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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Matt Burke; Kamiar Mohaddes; Mehdi Raissi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how climate change affects sovereign credit ratings and borrowing costs under the latest IPCC climate scenarios. We integrate country-specific income-loss estimates from Mohaddes and Raissi (2025) into the IMF's Q-CRAFT macro-fiscal framework and apply a Random Forest emulator to predict rating trajectories. We also use the CDS-spread mapping from Aizenman et al. (2013) to translate these rating changes into borrowing-cost effects. Results show negligible rating impacts under the Paris-aligned scenario but significant downgrades (up to 2.8 notches) and increases in borrowing costs (30 basis points) under high-emission, slow-adaptation pathways by 2100 for the G20 countries. Monte Carlo simulations highlight substantial tail risks and cross-country heterogeneity, with tail outcomes producing downgrades of up to six notches by century end. We further extend the analysis to unrated economies and incorporate acute physical risks from climate-related natural disasters, using DIGNAD to estimate their cumulative GDP effects over 30 years and feeding these into the Q-CRAFT and the Random Forest emulator to project ratings. Disaster exposure can induce 1-3 notch downgrades by 2050 for highly vulnerable emerging economies. |
| Keywords: | climate, natural disasters, adaptation, credit ratings, debt, machine learning |
| JEL: | C45 G24 H63 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2026-11 |
| By: | Giuzio, Margherita; Rousová, Linda; Kapadia, Sujit; Kumar, Hradayesh; Parker, Miles; Mazzotta, Luisa; Zafeiris, Dimitris |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of insurance in mitigating the adverse macroeconomic effects of climate-related catastrophes. We first develop a stylised theoretical growth model which incorporates a role for natural catastrophes, climate change and insurance. This illustrates how insurance can mitigate the impact of catastrophes and articulates the potential effect of falling insurance coverage as global warming intensifies. The model also provides a basis for our empirical analysis which explores the link between insurance coverage and the macroeconomic impact of catastrophes for a sample of several thousand disaster events across 47 developed and middle income countries between 1996 and 2019. The results confirm that higher insurance coverage is associated with less severe macroeconomic consequences of disasters. With climate-related catastrophes becoming ever more frequent and severe, our findings highlight the importance of developing policies to reduce the climate insurance protection gap. JEL Classification: G22, G52, Q51, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate Change, economic growth, global warming, insurance protection gap, natural catastrophes |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263184 |
| By: | Picazo-Tadeo, Andrés, J. (Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia (Spain)); Melguizo, Celia (Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia (Spain)); Peiró-Palomino, Jesús (Department of Applied Economics II, University of Valencia (Spain)) |
| Abstract: | A key objective of the green transition is to minimise the environmental impact of human activity while ensuring sustained economic progress. Efficiently allocating policy resources requires accurately measuring this intricate relationship. Eco-efficiency indicators are useful tools for this purpose, offering valuable insights to policymakers by assessing territories’ potential to minimise environmental impact while maintaining economic performance. This research calculates eco-efficiency scores in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, a major cause of global warming, for European Union regions in 2023. The results reveal significant disparities between and within countries. Generally, the Nordic and Western regions rank among the best performers, whereas the Central and Eastern European regions are mostly among the weakest performers. In a second stage, the paper addresses the study of the determinants of regional eco-efficiency. Relevant factors fostering performance include economic development, government quality, and social capital. Conversely, large industrial sectors hinder progress towards the green transition. These results emphasise the need for place-based policy interventions that prioritise technological upgrading, industrial diversification and innovation to foster emission reductions that are compatible with sustained economic growth. Moreover, reinforcing governance quality, institutional effectiveness and social capital can enhance policy implementation and sustain long-term eco-efficiency improvements. |
| Keywords: | Eco-efficiency; European Green Deal; European Union; Greenhouse gases emissions; Green transition; regions |
| JEL: | C61 D62 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eec:wpaper:2602 |
| By: | Mohamed Hajjaji (SPE - Laboratoire « Sciences pour l’Environnement » (UMR CNRS 6134 SPE) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli], UTM - Tunis El Manar University [University of Tunis El Manar] [Tunisia] = Université de Tunis El Manar [Tunisie] = جامعة تونس المنار (ar)); Christian Cristofari (SPE - Laboratoire « Sciences pour l’Environnement » (UMR CNRS 6134 SPE) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli]) |
| Abstract: | The European Union's ambitious target of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 necessitates a transition away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy sources. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising alternative, particularly as a fuel for large-scale transportation, including heavy-duty vehicles. The fleet buses in Ajaccio travel 1, 494, 007.9 km per year, responsible for 1453.67 tonnes of CO2 emissions annually. Utilizing green hydrogen, derived from renewable sources, can reduce these emissions by 87.3%. This paper conducts a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of a hydrogen refueling station, aiming to foster the adoption of this technology and gain widespread acceptance. Our objective is to determine the economic viability of a hydrogen station capable of producing 440 kg of hydrogen daily. The Levelized Hydrogen Cost (LHC) is found to be 6.95 €/kg over a 20-year lifespan with electrolyzers operating at a power of 4.5 MW. The total installation cost amounts to 22, 324, 617 €. Remarkably, the return on investment is realized in the 11th year of operation. Electrolyzers account for 46% of the system's total CAPEX and 29% of its OPEX, indicating that advancements in electrolyzer technology will play a crucial role in reducing production costs. Our findings underscore the economic viability of the hydrogen refueling station, with a compelling LHC value indicative of its cost-effectiveness. The successful return on investment within a relatively short timeframe highlights the project's potential as a financially sound and sustainable initiative. |
| Keywords: | green hydrogen, renewable energy, hydrogen buses, techno-economic, heavy mobility |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05483341 |
| By: | Eckard, Richard |
| Abstract: | Agriculture produces between 12 and 14% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, excluding transport and processing. While there are options to reduce GHG emissions from agricultural production, food security could also be considered the most legitimate form of GHG emission. The main GHG emissions from agriculture are methane, associated with rice and livestock production, and nitrous oxide associated with nitrogen inputs. Agricultural land can also sequester carbon in soils and trees and, while this is an important contribution, it is perhaps only reversing the land use change disturbance created for agriculture in the first place. A recent assessment by the Net Zero Australia plan concluded that current reliance by the large industrial emitters on the land sector to provide their offsets are questionable, as agriculture on its own will struggle to meet its stated value chain targets, including insetting all available sequestration. Reducing livestock numbers has often been touted as an overly simplistic solution to reducing agricultural GHG emissions, forgetting that most livestock exist in lower socioeconomic regions and are integral to their food security and livelihoods.Taking a more multi-functional perspective of livestock in subsistence agricultural systems shows that the GHG emissions attributable to meat or milk can be much lower than those of industrial farming systems. Livestock are integral to a largely vegetarian diet in subsistence agricultural systems, without which industrial fertilisers and diesel would be required to produce crops. The production and use of industrial fertilisers contributes approximately 5% of global GHG, but almost half of the world’s population is dependent on industrial nitrogen for their food security. Options are emerging to reduce enteric methane by more than 80% and estimates show that improving nitrogen use efficiency can reduce nitrous oxide emissions by over 50%. However, few of these options are profitable, and even less are relevant to extensive or subsistence agricultural systems. While some agricultural systems can achieve net zero GHG emissions, there are inevitable GHG emissions associated with agricultural production. However, the land use sector also manages significant natural resources and perhaps the future lies in striking a balance between biodiversity and mitigation in a more integrated approach. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391423 |
| By: | Venn, Tyron |
| Abstract: | Mitigating climate risk requires substantial changes to socio-economic systems, including livestock production, which accounts for approximately 14% of global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Growing pasture, trees and livestock on the same land management unit in silvopastoral systems provides opportunities to increase farm financial performance while substantially reducing the carbon-intensity of livestock production. In timber-producing silvopastoral systems, a timber income stream can be generated after carbon credit payments diminish. Case studies are presented for Australia and Fiji. Increased adoption of silvopastoral systems by landholders requires long-term rights to benefit from sustainable vegetation management, as well as the development of carbon credit methods that permit natural vegetation management and account for international and domestic leakage. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391427 |
| By: | McConnel, Caitlin |
| Abstract: | Since ratification of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the development of policy aimed at building climate resilience has largely focussed on holding the increase in global temperature average whilst making finance flow consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development; with buzzwords such as ‘ESG’, ‘net zero’, ‘climate-smart’ and ‘natural capital’ now common in day-to-day vernacular. Whilst the emergence of these terms has coincided with statutory obligations to report on sustainability initiatives or climate risks, as well as investment opportunities in renewable energy projects or alternative food production technologies, it is arguable that such terminology demonstrates a continued focus by government and business to value natural assets and food security through a numerical lens of economic growth and development. Although placing a numerical value on nature and food production can help promote innovation or incentivise environmental protection; it is a little-known fact that the Paris Agreement was entered into in pursuit of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which both reiterate that: • increasing our ability to adapt to climate change, foster climate resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas development must be done in a manner that does not threaten food production, and • when taking action to address climate change, parties must consider: • their respective obligations on human rights, and • the fundamental priority of safeguarding food security, food production systems, and Mother Earth. Furthermore, few decision-makers are aware that courts of law across multiple jurisdictions are now scrutinizing the alleged failures by government or business to consider the aesthetic and spiritual value of nature in the context of human rights through climate litigation; in a real-time convergence demonstrating the importance of returning to the first principles of ecologically sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391425 |
| By: | Edgar S. Correa (PUJ - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-BIOS - Département Systèmes Biologiques - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Dynamic modelling of water redistribution across 3D surfaces drives understanding from landscape hydrology to microscale flow patterns. Drought vulnerability assessment in agricultural systems remains increasingly critical under climate change. Yet current frameworks lack explicit integration of terrain-mediated hydrological processes with dynamic agricultural impacts-an opportunity for advancing vulnerability assessments. Existing topographic indices-particularly the widely-used Topographic Wetness Index (TWI)-exhibit numerical instability in low-gradient terrains and fail to detect microtopographic variations controlling water retention. These indices treat terrain as static geometry rather than capturing the divergence-driven dynamics that govern water redistribution across 3D surfaces. This study introduces the Runoff Potential Index (RPI), a divergence-based terrain metric: RPI(x, y) = ∇ 2 z/(|∇z| + ε), integrating local terrain curvature (via Laplacian of elevation) with slope magnitude. The Laplacian operator (∇ 2 z) quantifies flow convergence and divergencetransforming static terrain into a dynamic representation of water redistribution governed by surface morphology. The framework combines: (1) RPI terrain analysis using satellite-derived elevation data for upland-lowland differentiation based on water redistribution patterns, and (2) CERES-Rice dynamic crop modeling driven entirely by Earth observation data to evaluate drought stress across varying crop growth cycles. The RPI maintained analytical sensitivity across subtle elevation gradients (0.7-1.8 m variations) where TWI becomes unstable, successfully detecting centimeter-scale microtopographic variations critical for water retention. Terrain analysis revealed lowland areas achieving 200 kg/ha higher yields than uplands. CERES-Rice simulations (2000-2019) identified optimal sowing windows minimizing drought stress, with delayed sowing causing yield reductions exceeding 1, 500 kg/ha. This Earth observation framework enables drought vulnerability mapping without in-situ environmental measurements, supporting global climate adaptation. The approach provides field-specific sowing recommendations preventing 45-73% yield losses and satellite-based drought risk assessment accessible to smallholder farmers, directly supporting SDG 13.1 and 13.3. The divergence-based formulation extends beyond agriculture to any system where surface flow dynamics govern spatial heterogeneity-from watershed hydrology to cellular environments where substrate gradients drive biological dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Biosystems engineering, Earth observation, Laplacian terrain metric, Divergence-based analysis, water Redistribution, Climate adaptation, Drought stress, Crop modelling |
| Date: | 2026–02–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05509366 |
| By: | Aleksandra Vujko; Darjan Karabašević; Aleksa Panić; Martina Arsić; Vuk Mirčetić (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Applied Management, Economics and Finance (MEF)) |
| Abstract: | Tourism is a key spatial process linking human mobility, resource consumption, and environmental change. Despite growing awareness of climate risks, sustainable travel behavior often remains inconsistent with pro-environmental attitudes, reflecting the persistent attitude-behavior gap. This study examines how psychological factors-sustainability motives, ecological identity, and climate attitudes-interact with artificial intelligence (AI) transparency to shape travel decisions with spatial and environmental consequences. Using survey data from 1795 leisure travelers and a discrete-choice experiment simulating hotel booking scenarios, the study shows that ecological identity and climate attitudes reinforce sustainability motives and intentions, while transparent AI recommendations enhance perceived clarity, data visibility, and reliability. These transparency effects amplify the influence of eco-scores on revealed spatial preferences, with trust mediating the relationship between transparency and sustainable choices. Conceptually, the study integrates psychological and technological perspectives within a geographical framework of humanenvironment interaction and extends this lens to rural destinations, where travel decisions directly affect cultural landscapes and climate-sensitive ecosystems. Practically, the findings demonstrate that transparent AI systems can guide spatial redistribution of tourist flows, mitigate destination-level climate pressures, and support equitable resource management in sustainable tourism planning. These mechanisms are particularly relevant for rural areas and traditional cultural landscapes facing heightened vulnerability to climate stress, depopulation, and uneven visitation patterns. Transparent and trustworthy AI can thus convert environmental awareness into spatially sustainable behavior, contributing to more resilient and balanced tourism geographies. |
| Keywords: | spatial decision-making, ecological identity, climate attitudes, tourism geography, resource management, rural destinations, cultural landscapes, trust, AI transparency, sustainable travel, sustainable travel AI transparency trust spatial decision-making ecological identity climate attitudes tourism geography resource management rural destinations cultural landscapes |
| Date: | 2025–12–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05475497 |
| By: | Chouech, Olfa |
| Abstract: | As investors, regulators, and the public increasingly emphasize sustainable investment amid growing climate concerns, the accurate prediction of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics has become a crucial complement to traditional assessment methods. This study analyzes 1, 000 companies across nine industries and seven regions between 2015 and 2025 to predict overall ESG scores using key financial and environmental indicators. To ensure robust predictive performance, a diverse set of machine learning algorithms—including Linear Regression, Random Forests, and four boosting models (AdaBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost)—was employed. To address potential bias in panel data, a panel-aware machine learning framework incorporating GroupKFold cross-validation was implemented. The results show that boosting algorithms consistently outperform traditional linear approaches in predicting ESG scores. Among them, CatBoost achieved the best overall performance, with the lowest RMSE (4.608), MAE (2.222), and MSE (21.234), and the highest R² (0.913), indicating strong predictive accuracy. Overall, this study presents an innovative and transferable framework for predicting ESG scores, thus contributing to both empirical research and quantitative modeling practices. Furthermore, it advances the sustainability field by providing a machine learning–based application that enables companies to predict their ESG scores in real time. |
| Keywords: | ESG, Machine Learning, Boosting Algorithms, Sustainable Development, Predictive Modeling |
| JEL: | O32 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127272 |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | Sustainable digital finance is a topic of growing interest among sustainability advocates who are seeking ways to influence digital financial services providers to offer sustainability-oriented digital financial services. This study defines sustainable digital finance, identifies some characteristics of the emerging sustainable digital finance sector and forecasts what sustainable digital finance should be in the future. The study shows the emergence of digitalisation policies, digital finance policies, sustainability and climate change policies, a low interest in sustainable digital finance, a general reluctance towards sustainable digital finance, the rise of green washing by digital finance providers, and the growing interest in sustainable digital finance information among members of the public. The study also shows what sustainable digital finance should be in the future. It forecasts a future where there are environmental, social and governance (ESG)-compliant digital finance laws and regulations, a well-developed sustainable digital finance sandbox to develop sustainability-oriented digital financial services, the emergence of international standards for sustainable digital finance, an ecosystem where digital finance tools are used to promote environmental sustainability, and a self-regulatory environment where the industry takes the lead in developing sustainable digital finance initiatives. |
| Keywords: | sustainable digital finance, digital finance, sustainability, sustainable development, Fintech, ESG, digital technology |
| JEL: | O1 O3 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127372 |
| By: | Roberto Zoboli (DISEIS and CRANEC, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore; Corresponding Fellow Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei; Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies (SEEDS)) |
| Abstract: | The paper addresses the role natural and environmental resources in armed and non-armed conflicts through a political economy approach. The analytical reading key is the classifications of economic goods —‘private’, ‘public’, and common goods or ‘commons’, renewable and non-renewable resources, tradable and non-tradable goods. The main hypothesis is that the economic attributes of resources as economic goods can inference the likelihood of observing conflicts or cooperation, especially at the international level. In the case of fossil resource - ‘private goods’, non-renewable, tradable – the likelihood of conflict is high, particularly in weak state contexts, through mechanisms such as resource rents and smuggling networks. Geopolitical factors, price fluctuations and strategic control, influence global conflict patterns and resource-based power struggles. However, the analysis underscores that fossil resource can also foster cooperation, however unstable, within the paradigm of ‘peace and trade’. In the case of water – ‘private good’ or ‘commons’, renewable, non-tradable - conflicts are often localized but cooperation prevails in transboundary contexts. Conflicts over water are relatively rare compared to cooperative arrangements, but climate change and the variability of hydrological regime are increasing tensions, particularly in regions dependent on rain-fed agriculture. In the case of climate – a ‘commons’, non-renewable when taking a Global Carbon Budget perspective, non-tradable when leaving aside emission trading systems – the paper highlight tow paradigms - the ‘fossil paradigm’ and the ‘climate change paradigm’ - that are clashing one another to gain the socio-economic and the ‘vision’ dominance of the world system. Key findings reveal that the persistence of fossil fuel interests and the strategic management of critical raw materials pose significant obstacles to a rapid energy transition and equitable climate governance. The analysis underscores that aligning climate policies with principles of shared governance and equity is essential for mitigating conflicts and advancing cooperation. As a general conclusion, non-renewable, tradable resources such as fossil fuels are more prone to conflict yet can also foster cooperation through the ‘peace and trade’ paradigm. Conversely, ‘commons’ like transboundary waters and climate can bring, because of their own economic nature, to global governance and peace-promoting processes. However, different types of tensions internal to cooperative governance can arise, and critical raw materials - ‘private goods’, non-renewable, tradable – can bring to new conflicts or, conversely, to cooperation through ‘peace and trade’ within the ‘climate change paradigm’. |
| Keywords: | Private goods, public goods and commons; Fossil resources; Oil; Water; Climate change; Critical raw materials; Conflicts and wars; Paradigm shift |
| JEL: | F02 F15 F18 O13 O14 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0326 |
| By: | Sven A. Hartmann (Institute for Labour Law and Industrial Relations in the European Union (IAAEU), Trier University) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the causal effect of exposure to uncensored environmental reporting on individuals’ environmental preferences and pro-environmental behavior. We exploit a natural experiment occurring in the German Democratic Republic, where geographic characteristics determined access to Western TV. Western media provided information on environmental pollution, a topic censored in East German state media. Using individual-level data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we find a positive and persistent effect of Western TV exposure on environmental concerns and participation in environmental organizations. Complementing these findings, the analysis of county-level data reveals additional changes in pro-environmental behavior. Specifically, we show that Western TV induced GDR citizens to submit complaint letters on environmental issues to local authorities. Furthermore, regions with Western TV access exhibited stronger electoral support for the Green Party in the first two federal elections of reunified Germany. These results highlight the influential role of mass media in shaping both environmental preferences and corresponding behavior. |
