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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Li, Yanggu; Zhang, Wei |
| Abstract: | Agricultural conservation on working agricultural lands is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy for addressing environmental challenges and enhancing the resilience of food systems in the face of climate change. Despite the growing funding for Climate-SmartAgricultural and Forestry (CSAF) practices, we lack comprehensive assessment of their economic impacts. Focusing on the impacts of CSAF practices under the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) on agricultural productivity and resilience in the United States, we estimate the effects of EQIP payments for CSAF on county-level yields, loss acres, and insurance loss cost ratios for corn, soybean, and winter wheat, while controlling for the confounding effects of land-retirement payments through the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Our findings suggest that EQIP payments for CSAF practices significantly reduce corn loss acres and loss cost ratios. A one standard deviation increase in EQIP payments for CSAF practices is estimated to reduce county-level corn loss acres by 1.17%, highlighting their potential to mitigate climate risks. Conversely, payments for non-CSAF practices are associated with increased corn loss acres and higher loss cost ratios for corn and soybean, suggesting the need for more targeted conservation strategies. This study contributes to the growing literature on agricultural conservation by quantifying the economic benefits of CSAF practices and offering insights for improving conservation program design to enhance agricultural productivity and climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361186 |
| By: | Shakya, Lumana |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343824 |
| By: | Xuan, Zhichong; Li, Xinrong; Yang, Boqiong; Zhao, Qiran |
| Abstract: | In response to the global push for low‐carbon development and the persistent tension between economic growth and ecological goals in developing countries, China launched the Low-Carbon City Pilot (LCCP) policy in 2010 to explore potential synergies between environmental regulation and economic performance. This study treats the LCCP policy as a quasi‐natural experiment to evaluate its average treatment effect on foreign direct investment (FDI) and to analyze its spatial spillover effects and underlying mechanisms. Using panel data for 282 prefecture‐level cities from 2005 to 2021, we employ staggered difference‐in‐differences and spatial difference‐in‐differences methods. Our findings indicate that the LCCP policy significantly deters FDI in pilot cities, lending support to the pollution haven hypothesis. A mechanism analysis identifies four pathways: induced green technological innovation, strengthened environmental governance, an optimized foreign investment structure, and public behavior-driven. Notably, the LCCP policy generates positive spillovers by stimulating FDI in adjacent cities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative impacts are more pronounced in growing and mature resource‐based cities, as well as in the eastern and central regions of China. These results suggest that, while environmental regulations may discourage FDI in the short run, they can effectively foster spatial cooperation and industry restructuring that promote sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360767 |
| By: | Vieira, Dominic; Lopez Barrera, Emiliano; Ray, Srabashi; Hertel, Thomas |
| Abstract: | Reducing food waste (FW) is a key strategy for achieving multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including food security (SDG 2), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), climate action (SDG 13), and economic growth (SDG 8). While enhancing sustainability, FW reduction also introduces economic trade-offs, particularly in labor-intensive agricultural sectors. This study employs a multiscale modeling framework to assess both global sustainability gains and localized economic challenges. At the global scale, a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) estimates FW as household technical inefficiency, and these estimates are integrated into the Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land Use, and the Environment (SIMPLE). A 50% reduction in FW by 2050, aligned with SDG 12.3, reduces cropland use by 3% and lowers annual greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 1.5 gigatons, easing pressure on natural resources. These changes also lead to lower global crop prices (6.8%–8%), improving food affordability and reducing undernourishment, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (7.6 million fewer undernourished individuals) and South Asia (4 million fewer).At the local scale, the Simplified International Model of agricultural Prices, Land Use, and the Environment – Gridded version (SIMPLE-G-US) evaluates the effects of FW reduction on U.S. agricultural water use and labor markets. Irrigation water use declines by an average of 5.6%, with reductions up to 11.6% in water-scarce regions, contributing to water conservation efforts. However, FW reduction also results in a 4.25%–11.8% decline in agricultural employment, with wage losses of up to $3 per hour, particularly in labor-intensive regions like the Fruitful Rim. These findings highlight the need for coordinated policies that maximize sustainability benefits while addressing economic equity concerns, ensuring that FW reduction strategies support both environmental and social well-being. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360723 |
| By: | Wang, Yuhan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343897 |
| By: | Shin, Hyeseon |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343657 |
| By: | Ponce, Anthony; Zhang, Terry; Zhang, Wendong |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the ecological benefits of conservation easements on bird populations, specifically those established around wetlands. Wetlands, which covered only 116.4 million acres (approximately 6% of U.S. land) by 2019, have experienced a 50% increase in loss rates since 2009 due to drainage and agricultural conversion. In response, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service has obligated over $1.8 billion to preserve nearly 800, 000 acres via agricultural and wetland easements, with the 2018 Farm Bill allocating roughly $450 million annually to the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). We provide causal estimates of how wetland easements affect bird relative abundance and species richness, accounting for variations in easement intensity, timing, and hydrological boundaries. Our data span 2003 through 2023 and include granular eBird observations—one of the most comprehensive citizen-science bird datasets available, offering novel geographic and temporal resolution—that we use to construct annual HUC12-level indices of relative abundance and species richness by conditioning on observer effort, expertise, and seasonality. We supplement these observations with the National Conservation Easement Database for spatial records of CREP, ACEP, and EQIP easements; the National Land Cover Database for high-resolution wetland and land-cover classifications; PRISM climate data (temperature and precipitation) to control for weather influences; and CropIndex land use and crop price information to capture adjacent agricultural pressures. Our empirical strategy proceeds in two steps. First, we generate subwatershed-level indices of bird abundance and richness using eBird checklists, differentiating between breeding and non-breeding seasons to capture habitat sensitivity. Second, we implement a staggered difference-indifferences design: treated subwatersheds with wetland easements are compared to matched control subwatersheds in the same HUC8 watershed that have not yet received easements. Matching on pre-treatment trends and covariates mitigates confounding and spillover concerns, while the two-period comparison isolates changes before and after easement implementation. Preliminary findings suggest notable heterogeneity in bird indices over time, with subwatersheds of higher initial richness tending to maintain or increase their relative abundance. Although definitive results are forthcoming, we anticipate that wetland easements will demonstrate positive but uneven effects on biodiversity measures. By providing timely, causal estimates of conservation easement efficacy, this research contributes to economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services and informs policymakers and land managers aiming to optimize investments in habitat protection. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360754 |
| By: | Kim, Youngho; Newburn, David; Lichtenberg, Erik; Wietelman, Derek; Wang, Haoluan |
| Abstract: | Emissions trading programs have been promoted as efficient means to reduce nonpoint source water pollution and sequester carbon from agricultural land. While trading programs are often evaluated in isolation, they compete with longstanding agricultural conservation subsidy programs. Both programs target agroforestry practices that provide environmental benefits using different payment structures: Trading pays for performance while agricultural conservation programs pay for effort. We evaluate the performance of both programs in isolation and competition using an integrated assessment model that combines a stated preference survey of agricultural landowners for establishing forests with biophysical models of water quality and carbon sequestration benefits of forests. Our numerical policy simulation suggests that the water quality trading program in isolation can provide sufficient financial incentives for landowners to engage in afforestation activities on agricultural land. However, federal agricultural conservation subsidies largely crowd out the trading program when in competition. Stacking payments for carbon offsets with water quality trading payments does not enhance trading participation. Overall, the attractiveness and effectiveness of emissions trading programs for afforestation activities on agricultural land are heavily influenced by the presence and level of federal agricultural conservation subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360762 |
| By: | Majeed, Fahd; Khanna, Madhu; Miao, Ruiqing |
| Abstract: | Perennial bioenergy crops, such as miscanthus and switchgrass, and crop residues have the potential to scale up Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) production and mitigate carbon emissions. However, high establishment costs, establishment lags, and risk and return profiles with bioenergy crops that differ from those of conventional crops can adversely affect incentives to produce them. We develop an economic model that incorporates spatially varying joint yield and price distributions for the multiple crop choices a farmer faces and apply it to examine the incentives for risk-averse, present-biased, and credit-constrained farmers to produce cellulosic feedstocks under various biomass prices. We link this model to a biogeochemical model to quantify the spatially varying carbon mitigation benefits from these feedstocks in the rainfed region of the United States. We also analyze the cost-effectiveness of two carbon payment policies: annual and upfront. We find that risk-averse, present-biased, or credit-constrained farmers prefer to grow the lower-yielding but less risky switchgrass and harvest corn stover instead of producing the lower carbon, higher-yielding but riskier feedstock miscanthus, resulting in lower SAF production. Upfront carbon payments incentivize higher quantities of less carbon-intensive SAF production by risk-averse, credit-constrained, and present-biased farmers because they offset a part of the establishment costs of miscanthus. We also find that when farmers are credit-constrained, upfront payments are more cost-effective in terms of carbon mitigation per dollar spent. In contrast, annual payments are more cost-effective when farmers can access credit. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360769 |
| By: | Afyan, Nadezhda; Aleksanyan, Alla |
| Abstract: | The implementation of SEA is crucial for Sustainable Development and Governance, especially under global initiatives like the Global Gateway strategy aimed at enhancing connectivity between Europe and the Global South. The article addresses challenges in effective SEA implementation, such as regulatory differences and limited institutional capacity, while advocating for a unified global framework to standardize SEA practices, thereby increasing governance reliability. SEA facilitates the integration of environmental sustainability into spatial development plans through collaborative decision-making, fostering resilient communities. As ecological challenges grow, effective governance through SEA can facilitate the transition to greener infrastructure and resilient communities. Strengthening SEA practices will be essential for achieving the goals of the Green Gateway Initiative within the broader sustainable development agenda. |
| Keywords: | Strategic environmental impact, spatial decisions |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:333907 |
| By: | Hastreiter, Nikolaus; Begley, Alfie; Dietz, Simon |
| Abstract: | This discussion paper examines the role of production emissions – specifically those arising from materials and manufacturing – in car manufacturers’ carbon footprints and emissions reduction targets. The current Transition Pathway Initiative (TPI) Carbon Performance (CP) methodology for the automotive sector focuses on tailpipe (Scope 3 Category 11) emissions, which remain the largest contributor to lifecycle emissions for internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs). However, as the industry shifts toward electric vehicles (EVs), a growing share of emissions is associated with upstream activities, including vehicle and battery production. The paper identifies substantial gaps and inconsistencies in how car manufacturers disclose manufacturing-related emissions. While most companies report Scope 1 and 2 emissions – covering direct and energy-related emissions from their own operations – at a group level, data on Scope 3 Category 1 emissions, which cover upstream supply chain activities, is sparse and inconsistent. Disclosure specific to passenger cars is even rarer. This limited data availability poses challenges for external stakeholders seeking to assess companies’ full emissions profiles and decarbonisation strategies. To address this, the paper proposes a preliminary approach to incorporate production emissions into TPI’s current CP methodology. Using IEA global average emissions factors and sales data for four major manufacturers – BMW, General Motors (GM), BYD, and Tesla – the analysis shows that including production emissions in companies’ historical carbon footprints and decarbonisation targets leads to a deterioration in alignment with low-carbon scenarios, particularly over the long term. These findings underscore the materiality of production emissions to car manufacturers’ decarbonisation strategies. They also highlight the narrowing gap between mixed ICE/EV producers and pure EV companies when upstream emissions are considered. A narrow focus on tailpipe emissions therefore may not comprehensively capture companies’ climate actions. The paper concludes with recommendations for investors to engage with companies to improve disclosure, support standardised reporting, and encourage comprehensive target-setting that includes production emissions. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130650 |
| By: | Modirzadeh, Seyed Alireza; Abolghasemzadeh, Hossein; Nasseri, Mohsen |
| Abstract: | Companies often prioritize maximizing profits without considering environmental costs, leading to significant ecological damage. This is the rationale behind carbon pricing policies, like carbon taxes or emissions trading schemes, which hold emitters accountable for greenhouse gas emissions by internalizing the costs of climate change. In energy-rich countries like Iran, where energy production is inexpensive, firms are similarly disinclined to improve energy efficiency. This neglect of long-term resource scarcity, social costs, and environmental impacts has contributed to Iran’s energy imbalance, with the government relying on short-term solutions like electricity and natural gas rationing. Despite the substantial potential for energy efficiency and renewable energy development, the availability of cheap fossil fuels continues to hinder progress. Both corporate neglect of environmental harm and Iran's energy inefficiency stem from the same root problem: external costs are not internalised in decision-making. Readily available resources and environmental services are undervalued, while long-term threats like climate change and resource depletion are overlooked. In this context, Iran's energy sector can learn from the global expansion of Emissions Trading Schemes, which limit greenhouse gas emissions through cap-and-trade mechanisms. These schemes encourage firms to either reduce emissions or face penalties, aligning business interests with environmental goals. This paper reviews Iran’s energy sector and examines both market and non-market approaches to reform. We conceptualize designs for revolving funds, energy efficiency and environment market, feed-in tariffs, direct government investment, and the implementation of cap-and-trade mechanism to regulate energy intensity and promote renewable energy. These strategies provide a roadmap for addressing Iran's energy challenges and advancing toward a more sustainable future. |
| Keywords: | cap and trade; Emission Trading Schemes; energy efficiency; greenhouse gas mitigation; Iranian energy market |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126603 |
| By: | Zhang, Zhi Min; Yu, Chengzheng; Deng, Yang |
| Abstract: | The low-carbon city pilot policy (LCCP) is an important measure for China toad-dress climate change and promote low-carbon transformation under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Based on the LCCP, this study uses the difference-in-differences method to explore the impact of the policy on the real carbon emissions, the carbon emissions transferred by enterprises along the industrial chain to down-stream enterprises (i.e., carbon out sourcing), and green invention and innovation of enterprises by quantifying the changes of enterprises’ comprehensive carbon emissions, carbon outsourcing, and green patent applications before and after the implementation of the low-carbon pilot policy. The results show that the pilot policy significantly inhibits the real carbon emissions (1.85%) and carbon outsourcing (44.46%) of enterprises and significantly enhance green invention and innovation of enterprises. The effect of the pilot policy on carbon emissions and the incentive effect on green invention and innovation both exhibit significant heterogeneity between heavily polluting and non-heavily polluting industries, as well as between the eastern and western regions. This paper provides a quantitative basis for the government to formulate incentive policies to strengthen green innovation, and regulate carbon emission. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360768 |
| By: | Brita Bye; Taran Fæhn (Statistics Norway); Lars Gulbrandsen; Kevin R. Kaushal; Christian Wilhelm Mohr; Gunnhild Søgaard; Asbjørn Torvanger; Jørgen Wettestad; Knut Øistad |
| Abstract: | Norway has positioned itself as a climate policy forerunner by aiming to reach net-zero emissions already by 2030. However, the net-zero ambition is not well-defined, not legally binding, nor substantiated by action plans. In a first, interdisciplinary, analysis we scrutinise the net-zero concept and discuss unilateral options. Second, we provide an economic analysis with a global computable model, SNOW, of the costs and macroeconomic impacts of various policy scenarios. It explores how the net-zero ambition interacts with other 2030 goals and quantifies the impacts of emphasising domestic abatement and carbon removal measures vs. paying for emission mitigation abroad. Finally, the 2030 results are revisited to assess how well they align with Norwegian and global climate targets for 2050. The main findings are that pursuing the net-zero ambition, on top of other binding 2030 goals Norway is already committed to, will increase costs by 25-100% depending on the use of domestic measures. On the margin, domestic measures are found to have only small, uncertain, and costly mitigation potential, thus, buying international carbon credits will be inevitable. Besides being significantly cheaper, carbon trading can have the potential benefits of developing the credit markets and the individual projects’ qualities. Even if domestic measures can play but a modest part in the net-zero strategy towards 2030, we identify several steps governments unilaterally can take today to expand abatement opportunities towards mid-century. We also find measures that seem cost-effective in pursuing 2030 goals but look less attractive against a global 2050 backdrop. |
| Keywords: | Net-zero emissions; Climate change mitigation, Abatement policies; Nationally Determined Contributions; Carbon credits; Emissions trading system; Effort-Sharing Regulation; LULUCF |
| JEL: | O44 O52 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:1024 |
| By: | Fadavi, Sara; Famulok, Jakob; Laudenbach, Christine; Lindner, Vincent |
| Abstract: | The reform of the EU's sustainable finance framework, in particular the Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (SFDR), reopens a debate about ESG labels and their alignment with investor preferences and policy objectives. This paper provides novel evidence on the role of ESG exclusion criteria in retail investment decisions. Using survey and experimental data from 1, 174 German retail investors, we show that exclusion-based preferences are central to how investors interpret and use ESG labels. Investors place significantly greater weight on social and governance exclusions than on environmental ones (S > G > E), with human rights, animal welfare, and corruption emerging as dominant concerns. Experimental evidence further demonstrates that only investors with strong altruistic values adjust their portfolios when provided with granular ESG information. Consequently, reforms to the sustainable framework should acknowledge the importance of social and governance exclusions and move towards granular labels, while being aware of the limits of sustainability labelling on the green transition. |
| Keywords: | ESG Exclusion Criteria, Retail Investor Preferences, Sustainable Finance Regulation (SFDR) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safepl:334514 |
| By: | Renaud Coulomb (Mines Paris–PSL University, CEDP, France); France d’Agrain (Mines Paris–PSL University, CEDP, France); Fanny Henriet (Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France) |
| Abstract: | Despite growing calls to phase it out, oil exploration persists, often justified by the natural decline of existing fields and potential efficiency gains from discoveries. This paper quantifies the global welfare and environmental impacts of restricting oil exploration. We develop a global dynamic model calibrated to a granular dataset of 14, 637 proven oilfields, accounting for heterogeneity in private extraction costs, capacity constraints, life-cycle carbon intensities of oil barrels, along with exploration dynamics and basin-specific estimates of yet-to-find resources. We find that exploration restrictions are an effective second-best climate policy: in the absence of a global carbon tax, a universal ban increases global welfare by$12.5 trillion due to lower social costs of oil production and use (assuming a social cost of carbon of$200/tCO2eq). A partial ban by OECD and BRICS countries alone captures 66% of these gains. Under optimal carbon pricing, however, a global ban yields a modest $0.3 trillion welfare loss, as it precludes access to lower-social-cost deposits and prevents the easing of short-run capacity constraints. |
| Keywords: | Oil exploration, climate change, Carbon tax, Ban, Second-best, Stranded assets |
| JEL: | Q58 Q54 Q31 Q35 Q41 Q38 H23 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2539 |
| By: | Marcelo Caffera; Alejandro Lopez-Feldman |
