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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Janda, Karel; Turkova, Anezka |
| Abstract: | This paper deals with the impact of climate change on crop insurance in the Czech Republic in the context of government support policies. It combines a comparative analysis of selected EU countries’ insurance systems with an empirical investigation of factors influencing Czech farmers’ decisions to purchase crop insurance. Using farm-level data, the analysis explores the roles of weather variability, government disaster aid, and participation in agri-environmental schemes. We show that past experience with extreme weather and dependence on state aid have a significant impact on insurance uptake, while recent weather anomalies and participation in environmental schemes have a limited influence. |
| Keywords: | government policy, crop insurance, climate, weather |
| JEL: | D81 G22 Q12 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:330706 |
| By: | Paparas, D.; Gadanakis, Y.; Behrendt, K. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepr:374790 |
| By: | Velloso, Helvia; Perrotti, Daniel E.; Sobreira, Rudá |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of green, social, sustainable, and sustainability-linked (GSSS) bonds in financing the energy transition in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It combines a descriptive assessment of sectoral bond issuance patterns from 2014 to 2024 with an econometric exercise focusing on the region’s top five issuers. The results indicate that GSSS bonds have contributed to the expansion of renewable energy capacity but have not yet produced a structural shift in the overall energy mix. These findings underscore both the opportunities and limitations of sustainable finance, highlighting the importance of complementary policies, market reforms, and effective governance to maximize its transformative potential. |
| Date: | 2025–10–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col034:82543 |
| By: | Brehmer, Sarah; Cézanne, Thibault; Kirschenmann, Karolin; Zilke, Philip |
| Abstract: | Nearly two decades of green bond issues have ignited various research questions and fields surrounding the topic. It is therefore time to take stock. Green bonds were launched with the goal of greening the financial sector by investing the generated funds into sustainable projects that support the transition to a resilient, climate-neutral economy. But are green bonds living up to their promise? In this policy brief, we provide evidence on the role that green bonds can play in the green transition. Our findings are based on a recent project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR). When examining the potential distortionary effects of policy interventions (such as green government bond issues) in the green bond market, we only find small effects on average, even though those are stronger for large and specific interventions. Looking at green bond auction design from a theoretical perspective, it can be seen that strategic bidding behaviour can incentivise investors to shift their portfolios towards green investments in general. When banks issue green bonds, they increase the financing of green firms in the form of sustainability-linked loans. As a result, environmental benefits materialise as recipient firms reduce their emissions. These effects are only evident for firms that are already greener than others, however, so more targeted incentives seem needed to channel financial flows more effectively into sustainable transition projects. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:331234 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Gkargkavouzi, Anastasia |
| Abstract: | The climate crisis profoundly impacts individuals’ behavioral, cognitive, and emotional responses, threatening well-being and undermining efforts toward climate adaptation. Psychological insights are therefore crucial for the design of effective policies and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The present study investigates the psychological processes involved in coping with climate-related threats and examines the interrelationships among environmental identity, eco-emotions, perceived nature restorativeness, and psychological adaptation to climate change. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Greece resulting in a sample of 552 participants. Statistical analyses were performed using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), complemented by reliability and validity assessments. Results indicated that eco-emotions significantly influence psychological adaptation to climate change; environmental identity impacts eco-emotions and perceived restorativeness of nature, as well as directly affecting psychological adaptation; and perceived restorativeness of nature influences eco-emotions. These findings underscore the importance of fostering environmental identity and promoting restorative nature experiences as pathways to enhance psychological adaptation to climate change, offering actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners addressing climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; phychological adaptation; eco-emotions; environmental identity. |
| JEL: | D90 I21 I25 Q01 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126755 |
| By: | Sandy Bond |
