secondary school in Great Britain, which creates plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to fast-food outlets around schools. Using this variation, we find that adolescents with at least one major-brand outlet within 400 metres of their school have, on average, a 0.158 standard-deviation higher z-BMI. Effects decline at larger distances, are limited around the home, and do not extend to other food outlets. JEL codes: I12 ; I18 ; L83 |
| Keywords: | Adolescent obesity ; Body mass index ; Fast food ; School food environment |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1601 |
| By: | Aoki-Beattie, Yu (University of Aberdeen & IZA); Arulampalam, Wiji (University of Warwick, CAGE & IZA); Lloyd, Neil (University of St Andrews); Mathew, Sushil (Imperial College London) |
| Abstract: | We examine the causal effect of exposure to fast-food outlets on adolescent z-BMI using data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. We develop a novel approach to modelling persistence in adolescent BMI by clustering early childhood BMI trajectories, capturing biologically and behaviourally persistent obesity risk profiles. Including these profiles in the model allows us to separate baseline susceptibility from contemporaneous environmental effects. For identification, we exploit the near-universal transition from primary to secondary school in Great Britain, which creates plausibly exogenous variation in exposure to fast-food outlets around schools. Using this variation, we find that adolescents with at least one major-brand outlet within 400 metres of their school have, on average, a 0.158 standard-deviation higher z-BMI. Effects decline at larger distances, are limited around the home, and do not extend to other food outlets. |
| Keywords: | Adolescent obesity, Body mass index, Fast food, School food environment JEL Classification: I12, I18, L83 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:791 |
| By: | Vicente, Astrid; Valz Gris, Angelica (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy); Costa, Cristina; Cardoso, Maria Luis; Costa, Alexandra; Lopes, Fátima; Kannan, Pragathy; Perola, Markus; Pastorino, Roberta; Pezzullo, Angelo |
| Abstract: | There is currently no widely accepted framework to guide decision-making for preventive approaches using genetic and genomic technologies. In the context of the PROPHET project, we developed a multidimensional framework integrating Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Health Impact Assessment (HIA), complemented by a monitoring phase to assess the impact of policies implementing personalised prevention interventions. This integrated approach links technical, clinical, and societal dimensions, supporting prevention strategies that are effective, equitable and sustainable. The PROPHET framework supports policy makers in the equitable and efficient implementation of personalised prevention policies at scale. |
| Date: | 2026–02–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2nv5e_v1 |
| By: | Ladha, Rijhul; Khan, Sarah; Das Banerjee, Anannya; Ramji, Aditya; Agrawal, Sumit Kumar; Nitant, Kumar; Singh, Abhijeet; Mudaliar, Atul |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2026–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt48398876 |
| By: | Anis Shami (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: This paper investigates the adoption of non-financial reporting (NFR) standards and the double materiality (DM) principle, and their possible implications on external performance measures, namely ESG ratings. By doing so, it positions reporting practices as mechanisms that affect disclosure quality and the transparency and accountability of firms' business models. Design/Methodology/Approach: Longitudinal analysis over three years (2020–2022) was conducted using the 366 European listed companies' annual reports. Descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares regressions were employed to analyze the association between reporting practices, DM adoption, and ESG ratings from several rating agencies. Findings: The results show that the adoption of non-financial reporting frameworks is associated with higher ESG ratings among European firms. However, the early adoption of double materiality does not yet have a significant impact on ESG performance at this stage. Research implications: The study contributes to the business model literature by demonstrating how reporting practices and regulatory development build external representations of firms' value creation, delivery, and capture. It highlights the role of disclosure frameworks and double materiality as institutional forces with the capacity to transform business models to meet stakeholder and regulatory pressures. Originality/Value: This study is one of the first longitudinal tests that empirically analyze the impact of non-financial reporting frameworks and DM on ESG ratings, and which sheds new light on how they impact evaluation of sustainable business model. |
| Keywords: | Non-Financial Reporting, Double Materiality, ESG Ratings, Business Models |
| Date: | 2025–12–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05519169 |
| By: | Pietro Daniel Omodeo (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice) |
| Abstract: | This essay critically explores the connection between epistemology, political ecology, economy, and technological developments in the Anthropocene, understood as the epoch in which humankind has become a major force of geological transformation. It addresses the Anthropocene as a discourse and as a reality, bringing together epistemological reflexivity, ideology critique, and political economy-cum-ecology. The essay begins with an overview of the genesis and development of the Anthropocene concept—an often-repeated history which I reconsider from the viewpoint of historiographic developments in the history and philosophy of science. Since the Anthropocene hypothesis makes the history of knowledge, technological advancement, and socioeconomic structures fundamental factors in the Earth's history, I point to the necessity of revising our reality-conceptions to account for the development of a world in which epistemic, economic, and political histories intersect with physics, geology, and biology. As a reappraisal of the historico-materialist approaches to science studies, I propose to expand the 'externalist' understanding of the socio-economic roots and social functions of science by including, in the geoanthropological paradigm to come, considerations of social metabolism and ecology. This proposal is also meant to serve as a basis for new forms of cross-disciplinary economic thinking that must comprise cultural and environmental perspectives. These considerations are the background of my criticism of the ideological aberrations in the debate on Anthropocene politics, which I term 'dark ecologies'. I especially refer to Bruno Latour's adherence to Malthusian and social-Darwinian ideas. In the last part, I discuss eco-socialist alternatives to the ecological impasse and advocate for the defence of the commons against their alienation as a premise of future prosperity. |