| Abstract: | We describe the main insights from the papers included in this special issue, Challenges for the Development of Latin America in the Anthropocene: Current Research in Environmental Economics. The contributions are organized around three themes: the economic and welfare impacts of temperature variability, the role of institutions and user rights in shaping environmental governance, and the effectiveness of regulatory instruments for managing ambient and atmospheric pollution. Together, these papers show that environmental outcomes in Latin America are deeply shaped by institutional capacity, governance quality, and social inequality. By combining rigorous empirical analysis with attention to local contexts, they demonstrate how environmental economics can inform policy responses to the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. |
| Keywords: | Latin America; climate impacts; governance and institutions; environmental regulation; pollution; climate change |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnt:wpaper:2513 |
| By: | Dundas, Steven J.; von Haefen, Roger H. |
| Abstract: | PLEASE SEE UPDATED VERSION, CEnREP Working Paper No. 19-016, at https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/283949... This paper estimates the demand for coastal recreational fishing in the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions of the United States and evaluates the potential welfare implications resulting from climate change. Specifically, we use short-run variability in temperature and precipitation to estimate the effect of weather on participation in shoreline fishing in coastal waters. We then simulate how climate change may impact those choices over time. Parameter estimates are combined with predictions from five global climate models under three emissions scenarios to estimate welfare changes associated with climate change over multiple time horizons. Overall, our results suggest the effects of climate change on shoreline recreational fishing are positive and significant in the long run (2080-2099) with simulation results predicting annual gains of up to $6.83 per trip, or $304 million in the aggregate. The results are decomposed seasonally and regionally to reveal substantial heterogeneity. Welfare gains associated with increasing temperatures in the non-summer months outweigh modest losses in the summer months. The Gulf Coast region has the potential to realize welfare losses, while the Mid-Atlantic and New England are likely to experience welfare gains in all seasons. Of the nearly 45 million annual trips predicted by the model, climate change may increase participation by 0.2 to 2.2 percent in the aggregate. Given the modest negative demand responses in the Gulf and Southeast regions, evidence of adaptation is identified from a model of night fishing. Results suggest that recreational anglers may shift their activities to night as daily high temperatures increase rather than change their participation decision. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:264980 |
| By: | Christian P. Traeger; Christian Träger |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the challenge of accurately modeling and estimating climate change damages. Time series approaches rely on weather shocks, while cross-sectional analyses capture climatic differences but suffer from omitted variable bias. Climate is defined as the statistical pattern of weather that persists over time and allows for adaptation, unlike unpredictable weather realizations. To assess econometric approaches, I (i) integrate forward-looking adaptation into a full-fledged integrated assessment model of climate change permitting an analytic solution and (ii) generalize the insights based on a dynamic stochastic envelope argument. I show how a carefully designed time series (or panel) estimation strategy can comprehensively identify the costs of climate change, including the indirect identification of unobserved adaptation costs. The paper also presents the first explicit formula for This result is not only insightful in its own right but also valuable for clarifying and refining prevailing envelope-theorem arguments in the literature and for emphasizing that adaptation costs are part of the social cost of carbon. |
| Keywords: | adaptation, climate change, climate econometrics, damages, integrated assess- ment, social cost of carbon, uncertainty, identification |
| JEL: | Q54 H23 D80 D62 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12353 |
| By: | Nicolò Bellanca |
| Abstract: | Despite unprecedented advances in climate science, satellite monitoring, and digital environmental surveillance, global environmental degradation continues largely unabated. From climate change to deforestation and urban air pollution, improvements in knowledge and monitoring capacity have not translated into commensurate gains in governing performance. This article advances a structural explanation for this persistent gap by linking long-run environmental governability to the concentration of political–administrative power. It develops a framework showing that environmental governance remains institutionally feasible over time only if three interdependent capacities are jointly preserved: (i) reliable transmission of environmental information, (ii) autonomous corrective accountability, and (iii) sustained political orientation toward long-term environmental protection. The central claim is that sufficiently high power concentration systematically undermines at least one of these capacities through endogenous mechanisms affecting information hierarchies, oversight autonomy, and elite selection. Once this occurs, governance failure becomes embedded in institutional architecture rather than remaining contingent on policy design, incentives, or declared political intentions. The framework is situated within the Earth System Governance literature on institutional architecture, polycentricity, accountability, and information politics. Its diagnostic implications are illustrated through comparative patterns from global atmospheric governance (Montreal Protocol versus Paris Agreement), Amazon deforestation governance in Brazil, and urban air-quality governance in China. The analysis clarifies why technological advances can enhance governance performance only within structurally viable institutional configurations, and why, beyond this region of feasibility, additional monitoring, surveillance, or modeling exhibit diminishing or null returns. By reframing environmental governance as a problem of structural feasibility under power concentration, the article contributes to current debates on the institutional conditions under which long-term environmental protection remains politically and administratively sustainable in the Anthropocene. |
| Keywords: | Environmental governance; Power concentration; Institutional feasibility; Polycentricity; Accountability; Information and monitoring; Elite selection; Anthropocene; Institutional architecture |
| JEL: | Q50 Q58 D72 H11 D73 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_22.rdf |
| By: | Venkatachalam Anbumozhi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)); Kentaro Yamada |
| Abstract: | Crop residue burning continues to pose major environmental, economic, and public health challenges in ASEAN. While the region has issued guidelines and advanced various initiatives, adoption of sustainable residue management practices remains uneven. Crop residues, however, are not merely a waste product – they are an underutilised resource with significant potential for creating new value chains, supporting rural incomes, and contributing to the region’s climate, circular economy and inclusive energy transition. A mix of public, private, and international financial mechanisms – ranging from incentives and concessional loans to carbon credits, private investment in infrastructure, and digital finance – can help small landholding farmers shift away from burning. Yet these measures require credible monitoring systems, stronger design, clearer time horizons, and better integration with technologies and market development. This brief outlines key financial strategies suited to ASEAN’s diverse agricultural landscapes and provides policy recommendations to support a long-term transition away from crop burning. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2025-14 |
| By: | Burda, Michael C. (Humboldt University Berlin); Goeth, Anna-Maria (World Bank); Zessner-Spitzenberg, Leopold (TU Wien) |
| Abstract: | In the context of a green energy transition, capital adjustment costs render effective substitution between clean and dirty energy sources finite and endogenous, despite infinite long-run substitutability. Ramsey optimal paths robustly frontload clean investment before exhaustion of a given carbon budget, but also generally imply some capital stranding. Along the path of emissions reduction, new investment is quantitatively more important than reduced output or labor redeployment. An ambitious climate goal in our benchmark calibration implies modest levels of stranded capital at 1.5% of GDP, but this rises to more than 7% if implementation is delayed by a decade. |
| Keywords: | growth model, energy transition, optimal investment, capital adjustment costs, carbon pricing |
| JEL: | E22 H23 O41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18356 |
| By: | Conesa Martinez, Marina |
| Abstract: | This policy brief explores the role of communication by central banks as they facilitate the operation of green bond markets. It analyses whether the integration of climate considerations into central banks’ communication strategies has had an effect on market behaviour. Summary An estimated US$4.5 trillion in annual investment is needed to meet the Paris Agreement targets and reduce the possibility of a significant drop in global GDP caused by unmitigated climate change. Central banks can play a crucial role in addressing this challenge by incorporating climate-related considerations into their frameworks, including strategic communication. Subject to legal requirements, central banks may also assume a catalytic role in promoting sustainable development. Cross-country evidence suggests that more active messaging from central banks about climate change considerations is positively associated with green bond issuance at the firm level. Green bonds and similar instruments can help channel funding to renewable energy, clean transport and other environmental projects. Overall, analysis of central bank speeches suggests that these communications can serve as a soft tool to bridge the financing gap for a low-carbon economy. By clearly communicating climate-related risks and policies, central banks could reduce uncertainty around their actions, foster confidence among investors and firms, and align market behaviour with long-term sustainability goals, ultimately supporting their objectives such as price and financial stability. Recommendations – central banks could: Regularly report on progress made on climate-related initiatives to strengthen credibility, address concerns about mandate overreach, and strengthen stakeholder trust. Integrate discussion of climate risks and policies into their regular communications wherever relevant, such as monetary policy statements, speeches and reports, to guide market behaviour and foster confidence in sustainable finance. Collaborate with international organisations to standardise taxonomies and verification mechanisms, ensuring credibility and addressing greenwashing. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–10–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130756 |
| By: | Martín, Roberto Spacey; Ranger, Nicola; Schimanski, Tobias; Leippold, Markus |
| Abstract: | The extent to which firms are adapting and building resilience to environmental change is crucial information for financial institutions, regulators and governments. While corporates’ physical climate risk exposure of their assets to environmental change can be calculated using models, additional information is needed to evaluate their vulnerability to physical climate change, how well they are adapting and broader alignment with societal adaptation and resilience (A&R) goals. This paper empirically evaluates the extent of A&R-related information in current corporate sustainability reports to provide such insights. We build on established sustainability disclosure frameworks and develop an A&R disclosure framework that we combine with the latest advances in large language models to assess S&P 500 company sustainability reports. We prove that corporate A&R disclosure is lacking, particularly around risks, metrics and targets, underlining the need to consider other data sources when assessing firm-level risks and contributions to societal A&R goals. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; adaptation finance; AI; artificial intelligence; climate change; climate risk; corporate disclosure; physical climate risk; resilience; sustainability reporting |
| JEL: | F3 G3 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130809 |
| By: | Blumberg, Joey |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343557 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265602 |
| By: | Smolenska, Agnieszka |
| Abstract: | Polycentric governance is a trust-intensive and trust-dependent governance that should actively seek to build and restore trust. The different ways in which this is done are poorly understood. Our study of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategies and the green transition clarifies the role of enhanced self-regulation and intermediaries in trust-building and trust-repair in polycentric governance. ESG rating providers as intermediaries may help to build and repair trust, but as with any trustee, they represent a trust challenge as well. This article addresses these issues and is organized around three major questions: First, what are the political dynamics around the adoption of the rules for ESG ratings providers in the EU and United Kingdom? Second, what are the differences between the trust-building and the trust-repair strategies deployed? Third, how do these differences reflect the different approaches to the trust challenges of regulation by and of intermediaries? We apply process tracing and a comparative analysis of the regulation of ESG rating providers to generate insights into the trust-building and trust-repair strategies of rule-makers. Our analysis leads us to identify varieties of enhanced self-regulation that are differentiated by the regulatory strategies adopted by the rule-makers vis-à-vis regulatory intermediaries. We show how such efforts may combine different elements of mandatory and voluntary regulation, and we shed light on the differentiated conceptualizations and complexities of the function of trust in polycentric governance regimes as a whole. |
| Keywords: | enhanced self-regulation; ESG; greenwashing; regulatory intermediaries; sustainable finance; trust; trust-repair; varieties of self-regulation |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130609 |
| By: | Scheer, Antonina; Honneth, Johannes; Hizliok, Setenay; Dietz, Simon; Nuzzo, Carmen |
| Abstract: | Assessing Sovereign Climate-related Opportunities and Risks (ASCOR) is an investor-led project to develop a free, publicly available, independent tool that assesses countries on climate change. The ASCOR framework is composed of indicators for the transparent assessment of the progress made by countries in managing the low-carbon transition and the impacts of climate change. ASCOR aims to inform, support and facilitate investors’ decision-making on sovereign bonds and enable a more explicit consideration of climate change. The project hopes to facilitate engagement and dialogue between issuers and investors and drive financing for climate change mitigation and adaptation. ASCOR will also enable countries to showcase their improvements on the transition to a low-carbon and resilient future by providing independent and open-source assessments of their targets and policies. |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130777 |
| By: | Benjamin Sheehan (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan); Yingying Zhang Zhang (IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan) |
| Abstract: | This chapter explores the bidirectional relationship between environmental concern and transhumanism, a philosophy that promotes transcending human biological limitations through technology. Two preliminary experiments reveal critical insights. Specifically, Study 1 shows that exposure to transhumanist concepts increases the perceived importance of technology over nature, which in turn reduces environmental concern and green purchase intent. Study 2 reveals the inverse pattern - heightened environmental concern increases participants f willingness to adopt transhumanist modifications. Together, these findings suggest a potential feedback loop in which transhumanist ideals may erode environmental concern, contributing to environmental degradation, which may subsequently heighten acceptance of transhumanist interventions. This work sheds light on how societies might respond to escalating environmental crises and technological solutions proposed to address them. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Concern, Transhumanism; Nature Connectedness, Technological Optimism, Terror Management Theory, Compensatory Control Theory, Human-technology relations |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iuj:wpaper:ems_2026_01 |
| By: | Edwards, Eric C.; O'Grady, Trevor; Jenkins, David |
| Abstract: | Bureaucratic rules are implemented in organizations with limited direct financial incentives for agents to pursue the policy desired by the principal. However, these constraints can lead to inflexibility and delay. We examine the effect of bureaucratic rules on oil and gas drilling, production, and pollution in Wyoming using the allocation of alternating square-mile land sections to private owners via the Pacific Railroad Acts as a natural experiment. Subsequent to allocation, extensive natural gas extraction from the Green River Formation, undiscovered at the time the land was assigned, has occurred with only limited changes to the initial land assignment. Delay for drilling permits on federal land, attributable to compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act, is higher than on private land. Consistent with the anticipated effect of delay, federal lands in aggregate see reduced drilling and production relative to private parcels. However, federal lands see significantly lower rates of oil and water spills, even within individual companies drilling on both types of land, suggesting a tradeoff between permitting expediency and environmental protection. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:285030 |
| By: | Olivera, Serena; Börner, Jan; Sellare, Jorge |
| Abstract: | The intensification of livestock production systems driven by growing demand for animal products has resulted in significant environmental challenges. Manure mismanagement in intensive systems can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and potential contamination of water and soil, thus contributing to biodiversity loss and climate change. We study manure management adoption in dairy farms in Buenos Aires, Argentina where livestock production is strongly linked to cultural traditions and faces multiple barriers to sustainable change, such as strong taxation and high levels of uncertainty. Specifically, we examine how two key behavioral and social mechanisms shape adoption outcomes: farmers’ risk preferences, and the interplay between farm succession and family labor availability. To our knowledge, these factors have not been previously explored and are especially relevant to the local context. We run an ordinal logistic regression based on farm-level data. Farmers’ risk preferences are elicited using a lottery-based experiment, while succession is proxied by the farmer’s perception of his/her children continuing dairy farm activities. We complement our analysis using semi-structured interviews with key informants to add qualitative insights into the motivations and constraints for adoption. We find that farmers more willing to take risks are more likely to adopt manure management practices, but this effect becomes weaker with farmers that simultaneously present loss-aversion. Family dynamics also play a key role. Surprisingly, farmers who expect a child to take over the farm, but do not currently have family labor on the farm, are less likely to adopt. Yet, when both succession and active family labor are in place, the likelihood of adoption increases significantly. We find that in-farm sustainable investments are more prone when the succession is expected and the family is actively engaged in farm labor. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360677 |
| By: | Loduca, Natalie R.; Sears, James |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) cost-share programs in promoting cover crop adoption. Cover crops offer multiple public ecological benefits, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving water quality, along with private benefits to farmers from improvements in soil health, weed suppression, and a reduction in soil erosion. However, adoption of cover crops remains below the socially-optimal level due to high adoption costs and incomplete internalization of broader ecosystem services. The cost-share payments from NRCS allow farmers to bridge this gap between the public and private benefits of conservation practices. First, our theoretical model demonstrates that failing to separate voluntary adoption program payments into their cost-share proportion and per-acre cost components will yield incorrect conclusions regarding the impact of cost-share generosity on enrolled cover crop acreage. Next, using disaggregated NRCS program participation data and a panel fixed effects regression approach, we isolate the effect of cost-share generosity from per-acre payments and provide novel evidence on the role cost-share generosity plays in driving voluntary conservation program participation and cover crop adoption in agriculture. Lastly, we utilize remote-sensing data on total county-level cover crop and conservation tillage acreage to estimate complementarity models. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the adoption of cover crops and offer insights into the role of government incentives in increasing sustainable agricultural practices. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361184 |
| By: | Lu, Pei Jyun |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343980 |
| By: | Ryan, Alexander |
| Abstract: | To assist regulators and policymakers in monitoring climate-related risks in the financial system, I study whether banks are tailoring their mortgage lending strategy to manage the risk of rising occurrences of flood natural disaster events. Using a novel research design, this study seeks to determine whether financial institutions reduce financial exposure to communities with high flood disaster risk by either reducing residential mortgage originations, increasing mortgage sales, or increasing the share of higher-priced mortgages originated. My empirical strategy expands the existing literature which has not explicitly incorporated information from the frequency and magnitude of past flooding events on ex-ante flood risk within a county into the bank decision-making process. Results suggest that the average mortgage lender decreases acceptance rates, increases the sale of mortgages, and increases the origination of higher-priced mortgages in response to high flood risk. These results are most pronounced when considering nonlinearities in the number of recent floods and interactions with the magnitude of flood damage. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that commercial banks, originate-to-hold banks, and banks operating with lower financial stress have stronger responses to flood risk compared to credit unions, independent mortgage banks, originate-to-distribute banks, and banks with higher levels of risk. I support ongoing efforts by financial regulators to monitor climate-related financial risks which will become more poignant as the trend in climate-induced natural disasters increases over time. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360730 |