| Abstract: | The Paris Accords (previously named the Kyoto Protocol) is an international environmental treaty intended to reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to help tackle climate change, and its associated effects such as more extreme weather events and sea-level rise. Improving energy efficiency of buildings and appliances is the most cost-effective way of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program estimates that homes can achieve carbon emission reductions up to 70% with current best practices (McMahon et al., 2007). New building energy codes and legislation have been introduced to address this but deal with new homes primarily. Industry too, has been pro-active with the introduction of various home rating tools. However, one of the limiting factors to achieving these efficiencies is individual behavior change and the public policies necessary to catalyze these changes. This paper outlines the results of research carried out in St. Augustine Beach, Florida in 2020 and again in 2025. St. Augustine is one of many chronically flooded communities along Florida's 1, 200-mile coastline. Climate change has resulted in more extreme weather events in the nation’s oldest city, such as hurricanes Mathew (2016) and more recently Milton (2024), that caused significant damage to homes and buildings. Fortunately, the City of St Augustine Beach recently passed resolutions on sea level rise and climate change to help raise awareness of these issues. The research adopted a survey approach to help gauge the perceptions of the community toward climate change and the motivation of individuals to reduce their carbon emissions, in the face of increasing extreme weather events. Just prior to the first survey in 2020 the State has experienced more devastation from hurricanes Ian (2022), Idalia (2023) and both Helene and Milton in 2024. The broad aim of the research was initially to examine the lifestyle choices of residents in relation to climate change and to educate them on actions they can take to reduce their carbon footprint under three categories: transportation; food production and diet, and buildings. The second survey was to gauge if these attitudes have changed with the more recent weather events and with the pronounced difficulty in obtaining insurance cover. Further, with the introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act 2022, the survey aimed to educate residents about the tax credits, loans and grants available to them and how to apply to assist them in their transition to a decarbonized lifestyle. The results will help identify what behavioral and policy changes are needed to increase the uptake of energy efficiency and sustainability practices by householders to reduce their carbon footprint. With the likelihood that President-elect Trump will withdraw from the Paris climate agreement, it is even more imperative that local communities act to address climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Energy Efficiency; Resident perceptions; sustainability |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_23 |
| By: | Franklin Allen (Imperial College London; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)); Patrick Behr (Independent); Riccardo Cosenza (USI Lugano); Eric Nowak (Swiss Finance Institute; Universita della Svizzera Italiana (USI Lugano)) |
| Abstract: | We explore how investors react to firms' biodiversity-focused activities in the Voluntary Carbon Market. The average stock price reaction of forestry carbon offsetting with and without biodiversity impact is not significantly different from zero until the end of 2022. Following a Guardian article claiming rainforest carbon offsets to be 'worthless' in January 2023, the announcement returns to carbon credit retirements turned significantly negative. This effect is not significant for carbon credits contributing to biodiversity conservation certified by the Climate, Community & Biodiversity CCB Standard, but it is significantly negative for other credits. Our results show that investors care about both the biodiversity impact of carbon credits as well as the climate-change mitigation integrity of offsetting activities. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Offsets, Carbon Pricing, Climate Change, Climate Finance, Rainforest, Voluntary Carbon Markets, Biodiversity |
| JEL: | G11 G12 Q21 Q23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2585 |
| By: | Greig, Alastair; McIlory, John |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355309 |
| By: | Miao, Yiyuan; Swallow, Brent; Goddard, Ellen; Sheng, Jiping |
| Abstract: | Agricultural and food systems play a crucial role in affecting climate change, and shifting towards plant-based diets has been recognized as a beneficial strategy to reduce environmental pressures. A stated choice study was conducted to better understand consumers’ interest and motives toward consuming alternative plant-based beverages, particularly the way that information is communicated to consumers. We collected 1825 online survey responses in Canada and 1865 survey responses in China using panels accessed through market research companies. Te results confirm the positive impact of GHG information exposure and highlight the importance of information framing. In both countries, the “avoid” framing has a stronger influence on the probability of choosing beverages with lower GHG emissions. Additionally, we find that some respondents strongly prefer products consistent with traditional dietary patterns, highlighting the potential difficulty of promoting dietary transitions, such as plant-based diets, in different contexts. These findings contribute to the understanding of consumer behavior and provide guidance for the development of sustainable consumption strategies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355348 |
| By: | Boaitey, Albert; Goddard, Ellen; Hailu, Getu; Greden, Lydia |
| Abstract: | Reducing emissions from livestock production is at the forefront of the ongoing policy discourse aimed at reducing the environmental impact of agricultural emissions and achieving net zero goals. This study examines farmer incentive to adopt breeding practices with the potential to improve farm-level environmental outcomes in dairy cattle. The modelling approach accounts for region-specific agroecological variables, milk yields, farm costs, manure management practices and input use. We also examine the potential role of revenue from the sale of carbon offsets and estimate and report the abatement costs of different scenarios. We find evidence of a wide variation in abatement costs ($479 tonne CO2eq-1 - -$830 tonne CO2 eq-1 ) resulting from the implementation of the various practices. Variation in outcomes across the two regions analysed was limited. We find that whilst additional revenue from the carbon offset market can change farmer incentive, maximizing the potential of these mitigation measures requires the right complementary manure management practices. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355313 |