| Keywords: | Television; Environmental preferences; Pro-environmental behavior; Natural experiment |
| JEL: | N54 P28 Q53 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iaa:dpaper:202601 |
| By: | Javier Aliaga Lordemann (Investigador senior asociado de INESAD); Adriana Caballero Caballero (Investigadora Junior de INESAD) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the sustainable production cost, integrating the recovery of agricultural heritage (COSPH), for quinoa cultivation in the Bolivian High Plateau (Altiplano), seeking to answer: How much does it cost to make quinoa production sustainable over time in Bolivia? And, How does this change when considering agricultural heritage conservation? Specifically, the study evaluates how good agricultural practices (GAP) can mitigate climate change impacts and whether they are cost-effective, integrating the costs of agricultural heritage, which are particularly important for the quinoa real (royal quinoa) crop in Bolivia. Methodologically, the research combines a microeconomic model of imperfect competition calibrated for quinoa — capturing price differentiation based on sustainability and heritage conservation — with the NL-CROP model (Non-Linear Crop Optimization Model), which simulates non-linear interactions between climate, soil, and farming practices. Key findings show that GAP significantly reduce yield losses: under moderate climate conditions, productivity declines decrease from 5-7% to 1.8-2%, while in extreme events, losses drop from 16-30% to 2.5-6.2%, attributed to sustainable soil management. GAP remain viable in scenarios with up to two to three standard deviations, where profit margins cover additional costs. However, in severe crises (50% yield losses), negative margins (-4.7%) make agricultural insurance necessary (premiums of 7-10%), as well as tailored policies to balance climate adaptation with smallholders' economic viability. When heritage conservation costs are included (COSPH), results show improved resilience (yield loss reduced to 10.5% under a moderate climate scenario) at a moderate additional cost (5.75% compared to 5%), suggesting that preserving agroecological heritage contributes to long-term sustainability. These findings highlight the strategic role of combining sustainable agriculture with the protection of cultural landscapes in vulnerable highland farming in Bolivia. |
| Keywords: | sustainable production costs, agricultural heritage, quinoa economics, agriculture and environment, small farmers, climate change adaptation. |
| JEL: | O13 Q12 Q15 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202507 |
| By: | Tittor, Anne; Simon, Jenny; Kalt, Tobias |
| Abstract: | We are witnessing the rise of a global hydrogen economy characterised by uneven global geographies of energy, industrial production and extractivism. In this new landscape, large-scale hydrogen production is anticipated to develop in Global South countries with the goal of exporting it to the Global North to support their decarbonization and green industrialisation initiatives. Although some exporting countries in the Global South are pursuing plans for self-determined green industrialisation, there is a significant risk that these efforts may fail. Instead, it seems likely that once again extractivist patterns are reproduced and socio-environmental costs externalised to the Global South. Additionally, the debate about the material basis for so-called low-carbon hydrogen is undergoing a shift. While the initial focus had been on hydrogen production from renewable energy, now hydrogen based on fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage as well as from nuclear energy are gaining importance. Furthermore, fossil continuities continue to shape the emerging hydrogen economy even in cases where green hydrogen is prioritised. To analyse these contested and contradictory developments of the global hydrogen economy, we employ the concept of post-fossil extractivism and provide empirical evidence from the EU, Germany, South Africa, Namibia, Argentina and Chile. |
| Keywords: | Decarbonisation, extractivism, fossil fuels, green industrial policy, hydrogen |
| JEL: | B52 F18 F52 Q42 Q43 O13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:336776 |
| By: | Sem, Graham |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the evolving landscape of climate resilience within the agrifood systems of Pacific Island countries, where agriculture, fisheries, transportation, and food distribution networks are deeply interconnected and highly vulnerable to climate change. Pacific Island agrifood systems – spanning smallholder crop and livestock production, subsistence and semicommercial fishing, food processing, and marketing – are facing escalating threats from more frequent extreme weather, sea level rise, and resource scarcity. Through regional case studies drawn from Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Samoa, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, the analysis highlights how climate-smart agriculture, local innovations, and strengthened institutional collaboration are not only helping to safeguard production but also ensuring that food supply chains, market access, and rural livelihoods remain viable under changing climatic conditions. The paper underscores the importance of evidence-based interventions, such as crop diversification, extension services, and improved value chain connectivity, for fostering a more adaptive and inclusive agrifood sector. Despite positive developments, significant challenges persist, such as underdeveloped infrastructure, limited agrifood financing, and challenges in knowledge-sharing across the region. The study provides actionable recommendations aimed at strengthening the agrifood system’s adaptive capacity – emphasising the need for integrated policies, investment in resilient infrastructure, and multistakeholder engagement – so Pacific Island countries can achieve sustainable food security and resilient rural economies in the midst of ongoing climate pressures. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391429 |
| By: | Moro, Alessandro; Zaghini, Andrea |
| Abstract: | Donald Trump's re-election and renewed exit from the Paris Agreement marked a deterioration in the US green bond market. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we estimate a 4.4-6.0 percentage point drop in issuance probability and a USD 20-28 million decline in monthly green-issuance volume per issuer. As a result, the share of green bonds in the US market dropped from 1.7 per cent in the pre-Trump period to just 0.6 per cent thereafter. At the same time, the greenium - the typically negative yield spread between green and traditional bonds with similar characteristics - turned from negative to positive. This change in the greenium, coupled with reduced issuance, signals weakened investors' demand for green assets, likely driven by both reduced environmental concerns and less optimistic outlook for environmentally-conscious firms. The impact of Trump's re-election and policies on green bonds was stronger in the US than in other markets, highlighting diverging trajectories in sustainable finance at the international level. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable finance, Green bonds, Greenium, Political shock, Trump's presidency |
| JEL: | G11 G12 G24 Q51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cfswop:336812 |
| By: | Römer, Daniel; Rode, Johannes |
| Abstract: | In many countries, stronger climate action is becoming less of a priority. After moderate declines in recent years, support for the energy transition in Germany has grown slightly again. According to the KfW Energy Transition Barometer, 83% of households consider the energy transition to be important or very important, up from 82% last year. In contrast, the share willing to take action themselves has dipped slightly to 59%. Overall, 13.5 million households (33%) use at least one green technology – an increase of around 800, 000 households, or about two percentage points, on the previous year. Green technologies include for example heat pumps, photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles. Cost-effectiveness is crucial for uptake; rising fossil fuel prices under the EU-ETS2 could support future adoption. |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:159311 |
| By: | Pénélope Nicolleau (MRM-MKG - Montpellier Research in Management - Marketing - MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Francesca Bergianti (UNIMORE - Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia) |
| Abstract: | Research on emotions among young adults highlights anger and hope as key drivers of proenvironmental actions. Righteous anger, emerging from perceived injustices, fuels the desire for change and pushes individuals to seek reparations, while hope provides meaning and a vision of an achievable goal. Together, these contrasting emotions form a "moral battery" supposed to stimulate motivation to act, although their specific impact on sustainable behaviors remains little studied. This study examines the association of anger and hope in online discussions through a netnographic approach, focusing on young adults, known for their ecological sensitivity. Through content analysis of 28 Reddit threads on climate change, we identified central themes linked to these emotions. The study reveals parallels in the way anger and hope are expressed and interconnected, thus providing a basis for future research. Hope appears as a determining force able to conduct anger into constructive action, while in turn, hope is activated, fueled by a feeling of self-efficacy. By recognizing the emotional complexity of consumers and introducing hope as a counterbalance to eco-anger, this research could help companies and institutions more effectively promote sustainable practices and build authentic relationships with environmentally conscious consumers. |
| Abstract: | Les émotions, notamment l'espoir et la colère, sont reconnues comme des moteurs clés des comportements proenvironnementaux. La colère, traditionnellement vue comme négative, émerge des injustices perçues et alimente une force motivationnelle pour le changement, tandis que l'espoir est une base de l'engagement, lui donnant du sens. L'association de deux émotions opposées constituerait une « batterie morale ». A travers une approche netnographique du forum Reddit, cette étude explore les discussions sur la colère et l'espoir face au changement climatique. L'analyse de contenu de 28 fils de discussion révèle des parallèles dans la manière dont ces émotions sont liées à l'action et se nourrissent mutuellement. En reconnaissant la complexité émotionnelle des consommateurs et en introduisant l'espoir comme contrepoids à l'éco-colère, cette recherche pourrait aider les entreprises et les institutions à promouvoir plus efficacement des pratiques durables et des communications efficaces, et établir des relations authentiques avec les consommateurs soucieux de l'environnement. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Sustainability, Netnography, Young adults, Moral emotions, Sustainable consumption |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05375314 |
| By: | Layer, Kira; Gutmayer, Stephanie; Sandmeier, Thorben; Ringger, Jonas; Cermak, Jan; Fichtner, Wolf |
| Abstract: | Electricity generation as well as electricity demand are dependent on the weather and climate, and this dependency is expected to further increase in the future. Challenges in energy systems arising from this dependency can be studied using large-scale weather patterns (WPs). These WPs can help reveal the atmospheric drivers of the challenges, but there exist many different classifications of large-scale WPs. Although WPs are widely used in energy-related studies, to our knowledge, no systematic review has yet evaluated the applicability of weather pattern classifications to analyzing extreme events and variability in energy systems. In this study, we aim to fill this gap by reviewing and combining literature dealing with both WP classifications and weather-induced challenges in energy systems. A total of 69 studies are included, which use different classification methods to study weather-induced challenges on energy systems. Overall, most challenges to the energy system arise during blocking weather patterns. Furthermore, we find that stable large-scale WPs allow for better forecasts of wind power generation if combined with other predictors. This review reveals research gaps underscoring the need to consider the whole energy system, including demand and the electricity grid, not only the generation of wind power and photovoltaics. |
| Keywords: | weather patterns, weather regimes, high residual load events, energy drought, weather variability, forecasting, energy system |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitiip:336809 |
| By: | Aina, Carmen; Parisi, Lavinia; Picchio, Matteo |
| Abstract: | Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical threat to women's safety and equality worldwide, yet the role of climate and environmental stressors in shaping violence against women remains underexplored, particularly in developed countries. This study identifies the causal impact of short-run temperature fluctuations on GBV in Italy using ten years of province-level data (2013-2022) on helpline calls and femicides and a two-way fixed effects estimation strategy. We find that higher temperatures increase both help-seeking behavior and lethal GBV. Accounting for nighttime temperatures shows that elevated minimum temperatures are particularly consequential relative to daytime heat. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that temperature effects are not uniform across provinces, with evidence of differential responses along selected dimensions related to adaptation and socio-economic context. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of considering climate-related stressors within violence prevention and social protection frameworks, even in high-income countries. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, gender-based violence, temperatures, femicide, violence prevention |
| JEL: | J12 J16 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1713 |
| By: | Akter, Sonia |
| Abstract: | Climate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of climatic hazards, disrupting agricultural systems and reshaping rural livelihoods worldwide. In climatevulnerable countries like Cambodia, these disruptions are also transforming gender roles within agriculture. While the feminisation of agriculture—where women assume greater agricultural responsibilities as men transition to non-farm work—has been widely observed, less is known about whether this trend also extends to women’s involvement in farm-level decision-making. This case study examines the relationship between climate change adaptation, climatic hazards, and the multidimensional feminisation of agriculture in Cambodia. Using nationally representative, sex-disaggregated data from the Cambodia Agriculture Survey (2019–2021), covering over 40, 000 households, we analyse shifts in women’s roles as unpaid family labourers, hired workers, and decision-makers in agricultural production. Our findings show a significant increase in women’s participation in all aspects of agriculture during the study period. Feminisation was more pronounced in female-headed households, those heavily dependent on agriculture for income, and those exposed to climatic shocks—especially droughts and floods. We find that crop and livelihood diversification, key household adaptation strategies, are strongly associated with increased female labour and decision-making roles. By contrast, we find little evidence that male outmigration or non-climatic hazards (e.g., pests & diseases) are major drivers of feminisation in this context. These results highlight the need for gender-responsive agricultural and climate adaptation policies. In particular, agricultural extension programs should actively support women’s access to climate-smart technologies, training, and resources—especially in areas most affected by climate change—so that women’s growing role in agriculture translates into greater resilience rather than deepening the burdens of climate stress. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391432 |
| By: | Mukherji, Aditi |
| Abstract: | Agri-food systems across Asia and Africa, where over 2.5 billion people depend on agriculture for livelihoods and food security, are at risk due to current and projected climate change. For example, in Africa, maize and wheat yields have already declined by 5.8% and 2.3%, respectively, due to increased drought frequency and warming trends (IPCC, 2022a). Across both continents and more so in Africa than Asia, rain-fed agriculture accounts for over 90% of staple crop production, making it acutely vulnerable to erratic rainfall and temperature extremes (IPCC, 2022a; IPCC, 2022b). In Asia, monsoon variability, glacier retreat affecting all perennial rivers, sealevel rise, and extreme heat threaten food production in densely populated river basins and deltas, such as the Ganges, Mekong, and Indus (IPCC, 2022b). Fisheries and aquaculture, which provide more than 20% of animal protein in many Asian countries, are also increasingly disrupted by warming and ocean acidification (IPCC, 2022c).Without adequate adaptation, cereal yields could decline by 10–30% by 2050 across both regions, and suitable areas for rain-fed crops, such as maize, could shrink by up to 40% in parts of SubSaharan Africa under 1.5°C warming (IPCC, 2022a). While relatively under-researched, yields of non-cereal crops, as well as the nutritional content of all major food groups also decline at higher levels of global warming. These disruptions deepen food insecurity, affecting a disproportionate share of the 783 million people globally who are already undernourished, and exacerbating inequality for smallholders, women, and youth. A range of solutions exists, encompassing adaptation and mitigation and their various co-benefits with nutrition and related SDGs and CGIAR and partners are working to scale these solutions. Climate-smart agriculture, including drought- and heat-tolerant crops, efficient irrigation, and agroecological practices, offers immediate adaptation benefits while leveraging digital tools such as AI-powered climate services, decision-support platforms, and mobile-based advisory systems, which helps small holder producers be better prepared for climate-induced hazards like floods and droughts improved forages, green ammonia, and site-specific nutrient management are interventions that simultaneously boost productivity and reduce emissions. Scaling these solutions requires targeted adaptation finance, inclusive governance, and enabling policy frameworks and calls for a just transition in agri-food systems in Asia and Africa. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391428 |
| By: | Sandra Batten; Stephen Millard |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use a DGE model to examine the effect of the move to net zero in the United Kingdom on productivity. One argument is that the transition is likely to be productivity–reducing, as it will involve a move from more to less efficient means of producing. Alternatively, it could be argued that the transition will be productivity–enhancing, as the capital investment required to bring about this move leads to a rise in productivity, both within the specific "greening" industries and more generally via productivity spillovers to the rest of the economy. Our model enables us to examine how this potential trade–off varies depending on whether we look at the short, medium or long run. We find that the introduction of a carbon tax, applied to encourage the move towards net zero, reduced GDP and total hours worked, but since total hours fell by more than GDP, increased productivity. As electricity becomes more substitutable for petrol and gas, the effect on productivity becomes more positive as GDP recovers while total hours remain permanently lower than initially. Finally, our results suggest that unless investment in green technology leads to significant technological gains elsewhere, it is unlikely that the move to net zero will have a large effect on productivity growth above and beyond the direct effect resulting from the capital deepening that will be associated with it. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Dynamic General Equilibrium, Carbon Tax, Climate policy, Energy, Renewable energy |
| JEL: | Q28 Q38 Q43 Q48 Q58 E32 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nsr:niesrd:575 |
| By: | Ryan Singleton; Qazi Haque; Firmin Doko Tchatoka |
| Abstract: | The global transition to low-carbon energy has led many countries to adopt national hydrogen strategies, yet their policy impacts and adoption drivers remain poorly understood. This paper investigates these issues using panel data for 49 countries from 2010 to 2023. Policy impacts are assessed via a staggered difference-in-differences framework, while the determinants of adoption are analysed using a fixed-effects linear probability model. We find that adoption is associated with a sustained and economically significant increase in public hydrogen R&D spending, signalling credible government commitment, and a smaller rise in carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) R&D, reflecting continued support for fossil-fuel-linked technologies. No short-run reduction in industrial process emissions is observed, suggesting that decarbonisation effects materialise gradually. Turning to the determinants of adoption, within-country growth in renewable electricity generation emerges as the strongest predictor of adoption, highlighting the interdependence between renewable expansion and hydrogen policy formation, while macroeconomic and political factors appear largely insignificant. These results shed light on the effectiveness and determinants of national hydrogen strategies in the global energy transition. |
| Keywords: | hydrogen policy, national hydrogen strategies, difference-in-differences, event study, policy adoption, energy transition |
| JEL: | C21 C23 O13 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2026-14 |
| By: | Psaltis, Charis; Loizides, Neophytos; Michael, Andreas; Ioannidis, Nikandros; Morgan Jones, Edward; Sudulich, Laura |
| Abstract: | The paper presents key findings from a public opinion survey and conjoint experiment with a representative sample of 800 Greek Cypriots, examining public attitudes toward natural resources co-management in the Eastern Mediterranean and the green transition in the context of the Cyprus Problem. It examines views on climate change, joint energy projects, political arrangements, and possible confidence building measures (CBMs) that could build trust between the two communities. The major finding of this research is that it identified potential peace packages accepted by a majority of the Greek Cypriot voters that include Cyprus-Turkey co-operation as part of a comprehensive settlement and wider regional co-operation on energy in the Eastern Mediterranean. |
| Keywords: | Cyprus; Cyprus Issue; energy cooperation; EasternMediterranean; conjoint experiment; bizonal bicommunal federation |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137247 |
| By: | Andrés García-Suaza (Universidad del Rosario); Pamela Caiza-Guamán (Universidad del Rosario); Alexander Sarango-Iturralde (Université Paris I); Bernardo Romero-Torres (Universidad del Rosario); Catalina Buitrago (Universidad del Rosario) |
| Abstract: | The green transition represents one of the most significant transformational forces in the labor market in the coming years. This paper analyzes the incidence of green jobs in four Latin American countries using information from job vacancy data. The results reveal a low incidence of demand for jobs with green potential or for new and emerging occupations related to the green transition. Such occupations are characterized by requiring high levels of education and offer a significant wage premium. These results highlight the main challenge of the green transition, which lies in the need to implement training processes, while revealing opportunities for the creation of high-quality jobs in the region. |
| Keywords: | Labor demand; Green jobs; Green transition; Climate change; Skills |
| JEL: | J24 J62 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000092:022158 |
| By: | Agbon, Adrian D. |
| Abstract: | As economies grow, environmental concerns also become more pronounced, particularly regarding water supply, water quality, and the degradation of aquatic environments. The link between surface and groundwater is becoming increasingly relevant, as contaminated aquifers that discharge into streams can lead to the contamination of surface water. This paper examines the current state and future challenges of potable water provision in the Philippines by focusing on three interlinked areas: groundwater resources, surface-water sources, and the institutional role of water districts. In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on this issue due to widespread concerns about water supply and the contamination of groundwater and surface water (lakes, streams, rivers, etc.) by toxic substances. This paper characterizes the groundwater and surface water in selected areas of the Philippines. Basic data from 53 water districts in the Philippines are analyzed to estimate demand and supply, water coverage, and to review some of the water districts' tariffs. A set of policy and operational measures is recommended: integrated source planning across jurisdictions, strengthened groundwater monitoring and licensing, targeted investment in treatment and distribution upgrades, capacity building for water district technical staff, and blended finance mechanisms to scale resilience projects. Implementing these measures can improve water quality, reliability, and equity of access while safeguarding groundwater and surface sources for future generations. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | water security, groundwater, surface water, water districts, Philippine water quality, governance, climate resilience, potable water |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-50 |