| By: | Arnone, Massimo; Costantiello, Alberto; Drago, Carlo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on financial development, using Domestic Credit to the Private Sector by Banks (DCB) as the core indicator of credit market development. To effectively market the research within the broader literature on finance and ESG issues, the authors employ an approach combining econometric analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), cluster analysis, and network analysis. By analyzing the impact through the estimation of the model parameters through the impact of instrumental variable estimation on the model parameters (using Two-Stage Least Squares (IV), Random Effects (IV), and First-Differenced (IV) methods), the study confirms that access to clean fuels and natural resource depletion impact the model margins significantly. However, across all the models used in the analysis, the impact of access to clean energy is positive. By analyzing the significance of the issue using the KNN model throughout the research process on the impact of ESG on credit market dynamics across countries, the research demonstrates that the issue is significant. By performing hierarchical cluster analysis on the significance of the research by considering the significance of the issue in its contribution to the impact on credit market dynamics in countries, in terms of climate stress issues being core in influencing the dynamics of credit in countries, through network analysis mapping performed by carrying out research on the topic. |
| Keywords: | ESG, Financial Development, Domestic Credit, Sustainability, Environmental Indicators |
| JEL: | C38 E44 G21 O16 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127044 |
| By: | Almeida, Elena; Goumet, Laudine; Greenslade, Wallis; Waaifoort, Maria |
| Abstract: | Nature degradation and climate change are deeply interconnected crises that reinforce each other, exacerbating risks for the economy, financial system and societal wellbeing. This relationship is often described as the climate–nature nexus. • We identify five interactions within the climate–nature nexus: (1) the physical impacts of climate change contribute to nature degradation; (2) the physical impacts of nature degradation contribute to climate change; (3) climate mitigation and adaptation efforts can contribute to nature degradation; (4) environmental policy and legislation can delay the roll-out of climate mitigation projects; and (5) conserving nature can contribute to climate adaptation, mitigation and resilience. • For policymakers, adopting a systemic approach to the climate–nature nexus is no longer optional: considering climate and nature separately or sequentially in monetary, financial, economic and fiscal policymaking will leave blind spots in risk assessments, reduce the effectiveness of policy interventions, and overlook opportunities for co-benefits. • Central banks and financial supervisors need to improve their understanding of the risks and opportunities associated with the climate–nature nexus and adapt current tools or create new approaches to better take them into account. For example, nature degradation should be incorporated alongside climate change in supervisory expectations, risk assessments and scenario analyses. • Ministries of Finance sit at the heart of government decision-making and have a range of levers at their disposal to address the climate–nature nexus, including developing better decision support tools (e.g. natural capital accounting), broadening green taxonomies to include nature, catalysing cross-departmental work on harmful subsidy reform, and integrating nature criteria into public spending screening. |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–10–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130755 |
| By: | Ranger, Nicola |
| Abstract: | This report consists of a submission by the Earth Capital Nexus initiative, hosted by the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, made in response to the open consultation by the Bank of England CP10/25 — Enhancing banks’ and insurers’ approaches to managing climate-related risks — Update to SS3/19. This consultation represents an important step forward in safeguarding the stability and competitiveness of the UK financial system in the face of accelerating environmental change. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate risks; financial resilience; nature-related risks; Resilience; scenario analysis; UK |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–08–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130522 |
| By: | Simon F. Lang |
| Abstract: | How should nations price carbon? This paper examines how the treatment of global inequality, captured by regional welfare weights, affects optimal carbon prices. I develop theory to identify the conditions under which accounting for differences in marginal utilities of consumption across countries leads to more stringent global climate policy in the absence of international transfers. I further establish a connection between the optimal uniform carbon prices implied by different welfare weights and heterogeneous regional preferences over climate policy stringency. In calibrated simulations, I find that accounting for global inequality reduces optimal global emissions relative to an inequality-insensitive benchmark. This holds both when carbon prices are regionally differentiated, with emissions 21% lower, and when they are constrained to be globally uniform, with the uniform carbon price 15% higher. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.24520 |
| By: | Sauer, E. L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263877 |
| By: | Cooray, Ayesha; Wu, JunJie; Dorfman, Jeffrey |
| Abstract: | High-profile incidents of flooding, catastrophic lagoon breaches, and thousands of animal deaths have put a spotlight on the environmental risks associated with a geographically-concentrated hog industry and the annual storm season in North Carolina. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of swine feeding operations on surface water quality given existing permit protocols, examine the role of precipitation in exacerbating outcomes, and evaluate whether the current regulatory/permit system can be revised to better protect North Carolina’s water resources. Using inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and fecal coliform readings from surface water quality monitoring locations throughout the state, daily precipitation, and the list of permitted animal feeding operations, we estimate difference-in-difference models to compare surface water quality outcomes before and after excessive precipitation across monitoring locations. Our results indicate that excessive rain triggers levels of fecal coliform that exceed the Environmental Protection Agency’s safety standards for drinking, swimming, and boating at monitoring locations downstream of swine feeding operations. Given the low incidence of reported lagoon overflows in our period of analysis, our results suggest that runoff from manure applied ahead of extreme rainfall is the primary mechanism by which hog feeding facilities damage water resources in North Carolina. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360734 |
| By: | Liu, Min; Huang, Kaixing; Wang, Jizhe; Wuepper, David |
| Abstract: | Ecosystem restoration is often perceived as competing with agricultural production, yet this perception neglects potential synergies emerging from biophysical feedbacks. Here, we demonstrate that large-scale grassland restoration under China’s Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) significantly enhances maize yields by regulating local microclimate. Using a staggered difference-in-differences design with county-level panel data, we show that restored grasslands reduced average growing-season temperatures by approximately 0.11℃ and increased precipitation by 11.48mm, thereby suppressing extreme heat and drought during critical reproductive stages. These changes extended the maize reproductive growth period by 0.93 days, elevating yields by 7.76% (0.437t/ha) and reducing crop failure risk by 25.9%. Economically, the yield gains alone offset over 80% of program costs within five years, and the additional production could alleviate nearly 10% of China's maize import deficit in the Northern Spring Maize Region. Our findings overturn the conventional trade-off narrative between conservation and agri culture, positioning ecosystem restoration as a scalable strategy for climate resilient food security. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem restoration, agricultural production, climate change adaptation, grassland, China, cost-benefit analysis |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127058 |
| By: | Poensgen, Ira; Beaulieu, Julien; Chamorro, Camila; Chan, Tiffanie; Fulvi, Chiara; Goon, Robin; Goumet, Laudine; Greenslade, Wallis; Hajagos Toth, Akos; Manning, Mark; Scheer, Antonina |
| Abstract: | This report consists of a submission made by CETEx, the TPI Global Climate Transition Centre and the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment in response to the open consultation by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero seeking views on implementation routes for transition plan requirements. Details on the consultation, ‘Climate-related transition plan requirements’, are available here. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–09–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130790 |
| By: | Long, Yanxu |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, International Development |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343677 |
| By: | Somerville, Scott; Mérel, Pierre; Hadacheck, Jeffrey |
| Abstract: | Nitrate pollution threatens human health and ecosystems in many regions of the world. Although scientists agree that nitrogen compounds from human activity, notably agriculture, enter groundwater systems, empirical estimates of the impacts of land use on nitrate concentrations in well water are still lacking. We provide evidence of such impacts by combining nitrate concentration measurements from 6, 016 groundwater wells with remotely sensed California land use data from 2007–2023. We categorize agricultural land uses according to crops’ propensities to leach nitrogen and further consider high- and low-density urban development, in addition to undeveloped land—the default land use. Results show that a 10 percentage point increase in the share of land used to grow high-nitrogen crops within 500 meters of a well is associated with a 12% increase in nitrate concentrations a decade later. The same increase in low-intensity urban development is associated with a 10% increase. Local cattle populations also contribute to nitrate pollution. When conditioning on initial nitrate measurements, the impact of nearby land use on future nitrate concentrations attenuates and is imprecisely estimated, demonstrating the legacy nature of nitrate leaching into groundwater. A calculation based on our regression estimates further implies that replacing high-nitrogen with low-nitrogen crops around our sample of wells would achieve a 4.8% reduction in nitrate concentrations, saving municipal water systems approximately $25 million annually. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361194 |
| By: | Pierre Coster; Julian di Giovanni; Isabelle Méjean |
| Abstract: | Several countries have implemented a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system to establish high carbon prices and create a disincentive for the use of fossil fuels. Essentially, the tax encourages firms to substitute toward low carbon emission energy. Costs also rise for firms down the supply chain that use production inputs with high-emission content, so the total impact of a carbon tax can be large. In practice, however, firms also have an incentive to find an offset to a carbon tax. In this post, based on our recent work, we present evidence of one such adaptation strategy. We show that French firms increased their imports of high-emission inputs from suppliers outside the European Union’s cap-and-trade system, known as the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), reducing the effectiveness of this approach to cutting carbon emissions—an adaptation strategy that leads to “carbon leakage.” To help stop this leakage, the EU is implementing a “carbon tariff” in 2026, which is the topic of a companion post. |
| Keywords: | firm sourcing; supply chain adaptation; carbon tax; carbon tariffs; carbon leakage |
| JEL: | F14 F18 F64 H23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:102304 |
| By: | Dubrie, Artie; Katwaroo, Arista |
| Abstract: | Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face significant environmental, economic, and social challenges due to the impacts of the massive influxes of Sargassum seaweed (henceforth, "Sargassum"). Conventional reactive interventions have demonstrated limited efficacy in addressing the recurrent proliferation of Sargassum blooms. These impacts are attributable to the immense scale and volumetric magnitude of these events, alongside their considerable spatiotemporal variabilities across the Caribbean sub-region. Furthermore, the absence of robust, harmonized management frameworks across affected jurisdictions exacerbates these challenges. Governmental bodies, development partners, and other stakeholders are seeking sustainable management strategies to address the persistent annual recurrences of these blooms. This study examines and proposes an exploratory framework based on the principles of integrative and adaptive natural resources management (IANRM) and its application to Sargassum management. The framework integrates diverse management strategies, considers interconnected environmental, social, and economic factors in stakeholder engagements, and promotes adaptive learning. Adopting an IANRM approach enables a shift from reactive crisis management to proactive resilience, potentially transforming Sargassum from a challenge to a valuable resource while safeguarding coastal ecosystems and livelihoods. The study provides recommendations for future research on implementing an IANRM approach to promote sustainable Sargassum management in the SIDS region. |
| Date: | 2025–12–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col033:84504 |
| By: | Martin C. Hänsel; Daniel Spiro |
| Abstract: | Addressing the distributional effects of climate policy is one of the key challenges for securing a just and successful transition to carbon neutrality. Leaning on a large body of research, this paper answers four questions pertinent to understanding and counteracting the distributional effects of climate policy: 1) Why are the distributional effects of climate policy important? 2) Why do they arise? 3) What compensatory mechanisms and tools exist? 4) Which compensatory tools should be used? Our focus is on national, intragenerational distributional effects and policy. We demonstrate that, while previous research has primarily examined the distributional effects of carbon pricing, the transition to carbon neutrality, which we refer to as the “climate transition, ” generates numerous other distributional effects that are largely understudied. We further highlight that what makes the climate transition different from other technological transitions is that it affects households’ costs, e.g., via carbon pricing, rather than households’ income through, e.g., job loss. This implies that welfare systems in most countries, which are geared towards handling income shocks, are not well-equipped to handle the distributional effects of climate policy. Our mapping reveals, at least tentatively, that those households and individuals who bear the highest relative costs of climate policy (rural, low-income households) are also those who reap less of its material and health benefits and care the least about mitigating global climate damage for intergenerational sustainability. This observation, along with welfare systems that fail to adjust to cost shocks, may rationalize the political backlash. We conceptually posit three desirable characteristics for compensatory measures: they should be efficient, precisely targeted, and visible. We evaluate the policy toolkit based on these characteristics and illustrate how achieving them may be mutually exclusive. While there exist potent and common tools to compensate low-income households, e.g., progressive income taxes, the tools for compensating for the geographical distributional effects are scarce and may imply inefficiencies. In summary, our review identifies several gaps in the current scientific literature and provides a mapping of available policies to help policymakers decide on when and why to use different measures. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, distributional effects, inequality, welfare |
| JEL: | Q5 R11 D63 H2 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12348 |
| By: | Banzhaf, H. Spencer; Mathews, William; Walsh, Randall |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between racial segregation and environmental equity in Pittsburgh from 1910 to 1940. Utilizing newly digitized historical data on the spatial distribution of air pollution in what was likely America’s most polluted city, we analyze how racial disparities in exposure to air pollution evolved during this period of heightening segregation. Our findings reveal that black residents experi- enced significantly higher levels of pollution compared to their white counterparts, and this disparity increased over time. We identify within-city moves as a critical factor exacerbating this inequity, with black movers facing increased pollution expo- sure. In contrast, European immigrants, who were also initially exposed to relatively high levels of pollution, experience declining exposure as they assimilate over this time period. We also provide evidence of the capitalization of air pollution into hous- ing markets. Taken as a whole, our results underscore the importance of considering environmental factors in discussions of racial and economic inequalities. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:347603 |
| By: | Ayvazyan, Anna |
| Abstract: | The article examines the evolution of corporate governance in the banking sector within the context of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles. Global trends indicate that banks have become key actors in sustainable finance, actively engaging in the issuance of green bonds, adopting ESG strategies, and applying new risk assessment frameworks. Special attention is given to the influence of international regulatory bodies on banking policies. The research demonstrates that the integration of ESG principles is reshaping governance structures in banks, redefining models of oversight and accountability toward a stakeholderoriented system focused on long-term value creation. The study concludes that ESG criteria have become an integral part of modern corporate governance, promoting both financial stability and social responsibility within the banking sector. |
| Keywords: | corporate governance, ESG, green bond, banking sector |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:333915 |
| By: | Li Chen; Jiti Gao; Farshid Vahid |
| Abstract: | This paper predicts the emergence of an ice-free Arctic using a nonlinear endogenous co-trending regression model. The model captures the nonlinear co-trending relationship between Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) and regional surface temperatures, which are influenced by long-run factors such as radiative forcing from greenhouse gases (GHG) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index. By conditioning the analysis on various Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) for future GHG emissions and projected AMO cyclical patterns, we offer long-term predictions of Arctic SIE. Our findings indicate the likely emergence of an ice-free Arctic before 2050 under the worst-case emission scenario. |
| Keywords: | Arctic sea ice, Box-Cox transformation, climate change, ice-free Arctic |
| JEL: | Q54 C22 C53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msh:ebswps:2025-3 |
| By: | Résolus, Dany; Alcantara, Reymark; Wang, Chenggang; Che, Yuyuan; Wenxuan, Guo; Oluwatola, Adedeji |
| Abstract: | Cotton production in the Texas High Plains—a semi-arid region—is heavily dependent on supplemental irrigation due to highly variable and insufficient rainfall. With increasing water scarcity, optimizing irrigation practices has become essential for improving profitability and promoting sustainable resource use. This study employs a two-stage empirical framework to determine the optimal irrigation level for maximizing profit in cotton cultivation within the region. In the first stage, a fixed-effects panel regression model is estimated using plot-level data from multiple sites and years, capturing the nonlinear relationship between total water supply and cotton yield while controlling for biophysical and climatic variables. In the second stage, the estimated yield function will be embedded in an economic optimization model that incorporates actual cotton market prices and irrigation costs. Preliminary econometric results indicate a statistically significant, concave yield response to total water supply, consistent with diminishing marginal returns. Optimization results are currently under development and will be presented in subsequent versions of the study. These findings highlight the need for data-driven irrigation strategies and supportive policy interventions to enhance the economic and environmental sustainability of cotton farming in semi-arid agroecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360948 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265613 |
| By: | James, Leonard J. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263886 |
| By: | Feyertag, Joe |
| Abstract: | Climate change, environmental degradation, and the accelerating transition to a low-carbon economy are reshaping global labour markets. These forces are altering both the demand for and supply of labour, with far-reaching implications for central banks. As institutions that closely monitor labour market dynamics to guide monetary policy, central banks will increasingly need to account for the disruptions caused by environmental pressures. This report addresses a critical gap in current analysis by exploring how environmental risks intersect with central banks’ mandates through the labour market. It aims to equip central banks with the insights needed to integrate these evolving risks into their policy frameworks and operational decisions. |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130735 |
| By: | Islam, Mujahidul; Klaiber, H. Allen |
| Abstract: | As solar energy infrastructure rapidly expands across the U.S., particularly on agricultural land, it increasingly competes with farmland conservation efforts such as the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). This study investigates whether utility-scale solar development undermines ACEP enrollment, focusing on spatial and temporal substitution patterns between these two land uses. Drawing on a county-level panel dataset spanning 2002 to 2022 across the contiguous U.S., this study employs discrete-time hazard and competing risks models to estimate the timing and probability of ACEP enrollment relative to solar land conversion. Findings reveal that ACEP enrollment and solar development rarely coincide within the same county-year, indicating emerging substitution. While cumulative solar presence may, in some cases, trigger defensive conservation efforts, large-scale solar installations are generally associated with lower ACEP enrollment, especially in high-farmland, rural regions. Urban and high-saturation counties, by contrast, exhibit stronger institutional continuity and peer effects driving conservation. These results suggest a growing land-use conflict between climate mitigation and agricultural preservation goals, calling for integrated policy solutions such as adaptive easement designs or differentiated incentives to reconcile conservation with renewable energy expansion. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361206 |
| By: | António Afonso; José Alves; João Jalles; Sofia Monteiro |