| By: | Schmid, Anna |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses a substantial threat to global agricultural livelihoods, with particular challenges for the perennial crop sector due to path dependencies. This study utilizes survey data from Swiss fruit farmers to analyze grower behavior, climate perception, and adaptation strategies. We investigate the differential impacts of frost and drought on farmers’ livelihoods, providing an extensive overview of Swiss farmers’ perspectives on climate change. Our examination encompasses climate perceptions and the assessment of willingness to adapt to various paths, exploring factors influencing adaptation choices. Preliminary findings highlight significant harvest losses from frost compared to drought. Farmers with irrigation systems demonstrate enhanced abilities in identifying temporal shifts in precipitation. Moreover, farmers acknowledging both climate change and its human causes exhibit more accurate climate perceptions than those denying climate change. Additional results reveal a U-shaped relationship between farmers’ losses and their willingness to adapt, with a tendency for climate change believers to exhibit greater adaptability to future climatic shifts. This study contributes scientific insights into the complex dynamics of climate change impacts on Swiss fruit growers, offering a basis for informed decision-making and adaptive strategies in evolving climatic conditions. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355317 |
| By: | Chou, Phanith; Borey Bora, Chan; Phen, Bunthoeun; Kees, Swanns |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373371 |
| By: | Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Lokesh Kumar, Jena; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the interconnections between subjective well-being (SWB), climate change and agriculture through a bibliometric analysis of 3107 publications from 1998 to 2024. The research reveals a growing body of literature on this topic, yet a significant research gap exists in exploring the intricate relationships between these domains, for which thematic analysis was conducted. The study uncovers a complex relationship between climate change, environmental impacts, agricultural practices, and subjective well-being by mapping the intellectual structure and identifying key trends. Bibliometric analysis uncovered influential sources (Sustainability), writers (Whitmee with co-authors) and nations (China) that made substantial contributions to the subject. A proposed relational framework highlights the multifaceted effects of climate change on SWB, mediated by factors such as health, stress, technology, soil health and water availability. The findings emphasise the need for integrated approaches involving education, policy and mitigation strategies as moderating variables to address the challenges posed by climate change and enhance agricultural sustainability and human well-being. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:374788 |
| By: | Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Lokesh Kumar, Jena; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the interconnections between subjective well-being (SWB), climate change and agriculture through a bibliometric analysis of 3107 publications from 1998 to 2024. The research reveals a growing body of literature on this topic, yet a significant research gap exists in exploring the intricate relationships between these domains, for which thematic analysis was conducted. The study uncovers a complex relationship between climate change, environmental impacts, agricultural practices, and subjective well-being by mapping the intellectual structure and identifying key trends. Bibliometric analysis uncovered influential sources (Sustainability), writers (Whitmee with co-authors) and nations (China) that made substantial contributions to the subject. A proposed relational framework highlights the multifaceted effects of climate change on SWB, mediated by factors such as health, stress, technology, soil health and water availability. The findings emphasise the need for integrated approaches involving education, policy and mitigation strategies as moderating variables to address the challenges posed by climate change and enhance agricultural sustainability and human well-being. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:374788 |
| By: | Paparas, D.; Gadanakis, Y.; Behrendt, K. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Land Economics/Use, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:374790 |
| By: | Agnieszka Zalejska-Jonsson; Sara Wilkinson |
| Abstract: | Urbanization has significantly altered land use, reducing natural habitats and exacerbating environmental issues such as increased temperatures, altered water cycles, and poor air quality. The study investigates whether and how buyers perceive greenery in housing developments, the impact of green infrastructure on consumer interest, and the potential financial benefits of investing in sustainable residential designs. The study builds upon research in consumer behavior, urban planning, and real estate economics to explore property buyers’ preferences. The study employed an experimental design embedded within a survey to test the effect of green infrastructure on buyers’ interest. Five courtyard designs with varying levels of greenery were developed in collaboration with landscape architects. These were visualized using 3D modeling techniques and virtual reality tools, allowing participants to explore different courtyard layouts. Respondents were randomly assigned one of the five courtyard scenarios and asked to evaluate its attractiveness and their interest in purchasing an apartment in the development. Data was collected from 922 participants in Sweden and 614 in Australia using structured online surveys. The analysis utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess relationships between courtyard greenery, attractiveness, and purchasing interest. The study concludes that green infrastructure plays a significant role in shaping buyers' perceptions of residential developments. Findings indicate that greener courtyards enhance property attractiveness, social engagement, and environmental benefits, leading to increased willingness to pay. Additionally, study reflects how cultural and environmental contexts shape buyers’ perceptions of green spaces, compering results obtained in Sweden and Australia. The study’s experimental approach provides a novel methodology for evaluating the economic and psychological effects of greenery in residential developments |
