|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Mele, Marco; Costantiello, Alberto; Anobile, Fabio; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the structural, environmental, and climatic factors influencing carbon dioxide emissions from the building sector (CBE) in 27 European Union member states from 2005 to 2023. This analysis uses panel data from the World Bank and four econometric models—Random Effects, Fixed Effects, Dynamic Panel GMM, and Weighted Least Squares—coupled with machine learning and clustering to provide a robust analysis of emissions. The econometric models show that all models support a negative relationship between agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added (AFFV) and forest area (FRST), suggesting that a robust rural economy and substantial natural carbon sinks are accompanied by lower emissions in the building sector. On the other hand, water stress (WSTR), PM2.5 pollution, heating and cooling degree days, and nitrous oxide emissions (N2OP) are found to significantly, yet positively, affect CBE. Tests of diagnostic analyses support Fixed Effects and Weighted Least Squares models, whereas results from GMM models are limited by instrument validity violations. In machine learning analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) models are found to be most diagnostic, with all performance metrics being improved, establishing a prominent role for coal electricity, water stress, agricultural intensities, and climatic factors. Subsequently, a solution with 10 clusters, selected using Bayesian Information Criteria and silhouettes, identified a set of environmental and economic characteristics based on differences between low- and high-emission groups. High-emitting groups result from agricultural intensification, pollution, and low energy efficiency, while low-emitting groups are associated with renewable energy, low pollution, and a favorable climate. This analysis, hence, presents a multifaceted assessment of building sector emissions, with climatic, structural, and energy transition patterns as driving factors for meeting decarbonization targets for the European Union. |
| Keywords: | Building-sector carbon emissions; Panel data econometrics; Machine learning prediction; Environmental and climatic drivers; Cluster analysis |
| JEL: | C3 C33 C38 Q41 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–12–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127321 |
| By: | Ling, Kai; Won, Sunjae |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360793 |
| By: | Wachter, Charlotte |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360801 |
| By: | Wachter, Charlotte |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361157 |
| By: | Ganapathi, Hamsa |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361108 |
| By: | McDougall, R. A. |
| Abstract: | A feature of recent policy discussion both in Australia and overseas has been a heightened interest in energy taxes and fuel taxes of various kinds. These taxes have been advocated on various grounds, notably their role in discouraging greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, at least in Australia, greenhouse policy discussion has been redirected more towards small-scale sector-specific interventions, and away from economy-wide measures such as a carbon tax. In this context it becomes of interest to ask, how effective might an energy tax be in reducing carbon emissions? Here we use the term energy tax to mean fossil fuel taxes excluding carbon taxes. A carbon tax is levied on carbon dioxide emissions or some closely related basis, while an energy tax is levied on some other basis such as energy content. The paper presents simulation results designed to address these questions. The simulations are performed using the ORANI model of the Australian economy, in a version containing several energy-specific enhancements. These include greater detail on energy production and use in the database, and a wider range of substitution possibilities in energy production and use in the theoretical structure. The database enhancements include extensive disaggregation of the two largest parts of the energy sector, fossil fuels and electricity. The theoretical developments cover substitution between energy and capital, between different sources of energy, between different techniques of generating electricity, and between different modes of transport. We fmd that a broad-based energy tax would be comparable in effectiveness to a carbon tax in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This is because like the carbon tax it would bear heavily on the cheaper fossil fuels and would induce emission abatement through fuel switching. Taxes such as a petroleum products tax which excluded the cheaper fossil fuels would be much less effective. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:copspp:266366 |
| By: | Thomas Stoerk (National Bank of Belgium, Research Department) |
| Abstract: | The Paris Agreement is designed to increase climate ambition gradually through a process of ratcheting up. What is the plausible endpoint of this process? We develop a tractable integrated assessment model in which countries interact through a decentralized general equilibrium and negotiate unanimously over a global carbon budget, with all mitigation implemented via a global carbon price. We prove existence and uniqueness of a unanimous international agreement on global emissions, in which carbon pricing revenues are redistributed across countries in proportion to marginal climate damages. In a quantitative application for 154 countries, the resulting equilibrium limits global mean surface temperature change to 1.51C, at a carbon price of 320 USD/tCO2. The associated international transfers of carbon pricing revenue are progressive toward lower-income countries and amount to about 0.8% of global GDP annually - an order of magnitude larger than the Paris Agreement’s climate finance target. |
| Keywords: | Paris Agreement, climate policy, international environmental agreement, climate economics. |
| JEL: | F35 F53 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202601-486 |
| By: | Minhaj Mahmud (Asian Development Bank); Yujie Zhang (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the interplay between extreme temperatures and air pollution risks, the geographic and temporal distribution, as well as the population burden of climate shocks in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam—countries severely impacted by climate change. Using ERA5-HEAT temperature data and PM2.5 pollution data, we first identify “hotspots” within and across the countries by analyzing district level trends in heat stress and pollution exposure. We further explore the correlation between temperature and pollution shocks. Finally, jointly considering the spatial distribution of populations and key climate and pollution hazards, we highlight the most vulnerable groups with population weighted exposure measures. Our findings reveal distinct country-specific patterns in both the correlation between heat stress and air pollution risk, and the population exposure to the hazards across demographic profiles. These results emphasize targeted policies to mitigate the compounded effects of climate and air pollution hazards on vulnerable populations across Asia. |
| Keywords: | heat;air pollution;climate change;Asia;population exposure |
| JEL: | J10 Q53 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:022144 |
| By: | Rizwan, Noormah |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360775 |
| By: | Leach, Colton |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360779 |
| By: | Liu, Jing |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360728 |
| By: | Fang, Ming |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360788 |
| By: | Kee-Tui, Emil |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360743 |
| By: | Liu, Fengqi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360798 |
| By: | Raifu, Isiaka; Airohi-alikor, Priscilla |
| Abstract: | This study used JKS Granger non-causality and 3SLS to examine causal interactions among tourism arrivals, environmental pollution and health outcomes in Africa. The causality results revealed a Granger-caused relationship between tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, and health outcomes. The 3SLS results indicated that tourism is positively linked with health outcomes and environmental pollution, while tourism and health outcomes are also positively related to environmental pollution. Our findings suggest that the government should prioritise sustainable tourism. |
| Keywords: | tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, health outcomes |
| JEL: | I00 L83 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127414 |
| By: | Hadda, kilani; Mohamed, Ben AMAR |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the dynamic relationships between agricultural productivity, green energy adoption, governance quality, and environmental degradation in BRICS economies over the period 2002–2023. Using a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach, complemented by FMOLS and CCR robustness estimators, the results show that agricultural productivity significantly increases long-run environmental pollution, reflecting the environmental cost of agricultural intensification. In contrast, green energy adoption and governance quality exert strong and consistent pollution-mitigating effects, underscoring their central role in promoting environmental sustainability. Overall, the findings emphasize that long-run structural factors dominate environmental outcomes in emerging agricultural economies. The study provides policy-relevant insights for advancing low-carbon and sustainable agricultural development in BRICS countries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental pollution- Agricultural productivity- - Green innovation- PMG -BRICS |
| JEL: | Q18 Q28 Q47 |
| Date: | 2025–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127353 |
| By: | Alexander Reentovich (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | The phenomenon of the ‘Green Paradox’ has been widely discussed in the climate economics literature for the last 15 years. The term refers to a situation in which a well-intended climate policy leads to adverse results, such as a rise in greenhouse gas emissions. The emergence of the paradox is usually attributed to the exhaustibility of fossil fuels: firms extracting these resources seek to equalise the present value of resource rents in each time period, so, anticipating future tax increases, they increase current production. On the other hand, if the productivity growth in the green sectors is driven by learning-by-doing, the Green Paradox does not emerge. In this paper, I show that the Green Paradox may arise as a consequence of an ex ante optimal policy in the absence of exhaustible resources if technological change in the clean sector is subject to uncertainty. That is, if the true speed of technological progress is an unknown parameter, economic agents have to form their expectations regarding future technological development with the help of Bayes’ rule and make their decisions accordingly. If the market expects (a priori) the demand for dirty capital to shrink more rapidly due to technological progress than policymakers do, the latter must cut carbon taxes or even subsidize investment in dirty capital to avoid underinvestment in this type of capital and, consequently, the underproduction of energy in the present. If the flow of subsidies is persistent enough, CO2 emissions may rise. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Bayesian learning, Green Paradox, Learning-by-doing, heterogeneous beliefs |
| JEL: | D81 D83 D84 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps133 |
| By: | Svetlana Popova (Bank of Russia, HSE University, Russian Federation); Natalia Turdyeva (Bank of Russia, Russian Federation) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses how Russian banks incorporate environmental and climate factors into corporate loan pricing. Our findings suggest that, in the absence of any regulation of †green†finance in Russia, banks do not take into account the impact of borrowers on the environment when setting interest rates. While Russian banks impose markups on interest rates for loans to more polluting firms, those markups are economically insignificant. The largest markups are observed among large private domestic banks, while state-owned banks impose the lowest. Specifically, the interest rate on loans from large private domestic banks to highly-polluting firms is only 0.04–0.07 percentage points higher than that for ’green’ firms. These minimal differences in loan pricing indicate that under the current regulations, Russian banks do not significantly differentiate lending terms between ’green’ companies and others. We examine the heterogeneity of the price setting across different bank groups — state- owned, foreign-owned, or privately-held banks — considering the intensity of CO2 emissions at the industry and firm level, as well as firms’ export status. For the analysis, we exploit unique monthly loan-level data provided by the Central Bank of Russia’s credit register, covering the period from 2017 to 2022, along with firm-level data on environmental fees for pollution of air, water and waste disposal. |
| Keywords: | Corporate loan pricing, credit register, Russian banks, loan-level data, †brown†companies, †green†companies, environmental fees, pollution, state-owned banks, export |
| JEL: | G21 G28 Q56 D22 E43 L51 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bkr:wpaper:wps143 |
| By: | Laura Novienyo Abla Amoah (Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Coastal communities in South Africa’s Eastern Cape encounter complex socioenvironmental challenges, including declining fisheries, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic marginalisation. This paper explores the role of alternative livelihoods to enhance Blue Justice, ensuring equitable access to marine resources while promoting sustainable coastal development. By drawing on interdisciplinary literature and conceptual frameworks that link socioecological resilience, environmental justice, and coastal governance, the study examines how diversified economic activities, such as ecotourism, aquaculture, and small-scale coastal enterprises, can help address vulnerabilities in local communities. The analysis highlights the tensions between conservation imperatives, state policies, and local resource dependence, emphasising the critical role of participatory governance and community-led initiatives. By situating alternative livelihoods within a justice-oriented framework, the paper argues that achieving sustainable coastal futures requires integrating socio-economic empowerment with environmental stewardship. This conceptual exploration offers policy-relevant insights for governments, NGOs, and practitioners aiming to balance ecological sustainability and social equity in coastal regions. The findings underscore the need for context-sensitive interventions that recognise historical marginalisation, local knowledge systems, and the agency of coastal communities. |
| Keywords: | Alternative Livelihoods, Blue Justice, Coastal Communities, Coastal Governance, Eastern Cape |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0589 |