| Abstract: | Climate change is reshaping sovereign risk and macroeconomic stability by amplifying fiscal and external fragilities. This paper develops a unified framework to assess how climate vulnerability and resilience jointly influence fiscal–external solvency. We construct a market-based sustainability index that integrates time-varying fiscal and external reaction coefficients – estimated using Schlicht’s (2021) method-weighted by sovereign yields. Using a global panel of more than 60 economies (1981–2024), we document four key findings. First, structural vulnerability exerts a large and persistent drag on sustainability, even after controlling for macro fundamentals, as higher exposure magnifies expected losses and tightens financing conditions. Second, resilience does not display a strong unconditional effect but significantly mitigates the adverse impact of vulnerability, acting as a state-contingent stabilizer. Third, local projections with smooth transition (LP-STAR) reveal sharp nonlinearities: identical climate shocks trigger modest, short-lived effects in low-vulnerability or high-resilience regimes but cause deep and persistent deterioration when vulnerability is high and resilience weak. Fourth, these dynamics generate an “adaptation trap” – a self-reinforcing cycle where vulnerability raises yields, yields compress fiscal space, and limited adaptation perpetuates vulnerability. Policy implications are clear: resilience investment yields sizable macrofinancial returns by reducing expected losses and compressing climate risk premia, while delaying adaptation risks entrenching fragility. Our results highlight the need to embed climate parameters into debt sustainability analyses and sovereign risk frameworks, particularly for emerging markets facing tighter financing constraints. |
| Keywords: | Climate vulnerability; Climate resilience; Fiscal sustainability; External sustainability; Sovereign risk premia. |
| JEL: | C33 E62 F34 H63 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp04002026 |
| By: | Kim, Hannah; Hultgren, Andrew; Janzen, Sarah |
| Abstract: | Weather extremes in early childhood can disrupt child growth and nutrition outcomes, but global evidence across developing countries remains limited. We examine the impact of temperature and precipitation variations on early childhood malnutrition across 57 low and middle income countries using over 1.2 million children from Demographic and Health Surveys linked to high-resolution ERA5 weather data. Using bin regression and restricted cubic splines, we identify nonlinear weather effects on stunting, underweight, and wasting probability while controlling for national, seasonal, and regional confounding factors. Our results show that both temperature and precipitation variations increase the probability of childhood malnutrition. We find that temperature has a nonlinear effect on stunting, where both high temperatures (above 90°F) and low temperatures (below 50°F) increase the probability by 1.3-1.4 percentage points relative to moderate conditions. Exposure to heat is associated with underweight and wasting, with months above 90°F increasing these outcomes by 1.2 and 1.0 percentage points, respectively. Precipitation effects vary by outcome type. Drought conditions below 5mm monthly precipitation increase underweight probability by 0.5 percentage points, while heavy rainfall above 250mm increases wasting risk by 0.4 percentage points. Effects vary across child age groups, with temperature showing more precise impacts on stunting among older children, while precipitation effects remain largely insignificant across age groups. Rural children show greater vulnerability to precipitation extremes, particularly for heavy rainfall effects on underweight and wasting. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360729 |
| By: | Edwards, D. T. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263827 |
| By: | Yu, Chengzheng; Hu, Hanwen; Zhang, Zhi Min |
| Abstract: | The Watershed Ecological Compensation Mechanism (ECM) is an innovative policy tool to deal with environmental challenges in the context of the coordinated development of environment and economy. In this study, we utilize a difference-in-differences method to examine the impact of the ECM in Dongjiang River Basin. We collect the law enforcement monitoring data of key environmental supervision units from the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, and quantify the impact of the ECM on the sewage discharge of key polluting enterprises. The results show that the implementation of the Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Dongjiang River Basin reduces the concentration of biochemical oxygen demand (about 12.48 mg/L) and suspended solids (about 6.07 mg/L) in the wastewater discharged by polluting enterprises. There is significant heterogeneity in the effect of this policy in areas with different population sizes. The implementation of the policy has a more significant effect on the pollution reduction in low-population areas. This study provides a reference for the government to optimize the formulation of compensation standards and compensation forms, and to enhance the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate through incentive measures, so as to promote the ecological governance of the Dongjiang River Basin and realize the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360752 |
| By: | Nicolas Berman (Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France); Mathieu Couttenier (ENS de Lyon, Center for Economic Research on Governance, Inequality and Conflict, CNRS and CEPR); Raphael Soubeyran (CEE-M, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France) |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between culture and environmental conservation through the lens of deforestation. Focusing on Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2001- 2021, we show that changes of national leaders affect deforestation in a way that depends on the environmental culture of their ethnic group’s. We use data on folklore to measure the importance of forests in group-specific culture. We find that deforestation and land-intensive activities increase in the ethnic homelands of leaders whose ethnic groups have no or little forest-related culture. These patterns are reversed when the leader’s group has a salient forest culture. Our results suggest that culture is an important lever for environmental conservation in Africa. |
| Keywords: | Culture, Deforestation, Politics, Folklore, ethnicity, Africa |
| JEL: | Z1 Q5 D7 J15 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2537 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264718 |
| By: | Schmid, Anna |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343891 |
| By: | Cathrine Hagem (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | Environmental restoration as a compensatory mechanism for the development of previously undisturbed land can play a significant role in fulfilling nature conservation objectives. Numerous local authorities have adopted spatial planning frameworks that incorporate nature targets, such as “no net loss” (NNL) often operationalized through net area or net biodiversity principles (i.e., area neutrality, or no net loss in biodiversity). This study employs a simplified analytical economic model to evaluate the welfare implications of both local offset schemes and coordinated offset strategies across adjacent regions, accounting for ecosystem services that benefit the local community. We show that a standalone offset market generally fails to achieve the first-best outcome as an offset market designed to ensure NNL in developed land will typically diverge from the welfare-optimal level of net development. However, an advantage of the offset market is that restoration can be achieved without any public transfers. Interregional cooperation in achieving NNL targets can improve overall welfare compared to isolated regional strategies. If the target is set to NNL, the offset market ensures that this target is achieved in a cost-effective manner as marginal cost of restoration equals marginal profit from development. However, an offset markets targeting net gain or net loss result in inefficient levels of both development and restoration. Furthermore, we suggest that implementing a permit system based on environmental value metrics rather than strict area-based neutrality (ambient permits), may mitigate some of the inefficiencies inherent in area neutrality frameworks. |
| Keywords: | Environmental restoration; Nature degradation; Offset markets; Public goods; Biodiversity targets; Ambient permit |
| JEL: | D47 D61 Q26 Q51 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:1029 |
| By: | Daniel H. Karney; Don Fullerton; Kathy Baylis |
| Abstract: | Computational general equilibrium (CGE) models can evaluate detailed tax reforms, trade restrictions, or environmental policy. These models can capture many complexities, but these complexities can make results difficult to interpret. Analytical general equilibrium (AGE) models provide better intuition and interpretation but cannot capture relevant complexities. We propose a method that employs AGE models to understand CGE models – a “model of the model”. We apply this idea to climate policy and carbon leakage – the increase in emissions elsewhere. Our AGE models identify seven key economic determinants of leakage within any one outcome. We then unpack results from three existing CGE models. |
| JEL: | C63 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34533 |
| By: | Selvaraju, Sangeeth |
| Abstract: | This policy brief analyses draft emissions intensity targets for the iron and steel sector in India, as set out in the recently introduced Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS), and discusses the implications for the broader trajectory of low-carbon steel policy. The carbon market is one key part of the policy package for low-carbon steel. |
| Keywords: | carbon credit; carbon trading; emissions intensity; India; iron and steel; manufacturing; steel |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 L81 |
| Date: | 2025–08–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130523 |
| By: | Pierre Coster; Julian di Giovanni; Isabelle Méjean |
| Abstract: | The European Union has been an early adopter of carbon policies, with the introduction of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) in 2005. This scheme sets a common price for carbon and is applied to the most polluting manufacturing sectors. By increasing the cost of emissions-intensive production, the system incentivizes firms to decrease their use of fossil fuels. However, as we show in a companion post, the policy’s impact was moderated by firms increasing their reliance on high-emissions imports. To eliminate this workaround, the EU will expand the ETS to imports in 2026, through the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The CBAM will essentially put a tariff on imported goods based on their carbon content. Our recent work provides a quantitative analysis of how the ETS and CBAM affect firms’ supply choice decisions, and the resulting changes in domestic prices and emissions. |
| Keywords: | firm sourcing; supply chain adaptation; carbon tax; carbon tariffs; carbon leakage |
| JEL: | F14 F18 F64 H23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2026–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:102305 |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Held under the high patronage of Madame the Minister of Agriculture, Food Sovereignty and Forestry, this conference was organized by the French Academy of Agriculture and Crédit Agricole. Following an initial introductory address by Thierry Caquet (Environment Deputy Director at INRAE) focusing on the effects of climate change on agricultural holdings, the conference addressed the issue of the competitiveness of French agricultural farms and their resilience. |
| Abstract: | Placé sous le haut patronage de Madame la Ministre de l'Agriculture, de la Souveraineté alimentaire et de la Forêt, cette conférence a été organisée par l'Académie d'Agriculture de France et le Crédit Agricole. Dans la continuité d'une première allocution introductive réalisée par Thierry Caquet (DS Environnement de INRAE) portant sur les effets du changement climatique sur les exploitations agricoles, cette conférence a abordé la question de la compétitivité des exploitations agricoles françaises et leur résilience. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Economic Performance, Resilience, Competitiveness, Changement climatique, Performances économiques, Résilience, Compétitivité |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05430630 |
| By: | Walter Distaso; Wolfgang Lefever; Angelo Luisi; Francesco Roccazzella (-) |
| Abstract: | Research on natural disasters and credit risk mainly focuses on default probabilities. However, post-default outcomes remain largely unexplored, making the overall impact on credit losses unclear. We address this gap by providing novel empirical evidence on the impact of wildfires on credit losses through the loss given default channel. Exploiting the richness of a proprietary database on defaulted consumer credits in Italy, we determine granular wildfires exposures using satellite-based geospatial data on burned areas. We document a robust negative relationship between wildfire exposure during the post-default recovery period and realized recovery rates. This identifies a loss given default mechanism that complements existing evidence on default risk. The effect is heterogeneous: it is stronger when a larger share of agricultural land is burned and, consistent with evidence that natural disasters affect financially fragile households more severely, further amplified by local socioeconomic vulnerability. These findings call for integrating climate considerations into credit risk management beyond default risk. |
| Keywords: | Natural disasters; Wildfires; Consumer credit; Credit risk; Loss given default |
| JEL: | G21 G51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rug:rugwps:25/1129 |
| By: | Wrobel, Ralph |
| Abstract: | Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical for Europe's economic competitiveness, green transition, and national security. Yet the EU remains heavily dependent on China for their supply, particularly in refining and processing. This paper examines Europe's vulnerability to supply disruptions and geopolitical leverage stemming from China's market dominance. Rising demand for REEs in renewable energy, electric vehicles, and defence technologies exacerbates this dependence, while environmental and regulatory constraints hinder European extraction and processing. Case studies, including the 2010 Senkaku crisis and 2024-25 Chinese export restrictions, illustrate how REEs can be used as strategic tools of coercion. The paper evaluates Europe's policy responses, highlighting the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), domestic processing projects, recycling initiatives, and international partnerships aimed at supply diversification. While progress is evident, challenges remain: recycling is nascent, domestic capacity is limited, and EU research programs are bureaucratic and slow. Overall, Europe faces a "geopolitical trap, " requiring urgent action to secure REE supply and technological resilience. |
| Keywords: | Rare earth elements (REEs), China, Europe, geopolitics, supply chain security, strategic autonomy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:opodis:333912 |
| By: | Gao, Siqi; Liang, Wanqi; Miao, Ruiqing; Li, Wenying |
| Abstract: | Climate change is widely recognized as a significant threat to global food systems, yet its precise impact on human nutritional intake remains insufficiently quantified. Previous research has primarily examined agricultural productivity and disruptions to food supply, overlooking the subsequent implications for nutrient intake. We present the first global empirical analysis of how rising temperatures affect actual human nutrient intake across 185 countries, using data from 1990 to 2018. By integrating high-resolution climate data with nationally representative dietary intake estimates, we find that global warming undermines human nutrition: each 1 °C increase in mean global temperature reduces per-capita daily intakes of vitamin A and dietary fiber by over 1 %, while the decline in seafood-derived ω-3 fats reaches 2.12 %. These impacts are disproportionately borne by children, rural populations, and low-income countries, and have intensified over time. Projections under high-emission SSP5–8.5 scenario suggest further widespread nutritional deterioration by the year 2100, with omega-3 fat and vitamin A intake declining by over 20% in many regions. Our findings reveal an overlooked aspect of climate vulnerability: the decline in dietary quality, underscoring the need to integrate high-resolution, nutrition-sensitive strategies into climate adaptation and food policy. |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360979 |
| By: | Broderick, Percival |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265044 |
| By: | Brühl, Volker; Radetzky, Marie-Therèse; Stolper, Oscar |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the effectiveness of MiFID II's mandatory elicitation of retail investors' sustainability preferences in aligning investment advice with EU climate goals. Using comprehensive real-world data from 18, 250 advisory meetings at a German savings bank, we analyze how clients' expressed ESG preferences influence advisory recommendations and actual investment behavior. Despite regulatory intent, the share of clients stating sustainability preferences declined significantly after mandatory implementation, and expressed preferences rarely translated into changed investment decisions. Our findings reveal a gap between regulatory frameworks and client engagement, highlighting challenges in operationalizing sustainability preferences. We discuss these results alongside ESMA stakeholder feedback and propose practical improvements to enhance alignment and impact. |
| Keywords: | Financial Advice, ESG Preferences, Sustainable Investing, Household Finance, Retail Investors, MiFID II |
| JEL: | G11 G21 G40 G50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cfswop:334519 |
| By: | Robinson, J.J. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264690 |
| By: | Bhattacharya, Amar; Songwe, Vera; Soubeyran, Éléonore; Stern, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | The Independent High Level Expert Group (IHLEG) on Climate Finance has been supporting the deliberations on the climate finance agenda under successive COP Presidencies since COP26. The group is co-chaired by Amar Bhattacharya, Vera Songwe and Nicholas Stern. Eléonore Soubeyran serves as Executive Secretary and Head of the Secretariat. The full membership is provided at the end of the report. This independent group was tasked to help develop and put forward policy options and recommendations to encourage and enable the public and private investment and finance necessary for delivery of the commitments, ambition, initiatives and targets of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement, reinforced by the Glasgow Climate Pact, the Sharm el-Sheikh agenda, the COP28 Global Climate Finance Framework and the COP29 Baku Climate Unity Pact. This fourth report of the IHLEG has benefitted enormously from the active and highquality participation, guidance and input of the group’s members, and from engagement with a wide range of stakeholders. We are deeply grateful for the guidance and interactions with the COP30 Presidency team under the leadership of Ambassador André Corrêa do Lago and Ana Toni. The preparation of the report was greatly supported by the close engagement with the team in the Brazilian Ministry of Finance led by Vice Minister Tatiana Rosito and Ivan Oliveira and the extensive work that was undertaken in the preparation of the Circle of Finance Ministers report on the Baku to Belém Roadmap. Our report therefore is closely aligned with the Circle of Finance Ministers report. |
| Keywords: | adaptation; Baku to Belem; developing countries; EMDEs; emerging markets; energy transition; finance; IHLEG; just transition; loss and damage; MDBs; natural capital; resilience |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–11–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130803 |
| By: | Gomes, P.I. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264679 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265603 |
| By: | Barnor, Kodjo; Kafle, Kashi |
| Abstract: | Frequent and intense rainfall shocks pose a serious threat to educational attainment in agrarian economies, yet the pathways through which these shocks operate remain underexplored. Using nationally representative panel data from the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and high-resolution rainfall measures from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS)), we estimate the effects of extreme droughts and floods on children’s schooling in Tanzania. Exploiting variation in rainfall deciles, we show that extreme low-rainfall events below the 10th percentile lead to a roughly 10 percentage points decline in school enrollment, while moderate deviations have no significant impact. Severe drought effects persist across specifications with household and individual fixed effects and are especially large for adolescents (13–17 years) and girls, who face declines in enrollment of up to 19 percentage points. We find that droughts sharply increase household reliance on family labor, adding nearly 36 days per year without substantially altering hired-labor inputs or children’s involvement in farm work. Continuous rainfall measures (total rainfall and lagged rainfall) further corroborate that incremental increases in precipitation significantly boost both plot-level yields and village-level vegetation indices. We offer new evidence on the timing, heterogeneity, and channels through which climate variability undermines educational investment in Sub-Saharan Africa and underscores the urgency of integrated policy responses that bolster both agricultural resilience and school access. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361160 |
| By: | Dunn, C.; Neckles, F. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264682 |
| By: | Rawlins, Mrs. Ruth |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263882 |
| By: | Wrigley, G. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263888 |
| By: | Phillips, W. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263876 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264687 |
| By: | Birla, S.C.; Rankine, L.B.; Singh, R.H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265056 |
| By: | Scott, Mareba M. |
| Abstract: | Tourism has proven to be a significant income earner for some of the less developed countries of the world, and interestingly, many of these countries are or were major agrarian economies. This paper will serve to highlight the opportunities for linkages between agriculture and tourism, provide examples to enhance local entrepreneurial involvement, while making recommendations for overcoming the challenges to the sustainable development of agro-tourism. As consumer taste change and alternative forms of tourism develop to respond to the new green reality and the demand trends for the 4 E's- entertainment, excitement, education and the environment, there is a natural link between agriculture and tourism. The paper cautions against marketing myopia if the full benefits of linking tourism with agriculture are to be derived. Opportunities need not be limited to selling agricultural produce or livestock to tourism service providers. Issues of quality, quantity and *innovation must be addressed if linkages are to be maximized and profitability sustained. The requisite decision support tools, education and training, partnerships, and the legal and institutional framework must be provided in order to enhance a destination's overall competitiveness in agro-tourism. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265615 |
| By: | Singh, Ranjit H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265541 |
| By: | Baldos, Uris Lantz C. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343904 |
| By: | White, Michael |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263874 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264689 |
| By: | Fitzgerald, Brooke A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343775 |
| By: | Hoffmann, Bridget; Suárez, Nicolás; Rud, Juan Pablo |