| By: | Webb, Leanne |
| Abstract: | Over the recent few years, two research projects were separately undertaken to support Australia’s and Vanuatu’s agricultural sectors, demonstrating how the provision of climate services can help producers identify and understand future challenges. Both projects explored climate change related impacts for different crops, assessing production suitability under current and future climates. Here, we consider both the commonalities and differences in the approaches and outputs in providing climate information to farmers in each country. For example, while the web interface of My Climate View (Australia) and the Van-KIRAP climate change portal (Vanuatu) were both designed for sectoral users to access, the Australian project was location-specific and Vanuatu’s output was more regional. We also consider the strengths from both projects and provide actionable recommendations that can be implemented in similar projects going forward. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391426 |
| By: | Paprocki, Kasia |
| Abstract: | Plantation logics have been responsible for devastating transformations of the planet including climate change. While they have shaped the current social and ecological conditions we live with today, they also shape the way we choose to live with those conditions. Among these choices are a set of strategies broadly referred to as climate change adaptation. I describe here how climate change adaptation is shaped by plantation logics through spatially uneven development, dispossession, and racialization. I develop these arguments through an examination of the adaptation regime and its uneven manifestation across the Global South and North. In the end, I turn to an examination of the fundamental limitations of the Plantationocene in capturing contingency, resistance, and alternatives to plantation logics shaping climate change adaptation. |
| Keywords: | Plantationocene; plantation logics; climate change adaptation; dispossession; racialization |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129984 |
| By: | Pia Andres; Chiara Cavaglia; Sam Fankhouser; Ilya Ilin; Francois Lafond; Fulvia Marotta; Ralf Martin; Sandra McNally; Viet Nguyen-Tien; Alice Owen; Emilien Ravigne; Maxwell Read; Xiyu Ren; Misato Sato; Aurelien Saussay; Arjun Shah; Trang Thu Tran; Anna Valero; Guglielmo Ventura; Dennis Verhoeven; Francesco Vona; Golvine de Rochambeau |
| Abstract: | The transition to net zero can bring economic benefits - improving productivity and living standards while tackling climate change and this collection of briefing papers shows how. Pathways to productive and inclusive net zero brings together highlights of research carried out under the Productive and Inclusive Net Zero (PRINZ) programme. |
| Keywords: | Green Growth, UK Economy |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepsps:54 |
| By: | Bartzokas, Anthony |
| Abstract: | Emerging economies confront unprecedented challenges mobilizing finance for green industrial transitions while maintaining development trajectories. This paper examines implementation effectiveness across India, South Africa, Brazil, and Indonesia-major economies representing diverse political systems, economic structures, and policy approaches- documenting systematic gaps between stated climate commitments and realized outcomes ranging from 33% to 77% of stated targets. Through comparative analysis of policy frameworks, financing architectures, and sectoral dynamics spanning renewable energy, industrial decarbonization, sustainable agriculture, and just transitions, we reveal that aggregate capital availability constitutes only partial explanation. Firm-level financial constraints systematically structure which technologies firms can adopt constrained firms pursue incrementally cleaner but emission-intensive options, while only unconstrained firms access frontier low-emission technologies. This "pecking order" mechanism-predicted by recent theoretical work and validated across four diverse country contexts-generates three fundamental policy challenges. Three critical implications emerge. First, green credit must target frontier technologies precisely, yet such targeting creates politically challenging coverage gaps and exceeds institutional capacity. Second, blended finance exhibits fundamental tension between leverage maximization and genuine additionality. Third, just transition programs systematically underserve workers dependent on constrained firms unable to finance transitions. Looking forward, financing effectiveness will depend increasingly on institutional autonomy rather than merely capital costs: capacity to navigate fragmented global financial architectures, preserve infrastructure control, and maintain policy space as geopolitical competition intensifies and debt burdens rise. |
| Keywords: | green industrial policy, development finance, blended finance, financial constraints, just transitions, emerging economies |
| JEL: | O38 L52 O16 G28 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336698 |
| By: | Fanny Henriet; Yannick Kalantzis; Matthieu Lemoine; Noëmie Lisack; Harri Turunen |
| Abstract: | Long-run benefits of transition policies are clear and well-documented in the literature, which shows huge economic losses in case of inaction. These policies also have medium-run consequences, which we study here. We use a new approach to model the impact on the French economy of a carbon tax in line with the CO2 emission reduction of Fit-for-55. Under the conservative assumption that there are no new clean technologies along the transition, we find that the long-term benefits of reducing carbon emissions implies some macro costs during the transition. In the short run, with unchanged monetary policy, inflation increases slightly due to the direct transmission of carbon taxes to prices. In the medium run, we find slower output growth, mainly driven by large real supply effects. <p> Les bénéfices à long terme des politiques de transition sont clairs et bien documentés dans la littérature, qui montre d’énormes pertes économiques en cas d’inaction. Ces politiques ont également des conséquences à moyen terme, que nous examinons ici. Nous utilisons une nouvelle approche pour modéliser l’impact sur l’économie française d’une taxe carbone en ligne avec la réduction des émissions de CO2 du paquet Fit-for-55 (ajustement à l’objectif 55). En faisant l’hypothèse prudente d’une absence de nouvelles technologies propres au cours de la transition, nous constatons que les bénéfices à long terme de la réduction des émissions de carbone impliquent des coûts macro pendant la transition. À court terme, à politique monétaire inchangée, l’inflation augmente légèrement en raison de la transmission directe de la taxe carbone aux prix. À moyen terme, nous constatons un ralentissement de la croissance de la production, principalement lié à d’importants effets d’offre réels. |
| Date: | 2026–01–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:econot:426 |
| By: | Brian Hanley; Pieter Tans; Edward A. G. Schuur; Geoffrey Gardiner; Adam Smith |
| Abstract: | We present an entirely new physics founded approach to estimating the social cost of carbon (SCC). For this, we developed our Ocean-Heat-Content Physics and Time Macro Economic Model (OPTiMEM) to estimate future heat content (separately published). The heat conjecture assumes that weather damages curves are stochastically proportional to ocean heat increase. We model carbon combustion, validate to datasets for greenhouse gas (GHG), temperature, and ocean heat content (OHC). We show that the social cost of 4 GHGs: CO2, CH4, N2O and halogenated hydrocarbons, cannot be single values, but must be represented by a kind of economic phase space. We propose very long-term carbon bonds to implement real discounting. This obviates the Gordian knot of the descriptivist versus prescriptivist discount disagreement that is unsolvable. Implementing these bonds leads to a new monitoring metric: real-dollar spending and bond discount rates compared to SC-GHG cost with variation on the discount scale, where the discount has no relationship to the pure rate of time preference (PRTP). This heat conjecture is based on OPTiMEM. OPTiMEM initiates from a fossil fuel consumption function to produce CO2, with 18 scenarios implemented to provide the uncertainty range. We provide 1:N year loss risk models (1:10, 1:100, 1:1000) that government, engineers, and actuaries should find useful. A scenario implementing DICE family of models carbon and growth assumptions shows +18{\deg} C is breached by 2210 CE, and +110{\deg} C by 2300 CE -- both of which outcomes are obviously not compatible with the fairly rosy conclusions of DICE models. Concerns are raised about having enough low-cost fossil fuel for conversion to minimal CO$_2$ maximal energy return on energy invested (EROEI) power if nations wait too long, and low EROEI power is questioned because monetary value is dependent on energy. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.03009 |
| By: | Sarmento da Silva, Acacio |
| Abstract: | Timor-Leste is highly vulnerable to climate-related disasters, with a food system heavily reliant on imports, contributing to widespread malnutrition, particularly among women and children. Fisheries, managed appropriately, can provide a climate-resilient source of nutrients and income to the vulnerable households, as fish can still be harvested from the sea during natural disasters or food system disruptions and during COVID – 19 pandemics, ensuring food availability and stability in local contexts. However, the sector remains maledominated, and women’s critical roles, such as gleaning aquatic foods, processing and trading, are often overlooked in policy and governance. We present a project aimed at fostering women’s participation in fisheries governance by establishing co-management committees in coastal communities. These committees ensure women’s representation and members are trained in climate-smart practices for coastal resource management. Through the committees, communities participate in trainings in fish processing and business literacy, strengthening resilient livelihoods with gender sensitive technologies while promoting the nutritional value of aquatic foods, particularly for pregnant and lactating women and young children. The project estimated the contribution of gleaning and fisheries to local diets by analysing the nutrient content of 32 aquatic species caught by both women and men fishers and quantifying their consumption. This research demonstrates that these resources are vital for year-round nutrition security and highlights the importance of gleaning in local food systems. Incorporating women’s knowledge and practices into coastal management is essential to enhancing food security and the sustainability of marine resources. By fostering the participation of women in co-management committees and valorising gleaning, we make a compelling case for including women’s voices in fisheries governance to support climate resilience and enhance food systems’ sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391433 |
| By: | Jorge Ale-Chilet (UANDES - Universidad de los Andes [Santiago]); Cuicui Chen (SUNY - State University of New York); Jing Li (Tufts University [Medford]); Mathias Reynaert (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We study collusion among firms against imperfectly monitored environmental regulation. Firms increase variable profits by violating regulation and reduce expected noncompliance penalties by violating jointly. We consider a case of three German automakers colluding to reduce the effectiveness of emissions control technology. By estimating a structural model of the European automobile industry from 2007 to 2018, we find that collusion lowers expected noncompliance penalties substantially and increases buyer and producer surplus. Due to increased pollution, welfare decreases by €1.57–5.57 billion. We show how environmental policy design and antitrust play complementary roles in preventing noncompliance. |
| Keywords: | noncompliance, automobile market, pollution, regulation, collusion |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05492381 |
| By: | Mehic, Adrian (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | How are preferences for innovation formed, and what determines the long-run direction of technological change? This paper shows that early-life exposure to environmental accidents can durably reorient inventive effort decades later, even in the absence of targeted policy. I study radioactive fallout from the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident across Sweden, exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in local exposure driven by rainfall. Combining municipality-level fallout data with Swedish patent records from 1967 to 2021, I find that more exposed areas experienced a persistent increase in green patenting, with no change in total patenting. The effect emerges only in the early 2000s, and is driven by individuals exposed during childhood: matching inventor-level data with detailed administrative records, I show that individuals exposed to fallout during their formative years are more likely to enter the patent system as green inventors and to begin their inventive careers with green technologies, consistent with a cohort-based entry mechanism. A simple model of directed technical change with formative exposure rationalizes these findings. In addition, the paper shows that green patents originating from more exposed areas do not have a lower number of citations than other patents, suggesting that the results are not driven by low-quality innovations. |
| Keywords: | Patent; Environmental accidents |
| JEL: | D91 O31 Q53 Q55 |
| Date: | 2026–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1552 |
| By: | Tomai, Maria; Papachristos, George |
| Abstract: | The performance of waste management systems in cities has to improve to cope with rapid urbanisation and population growth trends. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a more in-depth understanding of how potential interventions may impact and improve the performance of waste management systems. This is particularly the case for countries in the Global South, in their pursuit of further progress towards sustainable development. This paper develops a system dynamics model to evaluate interventions in the solid waste management system of Accra, where rapid urbanisation and population growth will place its waste management system under increasing strain over the next decades. The model is used to evaluate interventions as to whether they can increase circular waste flows, reduce disposal to landfills and, thus, improve system performance in upstream source separation, midstream waste collection, and downstream waste treatment. The findings reveal that the government's planned expansion of waste recovery capacity in Accra addresses only part of the challenge and will be inadequate to manage the city's accelerating waste generation. The simulation results underscore the necessity of adopting an integrated approach to improve system performance and achieve progress toward sustainability goals. This involves educational interventions for raising awareness and infrastructural interventions across the whole value chain. This analysis improves our understanding of the critical bottlenecks and synergistic effects of upstream, mid-stream and downstream interventions. It also supports policy and decision-making by drawing attention to the delays and potential negative trade-offs involved between interventions. |
| Keywords: | Waste management system, System dynamics modelling, Circular economy, Global South |
| JEL: | Q53 O13 Q01 C61 R11 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336692 |
| By: | Camelo Vega, Ana |
| Abstract: | The global energy transition, essential for achieving climate goals and sustainable development, faces significant challenges, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies. These challenges include high capital costs, policy inconsistencies, debt burdens, and limited mobilization of private capital due to high perceived risks. This paper explores the importance of regional perspectives in overcoming these barriers, emphasizing how regional public goods, cross-border investments, and tailored financial mechanisms can drive scalable solutions. It provides a comprehensive assessment of regional contexts- highlighting opportunities and constraints in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean-and identifies the potential of innovative financial catalysts, namely blended finance. The analysis underscores the critical role of regional collaboration and financial innovation in fulfilling global commitments, such as the latest USD 300 billion pledge, and presents actionable recommendations for policymakers, international financial institutions, and private sector stakeholders to accelerate the energy transition equitably and effectively. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Finance, Energy Transition, Cost of Capital, Emerging Markets, Regional Pathways |
| JEL: | Q01 Q40 F35 G23 O16 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336686 |
| By: | Pansong Jiang; Donglan Zha; Qian Chen; Jaume Freire González |
| Abstract: | The carbon rebound effect, a phenomenon that usually accompanies improvements in energy efficiency, is frequently observed in households. To mitigate the household carbon rebound effect, the removal of fossil fuel subsidies has emerged as a potential strategy. This paper aims to systematically simulate the consequences of removing such a subsidy to inform evidence-based policy-making. We develop an analytical framework that facilitates a detailed investigation of changes in the prices of various goods and services consumed by residents after the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, as well as the main sources of household carbon rebound effect (CRE). Moreover, we examine the extent to which the removal of fossil fuel subsidies can counteract the rebound effect. Our findings indicate that rebound-driven fossil fuel consumption is the primary contributor to the total CRE. Meanwhile, consumption in the 'residence' category is the dominant source of the indirect CRE. We further show that removing all fossil fuel subsidies could totally offset the CRE in Chinese households. A notable urban-rural heterogeneity is observed. The subsidy removal for oil and natural gas yields the strongest mitigation effect on CRE in urban regions, whereas removing the oil subsidy proves most effective in rural areas. These results affirm the effectiveness of policies to remove fossil fuel subsidies. We conclude that reforming fossil fuel subsidies is a powerful tool to counteract the CRE, offering valuable insights not only for China but also for other developing countries with similar household consumption patterns. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, fossil fuel subsidies, household consumption, input-output price model, Rebound effect |
| JEL: | H23 Q41 Q54 R15 R21 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1561 |
| By: | Wu, Hangjian; Mentzakis, Emmanouil; Schaafsma, Marije |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is a globally recognised problem that causes premature deaths and economic loss. 95% of these premature deaths occur in developing countries, which often trade off investing in air quality improvement against economic growth. In these countries, economic growth may be prioritised by governments due to resource constraints, causing citizens to experience future air quality deterioration. Evidence from studies in developed countries suggests that social capital can be a potential impactful mediator urging the government to implement more pro-environmental policies. However, little empirical evidence exists for developing countries where environmental governance is often complicated by competing policy priorities. We investigated residents' preferences for clean air in Beijing, China, using a discrete choice experiment. In the experiment, attributes of air pollution were specified as either an improvement or a deterioration as a result of policy prioritisation. The effects of social capital (consisting of social trust, norms and networks) were examined by incorporating social capital indicators into a novel hybrid choice model. The results suggest that social capital was positively associated with individual preferences when air quality was projected to be improved (i.e., higher social capital leads to higher preferences for air quality improvement) as well as deteriorated (i.e., higher social capital leads to higher resistance to air quality deterioration). Our findings imply that in a society with high social capital, policymakers who prioritise economic growth at the expense of the environment are likely to cause considerable public welfare losses. |
| Keywords: | Air quality, discrete choice experiment, social capital, social trust, social norms, social networks |
| JEL: | D6 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336688 |
| By: | Pierre Bui Quang; David Nefzi |
| Abstract: | The environmental requirements of the SRI label were tightened in 2024. Following this reform, SRI funds redirected their investments towards less carbon-intensive securities. This contributed to reducing their footprint more rapidly than other funds, although other factors may also have played a role. However, this impact is necessarily limited by the fact that the SRI label takes into account other non-financial criteria in addition to the carbon footprint alone. <p> Les exigences environnementales du label ISR ont été revues à la hausse en 2024. À la suite à cette réforme, les fonds ISR ont réorienté leurs investissements vers des titres moins intensifs en carbone, ce qui a contribué à réduire leur empreinte plus rapidement que d’autres fonds, même si d’autres facteurs ont pu jouer. Pour autant, cet impact est nécessairement limité par le fait que le label ISR retient d’autres critères extra-financiers que la seule empreinte carbone. |
| Date: | 2026–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:econot:434 |
| By: | Simon Mathex (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Raphaële Préget (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | A rebound effect occurs when an energy efficiency improvement results in less energy savings than expected. Usually, this phenomenon is attributed to a price effect, as improvements in the energy efficiency of a technology reduce its cost of use, thereby encouraging increased usage. Recent studies taking into account environmental preferences suggest that the rebound effect is not only due to a price effect. A behavioral phenomenon, called moral licensing effect, may also lead users of a more efficient technology (often less damaging to the environment) to feel less guilt to use it more, and thus to increase the rebound effect. We conducted a survey involving 1, 510 French households to explore the moral licensing effect in the context of heating behavior. First, we show that most people declare they would increase their heating consumption if it had a lesser environmental impact. Second, we show that wood heating is perceived as a heating fuel with less environmental impact than oil, gas and electricity. Based on these results we conclude that policies promoting wood heating as a more environmentally friendly energy source may indeed induce a moral licensing effect, leading people to increase their heating usage and potentially counteracting expected environmental benefits of wood heating. |
| Keywords: | Rebound effect, Moral licensing effect, Heating fuels, Wood heating, Survey |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05488755 |
| By: | Laura Henckel (Agroécologie [Dijon] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UBE - Université Bourgogne Europe); Guillaume Fried (LSV Montpellier - Unité entomologie et plantes invasives - LSV - Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail); Jean-Philippe Guillemin (Agroécologie [Dijon] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UBE - Université Bourgogne Europe); Isis Poinas (LSV Montpellier - Unité entomologie et plantes invasives - LSV - Laboratoire de la santé des végétaux - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Christine Meynard (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Benoit Ricci (Agroécologie [Dijon] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UBE - Université Bourgogne Europe, UMR ABSys - Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: • We used a national dataset of 500 sites monitored yearly from 2013 to 2018. • We analysed the effects of herbicides on plant margin communities. • Herbicides had a negative effect on richness and nature-value species. • Situations of risk for pesticides drift had a negative effect on margin flora. Abstract: Pesticides are often identified as one of the major causes of biodiversity decline in farmlands. However, our knowledge about this relationship has mostly being inferred from small to landscape-scale studies, or from indirect indicators of agricultural practices at large scales. Here, we used a national network of more than 500 sites monitored yearly from 2013 to 2018 in France to assess the non-target effects of herbicides on field margin plant communities. We used hierarchical generalized linear models to investigate the effects of practices on plant species richness, plant species evenness, proportion of nature-value plants, and proportion of grasses in field margins, while controlling for a large number of possible confounding effects. The intensity of herbicide use had a negative effect on plant species richness, and on the proportion of nature-value plants. In the margin of cereal fields, there was a negative effect of dicotyledon herbicides on richness and a negative effect of grass herbicides on species evenness. We also identified, in some specific crops, a negative effect of non-herbicide treatments on margin flora richness and on the proportion of nature-value plants. The presence of surrounding grasslands had a consistent favourable effect on richness and on the proportion of nature-value plants in field margins. Finally, situations of risk for pesticides drift had a negative effect on margin flora. This study confirms that reducing herbicide use represents a robust lever to maintain the floristic diversity of field margins, which could be combined with strategies reducing the risk of pesticide drift. |