| Keywords: | buyers perception; Green Infrastructure; housing; sustainable cities |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_230 |
| By: | Kerem Yavuz Arslanli; Ayse Buket Onem; Maral Tascilar; Cemre Ozipek; Maide Donmez; Belinay Hira Guney; Sule Tagtekin; Candan Bodur; Yulia Besik |
| Abstract: | The catastrophic consequences of the February 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye have accentuated the pressing necessity for resilient and sustainable reconstruction in disaster-stricken regions. This research paper investigates the potential for low carbon investments in the real estate sector to catalyze the recovery and redevelopment of earthquake-affected areas. By employing demand modeling techniques and scrutinizing key market indicators, the study endeavors to identify investment opportunities that can yield both economic and environmental benefits. The paper leverages a comprehensive dataset encompassing 81 cities from 2013 to 2024, facilitating a robust analysis of residential market dynamics, energy consumption patterns, and socioeconomic factors. Through the application of random-effects GLS regression, the research elucidates the determinants of housing demand and the feasibility of low carbon interventions in post-disaster settlements. The findings provide invaluable insights for policymakers, investors, and real estate professionals aspiring to promote sustainable and resilient reconstruction efforts. By emphasizing the potential for low carbon investments to stimulate economic recovery while concurrently mitigating climate change impacts, this paper contributes to the burgeoning body of knowledge on green real estate and disaster risk management. |
| Keywords: | demand modeling, ; disaster recovery, ; low carbon real estate, ; resilient reconstruction, |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_288 |
| By: | Bekkers, Eddy; Yilmaz, Ayse Nihal; Métivier, Jeanne; Tresa, Enxhi; Iunius, Lory; Xu, Ankai |
| Abstract: | In this paper we explore the impact of decarbonization on international trade and development employing a recursive dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE). We develop three long run stylized climate change scenarios: (i) Global Inaction (GI); (ii) Divided World (DW); and (iii) Cooperation towards Net Zero (CNZ). The CNZ scenario encompasses comprehensive measures resulting in a significant reduction in emissions to approximately 10 billion tons by 2050, contrasting with escalating emissions under GI and stagnation under DW. The analysis shows that the share of energy trade in total trade would fall substantially in CNZ, from 11% to 3%. Furthermore, the share of energy exported falls drastically since electricity is less tradable than fossil fuels. Exports of fossil fuel dependent countries will shift from fossil fuels to emission intensive trade exposed sectors and sophisticated manufacturing. |
| Keywords: | decarbonisation policies, net zero, energy trade, diversification |
| JEL: | F13 F18 F64 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:330671 |
| By: | Fourné, Marius |
| Abstract: | Climate policies do not operate in isolation but propagate through global production networks, affecting industries beyond national borders. This paper combines international input-output data with a granular instrumental variable approach to capture how foreign regulations transmit through upstream and downstream linkages. Distinguishing between market-based policies, non-market regulations, and technology support, the analysis shows that foreign climate policies can enhance domestic productivity, with effects shaped by industry characteristics and operating through technological adjustment along supply chains. The results underscore the importance of accounting for international spillovers when evaluating the economic impact of environmental regulation. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, environmental regulations, global value chains, green innovation, international trade, productivity |
| JEL: | F18 L16 O44 Q37 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:330918 |
| By: | Manuel C. Kathan (University of Augsburg); Raphaela Roeder (University of Augsburg); Sebastian Utz (University of Augsburg); Martin Nerlinger (University of St. Gallen - School of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | We examine how changes in competition affect firms’ carbon performance. Exploiting reductions in import tariffs as a quasi-natural experiment that increases competitive pressure, we find that stronger competition improves firms’ carbon efficiency through lower Scope 1 and 2 emission intensities. These results remain robust to alternative specifications, heterogeneous treatment effects, and placebo tests. Mechanism analyses indicate systematic differences in firms’ strategic responses. High-emission firms tend to adopt visible environmental actions and reallocate resources toward intangible assets, whereas low-emission firms increase investment and financing activities. Overall, our results highlight competition as a determinant of corporate decarbonization, suggesting that market forces can complement regulatory approaches to improving firms’ environmental performance. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Emissions, Environmental Performance, Sustainability, Competition, Import Tariffs, Quasi-Natural Experiment |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2588 |
| By: | Ishwar Khatri; Phuong Bui; Are Oust; Ole Jakob Sønstebø |