| By: | Antoine Dechezleprêtre (CERNA i3 - Centre d'économie industrielle i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adrien Fabre (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]); Tobias Kruse (OCDE / OECD - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development); Bluebery Planterose (EU Tax - EU Tax Observatory); Ana Sanchez Chico (OCDE / OECD - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development); Stefanie Stantcheva (Department of Economics, Harvard University - Harvard University, NBER - National Bureau of Economic Research [New York] - NBER - The National Bureau of Economic Research, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores global perceptions and understanding of climate change and policies, examining factors that influence support for climate action and the impact of different types of information. We conduct large-scale surveys with 40, 000 respondents from 20 countries, providing new international data on attitudes toward climate change and respondents' socioeconomic backgrounds and lifestyles. We identify three key perceptions affecting policy support: perceived effectiveness of policies in reducing emissions, their impact on low-income households, and their effect on respondents' households (self-interest). Educational videos clarifying policy mechanisms increase support for climate policies; those merely highlighting climate change's impacts do not. (JEL C83, D83, D91, Q54, Q58) |
| Keywords: | experiment, green energy, carbon tax, climate policies, Climate change |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05459604 |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (Omnes Education Group, International University of Monaco, Economics and Finance Department, Monaco) |
| Abstract: | About a decade ago, a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework was developed to reconceptualize climate change not merely as an environmental externality but as a systemic governance challenge (Puaschunder, 2020). A macroeconomic model was brought forward that showed that climate change produces not only economic losses, but also unevenly distributed climaterelated gains. The potential benefits from a warming earth were found in warming earth temperatures, leading to productivity gains in countries with low mean temperatures and high-temperature productivity sectors. Outlining the differences between climate-related economic gains and losses was driven by ethical considerations to lead on redistributing expected economic gains of climate change. Global warming related economic gains were advocated to be partially spread around the world to those areas that will be losing from climate change the earliest and most. The overall theme of using climate change-related economic benefits to offset climate change-related losses was grounded in core notions of justice, foresight and intergenerational responsibility. Within a long intellectual tradition of welfare economics, distributive justice and institutional governance, heterodox economics was thereby meant to avert irreversible lock-ins and ecological tipping points. The second edition of the book that introduced climate change-related economic gains and losses now argues for the wealth of nature that can be analytically measured. Natural systems generate productivity, stability and welfare, yet remain underpriced or excluded from economic accounting. The book emphasizes the importance of cartographing expected economic gains and losses from global warming. This article now brings forward a further argument that “wealth of nature†not only brings trade-related advantages and financial market prospects – having natural resources and a favorable climate may also impose geopolitical risks and tensions in a fragile world. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Climate Justice, Sustainable Development, Wealth of Nature |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0625 |
| By: | Giulio Valerio Corbelli (Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the academic literature on sustainable startups, mapping the evolution, structure, and thematic orientation of the field in the decade following the introduction of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a dataset of 984 peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus between 2015 and 2025, the analysis combines descriptive indicators with network-based techniques, including co-citation, co-authorship, and keyword co-occurrence analyses. The results reveal a sharp and sustained growth in scholarly attention to sustainable startups, accompanied by increasing geographic diversification and interdisciplinary engagement within the social sciences. While publication output is concentrated in a limited number of countries and journals—most notably sustainability-oriented and energy-focused outlets—the intellectual structure of the field is organized around six main thematic clusters, spanning entrepreneurial ecosystems, eco-innovation and circular economy, sustainable business models, digitalization, energy and climate change, and social responsibility. A small number of highly influential authors and research groups play a central bridging role, facilitating knowledge diffusion across otherwise fragmented research streams. Beyond documenting publication trends, this bibliometric mapping clarifies the conceptual boundaries of sustainable startup research and highlights persistent gaps, particularly the limited integration of sustainability-oriented startups into core entrepreneurship theory and the lack of standardized approaches to measuring environmental and social impact. By explicitly acknowledging the trade-offs inherent in bibliometric indicators— especially with respect to journal reputation and non-measurable qualitative dimensions—this study positions bibliometrics as a complementary tool for framing and contextualizing empirical research rather than as a normative evaluation of scientific quality. Overall, the findings depict a rapidly maturing research field in which sustainable startups are increasingly recognized as key agents of systemic transition, linking innovation, entrepreneurship, and sustainability. The study offers a structured and replicable overview that informs future theoretical development and empirical investigation in sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable startups; Sustainable entrepreneurship; Bibliometric analysis; Circular economy; Sustainable business models; Innovation; SDGs |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0226 |
| By: | Thais Diniz Oliveira (Food Systems and Global Change, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA); Paula Pereda (Dept. of Economics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); Ademir Rocha (Dept. of Economics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil); Samuel Bicego (Dept. of Economics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil); Ana Clara Duran (NEPA, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil) |
| Abstract: | Carbon footprints have emerged as a key measure of anthropogenic pressure on the environment and are crucial for designing mitigation policies. However, obtaining an accurate assessment of these footprints requires accounting for the full range of emission sources and the regional variability embedded in production and consumption chains. To address these important issues, we quantify the carbon footprints of Brazilian households by combining multiple datasets and methodologies. We account for all major emission sources in Brazil (land-use change, agriculture and livestock, energy, industry, and waste) using a state-level multi-regional input–output (MRIO) framework integrated with household consumption microdata. Our analysis reveals that food, housing, and transport are the dominant drivers of per capita emissions among Brazilian households, with beef and dairy products emerging as key contributors within food consumption. Emissions increase sharply with income, shifting from food-related emissions in lower-income households to transport, housing, and services in wealthier ones. These results highlight the need for integrated climate policies that account for the full spectrum of emission sources while addressing regional disparities and income-related heterogeneity in emissions patterns. |
| Keywords: | Carbon footprints; Brazil; Region-specific; Emissions sources; Sustainability; Multi-regional input-output (MRIO) |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:nereus:022143 |
| By: | Lukas Vashold; Gustav Pirich; Maximilian Heinze; Nikolas Kuschnig |
| Abstract: | Mining operations in Africa are expanding rapidly, creating negative externalities that remain poorly understood. In this paper, we provide causal evidence for the impact of water pollution from mines on downstream vegetation and agriculture across the continent. We exploit discontinuities in water pollution caused by mines along river networks to compare vegetation health upstream and downstream. We find that mines significantly reduce peak vegetation downstream, impairing the productivity of croplands. These effects correspond to substantial crop losses and highlight the environmental and agricultural externalities of mining activity. |
| Keywords: | mining, agriculture, water pollution, vegetation, externality, natural resources |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msh:ebswps:2025-9 |
| By: | Leonardo Viotti; Luis Diego Herrera; Garo Batmanian; Franck Berthe; Rachael Kramp |
| Abstract: | Diseases originating from wildlife pose a significant threat to global health, causing human and economic losses each year. The transmission of disease from animals to humans occurs at the interface between humans, livestock, and wildlife reservoirs, influenced by abiotic factors and ecological mechanisms. Although evidence suggests that intact ecosystems can reduce transmission, disease prevention has largely been neglected in conservation efforts and remains underfunded compared to mitigation. A major constraint is the lack of reliable, spatially explicit information to guide efforts effectively. Given the increasing rate of new disease emergence, accelerated by climate change and biodiversity loss, identifying priority areas for mitigating the risk of disease transmission is more crucial than ever. We present new high-resolution (1 km) maps of priority areas for targeted ecological countermeasures aimed at reducing the likelihood of zoonotic spillover, along with a methodology adaptable to local contexts. Our study compiles data on well-documented risk factors, protection status, forest restoration potential, and opportunity cost of the land to map areas with high potential for cost-effective interventions. We identify low-cost priority areas across 50 countries, including 277, 000 km2 where environmental restoration could mitigate the risk of zoonotic spillover and 198, 000 km2 where preventing deforestation could do the same, 95% of which are not currently under protection. The resulting layers, covering tropical regions globally, are freely available alongside an interactive no-code platform that allows users to adjust parameters and identify priority areas at multiple scales. Ecological countermeasures can be a cost-effective strategy for reducing the emergence of new pathogens; however, our study highlights the extent to which current conservation efforts fall short of this goal. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.13349 |
| By: | Brian P. Hanley (Butterfly Sciences); Pieter Tans (Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado Boulder); Edward A. G. Schuur (Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University); Geoffrey Gardiner (London Institute of Banking and Finance); Adam Smith (Climate Central) |
| Abstract: | Despite well-meaning scenarios that propose global CO2 emissions will decline presented in every IPCC report since 1988, the trend of global CO2 increase continues without significant change. Even if any individual nation manages to flatten its emissions, what matters is the trajectory of the globe. Together the gulf between climate science and climate economics, plus the urgent need for alternative methods of estimation, provided the incentives for development of our Ocean-Heat-Content (OHC) Physics and Time Macro Economic Model (OPTiMEM) system. To link NOAA damages to climate required creating a carbon consumption model to drive a physics model of climate. How fast could carbon be burned and how much coal, oil and natural gas was reasonably available? A carbon model driving climate meant burning the carbon, and modelling how the earth heated up. We developed this using the most recent best greenhouse gas equations and production models for CO2, CH4, N2O, and halogenated gases. This developed an ocean heat content model for the globe. Each step is validated against Known carbon consumption, CO2, temperature, and ocean heat content. This allows a physics founded model of climate costs to be projected. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.06085 |
| By: | Halkos, George (University of Thessaly); Zisiadou, Argyro |
| Abstract: | The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a widely recognized tool developed by Yale University and Columbia University, in partnership with the World Economic Forum, to assess countries' environmental performance using 58 performance indicators across 11 issue categories. The EPI provides a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating environmental health, ecosystem vitality and climate change. Greece, as a member of the European Union (EU), operates within a complex regulatory framework aimed at promoting sustainable development. Greece's performance in the EPI reflects both its environmental policy efforts and its exposure to regional challenges such as air pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate-related risks. In recent years, Greece has demonstrated progress in areas such as renewable energy development and climate change mitigation, although issues like waste management and air quality continue to require focused policy intervention. Analyzing Greece’s EPI score offers valuable insights into its environmental priorities and the effectiveness of national strategies aimed at promoting sustainability and resilience. |
| Date: | 2026–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:egchs_v1 |
| By: | Inam, Munib; Buck, Steven |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360795 |
| By: | Sarkar, Sampriti; Lupi, Frank |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360741 |
| By: | Chen, Tzu-Hui |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360745 |
| By: | Thibault Deletombe |
| Abstract: | The Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) promotes non-price criteria in renewable auctions. It aims to unlock green willingness-to-pay and scale up manufacturing capacity for net-zero technologies in the European Union (EU). This paper builds a partial equilibrium model of the European solar module sector and investigates how renewable auction design impacts solar photo- voltaic (PV) manufacturing. First, a formal analysis evaluates the complementarities between the different non-price criteria. Most notably, we find that if local manufacturing development is aligned with climate goals, then non-price criteria in solar auctions do not necessarily increase costs to consumers. Then, a numerical simulation estimates solar module production in 2030 based on NZIA targets, considering various degrees of market integration within the EU. The results show that market fragmentation can inhibit economies of scale and thus increase solar PV manufacturing costs by €2 billion per year. The development of a common framework for the implementation of non-price criteria at the country level is a no-regret solution. Leveraging the common European market with an integrated policy approach represents the first-best strategy. Forming coalitions of willing Member States is a second-best strategy that can significantly reduce fragmentation costs. |