| Keywords: | Plant communitie, Pesticide, Herbicide, Field margin, Biodiversity, Agroecology |
| Date: | 2026–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05446093 |
| By: | Yosr Ammar (UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon, MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, IFGE - Institut Français de Gouvernement des Entreprises - EM - EMLyon Business School); Julien Cloarec (MAGELLAN - Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon, Iaelyon - Iaelyon School of Management - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon); Bertrand Valiorgue (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020], EM - EMLyon Business School) |
| Abstract: | As technological advancements, artificial intelligence (AI), and climate change become increasingly intertwined, energy efficiency has emerged as a crucial issue for organizations and public authorities. This research examines how companies can align financial and environmental goals to attract diverse investor groups, focusing on AI-driven energy efficiency strategies. Using the Economies of Worth framework, we explore how investor behavior is influenced by AI adoption in energy management and varying accountability structures. Across four studies with 1, 500 investors, we find that environmental motivations can reduce investor willingness to invest, mediated by perceived energy efficiency. However, AI integration improves this relationship, particularly when paired with internal accountability mechanisms.Firms that adopt AI-based energy solutions, combined with appropriate accountability measures, are more likely to appeal to both traditional and impact-oriented investors. This study contributes to sustainable investment research by highlighting the critical role of AI and accountability in shaping investor perceptions of energy efficiency, offering practical insights for businesses balancing financial and environmental objectives. |
| Keywords: | accountability, artificial intelligence, sustainable investment, energy efficiency, Energy management systems, Energy management systems energy efficiency sustainable investment artificial intelligence accountability |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05470476 |
| By: | Denning, Glenn |
| Abstract: | Achieving universal food security — healthy diets for all, from sustainable food systems — will require a comprehensive investment strategy that increases food supply, enhances distribution and access, reduces food losses and waste, and improves nutrition for all, while addressing and mitigating climate change. Despite increases in agricultural productivity and a sharp reduction in the proportion of undernourished people over the past 50 years, universal food security remains elusive. About 673 million people — 8.2 percent of the world population — are undernourished, and almost three billion people cannot afford a healthy diet. Our food systems are vulnerable to climate change while contributing one third of greenhouse gas emissions. Conflict and trade disruptions further compound the challenge and undermine past successes. Yet, we are incongruously underinvesting in agricultural improvement and food systems transformation, beginning with woefully inadequate support for international agricultural research: the foundation for more productive and resilient food systems. Food security has emerged as a geopolitical priority across the Indo-Pacific region. Leaders of China, India, ASEAN nations, the Pacific, and beyond have raised alarms and are looking for actionable policies and investments. In this address, I will outline a set of practical actions that Australia could take to advance food security in the Indo-Pacific region. Stepped-up action and investment by Australia in support of agricultural research and development would be widely welcomed in the region. As a nation, we have exceptional expertise and well-established partnership models in agriculture and food security that, if better supported and deployed, could serve our collective desire for regional peace and prosperity. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391422 |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | The race to achieve the United Nations sustainable development goals has spurred much interest in the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate progress towards the sustainable development goals. This study explores the role of artificial intelligence in achieving the 17 sustainable development goals. Several AI applications are identified for each of the 17 sustainable development goals. The study also explores how AI systems are helping to analyze large datasets, identify trends, make predictions, and develop insights related to SDG activities. The study also highlights the challenges associated with using AI to accelerate progress for the SDGs. While the benefits of AI for the SDGs are acknowledged in this study, the study calls for a cautious approach in using AI to achieve the SDGs. |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence, sustainable development goals, Algorithms, sustainable development, applications, challenges, SDG. |
| JEL: | O1 O13 O3 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127371 |
| By: | Nicolas B. Verger (DCU - Dublin City University [Dublin]); Raffi Duymedjian (EESC-GEM - Grenoble Ecole de Management); Vlad P Glăveanu (DCU - Dublin City University [Dublin]) |
| Abstract: | Meritocracy is often discussed as an issue of distributive justice – that is, as the fair allocation of resources. Capitalist organizations are frequently structured around meritocracy, rewarding people hierarchically according to their talent and hard work. Amid concerns that these organizations also contribute to sustaining the ecological crisis, how does meritocracy contribute to, or maintain, environmental damage? In this Connexion piece, we explore this issue. Our analysis identifies a dominant system embedded within capitalism, which we call the Meritocracy of Production. This system views the world primarily as a collection of exploitable resources, rewarding maximization, efficiency and innovative exploitation aimed at unlimited outputs, often justifying extensive resource extraction with little regard for socio-ecological consequences. By contrast, we discuss practices (e.g. bricolage, upcycling, low-tech) that exemplify a Meritocracy of Preservation. This alternative emphasizes sustainable co-existence and collective robustness, valuing dignified, respectful and interdependent relations within ecological and social environments. It rewards practices that sustainably contribute to co-habitation and co-existence. We argue these two meritocratic systems are ontologically equivalent, each offering distinct worldviews, narratives and modes of engagement with the world. People and organizations navigate tensions between these poles by borrowing discursive and representational elements from both systems. While these elements simultaneously influence everyday practices, capitalist organizations are heavily skewed toward the Meritocracy of Production, placing little emphasis on valuing efforts of dynamic preservation—that is, on amplifying the worth and dignity of multiple things-in-the-world, not as a return to a pristine past, but as their ongoing rearrangements to enable their cohabitation. Recognizing this interplay highlights the need to shift towards greater ecological balance and environmental responsibility. |
| Abstract: | La méritocratie est souvent abordée comme une question de justice distributive, c'est-à-dire comme une allocation équitable des ressources. Les organisations capitalistes sont fréquemment structurées autour de la méritocratie, récompensant les individus de manière hiérarchique en fonction de leur talent et de leur travail. Alors que ces organisations sont également mises en cause pour leur contribution au maintien de la crise écologique, comment la méritocratie participe-t-elle aux dommages environnementaux, ou les perpétue-t-elle ? Dans cet article de Connexion, nous explorons cette question. Notre analyse met en évidence un système dominant inscrit dans le capitalisme, que nous appelons la méritocratie de la production. Ce système considère le monde avant tout comme un ensemble de ressources exploitables et valorise la maximisation, l'efficacité et l'exploitation innovante orientées vers une production illimitée, justifiant souvent une extraction intensive des ressources sans réelle prise en compte des conséquences socio-écologiques. À l'inverse, nous examinons des pratiques (par exemple le bricolage, l'upcycling, le low-tech) qui illustrent une méritocratie de la préservation. Cette alternative met l'accent sur une coexistence durable et une robustesse collective, en valorisant des relations dignes, respectueuses et interdépendantes au sein des environnements écologiques et sociaux. Elle récompense les pratiques qui contribuent de manière durable à la cohabitation et à la coexistence. Nous soutenons que ces deux systèmes méritocratiques sont ontologiquement équivalents, chacun proposant des visions du monde, des récits et des modes d'engagement distincts avec celui-ci. Les individus et les organisations naviguent entre ces pôles en empruntant des éléments discursifs et représentationnels à chacun des deux systèmes. Bien que ces éléments influencent simultanément les pratiques quotidiennes, les organisations capitalistes restent fortement orientées vers la méritocratie de la production, accordant peu d'importance à la valorisation des efforts de préservation dynamique — c'est-à-dire à l'amplification de la valeur et de la dignité de multiples entités-au-monde, non pas comme un retour à un passé pristine, mais comme des réagencements continus permettant leur cohabitation. Reconnaître cette interaction met en lumière la nécessité d'un déplacement vers un plus grand équilibre écologique et une responsabilité environnementale accrue. |
| Keywords: | Creative preservation, creativity, ecology, innovation, meritocracy, post-growth, resource, resourcification, sustainability ORCID iDs |
| Date: | 2025–07–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05422094 |
| By: | Francisca Castro; Tilman Brück; Hadi Jaafar; Wolfgang Stojetz |
| Abstract: | When refugees flee abroad, they carry the legacy of their traumatic experiences across borders. While there are over 43 million refugees worldwide, the long-term effects of conflict exposure on their well-being remain poorly understood. This paper examines how pre-displacement exposure to violent conflict and environmental stressors shapes the long-term social well-being of Syrian refugees in Jordan, focusing on life satisfaction, social trust, and social safety nets. |
| Keywords: | Refugees, Conflict, Climate, Wellbeing, Mental health, Syria, Jordan |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2026-5 |
| By: | Cass, Leanne; Sato, Misato; Saussay, Aurelien |
| Abstract: | Steep declines in solar PV costs raise questions about whether, and how, to continue support. This paper analyses Scotland’s interest-free Home Energy Scotland (HES) Loan, which encourages household PV adoption by lowering borrowing costs and extending repayment periods, reducing upfront capital barriers. This type of instrument has a low fiscal cost but has been relatively under-examined in previous research on solar subsidies. Using a database of more than one million household PV installations in the UK over the period 2010–2021, the authors compare Scottish localities that have access to loans with similar English localities that are ineligible, before and after 2017, when the HES Loan was introduced. The results show clearly that the HES Loan increased household adoption of rooftop solar panels in Scotland, even though the country has relatively low solar potential, and shifted take-up towards smaller systems suitable for smaller properties. In terms of the distributional impacts across wealth groups, unlike previously examined policies including upfront rebates and Feed-in-Tariffs (FiTs), there were broad gains and relatively larger effects in lower-wealth areas and across urban and accessible-rural locations, yielding a less skewed wealth and geographical distribution of installations. The paper also examines the value-for-money for the government. The results consistently indicate positive welfare gains from the loan at modest fiscal cost. Overall, the paper provides robust evidence that interest-free loans can cost-effectively expand the uptake of household solar PV while promoting equitable access, complementing (and in some contexts outperforming) production-based support policies (i.e. those that subsidise households per unit of electricity produced by their solar panels). |
| Keywords: | renewable support policies; interest-free loans; residential PV; distributional impact; MVPF |
| JEL: | H22 H23 H81 Q42 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137107 |
| By: | Matthew T. Cole (Department of Economics, California Polytechnic State University); James Lake (Department of Economics, University of Tennessee); Ben Zissimos (Department of Economics, University of Exeter) |
| Abstract: | International environmental agreements (IEAs) often condition entry into force on ratification by a minimum number of countries, yet deep environmental commitments frequently face strong domestic political resistance. We study how IEA breadth, through minimum ratification thresholds (MRTs), and depth are jointly determined when domestic ratification incentives are endogenous. In our model, lobbying competition between pro- and anti-environmental interest groups shape domestic ratification outcomes, and lobbying incentives depend on expectations about ratification in other countries. MRTs affect domestic political incentives by altering the pivotality of a country’s ratification for entry into force and the extent to which global emissions externalities are internalized. As a result, deeper agreements optimally feature lower MRTs: governments relax breadth requirements to offset endogenous domestic political resistance to more ambitious environmental commitments. Our analysis provides a political-economy foundation for the breadth–depth trade-off and offers a novel perspective on free riding that operates through domestic political effort rather than participation or enforcement mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | International environmental agreements, Miniumum ratification thresholds, Contest, Ratification, Lobbying, Domestic polictial economy, Breadth-depth trade-off, Free riding |
| JEL: | Q54 H41 D72 F53 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpl:wpaper:2601 |
| By: | Tairea, Selane |
| Abstract: | Climate change is already a critical issue for Pacific nations and threatens the ability of local farmers to produce crops. Despite this issue, farmers have been historically left out when it comes to research. Understanding Pacific farmers’ experiences of climate change, the way they adapt in response, and the challenges they face in sustaining their production is essential. This study analyses the adaptation methods used by farmers in Rarotonga, Cook Islands, using data from a survey conducted by PHOAFS Regional Research Agenda partners across multiple Pacific countries. A sample of 174 farmers were surveyed across August-September 2024. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were employed. Farmers reported experiencing inconsistent rainfall (49%), rising temperatures (50%) and increasing frequency and/or severity of droughts (49%). Overall, most farmers (87.9%) had made at least one adaptation method in response to changing weather patterns and were more likely to adapt in response to increasing drought conditions. The major adaptation methods implemented by Rarotonga farmers were crop and soil management methods (52% of all adaptations), such as crop rotation, mulching, and composting. Contrary to other bits of research, there were no demographic factors influencing farmers’ likelihood of adapting. The findings from this research illustrate that farming is holistic. And point to a practical focus on increasing support from the government through improving opportunities for education and access to resources. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391434 |
| By: | Kässi, Otto; Wang, Maria |
| Abstract: | Abstract This policy brief analyses the level and structure of business support measures related to the green transition in Finland in a European comparative perspective. Finland ranks among the EU countries with the highest level of green transition support when business subsidies are measured relative to GDP. However, a high level of support alone does not indicate the steering or incentive effects of subsidy policy. A comparison with other EU countries shows that Finland’s support system places greater emphasis on cost-compensating instruments, whereas in many large member states support is more directly targeted at investment projects and technological transformation. The available empirical evidence does not so far indicate that the main Finnish support instruments have had significant effects on firms’ investment activity, productivity growth, or long-term competitiveness, despite their substantial fiscal cost. At the same time, assessing the overall impact of the support system is complicated by the fact that subsidies are concentrated on large and financially strong firms, for which suitable comparison groups are difficult to identify. The policy brief highlights that the central challenge of green transition support policy lies in the structure of support measures and in evaluating their effectiveness, rather than in the overall level of support. |
| Keywords: | Green Transition Subsidies, State Subsidies, Environmental Policy Funding, Industrial Policy |
| JEL: | H23 H25 H81 Q58 O38 |
| Date: | 2026–02–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:briefs:174 |
| By: | Akyildirim, Erdinc; Corbet, Shaen; Muñiz, Jose Antonio; Scrimgeour, Frank |
| Abstract: | Negative ESG‐related reputational events generate significant corporate risks, particularly within sensitive sectors such as the pharmaceutical industry. Using novel reputational data, this research investigates investor perceptions of the consequences of experienced ESG breaches among US pharmaceutical firms. Specifically, we consider the magnitude, timing, and persistence of abnormal returns, testing whether firm‐specific characteristics and event‐related attributes moderate and account for identified market response differentials. Results indicate the presence of significant negative abnormal returns before the identified media release date, suggesting market anticipation or information leakage, followed by a pronounced negative shock upon formal announcement, with firm size the most robust mitigating factor. Market response shows substantial heterogeneity, while environmental incidents generate significant, delayed negative returns, whereas social and governance events show negligible investor response, indicating a lack of market concern. Companies experiencing recurring incidents experience further deterioration of returns than first‐time offenders. Neither the initial news source's reach nor the assessed severity significantly affects the magnitude of market response. These findings highlight the context‐dependent nature of ESG materiality in the pharmaceutical sector. |
| Keywords: | reputational risk; CSR; ESG; abnormal returns; pharmaceutical industry |
| JEL: | G14 G32 L65 M14 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137054 |
| By: | Drago Cvijanović; Darjan Karabašević; Aleksandra Vujko; Svetlana Vukotić; Gabrijela Popović; Vuk Mirčetić (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Applied Management, Economics and Finance (MEF)) |
| Abstract: | Community-led rural tourism plays a crucial role in promoting economic sustainability and cultural preservation by prioritizing local needs and values. Active resident participation fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment, essential for the long-term success of tourism initiatives. A study of 386 residents from Bregenzerwald, Austriaselected for its established community-led tourism model and strong local engagementcharacterized by a balanced gender distribution and high education levels, investigated the factors influencing local engagement in tourism, including perceived benefits, empowerment, trust, place attachment, and resource accessibility. Complementary interviews with 31 stakeholders from Fruška Gora, Serbia-chosen as an emerging rural tourism destination with potential for sustainable development-further emphasized the significance of community agency and empowerment. Through factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM), the research validated its conceptual framework, demonstrating the transferability of the Bregenzerwald model to other rural contexts. Two key constructs emerged: tourism empowerment and sustainable belonging, jointly explaining 84.655% of the variance. Tourism empowerment underscores residents' recognition of tourism as a vehicle for economic growth, job creation, and cultural safeguarding, while sustainable belonging reflects a strong commitment to eco-friendly practices and social cohesion. Stakeholders from Fruška Gora echoed these findings, highlighting tourism's role in economic development, cultural identity reinforcement, and environmental stewardship. The results illustrate that rural tourism, when community-led, serves as a comprehensive development tool, fostering economic resilience, environmental sustainability, and social solidarity. The Bregenzerwald model offers a valuable framework for enhancing community participation and sustainable tourism development in other rural regions seeking holistic growth. |
| Keywords: | and Contextual Framework Development Theoretical Modeling, and Contextual Framework Development semi-structured interviews and Thematic Analysis, community-led tourism, rural development, tourism empowerment, sustainable belonging, bregenzerwald model on the rural tourism, Literature Review, and place attachment literature. ➩ Method: Theoretical Modeling, community empowerment, community-led tourism rural development tourism empowerment sustainable belonging bregenzerwald model on the rural tourism |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05475470 |
| By: | Radanielson, Ando |
| Abstract: | Rice consumption is expected to increase by up to 50% from 2010 levels by 2050, with demand largely in Asia and, more recently in Africa. Rice-growing areas will need to intensify and expand in these regions. Conventional intensified irrigated rice systems have been critical in ensuring global food security. They are also among the major sources of anthropogenic Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane and nitrous oxide. Practice changes towards climate-smart agriculture and low-emissions management, such as direct seeded rice (DSR), alternate wetting and drying (AWD), short duration variety and improved straw management, have led to increased yields, reduced inputs use and cost of production, and GHG emission reductions averaging from 7% to 30% across different regions. These benefits are site-specific and depend on the local context of production, requiring strategic packaging and targeted implementation. This presentation will provide an overview of our current understanding of the impacts and co-benefits of proven low-emission practices as well as the challenges to their scalability. We will also explore emerging technologies such as varietal improvement and soil health engineering that present potential for emission reductions. Finally, we will discuss how these solutions can accelerate the system transformation and how partnerships and collaboration among development organisations, private and public institutions can co-create ethical and sustainable impact for rice farmers, consumers, and the planet at scale. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391424 |
| By: | Driscoll, Daniel; Kiefel, Max; Larsen, Mathias |
| Keywords: | state capacity; industrial policy; international political economy; critical minerals; electric vehicles; climate change; geopolitics |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–02–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137142 |
| By: | Rabah Arezki (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, Harvard Kennedy School); Hieu Nguyen (WUSTL - Washington University in Saint Louis) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between (internal) armed conflict and sustainable development. Using annual panel data on 192 countries from 2000 to 2024, we employ a variety of econometric techniques to trace the impulse responses between conflict fatalities and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) performance in both directions. Results reveal a striking asymmetry: conflict shocks produce long-lasting adverse effects on SDG performance, while SDG performance shocks exert only transient effects on conflict intensity. This asymmetry persists across external and major conflict episodes, and is robust to alternative identification strategies. Our findings indicate that sustainable development is fundamentally contingent on prior achievement of peace. |
| Keywords: | Asymmetry, Persistence, Sustainability, Development, Conflict |
| Date: | 2026–02–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cdiwps:hal-05492339 |