| Abstract: | The real estate sector can play a crucial role in the carbon transition due to its substantial contribution to energy consumption and carbon emissions. The number of environmentally certified residential and commercial properties is on the rise, and previous studies have shown that such certifications are associated with price and rental premiums. However, research on capital market dynamics in real estate remains limited. This study focuses on environmental certifications within REITs and explores their relationship with debt financing. Specifically, we examine the cost of debt, leverage ratio, and debt structure among REITs worldwide. Our sample includes over 300 REITs from 20 countries, spanning the period from 2002 to 2022. The study proposes several hypotheses. First, it posits a negative association between environmental certification and cost of debt financing. Second, we hypothesis that the relevance of environmental certification to real estate sector is crucial to have lower debt costs. Third, there is a negative association between environmental certification and leverage ratio. Fourth, environmental certification affects the debt structure of REITs. Fifth, the association between environmental certification and cost of debt financing is moderated by the climate risk level at the country level. The examination using pooled regression and propensity score matched sample provides some evidence supporting proposed hypotheses. First, the findings indicate a negative association between environmental certifications and the cost of debt financing. Second, we find that REITs’ general environmental management systems (ISO certification) is insignificant to cost of debt indicating that environmental certification specific to the real estate sector matters. Third, we find insignificant relationship between environmental certification and leverage. Fourth, the analysis shows that environmental certifications are positively correlated with the use of unsecured debt and fixed-rate debt, suggesting the financial flexibility and reduced interest rate risk of debt. Finally, we find that climate risk level positively moderates the relationship between environmental certification and debt costs. |
| Keywords: | Debt financing; debt structure; Environmental certification; REITs |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_133 |
| By: | Wijaya, Oki; Man, Norsida; Nawi, Nolila Mohd |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373404 |
| By: | Knapp, Edward; Garvey, John; Frewer, Lynn J. |
| Abstract: | Optimising the balance between the ecosystem services provided by agriculture and those provided by forestry has been a challenge for stakeholders and policymakers across Europe. While afforestation supports several ecosystem services, existing market structures and government policies have failed to effectively support afforestation. To overcome this challenge, novel financial instruments are needed to compensate for the opportunity cost of transitioning land from agriculture to forestry. This study leverages expert knowledge via a Delphi survey to identify effective financial mechanisms for the promotion of native afforestation which go beyond the existing government forestry subsidy programs. The results of this study suggest that land-use stakeholders recognise the local and national environmental benefits of native afforestation, while also understanding the economic and financial challenges which currently hamper native forestry growth. These results identify a need for novel financial supports to make the land-use transition to native forestry financially feasible and economically attractive to landowners over the long term. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355326 |
| By: | Heinz, Julia; Eck, Katharina; Speck, Melanie |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364742 |
| By: | Danza, Facundo |
| Abstract: | The agricultural sector is the primary water consumer in the US. Groundwater is one of its main sources, with 65% of irrigated farmland relying on groundwater for their water supply. Groundwater use presents a common pool problem: if a farmer pumps groundwater, she decreases the aquifer’s water table and thus increases the cost of pumping for farmers in the same aquifer. Studying such a problem is challenging due to a lack of markets and data on groundwater use. In this paper, I leverage detailed farmer-level data on (ground)water use, crop choices, and crop yields to study the equilibrium implications of the current groundwater costs. I focus on the Ogallala Aquifer in Nebraska. In order to estimate the effect of water costs on water use and crop choices, I combine a crop-growth model with an economic model. I use the cropgrowth model to recover the precise relation between water use and crop yields. I use the economic model to estimate the marginal cost of water for farmers. I then quantify how farmers respond to water costs by switching which crop they plant or changing the water use per planted crop. I find that farmers are inelastic to water costs: a 10% increase in the water cost would decrease water use by 3%. Moreover, I find that farmers adapt to higher water costs by both reducing the water use per planted crop and fallowing the land. Lastly, I utilize my estimates to compute the optimal and sustainable tax on groundwater use. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355327 |
| By: | Noviana, Rosita; Fathin, Safira; Pratiwi, Chairani Putri; Leonita, Lily |
| Keywords: | Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373405 |
| By: | Subhadarsini Parida; Cida Ghosn; Christhina Candido |