| Keywords: | renewable auction, non-price criteria, market integration, photovoltaics, solar modules |
| JEL: | L51 L52 L60 Q27 Q40 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2153 |
| By: | Nwaobi, Godwin |
| Abstract: | After decade of aspiring to fulfill sustainability ambitions, we are still facing a polycrisis of complex and intertwined global economic, social and environmental challenges. Specifically, climate – related challenges (stemming from both acute and chronic risks) are responsible for a series of macroeconomic shocks which (by inducing economic disruptions and fiscal pressures) directly affect a country’s fiscal space and debt sustainability. Consequently, Global Vulnerable Countries (GVCs) will have to face higher borrowing needs and costs which can result in heightened refinancing risks and fiscal space reduction. Regrettably, this will result in fewer resources being available to fund adaptation and mitigation policies to reduce potential climate vulnerabilities. In fact, this also increases the probability of default of the GVCs and can feed into the climate Crisis – Sovereign Debt Doom Cycle. Therefore, this paper argued that Debt for – Climate – Swaps (DFCS) could unlock direct funding for climate – related spending to break the negative cycle. Fundamentally, DFCS can free up fiscal space beyond the direct savings generated by the debt swap by enhancing governments’ repayment capacity is well as lowering borrowing costs often linked to debt distress situation. However, policy action at both global and national levels is needed to foster a more favorable external environment as well as enhancing macroeconomic stability with reduced structural constraints to accelerate long term growth and development of those vulnerable countries. In other words, for these actions, global coordination and cooperation will be critical and useful. |
| Keywords: | Debt, Sustainability, Climate Change, Climate finance, Vulnerability, Green Swaps, Debt Swaps, Poverty, Polycrisis, environment, development. |
| JEL: | F30 F31 F32 F33 F34 F35 G0 G15 Q0 Q5 Q50 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–11–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126894 |
| By: | Dinterman, Robert |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361121 |
| By: | Martin Richardson (Research School of Economics, The Australian National University, Canberra); Frank Stahler (School of Business and Economics, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany); Halis Murat Yildiz (Department of Economics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada); |
| Abstract: | We identify a condition in a general equilibrium model of trade with tariff bindings under which a customs union (CU) can design a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) that induces other countries to adopt the CU's carbon tax. Trade liberalization makes this easier and so would help the CU `export' its climate policies. We then show that, in an inter-industry, perfectly competitive framework with competing exporters, the optimal carbon tax is lower when the CU maximizes CU welfare than if it were to maximize global welfare. Furthermore, the CU optimally raises its tariff threat via CBAM by less than the difference in member and non-member environmental taxes. By contrast, in an intra-industry oligopoly model of trade with profit shifting incentives, we find the opposite result, with a "penalty" tariff threat that exceeds the difference in carbon taxes. |
| Keywords: | Tariff Binding, Carbon Leakage, Climate Change, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, European Union |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rye:wpaper:wp098 |
| By: | Anderson, Thomas M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360787 |
| By: | Marcus Vinicius de Freitas |
| Abstract: | China's ascent to the position of the world's most prominent energy consumer has altered global energy markets and fundamentally reshaped the geopolitics of energy security. As China navigates the complexities of sustaining its economic momentum, ensuring access to reliable, affordable, and diversified energy sources has become an existential imperative, intricately woven into its foreign policy strategy. In parallel, Africa's immense wealth of both conventional and renewable resources, coupled with its drive toward industrialization and sustainable development, presents a remarkable opportunity for a transformative partnership. This Policy Paper explores the strategic intersection between China's energy imperatives and Africa's developmental aspirations. It argues for a relational cooperation model that transcends a narrow transactional approach, and champions an inclusive, sustainable, and future-oriented partnership. Historically characterized by overseas investments in oilfields, critical infrastructure, and renewable energy projects, China's engagement is examined against Africa's chronic energy poverty and industrialization needs. China can enhance its energy security and gain access to Africa's abundant energy resources. At the same time, Africa can accelerate its progress towards the goals enshrined in Agenda 2063, improve its energy infrastructure, and boost its industrialization. However, the partnership is not without significant risks. Issues of debt sustainability, environmental and social governance, and political instability threaten to undermine the transformational potential of China–Africa energy cooperation. Accordingly, this Policy Paper stresses the imperative for transparent, inclusive, and sustainable modes of engagement, advocating for stronger environmental stewardship, enhanced local capacity-building, and greater alignment with Africa's regional integration agendas. This emphasis on transparency and sustainability is crucial to building confidence in the partnership. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_27-25 |
| By: | Hafez Ghanem |
| Abstract: | Africa today has only one real climate priority: adaptation. Africa should still push the rich countries of the Global North to cut emissions. But Africa should not have any illusions. Past mitigation efforts have had some positive effects but have not been sufficient to stay on track with the targets of the Paris Agreement. There is no reason to believe that future efforts will fare any better. Political developments in the United States and Europe do not augur well for global mitigation efforts. Emissions will most likely remain stable or even increase a little, which means that temperatures will probably continue to rise to nearly 3 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels by the end of the century. Africa must be prepared for this eventuality. It would be irresponsible not to start preparing now for the worst-case climate scenario. This does not mean that Africa should accept the failure of rich countries to mitigate climate change. It must continue to point out their role in creating the climate crisis and to demand justice. Countries of the North have a moral duty to support adaptation efforts in Africa. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb60_25 |
| By: | Annabel Noor Asyah; Viona Gunawan; M. Sulton Mawardi; Thalita Aurellia Alfiansyah; Mutiara Shafa Sabita; Jonathan Farez Satyadharma |
| Keywords: | institutions, vulnerability, urban, climate crisis, community-based solutions |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agg:wpaper:4471 |
| By: | Schydlowsky, Daniel M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cladsp:262868 |
| By: | Zhu, Kunxin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360760 |
| By: | Nam, Hosung; Landry, Craig E. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360800 |
| By: | Hirschbuehl Dominik (European Commission - JRC); Ceglar Andrej; Cojoianu Theodor; Emambakhsh Tina; Qi Yifan; Rho Caterina (European Commission - JRC); Hu Elsie; Petracco Marco (European Commission - JRC); Biganzoli Fabrizio; De Jager Alfred (European Commission - JRC); Garcia Herrero Laura (European Commission - JRC); Mandrici Andrea; Pasqua Carlo |
| Abstract: | This study examines how euro area banks factor pollution-induced biodiversity risks into lending decisions, using data from 832 banks and 5, 000 major polluters. Our results show that banks are increasingly pricing these risks by adjusting loan-to-value ratios and interest rates. Banks adjust lending conditions in line with EU pollution and biodiversity protection legislation, particularly for companies with large pollution footprints near biodiversity-protected areas or those contributing to Environmental Quality Standards failures of downstream surface waters. The former is driven primarily by banks' adoption of biodiversity policies and public commitments to the Equator Principles, while the latter is a result of regulatory risks. Our findings inform financial supervisors on how banks manage risks associated with the EU's zero pollution ambition, shed light on the interplay between biodiversity protection legislation and banks' lending decisions, and offer actionable guidance on leveraging existing regulatory frameworks to address the climate-biodiversity-pollution nexus. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202510 |
| By: | Hansjoerg Albrecher; Nora Muler |
| Abstract: | Achieving net-zero carbon emissions requires a transformation of energy systems, industrial processes, and consumption patterns. In particular, a transition towards that goal involves a gradual reduction of excess carbon emissions that are not essential for the well-functioning of society. In this paper we study this problem from a stochastic control perspective to identify the optimal gradual reduction of the emission rate, when an allocated excess carbon budget is used up over time. Assuming that updates of the available carbon budget follow a diffusion process, we identify the emission strategy that maximizes expected discounted emissions under the constraint of a non-increasing emission rate, with an additional term rewarding the amount of time for which the budget is not yet depleted. We establish a link of this topic to optimal dividend problems in insurance risk theory under ratcheting constraints and show that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We provide numerical illustrations of the resulting optimal abatement schedule of emissions and a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the non-increasing rate constraint on the value function. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.11348 |
| By: | Vomitadyo, Innocent |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360811 |
| By: | Jesus Bejarano (Banco de la Republica, Bogota, Carrera 7 No. 14-78 Bogota, Colombia, Colombia); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impacts of climate change and carbon taxation on South Africa using a calibrated small open economy New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model featuring sticky-and-flexible-price specifications. A permanent productivity shock reducing GDP by 5 percent by 2050 lowers the natural interest rate by 7.5 basis points, appreciates the real exchange rate by 4 percent, and generates 4 basis points of inflation, requiring 0.5 basis point policy rate increases above the natural rate. A tenfold carbon tax increase (R236 to R2, 360/ton CO2) produces modest long-run output losses (0.22 percent) with 0.2 percent immediate inflation, necessitating 6 basis point policy tightening. Compressed adjustment horizons (2033 versus 2050) amplify short-run effects fivefold, with the natural interest rate declining by 40 basis points under accelerated climate impacts. Results suggest the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) must incorporate climate-adjusted potential output and natural rate estimates into its monetary policy framework, with particular attention to the timing of climate-induced productivity decline materialization which fundamentally determines the magnitude of required policy responses. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Small open economy, New Keynesian DSGE, Monetary policy, South Africa |
| JEL: | E31 E32 E52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202601 |
| By: | Seunghyun Lee; Goeun Lee |
| Abstract: | Using data on school shooting incidents in U.S. K--12 schools from 1981 to 2022, we estimate the causal effects of high temperatures on school shootings and assess the implications of climate change. We find that days with maximum temperatures exceeding 90$^\circ$F lead to a 80\% increase in school shootings relative to days below 70$^\circ$F. Consistent with theories linking heat exposure to aggression, high temperatures increase homicidal and threat-related shootings but have no effect on accidental or suicidal shootings. Heat-induced shootings occur disproportionately during periods of greater student mobility and reduced supervision, including before and after school hours and lunch periods. Higher temperatures increase shootings involving both student and non-student perpetrators. We project that climate change will increase homicidal and threat-related school shootings in the U.S. by 8\% under SSP2--4.5 (moderate emissions) and by 14\% under SSP5--8.5 (high emissions) by 2091--2100, corresponding to approximately 23 and 39 additional shootings per decade, respectively. The present discounted value of the resulting social costs is \$343 million and \$592 million (2025 dollars), respectively. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.14094 |
| By: | Ali, Amjad; Usman, Muhammad; Ahmad, Khalil |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how climate-related risks influence sovereign credit ratings on a two-dimensional scale, considering both the Climate Vulnerability Index and the Climate Resilience Index. Using a panel cross-sectional dataset covering fifteen developed and developing countries from 2020 to 2024, the research evaluates how the Climate Vulnerability Index and Climate Resilience Index, along with macroeconomic control variables such as gross domestic product per capita, debt-to-gross domestic product ratio, and inflation, affect sovereign creditworthiness. The results remain consistent across robustness tests, and neither the lagged indicators nor indices derived from principal component analysis demonstrate significant predictive power. These findings are supported by graphical data, including scatter plots and heat maps. Although the theoretical expectation is that higher climate vulnerability would lead to lower ratings, the data do not offer strong empirical support for this relationship within the study period for developed and, alternatively, for developing nations. The study concludes that current methods for assessing sovereign credit ratings do not necessarily account for climate-based risks, at least in developed countries over this time frame. Policy recommendations emphasize greater transparency and the integration of climate indicators into credit models, closing resilience gaps through national government action, and prompting international financial institutions to encourage the standardization of climate risk procedures, particularly for developing nations. This study contributes to the evolving discourse on sustainable finance by identifying compromises in climate-adjusted credit assessment and proposing methods and institutional reforms. Concrete policy recommendations include the integration of forward-looking climate indicators into sovereign credit models, the adoption of climate stress testing by rating agencies, and the promotion of standardized climate risk disclosure frameworks, especially in developing economies. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk, Sovereign Credit Ratings, GDP per capita, Debt, Price Level |