| By: | Oscar Colque Fuentes (Associate Researcher at INESAD); Alejandro Herrera Jimenez (Associate Researcher at INESAD); Beatriz Muriel Hernandez (Executive Director at INESAD) |
| Abstract: | Quinoa production in Bolivia’s southern Altiplano region takes place under some of the most severe agroecological conditions in the Andes. These include extreme altitude, scarce and variable rainfall, frequent frost, strong winds, and, more recently, widespread soil degradation. Organic soil amendments, such as compost, are promoted to restore soil fertility and improve productivity in certified quinoa systems. However, evidence on their effectiveness under real smallholder farming conditions is limited because existing studies often fail to distinguish agronomic potential from realized impacts shaped by environmental and management constraints. This paper addresses this gap by integrating agronomic diagnostics, intervention design, controlled validation, and impact evaluation within a unified framework. First, the study conducts a detailed soil analysis to identify constraints in certified production plots. Next, a compost intervention is designed and validated under controlled conditions to establish agronomic feasibility and potential. Then, a pilot intervention in randomly selected plots estimates the effects of the intervention under real cultivation conditions, including climatic variability, weed pressure, wind exposure, and varied management intensity. The results show that compost application increases quinoa productivity on average, but realized impacts vary with environmental exposure and management practices. Climatic stress, weed competition, wind intensity, and plot’s owner presence influence how much the intervention’s potential translates into observed outcomes. Methodologically, the study shows how combining agronomic validation with causal inference principles improves the interpretation and policy relevance of evidence in high-risk agroecological settings. |
| Keywords: | Quinoa Production, Soil Fertility, Compost Application, Field Experiments, Farm Management, Agroecological Constraints. |
| JEL: | C93 O13 Q12 Q15 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202512 |
| By: | Domingo, Sonny N.; Guadalupe, Roselle F. |
| Abstract: | The National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 legislated the identification and classification of 17 protected areas in the country. This was amended by the Expanded National Integrated Protected Area System (E-NIPAS) in 2018, which increased coverage to more than a hundred. A process evaluation of this policy augmentation was conducted by examining three case study sites: the Masungi Georeserve, the Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape, and the Northern Negros Natural Park. Discussions with the management of several other protected areas in Luzon allowed for further analysis and result verification. Aside from the expanded legislated coverage, results showed that E-NIPAS introduced changes in how consideration is given to policy and management regarding indigenous peoples' rights, sectoral representation, sustainable financing, ecological integrity protection, and penalty provisions. Cascading the intent of the policy proved more difficult due to bureaucratic limitations, with funding and manpower constraints impacting protected area management efficiency, biodiversity protection and conservation, critical area and buffer zone encroachment, and control of economic and destructive activities. Recommendations to enhance integrated protected area system management include the operationalization of workable models that promote stakeholder partnerships in sharing ecological protection mandates and addressing compromising activities within critical zones. Clear supplementary guidelines are needed to standardize area management and protection approaches, limiting arbitrary decision-making among protected area management boards, superintendents, and staff. Compartmentalization of area protection in terms of size, resource provision, and management composition is also key. More detailed characterization of protected areas, the crafting and implementation of area protection and business plans, and policy enforcement and legal follow-through are critical in optimizing the management of the country’s integrated protected area systems. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | ENIPAS, NIPAS, Protected Areas, process evaluation, biodiversity conservation, ecological integrity |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2025-44 |
| By: | Najjuma, Roselyn; Battisti, Giuliana |
| Abstract: | Access to finance is crucial for achieving sustainability goals, especially for poor and developing countries in the global south. However, traditional financial instruments often fall short to support the desired goals. This study explores the potential of a new modality of financing that integrates social, environmental, and economic criteria tailored to the sustainable supply chain finance. We illustrate the case of smallholder coffee farmers in Uganda with very limited collateral; to show how sustainable supply chain financial instruments can help to achieve sustainable goals whilst ensuring fair compensation for farmers and economically viable product for the money lender. Enhancing the welfare of smallholder coffee farmers can significantly strengthen their resilience, allow them to produce in a more environmentally sustainable way and contribute to their broader economic stability. In turn, it would reduce the financial risk to lenders and promote social equity to the benefit of the broader society. The study also explores the partnerships among government, NGOs, and private sector actors in creating supportive ecosystems for sustainable supply chain financing. The analysis underscores the importance of aligning financial incentives with long-term societal goals, advocating for a holistic approach that bridges the gap between profit and purpose. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Supply Chain Finance, financial innovation, coffee value chain, coffee farmers, farmers associations, small holder farmers |
| JEL: | Q14 O13 G23 L81 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336689 |
| By: | Andrés García-Suaza (Universidad del Rosario); Carlos Sepúlveda-Rico (Universidad del Rosario); Pamela Caiza-Guamán (Universidad del Rosario) |
| Abstract: | The green transition is expected to be one of the most significant forces shaping labor markets in the incoming years. As economies shift toward cleaner technologies, green jobs will expand, while employment in high-emission sectors will either decline or move into other sectors, depending on skill transferability and policy design. In this context, the ability of workers to transition between green and non-green jobs will be crucial to ensure a just labor market adjustment. Labor transitions into and out of green jobs remain understudied, particularly in developing economies where data constraints limit empirical analysis. This paper addresses this gap, using household survey data and a synthetic panel approach to estimate the probability of labor transitions employs a skills-based green index. The results reveal a high degree of labor market persistence, explained by the role of skills in shaping mobility, and show a wage premium of 10.6% for green occupations compared to their non-green counterparts. These findings have important policy implications for ensuring a just energy transition. Given the observed rigidities in green labor mobility, targeted upskilling and reskilling programs are important to enabling non-green workers to acquire the necessary skills for green jobs. |
| Keywords: | Labor mobility; Wage inequality; Just transition; Informality |
| JEL: | J21 J24 Q52 J62 |
| Date: | 2025–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000092:022159 |
| By: | Sara Ramírez; Carolina Silva (Fedesarrollo); Nicolás Montoya (Fedesarrollo); Sergio Cabrales (Fedesarrollo); Juan Benvides (Fedesarrollo) |
| Abstract: | El gas natural es indispensable para el funcionamiento eficiente de la actividad económica, especialmente en los sectores industrial y comercial, que dependen de este insumo para sus procesos productivos esenciales. Estos dos sectores representan el 67% de la demanda nacional de gas natural no térmica del país, y aproximadamente 29% del producto interno bruto. Los precios altos y las restricciones en la oferta de gas natural pueden generar importantes impactos negativos y sobre la economía. Además, esta situación podría llevar a que los usuarios vuelvan al uso del carbón, con un alto costo ambiental, o recurran a otros energéticos más costosos, como el gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) y el diésel. En esta nota técnica se estiman (i) los impactos de corto plazo del aumento del precio del gas natural en un contexto de menor producción local y de mayores importaciones sobre el crecimiento económico y la balanza comercial y (ii) los efectos de mediano plazo de un posible racionamiento de gas natural en el país. El análisis se concentra en la industria, el comercio, los servicios públicos, la minería y el sector agropecuario. |
| Keywords: | Gas; Gas Natural; Crecimiento Económico; Balanza Comercial; Servicios Públicos; Minería; Sector Agropecuario; Colombia |
| JEL: | L72 L95 O13 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:022238 |
| By: | Rajat Masiwal; Colin Aitken; Adam Marchakitus; Mayank Gupta; Katherine Kowal; Hamid A. Pahlavan; Tyler Yang; Y. Qiang Sun; Michael Kremer; Amir Jina; William R. Boos; Pedram Hassanzadeh |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence weather prediction (AIWP) models now often outperform traditional physics-based models on common metrics while requiring orders-of-magnitude less computing resources and time. Open-access AIWP models thus hold promise as transformational tools for helping low- and middle-income populations make decisions in the face of high-impact weather shocks. Yet, current approaches to evaluating AIWP models focus mainly on aggregated meteorological metrics without considering local stakeholders' needs in decision-oriented, operational frameworks. Here, we introduce such a framework that connects meteorology, AI, and social sciences. As an example, we apply it to the 150-year-old problem of Indian monsoon forecasting, focusing on benefits to rain-fed agriculture, which is highly susceptible to climate change. AIWP models skillfully predict an agriculturally relevant onset index at regional scales weeks in advance when evaluated out-of-sample using deterministic and probabilistic metrics. This framework informed a government-led effort in 2025 to send 38 million Indian farmers AI-based monsoon onset forecasts, which captured an unusual weeks-long pause in monsoon progression. This decision-oriented benchmarking framework provides a key component of a blueprint for harnessing the power of AIWP models to help large vulnerable populations adapt to weather shocks in the face of climate variability and change. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.03767 |
| By: | Hélène Djoufelkit (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | Dans ce chapitre, nous soutenons que, bien qu'il soit de plus en plus admis que la réduction des inégalités est étroitement liée à la lutte contre le changement climatique, nous ne disposons pas encore des outils et des cadres nécessaires pour rassembler les deux sujets. Cette situation est d'autant plus préoccupante que les engagements des pays en matière de changement climatique et les politiques internes des pays sont malgré tout en cours d'élaboration. En passant en revue les dernières études sur les inégalités liées au changement climatique, ce chapitre cherche à proposer une meilleure compréhension des inégalités climatiques en Afrique, tant entre les pays qu'en leur sein, et à mettre en évidence les outils nécessaires à l'élaboration de politiques climatiques. |
| Keywords: | Afrique subsaharienne, Inégalités, Changement climatique, Pauvreté, Développement durable |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05450316 |
| By: | Miller, Hugh; Martinez Martinez, Juan Pablo |
| Abstract: | The energy transition and the increase in trade restrictions driven by geofragmentation present significant risks to critical mineral markets. This paper examines a subset of essential transition-critical minerals – aluminium, cobalt, copper, lithium and nickel – to assess how metal commodity markets may be impacted by shifting global economic dynamics. The study explores the key long-term drivers of commodity price formation, the medium-term effects of trade interventions on price expectations, and the short-term volatility triggered by trade announcements. The results indicate that metal commodity markets are primarily influenced by demand-related shocks, with copper and aluminium prices being primarily driven by aggregate demand, whereas nickel prices are influenced by a more diverse set of shocks. Similarly, in the short term, nickel, cobalt and lithium prices are more sensitive to trade announcements compared with copper and aluminium prices. The findings and discussion focus on the risks to the energy transition and financial markets. |
| Keywords: | aluminium; cobalt; commodities; copper; critical minerals; energy transition; lithium; metals; nickle; trade |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–01–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137108 |
| By: | Diana Dorobantu (Institut de Science Financières et d'Assurance, LSAF - Laboratoire de Sciences Actuarielle et Financière - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon); Gia Hien Pham |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how the agricultural insurance market is adapting to climate change, particularly as extreme weather events become more frequent and severe. We focus on the optimal decision faced by a risk-averse farmer who wants to insure their crop while making savings. They can choose between a traditional loss-based insurance, index-based insurance or a mix of both. By maximizing the farmer's CARA utility function, we show that in some cases, a mixed insurance strategy is more advantageous than a single contract. In our model, the farmer insures only part of the crop when the market interest rate is strictly positive. Demand for traditional and index insurance depends on their respective prices. Highly risk-averse farmers prefer traditional insurance. A numerical application to the French agriculture sector indicates that mean spring temperature primarily affects winter barley yield and could therefore be the main indicator for index-based insurance design. Insurance simulations using the theoretical model and the estimated results further illustrate these findings. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture yields, Loss-Based Insurance, Index Insurance, CARA utility function, Utility maximization, Utility maximization CARA utility function Index Insurance Loss-Based Insurance Agriculture yields |
| Date: | 2025–12–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05318094 |
| By: | Robert J R ELLIOTT; Wenjing KUAI; Toshihiro OKUBO; Ceren OZGEN |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how international engagements shape heterogeneity in the greenness of Japanese manufacturing firms. Using a new firm-level dataset, we construct intensity-based greenness indicators distinguishing between the greenness of market facing products and the greenness of more governance-driven production processes. Our empirical results are three-fold. First, green activity is widespread across Japanese manufacturing sectors but is predominantly process-oriented, with the greenest firms concentrated in a small subset of industrial activities. Second, greenness is not linked to internationalization in general, but to firms being embedded in global value chains (GVCs), particularly in Western oriented networks, and this association is stronger for green processes. Third, we identify a vulnerability whereby product greening does not attenuate tariff induced sales losses among internationally engaged firms, and green processes do appear to amplify tariff exposure, especially for GVC participants. Overall, the results highlight that going green is multidimensional and that environmental process compliance interacts with GVC integration in shaping firms’ resilience to trade policy shocks under a trend towards further geoeconomic fragmentation. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:26018 |
| By: | Sheheryar Banuri (University of Cambridge); Ha M. Nguyen (IMF); Ernest J. Sergenti (The World Bank) |
| Date: | 2025–12–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1810 |
| By: | Vespignani, Joaquin L.; Smyth, Russell; Saadaoui, Jamel; Wang, Yitian |
| Abstract: | We develop novel, stage-specific, geopolitical risk indicators to examine how geopolitical risk is distributed across the supply-chain for lithium and copper, two minerals which are vital for low-carbon technologies. We find that refining is the geopolitical bottleneck for both minerals, reflecting that refining capacity is highly concentrated in China. We examine refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and AI-driven productivity gains as complementary policy instruments for mitigating exposure to geopolitical risk at the refining stage. We show that reducing China’s refining share substantially lowers refining-stage geopolitical risk, with larger gains for lithium than for copper. We find that stockpiling plays a critical role in buffering near-term geopolitical shocks, but significantly increases the projected shortfall in copper and lithium which is needed to realize the clean energy transition under alternative Net Zero pathways. We demonstrate that AI-driven productivity gains will be needed to narrow the projected supply gaps for both minerals. Our results suggest that ensuring effective security of critical minerals requires a coordinated policy mix, combining refining diversification, strategic stockpiling, and productivity-enhancing technological change. |
| Keywords: | Critical Minerals; Copper; Lithium; Geopolitical Risk; Refining bottlenecks |
| JEL: | C14 Q20 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127877 |
| By: | Brückmann, G. PhD (University of Bern); Torné, A.; Trutnevyte, Evelina; Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle |
| Abstract: | While climate scientists largely agree that we are in a severe climate crisis, political leaders around the world struggle with the drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions that are needed. The literature on public support indicates that this is often due to domestic distributive conflicts over short-term policy costs, especially for market-based policies. This study focuses on two regulation-based policy instruments (an obligation to retrofit building envelopes and a ban on new fossil-fuelled boilers) that target the same level of emissions reductions in the Swiss residential sector, but with different distributions of costs between tenants and homeowners. In a large-scale preregistered survey experiment (n= 1831), conducted in summer 2025, we inform respondents about the effectiveness of these policy instruments to assess public support. We experimentally manipulate whether distributive information (disaggregated by dwelling type (flat or house) and ownership type (owners or renters) is displayed and whether redistributive measures (policy exceptions or targeted subsidies) are included in the policy proposal. The results show that no redistributive measure can recover the drop in public support from providing the information on the policies' distributive effects. Notwithstanding, there is still a majority support for banning fossil-fuel boilers rather than retrofitting building envelopes. Additional subgroup analyses show that homeowners oppose the latter across all experimental conditions, including the control group. This indicates that homeowners are already aware of the costs for building envelope retrofits, before the experimental treatment can make policy costs salient through distributive information. As they are also unlikely to be more supportive when redistributive measures are implemented, a key obstacle persists. |
| Date: | 2026–02–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bmcjy_v1 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Utku Demir; Ioanna Grypari; Dietmar Lampert; Lydia Papadaki; Charalampos Stavridis; Nicolaos Theodossiou; Haris Papageorgiou |
| Abstract: | Interdisciplinary and participatory approaches are necessary to address the complex challenges that climate change presents in various sectors, particularly energy, agriculture, and food production. In this paper, the methodology and results of the IntelComp Living Lab on Climate Change (LLoCC) in Greece, which was established as part of the IntelComp project and funded by the EU's Horizon 2020 programme, are presented. The LLoCC endeavours to facilitate evidence-based policymaking by employing artificial intelligence tools that analyse vast quantities of science, technology, and innovation (STI) data, utilising a Living Labs methodology that is rooted in real-world, user-driven co-creation. The study provides a comprehensive account of the stakeholder mapping and engagement process, the seminars that were conducted in the energy and agri-food sectors, and the iterative feedback that was employed to improve the STI Viewer and STI Participation Portal tools. The identification of priority policy concerns, sectoral innovation trends, and evaluation indicators, as well as insights on transparency, usability, and trust in data, are among the key outputs. The LLoCC demonstrates a collaborative model for aligning digital innovation tools with national climate policy requirements, supporting the work of Greece's High-Level Committee for Climate Change, by emphasising openness, empowerment, continuity, and practical relevance. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Living Labs, Artificial Intelligence for Policy, Stakeholder Engagement, Energy and Agri-Food Sectors |
| Date: | 2026–02–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2604 |
| By: | Bell, Peter |
| Abstract: | This paper describes a methodology to compare historical episodes where governments announce policy changes that impact natural resources and extractive industries. For example, the Province of British Columbia implemented a new tax policy for mining in 1974 that created “super royalty payments” and drastically reduced local mining activity; this paper introduces statistical measurements to capture media attention, stock market effects, and GDP impacts of policy changes like the creation of super royalties in BC. These statistical measures can be compared between different historical episodes to understand the range of outcomes for government policy changes. The method also applies to logging, oil and gas, and agriculture, which are highly impacted by government policy. The paper identifies several historical episodes that can serve as case studies to use the methodology, although full implementation of the method is beyond the scope of this paper. |
| Keywords: | Government, Action, Natural Experiment, Methodology, Historical, Data Science, Mining, Oil, Forestry, Agriculture, Chile, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Canada, |
| JEL: | B5 C8 C80 C81 D6 E6 G0 G1 G17 H2 H23 H25 H5 K2 K23 L5 L7 L72 N5 O2 P11 P16 Q3 Q32 Q33 Q4 Q5 Y1 |
| Date: | 2025–12–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127298 |
| By: | Qian, Jingye; Marín Díazaraque, Juan Miguel; Veiga, Helena |
| Abstract: | We develop a structural VAR with Threshold Stochastic Volatility (VAR-TSV) to study state-dependent transmission among climate conditions, energy prices, and industrial activity. The model combines volatility-in-mean effects with a threshold in log-volatility dynamics that generates discrete shifts between low- and high-volatility states, while keeping VAR propagation and contemporaneous identification unchanged across regimes. The threshold is an observed Low Economic Growth indicator that shifts the level of industrial volatility. We estimate the model in a Bayesian framework and apply it to monthly data for seven European economies (1970s to 2023, varying according to availability) using temperature anomalies, CPI inflation in energy and industrial production growth. Volatility-shock impulse responses and volatility-state-conditional connectedness reveal strong cross-country heterogeneity, with high resilience in Northern Europe, high sensitivity in Central Europe, and high persistence in Southern Europe. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian VAR; Climate uncertainty; Connectedness; Energy transition; Stochastic threshold volatility; Volatility-in-mean; Volatility regimes |
| JEL: | Q43 Q54 C11 C32 |
| Date: | 2026–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:wsrepe:49327 |
| By: | Delacote, Philippe; Meyer, Jessica; Palmer, Charles |
| Abstract: | Policies to secure property rights extend over hundreds of millions of hectares of land claimed as common property. Well-being and resource outcomes from securing the commons are theoretically shown to vary, conditional on local institutional quality and the extent of resource dependence among policy recipients. A differences-in-differences framework is applied to micro-scale panel data to evaluate the impacts of securing forest commons in Malawi. We find short-term negative effects on food security and non-food expenditures but no impact on forest loss rates. Baseline institutional capacity and households' labour portfolios are empirically shown to condition outcomes, with implications for policy targeting. |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137199 |