| Abstract: | This paper uses high-frequency data on fine particulate matter air pollution (PM 2.5) to study the effects of high pollution on health outcomes in Mexico City. We combine hourly monitoring station data on air pollution and weather conditions with a rich dataset of 10 million health episodes between 2003 and 2019, including deaths, hospitalizations, and urgent care visits. We disaggregate daily mean concentrations of PM 2.5 using the daily share of hours with PM 2.5 concentration above each WHO threshold to uncover a positive non-linear and convex relationship between hourly air pollution concentrations and same-day respiratory health outcomes of all severities. Specifically, a 1% increase in the share of hours with PM 2.5 concentrations above the highest WHO interim threshold (IT1) increases the number of respiratory deaths, hospitalizations, and urgent care visits per 1 million inhabitants by 0.001, 0.0008, and 0.024, respectively. We find that hours above IT1 have effects on respiratory health outcomes that are 20 to 30 times greater than those of additional hours above the air quality guideline, the most restrictive (i.e. lowest) WHO threshold. Furthermore, one additional hour a day with PM 2.5 above IT1 has the same effects on respiratory health outcomes as does increasing the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 in Mexico City by 41 µg/m3. We find that the effects of PM 2.5 on respiratory mortality and morbidity are distributed differently across ages and that the effect of PM 2.5 on respiratory deaths is driven by individuals with lower educational attainment. |
| JEL: | I10 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14425 |
| By: | Evaluator 1 |
| Abstract: | Evaluation of "Irrigation Strengthens Climate Resilience: Long-term Evidence from Mali using Satellites and Surveys" for The Unjournal. |
| Date: | 2025–09–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:e1irrigationresilience |
| By: | Evaluator 2 |
| Abstract: | Evaluation of "Irrigation Strengthens Climate Resilience: Long-term Evidence from Mali using Satellites and Surveys" for The Unjournal. |
| Date: | 2025–09–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:e2irrigationresilience |
| By: | Henderson, Thomas H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265047 |
| By: | Johnson, I. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263885 |
| By: | Persaud, B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263883 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264685 |
| By: | Johnson, I. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263878 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264675 |
| By: | Twyford, I. T. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263875 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264688 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264684 |
| By: | Riku Watanabe |
| Abstract: | This study incorporates two heterogeneous industries into an endogenous growth model within the framework of a circular economy. In the model, industries are classified as either brown or green, and each can transition between states through R&D activities related to innovation and greening. Greening R&D is conducted exclusively by firms in the brown industry and enables the transition to the green industry. We analyze the effects of subsidies for greening R&D and show that such subsidies increases labor allocation to both innovation and greening R&D. As a result, the model yields win-win outcome: economic growth is promoted not only by productivity-driven growth acceleration but also by a decline in the share of brown industries that rely on exhaustible resources, which mitigates the negative impact of resource depletion on growth. These findings suggest that advancing a circular economy can be compatible with sustained economic growth. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1286r |
| By: | White, M.G. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264678 |
| By: | David Reinstein; Ben Balmford; Evaluator 1; Evaluator 2 |
| Abstract: | Evaluation Summary and Metrics: "Irrigation Strengthens Climate Resilience: Long-term Evidence from Mali using Satellites and Surveys" for The Unjournal. |
| Date: | 2025–09–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjn:evalua:evalsumirrigationresilience |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264683 |
| By: | Persaud, B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263830 |
| By: | Simpson, Leslie Anthony; Lauckner, Frank Bruce |
| Abstract: | Agricultural cultivation in the islands of the Caribbean is carried out on lands of varying degrees of slope. The increased use of steeper slopes in recent times has led to increased land slips and soil erosion on hillsides, and flooding and sedimentation of coastal regions. Also, there has been a large increase in the use of agricultural chemicals in agricultural production. These two factors present a formidable pollution threat which will ultimately impact on the social and economic wellbeing of the Caribbean people. In 2000, a project was initiated to research "The impact and amelioration of sediment and agrochemical pollution on Caribbean coastal waters". This project which used Jamaica and St Lucia as the case study countries looked at various aspects of this problem including the quantification and toxicity of agro -chemicals imported, the on-farm use of agro -chemicals and associated soil management and farming practices, the fate of agro-chemicals in the land-water interface and the harmonization of agro-chemical management in the Caribbean. This presentation reports on some of the important findings of this study. In particular, the data on the increased importation of agro-chemicals is presented, some of the farming practices which are likely to influence soil sediment and agro-chemical pollution are highlighted and the possible effects of the use of these toxic chemicals on public health and the environment are discussed. In conclusion, implications of improper soil and agro-chemical management to the social and economic fortunes of the Caribbean are also discussed and recommendations are given for alleviating this emerging problem. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265614 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264686 |
| By: | Yankey, J.B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264673 |
| By: | MacMillan, Andrew |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263887 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarjini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265621 |
| By: | Emerson Mathurin, D. C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263880 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265054 |
| By: | Yim, Hyungsun; Dall'erba, Sandy |
| Abstract: | In the United States, like in other countries, the agrifood supply chain faces challenges from a growing population and less predictable weather conditions. Extreme weather events, such as droughts, decrease agricultural yield and harvested areas, impact the domestic trade of agricultural products and, in turn, food manufacturing. We investigate this relationship by estimating the food manufacturing production function in a two-stage process. In the first stage, we assess how drought affects trade in animals and fish (SCTG 01), cereal grains (SCTG 02), and all other crop products (SCTG 03). Next, we estimate a nested production function for processed food at the state level. Our findings indicate that the impact of a drought is far from being confined to the area where it happens. At the national level, we find that a 1% increase in drought in the states producing agricultural commodities reduces their exports to other states by 0.5%–0.7% which, in turn, reduces food manufacturing production by an average of 0.04%. The capacity to shift the origin of import flows, adjust their volume, and substitute agricultural inputs supports the resilience of the food manufacturing sector. We further estimate the 48×48 pairwise dependence across states and by commodity group. While cereal grain production is more spatially concentrated than other crops, the agrifood supply chain can enhance resilience by sourcing from geographically diverse counties within key supplier states and improving multi-state coordination. These findings provide insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to enhance food system resilience in the face of climate change. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360645 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle A.; Harris, Emaline L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265060 |
| By: | Alleyne, Frank |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265063 |
| By: | Stefano Carattini; Ian Fletcher; Chad W. Kendall; Michael K. Price; Arthur Vu |
| Abstract: | Many socially desirable policies are not implemented because of their ex-ante unpopularity, but this unpopularity may be overcome through experience with the policy. In this paper, we examine how opposition to carbon pricing in the state of Washington turned into support after voters experienced a cap-and-trade policy with revenues earmarked for environmental purposes – "cap-and-invest." Analyzing voting behavior at the census block group level, we observe that support varies by political affiliation as expected, but experience consistently increases support across the board. Using a proprietary survey, we further show that the increase in support among voters in Washington state is specific to the cap-and invest policy they experienced; support for carbon pricing or climate policies more generally remained unchanged. |
| JEL: | D72 H23 P0 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34559 |
| By: | Talatchanant Tontiwachwutthikul; Kannika Thampanishvong; Kanis Saengchote; Krislert Samphantharak; Jirayu Chandrasakha |
| Abstract: | To mitigate the risk of carbon leakage, the European Union (EU) introduced the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to impose a fair price on the carbon emissions associated with the production of carbon-intensive goods imported into the EU, thereby encouraging cleaner industrial production. This paper combines firm-level exporting activity data and financial data in a difference-in-differences regression framework to examine the impact that the CBAM policy announcement and implementation have on Thai exporting firms. We find that the announcement of the CBAM negatively affected Thai firms' ability to export impacted goods to the EU, and these adverse effects intensified following the CBAM implementation. Treated firms’ total export revenue decreased relative to the control group and were only able to partially mitigate the impact of this shock by increasing exports of non-CBAM goods to countries outside of the EU. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM); Thailand, exporting firm; International trade |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pui:dpaper:243 |
| By: | Johnson, Glenn L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265045 |
| By: | Wang, Yixuan |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343550 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264681 |
| By: | MacDonald, John S.; MacDonald, Leatrice D. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263884 |
| By: | Elu, Juliet |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265537 |
| By: | Clarke, S. St. A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263828 |
| By: | Banskota, Kamal; Booth, R.R.; Johnson, S.R.; Pryor, Shirley; Stampley, Gary L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265059 |
| By: | Russell, R. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264677 |
| By: | Bourne, Compton |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265053 |
| By: | Siu, Wai Yan; Rex, Sitti |
| Abstract: | Coastal flooding poses an escalating threat to communities across the U.S East Coast, where rising sea levels and intensifying storms increasingly overwhelm existing infrastructure and natural defenses. These events generate complex economic consequences that extend beyond immediate property damage to affect community stability and long-term development patterns. The real estate industry in particular, faces increasing levels of flood risk. Existing research on climate risk and real estate markets focuses predominantly on price capitalization effects, overlooking the critical dimension of housing market liquidity. This study examines the causal impact of coastal flooding on days-on-market (DOM), a metric of liquidity in the housing market. We use National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tidal data for coastal zip codes in the U.S. East Coast and information from the real estate market from 2017 to 2024. DOM and tidal flooding may be simultaneously affected by factors such as precipitation and mitigation policies, which raise concerns about endogeneity in estimation. We employ a two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach to address these endogeneity concerns, using wind speed and direction as instruments. Our preliminary findings suggest that a one-percentage-point increase in flood exposure extends the DOM by approximately 0.86 to 0.99 days, 1.2% increase relative to the sample mean. When scaled across thousands of properties, these seemingly modest individual effects represent millions of dollars in delayed housing capital turnover and significant impacts on local tax bases. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360725 |
| By: | Batsirai Mazviona; Innocent Bayai; Tafirei Mashamba |
| Abstract: | An analysis of the direct and spillover effects of climate shocks on sector performance in the short and long run. |
| Date: | 2026–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11095 |
| By: | Laskaridis, Christina; Zha, Angela |
| Abstract: | Debt sustainability analyses (DSAs) face numerous challenges. Highly technical methodologically, their outcomes bear enormous political significance as not only do they govern the operational lending of the World Bank-International Monetary Fund (IMF) grant-loan mix for low-income countries (LICs) but they also affect the risk perception of the private sector. In the context of heightened debt vulnerability, which a growing proportion of countries currently face, DSAs indicate the susceptibility of debt levels to various types of shocks and how different policy scenarios impact debt sustainability. Importantly, these assessments determine distributional impacts of the cost of a debt crisis – and whether and what size of debt restructuring is needed to bring a country’s debt back to sustainable levels. They provide the envelope for negotiations regarding the amount of debt relief the borrower will seek to negotiate with its creditors. The macro-critical impacts of climate change and nature loss represent key additional concerns on top of the longstanding challenges inherent to these exercises. |
| JEL: | E6 N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130734 |
| By: | Giorgio Chiovelli; Francesco Amodio; Leonardo Baccini; Michele Di Maio |
| Abstract: | We show that weather shocks affect government trade policy decisions. We exploit variation in rainfall during the growing season within and across countries to show that weather shocks impact agricultural output and trade. Using information on tariff cuts by commodity from preferential trade agreements, we then show that weather shocks that happen during the negotiation period correlate strongly with the size of tariff cuts. When weather shocks increase (decrease) a country’s capacity to produce a given crop, its government negotiates a smaller (larger) tariff cut. These results are consistent with a political economy trade model with sector-specific inputs in which the government places more weight on producers relative to consumers in its objective function. They also reveal that governments update their beliefs about domestic agricultural production capacity in response to weather shocks. |
| Keywords: | weather shocks, climate change, agricultural trade, trade policy. |
| JEL: | F13 F14 Q17 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnt:wpaper:2401 |
| By: | Mieno, Taro |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343697 |
| By: | White, M.G. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264674 |
| By: | Alleyne, Frank |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265043 |
| By: | Cacho, C. P. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263879 |
| By: | Leon Bodirsky, Benjamin; Beier, Felicitas; Humpenöder, Florian; Leip, Debbora; Crawford, Michael S.; Meng-Chuen Chen, David; von Jeetze, Patrick; Springmann, Marco; Soergel, Bjoern; Nicholls, Zebedee; Strefler, Jessica; Lewis, Jared; Heinke, Jens; Müller, Christoph; Karstens, Kristine; Weindl, Isabelle; Stevanović, Miodrag; Rein, Patrick; Sauer, Pascal; Mishra, Abhijeet; Molina Bacca, Edna Johanna; Köberle, Alexandre C.; Wang, Xiaoxi; Singh, Vartika; Hunecke, Claudia; Collignon, Quitterie; Schreinemachers, Pepijn; Dietz, Simon; Kanbur, Ravi; Dietrich, Jan Philipp; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Popp, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The improvement of the global food system requires a thorough understanding of how specific measures may contribute to the system’s transformation. Here we apply a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy, up to 2050. While all individual measures come with trade-offs, their combination can reduce trade-offs and enhance co-benefits. We estimate that combining all food system measures may reduce yearly mortality by 182 million life years and almost halves nitrogen surplus while offsetting negative effects of environmental protection measures on absolute poverty. Through joint efforts, including measures outside the food system, the 1.5 °C climate target can be achieved. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–12–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130069 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264680 |
| By: | Toolsie, Diaram |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263881 |
| By: | Andrea Vismara; Ola Ali; Carsten K\"allner; Guillermo Prieto-Viertel; Rafael Prieto-Curiel |
| Abstract: | International remittances represent a vital source of disaster adaptation finance for households around the world, yet their responsiveness to environmental disasters remains poorly quantified. We reveal a previously unmeasured global macro-financial system of international migrant diasporas remittances response to the occurrence of disasters in the country of origin. We do so by developing a structural model simulating individual remittance decisions, calibrated with global disaster records and bilateral monthly remittances flow data from the period 2010-2019. Our analysis reveals that approximately 332 billion USD (5.46\% of total remittances) were mobilized specifically in response to earthquakes, floods, storms, and droughts over the decade. Earthquakes triggered the largest remittance responses per person affected, while droughts elicited the smallest. The model also identifies significant variation in diaspora groups' capacity to activate financial support. These findings establish remittances as a substantial yet limited form of disaster finance, highlighting their importance and limitations in building resilience against future environmental shocks. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.16373 |
| By: | Persaud, B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc67:263832 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264676 |
| By: | Cropper, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc76:264670 |
| By: | Pavanello, Filippo; Valenti, Giulia |
| Abstract: | In 2004, Italy introduced a national program to address heat-related health risks, combining public awareness campaigns, heat-wave warning systems, and hospital protocols. Leveraging administrative mortality data and high-frequency temperature variation, we show that the program reduced heat-related mortality by more than 57% on days at or above 30°C. To identify the mechanisms, we exploit the staggered introduction of heat-wave warning systems across provinces and show that treated areas experienced substantially larger reductions in heat-related mortality. We further document that information disclosure plays a key role in driving these reductions. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of public adaptation policies that rely on information provision to cost-effectively mitigate the health impacts of extreme temperatures. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–12–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:386192 |
| By: | Bhandari, Nabin; Miao, Ruiqing |
| Abstract: | A key feature of circular economy is the economic connection between virgin firms and recycling firms. We develop a conceptual framework to study the impact of taxing virgin plastic consumers with money back policy (TCMB) and, separately, taxing virgin plastic producers (TP) on total social welfare in the U.S. plastic market under two scenarios (virgin and recycling plastic firms economically connected (scenario I) vs independent (scenario II)). We find that taxing consumers with money back (TCMB) policy is superior to taxing producers (TP) to reduce the landfill quantity in both scenarios. For example, under 10% tax (in both TCMB and TP) policy and the assumption of 10% of the used virgin plastic returned to collection centers and 30% of tax amount being returned to consumers in TCMB policy, we find that the landfill quantity is 64% and 62% of virgin plastic produced in scenario I and scenario II, respectively under TCMB policy. However, in TP policy, the landfill quantity is 74% (scenario I) and 74.6% (scenario II) of produced virgin plastic. Accounting the environmental damage cost associated with production of virgin plastic, taxing either consumer or producer increases the total social welfare (TSW) in the U.S. plastic market compared to the no policy scenario. Under scenario II, TCMB and TP generate 23% and 15.67%, respectively, additional total social welfare in the plastic market compared to the benchmark scenario. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360722 |
| By: | Louden, Jonice |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265051 |
| By: | Singh, Ranjit H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265492 |
| By: | Singh, Ranjit H. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265540 |
| By: | Duncan, Joseph V. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265052 |
| By: | Maredia, Mywish K.; Boughton, Duncan; Fisher, Ian |
| Abstract: | Climate change and food insecurity require agrifood systems that are both productive and resilient. Climate-Smart Innovations (CSIs) offer practical solutions, yet their successful identification, evaluation, and scaling remain challenging. This guide presents a structured framework for advancing CSIs from early identification to large-scale impact. Developed for the USDA-funded Regional Agricultural Innovation Network (RAIN) project and grounded in the Research for Development (R4D) paradigm, the guide outlines five interconnected phases: Screening, Feasibility Assessment, Field Testing, Scaling Up/Out, and Impact Assessment. RAIN’s adapted “5S” model places particular emphasis on designing viable business models and engaging private-sector actors to support scaling. Across phases, the framework integrates technical, economic, institutional, and social considerations to ensure CSIs are relevant, adoptable, and sustainable—especially for smallholder farmers. The guide provides researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with a practical roadmap for translating climate-smart innovations into scalable, resilient agrifood system solutions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midasp:386159 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | The Forum of Ministers and High-level Authorities of Housing and Urban Development of Latin America and the Caribbean (MINURVI) is the region’s main intergovernmental coordinating body in the areas of housing, human settlements, and sustainable urban development. Its General Assemblies serve as key platforms for political dialogue, the exchange of experiences, and the development of a shared vision among member countries, in collaboration with international organizations, development banks, academia, and civil society. The XXXIII General Assembly of MINURVI was held on December 12 and 13, 2024 in the city of Belém do Pará, Brazil, under the pro tempore presidency of Brazil’s Ministry of Cities, led by Minister Jader Barbalho Filho, with the technical support of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat) in theirrole as co-technical secretariat. During this meeting, ministers, national authorities and experts from across the region addressed the strategic role of housing and urban development as engines to advance social inclusion, climate action and territorial resilience. The debates highlighted the need for adequate and up-to-date information for decision-making on housing policies, as well as the specific challenges of urban development in environmentally sensitive contexts such as the Amazon. The importance of guaranteeing the right to the city as a fundamental principle of the New Urban Agenda was highlighted, addressing the need to build more equitable, accessible and participatory cities. Likewise, the role of housing in the response to climate change, both in adaptation and mitigation, was underlined. Urban renewal and circular economy strategies were also discussed to promote a more efficient use of land and buildings, new financing schemes and more innovative and sustainable urban management. Access to adequate and sustained financing was identified as a central enabler for advancing transformative projects that integrate environmental sustainability, social justice, and economic development. Throughout the meeting, countries shared concrete experiences and public policy initiatives reflecting their commitment to more inclusive, productive, and resilient urbanization. The Assembly culminated in the adoption of the Belém Declaration, which includes the main agreements and commitments undertaken by the countries of the region centered around a common agenda regarding housing and urban development. In addition, the new MINURVI Executive Committee was elected, with Barbados assuming the presidency for 2025. |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:84347 |