| JEL: | E0 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127543 |
| By: | Janda, Karel; Rozsahegyi, Marketa; Quang Van Tran; Zhang, Binyi |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of investor sentiment in the pricing and volatility dynamics of green bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs). The paper combines verbal description with a literature review, and it does not engage in actual data-based research analysis. While the literature on sentiment finance and ESG investing has expanded rapidly, empirical evidence focusing on fixed-income ESG instruments remains limited. We address this gap by employing modern natural language processing (NLP) techniques to construct sentiment indicators derived from news coverage and sustainability-related textual information. These indicators may be used to examine their impact on returns and volatility of selected green bond ETFs. By combining behavioural finance insights with state-of-the-art NLP methods, the paper contributes to sustainable finance research and highlights the informational role of textual data in green financial markets. |
| Keywords: | NLP model, ESG, Exchange Traded Funds |
| JEL: | C45 C55 G11 G17 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:335572 |
| By: | Dang, Ruirui |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360806 |
| By: | Suzana Gueiros Teixeira (Technology Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) |
| Abstract: | This article presents an application to the Amazon Fund, developed on the period of 2023/ 2024, based on demand from concerns which have risen in the recent decades. Therefore, the selected themes are proposed based on the developments of economic demands that mandatorily have impacted the region and, among local and regional impacts, global impacts such as those associated with Environment and Climate Security issues, understanding their complexity is of both Local and Global Governance, focused to be met on the current proposal. The work proposal is directed to the Amazon Fund in attendance to the Amazon Forest challenges from the Brazilian Legal Amazon area that, under the Ecological Territory Zoning, will focus on the Military Domain Zone. Among the Military Areas within the Amazon, some are of HistoricCultural valued Defense Sites, such as the Historical Fortification of Príncipe da Beira, in English Prince of Borders, which has been raised craved into the Amazon Forest in the State of Rondônia (constructed on the period of 1776 to 1783, by the Portuguese), neighboring Bolivia by an Amazonian River named Itenez Guaporé. The name of the river is of an indigenous nature, meaning Desert Valley or Possibly Waterfall River. The project proposal intends to positively impact on the local environmental biome and provide sustainable actions towards the area with topics which involve Defense. The background of information regarding this work, is based on open sources, nonetheless, we must alert that are of Defense and Security Interests. |
| Keywords: | Amazonian Defense Intelligence, Forest, Illicit, Historical Heritage |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0601 |
| By: | Lwin, Wuit Yi; Schaefer, K. Aleks |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360971 |
| By: | Chen, Tzu-Hui |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360763 |
| By: | Wibbenmeyer, Matthew (Resources for the Future); Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Drunkenmiller, Hannah; Iovanna, Richard |
| Abstract: | Conservation programs are often viewed as competing with local economic activity, yet they may also generate environmental amenities for nearby communities. We estimate how land enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)—the largest US payments-for-ecosystem-services program—affects residential property values. Using nationwide field-level CRP data from 2012–2022 linked to home transactions, we apply a repeat-sales hedonic framework to identify how changes in nearby CRP land influence transaction prices of the same properties. We find that CRP enrollment produces meaningful appreciation of home values: a 10-hectare increase in CRP land within 1, 000 meters raises home values by roughly 0.5 percent, with especially strong effects for land converted to tree cover. Placebo and robustness tests confirm that results are not driven by county-level economic trends or development pressure. Our estimates imply that CRP lands increase US residential property values by $48–68 million annually, highlighting local benefits beyond payments to participating landowners.Keywords: Payments for Ecosystem Services, Land Conservation, Environmental Amenities, Hedonic Pricing |
| Date: | 2026–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-26-02 |
| By: | Mahmoud Arbouch |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the nexus between governance structures, digital transformation, sustainability, and port service efficiency through an international comparative lens, with a specific focus on the Tanger Med–Algeciras corridor in the strait of Gibraltar. Using global best practices—from Singapore to Busan and Kaohsiung—it explores how public-private coordination, digital innovation, and green transition policies contribute to port competitiveness and integration into global supply chains. Tanger Med serves as a model of end-to-end digitalization and infrastructure investment, while Algeciras showcases strengths in real-time optimization and predictive logistics systems. The paper adopts a comparative analytical approach, using global benchmarks to assess governance models, digitalization maturity, and sustainability strategies across the Tanger Med–Algeciras corridor. It highlights emerging asymmetries caused by regulatory divergence—particularly under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)—and proposes targeted policy recommendations to align digital systems, cybersecurity frameworks, and decarbonization strategies, while critically evaluating each port’s institutional readiness and level of compliance with evolving environmental regulations. The paper concludes by emphasizing the strategic complementarity between the two ports and advocates for coordinated governance to transform the Strait of Gibraltar into a resilient, integrated, and sustainable logistics corridor. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb01_26 |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin |
| Abstract: | There has been a fundamental modernization of the wastewater management system in Bulgaria during the EU pre-accession and membership periods. The transition toward sustainable management of wastewaters has been associated with the modern disposal of generated sludge from wastewater treatment plants and the increasing agricultural utilization of this material. The agricultural utilization wastewater management chain emerged and gradually extended as the amount of produced sludge increased and its share was effectively utilized in agriculture. This paper analyses the evolution and challenges of agricultural inclusion in sustainable wastewater management in Bulgaria. It is based on the incorporation of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics methodology, official data, and numerous in-depth interviews with representatives of the wastewater treatment plants, responsible authorities, farmers participating and not involved in sludge utilization, and other related agents. The study has found that there has been a significant modernization of the formal institutional environment (rules, regulations, standards, agencies) and incentive structure for agricultural sludge production, transportation, and utilization in recent years. Nevertheless, the potential for inclusion of agriculture in water treatment plants’ sludge utilization has not been entirely used, and the policy target in the area has not been effectively reached. The main impediments for the later arethe significant transition and compliance costs for related agents, inadequate public information, training, and support, environmental and health risks, opposition of landowners, businesses, eco-groups and residents, and uncertain directions of policy development. In the future following actions are needed to promote agricultural use of sludge: clearer policies for wastewaters management, waste disposals and agricultural sludge utilization, including development of a national strategy for sludge management; better enforcement of formal regulations and quality standards in agricultural utilization wastewaters management chain; introducing measures to reduce institutionally determined (production and transaction) costs for agents; support specialized training, information and independents assessment on agricultural sludge utilization; use CAP and other EU instruments to support agents’ efforts to adapt to formal requirements and extend sustainable treatment, disposal, transportation, agricultural utilization and commercialization of sludge. |
| Keywords: | wastewaters, sludge, management, agricultural utilisation, Bulgaria |
| JEL: | Q10 Q12 Q13 Q15 Q16 Q18 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127457 |
| By: | Belleville, Eric |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360778 |
| By: | Perez-Quesada, Gabriela; Hrozencik, R. Aaron |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361195 |
| By: | Arkebe Oqubay |
| Abstract: | Morocco has emerged as one of Africa's success stories, achieving significant progress in economic transformation and the green transition over the past 25 years. Continuing and deepening this transformation is essential to reach the country’s goal of becoming a high-income economy in the coming decades. Significant challenges include managing the risk of the middle-income trap, addressing demographic pressures, promoting inclusive growth, ensuring environmental sustainability, and advancing the broader green transition. A vital part of this effort is developing innovation and technological capabilities, promoting sustainable industrialization, increasing productivity, tackling youth unemployment, and improving labor markets and workforce quality. Morocco’s experience offers valuable lessons for African economic development by demonstrating the potential for industrial transformation, challenging widespread pessimism about Africa’s prospects for industrialization, and positioning Morocco as a potential driver of growth. This paper reviews and synthesizes the transformation of the Moroccan economy, covering the period from 1970 to 2025 and examines government policies and provides insights into Moroccan economic change and lessons for Africa. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rtrade:rp_14-25 |
| By: | Huynh, Cong Minh |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether and how local governance quality shapes household economic resilience to climate shocks in Vietnam - one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable emerging economies. Combining nationally representative microdata from three rounds of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (2018, 2020, 2022) with province-year indicators of disaster severity and governance performance (PAPI), we estimate a pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and interaction model with two-way fixed effects at the province and year levels to identify the moderating role of governance in the climate shock–income relationship. The results show that climate shocks significantly reduce household per-capita income, but higher-quality provincial governance substantially attenuates these losses. Marginal effects indicate that in high-governance provinces, the income-dampening effect of shocks becomes negligible. Moreover, governance benefits are markedly larger for vulnerable groups, including poor, rural, and agricultural households, suggesting that institutional quality can be inherently pro-poor in climate-stressed contexts. These findings advance the resilience and governance literature by providing micro-level causal evidence from a developing country and highlight governance strengthening as a core policy lever for climate adaptation, equitable development, and inclusive growth. |
| Keywords: | Climate shocks; Governance quality; Household economic resilience; Vietnam |
| JEL: | O17 O18 O43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–12–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127322 |
| By: | Daniele Giordino (Università Telematica Pegaso); Elisa Ballesio (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin, UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, GRM - Groupe de Recherche en Management - EA 4711 - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Nourah Alshaghdali (Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University); Dhruv Galgotia (Galgotias University) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the link between organizations' focus on AI and their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) score. Furthermore, this study examines the relationship between organizations' AI focus and financial performance, measured by return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q. This manuscript relies on observations from a balanced panel of data comprising 432 publicly listed companies headquartered in Europe. The sample excludes banks and insurance companies, given their distinct accounting, governance, and capital structure standards. The sample consists of observations spanning from 2015 to 2023. Observations are gathered from LSEG Data & Analytics. We conduct baseline regression models. To ensure rigor, we also applied Hausman tests, variance inflation factors (VIF), and several robustness checks. The present manuscript is grounded in the economic theory framework. The empirical findings indicate: I) a positive and significant association between organizations' AI focus and their environmental (b = 0.127***; p = 0.001) and social pillar scores (b = 0.072**; p = 0.023); II) a positive and significant link with financial performance (ROA: b = 0.094**; p = 0.012; TobinQ: 0.103*; p = 0.051) and; III) a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with governance pillar scores (b = 0.030; p = 0.166).The obtained results yield significant contributions to both theory and practice. Specifically, the obtained results clarify and reconcile previously heterogeneous findings in the literature. Furthermore, it emphasizes that an organizational focus on AI may contribute to advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, while simultaneously enhancing financial performance. |
| Keywords: | Europe, Sustainable development goals, ESG performance, Financial performance, Artificial intelligence |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05433094 |
| By: | Ben Groom; Joseph Lowe; Sophus zu Ermgassen; E. J. Milner-Gulland; Thomas Atkins; Ben Balmford; Amy Binner; Amber Butler; Brett Day; Natalie Duffus; Rosie Hails; Hannah Maier-Peveling; Mattia Mancini; Sarah Meier; Hannah Nicholas; Daniele Rinaldo; Robin Smale; Pat Snowdon; Frank Venmans; Ian J. Bateman |