| Abstract: | Social capital is a growing factor in green bond pricing (Chen et al., 2024) where community support and societal trust can influence bond premiums, making green bonds more attractive financially. The 'green premium' can be seen as a manifestation of social capital, where investors are motivated not only by financial returns but also by the social and environmental impacts of their investments (MacAskill et al., 2021). As investor sentiment is often shaped by social capital (Piñeiro-Chousa et al., 2021), communities with strong social networks may foster a more favourable view of green investments. However, there remains a notable gap in the literature regarding the direct application of social capital to the green bond market within the context of the real estate and construction sectors. There is a lack of empirical research that explicitly connects social capital to the green bond market within the real estate and construction sectors. It is important to understand the financial aspects of green building projects, suggesting that social networks can play a pivotal role in overcoming financial barriers (Agyekum et al., 2022). Therefore, this paper investigates how social capital metrics—like community trust, corporate social responsibility (CSR) perception, and stakeholder engagement—impact green bond financing success in real estate and construction. It is based on the stakeholder theory, the collaboration among stakeholders, including building owners, investors, and local communities to address a gap in understanding the non-financial factors influencing green bond viability. This study will employ semi-structured interviews from corporate C suites, and developers to understand the measurable social benefits and value proposition to clients and investors when green bonds and/or green investment have been used. Additionally, the study aims to develop a framework for integrating social capital metrics into green bond assessments, providing investors with a more holistic view of sustainability projects. This research offers significant contributions for stakeholders in the real estate and construction sectors, particularly corporate executives, developers, and investors focused on green bond funding for sustainable projects. By integrating social capital metrics into project evaluations, the study advances understanding of how corporate leaders and developers can leverage these insights by integrating social capital elements to make projects more attractive to investors by reducing risk perceptions and boosting investor sentiment. Further, by valuing social capital metrics, investors gain insights from this study into a project’s long-term stability, supporting a shift in investment focus from purely financial gains to broader environmental and social impacts. References Agyekum, K., Goodier, C., & Oppon, J. A. (2022). Key drivers for green building project financing in Ghana. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 29(8), 3023-3050. Chen, H., Meng, Y., Ning, X., & Qi, Y. (2024). The pricing of green bonds: Does social capital matter? Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters, 67, 105756. MacAskill, S., Roca, E., Liu, B., Stewart, R. A., & Sahin, O. (2021). Is there a green premium in the green bond market? Systematic literature review revealing premium determinants. Journal of cleaner production, 280, 124491. Piñeiro-Chousa, J., López-Cabarcos, M. Á., Caby, J., & Ševi, A. (2021). The influence of investor sentiment on the green bond market. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162, 120351. |
| Keywords: | Esg; Green Bonds; Social Capital |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_32 |
| By: | Wendling, Lioba; Aftab, Ashar; Reaney, Sim; Cummings, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the cost-effectiveness of agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution control policies through a biophysical-economic model for the Eden catchment (N-W England). In the context of current UK agricultural reforms and recent technological progress in agricultural technology, policy recommendations are drawn from a purpose-built biophysical-economic model covering six key NPS pollutants (nitrogen and phosphorus to both the river and groundwater, sediment, and carbon emissions). The model is characterised by a novel level of biophysical detail in the literature, including six farm types, six livestock types, 10 hydrological connectivity levels, five soil types, four slope types, 45 years of observed weather data, and 25 crops selected from 24 crop rotations. Incentive-based fertiliser input taxes are found to be the most cost-effective policy mechanism. Notably, the presented results confirm previous findings in the literature of inelastic fertiliser demand. Consequently, high levels of taxation are required to achieve NPS pollution abatement. The novel assessment of Precision Agricutlure (PA) in the context of a catchment-scale biophysical-economic model highlights the synergies in necessary preconditions for PA and spatial targeting to be cost-effective. Policymakers should ensure sufficient heterogeneity in biophysical characteristics and land cover to safeguard successful spatial targeting and PA. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355334 |
| By: | Leonard Missbach; Jan Christoph Steckel |
| Abstract: | We analyze the horizontal and vertical distributional impacts of climate policy by examining heterogeneity in households’ carbon intensity of consumption. We construct a novel dataset that includes information on the carbon intensity of 1.5 million individual households from 88 countries. First, we show that horizontal differences are generally larger than vertical differences. Then, we use supervised machine learning to analyze the non-linear contribution of household characteristics to the prediction of carbon intensity of consumption. Household income, proxied by total household expenditures, is usually an insufficient predictor for the additional costs of carbon pricing. Including household-level information beyond household income increases the accuracy of prediction. We identify six clusters of countries that differ in the distribution of climate policy costs and their determinants. Our results highlight that, depending on the context, some compensation policies may be more effective in reducing horizontal heterogeneity than others. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, distributional effects, inequality, transfers |
| JEL: | C38 C55 D30 H23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12258 |