| By: | Campbell, Joseph C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265062 |
| By: | Kakimoto, Shunkei; Mieno, Taro |
| Abstract: | Gridded weather datasets, such as PRISM, have been widely used in econometric analysis to study the impact of weather on economic outcomes. Yet, concerns persist regarding the measurement errors in these datasets and their consequential estimation bias. This study systematically quantifies and characterizes the measurement errors in growing-season total precipitation and extreme degree days (EDD) derived from PRISM. Using exact spatial matches between PRISM grid cells and ground weather stations, we find that PRISM weather variables exhibit nontrivial measurement errors that are negatively correlated with true weather outcomes, especially for EDD. Moreover, the variance of these errors increases with the extremity of actual weather outcomes. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the resulting estimation bias in weather impact on farm-level corn yields. The simulation results show that the average bias is moderate when estimating weather impacts on corn yield across the entire Corn Belt region due to large weather variations. However, the bias becomes more substantial at smaller spatial scales, such as individual states, where limited variation amplifies the relative influence of measurement error. We conclude that researchers should exercise caution when using PRISM data in econometric models, especially in subregional analyses. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360727 |
| By: | Raouf Boucekkine (Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France); Giorgio Fabbri (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, Grenoble INP, GAEL, Grenoble, France); Salvatore Federico (Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit`a di Bologna, Bologna, Italy); Fausto Gozzi (Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza, Libera Universit`a Internazionale degli Studi Sociali “Guido Carli”, Rome, Italy); Ted Loch-Temzelides (Rice University, Houston, USA); Cristiano Ricci (Universita di Pisa, Italy) |
| Abstract: | In order to investigate strategic interactions between a “global north” and a “global south” we introduce a two-country extension of the model in Golosov et al. (2014). We consider different transfers between the two regions, including transfers that can improve the abatement technology. Our model can accommodate several kinds of heterogeneity, including in preferences, time discount rates, and damages resulting from the stock of accumulated GHG. We solve for both planner’s solutions and non-cooperative equilibria. We then calibrate our model in order to study quantitative differences between these solutions and to quantitatively explore the role of heterogeneity and Knightian uncertainty. We characterize emissions, damages, consumption, transfers, and welfare by computing the Nash equilibria of the associated dynamic game. We then compare these to efficiency benchmarks. Further, we investigate how (deep) uncertainty affects climate outcomes. We develop a general model for the study of optimal control and differential games that are linear-in-state, which we term the Integral Transformation Method (ITM), which encompasses several existing models as special cases. |
| Keywords: | Integral Transformation Method, Analytical integrated assessment model, differential game, climate policy, robust control |
| JEL: | C7 Q5 Q54 D62 H23 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2534 |
| By: | Pushpendra, Rana; Sills, Erin |
| Abstract: | As one of the oldest systems for certifying sustainable production practices, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) can offer important lessons about this approach to conservation. In particular, the nearly 25 year history of FSC makes it possible to evaluate how the impacts of certification evolve over time. We estimate causal effects on deforestation from the year of certification to 2012 in ten certified tropical forest management units (FMUs) in Brazil, Gabon, and Indonesia. In the process, we demonstrate the use of open-access pan-tropical datasets and the synthetic control method (SCM) to evaluate impacts on land use and land cover change. Across the ten FMUs, our point estimates suggest that certification reduces deforestation in most years, but placebo tests show that the estimated effects are generally not significantly different from zero. In the three FMUs for which SCM is most plausible (because the synthetic controls are good matches for the certified FMUs in the pre-certification period), we find that certification reduces deforestation in the year immediately after certification and in the most recent year in our dataset (2012), with statistically significant effects on the FMUs in Brazil and Indonesia. However, looking across all years and FMUs, results are more variable. One possible reason is that our measure of “deforestation” captures a range of disturbances that result in tree cover loss. In Brazil, we test a spatial filtering method for separating small patches that may be related to logging from large patches that more likely represent conversion to agriculture. We find that FSC certification of a FMU reduces small-scale loss of tree cover in the FMU in all years since certification, which is consistent with adoption of the reduced impact logging practices required by FSC. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:264782 |
| By: | McIntosh, Curtis E. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265049 |
| By: | Berry, James; Fischer, Greg; Guiteras, Raymond P. |
| Abstract: | Using the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) mechanism, we estimate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for and impact of clean water technology through a field experiment in Ghana. Although WTP is low relative to the cost, demand is relatively inelastic at low prices. In the short-run, treatment effects are positive—the incidence of children’s diarrhea falls by one third—and consistent throughout the WTP distribution. After a year, usage has fallen, particularly for those with relatively low valuations. Strikingly, the long-run average treatment effect is negative for those with valuations below the median. Combining estimated treatment effects with individual willingness-to pay measures implies households’ valuations of health benefits are much smaller than those typically used by policymakers. Finally, we explore differences between BDM and take-it-or-leave-it valuations and make recommendations for effectively implementing BDM in the field. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:273077 |
| By: | Fumany, Malene; Nguyen-Tien, Viet; Li, Nanxi; Elliott, Robert J.R.; Lander, Laura |
| Abstract: | Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are central to the European Union's (EU) Net Zero strategies. Yet, rising regulatory pressures and geopolitical tensions have increased the risk of supply chain bottlenecks for strategic and critical materials such as nickel and cobalt, posing threats not only to the EU's decarbonisation agenda but also to global Net Zero ambitions. In response, EU policymakers have accelerated efforts to develop local battery ecosystems including the recycling of end-of-life LIBs. However, the potential impact of these interventions on material dependencies and battery economics is not well understood. This paper introduces a novel policy-economic framework to assess the prospective evolution of the LIB recycling sector in response to policy changes introduced by the EU Battery Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/1542). In particular, drawing on an industry-led survey, the framework evaluates the impact of the mandated minimum recycled content on material flow and battery costs. The results reveal that the Battery Regulation may increase battery cell costs by up to 15 %. While this study is EU-specific, its findings carry broader relevance for international battery policy and market dynamics and provides new evidence on how international policies may impact the future of the battery sector. |
| Keywords: | policy-economic framework; battery recycling; battery costs; critical minerals; EU battery regulation |
| JEL: | R48 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2026–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130801 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle A.; Mader-Charles, Kathleen |
| Abstract: | The Nariva Swamp is the largest wetland in the eastern Caribbean, and is situated along the eastern coast of Trinidad. It is the habitat of a diverse array of plants and animals including the Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) and the endangered Manatee (Trichechus manatus). Several human communities surround Nariva Swamp. These activities, from agriculture to the clandestine cultivation of illegal crops have caused the Nariva Swamp to have experienced tremendous changes to its ecology and hydrology. Several studies have been conducted to estimate the WTP of the population of Trinidad and Tobago to conserve the Nariva Swamp. However the factors determining the WTP of the population remain largely unexplained. This study was therefore conducted in an effort to understand the factors that would contribute to the willingness to pay for the conservation of the swamp, and to add to the body of knowledge that exists on the subject of WTP for conservation in developing countries. An open-ended bid question on the maximum WTP was presented to a representative sample of households in Trinidad and responses regressed against ten independent household and choice variables. The results showed that only three choice attributes variables were significant in determining WTP. These were variables scoring the importance of future, bequest and existence values. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265616 |
| By: | Bhapta, Kritima; Martinez Martinez, Juan Pablo; Yusuf, Alia; Kohli, Renu; Feyertag, Joe |
| Abstract: | In May 2025, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) within India’s Ministry of Finance released a first draft framework of India’s Climate Finance Taxonomy for public consultation. The taxonomy aims to facilitate around US$250 billion per year (Ministry of Finance, 2025) of finance towards climate-friendly technologies and activities and thereby enable India to achieve its interim 2030 and long-term 2070 net zero targets. The draft framework already integrates many positive and encouraging priorities that will ensure that the development of the Climate Finance Taxonomy follows international best practice: • First, the draft taxonomy embraces science-based metrics and internationallybenchmarked technical screening criteria (TSCs). By ensuring credibility, the taxonomy is interoperable with international frameworks such as the EU taxonomy and the EU-China Common Ground Taxonomy (CGT), thereby facilitating the flow of cross-border capital towards climate change mitigation and adaptation investments in India. • Second, it acknowledges that the taxonomy will be designed as a living document, ensuring that it is continuously and regularly updated to reflect technological progress, market developments, and evolving climate science. The tiered structure allows flexibility around the decarbonisation challenges of hard-to-abate sectors (so-called ‘transition finance’). • Third, the draft framework pledges to adopt evidence-based threshold setting, which is crucial for ensuring that the taxonomy contributes towards the 1.5°C target. India will thereby join the likes of Chile, Brazil and Australia in setting TSCs based on scientific evidence or quantitative criteria based on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) or the scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (Climate Bonds Initiative, 2021; Secretaria de Política Econômica, 2023). • Fourth, where quantitative criteria are unavailable or where decarbonisation technologies in hard-to-abate sectors are still nascent, it is encouraging that the Ministry of Finance has followed the path set by ASEAN or Brazil’s taxonomies and proposed the integration of qualitative benchmarks such as process-based steps and other hybrid approaches (ASEAN Taxonomy Board, 2024). Best-in-class performance can also underpin the TSCs, for instance by setting emission thresholds in relative terms. • Fifth, as described above, the Draft Framework embeds the Do No Significant Harm (DNSH) principle, which explicitly includes social considerations as part of the minimum safeguards that ensure that people are not left behind in the net zero transition. Like other taxonomies, such as the ASEAN taxonomy’s Social Aspects (SAs), these safeguards can be aligned with international labour and human rights frameworks such as the Core Conventions of the International Labour Organization (ILO) or the United Nations’ Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) to ensure that climate-friendly investments do not come at the cost of workers’ rights, indigenous communities or other social considerations. Building on this positive momentum, this report aims to inform and guide the DEA’s further development of the Climate Finance Taxonomy by highlighting international best practice. (A version of the report was submitted to the DEA’s Public Consultation on the Draft Framework for India’s Climate Finance Taxonomy in July 2025.) Taking these lessons into consideration can help India to avoid common mistakes, support the DEA in deciding what to include and exclude in the taxonomy, and ultimately smooth the transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy and financial system. The inclusion of real-world examples strengthens the lessons, helps make them more practical, and facilitates peer-learning. |
| JEL: | F3 G3 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–09–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130794 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265606 |
| By: | Taylor, Laura O.; Phaneuf, Daniel J.; Liu, Xiangping |
| Abstract: | This research seeks to identify the impact of environmental contamination on residential housing prices separate from land use externalities associated with the contaminated sites. This is possible in an empirical model that considers the influence of uncontaminated commercial properties on home values concurrently with contaminated property influences. Our approach addresses an important source of omitted variable bias that has not been fully recognized in the literature, and it allows identification of stigma effects in a way not possible in past studies. We estimate difference-in-differences models that pool observations across a metro area and across time, as well as repeat sales models that rely on multiple transactions per home. Results indicate that environmental contamination more than doubles the negative influence commercial properties have on neighboring residential home values. Furthermore, we find little evidence of stigma effects once a contaminated site is remediated. The negative spillover effects associated with remediated contaminated sites are largely indistinguishable from the spillover effects from commercial properties with no known contamination. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:264975 |
| By: | Zongxiao Wu; Ran Liu; Jiang Dai; Dan Luo |
| Abstract: | Credit risk assessment increasingly relies on diverse sources of information beyond traditional structured financial data, particularly for micro and small enterprises (mSEs) with limited financial histories. This study proposes a multimodal framework that integrates structured credit variables, climate panel data, and unstructured textual narratives within a unified learning architecture. Specifically, we use long short-term memory (LSTM), the gated recurrent unit (GRU), and transformer models to analyse the interplay between these data modalities. The empirical results demonstrate that unimodal models based on climate or text data outperform those relying solely on structured data, while the integration of multiple data modalities yields significant improvements in credit default prediction. Using SHAP-based explainability methods, we find that physical climate risks play an important role in default prediction, with water-logging by rain emerging as the most influential factor. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of multimodal approaches in AI-enabled decision-making, which provides robust tools for credit risk assessment while contributing to the broader integration of environmental and textual insights into predictive analytics. |
| Date: | 2026–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2601.00478 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | 2025 Selected Issues |
| Keywords: | Adaptation; Climate Change; Fiscal Policy; Inflation; Monetary Policy; Natural Disasters; Renewable Energy. |
| Date: | 2025–12–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/334 |
| By: | Barnor, Kodjo; Kafle, Kashi |
| Abstract: | Frequent and intense rainfall shocks pose a serious threat to educational attainment in agrarian economies, yet the pathways through which these shocks operate remain underexplored. Using nationally representative panel data from the Living Standard Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and high-resolution rainfall measures from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS)), we estimate the effects of extreme droughts and floods on children’s schooling in Tanzania. Exploiting variation in rainfall deciles, we show that extreme low-rainfall events below the 10th percentile lead to a roughly 10 percentage points decline in school enrollment, while moderate deviations have no significant impact. Severe drought effects persist across specifications with household and individual fixed effects and are especially large for adolescents (13–17 years) and girls, who face declines in enrollment of up to 19 percentage points. We find that droughts sharply increase household reliance on family labor, adding nearly 36 days per year without substantially altering hired-labor inputs or children’s involvement in farm work. Continuous rainfall measures (total rainfall and lagged rainfall) further corroborate that incremental increases in precipitation significantly boost both plot-level yields and village-level vegetation indices. We offer new evidence on the timing, heterogeneity, and channels through which climate variability undermines educational investment in Sub-Saharan Africa and underscores the urgency of integrated policy responses that bolster both agricultural resilience and school access. |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360983 |
| By: | Bach, Amadeus; Onori, Simona; Reichelstein, Stefan; Zhuang, Jihan |
| Abstract: | In response to growing economic and environmental concerns, companies in a range of industries seek to repurpose products (assets) that retain functional capacity beyond their initial first life. This paper examines a generic valuation model for used capacity assets that can either be recycled immediately or repurposed for a second life application. We apply our model framework to lithium-ion batteries retired from electric vehicles, as these assets typically retain substantial energy storage capacity at the end of their first life. Our analysis focuses on two battery chemistries: lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) and nickel-cobalt-based (NCX).We project their future fair market values in the United States and China. Our findings indicate that repurposing LFP batteries will be economically viable in both countries for the coming decade. In contrast, for most NCX batteries immediate recycling will soon be preferable due to their more valuable raw material content and shorter usable lives. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:333927 |
| By: | Xuqian Ma; Michelle N. Layvant; Edward Miguel; Eric Ochieng; Ajay Pillarisetti; Michael W. Walker |
| Abstract: | We estimate the short-term cognitive effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure using highly time-resolved, individual-level data collected during cognitive testing in Kenya. By linking real-time portable monitor readings to Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) scores, we identify acute impacts of pollution on general and domain-specific cognition. Higher PM2.5 exposure during testing is associated with lower cognitive performance, particularly in memory, executive function, and visuospatial tasks. Nonlinear models suggest threshold effects, with larger declines at higher exposure levels. Notably, effects are significantly larger among more educated individuals, possibly due to greater task demands or lower chronic exposure that limits physiological adaptation. Given that cognitive impairment is evident even at PM2.5 levels below Kenya’s annual regulatory threshold of 35 μg/m³, the findings suggest that short-term exposure may impose underappreciated human capital costs that current regulatory standards fail to mitigate. The results highlight the potential cognitive and economic returns to interventions that reduce air pollution exposures in low-resource settings. |
| JEL: | I10 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34557 |
| By: | McDonald, Vincent R. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265057 |
| By: | Taylor, Daniel O. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265055 |
| By: | John, Desmond |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265496 |
| By: | Badrie, Neela |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265498 |
| By: | Stewart, Taimoon |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265495 |
| By: | Alessandro Montanaro (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Massimiliano Mazzanti (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Marianna Gilli (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Elisa Chioatto (Università degli studi di Ferrara); Filippo Cicoli (Department of Economics, Society and Politics of Università di Urbino Carlo Bo) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents and applies a new Italian Regional Accounting Matrix of Environmental Accounts (RAMEA) panel (1995–2019) to demonstrate how hybrid environmental–economic accounting can inform regional assessments of eco-efficiency and structural change. Using Emilia-Romagna and Lazio as two contrasting regional economies, we implement a sequence of applications: (i) long-run sectoral economic–environmental profiles, (ii) emission-intensity measures for greenhouse gases (GHG) and PM10, and (iii) an employment-based decomposition of emission dynamics. The results point to broad improvements in eco-efficiency: PM10 abatement is predominantly explained by within-sector technique gains, whereas GHG reductions reflect a combination of compositional shifts and technique effects, with the latter becoming stronger after 2005. We further exploit RAMEA granularity by zooming into manufacturing sub-sectors and by estimating a targeted econometric specification linking emissions per worker to productivity, investment, and EU ETS exposure, illustrating how decomposition diagnostics can be complemented with econometric evidence on potential drivers. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0925 |