| Abstract: | Given ongoing, human-induced, loss of wild species we propose the Target and Cost Analysis (TCA) approach as a means of incorporating biodiversity within government appraisals of public spending. Influenced by how carbon is priced in countries around the world, the resulting biodiversity shadow price reflects the marginal cost of meeting government targets while avoiding disagreements on the use of willingness to pay measures to value biodiversity. Examples of how to operationalize TCA are developed at different scales and for alternative biodiversity metrics, including extinction risk for Europe and species richness in the UK. Pricing biodiversity according to agreed targets allows trade-offs with other wellbeing-enhancing uses of public funds to be sensibly undertaken without jeopardizing those targets, and is compatible with international guidelines on Cost Benefit Analysis. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.16801 |
| By: | Schydlowsky, Daniel M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cladsp:262835 |
| By: | Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Wibbenmeyer, Matthew (Resources for the Future); Drunkenmiller, Hannah; Iovanna, Richard; Thompson, Alexandra (Resources for the Future); Holmes, Brandon (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), the nation’s largest working-lands conservation program, retires environmentally sensitive cropland in exchange for rental payments. While CRP’s ecological benefits are well documented, its socioeconomic effects on rural communities are less understood, though they are central to ongoing policy debates regarding the program’s future. This report provides a comprehensive national assessment of CRP’s impacts on property values over the period 2012–2022, and on rural business activity, employment, and migration from 2001 to 2022. The analysis yields several key insights.CRP generates modest but measurable gains in nearby residential property values. Using a repeat-sales hedonic framework and a data set of more than 12 million transactions, we find that increases in CRP enrollment near a home raise sale prices. A 10-hectare increase in CRP land within 1 km increases property values by about 0.5–0.7 percent. Tree-cover CRP generates the greatest gains, at roughly 2 percent for the same increment, likely reflecting salient aesthetic improvements, wildlife habitat restoration, and enhanced recreational amenities. Based on current CRP enrollments, these localized amenity gains add an estimated $3 billion to residential real estate nationwide, or roughly $60 million annually.CRP enrollment supports rural economic activity, particularly in agricultural and local service industries. Despite longstanding concerns that retiring cropland weakens rural economies, our analysis at the industry, county, and year levels finds that CRP is associated with small but consistently positive increases in rural employment and business activity. A 1, 000-acre increase in county CRP enrollment raises rural employment by roughly 0.06 percent per year over the first three years, with gains tapering off by year five. On average, this implies an additional 8 rural jobs per 1, 000 acres enrolled. Establishment counts show similar patterns. Effects are strongest within agriculture and closely related industries, but spillovers appear in retail, recreation, hospitality, and other local non-tradable sectors. These effects could be explained by stabilized farm income, land management labor needs, and amenity-driven recreation spending.CRP does not contribute to sustained rural depopulation. Using IRS county-level migration data, we find no evidence that CRP accelerates out-migration or long-term population loss. CRP enrollment is associated with a small, short-run reduction in net in-migration (less than one basis point), but this effect reverses within three years. Over a five-year period, the program’s net effect on migration is essentially zero. These results counter the perception that CRP exacerbates rural decline.Overall, the findings indicate that the CRP has supported rural communities while delivering substantial environmental benefits. In recent years, the program’s impacts on property values, local employment, and sectoral activity have been positive but moderate, and concerns about depopulation linked to land retirement are not supported by empirical evidence. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that the CRP can advance conservation objectives without harming rural economies. It is important to recognize that CRP spending primarily represents transfer payments to landowners, meaning that the observed external benefits to local communities constitute net social gains. As policymakers debate whether to pare down or strengthen the program, these results underscore the importance of considering its broader socioeconomic implications. They also highlight opportunities to align CRP design more closely with rural development goals. In particular, while tree cover tends to be more costly to establish and maintain than other cover types, it generates the most pronounced positive effects in both property and labor markets, suggesting that its relative benefits may justify its higher costs. |
| Date: | 2026–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:report:rp-26-02 |
| By: | Janda, Karel; Rozsahegyi, Marketa; Quang Van Tran; Zhang, Binyi |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of investor sentiment in the pricing and volatility dynamics of green bond exchange-traded funds (ETFs). For a construction of green sentiment one original and two already existing natural language processing models are used and evaluated. The VAR model found no significant impact of green sentiment on ETF returns. The GARCH (1, 1) estimation strongly supported the presence of volatility clustering and time-varying volatility in green bond ETF returns, validating the use of conditional heteroskedasticity models. Regressing the conditional volatility on sentiment scores revealed a significant negative relationship – higher sentiment is associated with lower volatility. This finding implies that positive green sentiment contributes to market stability and may reduce perceived risk, reinforcing the importance of investor psychology in green financial markets. |
| Keywords: | Machine learning, NLP model, ESG, Exchange Traded Funds |
| JEL: | C45 C55 G11 G17 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:335550 |
| By: | Jamal Machrouh |
| Abstract: | The contemporary maritime domain is increasingly recognized as a geopolitical and economic space, but also as an environment intertwined with human, social, ecological, and governance systems ashore. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR 2024) report argues that maritime security has evolved from a narrow naval and state-centered concern into a multidimensional issue embedded in global human security. Likewise, (Piegon, 2025) considers maritime crimes, such as piracy, smuggling, and trafficking as extensions of terrestrial criminal networks rooted in exclusion and inequality. In the Gulf of Guinea, for instance, onshore unemployment and corruption enable recruitment into maritime criminal operations. (Fabinyi and others 2025), suggest that a more holistic approach to maritime security is needed that encompasses state, economic, human and environmental security to make maritime security more equitable, sustainable and responsive to contemporary social and environmental challenges. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbagri:pb_trans_1 |
| By: | Bergman, Aaron (Resources for the Future); Krupnick, Alan (Resources for the Future); Nehrkorn, Katarina (Resources for the Future); Zhu, Yuqi |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen has the potential to serve as a zero-carbon energy carrier as an element of a zero-carbon economy. But the high cost of clean hydrogen and infrastructure needs for scaling, plus the dismantling of policies to promote its production and use, have hampered its spread. Focusing on the heavy-duty trucking and ports sectors, we review the policy landscape here and abroad and the obstacles faced by clean hydrogen in these sectors. We present potential policies for overcoming the demand-side obstacles in these two sectors, with some focus on the nascent Biden administration’s Joint Offtake Producer Auction and its contrast with other policy ideas, such as contracts for differences. The discussion is organized around the obstacles of high cost, uptake of fuel cell vehicles and the construction of a refueling network for heavy-duty trucking. Among several suggestions, we find that hydrogen use in heavy-duty trucking requires more coordinated investment due to the need for extensive refueling infrastructure along transportation corridors. |
| Date: | 2026–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-26-03 |
| By: | Johnson, Maggie; Hagerman, Amy D. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360623 |
| By: | Ben Youssef, Slim |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the impact of gross domestic product per capita (GDPC), the value of agricultural production (VAP), and the value of agricultural production per hectare (VAPH) on the forest area in Brazil by considering annual time series data ranging from 1990 to 2022. The autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate our long-run elasticities. The increase in the value of agricultural production reduces forest area in the long-run. However, the value of agricultural production per hectare and the gross domestic product per capita both have a U-shaped relationship with forest area. Indeed, with an increase in the VAPH (resp. GDPC), forest area decreases, then after a threshold point begins to increase. In Brazil, deforestation can be reversed by continuous economic growth accompanied by more propagation of environmental education within the population. Also, agricultural green technologies, as aeroponics for vegetable culture or smart agriculture, should be encouraged through subsidies or advantageous credits, as they increase the VAPH. |
| Keywords: | Value of agricultural production; Value of agricultural production per hectare; Gross domestic product per capita; U-shaped hypothesis; Autoregressive distributed lag; Brazil. |
| JEL: | C32 O44 O54 Q15 |
| Date: | 2025–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127216 |
| By: | Marco Bornstein; Amrit Singh Bedi |
| Abstract: | The race for artificial intelligence (AI) dominance often prioritizes scale over efficiency. Hyper-scaling is the common industry approach: larger models, more data, and as many computational resources as possible. Using more resources is a simpler path to improved AI performance. Thus, efficiency has been de-emphasized. Consequently, the need for costly computational resources has marginalized academics and smaller companies. Simultaneously, increased energy expenditure, due to growing AI use, has led to mounting environmental costs. In response to accessibility and sustainability concerns, we argue for research into, and implementation of, market-based methods that incentivize AI efficiency. We believe that incentivizing efficient operations and approaches will reduce emissions while opening new opportunities for academics and smaller companies. As a call to action, we propose a cap-and-trade system for AI. Our system provably reduces computations for AI deployment, thereby lowering emissions and monetizing efficiency to the benefit of of academics and smaller companies. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.19886 |
| By: | Sam Huckstep (Center for Global Development); Johann Harnoss (Boston Consulting Group; Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Workforce constraints are a widespread bottleneck to decarbonisation, hindering implementation and investment. In a novel exercise, we model the decarbonisation impact of the marginal contribution of a “green-skilled” worker in contexts of labour shortage across six countries in two occupations: an electrician installing residential rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, and a heating technician installing residential heat pumps, during the period 2024 – 2032. We find that the additional (“marginal”) worker can contribute thousands of tonnes of CO2 abatement, even when accounting for rapid grid decarbonisation. The marginal worker’s contribution can have a monetised social value of hundreds of thousands of dollars. It is the equivalent of planting thousands of trees: a forest per worker. On this basis, we argue that labour shortages must not be allowed to constrain decarbonisation activities. Where domestic training cannot meet demand, labour migration is a valuable policy tool. Because workers may make larger contributions in countries of origin than in countries of destination, however, we note that care must be taken to avoid implementation gaps caused by brain drain in countries of origin. Partnerships that combine training and labour migration partnerships can mitigate these risks. |
| Date: | 2026–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:376 |
| By: | Miersch, Klaas; Lamb, William; Creutzig, Felix; Garschagen, Matthias; Haines, Andy; Hansen, Gerrit; Harper, Sherilee; Khanna, Tarun M (Mercator Research Institute for Global Commons and Climate Change); Konnyu, Kristin; Mastrandrea, Michael D. |
| Abstract: | The rigorous treatment of uncertainties in global environmental assessments is essential to characterise the scientific state of the art and to inform policy. Recognizing this, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has adopted a standardized assessment framework to promote transparency and consistency in reporting the level of confidence in its key findings — most prominently those featured in the Summary for Policymakers. However, applying this framework is challenging and often leads to confidence statements based on expert judgment rather than a transparent and replicable process. Here we recommend an updated framework for assessing uncertainties that is suitable for lines of quantitative ex-post policy evaluation evidence that inform Working Group II and III reports. The framework uses evidence synthesized from systematic reviews to support robust and transparent confidence statements and to provide a clear and traceable rationale for conclusions. Where such synthesized evidence is lacking, we offer practical guidance and outline intermediary steps for improving confidence assessments. Our approach provides a concrete and replicable pathway to enhance the level of transparency and the reliability of scientific assessments that inform climate policy. |
| Date: | 2026–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:metaar:fqtdr_v1 |
| By: | Christian de Boissieu |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte devenu plus incertain et plus compliqué à la suite des décisions de la nouvelle administration américaine, les impératifs de la lutte contre le changement climatique et de la transition énergétique et écologique demeurent. Les banques centrales peuvent et doivent apporter leur contribution à cette transition, en « verdissant », dans une proportion à définir, la politique monétaire qu’elles mènent. Concrètement, cela veut dire compléter la palette des objectifs de la politique monétaire sans remettre en cause la place accordée aux objectifs prioritaires que sont la stabilité monétaire et la stabilité financière. Les modes d’intervention des banques centrales, qu’il s’agisse du refinancement des banques, d’achats fermes de titres ou des collatéraux acceptés lors d’opérations de prêts, doivent également être modifiés en conséquence. Ce Policy Paper dresse l’état des lieux des débats et des pratiques concernant le verdissement des politiques monétaires. Les comparaisons internationales sont éclairantes, et l’Afrique ne doit pas être oubliée dans ces comparaisons. L’analyse, qui montre l’apport mais aussi les limites de ce verdissement, débouche sur plusieurs recommandations concrètes. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_23-25 |