| By: | Francisco-Cruz, Carlos Alberto; Buckley, Dr. Cathal; Breen, Dr. James |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to estimate the capacity to substitute concentrate feed for home-produced feed by adopting two specific mitigation strategies to reduce Nitrous Oxide (N2O) emissions in the agriculture sector: (i) Low Emissions Slurry Spreading (LESS) and (ii) applying protected urea instead of CAN fertiliser. A translog cost function is estimated to obtain the price and cross-price elasticities of demand for concentrate and home-produced feed. To achieve our aim, we use the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) from 2014 to 2021, which contains detailed information on agricultural activity. Furthermore, farms are categorised into four groups based on their environmental characteristics to show how environmental conditions influence farmers' decision-making processes. Our results show a marginal change in the purchase of concentrates due to adopting the two mitigation measures analysed, which is reflected in an increase in cross-price elasticity. However, these results are conditioned to the biophysical conditions of the farm soils. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355320 |
| By: | Gruener, Sven; Mußhoff, Oliver |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the findings of a worldwide survey of 1, 510 researchers on climate change. It reports behavioral patterns seen as relevant to climate change adaptation and mitigation, and highlights that researchers’ diverse backgrounds partly explain differing perceptions, indicating the potential of intersectional collaboration in academia to address climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uzycj_v1 |
| By: | Karen Davtyan (Departament of Applied Economics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain); Adel R. Kalozdi (Departament of Applied Economics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of climate- and energy-related (green) communication by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the performance of renewable and fossil-based energy sectors. Using a sentence-embedding natural language processing method, we identify 247 ECB speeches from 2015 to 2024 that explicitly reference both climate and energy themes, categorize them, and compute a green score for each. The analysis reveals prominent topics of climate and financial risk, and monetary policy and economic conditions, along with consistently positive and trust-related emotional cues. We then use high-frequency identification to estimate the effect of ECB green speeches on the return differential between the green and the brown energy sectors. The results show that such ECB communication positively and significantly affects sectoral relative returns, highlighting the communicative role of the ECB in influencing the relative performance of green and brown energy sectors. The results remain robust across a series of sensitivity analyses. The effect does not change significantly with respect to the outbreak of the Russian–Ukrainian war or the ECB communication topics. |
| Keywords: | central bank communication, ECB green speeches, text analysis, high-frequency identification, energy sectors |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea2515 |
| By: | Nthambi, Mary; Simpson, Katherine; Bradfer-Lawrence, Tom; Dobson, Andrew; Finch, Tom; Fuentes-Montemayor, Elisa; Hanley, Nick; Park, Kirsty; Watts, Kevin |
| Abstract: | This paper models the effects of economic incentives on woodland planting on UK farmland, and the spatially-varying impacts on three avian species. The economic model uses an agent-based approach: “farmers” in each parcel compare economic returns from keeping their current agricultural land use with the economic incentive for woodland planting. An ecological model then predicts the effects of both parcel-level and local landscape-level woodland cover on species distributions. We compare results from two case study areas, which vary in terms of the spatial correlation of opportunity costs and ecological potential. As the per-hectare value of this subsidy is increased, the values of our biodiversity indicator increase, but at rates which vary by case study region and by species. Cost-effectiveness of the economic instrument varies according to the sign of the spatial correlation between opportunity costs and ecological potential. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355340 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | For small island developing States (SIDS), sustainable development is a delicate balance of pursuing economic growth, social development and environmental stewardship in the context of economic volatility, social challenges, climate change threats and global uncertainties while striving to build resilience. Recognized as a special case for development since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, SIDS remain highly vulnerable to external shocks due to their small economies, limited connectivity and reliance on external markets. Over the years, global frameworks such as the Barbados Programme of Action (1994), the Mauritius Strategy for Implementation (2005) and the SIDS Accelerated Modalities of Action (SAMOA) Pathway (2014–2024) have helped shape SIDS development priorities. However, traditional challenges remain, including those related to climate change, sea level rise and unsustainable levels of public debt, while new threats, such as pandemics and a new regime of protectionism in international trade and migration, continue to shape the development of SIDS. Building on past efforts to promote sustainable development in SIDS, the Antigua and Barbuda Agenda for Small Island Developing States (ABAS) was adopted at the fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing States in May 2024 by the Heads of State and Government and high-level representatives of the United Nations Member States. This ten-year plan (2024–2034) prioritizes economic resilience, social wellbeing and equity, environmental sustainability and access to financing, while aligning with global frameworks such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (United Nations, 2024). A core component of the Antigua and Barbuda Agenda is the call to establish a systematic monitoring and evaluation (M&E) framework, which builds on the Samoa Pathway’s monitoring system and aligns with SDG targets and indicators. This framework envisages biennial regional reviews and progress reports to support policymaking and strengthening of implementation accountability. |