| By: | Corentin Jacquier (G2Elab-SYREL - G2Elab-SYstèmes et Réseaux ELectriques - G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Rémy Rigo-Mariani (G2Elab-SYREL - G2Elab-SYstèmes et Réseaux ELectriques - G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Vincent Debusschere (G2Elab-SYREL - G2Elab-SYstèmes et Réseaux ELectriques - G2ELab - Laboratoire de Génie Electrique de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Jean-Nicolas Louis (VTT - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland); Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Medium and low voltage distribution grids are at the core of the energy transition as they are expected to host a large share of renewables and flexible resources. Their modeling within decarbonization pathways is then of great importance in providing realistic future energy scenarios. This paper investigates different scenarios at the French national scale up to 2050 while varying the electricity demand, renewables installed in both transmission and distribution grids, and the considered flexibility technologies. The methodology relies on coupling a longterm energy model ( POLES) and an open-source short-term optimization framework (Backbone). POLES produces long-term decarbonization scenarios, while Backbone enables the optimization of the power system. Technical and financial impacts are studied through ten scenarios regarding produced energy, installed capacities, and investment costs. The results highlight the importance of the load demand modeling assumptions, even raising the question of the feasibility of high-demand scenarios. Also, results show that demand-side flexibility can significantly reduce the requirements in conventional storage technologies (up to 98 %). Distributed flexibilities, such as electric vehicle smart charging, are especially effective. Considering multiple types of distribution grids allows, in the end, to show that installing renewable generation at the transmission or distribution level only moderately influences global costs, with a minor advantage for centralization to limit reverse flows on transformers. The paper concludes with a comparison with other scenarios (drawn from up-to-date literature) and a discussion of the environmental footprint of these scenarios, both in terms of mineral resource consumption (raw materials) and land footprint. |
| Keywords: | Energy system modeling, Long-term scenarios, Flexibility, Distribution grids, Critical raw materials, Land footprint |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05507434 |
| By: | Jessica Clement (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Policies that aim to protect the environment have unintended consequences on marginalized communities. Often translating into increased pressures on such communities, these consequences may be linked to top-down decision-making practices that do not consider the preferences and priorities of the marginalized in society. In this chapter, the just transition (JT) policy processes are explored for Hainaut, Belgium. The elaboration of the Territorial Just Transition Plan has guided these processes and led to three axes for the JT in the region (industry, energy, and socio-economic). However, through interviews and multi-actor forums with marginalized communities, important "justice gaps" were identified. For each axis, decision-makers prioritized technical and innovation concerns over social ones, leading to unintended consequences for marginalized communities. Looking through a socio-technical lens, this chapter concludes that JT decision-making processes led to a technical decarbonization focus in the region, but without an accompanying social shift. Considering the perspectives of marginalized communities may help fill these gaps, account for the needs of the marginalized, and support leaving no one behind in JT processes. |
| Keywords: | Just transition, Marginalized communities |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05490286 |
| By: | Mavrotas, George |
| Abstract: | Development finance is facing mounting pressures amid global economic shocks, the lingering effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and rising geopolitical tensions. These challenges have disrupted progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and exposed vulnerabilities in the current financing architecture. The 4th Financing for Development Conference, held in Seville in July 2025, marked a renewed effort to mobilize political commitment and reorient strategies to address these setbacks. Inspired by the precedent set by the 2002 Monterrey Conference, the Seville gathering underscored the need for more pragmatic, accountable, and results-driven approaches. While Monterrey succeeded in galvanizing international support for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), its limitations revealed that political momentum must be matched by sustained implementation and realistic planning. In today's more volatile global environment, these lessons are even more critical. As the 2030 deadline approaches, there is growing consensus that development finance must be recalibrated to reflect current realities-through adaptive, context-sensitive strategies that can maintain progress despite uncertainty. This paper examines the evolving landscape of development finance, identifies key structural and political challenges, and issues a call to action for coordinated, concrete efforts. Without such a shift, temporary financial shortfalls risk becoming entrenched structural gaps, further jeopardizing the 2030 Agenda. |
| Keywords: | development finance, SDGs, 2030 Agenda, FfD Seville Conference |
| JEL: | F35 H87 O19 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336687 |
| By: | Ségolène Anzangossoue (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the universality of the ecological and social transition in marketing by analysing its ideological underpinnings and implicit exclusions. It draws on an academic corpus and adopts a narrative approach to interrogate critical paradigms supporting this transition, such as Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) and Transformative Consumer Research (TCR). The study situates them within a global critique of Eurocentrism and explores their capacity to integrate perspectives from non-Western contexts. The expected results envisage a decolonisation of marketing theories through the tension between universality and pluriversality, to propose strategies adapted to diverse contexts and to renew approaches to sustainability and marketing research. |
| Abstract: | Ce travail examine l'universalité de la transition écologique et sociale du marketing en analysant ses fondements idéologiques et ses exclusions implicites. Il s'appuie sur un corpus académique et adopte une approche narrative pour interroger des paradigmes critiques soutenant cette transition, tels que la Consumer Culture Theory (CCT) et la Transformative Consumer Research (TCR). L'étude les situe dans une critique globale de l'eurocentrisme, en explorant leur capacité à intégrer des perspectives provenant de contextes non occidentaux. Les résultats attendus envisagent une décolonisation des théories du marketing par la mise en tension entre l'universalité et la pluriversalité, afin de proposer des stratégies adaptées à des contextes diversifiés et de renouveler les approches de durabilité et de recherche en marketing. |
| Keywords: | ecological and social transition in marketing, episteme, decolonialisation, Transition écologique et sociale du marketing, épistémè, décolonisation |
| Date: | 2025–05–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05495733 |
| By: | A. de Costa (University of Moratuwa); Vathsala Wickramasinghe (University of Moratuwa) |
| Abstract: | The study investigated whether transformational leadership influences exploratory innovation and intrinsic motivation and environmental dynamism moderate this relationship. While leadership's impact on innovation has been broadly studied, specific effects of transformational leadership on exploratory innovation are underexplored in the literature. Further, the roles of intrinsic motivation and environmental dynamism as moderators are not fully explained in the literature. The study conducted in Sri Lanka intends to fill these gaps in the extant literature. A survey was conducted to collect data and statistical analyses were performed to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings revealed transformational leadership's significant positive effect on exploratory innovation. Moreover, intrinsic motivation and environmental dynamism were found to significantly moderate this relationship. Environmental dynamism amplifies the direct effect of transformational leadership on exploratory innovation, particularly in highly dynamic contexts. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of transformational leadership's role in exploratory innovation and provides practical strategies for organizations to navigate the complexities of a rapidly changing technological landscape. |
| Keywords: | Management science, Industrial and organizational psychology, Transformational leadership, Leadership and innovation, Innovation performance, Employee motivation, Innovation management, Leadership, Leadership styles, intrinsic motivation, exploratory innovation, Environment dynamism |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05482851 |
| By: | Hainaut, Donatien (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | This article proposes a parametric model explaining dierences in mortality across European NUTS2 regions using economic and environmental variables. We extenda multi-group version of the LeeCarter framework by incorporating economic and environmental time series as driving factors. The marginal eects of these factors are modeled with B-splines. Compared to the Li and Lee framework, our model oersseveral advantages. First, it is interpretable and allows assessment of the impact on mortality resulting from changes in economic or environmental policies. Second, theparameterization limits the model's degrees of freedom, enabling reliable estimation over shorter time windows. We illustrate the eciency of our approach by explaining regional mortality patterns in France, Italy, and BelgiumNetherlands. |
| Keywords: | Mortality forecasting ; Lee-Carter model ; multi-group mortality ; life insurance |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiz:louvad:2026001 |
| By: | Jean-Damien Grassias (Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire RITM); Yolande Piris (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], UBS Vannes - Université de Bretagne Sud - Vannes - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud) |
| Abstract: | Purpose Despite their environmental and economic importance, recycling rates remain low in collective housing. Public policies grounded in decontextualized psychological mechanisms show limited effectiveness in this setting. By contrast, practice-based research shifts attention to contextualized everyday routines but offers few operational pathways for intervention. This study aims to advance a more integrated perspective by examining how psychological mechanisms are activated, inhibited or reshaped by collective housing through residential elements of materiality, meanings and competences. Design/methodology/approach Twenty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents living in collective housing in Paris and the surrounding departments. Psychological mechanisms were explored in depth through the practice elements of materiality, meanings and competences. Findings The results show that the residential context deeply shapes how individuals engage with waste sorting. Affordances and emotions elicited by shared spaces profoundly shape sorting practices. Residents actively reconstruct residential sorting norms and cooperation expectations, and experience shame, guilt and pride tied to recycling. Competences extend beyond the household, shaping how residents navigate shared spaces, communicate with neighbors and restore order within the residence. Research limitations/implications Future research should further examine how residential context shapes consumption practices within a systemic perspective. Observational methods, such as sensor data or resident-generated video, could help identify key change points in daily routines. Experimental designs could test residential mechanisms, such as how residential altruistic acts shape waste-sorting behavior. Finally, specialized tools like causal loop diagrams may support a systemic approach to the dynamics of social and consumption change. Practical implications This study offers a framework for field diagnostics and context-based interventions that target the residential environment rather than individuals, focusing on residential psychological mechanisms. Originality/value From a critical realist perspective, collective housing is not simply a constraint on change but a generative structure that shapes waste-sorting routines by activating and shaping residential psychological mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development, Behavioural Sciences, Consumer behavior, Social practice theory, Situated psychological mechanism, Practice, Social change, Waste sorting, Critical realism, Social marketing, Collective Housing, Recycling |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05420560 |
| By: | Jean-Damien Grassias (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], UBS Vannes - Université de Bretagne Sud - Vannes - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud, Université Paris-Saclay); Yolande Piris (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO EPE - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]) |
| Abstract: | [Inférence] Studies aiming to change behavior in the fields of health or the environment show short term, moderate and heterogeneous results. These studies are based mainly on a linear paradigm in which a few variables, that interact little with each other, are sufficient to explain consumer behaviors. Systemic social marketing is a promising alternative that takes into account social systems, non-linear relationships between variables, and complex interactions between stakeholders. This approach is indispensable for addressing apparently insurmountable problems, such as improving waste sorting in Habitats à Loyer Modéré (HLM) located in Quartiers Prioritaires de la Politique de la Ville (QPV). Despite the importance of sorting for the circular economy and the environment, performances are particularly low in this type of housing, which has been little explored and combines several unfavorable factors. To reconstruct how the residential system influences waste sorting, interviews with several actors in addition to residents, as well as site visits, were conducted in Trappes (Yvelines, 78) in 7 HLM residences. A qualitative Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) was produced in order to visualize the feedback loop structure, as well as the levers that can be activated by the main actors in the residential system. Three feedback loops were identified around the variables of sorting, cleanliness and over-maintenance. Improving sorting notably requires the intervention of the caretaker and the Social and Urban Development Officer to develop interventions such as home advisory visits or participatory nudges. Diagnosis based on a CLD is a promising avenue for improving sorting in HLM and QPV. Impact evaluation within a systemic approach and the use of numerical simulation are two crucial avenues for research to facilitate social change beyond changes in individual behaviors. |
| Abstract: | Les études visant à changer les comportements dans le domaine de la santé ou de l'environnement présentent des résultats à court terme, d'intensité modérée, et hétérogènes. Ces études reposent principalement sur un paradigme linéaire où quelques variables, interagissant peu entre elles, suffisent à expliquer les comportements des consommateurs. Le marketing social systémique est une alternative prometteuse qui prend en compte les systèmes sociaux, les relations non-linéaires entre variables, et les interactions complexes entre parties prenantes. Cette approche est indispensable pour résoudre les problèmes en apparence insurmontables, tels que l'amélioration du tri des déchets dans les Habitats à Loyer Modéré (HLM) situés en Quartier Prioritaire de Politique de la Ville (QPV). Malgré l'importance du tri pour l'économie circulaire et l'environnement, les performances sont particulièrement faibles dans ce type d'habitat peu exploré et qui cumule des facteurs défavorables. Pour reconstituer comment le système résidentiel influence le tri des déchets, des entretiens avec plusieurs acteurs en plus des habitants et des visites de site ont été réalisés à Trappes (Yvelines, 78) sur 7 résidences HLM. Un Diagramme qualitatif en Boucles Causales (CLD) a été réalisé afin de visualiser la structure en boucles de rétroaction, ainsi que des leviers à activer par les principaux acteurs du système résidentiel. Trois boucles de rétroaction ont été identifiées autour des variables de tri, de propreté, et de sur-entretien. L'amélioration du tri suppose notamment l'intervention du gardien et du Chargé de Développement Social et Urbain pour développer des interventions, telles que des visites conseils à domicile ou des nudges participatifs. Le diagnostic sur la base d'un CLD est une piste prometteuse pour améliorer le tri en HLM et QPV. L'évaluation d'impact dans une approche systémique et recours à la simulation numérique sont deux voies de recherche cruciales pour faciliter le changement social au- delà du changement de comportements individuels. |
| Keywords: | Behavioural Sciences, Recycling Collective Housing Social marketing Critical realism Waste sorting Social change Practice Sustainable Development Situated psychological mechanism Social practice theory Consumer behavior Behavioural Sciences, Recycling, Collective Housing, Social marketing, Critical realism, Consumer behavior, Social practice theory, Situated psychological mechanism, Sustainable Development, Practice, Social change, Waste sorting |
| Date: | 2025–05–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05405412 |
| By: | Francisco Espinosa (Inclusión S.A.S); Juan Benavides (Fedesarrollo) |
| Abstract: | El gas natural ha sido, durante más de dos décadas, un pilar del bienestar social y la calidad de vida en los hogares colombianos. Su disponibilidad, seguridad y precio accesible han permitido ampliar la cobertura energética y reducir los costos de acceso a servicios esenciales como la cocción, el calentamiento de agua y la climatización, contribuyendo al bien-estar de los hogares; liberando tiempo de las labores domésticas, proporcionando formas seguras y saludables de cocinar y aumentando la funcionalidad de las viviendas. Sin embargo, el déficit creciente de oferta doméstica y la necesidad de suplir la demanda con gas importado elevan de manera sostenida los precios para los usuarios finales. Este encarecimiento tiene implicaciones directas e indirectas sobre el bienestar de los hogares, desde una aproximación monetaria: por un lado, aumenta el gasto en facturas de gas natural residencial; por otro, se traslada a los precios de bienes y servicios intensivos en el uso de gas natural como insumo —como los alimentos preparados, la elaboración de pan, los restaurantes y las manufacturas—, afectando el poder adquisitivo de los hogares.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Esta nota cuantifica ambos canales de impacto monetario: (i) el efecto directo, asociado al mayor gasto de los hogares en la factura del servicio de gas natural, y (ii) l efecto indirecto, derivado del aumento en los precios de los bienes y servicios que utilizan gas como insumo productivo. |
| Keywords: | Gas; Gas Natural; Política Energética; Transición Energética; Crecimiento Económico; Política Pública Precios de Gas Natural Colombia |
| JEL: | L72 L95 O13 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–11–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:022239 |
| By: | Thwaites, Kate |
| Abstract: | Kate has served as the Federal Member for Jagajaga in Melbourne’s north-eastern suburbs since 2019. Kate is currently the Special Envoy for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience. Previous roles she’s held in Government include Assistant Minister for Social Security, Ageing and Women, and Chair, Joint Standing Committee for Electoral Matters. She is the author of ‘Enough Is Enough’, about making the Australian Parliament and community a safer place for women, written with former MP Jenny Macklin.She holds a BA (Journalism) and a Master of International Development. Prior to entering Parliament Kate worked as a journalist, as well as in international development, and the public service. Kate lives in Jagajaga with her husband and two children. |
| Keywords: | Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp25:391421 |
| By: | Baehr, Christian J. |
| Abstract: | An outstanding question in climate politics is how oil-exporting governments will respond to a global clean energy transition. I argue that persistent oil revenue shortfalls strain social contracts in oil-exporting states, compelling governments to enact targeted governance reforms under tightening fiscal constraints. I exploit the sudden emergence of the U.S. shale oil industry as an exogenous supply shock to examine how oil exporters adjust to sustained revenue declines. Using a difference-in-differences design, I find governments exposed to the shale revolution did not respond through broad political liberalization or public goods retrenchment and instead adopted targeted reforms. Systematic evidence on specific reform uptake and a case study indicate these reforms protected public goods provision and curtailed private capture, consistent with a political survival motive driven by rising mass public threats. The findings point to an asymmetric resource curse, in which oil shortfalls generate political responses distinct from those produced by windfalls. |
| Date: | 2026–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:pc5nz_v1 |
| By: | Laïla Benraiss-Noailles (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux, IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux); Viot Catherine (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux, IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux) |
| Abstract: | Ce chapitre analyse la manière dont les salariés réagissent lorsqu'un conflit de valeurs environnementales apparaît entre leurs convictions personnelles et les pratiques de leur employeur. Il met en lumière deux formes distinctes de résilience : s'accommoder du décalage et rester ou rompre la relation d'emploi, phénomène qualifié de climate quitting. |
| Keywords: | climate quitting, Résilience, valeurs |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05415625 |
| By: | Mathilde Felga (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, MRM-MKG - Montpellier Research in Management - Marketing - MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Béatrice Siadou-Martin (MRM-MKG - Montpellier Research in Management - Marketing - MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier); Céline Vial (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IFCE - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]) |
| Date: | 2025–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05506788 |
| By: | Alliott, Olivia (University of Cambridge); Guell, Cornelia; Ogilvie, David; Hadfield-Hill, Sophie; Panter, Jenna |
| Abstract: | Background: Active travel to and from schools offers important health and environmental benefits, yet car use remains dominant, contributing to congestion, pollution and safety risks. Schemes to restrict private motor vehicles are increasingly being implemented around schools to address these issues, but evidence on how they might work to impact the school journey across different contexts is limited. Aims and Objectives: To explore the mechanisms through which schemes might influence school travel behaviour and how the impacts vary across different contexts. Methods In-person walk-along and online interviews were conducted with 24 families, five teachers and four local authority representatives across three regions (Perth and Kinross, Haringey and Sheffield) across the United Kingdom between September 2024 and April 2025. Ethnographic observations were also carried out. Transcripts were analysed drawing on Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis, guided by realist evaluation principles and ethnographic observations to identify contexts, mechanisms and outcomes using NVivo. Results: Common context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations were identified reflecting congruent narratives across participants. For example, In contexts where families previously relied on driving for the school journey (Context), increased inconvenience functioned as a mechanism (Mechanism), encouraging a shift towards hybrid journeys and or a full shift to active travel (Outcome). CMOs were broadly captured by two themes: i) considering change and adapting routines: how families responded to schemes, and ii) navigating challenges and building momentum: how schemes evolved in practice. Participants highlighted the potential for schemes to promote active travel to school, improving experiences of the journey and their health, while also noting unintended consequences such as displaced traffic, pushback from some community members and challenges for families with specific access needs. These experiences showed how supportive infrastructure, meaningful consultation and framing around children’s health and safety shape the impact and acceptability of the schemes. Conclusion: The capacity for schemes to promote healthier and more sustainable school travel, while also generating unintended consequences, suggests that effective implementation requires supportive infrastructure, sustained community engagement and alignment with broader policy priorities. Keywords: active travel; school journey; traffic restriction schemes; school streets; qualitative research; public health |
| Date: | 2026–02–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:naxqs_v1 |