| By: | Hardman, Scott PhD; Karanam, Vaishnavi PhD |
| Abstract: | California has set an ambitious target to transition 100% of off-road vehicles and equipment to zero-emission (ZE) alternatives by 2035 “where feasible, ” as outlined in Executive Order N-79-20. Interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholders—contractors, manufacturers, rental firms, researchers, nonprofits, and public agencies. Intervieweesacknowledged positive attributes of ZE equipment, but barriers were more numerous and included inadequate charging infrastructure, limited grid access at job sites, high upfront equipment costs, limited ZE model availability, and complications with rental-based procurement models. Social and organizational barriers such as operator resistance, climate skepticism, and inequities faced by smaller firms were also noted. Most interviewees expressed skepticism that the 2035 ZE off-road goal is realistically achievable without significant policy and infrastructure support. Commonly recommended interventions included strengthening site-level grid capacity, expanding financial incentives and public investment, aligning regulations with market realities, and improving policymakers’ understanding of construction practices. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, All terrain vehicles, Technology adoption, Electric vehicle charging, Interviews, Policy analysis |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4qk0182c |
| By: | Zhang, Yuanyuan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360666 |
| By: | Nicolas Laurence (UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) have regained prominence as international institutions search for ways to respond to recurring financial crises, rising inequalities, and accelerating climate change. As the only international reserve asset not tied to a national currency, SDRs have been debated as potential instruments for redistributive and ecological purposes, particularly since the unprecedented 650 billion USD allocation of 2021. Yet the terms of these debates reveal the persistent dominance of macro-financial logics over alternative framings. This article develops an analysis of how institutional discourses on SDR reform reflect and reproduce the tension between international monetary hierarchy and ecological vulnerability. It shows that ecological concerns are not absent from official debates but systematically translated into the language of liquidity, debt sustainability, and creditworthiness. Such translation renders ecological values legible while erasing their normative specificity, thereby constraining their transformative potential. By linking international political economy with social ecological economics, the article foregrounds the processes of inclusion, translation, and marginalisation through which plural values are managed in global monetary governance. SDRs thus serve less as instruments of ecological transition than as a diagnostic site for understanding the limits of integrating ecological criteria into a system still structured by financial stability and monetary hierarchy. |
| Keywords: | Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Ecologically Unequal Exchange, Ecological Economics, Monetary Hierarchy, Special Drawing Rights |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05446729 |
| By: | Margaret Garcia; Aaron Deslatte; Elizabeth A. Koebele; George Hornberger; John M. Anderies; Sara Alonso Vicario; Koorosh Azizi; Jesse Barnes; Adam Wiechman |
| Abstract: | In an era of accelerating change, urban water infrastructure systems increasingly operate outside of their design conditions, putting new pressure on systems' institutional designs to weather emerging challenges. Water management institutions must therefore be designed to exhibit dynamic fitness, defined by anticipatory capacity and responsiveness. However, we do not yet understand the specific features of institutional design that enable dynamic fitness, especially in relation to the diverse biophysical characteristics of systems that such fitness is contingent upon. We advance research on dynamic fitness in the context of urban water supply systems by drawing on 35-year data sets of stressors and responses for 16 U.S. urban water utilities using archetype analysis. Here we find that institutional archetypes capable of coping with higher biophysical complexity invest in both information processing capacity and response diversity. While dynamic fitness comes at a cost, balance between information processing capacity and response diversity promotes efficiency, which can be expanded through polycentric regional institutional structures that facilitate information sharing. Lastly, careful consideration should be given to tradeoffs across levels of governance, as institutional structures that facilitate dynamic fitness at the utility level may reduce the control and flexibility of higher levels of governance. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.17147 |
| By: | Severin Hornung (University of Innsbruck, Austria); Thomas Hoge (University of Innsbruck, Austria); Christine Unterrainer (University of Innsbruck, Austria) |
| Abstract: | This presentation reports a first wave of studies from a research program on the psychological significance of neoliberal ideology in the socio-politico-ecological polycrisis. Neoliberalism not only enforces globally dominant political-economic practices of market expansion, entrepreneurial freedom, dismantling the welfare state, and supremacy of capital interests, but also pervades psychological processes, belief systems, and behaviors. After reviewing theoretical and methodological foundations on system-justifying neoliberal ideologies, exemplary empirical results are reported, pertaining to the ecological climate crisis, the social crisis of eroding civil solidarity, and the legitimation crisis of liberal democracies. All are addressed in survey studies using the neoliberal ideological beliefs questionnaire with sub-dimensions of individualism, competition, and instrumentality. The first study examined relationships with system justification, environmental consciousness, climate-protective behavior, and estimated carbon footprint, confirming a detrimental role of neoliberal ideological beliefs. The second study established connections between neoliberal ideological beliefs, moral disengagement, and lacking civic engagement for people seeking refuge. The third study explored correlational patterns of neoliberal beliefs, political attitudes, and party preferences, showing a tendency towards right-wing populism and social dominance orientation. Additionally, qualitative interviews were conducted among socio-economically disadvantaged groups. Contradicting their social interests, participants endorsed neoliberal individualism, competition, and instrumentality, evidenced by meritocratic explanations for poverty and rejection of wealth redistribution. Underlying psychological processes were reduction of cognitive dissonance and appeasement of epistemic and existential motives. Psychodynamics of neoliberal ideologies in the polycrisis are highlighted, including self-reinforcing spirals, corrosion of transformative capacities, and the xenophobic authoritarian turn. Implications for following waves of research are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Neoliberal Ideology, System Justification, Polycrisis, Climate Crisis, Refugee Crisis, Crisis Of Democracy, Social And Political Psychology |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0588 |
| By: | Arpita Khanna (National University of Singapore); Minhaj Mahmud (Asian Development Bank); Nidhiya Menon (Brandeis University) |
| Abstract: | This study empirically investigates the impact of climate change on the incidence of noncommunicable diseases among older population in India. Using demographic and health surveys from 2019–2021 linked with georeferenced meteorological data at local levels, and a specification that controls for long-term local climate trends as well as individual and household characteristics, we show that unanticipated heat shocks have significant impacts on the prevalence of hypertension, high blood glucose levels, and overweight or obese status. The impact of heat shock on hypertension is somewhat more evident among urban, lower caste, and lower educated men, while the impact on glucose levels is more pronounced among the higher educated in urban settings. Body mass index is particularly sensitive to heat shocks in older rural women and individuals with higher education. Engagement in occupations more exposed to outdoor work (agriculture/manual) and lifestyle factors tied to wealth status are some explanatory mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | climate;temperature;older people;blood pressure;glucose level;BMI;India |
| JEL: | Q54 I12 J14 O13 |
| Date: | 2026–01–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:022142 |
| By: | Fabien Giauque; Mehdi Farsi |
| Abstract: | Dynamic social norms have been recognized as a promising approach to promote energy sufficiency. By highlighting trends and future shifts rather than current states, dynamic norms allow for a better focus on emerging norms that are not widely adopted. While existing studies predominantly examine behavioral outcomes, the underlying processes and trade-offs remain to be explored. This paper uses a discrete choice experiment (DCE) combined with a randomized controlled trial to study electricity saving preferences under various dynamic norms. An emphasis is placed on the rationale for the norm changes. The results show that dynamic norms framed in terms of growing concerns about energy supply security positively affect electricity saving goal, whereas those framed around climate change do not. The heterogeneity analyses suggest that dynamic norms shape behavior through two complementary mechanisms: they generate new preferences while simultaneously reinforcing existing ones. The concluding analysis identifies four distinct groups that vary systematically in their preferences for electricity sufficiency. |
| Keywords: | Electricity saving; Dynamic Norms; Energy supply security; Climate change; Discrete choice experiment; Latent Class Model; Mixed Logit Model; Value-Belief-Norm Theory |
| JEL: | D12 D91 Q48 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:25-09 |
| By: | Massimo Cervesato (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Mathieu Guigourez (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéo-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the Kovenant model, a formal framework for understanding ecological choices as resulting from norm-guided individual commitments that emerge in fragmented collective contexts. Rather than primarily seeking to optimise outcomes or induce cooperation through incentives, the model represents how agents act as if an ecological covenant were in place, thereby reshaping their own decision-making structure. The model captures key behavioural features such as over-investment or crowding-out effects, showing that these are not irrational deviations, but responses to the absence of well-defined shared normative expectations. The Kovenant model offers, thus, theoretical ground for explaining ecological behaviours in emerging social norms |
| Keywords: | Commitments; Collective Action; Ecological Behaviours; Common-Pool Resources; As if reasoning |
| JEL: | A12 B40 D02 D70 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:26001 |
| By: | Rizwan, Noormah |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360957 |
| By: | Yukun Zhang; Tianyang Zhang |
| Abstract: | The diffusion of Generative AI (GenAI) constitutes a supply shock of a fundamentally different nature: while marginal production costs approach zero, content generation creates congestion externalities through information pollution. We develop a three-layer general equilibrium framework to study how this non-convex technology reshapes market structure, transition dynamics, and social welfare. In a static vertical differentiation model, we show that the GenAI cost shock induces a kinked production frontier that bifurcates the market into exit, AI, and human segments, generating a ``middle-class hollow'' in the quality distribution. To analyze adjustment paths, we embed this structure in a mean-field evolutionary system and a calibrated agent-based model with bounded rationality. The transition to the AI-integrated equilibrium is non-monotonic: rather than smooth diffusion, the economy experiences a temporary ecological collapse driven by search frictions and delayed skill adaptation, followed by selective recovery. Survival depends on asymmetric skill reconfiguration, whereby humans retreat from technical execution toward semantic creativity. Finally, we show that the welfare impact of AI adoption is highly sensitive to pollution intensity: low congestion yields monotonic welfare gains, whereas high pollution produces an inverted-U relationship in which further AI expansion reduces total welfare. These results imply that laissez-faire adoption can be inefficient and that optimal governance must shift from input regulation toward output-side congestion management. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.12488 |
| By: | Kraynak, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the welfare costs of declining coal demand from the power sector on coal mining regions of the US. Using an instrumental variable derived from a stylized model of the electricity sector, I estimate that coal producers shed jobs and wages primarily in coal mining and adjacent industries. In-migration, home values, and public education expenditures also decline. Applied in a spatial equilibrium framework, my estimates imply about $0.85 billion in costs to coal country residents resulting from a net decline of $8.03 billion in thermal coal production value from 2007-2017. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:388972 |
| By: | Gheorghe Zaharia (Ovidius University of Constanta, Romania) |
| Abstract: | The present study analyzes the current ecological crisis from the premises of Christian theology and highlights the ways in which ecotheology can offer authentic responses to the problems of the contemporary world. In a society dominated by consumption, technology, and a utilitarian approach to nature, the human being gradually distances himself from both creation and God, losing the profound meaning of existence. Christian ecotheology proposes a reconstruction of human consciousness through the rediscovery of the world as a divine gift, through the assumption of responsibility toward creation, and through the restoration of the relationship of communion between the human person and the cosmos. Thus, the study emphasizes that environmental protection cannot be reduced to technical solutions but requires a spiritual and ethical transformation of the human being, who must once again perceive nature not as an object to be exploited, but as a space of encounter with God. Only through such an inner change can a better world be built—one aligned with the will of the Creator and with the human vocation to be His co-worker in preserving and ennobling creation. |
| Keywords: | Christian Ecotheology, Ecological Crisis, Consumerism, Ecological Responsibility, Human–Nature Relationship, Christian Anthropology, Ethics of Creation |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0615 |
| By: | Okoror, Okiemua Theresa |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360936 |
| By: | Bell, Peter |