| Keywords: | Political ecology, geoanthropology, technological alienation, Latour, Malthusianism, tragedy of the commons, eco-socialism |
| JEL: | F64 J10 O14 O44 Q01 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2026:05 |
| By: | Güezmes, Ana |
| Abstract: | América Latina y el Caribe tiene un compromiso con la transversalización del enfoque de género en la política exterior para promover los derechos humanos, la paz y seguridad internacionales, la acción climática, la cooperación internacional y el desarrollo sostenible. La adopción de una política exterior feminista es una oportunidad de renovar el multilateralismo y hacer realidad este compromiso. En este documento se presentan criterios de éxito para favorecer la sinergia entre la política feminista de cooperación para el desarrollo de Alemania y la Agenda Regional de Género acordada desde 1977 en las reuniones de la Conferencia Regional sobre la Mujer de América Latina y el Caribe y contribuir a incrementar el financiamiento y la cooperación internacional en sus diferentes modalidades con la igualdad de género como objetivo principal, tanto en la dimensión social como en las dimensiones económica y ambiental del desarrollo sostenible. |
| Date: | 2026–01–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:84721 |
| By: | John Heilbron; Nick Schwartz |
| Abstract: | Central counterparties rely on liquid and capital resources to manage member defaults. Physically settled contracts increase liquid resource needs (Working Paper no. 26-04). |
| Date: | 2026–03–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ofr:wpaper:26-04 |
| By: | Pratt, Bryan; Paul, Laura; Bowman, Maria; Messer, Kent; Ferraro, Paul |
| Abstract: | Despite extensive research on cover crop use, little research has been done on the repeated use, or persistence, of cover crops in the crop production process. To examine the persistence of cover cropping, this report uses four panel data sources: (1) the U.S. Department of Agricultureʼs (USDAʼs) 2012, 2017, and 2022 Censuses of Agriculture; (2) crop acreage submitted by farmers through the USDA, Farm Service Agencyʼs Form 578 for crop years 2013−19; (3) an on-the-ground, in-person “windshield” survey by the Indiana Conservation Partnership for crop years 2014−19; and (4) the USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) Phase 2 from 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2021. The percentage of land under cover crops differs by data sources, but overall, cover crop use has increased over time. However, in the majority of data sources, this increase over time masks a significant share of fields and operations reducing or disadopting cover crop use. Results also indicate the levels of cover crop use and its persistence are positively correlated across regions but do not substantially differ across crop rotation or when livestock are present on the operation. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:396224 |
| By: | Heinemann, Friedrich; Kemper, Jan |
| Abstract: | We examine the changing attention that ECB Governing Council members pay to different policy objectives by analysing more than 4, 600 speeches given between the establishment of the ECB and the summer of 2024. Alongside the primary objective of price stability, we consider the following potential secondary objectives: financial stability, stability of the government bond market, sustainable public debt, climate protection and distribution. On the methodological side, we take advantage of LLMs to identify the speeches' coverage of each of these objectives and the associated support. We conduct a series of validation tests to verify our AI-based scores, including a conventional dictionary approach. We use two-way fixed effects regressions to search for a link between a country's level of public debt and the objective function of its representatives. The results suggest that objectives have become more diverse in recent years. An increase in the public debt-to-GDP ratio in a governor's home country is associated with a shift in focus away from the primary objective and towards a growing coverage and support for secondary objectives. This general pattern is particularly robust for the distribution objective. These results can only be partly explained by governor selection. Therefore, in their communication, individual governors indicate shifts in their objective function in response to changes in the fiscal situation of their home country. |
| Keywords: | fiscal dominance, green monetary policy, large language model, text analysis |
| JEL: | E58 E52 H63 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:337484 |
| By: | Thobe, Petra; Chibanda, Craig; Boimah, Mavis; Banhazi, Thomas |
| Abstract: | There is a general consensus that improved animal welfare (AW) benefits both farmed animals and humans. However, the types of animal welfare measures that can be implemented at different stages of the value chain vary considerably. In order to reliably assess their socio-economic and environmental impacts, an appropriate dataset is essential. This study aims to report on the process of data collection for the assessment of animal welfare strategies in the broiler and pig production chains. Therefore, this study details the identification and validation of indicators, the development and validation of questionnaires, and the data collection process on different stages of the production chain. The study contributes to the debate on how to combine data from different sources to obtain a reliable dataset. The data collection strategy is illustrated by an intervention study on how weight sensors in pig fattening can alert possible diseases and avoid additional costs. |
| Keywords: | Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae25:396213 |