| By: | Kurukulasuriya, Pradeep |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the catalytic role of the United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) in addressing the $4 trillion financing gap for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in the world's 46 Least Developed Countries (LDCs). It argues that traditional development finance institutions (DFIs) and grant-making bodies have failed to mobilize sufficient capital in high-risk, underserved markets due to structural limitations and risk aversion. UNCDF's unique positioning - non-credit rated, impact-driven, and flexible in capital deployment - enables it to operate in frontier markets where others cannot. Through instruments such as blended finance, local currency loans, guarantees, and performance-based payments, UNCDF demonstrates how targeted, concessional investments can unlock domestic capital, crowd in private finance, and build resilient financial ecosystems. Case studies from Tanzania, Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, and Peru illustrate UNCDF's market-creating function and its capacity to serve the "missing middle" in development finance. The paper concludes by advocating for a recalibration of global risk models and a scaling of UNCDF's approach to transform fiscal constraints into engines of inclusive and sustainable growth. |
| Keywords: | Blended Finance, Development Finance Architecture, Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Catalytic Capital, Financial Inclusion and Resilience |
| JEL: | F35 G23 O16 O19 Q01 H81 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336685 |
| By: | Zercher, Désirée; Jussupow, Ekaterina; Heinzl, Armin |
| Abstract: | Generative AI has advanced capabilities, enabling these systems to participate as teammates in human teams. Yet, the potential consequences of including an AI teammate for team climate have yet to be explored. Thus, we investigate how shared decisional ownership between humans and AI, as well as the perception of AI as a teammate affect team climate (including its subdimensions). We conducted an experiment with 85 participants in 35 teams collaborating with a generative AI teammate on a team decision-making task. We demonstrate that human decisional ownership improves team climate, while AI decisional ownership has a non-significant negative impact. However, when AI is perceived as a teammate, its decisional ownership also enhances team climate. The qualitative analysis provides additional insights into how these perceptions emerge. Our findings provide a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms of team-AI collaboration that shape team climate and offer practical guidance for fostering a positive team climate. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:158981 |
| By: | Melise Bouroullec-Machado (EI Purpan - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse, AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - EI Purpan - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse); Amanda Ferreira Guimarães (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); Marie Dervillé (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville, ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); Marie-Benoit Magrini (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - EI Purpan - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse) |
| Abstract: | The economic literature views contractual arrangements as essential tools for securing supply chain and managing risk within agri-food value chain. Recent research, combined with insights from transition studies, has advanced the idea that they can also serve as instruments for developing new, more sustainable value chains. In the context of agri-food systems transitions, this requires rethinking contractual arrangements between producers, processors, and retailers. This paper introduces what we call Niche-Regime Contractual Arrangements (NiReCa), defined as adaptive coordination mechanisms structuring interactions between niche-innovations (farmer-led initiatives) and regime (incumbent dairies). Drawing on Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) and New Institutional Economics (NIE) -particularly Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) -we propose a three-phase analytical framework: (1) the emergence of niche-innovations, shaped by sustainability ambitions and internal coordination mechanisms;(2) the evolution of NiReCa patterns; and (3) the institutionalisation of NiReCa and their role in reshaping the architecture of agri-food systems through empowerment dynamics.Empirically, using a qualitative methodology, the study draws on seven cases to analyse crosscase patterns. The findings highlight three major dynamics: (1) dairy farmers-led nicheinnovations leverage regional branding and innovative contractual arrangements to regain economic agency; (2) tensions between farmer-led niche-innovations and incumbent dairies require flexible strategies, including informal agreements and strategic alliances; (3) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in supporting dairy system transitions by facilitating news projects and offering alternative enabling transitions by offering alternative processing and market access. NiReCa are not merely tools for securing fairer remunerationthey are fundamental drivers of structural change. By enabling coordination between diverse actors, they foster contractual innovations that balance economic resilience with sustainability goals. These findings contribute to agri-food economics by showing how contractual adaptations mediate structural transformations in food systems. |
| Keywords: | Agri-Food System Transformation, Dairy Value Chains, Contractual Innovation, Farmer-led Initiatives |
| Date: | 2025–08–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05489309 |
| By: | Bhandary, Rishikesh Ram; Gallagher, Kevin P.; Zucker-Marques, Maria; Colodenco, Maia; Asef Horno, Florencia |
| Abstract: | Multilateral development banks (MDBs) play a key role in providing developing countries with affordable, long-term finance. In 2024, to help meet development challenges, the G20 agreed on a roadmap to make the MDBs bigger, better and more effective and recommended MDBs conduct resource needs reviews to assess the adequacy of their resources to meet shareholder objectives and shared global challenges. This paper investigates the extent to which MDBs incorporate resource needs into their reviews of capital requirements. We find that MDBs generally do not have rigorous, evidence-based processes in place. Where they exist, the reviews have been ad hoc and focused on preserving the financial robustness of MDBs. Needs assessments exhibit path dependencies reflecting envelopes used in prior rounds. Our analysis is rooted in MDB documents, G20 communiqués, and case studies of MDBs. Forwardlooking resource needs assessments will be crucial to ensure that MDBs have the resources they need to support those objectives. The paper concludes with a set of principles that could govern resource reviews processes. |
| Keywords: | multilateral development banks, G20, development finance, climate finance, development finance institutions |
| JEL: | F33 O19 H81 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iedlwp:336694 |
| By: | Juan Muñoz-Morales (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux]) |
| Abstract: | This study provides evidence that natural disasters negatively affect student outcomes, potentially explaining the lower academic achievement of students in rural areas compared with their urban counterparts in developing countries. Using data from the Colombian school census, I estimate a difference-in-differences strategy that exploits variation from an unusual rainfall shock affecting more than 2 million people in both urban and rural Colombia. The results show that these disruptions increase school dropout rates and reduce learning outcomes for at least a decade. The effects are concentrated in rural schools, while students in urban schools remain unaffected. I explore several mechanisms and rule out the possibility that the effects are driven by selective migration or a loss of educational resources. Instead, I find evidence that the rainfall shock exacerbated poverty, pushing poorer rural children into unemployment and longer work hours. |
| Keywords: | Natural disasters, human capital, education, urban-rural gap, Colombia |
| Date: | 2025–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05495376 |
| By: | Medalla, Jerelyn B.; Orlanes, Glenda T.; Ampoloquio, Ereca P.; Tagas, Precious Dane P. |
| Abstract: | This study examines the economic, structural, and sustainability dimensions of the coffee value chain in Region X (Northern Mindanao), focusing on Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental, emerging centers for Robusta and Arabica production in the Philippines. It highlights coffee's growing significance in the national agenda, as noted in the Philippine Coffee Industry Roadmap, and the rising interest among upland farmers in specialty coffee, value-added processing, and climate-resilient agricultural livelihoods. A mixed-methods design captured the value chain's multifaceted nature and the diverse experiences of industry actors. Quantitative data were collected from 150 coffee farmers through structured surveys, while qualitative insights came from key informant interviews and focus group discussions with cooperative leaders, traders, processors, and local government representatives. These primary data were supplemented by secondary data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), the Department of Agriculture, and studies from the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS). Porter's Value Chain Framework analyzed primary activities—input procurement, farm production, postharvest handling, processing, and marketing—and support functions like extension services, financing, training, infrastructure, and governance. Profitability assessments used standard farm-management indicators, specifically Return on Investment (ROI) and Return on Sales (ROS), to evaluate the economic viability of various coffee products. The findings show that value addition is crucial for farmer profitability. ROI significantly increases when producers engage in drying, hulling, and quality upgrading instead of selling cherries immediately after harvest. Profitability for fresh cherries ranged from 55–60 percent, while dried parchment and hulled beans generated ROI values of 85–95 percent. Arabica green beans had the highest overall profitability (ROI 95%, ROS 40%), demonstrating the premium potential of high-altitude Arabica from Bukidnon. Robusta, especially when processed into dried or hulled forms, also yielded competitive returns, underscoring its commercial relevance in Region X. However, economic gains are hindered by structural constraints, including limited access to certified seedlings, inconsistent drying infrastructure, inadequate mechanization, low cooperative participation, and trader-driven markets with limited transparency. SWOT and TOWS analyses reveal opportunities for upgrading, such as regional branding initiatives, digital traceability systems, farmer clustering, and cooperative consolidation. Risks remain, notably climate variability, aging trees, and price volatility in domestic and international markets. The study concludes that enhancing postharvest systems, strengthening extension and technical services, and establishing unified regional governance are vital for improving the competitiveness and sustainability of the Region X coffee value chain. These recommendations align with the Philippine Coffee Roadmap's goals of increasing productivity, quality, and long-term resilience across the sector. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | coffee value chain, economic analysis, smallholder farmers, sustainability, value-addition |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2026-02 |
| By: | Divya Choudhary (IIM Lucknow - Indian Institute of Management Lucknow); Ajay Kumar (EM - EMLyon Business School); Yeming Gong (EM - EMLyon Business School); Thanos Papadopoulos |
| Abstract: | We perform a multidimensional and integrated investigation of risks associated with circular supply chains (CSC), drawing on Transition Management Theory (TMT). This research focuses on e-waste from the Indian electronics industry, a waste stream with significant recovery potential and one of the fastest-growing in emerging economies. Drawing on TMT, the study (i) institutionalises risk management activities in circular systems to operationalise the transition towards CE; (ii) quantifies CSC risks at operational, tactical, and strategic levels and measure the total risk exposure of CSCs; (iii) comprehensively cogitates the operational, socio-environmental, and financial implications of CSCs risks and (iv) considers uncertainty in operations research (OR) models by applying a fuzzy set theory, evidential reasoning algorithm, and expected utility theory based model to evaluate and profile the CSCs risks. The proposed model contributes to the application of decision analysis and risk analysis approaches in the sustainability domain and can efficiently model uncertain, subjective, and incomplete data. Our findings reveal that customers' reluctance to purchase reprocessed products represents the most critical challenge to the effectiveness of CSCs. Furthermore, contrary to conventional perspectives, organizations are strategically shifting toward adopting circular practices. However, they often lack the practical means and resources to implement these strategies effectively. |
| Keywords: | Circular supply chains, evidential reasoning algorithm (ERA), expected utility theory, risk quantification, transition management theory |
| Date: | 2025–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05489667 |
| By: | Hélène Djoufelkit (AFD - Agence française de développement); Fabio Andres Diaz Pabon |
| Abstract: | Dans ce chapitre, nous allons aborder la relation entre la croissance, la pauvreté et les inégalités en nous appuyant sur le cadre GIP, avant d'examiner les raisons pour lesquelles les modèles de croissance antérieurs n'ont pas été durables d'un point de vue social et environnemental. Le cadre GIP montre que les inégalités sont un élément clé et souligne les raisons pour lesquelles la poursuite de la croissance économique sans tenir compte de la base distributive échouera très probablement à atteindre l'objectif de réduction de la pauvreté. Nous identifions les facteurs qui, en parallèle des inégalités, sont déterminants dans l'absence de viabilité de ces modèles passés, avant de nous pencher enfin sur un certain nombre d'approches alternatives tirées de la littérature sur le développement durable afin d'examiner la manière dont nous pouvons repenser nos modèles actuels de croissance économique et de développement. |
| Keywords: | Modèles de croissance économique, Afrique subsaharienne, Inégalités, Changement climatique, Pauvreté, Développement durable |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05450381 |
| By: | Safiatou Barro (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sophie Legras (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Elsa Martin (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Pesticide resistance is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly worrying. Heavy reliance on pesticides in the agricultural sector is at the core of this problem. In this paper, we analyse how farmers' pest control strategies can reduce pesticide resistance. We show that Integrated Pest Management is effective in limiting the growth of pesticide resistance. However, because one farmer's choices affect those of their neighbours, externalities remain and public policies are needed. We analyse two tax systems where one is polluting input‐oriented and the other is result‐oriented. We derive conditions under which both tax systems lead to socially optimal strategies. We show that a result‐oriented scheme needs less information on farmers' time preferences. |
| Keywords: | Integrated pest management, Pesticide resistance, Public policy, Externality |
| Date: | 2026–01–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05490824 |
| By: | Cazals, Catherine (Toulouse School of Economics); Florens, Jean-Pierre (Toulouse School of Economics); Simar, Léopold (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/ISBA, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | In production theory, a lot of attention has been paid in the literature to the analysis of the effect of environmental variables on the efficiency of firms. The usual and natural way to investigate this issue is to consider conditional frontier models. For nonparametric approaches, this can create serious problems if the number of these potential environmental factors increases, exacerbating the curse of dimensionality characteristic of nonparametric models. In this paper, to address this issue, we investigate whether Single Index Models (SIM) could be used for modeling the effect of these variables on the production process. We propose a test for the SIM hypothesis and analyse the asymptotic properties. If the SIM model is not rejected, we obtain better rates of convergence of the conditional efficiency estimates. The paper investigates, through some Monte-Carlo experiments, the finite sample properties of the proposed test and the properties of the resulting estimates of the SIM when it is not rejected. We illustrate the method with a real data set from the French national postal operator in charge of universal service. |
| Keywords: | Nonparametric conditional frontier ; Single-Index ; Robust frontier ; Environmental variables |
| JEL: | C10 C14 C51 D22 |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aiz:louvad:2025022 |
| By: | Megumi NAOI; Banri ITO; Naoto JINJI |
| Abstract: | We present some of the first evidence on how geopolitics shapes policy preferences of firms from a large-scale firm-level survey and experiment in Japan fielded during Trump’s 2025 tariff negotiations. The experiment varies scenarios of supply-chain disruption of critical goods across different causes (natural disasters vs. geopolitics) and the affected domestic actors (“your firm†vs. “Japanese citizens†) and elicits firms’ preferred policy among diplomatic negotiations, protectionism, and subsidies aimed at promoting diversification and domestic production. We find that geopolitical causes increase support for diplomatic solutions and reduce support for de-risking subsidies relative to the control condition (natural disaster). Contrary to the democratic peace conjecture, businesses support diplomacy regardless of alliance status or whether the disruption originates in the U.S. or China. A small minority (6%) support protectionism, especially when the disruption originates in a non-ally country or China. Overall, Japanese firms are not flag followers. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:26016 |
| By: | Stelzer, Jonathan; Esser, Katharina; Weiskopf, Thorsten; Ardone, Armin; Bertsch, Valentin; Fichtner, Wolf |
| Abstract: | The transition to a net-zero energy system requires large-scale integration of variable renewables, increasing demand for flexibility beyond short-term batteries and seasonal hydrogen. Emerging storage technologies feature cost structures that position them between these options, offering discharge durations of several hours to a few days, here referred to as mid-term storage. However, their economic feasibility depends strongly on their techno-economic parameters and evolving market dynamics. Identifying profitable and robust storage configurations under uncertain future market conditions is therefore crucial to bridge the perspectives of technology developers and investors. We employ the agent-based electricity market model PowerACE, which explicitly represents market participants as interacting decision-making agents. Using mean-reverting stochastic representations of fuel prices and renewable generation, we capture the impact of uncertainties on storage profitability from an individual investor's perspective. The analysis determines the maximum capital expenditure that still yields economically viable storage configurations across relevant combinations of techno-economic parameters. The results reveal that profitability is limited under current cost conditions, as the marginal contribution of storage capacity declines sharply with higher storage durations. At the same time, higher round-trip efficiency not only improves returns but also reduces market risk. Balancing efficiency, costs, and duration is essential for mid-term storage competitiveness, while risk-based assessments can guide robust technology and investment decisions. |
| Keywords: | Energy storage, Electricity markets, Investment risk, Capital expenditure, Storage technology design, Mean-reverting processes |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitiip:336783 |
| By: | David Winkelmann; Theresa Elbracht; Jonas Brenker; Arnold Gerzen |
| Abstract: | Grocery retailers frequently apply price discounts to stimulate demand for expiring perishables. However, integrating these discounted sales into future demand forecasts presents a significant challenge. This study investigates the effectiveness of incorporating a fixed share of these sales as \textit{regular} demand into the forecast, as commonly applied in practice. We employ a two-step regression approach on data from a major European grocery retailer, covering over 1, 700 products across 676 stores. We reveal that forecasts underestimate actual demand for most SKUs when discounted sales occur. This residual uplift effect is significantly influenced by the number of sales at reduced prices. Our findings underscore the necessity for more precise approaches to integrate discounted sales into demand forecasts, thereby preventing excess inventory and the associated economic and environmental impacts of spoilage in the grocery sector. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.04464 |
| By: | Rehmatulla, Nishatabbas; Iyer, Poorvi; Nameghi, Fatemeh Habibi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the measures available to improve operational energy efficiency from the perspective of onboard crew, the barriers associated with implementing those measures and how crew behaviour can be nudged using incentives. A total of 25 semi-structured interviews and subsequent surveys with 42 onboard crew were carried out to gather qualitative information on two main domains: operational efficiency and incentive schemes. In-depth thematic analysis of interviews showed the central and recurring themes such as stakeholder hierarchy, autonomy and accountability, temporal restrictions, profitability and type of charter. Due to the heterogeneity in interview responses on the topic of incentives, online surveys were conducted. The findings of the study show that whilst speed reduction was seen as the single most important measure to optimise, it was also the most difficult to implement in practice due to several barriers. These include contractual obligations, a complex web of accountability and perverse incentives to increase speed. Other measures such as trim–draft optimisation and auxiliary engine load optimisation have smaller efficiency gains but were found to have more potential for increasing implementation through behavioural changes and encouraged through incentives. Both monetary and non-monetary incentives were perceived to be important and going beyond the status quo of incentivising captains so that rewards are shared equitably amongst the crew. Whilst not generalisable, preliminary findings suggest that there is room to consider alternatives to the current approaches on incentives, which do not take advantage of the importance of acknowledgment and recognition, as well as fostering positive interpersonal relationships. |
| Keywords: | shipping; energy efficiency; incentives; nudging; seafarer; behaviour; onboard; operations |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2026–02–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:137283 |
| By: | Denise Polonio |
| Abstract: | Diante do envelhecimento da população global, notadamente no Brasil, onde se observa um aumento constante do número de idosos, o mercado imobiliário precisa evoluir e atender às novas exigências sociais e econômicas. Dados do IBGE revelam que a parcela de brasileiros com 60 anos ou mais deve saltar de 15% em 2020 para cerca de 25% em 2040, evidenciando uma notável transformação demográfica.Tal cenário gera uma carência por moradias que atendam às necessidades específicas dessa faixa etária, que em grande parte são dispendiosas ou carecem de qualidade arquitetônica. Para facilitar o acesso à moradia para essa população, é crucial desenvolver alternativas inovadoras de financiamento. Embora a aposentadoria ofereça uma certa segurança ao financiador, o risco persiste, especialmente em face de imprevistos, como o falecimento do contratante antes da quitação do financiamento. Nesse quadro, instrumentos como seguros de vida e invalidez, garantias imobiliárias e títulos de crédito podem minimizar esses riscos, tornando os empréstimos mais interessantes para os bancos.A implementação de modelos de financiamento customizados, aliada a projetos de construção sustentáveis e acessíveis, em consonância com as normas da ONU e os 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) da Agenda 2030, é indispensável. Tais medidas fomentam moradias seguras, integradoras e ecologicamente responsáveis, abrindo caminho para um futuro mais sustentável e justo para o setor imobiliário brasileiro. |
| Keywords: | aging population; envelhecimento; financiamento imobiliário; inclusão social; real estate financing; Resilience; Resiliência; social inclusion; sustainability; Sustentabilidade |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2025-115 |
| By: | Ruofeng Rao |