| Abstract: | As governments around the world pursue policies to incentivize the construction of new mining projects, they need to recognize that private industry today is not pursuing opportunities at abandoned old mines. Government leadership could increase remediation of old mines by changing the rules, a move that would require coordination across diverse stakeholders. Fixing these old problems could help reduce unresolved sources of pollution and public perception that mining is environmentally irresponsible. This paper discusses fundamental aspects of abandoned mines and compares government policies by examining two small Canadian mining exploration companies advancing remediation projects in Italy and Canada. |
| Keywords: | Mining, Pollution, Environment, Remediation, Canada, Italy, Government, |
| JEL: | A1 B4 B5 D2 D6 D62 E6 E61 F6 F64 G3 H1 H2 H23 H5 H56 H57 H8 H82 K2 K23 L5 L7 O1 O13 O2 P1 P16 Q3 Q32 Q33 |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126948 |
| By: | Ayettey, Gideon; Goyal, Raghav |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360692 |
| By: | Massimo Cervesato (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Mathieu Guigourez (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the Kovenant model, a formal framework for understanding ecological choices as resulting from norm-guided individual commitments that emerge in fragmented collective contexts. Rather than primarily seeking to optimise outcomes or induce cooperation through incentives, the model represents how agents act as if an ecological covenant were in place, thereby reshaping their own decision-making structure. The model captures key behavioural features such as over-investment or crowding-out effects, showing that these are not irrational deviations, but responses to the absence of well-defined shared normative expectations. The Kovenant model offers, thus, theoretical ground for explaining ecological behaviours in emerging social norms. |
| Keywords: | As if reasoning, Common-Pool Resources, Ecological Behaviours, Collective Action, Commitments |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-05450446 |
| By: | Wang, Yitian; Vespignani, Joaquin; Smyth, Russell |
| Abstract: | Accelerating transport electrification is vital for net-zero goals, yet remains hindered by slow, uncertain development of battery minerals. We show how non-technical risk, such as policy, regulatory, social, and geopolitical risk, inflate capital costs, delay greenfield supply, and heighten price volatility for lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, graphite, and copper. Combining Fraser Institute investment scores with reserve shares of these critical minerals, we construct dynamic, mineral-specific risk premiums, derive an optimal stockpiling rule balancing risk and storage costs and introduce a distance-to-iso-cost map comparing recycling and stockpiling strategies. Our framework suggests that in 2040 recycling-led stabilization will be the optimal strategy for mitigating non-technical risk for Japan and Korea, strategic stockpiling will be the optimal strategy for China and the United States, and mixed outcomes for Europe. The method that we propose provides a tractable and updateable toolkit for deciding optimal stockpiles and prioritising recycling where it is most cost-effective. |
| Keywords: | Critical Mineral, EV Battery, Stockpiling, Recycling |
| JEL: | O13 Q34 Q38 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–12–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127186 |
| By: | Su, Yang; Yu, Jialing |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360718 |
| By: | Powell, Alan A.; Rimmer, Maureen T. |
| Abstract: | The policy debate on global warming has raised the prospect of large taxes on Greenhouse pollutants leading to a very substantial rise in the price of energy. Models in which output is produced according to a technology in which capital (K), labour (L) and energy (E) are substitutable run into the difficulty of how to allow parsimoniously for the higher likely substitutability between K and E than between L and E. Nesting all three factors in a single CES aggregator function is unsatisfactory because of the constancy over pairs of factors of partial substitution elasticities. This paper is a variation on the CES theme. It presents a new composite three-input production function (based on CES and Leontief components) which allows the partial substitution elasticities between capital and labour, capital and energy, and between labour and energy, to differ but to remain individually constant. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:copspp:266360 |
| By: | Klemick, Heather; Shadbegian, Ron; Guignet, Dennis; Bui, Linda T.; Hoang, Anh |
| Abstract: | We examine the relationship between childhood lead exposure and special education using data on over 800, 000 North Carolina 3rd-8th grade students. We use matching and panel data techniques to estimate the effect of lead exposure on the probability of having a learning disability that qualified students for special education and to estimate the effect of special education on lead-exposed students’ academic performance. We find that higher lead exposure significantly increased participation in special education, and special education significantly increased lead-exposed students’ test scores. These results indicate that special education can help mitigate academic deficits for lead-exposed students with learning disabilities. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:388973 |
| By: | Hadziomerspahic, Amila; Kolstoe, Sonja H.; Dundas, Steven J. |
| Abstract: | Nonmarket valuation surveys are designed to ask the who, what, when, where and why for a population of interest to understand preferences for environmental goods. Recent declines in survey response rates and high costs associated with traditional survey modes (e.g., mail), along with recent advances in online sampling have led to increased use of non probability sample frames. This raises an important question for stated preference surveys about potential differences in willingness to pay (WTP) based on data collected by probability versus nonprobability samples. We develop a layered, sequential approach to test whether data processing and adjustments to estimation strategies can lead to similar welfare distributions for nonmarket attributes. Using a survey on the protection of safe recreation hours at ocean beaches, we find that our proposed process decreases the variance of marginal WTP for the non-probability sample and produces WTP distributions that overlap with the probability sample for our key attribute of interest. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:388974 |
| By: | Kerr, H. W. T. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:notarc:266270 |
| By: | Anaïs Garin (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Mathias Béjean (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Stefan Meisiek (The University of Sydney Business School); Willy Allègre (CMRRF - Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de KERPAPE [Ploemeur] - Centre Mutualiste de Rééducation et de Réadaptation Fonctionnelles de Kerpape) |
| Abstract: | Recently, scholars have explored hybrid value creation at the ecosystem level, in which social and economic value is created collectively by ecosystem actors. While scholars extensively investigated hybridity at the organizational level, for example, in social enterprises, they have seldomly explored it in ecosystems. Yet, understanding how ecosystem actors achieve hybridity collectively is important to support further global actions for tackling grand challenges, which require collective action by diverse actors. Hence, this research builds on a case study of a social innovation ecosystem in the French disability sector to reveal how ecosystem actors manage and maintain such collective hybridity. We find that actors develop a dual management structure in which they achieve both social impact and profitability. Such duality supports the development of cross-interest collaborations and mutual control between actors, hence maintaining a careful balance between social impact and profitability. This research contributes to the ecosystem management literature by investigating collective hybridity management in an ecosystem. It also contributes to a better understanding of social innovation ecosystems, an emerging concept in the ecosystem literature. Finally, we suggest opportunities for future research and identify implications for practitioners and policymakers to address grand challenges through collective hybridity. |
| Keywords: | collective hybridity, profitability, social values, Social innovation ecosystems |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05453544 |
| By: | Uwineza, Yvette |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361132 |
| By: | Epanchin-Niell, Rebecca; Yang, Yixin |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360705 |
| By: | Owen, P. Dorian |
| Abstract: | Empirical implementation of the buffer stock money (DSM) notion tends to concentrate either on the 'shock absorber aspects or the 'spillover' ('disequilibrium money') aspects but rarely combines both. Moreover, a potential buffer role for non-money assets is usually precluded without explicit empirical testing. This paper examines the role of financial buffers in an ex ante sedtoral model of expenditure and portfolio behaviour incorporating both the shock absorber and spillover aspects in terms of cross-equation parameter restrictions. These are tested for a range of different assets and liabilities using quarterly data for the UK personal sector. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:canzdp:262920 |
| By: | Joe Delgado (University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, USA) |
| Abstract: | Rising demand in solo telehealth psychology practices requires balancing growth with limited time, supervision, and financial resources. This anonymized case study examined a U.S.-based solo practice evaluating three staffing models: a practicum student, a postdoctoral fellow, or a licensed psychologist. The objective was to expand client capacity while preserving care quality and financial viability. Using practice records, guidelines, labor data, and supervision requirements, the analysis compared supervision burden, revenue potential, and sustainability across models. Findings showed practicum students had the lowest direct cost but required intensive supervision, limiting overall capacity. Postdoctoral fellows emerged as a sustainable staffing configuration, offering financial feasibility and moderate independence. Licensed psychologists provided autonomy and billing flexibility but carried the highest financial risk. The case suggests staffing choices must weigh financial tradeoffs alongside the owner’s supervision capacity. For resource-constrained solo practitioners, the study offers a framework for testing staffing models before implementation. Aligning staffing strategy with clinical and financial realities enables solo telehealth practices to pursue sustainable growth while supporting workforce development. |
| Keywords: | Telehealth, solo practice, psychology workforce, practicum training, postdoctoral fellows, licensed psychologists, supervision capacity, staffing models, cost-benefit analysis, sustainable growth |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0590 |
| By: | Khizar Qureshi; H. Oliver Gao |
| Abstract: | We study portfolio choice when firm-level emissions intensities are measured with error. We introduce a scope-specific penalty operator that rescales asset payoffs as a smooth function of revenue-normalized emissions intensity. Under payoff homogeneity, unit-scale invariance, mixture linearity, and a curvature semigroup axiom, the operator is unique and has the closed form $P^{(m)}_j(r, \lambda)=\bigl(1-\lambda/\lambda_{\max, j}\bigr)^m r$. Combining this operator with norm- and moment-constrained ambiguity sets yields robust mean-variance and CVaR programs with exact linear and second-order cone reformulations and economically interpretable dual variables. In a U.S. large-cap equity universe with monthly rebalancing and uniform transaction costs, the resulting strategy reduces average Scope~1 emissions intensity by roughly 92\% relative to equal weight while exhibiting no statistically detectable reduction in the Sharpe ratio under block-bootstrap inference and no statistically detectable change in average returns under HAC inference. We report the return-emissions Pareto frontier, sensitivity to robustness and turnover constraints, and uncertainty propagation from multiple imputation of emissions disclosures. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.06507 |
| By: | Olurotimi, Osaretin |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360994 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | This policy brief examines what the 2025–2026 period reveals about the future of global energy risk and the energy transition. After the shocks of 2021–2023, 2025 brought broad price easing: oil and coal prices declined as supply growth outpaced demand, and the World Bank projects further declines in the global energy price index in 2026, offering short-term relief for energy-importing economies. The brief argues, however, that the macroeconomic relevance of energy entering 2026 is no longer defined primarily by commodity price levels, but by the distribution of risks and by the capacity of energy systems—grids, flexibility resources, supply chains, and investment frameworks—to absorb shocks and deliver reliable power. It identifies four structural forces shaping 2026 and beyond: artificial intelligence-related demand growth, grid congestion and resilience constraints, critical mineral concentration, and a capital-rich but execution-constrained investment environment. Taken together, these dynamics suggest that energy risk is increasingly shifting toward infrastructure and supply-chain bottlenecks, with widening asymmetries across regions, particularly for emerging and developing economies. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb02_26 |
| By: | Lou Chaussebourg; Noémie Maughan; Marjolein Visser; Kevin Maréchal |
| Abstract: | Echoing a wider questioning of agri-food systems and their sustainability, Alternative Bread Supply Chains (ABSC) are emerging in Western Europe. However, ABSC face challenges such as knowledge loss and the lack of connectivity between initiatives. The present study posits that enhancing networking and knowledge-sharing is crucial for the resilience of ABSC, particularly in Wallonia, Belgium. We hypothesize that a collaborative podcast could serve the strengthening and therefore the deployment ABSC. The podcast serves as an Intermediary Object (IO) to connect ABSC stakeholders in transdisciplinary research, fostering network weaving and knowledge forging. The podcast offers a platform for co-creation, serves as a gatherer and translator of different forms of fragmented knowledge, and sheds light on the complex realities of grain-to-bread supply chains. The podcast is an accessible medium which is reaching the ABSC community but also mainstream audiences and some public actors. Its storytelling helps to build the resilience of ABSC through knowledge sharing and narrative building. The podcast also allows a form of learning through an embodied and affective experience, playing on both senses and emotions. The paper opens a discussion about how this mode of learning can encourage engagement and action but also open perspectives for sustainable futures. This paper explores the methodology, and the way data was collected for such a project, offering a reflection on the ongoing process. While podcasts are popular, their use as research tools is still emerging. This paper argues that collaborative podcasts are valuable for participatory research with a holistic standpoint. In our case of ABSC, podcast can significantly contribute to their resilience and growth within an agroecological transition framework. |