| By: | Hiebert, Paul; Monnin, Pierre |
| Abstract: | Climate change is often characterised as a standalone risk for the financial system. In practice, however, the emergence and materialisation of climate-related shocks interact with general macro-financial conditions, implying potentially novel and difficult-to-predict interactions. In such an environment, macroprudential buffers earmarked for specific risks have limitations, as they might not account for important correlations between climate-related shocks and other sources of financial vulnerability, nor for the extent to which climate-related shocks might compound existing challenges in the real economy and financial sector. In light of such complex challenges, this report investigates how a holistic approach can enhance the financial system’s ability to absorb compound shocks. It finds that consolidated capital buffers accounting for the amplifying effects of combined shocks, which single-risk buffers might underestimate, offer general insurance against several sources of uncertainty (both reducible and irreducible). |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–09–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130740 |
| By: | Pemberton, C. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265046 |
| By: | Haraksingh, Kusha |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc00:265500 |
| By: | Poudel, Dixit; Gopinath, Munisamy |
| Abstract: | While road infrastructure is widely recognized as a driver of economic development, can it also aid in disaster resilience? This paper investigates whether India’s national highway corridors—the Golden Quadrilateral and the North-South and East-West—can buffer production losses from extreme floods in informal manufacturing. Motivated by a structural model of disaster resilience at the plant level, the study examines the effects of dual and staggered treatments: floods and roads. It combines geospatially matched, staggered flood exposure data from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory with phased highway rollout timelines from the National Highways Authority of India and repeated cross-section survey data (1990–2016) on Indian informal manufacturing. Exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of flood exposure and road construction, the study implements a stacked difference-in-differences design, matching treated districts to future treated counterparts. Results show that floods significantly reduce both gross output and value added, while highway access counteracts those losses. Plants located directly on completed highway segments nearly neutralize the average 7 percent flood-related output loss, benefiting from both higher output and lower input expenditures—labor, materials, and energy. These effects are magnified for plants that own transport equipment, highlighting a complementarity between internal logistics and external infrastructure. Off-highway plants exhibit similar resilience only when they possess transport assets, enabling access to distant road networks. Overall, the findings reveal that roads are not only engines of development but also critical enablers of resilience. Designing infrastructure with this dual function—development and resilience—is essential for building a climate-smart and resilient informal production economy. |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360978 |
| By: | Liu, Dan; Liu, Yaru; Jin, Yanhong; Deng, Haiyan |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how the private sector in a middle-income country like China adapts to extreme heat through seed breeding innovation. While most existing research has focused on abiotic stress, such as drought and heat, we extend the analytical framework to include biotic stresses, specifically crop pest and disease exposure, a critical but often overlooked dimension of climate adaptation. We construct novel firm-level, crop-specific exposure measures of extreme heat and crop pests/diseases to investigate how both climate-related abiotic and biotic stressors influence the development of heat/drought-tolerant (HDT) and pest/disease-resistant (PDR) varieties at the firm level. Our results show that Chinese seed firms actively respond to climate pressures, increasing HDT varieties by 2.6% and PDR varieties by 9% for an additional harmful extreme heat degree-day, with significant variations across crops. Maize exhibits comprehensive adaptation across both HDT and PDR, rice focuses on PDR traits, while wheat shows limited responsiveness due to biological complexity and weaker market incentives. Breeding innovation responsiveness is stronger among private firms compared to state-owned enterprises and is most pronounced under the independent innovation model relative to inter-firm collaboration and private-public partnership models. We identify three key pathways driving these responses: increased farmer demand for climate-resilient seeds, heightened pest and disease pressures induced by extreme heat, and government policy signals, proxied by official communications addressing climate- and pest/disease-related issues. Furthermore, the adoption of improved varieties significantly mitigates crop yield loss caused by extreme heat exposure and pest/disease prevalence--PDR varieties reduce pest-related yield losses by 363.72 tons in rice and by 1, 342.27 tons in maize. However, adoption and mitigation effects in wheat remain limited due to biological and market constraints. These findings offer valuable policy insights for enhancing agricultural climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361183 |
| By: | Alcantar López, Georgina; Malmierca, Alberto; Pérez Quesada, Analía |
| Abstract: | La generación de estadísticas, indicadores y cuentas ambientales requiere del esfuerzo conjunto de las Oficinas Estadísticas Nacionales y los Ministerios responsables de las estadísticas ambientales. Aunque el desarrollo y consolidación de estas estadísticas se ha fortalecido en la región, aún enfrenta desafíos como la disponibilidad de recursos humanos y financieros específicos. Este documento presenta los resultados de la "Encuesta sobre la situación de las estadísticas, indicadores, cuentas ambientales y de cambio climático, 2023", realizada por la Unidad de Estadísticas Ambientales y de Cambio Climático de la CEPAL. La CEPAL ha seguido el desarrollo de las estadísticas ambientales en la región durante casi 25 años, utilizando diversos mecanismos, siendo el más reciente una encuesta enviada a las oficinas nacionales de estadísticas y a las encargadas de temas ambientales. Aunque la encuesta ha variado en cada ejercicio, permite hacer un seguimiento del desarrollo en la región, manteniendo puntos comunes como el marco institucional, la recopilación de datos, los marcos regionales de reporte y los temas emergentes. Las publicaciones relacionadas con estos ejercicios evidencian los avances en los desarrollos conceptuales y metodológicos disponibles, así como las iniciativas de apoyo a los países, mostrando el progreso de la región. El documento consta de nueve capítulos. El capítulo I describe el proceso de construcción de la encuesta, su integración, diseminación y un análisis numérico de las respuestas. Los capítulos II al VII abordan cada sección de la encuesta, analizando las respuestas y lo que revelan sobre la región. Se examinan el marco institucional, los métodos de recopilación, las capacidades requeridas, los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, el avance en la implementación del Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica, y las estadísticas de cambio climático. Finalmente, el capítulo VIII presenta las conclusiones generales del ejercicio. |
| Date: | 2025–12–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col027:84499 |
| By: | Tyson, Judith; Orme, Liam; Charkowska, Zuzanna; Dagnino Contreras, Valeria |
| Abstract: | This report explores approaches taken by multilateral development banks (MDBs) to the just transition and details how private investors seeking to engage in just transition principles and impact can embed the concept within green, social and sustainability (GSS) bonds and other private financial investments. The authors present a methodology for identifying emerging best practice within MDB approaches to the just transition which can be leveraged by private finance. Using the methodology the authors assess all global and regional MDBs that issue GSS bonds, finding that MDBs are committed to the just transition and have been developing sophisticated and complex approaches to embedding it throughout their operations. They have made a coordinated commitment but have also tailored their approaches to their regional contexts. This has been reflected in their GSS bonds, including in their bond frameworks and impact reporting. |
| Keywords: | development finance; global; financial instruments and strategies; policy |
| JEL: | F3 G3 N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130759 |
| By: | Mathai, Manu V. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:gluwps:334527 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265617 |
| By: | Bhandari, Nabin; Miao, Ruiqing |
| Abstract: | Valuing the agro-ecosystem services of birds can quantify the economic contribution of biodiversity and inform agricultural and conservation policies. Yet, no large-scale, generalizable study has assessed the contribution of birds to crop yields. Using county-level panel data for breeding birds in the United States over 1997-2014, we estimate the effects of grassland bird, insectivorous bird, and endangered bird biodiversity on corn and soybean yields in the presence of neonicotinoid use. We find that the yield effects vary by bird group: grassland birds contribute positively to corn and soybean yields, insectivorous birds contribute negatively, and endangered birds show no statistically significant effect. Neonicotinoid use diminishes both the beneficial and detrimental influences of birds on crop yields. When evaluated at sample means, grassland birds contribute to 11.52% of corn yield (an economic value of $9.3 billion per year), while their contribution to soybean yield is statistically insignificant. Neonicotinoid use contributes to 3.82% of corn yield and 7.02% of soybean yield, corresponding to annual economic values of $3.1 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively. Were grassland birds to become extinct, neonicotinoid use would need to increase by 219.43% to maintain current corn yield. Conversely, if neonicotinoid use were banned, then a 32.93% increase in grassland bird population could offset the resulting reduction in corn yield. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361197 |
| By: | Keane, Jodie; Arce, Bernardo; Ayele, Yohannes; Raga, Sherilyn |
| Abstract: | The European Union’s Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) poses nature-related transition risks for countries exporting to the EU market. The coffee value chain in Honduras provides an excellent context in which to study this, in view of the country’s extreme economic dependence on this highly relevant sector and the overwhelming reliance on smallholder and household producers. The macroeconomic and financial risks transmitted by the EUDR — especially for climate-vulnerable and commoditydependent economies — remain underexplored. Findings suggest that the overall risks of exclusion for Honduran producers remain extremely high because of the legality and traceability requirements of the EUDR, putting approximately 20% of the country’s exports and 7% of its foreign exchange at risk. The general exposure of banks through loans to the coffee sector, as a share of total lending portfolios, is low. However, at the individual level, some banks are highly exposed to credit risks arising from default, with potential for regional spillovers. Finally, the interaction of nature-related transition and climate risks deserves greater attention, given the potential for both financial and trade-related exclusion. |
| JEL: | L81 R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130752 |
| By: | Kilduff, Alice; Tregeagle, Daniel; Brown, Zachary S. |
| Abstract: | While phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth, excess demand for phosphate fertilizers has contributed to extremely volatile fertilizer prices and caused billions of dollars in environmental damages. Over 80% of terrestrial plants have evolved to form symbiotic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi known as mycorrhiza, which help them to absorb phosphorus, and agricultural producers may be able to improve P-efficiency by encouraging this symbiosis. However, mycorrhiza cannot be directly observed and the magnitude of their effect on P absorption is context-dependent and subject to scientific debate. This paper estimates the value of the ecosystem services provided by mycorrhiza to agricultural operators through improved P-efficiency using a dynamic programming model with varying levels of state stochasticity and uncertainty. We compare several different management strategies under which an agricultural producer chooses to add fertilizer and/or a commercial mycorrhizal inoculum to maximize profit and yield. The first objective is to calibrate a deterministic dynamic programming model, wherein the biological and physical processes are well-understood. To this, stochasticity will added, including biological stochasticity for the biomass of mycorrhiza and the host plant. Lastly, distributions will be added to key parameters, representing uncertainty about the biomass of mycorrhiza, the stock of phosphorus, and the effects of symbiosis on plant biomass. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360746 |
| By: | Bissessar, Frank R. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265050 |
| By: | Kang, Nawon; Rad, Mani Rouhi; Nayga Jr., Rodolfo M.; Hrozencik, Aaron; Perez-Quesada, Gabriela |
| Abstract: | This study examines the long-term effects of United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) dams on agricultural productivity and population growth in the Western U.S., with a focus on the role of canals. Using a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach, we compare downstream counties with and without canals to upstream counties. Our findings show that USBR dams led to substantial increases in irrigated farmland, the value of agricultural land, population, and crop sales in downstream counties relative to upstream counties. However, the effects were much stronger in downstream counties with canal infrastructure. For example, counties with canals saw greater increases in irrigated farmland, farmland values, and population growth compared to those without canals. In contrast, counties without canals experienced minimal or negative effects. Our robustness checks also confirm that the benefits extend beyond proximity to dams, with the most significant effects observed in counties with canal infrastructure. These results underscore the critical role of complementary infrastructure in shaping the returns to large-scale federal investments in water management, with broader implications for contemporary debates on climate resilience and rural development. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361120 |
| By: | Brown, Zachary S. |
| Abstract: | Economists often treat pesticide resistance as a common-pool resource problem. While pecuniary economic incentives are the standard prescription for open-access market failures arising with such resources, non-pecuniary behavioral approaches are also effective in some cases. Yet non-pecuniary instruments have not previously been evaluated for managing pesticide resistance. I empirically evaluate the performance of such an intervention to manage pest resistance to genetically engineered Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn. Regulations by the US Environmental Protection Agency mandate refuges to delay the evolution of Bt resistance. To satisfy Bt product permitting requirements with the EPA, the agricultural company Monsanto piloted a social marketing program to promote refuge in 17 North Carolina counties in 2013-2014. Using seed sales data from 2013 to 2016 for the whole of North Carolina, I estimate multiple econometric models, including linear difference-in-differences (DID), fractional DID, discrete changes-in-changes, and matching to identify the average treatment effect (ATE) of the program on growers’ refuge planting decisions. Results suggest that if it had covered all corn growers in North Carolina, the intervention would have led the average grower to plant between 2.6% and 5.8% (depending on model) more refuge in the 2014 season immediately following the program, than would have been the case without the program. The ATE roughly halves in 2015 and vanishes by 2016. Econometric analysis suggests the program increased by 12% the average probability of planting any refuge in 2014. Evidence is mixed for effects of the intervention on grower compliance with mandated refuge thresholds. Informed by behavioral economics research on other environmental and resource policies, I discuss the implications of these findings for pesticide resistance management. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:264974 |
| By: | Alem, Yonas (University of Cape Town); Woldemichael, Leulseged L. (Addis Ababa University) |
| Abstract: | We use nationally representative panel data from rural areas and small towns in Ethiopia, matched with fine‑resolution weather data, to investigate the impact of drought on energy poverty. Energy poverty is measured using the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) and a multidimensional poverty status indicator. Fixed‑effects regression estimates show that experiencing drought in the previous production year increases a household’s MEPI score by 0.019 points and raises the probability of being multidimensionally energy poor by 3.8%. We further demonstrate that the primary pathway through which drought affects energy poverty is through its adverse effect on per‑capita income: experiencing drought in the previous production period reduces per‑capita income by 33.7%. In contrast, we find that the energy poverty of households participating in Ethiopia’s major safety‑net intervention—the Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP)—is not significantly affected by drought, suggesting that the program effectively buffers participants from these shocks. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing literature on the economic costs of drought and underscore the critical role of well‑targeted safety‑net programs in mitigating climate‑related vulnerabilities. |
| Keywords: | Income shock; Energy Poverty; Ethiopia |
| JEL: | I32 O13 Q40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2025_014 |
| By: | Jolly, Desmond A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc86:265061 |
| By: | Pemberton, Carlisle; Ragbir, Sarojini |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265620 |
| By: | Aldulaimi, Raed; Aglan, Dahab; Azeez, Hasan; Salih, Firas |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses substantial challenges for climate-displaced women in developing countries, where limited education and social norms can hinder access to labour markets, social integration and political engagement. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a training programme on displaced women’s willingness to engage with and participate in the labour market, social networks and political activities within local communities. Using rich pre-and post-training survey data from 36 women displaced by climate shocks from southwestern Mosul, our findings show that women’s willingness to work or start a business increases significantly after the training, as does their willingness to engage with elected officials to address displacement-related challenges. However, we do not find evidence of improved willingness to integrate with host communities, reflecting women’s perceptions of limited support in their host communities and highlighting the challenges of climate displacement. Our findings highlight the need for local and national governments to expand educational and vocational programmes for climate-displaced women while also investing in host communities to reduce social tensions and promote inclusive recovery. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130699 |
| By: | Tran The, Tuan; Bui Van, Vien; Do Thi, Tho |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises account for more than 98.2% of total enterprises in Hanoi and contribute significantly to the city’s employment, innovation, and GDP. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the influence of corporate social responsibility and green marketing on the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi, Vietnam. With 292 valid survey responses, data analysis was conducted through PLS-SEM. The study results show that corporate social responsibility and green marketing are critical to the competitiveness of small and medium-sized firms in Hanoi. Corporate social responsibility positively influences green marketing (β = 0.812, p |
| Keywords: | social responsibility, green marketing, reputation, competitiveness, economic growth, community welfare, environment |
| JEL: | M14 M31 Q01 |
| Date: | 2025–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:127538 |
| By: | Pereira da Silva, Luiz Awazu |
| Abstract: | The transition to net zero cannot be won without a massive redirection of global capital towards emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs) – encompassing both mitigation and adaptation finance. These countries face annual external financing needs in the order of US$1.3 trillion by 2035, yet international flows remain a fraction of that. This discussion paper sets out a comprehensive, sequenced and politically ambitious agenda of regulatory, policy and institutional reforms to help close that gap. The author outlines a set of reforms to overcome the impediments limiting the flow of climate finance into developing countries. |
| JEL: | N0 F3 G3 E6 |
| Date: | 2025–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130729 |
| By: | Masahito Ambashi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews theoretical, empirical, and practical studies of industrial parks and examines their impact on development, particularly for developing countries. Theoretical mechanisms indicate positive impacts of industrial parks on economic development through agglomeration economies, including internal/external economies, reduced transaction costs, capital accumulation, and learning and knowledge spillovers. Meanwhile, empirical studies examining special economic zones (SEZs), i.e.industrial hubs with strong incentives for resident firms, show that they do not necessarily bring out high performance. This means that the design of industrial parks and supporting policies are critical for them to cause positive impacts on development for developing countries. This paper points to new issues of industrial park development that policymakers should note. Consideration of the Sustainable Development Goals (e.g. environment, female labour force, and human rights) is necessary to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) that has greater interest in these sustainability issues. This paper also indicates that digitalisation, the service economy, and natural resources should be incorporated into industrial park development strategies to create diversified and upgraded industries. Finally, this paper attempts to provide policy lessons to viable industrial parks based on the above-mentioned discussions, which can serve as a reference point for developing countries. |
| Keywords: | industrial parks; agglomeration economies; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); digitalisation; development strategy; industrial policy |
| JEL: | L52 O14 O25 |
| Date: | 2025–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2025-08 |
| By: | Linuk Perera |