| Abstract: | Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) systematically validated hierarchical pathways among multiple factors by constructing a dual framework integrating latent variable measurement and path analysis, utilizing covariance matrices derived from online questionnaires of Wuliangye consumers in Sichuan Province. Statistical analysis quantified path coefficient significance through maximum likelihood estimation, revealing via factor loadings and goodness-of-fit tests that consumer ethnocentrism directly promotes purchase intention, while simultaneously refuting the null hypothesis regarding perceived behavioral control-thus deconstructing the "trigger-transmission" causal chain among variables. Crucially, SEM findings revealed environmental stimuli as the predominant factor, indirectly influencing purchasing behavior through perceived value, contrary to existing literature asserting equal impacts from consumer ethnocentrism, environmental stimuli, and perceived behavioral control. Statistical evidence further demonstrated higher online purchase frequency for premium Wuliangye liquor, aligning with Generation Z's e-commerce preferences. By implementing stricter website-based participant screening than prior studies, this research optimized the analytical model, yielding data-driven strategic recommendations: strengthening e-commerce platforms, enhancing promotional expertise, leveraging cultural localization, and prioritizing premium product development. These actionable insights significantly advance sales optimization strategies for Wuliangye products in Sichuan's dynamic market. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2602.02956 |
| By: | Peralta Quesada, Leda |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este estudio es explorar la pertinencia y la utilidad de los instrumentos de precio del carbono, especialmente los créditos de carbono, como mecanismos de acceso a financiamiento climático para el sector agropecuario en la subregión del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA). Los créditos de carbono tienen el potencial de contribuir a la reducción global de emisiones, tanto mediante una mayor cooperación internacional, como facilitando el acceso a financiamiento, tecnología y conocimientos. Sin embargo, su diseño e implementación requiere de capacidades institucionales sofisticadas y una normativa habilitadora. Además, las reducciones de emisiones no conllevan automáticamente a la emisión de créditos o su comercialización. Ambos retos son considerables para la subregión del SICA, no solo por su capacidad incipiente de usar estos mecanismos, sino también por el reducido tamaño de su sector agropecuario en la escala global y la prevalencia de productores de pequeña escala y autoconsumo. En general, se encontró que los instrumentos de precio al carbono deben ser parte de una estrategia de financiamiento climático, no la sustituyen ni son un fin en sí mismos, sino que deben alinearse con las metas nacionales de reducción de emisiones y la visión de largo plazo de un desarrollo bajo en emisiones. Los datos, la normativa, la gobernanza y las capacidades institucionales necesarias para usar los créditos de carbono pueden tener impactos positivos en la planificación y la territorialización de la gestión agropecuaria. Más allá de permitir el acceso a mercados de carbono, el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales técnicas, operativas, políticas y prospectivas puede mejorar el conocimiento sobre el sector, promover la toma de decisiones y el diseño de programas basados en evidencia, y mejorar la abogacía de la región por una arquitectura financiera más inclusiva. |
| Date: | 2025–12–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:84425 |
| By: | Andréa Barnava |
| Abstract: | Between Q1 2023 and Q3 2025, European ESG funds recorded a resilient performance despite increased volatility in inflows. This trend is also in evidence among French-labelled funds, which are adapting to the requirements of the new SRI label. ESG funds therefore remain an attractive investment despite the prevailing headwinds. <p> Entre le 1er trimestre 2023 et le 3e trimestre 2025, les fonds durables européens affichent des encours résilients malgré une volatilité accrue de la collecte. Une dynamique qui s'observe également sur l’univers des fonds labellisés français, avec l'adaptation aux nouveaux critères du label ISR. Ainsi, la thématique d’investissement ESG conserve son attrait malgré les vents contraires auxquels elle fait face. |
| Date: | 2026–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:econot:432 |
| By: | Ryunosuke GOYUDE; Yuki HIGUCHI; Makiko NAKAMURO; Shinsuke UCHIDA |
| Abstract: | Using panel data on students enrolled in public elementary and junior high schools in Saitama Prefecture, we conduct a comprehensive analysis focusing primarily on the effects of temperature on school non-attendance, while also examining academic achievement, non-cognitive skills, bullying, and violent behavior. The results indicate that an increase in the number of extremely hot and cold days in the previous year leads to an increase in the number of non-attending students per school grade. The rise in school non-attendance is not driven by illness or accidents; rather, anxiety and mood disorders and anxiety emerge as statistically significant contributing factors. Moreover, the increase in non-attendance associated with both high and low temperatures is particularly pronounced among junior high school students. The findings also suggest that the adverse effects of extreme heat may be partially offset by the presence of air conditioning (cooling systems) installed in schools. In contrast, no significant effects of temperature are observed for bullying or violent behavior. Furthermore, despite prior studies reporting negative effects of temperature on academic achievement and non-cognitive skills, no clear effects were observed for these outcomes. These findings suggest that the estimated and non-cognitive effects may be attenuated by an increase in non-attending students who do not participate in achievement tests. |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:26009 |
| By: | Anrriquez Anlauf, D. Serena; Lacaze, María Victoria; Zilio, Mariana I. |
| Abstract: | El agua es un recurso escaso y estratégico, esencial para la vida y las estructuras productivas. Ante una demanda creciente, la gestión sostenible del recurso es crucial para garantizar su disponibilidad futura. Este trabajo pretende avanzar en la discusión conceptual sobre la valoración económica del agua, destacando la centralidad del concepto de escasez y sistematizando elementos que sirvan de base para, en una próxima etapa de investigación, analizar la utilización de los recursos hídricos en los procesos productivos que se llevan a cabo en el Municipio de General Pueyrredon. |
| Keywords: | Valoración Económica; Agua; Estructura Productiva; Partido de General Pueyrredon; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4452 |
| By: | Alejandro Ome; Laura Giles Alvarez; Gerson Javier Pérez-Valbuena; Cristhian Larrahondo |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the impact of natural resource funds (NRF) on municipal fiscal results in Colombia, using an instrumental variable approach. It specifically analyzed the case of the Oil Savings and Stabilization Fund (FAEP). The results suggest that a 1 percent increase in royalty revenue caused a 0.2 percent increase in gross capital formation (GCF) expenses and that this effect was cancelled out by FAEP participation. We also find that neither resource revenue windfalls nor participation in the FAEP had any impact on operating expenses nor on tax revenues, and that resource revenues have had impact on capital expenses other than GCF, but FAEP participation did not. Although we find that FAEP was indeed effective in reining in GFC expenses, the results suggest that other factors, such as subnational fiscal rules, could have had a strong effect on operating and other investment spending. Countries should thus consider a range of instruments to promote fiscal discipline and smooth out spending, including regulation and NRFs, in the face of natural resource revenue windfalls. **** RESUMEN: Este estudio analiza el impacto de los fondos de recursos naturales (FRN) en los resultados fiscales municipales en Colombia utilizando un enfoque de variables instrumentales. En particular, se examinó el caso del Fondo de Ahorro y Estabilización Petrolera (FAEP) de Colombia. Los resultados sugieren que un aumento del 1 por ciento en los ingresos por regalías provocó un incremento del 0, 2 por ciento en los gastos de formación bruta de capital (FBK), y que este efecto fue contrarrestado por la participación en el FAEP. También se encontró que ni los aumentos inesperados en los ingresos por recursos ni la participación en el FAEP tuvieron impacto en los gastos de funcionamiento ni en los ingresos tributarios. Aunque los ingresos por recursos sí afectaron los gastos de capital distintos a la FBK, la participación en el FAEP no lo hizo. Si bien se concluye que el FAEP fue efectivo para contener los gastos en FBK, los resultados sugieren que otros factores —como las reglas fiscales subnacionales— podrían haber tenido un efecto significativo en el gasto operativo y en otras inversiones. Por lo tanto, los países deberían considerar una variedad de instrumentos para fomentar la disciplina fiscal y estabilizar el gasto ante aumentos inesperados en los ingresos provenientes de recursos naturales, incluyendo la regulación y los FRN. |
| Keywords: | natural resource funds, local public finances, instrumental variables, fondos de recursos naturales, finanzas públicas locales, variables instrumentales |
| JEL: | Q32 H72 C36 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:region:339 |
| By: | Wim Naudé (RWTH Aachen University & University of Coimbra, CeBER) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a non-technical and selective explanation of the theory of innovation and economic growth, in light of the 2025 Bank of Sweden Prize in Memory of Alfred Nobel, awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt. Their body of scholarship is critically evaluated, and the useful, less useful, and most problematic aspects are highlighted. The verdict is that it is largely a collection of anthropocentric stories of innovation and growth. It avoids spelling out why sustained growth is desirable, it reduces innovation’s ultimate goal to the pursuit of economic growth, it is based on a deep-seated notion of human exceptionalism, and it promotes directed technical change - based on the assumption that all resources are fungible and can be substituted - as a way to sustain economic growth without causing environmental destruction. Their analysis of growth is useful for highlighting the importance of scientific knowledge, for showing that creative destruction can be more destructive than creative, and that economic growth will only be sustained under very special conditions. However, the failure to satisfactorily address energy in innovation and growth remains a glaring gap in modern economic growth theory. For economics to become more useful, it would require becoming an Earth Systems Science based on biocentric holism. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, economic growth, technology, sustainability, energy |
| JEL: | O31 O33 J11 J24 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gmf:papers:2026-03 |
| By: | Koopmans, Ruud; Meierrieks, Daniel; Tuki, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This article studies the role of environmental and religious factors in the occurrence of pastoralist conflict in Nigeria using panel data at the 0.5 x 0.5ê grid cell level between 1997 and 2020. The empirical analysis provides robust evidence that the occurrence of droughts does not raise the likelihood of pastoralist conflict in those parts of the country where Muslim herders face a largely Muslim sedentary population. However, when there is a potential for interreligious tensions (i.e., in predominantly Christian parts of Nigeria), droughts significantly fuel pastoralist violence. That is, the adverse interaction between droughts and religious cleavages creates particularly potent conditions for the emergence of pastoralist conflict. This interpretation is supported by original survey data collected in 2021, which shows that Christians and Muslims disagree about the participants and causes of pastoralist conflict in Nigeria, again emphasizing the role of religious divides in this conflict. |
| Abstract: | Anhand von Paneldaten auf einem 0, 5ê × 0, 5ê-Raster für die Jahre 1997-2020 untersucht dieser Artikel, welchen Einfluss Umweltfaktoren und Religion auf Konflikte um Weideland in Nigeria haben. Die empirische Analyse liefert robuste Befunde: In Landesteilen, in denen muslimische Viehhirten auf eine überwiegend muslimische sesshafte Bevölkerung treffen, erhöhen Dürren nicht die Wahrscheinlichkeit solcher Konflikte. In Regionen mit potenziellen interreligiösen Spannungen, das heißt in vorwiegend christlichen Teilen Nigerias, begünstigen Dürren hingegen signifikant die Gewalt. Mit anderen Worten schafft die ungünstige Wechselwirkung zwischen Dürren und religiöser Spaltung besonders explosive Bedingungen für das Entstehen von Konflikten um Weideland. Diese Deutung wird durch selbst erhobene Umfragedaten aus dem Jahr 2021 gestützt, die zeigen, dass Christen und Muslime unterschiedliche Auffassungen darüber haben, wer an solchen Konflikten beteiligt ist und welche Ursachen ihnen zugrunde liegen, was die Rolle religiöser Gegensätze in diesem Konflikt erneut betont. |
| Keywords: | Konflikte um Weideland, Dürren, religiöse Gewalt, Nigeria, Fulani, Umfrageergebnisse, pastoralist conflict, droughts, religious violence, Nigeria, Fulani, survey evidence |
| JEL: | D74 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbmit:336794 |
| By: | Muna Shifa (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.) |
| Abstract: | Ce chapitre vise à examiner la migration en Afrique subsaharienne à travers le spectre des inégalités et il explore la manière dont la migration façonne les moyens de subsistance, mais aussi les différents aspects des inégalités qui façonnent la migration tels que les inégalités spatiales, les inégalités de revenus et l'inégalité des chances. |
| Keywords: | Afrique subsaharienne, Inégalités, Changement climatique, Migration |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05448925 |
| By: | Damares Oliveira Marabin |
| Abstract: | O presente artigo analisa criticamente a Quadra Habitarte, empreendimento residencial localizado no Brooklin, em São Paulo, Brasil, como estudo de caso para discutir a morfologia urbana aplicada ao mercado imobiliário contemporâneo. A proposta da quadra como tipologia habitacional resgata conceitos de convivência, sustentabilidade e integração entre espaço coletivo e privado, respondendo a demandas de qualidade de vida em grandes centros urbanos. A pesquisa combina revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e observação direta, articulando referenciais teóricos de autores clássicos como Jane Jacobs, Jan Gehl, Flávio Villaça e Henri Lefebvre. O trabalho busca discutir não apenas os avanços proporcionados pelo projeto, mas também suas contradições e limitações. Além de se consolidar como referência arquitetônica, a Quadra Habitarte foi reconhecida nacional e internacionalmente, recebendo prêmios que reforçam seu status de marco urbano. Ainda assim, permanece restrita ao mercado de alto padrão, o que limita seu impacto social mais amplo. |
| Keywords: | Crítica Urbana; habitação; housing; morfologia urbana; Quadras Residenciais; Residential Blocks; sustainability; Sustentabilidade; Urban Criticism; Urban Morphology |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2025-104 |
| By: | Saadaoui, Jamel; Smyth, Russell; Vespignani, Joaquin L.; Wang, Yitian |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how geopolitical risk affects metal prices and stockpiling when demand is unevenly distributed across end uses. We develop a Theory of Use-Specific Storage Premia, which posits that demand concentration and limited redeployability raise effective storage costs and weaken the stabilizing role of inventories/stockpiling. Using deterioration in United States–China political relations as a shock to forward-looking demand expectations, we estimate price and inventory responses for metals with well-established markets. Broad-use metals exhibit significant price declines and precautionary stockpiling following geopolitical deterioration, while use-specific metals display muted responses. Cross-sectional evidence links these patterns directly to use-specificity. The results imply that traditional stockpiling is structurally less effective for battery-linked critical minerals subject to geopolitical risk. |
| Keywords: | Geopolitical risk; Critical minerals; Inventory and stockpiling; Energy transition; Commodity prices; Use-specific demand |
| JEL: | F52 Q31 Q41 |
| Date: | 2026–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128022 |
| By: | Tijana Ljubisavljević; Aleksandra Vujko; Martina Arsić; Vuk Mirčetić (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Applied Management, Economics and Finance (MEF)) |
| Abstract: | Digital twins are emerging as promising yet underexplored tools for addressing overtourism, sustainability, and governance challenges in tourism. This study assessed their acceptance using a mixed-methods design that combined a large-scale survey of tourists (N = 1286) with semi-structured stakeholder interviews across four Spanish destinations (Barcelona, Málaga, Valencia, and Benidorm). Factor analyses validated a six-dimensional acceptance model comprising trust, usefulness, ease of use, perceived risks, sustainability attitudes, and awareness. The quantitative results demonstrated that trust, usefulness, and ease of use strongly predicted adoption intentions, while risk perceptions negatively influenced acceptance. Sustainability orientations and digital familiarity further enhanced support. Qualitative insights revealed that governance capacity, equity concerns, and readiness critically shaped stakeholder evaluations, highlighting that adoption is mediated not only by individual perceptions but also by local infrastructural and institutional contexts. The study advances technology acceptance theory by integrating sustainability and awareness as domain-specific constructs and by showing how governance dynamics condition adoption across destinations. Practically, it underscores the need for institutional trust, transparent risk management, equitable participation, and alignment with sustainability agendas. While limited to Spanish destinations, the findings offer broader lessons for European cities seeking to embed digital twins in tourism governance. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, governance, destination management, smart tourism, technology acceptance, digital twins, digital twins technology acceptance smart tourism sustainability governance destination management |
| Date: | 2025–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05475496 |
| By: | Nkechi Owoo (University of Cape Town); Muna Shifa (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.); Vimal Ranchhod (University of Cape Town); Mary Zhang |
| Abstract: | Ce chapitre vise à fournir une vue d'ensemble de la nature et de la structure des inégalités spatiales dans l'accès aux services de base en Afrique subsaharienne. L'accent mis sur les services de base tels que l'accès à l'électricité, à l'assainissement et à l'eau potable est justifié, car ceux-ci jouent un rôle clé dans les inégalités observées sur le continent. En outre, ces services servent d'infrastructure de base tout au long de la vie des individus, et ont des conséquences pour la santé, l'éducation et l'emploi (c'est-à-dire la participation à l'économie). |
| Keywords: | Inégalités spatiales, Infrastuctures, Afrique subsaharienne, Inégalités, Pauvreté, Développement durable, Education, Santé |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05448821 |
| By: | Lundquist, Kathryn |
| Abstract: | With growing consumer concerns about the environmental and social impacts of their purchases, some multinational corporations (MNCs) have begun publishing lists of their first-tier and other upstream suppliers with varying levels of detail and analysis in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports to increase transparency. Going beyond traditionally used national and international inputoutput datasets, this paper presents a novel dataset and analyzes characteristics of actual global value chain (GVC) participating factories. Drawing from CSR reports of twenty multinationals identified using the Forbes 2000 list of publicly traded MNCs and covering over 10, 000 supplying factories in the apparel, accessories, and footwear sectors, it develops summary statistics on supplier location, factory size, and employee gender distribution. The insights offered provide a description of participation in MNC supply chains by firm size, income level, and workforce gender composition- firm-level characteristics that are generally unavailable in official statistics and often accessible only behind paywalls of private information and analytics providers. |
| Keywords: | Multinational Corporations (MNCs), Supplier Transparency, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Reporting, Global Value Chains (GVCs), MSMEs, Supply Chain Disclosure, SMEs |
| JEL: | F23 L25 M14 J16 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:336786 |
| By: | Muna Shifa (Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.); Richmond Atta Ankomah (Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, Ghana.); Samuel Kipruto |
| Abstract: | Ce chapitre présente certains des principaux défis auxquels nous sommes confrontés dans l'analyse des inégalités en Afrique subsaharienne, ainsi que les approches adoptées pour y répondre. |
| Keywords: | Aide au développement, Indice de développement humain, Données, Objectifs de développement durable, Inégalités, Afrique subsaharienne |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05430186 |
| By: | Neerbewendé Abdoul Rachid Pafadnam |
| Abstract: | The need for developing countries to increase their domestic revenue has always been relevant, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which weakened their public finances. This paper analyses the dynamic treatment effects of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) implementation on resource revenue mobilization. We use a sample of 83 developing countries from 1995 to 2019, and our empirical strategy relies on the recent dynamic heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences estimator. |
| Keywords: | Taxation, Natural resources, Extractive industries, Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, Transparency, Resource revenues, Political economy |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2026-8 |
| By: | Vincent Pradier Goeting (LAB IAE Paris - Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Date: | 2025–05–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05460730 |
| By: | Glathoud, Romain |
| Abstract: | This study aims to identify strategies for the development of agritourism in the Gauja bioregion (surrounding the national park of the same name, in Latvia), in order to better valorize both economically and socially the local productions, particularly through short supply chains, in the face of the decline of typical agriculture threatened by land pressure, lack of generational renewal, dependence on imported inputs, and market difficulties. This study is an exploratory study during which 27 stakeholders of the bioregional agritourism system were interviewed through hybrid interviews. These interviews made it possible to identify an assortment of barriers and drivers that manifest at several levels: at the level of the agritourism system in general, at the level of intra-bioregional dynamics, and at the level of the local product itself. These barriers and drivers, combined with the expectations of the interviewed stakeholders, led to the proposal of 3 strategies to develop this agritourism: clearly defining the agritourism system to make it an attractive and coherent tourist destination, establishing governance to structure this system and encourage the development of initiatives, and taking into account sustainability constraints to ensure the long-term continuation of this agritourism system. |
| Date: | 2025–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:nf3re_v1 |
| By: | Kubitza, Christian; Oehmke, Martin |
| Abstract: | Central clearing counterparties (CCPs) manage counterparty risk by requiring clearing members to post margins. This paper explores the role of margins as “canaries in the coal mine:” By inducing defaults of fragile counterparties before contract maturity, margin calls enable CCPs to transfer these contracts to other counterparties, thereby preserving risk sharing. Our model reveals a pecking order of CCP risk management tools. When fragility is low, loss sharing among original counterparties suffices. When fragility is high, such that defaults at contract maturity would trigger cascading failures among clearing members, the CCP optimally complements loss sharing with margins. It is optimal to use margins as canaries when the balance sheets of fragile counterparties are severely impaired. Our findings highlight the complementary nature of CCP risk management tools: margins, loss sharing, and counterparty replacement. JEL Classification: G22, G23, D82 |
| Keywords: | central clearing counterparties (CCPs), counterparty replacement, counterparty risk, margin requirements, risk sharing |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20263187 |
| By: | Lala Bonnet (Université de Lille) |
| Keywords: | économie de la fonctionnalité, performance environnementale |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05494648 |
| By: | Rabah Arezki; Grégoire Rota-Graziosi |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the economic consequences of (taxing) power fragmentation using both theory and data. We first formalize tax policy as the result of interministerial competition where the Minister of Finance ('Guardian') and the Minister of Mines ('Spender') have distinct objective functions, whereby the former attempts to stop the latter from extending tax incentives to attract investment in the sector. |
| Keywords: | Institutions, Tax policy, Resource curse |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2026-7 |