| Keywords: | Agroecological transition; Alternative bread supply chains; Collaborative podcast; Intermediary object; Knowledge sharing; Participatory action research; Sensitivity |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/397226 |
| By: | 宮川, 千幸; MIYAKAWA, Chiyuki |
| Abstract: | 本研究は、日本の競走馬産業における庭先（相対）取引からオークション（せり）取引への移行を事例に、取引制度の切替が売り手・買い手の責任意識に与える影響を分析した。定性的データの分析から、オークション制度の普及は取引コストと権利の再配分を通じて「売り手責任」から「買い手責任」への心理的変容をもたらし、機会主義的行動を正当化する条件を形成していることを示す。本研究は、制度ロジックの移行を心理的プロセスとして捉え直す視点を提示する。, This study examines how institutional change reshapes players’ responsibility perceptions by analyzing the shift from private negotiated transactions to auction-based transactions in the Japanese thoroughbred industry. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews, fieldwork, and archival sources, this study shows that the diffusion of auction markets redistributed transaction costs and decision rights between sellers and buyers. This redistribution fostered a psychological shift from caveat venditor to caveat emptor, thereby weakening feelings of guilt and legitimizing opportunistic behavior. The findings contribute to institutional change research by emphasizing the psychological and temporally embedded dimensions of institutional logics transitions. |
| Keywords: | 制度変化, 制度ロジック, 責任意識, 時間的埋め込み, オークション市場, Institutional change, Institutional logics, Responsibility perceptions, Temporal embeddedness, Auction markets |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hmicwp:254 |
| By: | Kang, Minseong; Lee, Seungki |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360603 |
| By: | Lee, Yunkyung |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360861 |
| By: | Aomar Ibourk |
| Abstract: | A guide by the Mainstreaming Employment into Trade and Investment in the Southern Mediterranean (METI) Programme to advise policymakers on how to develop and implement trade, investment and employment. The PRG is a strategic framework designed to align trade and investment policies with employment goals in the Southern Mediterranean. The guide promotes practical solutions and supports policies that foster economic growth, empower communities, and reduce inequalities. The guide urges policymakers, practitioners, business stakeholders, and donors, to think boldly and work together, create more and better jobs, aiming at sustainable economic development. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rtrade:prg_01-25 |
| By: | Nicholas H. Kirk |
| Abstract: | We introduce the Sustainable Exploitation Equilibrium (SEE), a refinement of Markov Perfect Equilibrium (MPE) for dynamic games with an exploiter-exploitee structure. SEE imposes two additional discipline conditions: (i) viability, requiring state trajectories to remain inside a sustainability set; and (ii) renegotiation-proofness with exploiter-optimal selection, to retain only those viable equilibria that are immune to Pareto-improving renegotiations, with ties resolved in favor of the exploiter. In our base formulation the exploitee cannot exit the relationship (no outside option), but retains a strategic effort margin that affects dynamics and payoffs. We establish existence under appropriate conditions and illustrate SEE in a hegemon-client model of foreign politics, where tribute demands trade off against the client's governance effort. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.07629 |
| By: | Lettu, Sandra |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360708 |
| By: | Choe, Kyoungin; Rejesus, Roderick |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361081 |
| By: | Xiao, Keliang |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360989 |
| By: | Levy, Santiago |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cladsp:263673 |
| By: | Theophilus, T.W.D. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:notarc:266956 |
| By: | Arianna Burzacchi; Marco Pistore |
| Abstract: | Urban traffic regulation policies are increasingly used to address congestion, emissions, and accessibility in cities, yet their impacts are difficult to assess due to the socio-technical complexity of urban mobility systems. Recent advances in data availability and computational power enable new forms of model-driven, simulation-based decision support for transportation policy design. This paper proposes a novel simulation paradigm for the ex-ante evaluation of both direct impacts (e.g., traffic conditions, modal shift, emissions) and indirect impacts spanning transportation-related effects, social equity, and economic accessibility. The approach integrates a multi-layer urban mobility model combining a physical layer of networks, flows, and emissions with a social layer capturing behavioral responses and adaptation to policy changes. Real-world data are used to instantiate the current "as-is" scenario, while policy alternatives and behavioral assumptions are encoded as model parameters to generate multiple "what-if" scenarios. The framework supports systematic comparison across scenarios by analyzing variations in simulated outcomes induced by policy interventions. The proposed approach is illustrated through a case study aims to assess the impacts of the introduction of broad urban traffic restriction schemes. Results demonstrate the framework's ability to explore alternative regulatory designs and user responses, supporting informed and anticipatory evaluation of urban traffic policies. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.07735 |
| By: | Horridge, Mark; Dixon, Peter B.; Rimmer, Maureen T. |
| Abstract: | We describe the theory, computation and results of a multiperiod general equilibrium model designed to assist an urban water authority in Its pricing and investment decisions. The model includes gestation periods in the creation of dams, main sewers and treatment plants. It allows for lumpy capital items and recognizes cost differences in the provision of services in peak and non-peak times. Its general equilibrium framework is convenient for handling links between the water authority and the rest of the economy, especially the housing sector. We have used two computational approaches. In the first, we reformulate the model as a single-entity optimization problem and then apply a linear programming package. We have found that a better approach is to apply Newton-Raphson methods to a formulation of the model as a set of equations depicting purely competitive behaviour in all productive activities. A special feature of this paper is an integration of the model's results, obtained under the assumption of certainty, with data on weather-induced variations in streamflow and demand. Using Monte Carlo techniques we assess the risks of water shortages associated with the investment and pricing strategies that our model indicates. Key Words and Phrases : water pricing and investment: uncertain streamflow: water policy in a general equilibrium model: water policy for Melbourne: linear programming: Newton-Raphson: Monte Carlo: peak and non-peak. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:copspp:266335 |
| By: | Cheu, Sungmin; Melkani, Aakanksha |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360736 |
| By: | Muhammad Sukri Bin Ramli |
| Abstract: | New methods are needed to monitor environmental treaties, like the Montreal Protocol, by reviewing large, complex customs datasets. This paper introduces a framework using unsupervised machine learning to systematically detect suspicious trade patterns and highlight activities for review. Our methodology, applied to 100, 000 trade records, combines several ML techniques. Unsupervised Clustering (K-Means) discovers natural trade archetypes based on shipment value and weight. Anomaly Detection (Isolation Forest and IQR) identifies rare "mega-trades" and shipments with commercially unusual price-per-kilogram values. This is supplemented by Heuristic Flagging to find tactics like vague shipment descriptions. These layers are combined into a priority score, which successfully identified 1, 351 price outliers and 1, 288 high-priority shipments for customs review. A key finding is that high-priority commodities show a different and more valuable value-to-weight ratio than general goods. This was validated using Explainable AI (SHAP), which confirmed vague descriptions and high value as the most significant risk predictors. The model's sensitivity was validated by its detection of a massive spike in "mega-trades" in early 2021, correlating directly with the real-world regulatory impact of the US AIM Act. This work presents a repeatable unsupervised learning pipeline to turn raw trade data into prioritized, usable intelligence for regulatory groups. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.07864 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as both an energy optimizer and a structural source of energy demand. While AI promises efficiency gains in forecasting, grid management, and emissions reduction, its expansion is already reshaping electricity systems: data center consumption could more than double by 2030. Beyond this techno-economic duality lies a deeper challenge: the sovereignty of digital and energy systems. AI rests on highly concentrated supply chains of chips, compute infrastructure, and critical minerals, as well as on access to abundant, low-carbon electricity. This concentration creates new dependencies and asymmetries, reinforcing the strategic control of a handful of actors. For Africa, the stakes are particularly high. The continent holds significant reserves of cobalt, manganese, rare earths, and other inputs indispensable to batteries and semiconductors, yet faces chronic electricity deficits, fragile grids, and limited compute capacity. Without deliberate investment in infrastructure, regional integration, and industrial upgrading, Africa risks remaining confined to raw-material supply while depending on foreign actors for digital infrastructure and cloud services. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_37-25 |
| By: | Sabrine Emran; Oussama Tayebi |
| Abstract: | Le secteur minier traverse une période critique où convergent transition énergétique mondiale, recompositions des chaînes d'approvisionnement et ambitions nationales d'industrialisation. Le Maroc, pays doté d'un patrimoine minier diversifié incluant phosphate, cobalt, cuivre et autres minerais critiques, dispose d'un réel potentiel pour s'imposer comme acteur incontournable de la transition énergétique. Toutefois, l'absence de stratégie nationale dédiée, le manque de coordination intersectorielle et la prédominance des exportations de matières brutes limitent la capacité du pays à capter le potentiel réel de ces minerais et à développer des filières industrielles compétitives. Dans un contexte international marqué par l'émergence d'une « diplomatie minérale » et la multiplication des coalitions entre puissances, le Maroc doit simultanément structurer son approche nationale et se positionner sur les scènes régionale et mondiale. Ce policy paper propose une réflexion stratégique sur ces thèmes, articulée autour de trois dimensions complémentaires. La première souligne l'impératif d'élaborer une stratégie nationale globale, fruit d'un débat associant acteurs publics, secteur privé, recherche et société civile, définissant les priorités en matière de minerais critiques et stratégiques et favorisant la transformation locale. La deuxième dimension explore les opportunités de coopération africaine et Sud-Sud, plaçant le Maroc comme catalyseur de coalitions régionales permettant de mutualiser ressources et compétences, de structurer des chaînes de valeur continentales et de renforcer le pouvoir de négociation des pays producteurs. La troisième dimension, enfin, examine le positionnement international du royaume dans les débats sur la gouvernance des minerais critiques, incluant les enjeux émergents tels que l'exploitation des grands fonds marins. L'analyse démontre que la valorisation du potentiel minier marocain requiert une vision intégrée conjuguant développement industriel national, leadership régional et insertion stratégique dans les partenariats internationaux. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_40-25 |
| By: | Tal, Gil PhD; Ramadoss, Trisha |
| Abstract: | The secondary market for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) will play a critical role in decarbonizing transportation and in bringing ZEVs to lower income populations. Yet research into this market remains limited. Thus, in this study, the characteristics of the used ZEV market, its buyers, and the sources and destinations of used ZEVs were explored. The flows of secondhand, pre-owned, or “used” ZEVs in California were quantified by analyzing vehicle registration and transfer information from the Department of Motor Vehicles from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to examine this market, and the sources and destinations of used ZEVs were modeled using linear regression. Several key trends became evident. First, plug-in hybrids appear to be entering the used market at higher rates than battery electric vehicles. Second, there was a net gain of used ZEVs into disadvantaged communities over the study period. Finally, the number of households in the highest income brackets and land use types play a significant role in which census tracts are sources and destinations for used ZEVs. While the highest income bracket does not seem to play a substantive role in either side of the market, the next three income brackets serve to both generate and procure used ZEVs. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, electric vehicles, used cars, used vehicle industry, demographics, linear regression analysis |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0p9928s8 |
| By: | Larabi Jaïdi; Rim Berahab; Sabrine Emran |
| Abstract: | Ce Policy Paper analyse les enjeux politiques, économiques et opérationnels du Fonds pour les pertes et dommages, créé pour répondre aux impacts climatiques irréversibles subis par les pays les plus vulnérables. Il clarifie d’abord la notion de pertes et dommages, qui mêle effets économiques et non économiques, et souligne les défis d’attribution liés à la superposition entre chocs climatiques et fragilités structurelles. L’analyse met ensuite en lumière les tensions d’économie politique qui entourent le Fonds : incertitudes sur le périmètre des contributeurs, risques d’aléa moral, articulation avec les instruments existants et difficulté à définir des critères d’éligibilité pertinents. Elle insiste également sur l’ampleur du déficit de financement et la nécessité de mécanismes innovants pour garantir des ressources prévisibles. Enfin, le papier examine les défis de gouvernance, notamment le rôle transitoire de la Banque mondiale, l’accès direct pour les pays vulnérables et la capacité du Fonds à décaisser rapidement. Il conclut que l’efficacité du dispositif dépendra de sa capacité à cibler les pertes « au-delà de l’adaptation » et à renforcer la résilience structurelle plutôt que de se limiter à des réponses ponctuelles. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_43-25 |
| By: | Jones, R. Bennett; Hocknell, Keith E. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:notarc:266968 |
| By: | Cooray, Ayesha; Rejesus, Roderick |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361087 |
| By: | Cai, Qingyin; Cakir, Metin |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360972 |