| Abstract: | This research introduces a novel quantitative methodology tailored for quantitative finance applications, enabling banks, stockbrokers, and investors to predict economic regimes and market signals in emerging markets, specifically Sri Lankan stock indices (S&P SL20 and ASPI) by integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) sentiment analysis with macroeconomic indicators and advanced time-series forecasting. Designed to leverage quantitative techniques for enhanced risk assessment, portfolio optimization, and trading strategies in volatile environments, the architecture employs FinBERT, a transformer-based NLP model, to extract sentiment from ESG texts, followed by unsupervised clustering (UMAP/HDBSCAN) to identify 5 latent ESG regimes, validated via PCA. These regimes are mapped to economic conditions using a dense neural network and gradient boosting classifier, achieving 84.04% training and 82.0% validation accuracy. Concurrently, time-series models (SRNN, MLP, LSTM, GRU) forecast daily closing prices, with GRU attaining an R-squared of 0.801 and LSTM delivering 52.78% directional accuracy on intraday data. A strong correlation between S&P SL20 and S&P 500, observed through moving average and volatility trend plots, further bolsters forecasting precision. A rule-based fusion logic merges ESG and time-series outputs for final market signals. By addressing literature gaps that overlook emerging markets and holistic integration, this quant-driven framework combines global correlations and local sentiment analysis to offer scalable, accurate tools for quantitative finance professionals navigating complex markets like Sri Lanka. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.20216 |
| By: | Chen, Jian; Feng, Hongli; Hoffman, Elizabeth; Seaberg, Luke |
| Abstract: | In the United States, utility-scale solar initiatives face growing local resistance despite their cost-competitiveness and potential in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the marginal effects of knowledge levels related to solar, information treatments, and their interconnections with peoples’ attitudes toward utility-scale solar energy systems and explores some key drivers of the different knowledge levels. We designed and implemented a survey targeting both public officials and the general population in the U.S. state of Iowa. Among 862 respondents, 79.8% self-reported having a low level of knowledge about solar energy. Additionally, 77.7% expressed at least moderate support for hosting such projects in their community. Our empirical results suggest that individuals with a higher level of knowledge of utility-scale solar energy tend to express a higher degree of support for adopting such projects within their community. Individuals’ attitudes are more responsive to the negative information treatment. Notably, there are significant differences between public officials and the general population in attitudes and responsiveness to information treatments. We also find that landowners’ support for utility-scale solar projects is unlikely to change regardless of knowledge levels, while non-landowners show increased support with higher levels of knowledge. This study provides insights for developing context-specific outreach programs to enhance public awareness and support for utility-scale solar projects and promote future solar development. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361226 |
| By: | Brown, Zachary S.; Connor, Lawson; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Yorobe Jr., Jose M. |
| Abstract: | Farmer control of agricultural pests raises the possibility of bioeconomic feedbacks and spillovers, whereby greater aggregate effort exerted on pest control lowers overall pest densities. This in turn decreases individual growers’ marginal incentives for pest control. While economists have written theoretically about such feedbacks or modeled it in simulations of bio-invasions, they rarely measure it econometrically. Here we adapt an instrumental variables methodology developed for discrete choice endogenous sorting models in the environmental and urban economics literatures to study bioeconomic feedbacks in pest control. As a methodological innovation, we introduce use of censored regression methods to handle 0% or 100% market shares in hedonic second-stage analysis of fixed effects in discrete choice models. We apply these methods to study area-level adoption and potential feedbacks from individuals’ decisions to adopt transgenic Bt corn, using a panel dataset from the Philippines. In a conceptual model, we generate the hypothesis that greater areawide deployment of Bt crops should reduce individual farmers’ incentives to use this technology, ceteris paribus. Our econometric estimation supports the hypothesis that greater areawide use of Bt attenuates individual incentives to use these varieties. In terms of economic significance, this feedback effect implies a mean long-run price elasticity for the Bt trait 67% lower than that implied by an econometric model ignoring it. Examining whether this estimated feedback relates to areawide pest suppression, we find farmers’ expectations about infestation from the main pest targeted by Bt crops are significantly reduced by higher areawide Bt deployment. We conclude by discussing the welfare and yield implications for these areawide bioeconomic feedbacks. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:272080 |
| By: | Williams, Mariama; Constable, Ayesha |
| Abstract: | Abordar la desigualdad de género en el financiamiento climático resulta fundamental para reducir la vulnerabilidad de las mujeres ante los peligros climáticos, en especial en el Caribe, donde los efectos del cambio climático amenazan economías y medios de vida. La inclusión financiera de las mujeres resulta necesaria para el desarrollo sostenible y la resiliencia climática. El presente informe analiza el financiamiento climático con enfoque de género, examina el escenario de financiamiento climático a nivel regional y mundial, y pone de manifiesto cuestiones clave relacionadas con la igualdad de género y la autonomía de las mujeres. El informe incluye un análisis de los desafíos y las oportunidades para la igualdad de género en materia de financiamiento climático; análisis de tendencias de distribución de financiamiento climático y su alcance a mujeres y organizaciones de mujeres; una evaluación de los planes de acción de género por parte de los principales mecanismos de financiamiento climático, y un examen de iniciativas de financiamiento innovadoras desde una perspectiva de género. Este análisis integral pretende mejorar la comprensión del financiamiento climático con perspectiva de género y de su impacto sobre las vidas y los medios de vida de las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe. |
| Date: | 2025–12–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col040:84510 |
| By: | Leigland, James |
| Abstract: | Demonstration effects play a perplexing role in the theories of change adopted by development banks and donors. Such effects are said to be important but cannot be measured or their mechanics fully explained. They are important because these organizations do not have enough funding to help developing countries fully cover the costs of achieving ambitious targets like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), they must try to mobilize the balance of needed investment from the private sector. Some forms of direct mobilization are measurable, but demonstration effects are indirect and almost impossible to quantify. In theory, they occur when the success of a project supported by a development partner encourages replication by others using less concessional support. The importance of demonstration effects has grown as it has become clear that measurable types of mobilization account for far less private investment than is needed to achieve targets like the SDGs. Development partners repeatedly affirm this importance by routinely invoking these effects to justify subsidization of private investment projects. But proof of their existence—and importance—remains elusive. This paper uses a literature review and a case study of a notable public-private water sector investment project in Rwanda to evaluate the performance of demonstration effects in mobilizing private investment in infrastructure. Although the many development partners who supported this project confidently claimed that its demonstration effects were powerful and would prompt replication elsewhere, this investigation concludes that the project would most likely discourage replication by reasonably knowledgeable observers. Such conclusions suggest the need to better understand the nature of demonstration effects, why their existence is so widely taken for granted, as well as the wisdom of setting highly ambitious development targets like the SDGs which cannot be reached without significant levels of private investment. |
| Keywords: | demonstration effects; public-private partnerships; infrastructure; SDGs; blended finance; PIDG; World Bank; IFC; private investment |
| JEL: | O1 O16 O19 |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126933 |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This conference was part of the sessions of the French Academy of Agriculture (Paris, September 17, 2025). Proposed by members of Section 3 of the Academy (René Baumont and Françoise Médale), the session was entitled: "Organic Livestock Farming: Today and Tomorrow." Among the presentations delivered by various speakers within this framework, this one focused on the dynamics of the market for organic animal products in France. |
| Abstract: | Cette conférence s'inscrit dans le cadre des Séances de l'Académie d'Agriculture de France (Paris, 17 septembre 2025). Proposée par des membres de la section 3 de l'AAF (René Baumont et Françoise Médale), cette séance avait pour titre général : « L'élevage biologique : aujourd'hui et demain ». Parmi les conférences présentées dans ce cadre par différents intervenants, celle-ci était focalisée sur la dynamique du marché des produits animaux bio en France. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, Agricultural markets, Organic livestock farming, Organic agriculture, Marchés agricoles, Elevage biologique, Agriculture biologique |
| Date: | 2025–09–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05430711 |
| By: | Bronnenberg, B.J.J.A.M. (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Bùi, Trang (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Deleersnyder, Barbara (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Haerkens, Lesley (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Knox, George (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); van Lin, Arjen (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Pachali, Max (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Paley, Anna (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Smith, Robert (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Stäbler, Samuel (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:776efe3e-2b65-4122-90df-fdd1829c51fd |
| By: | Zhong, Zhen; Zhong, Xiaoting; Chen, Wei; Guo, Jun; Gu, Yangyang |
| Abstract: | China’s traditional self-sufficient economy has maintained a close relationship between agricultural production and rural livelihoods for thousands of years, with human waste playing a crucial role in closing the nutrient cycle. However, the recent toilet revolution program in rural China, spurred by significant government investments in sanitation infrastructure, presents a potential disruption to this age-old nutrient cycle. Leveraging an extensive panel dataset from China’s official Fixed Observation Rural Survey (FORS) spanning 2009 to 2018 focusing on 21, 747 farming households, we estimate the impact of adopting indoor sanitary toilets on household decisions regarding manure and chemical fertilizer usages using a two-way fixed effects (TWFE) approach. We further utilize the toilet revolution policy implementation at the village level as the instrumental variable for individual having toilets. We find that the introduction of indoor sanitation facilities leads to a notable decrease in both the probability of manure application and the amount of manure used by households, while concurrently increasing the chemical fertilizer usage and in particular the urea usage. Our study underscores the intricate interplay between advancements in rural sanitation, agricultural production decision-making, and the unintended environmental consequences arising from improved living standards in developing countries. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:360737 |
| By: | Silke Johanndeiter; Jonas Finke; Justus Heuer |
| Abstract: | Weather, technological and regulatory uncertainties expose actors in highly renewable electricity markets to substantial price and volume risks. Two-way Contracts for Difference (CfDs) can mitigate these risks. They stipulate payments between the government and generators of renewable electricity based on the difference of a strike and a reference price, whose definition and unit of payment differ between CfD designs. We study the effect of three different CfD designs on wind power profit and consumer price volatility under the consideration of uncertain market outcomes in a highly renewable, sector-coupled electricity market. First, we analytically derive optimal strike prices under uncertainty. Second, we numerically determine optimal strike prices based on market expectations retrieved from optimising a set of 36 market scenarios in an energy system model. Third, we study the distribution of ex post market revenues, CfD payments and consumer prices across all 36 scenarios. Compared to purely market-based consumer prices and investor profits, we find all CfDs to significantly reduce volatility. For consumer prices, results show no substantial differences between CfD designs. For investor profits, we identify the highest volatility reduction under a capacity-based CfD with a reference price similar to power plants' individual market revenues. Since such a CfD design is known to diminish the effect of price signals on investment decisions, our results reveal a trade-off between incentivising system-friendliness and reducing investor risk. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2512.17508 |
| By: | Zhao, Xialing; Fan, Linlin; Xu, Yilan; Baylis, Kathy; Heckelei, Thomas; Cao, An |
| Abstract: | Understanding how production shocks influence food prices is increasingly critical in a world facing climate change and growing dependence on international trade for crops. This study examines how production shocks influence crop prices by combining machine learning methods and gravity modeling. Using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach with weather instruments selected via the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), we first predict crop production using high-resolution weather variables. The instruments exhibit strong predictive power and pass weak instrument tests. In the second stage, we find that increases in domestic production significantly reduce local prices, while the effects of production changes in trade partners vary across crops. Higher output by major sellers lowers rice prices but raises wheat prices, and greater production by major buyers increases maize and wheat prices. We estimate trade flows using a structural gravity model, incorporating WTO membership, free trade agreements (FTA), and border effects. Results show that WTO membership significantly promotes wheat trade, while border frictions tend to reduce trade volumes, especially after 2010. These findings highlight the complex transmission mechanisms of production shocks through global trade networks and underscore the importance of accounting for both supply and demand channels when evaluating food price dynamics and international food security. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361040 |
| By: | Díez Pinto, Elena |
| Abstract: | El seminario “Planificación Estratégica Territorial y Cadenas de Valor Asociadas a la Explotación de Minerales Críticos en el Noroeste Argentino” realizado por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Universidad Nacional de Salta en el marco del proyecto MINSUS IV de la Cooperación Alemana (GIZ) reunió a diversos actores en la Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina del 26 al 27 de marzo del 2025 para discutir el desarrollo territorial sostenible en las provincias litíferas de Argentina. Se abordaron temas como las oportunidades y desafíos del desarrollo territorial, la inversión pública, la gobernanza del litio y los potenciales encadenamientos productivos del litio, así como la medición y el monitoreo de impactos ambientales y los aportes de la academia a la planificación territorial en contextos mineros. Los participantes destacaron la importancia de una visión integral del territorio, que considere la minería como un medio para el desarrollo humano y no como un fin en sí mismo. Se enfatizó la necesidad de articular esfuerzos entre los distintos niveles de gobierno, el sector privado, la academia y la sociedad civil para promover una minería sostenible e inclusiva. También se analizaron los desafíos estructurales que enfrenta la región, como el bajo crecimiento económico, la heterogeneidad productiva y la desigualdad territorial. Se planteó la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas de desarrollo productivo, mejorar la coordinación institucional y promover la integración regional para impulsar el crecimiento y la diversificación económica. En el ámbito de la gobernanza del litio, se examinaron diferentes modelos a nivel global, destacando la importancia de la coordinación intergubernamental, la capacidad del Estado para captar y gestionar los recursos, y la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones. Se debatió sobre el potencial de la minería para superar el estancamiento económico, así como los desafíos vinculados a la sostenibilidad ambiental y social. Además se exploraron las oportunidades para generar encadenamientos productivos en torno al litio, con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo de proveedores locales, la agregación de valor y la diversificación económica. Similarmente, se abordaron las principales oportunidades y desafíos para la innovación tecnológica y valor agregado en las cadenas de valor del litio así como en la extracción de litio que pueden generar oportunidades para la agregación de valor. En materia de medición y monitoreo de impactos ambientales, se presentó una propuesta conceptual para el monitoreo integrado de salares, así como los elementos clave y desafíos que presenta el monitoreo ambiental participativo. Se conoció el indicador sintético de impactos ambientales de la actividad minera de Salta. Finalmente universidades de Jujuy, Salta y Catamarca visibilizaron las contribuciones de las universidades en la generación de conocimiento, análisis de impacto y propuestas para el desarrollo territorial sostenible. |
| Date: | 2025–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:83369 |
| By: | Osman, Eliyasu Y.; Bergtold, Jason S.; Sutley, Elaina J.; Graham, Madison; Gaucin, Anexi; Ren, Yongwang; Sharmin, Rumana |
| Abstract: | Energy insecurity affects millions of households across the U.S., with the greatest impact reported on individuals already facing economic and health-related challenges. Global events, including extreme weather events, international conflicts, and inflation, have recently raised awareness of energy security and its effects on the economy and human health. This study analyses the energy insecurity situation in Kansas using survey data and an ordered logit model. The study reveals critical insights into the factors driving household energy insecurity in Kansas, especially regarding financial energy insecurity. The analysis indicates a 4.2% energy burden level in Kansas, with rural areas bearing the highest brunt, with about 7% burden (exceeding the recognized high energy burden of 6%), compared to metropolitan areas of 3% burden. While the majority of the respondents (about 62%) were thriving in terms of their energy needs, a significant number of about 18% of households were either vulnerable or in crisis for home energy services. The regression results reveal that higher energy bills, electric heating, special electricity-dependent medical needs, and demographic traits like nonwhite or female-headed households are linked to a higher probability of experiencing severe energy insecurity levels, while household income, homeownership, and college households are more likely to experience higher levels of energy security. These findings draw attention to stakeholders on the structural and economic barriers to energy services among Kansas households, particularly the rural-urban disparities. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea25:361117 |
| By: | Parker, Dominic P.; Thurman, Walter N. |
| Abstract: | The growth of land trusts and the restrictions on land development through conservation easements is one of the most striking trends in charitable giving and American land conservation. We exploit sharp variation over time and across states in tax policy to estimate the extent to which this trend is explained by tax incentives. Relying on detailed information about the federal and state income tax codes between 1987 and 2012, we develop an income tax calculator that quantifies the after-tax price of donating an easement. We use panel data techniques to measure the response of state-level growth in easement acreage to the price of donating. Our analysis reveals large responses of easement holdings to changes in the donation price. Characterized as elasticities, our estimates range from around -3.3 to -5.5: the percentage change in easement holdings resulting from a one percent change in the donation price. These elasticities support previously untested assertions that tax policy is responsible for the rapid expansion of conservation easements, and are larger than estimates of how charitable donations of other types respond to after-tax prices. Although we find that tax policy is effective in encouraging the private provision of open space amenities, it comes with a caveat. We present evidence that donated easements are inferior to purchased lands in ecological quality, according to land trusts’ own definitions of the term. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cenrep:264977 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | The Third Forum on Human Rights Defenders in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean was held in Basseterre from 7 to 10 April 2025. The Forum was convened by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), as the Secretariat for the Regional Agreement on Access to Information, Public Participation and Justice in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean (Escazú Agreement), in partnership with the Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN-Women). This document is the official report of the Third Forum on Human Rights Defenders in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean. It summarizes the various panel discussions, dialogues and presentations that took place there. It also includes the programme for the implementation of the Action Plan on Human Rights Defenders in Environmental Matters in Latin America and the Caribbean of the Escazú Agreement prepared by the coordinators of the open-ended ad hoc working group and a systematized overview of the contributions of the breakout groups regarding gender mainstreaming in the implementation of the Escazú Agreement. |
| Date: | 2025–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:84547 |
| By: | Hickel, Jason |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130644 |
| By: | Badrie, Neela; Deisingh, Anil |
| Abstract: | The events of the September 11th 2001 terrorist attack in the United States along with food scares worldwide, have heightened the interest in protecting the Caribbean food supply chain, since it represents a tempting target for bioterrorists. Food terrorism could pose both severe public health and economic impacts. The best defense against food security threats is a real, proactive commitment to food safety. Food security and food safety share an integrated goal of 'prevention to protect' whether the threat/risk is intentional or accidental. Caribbean countries would need to consider a wider range of food security issues from their domestic production and look beyond their trading partners to assure food safety. This paper identifies some potential biological and chemical risks on food safety, steps that could be taken to enhance food security and the impact of the US Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 on food trade for Caribbean countries. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:carc04:265618 |