| Date: | 2025–09–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col095:82449 |
| By: | Waag, Isatu |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364761 |
| By: | Cristina Bellés-Obrero (Institute for Economic Analysis (CSIC), BSE, IEB & IZA); Giulia Montresor (University of Verona); Catia Nicodemo (Brunel University of London & University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the causal effects of extreme temperatures and a related adaptation policy on workplace accidents in Spain, combining administrative records on occupational accidents with high-resolution weather data. Both cold and heat raise the incidence of work accidents, though with different magnitudes:ice days (maximum temperatures |
| Keywords: | Temperature, workplace accidents, adaptation policy, climate change |
| JEL: | I1 J28 J81 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2025-12 |
| By: | Mr. Marco Gross; Mr. Jinhyuk Yoo; Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; Mr. Salim Dehmej; Zulma Barrail; Hannah Sheldon |
| Abstract: | We present the ENV-FIBA macro-micro model framework that can be used to analyze the climate-macro-financial consequences of climate scenarios and related policy counterfactuals. The model consists of a multi-country Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) core and a connected micro simulation module for an economy’s individual nonfinancial firms and banks. The climate-macro-financial scenario simulations are anchored in future temperature and emission pathways, alongside policy assumptions regarding carbon taxation, fiscal revenue recycling and reinvestment, optional carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and others. We illustrate the use of the model for Japan. We emphasize, exemplify with the model, and recommend in general: (1) that physical and transition risk effects be modeled jointly to a maximal extent (given their intertwined nature); (2) that it is important to consider bank balance sheets that are dynamic (not static), to capture the differential growth of emmission intensive industries that may shrink, opposed to those that may flourish; and (3) related to the latter, that such dynamically evolving lending has primary impacts on bank solvency via interest income, along with quantitatively often smaller impacts through loan losses from borrower defaults. |
| Keywords: | Climate risk analysis; CGE modeling; micro-macro simulations |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/230 |
| By: | Laura Archer-Svoboda; Tomasz Orpiszewski; Mark Thompson; Martin Schnauss |
| Abstract: | Swiss real estate funds face growing pressure to reduce carbon emissions and achieve Switzerland’s ambitious net-zero target by 2050. Meeting this goal requires energy-efficient buildings and a transition away from fossil fuel-based heating systems. Understanding the current energetic state of these buildings is essential to align with climate commitments. This study introduces a systematic approach to quantifying climate-driven obsolescence within the building portfolios of Swiss real estate funds, providing a foundation for assessing the resources necessary to transition to an energy-efficient, low-carbon future. Leveraging a unique dataset from over 9, 000 buildings across 40 funds listed in the SXI Broad Real Estate Index, we develop a methodology to evaluate obsolescence using thermal transmittance (U-values) of building components and heating system types. Using a weighted multivariate logistic function, buildings are categorized along a spectrum from “highly efficient” to “obsolete.” The ratings are consolidated at the fund level, enabling better comparability of the state of the building stock across funds. The findings reveal that the median age of buildings in Swiss REFs exceeds 40 years, indicating that a significant portion of the stock is entering the stage where energetic refurbishments are required. Energy inefficiencies are widespread: 85% of walls exceed permissible U-value thresholds, and over 70% of buildings rely on fossil fuel heating systems—significantly higher than the national residential average. Renovation rates remain below 1%, raising critical concerns about the feasibility of achieving net-zero goals. Geographic disparities exacerbate these challenges, with cantons such as Geneva and Vaud exhibiting disproportionately high reliance on oil heating. This research highlights the urgent need for targeted policy interventions and increased renovation activity to decarbonize the sector. The proposed methodology equips fund managers and policymakers with tools to benchmark energy performance, prioritize renovations, and strategically align portfolios with Switzerland’s net-zero objectives. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency; Net-Zero Emissions; Obsolescence; Real Estate Funds |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_174 |
| By: | Barreto, Yuri (Bocconi University); Britto, Diogo (University of Milan Bicocca); Carrillo, Bladimir (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco); Da Mata, Daniel (São Paulo School of Economics-FGV); Emanuel, Lucas (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco); Sampaio, Breno (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco) |
| Abstract: | Worsening climatic conditions and water scarcity pose major threats to rural livelihoods and to the economic development of arid regions. This paper evaluates a large-scale, low-cost climate adaptation program that built one million rain-fed water storage cisterns in Brazil’s poorest and most drought-prone areas. Using novel individual-level administrative data and a difference-in-differences design, we show that the program substantially improved both economic and health outcomes, benefiting adults and children alike. Within ten years, household dependency on cash transfers fell by up to 34%, while formal labor income increased by 20%. Hospitalizations due to waterborne diseases declined by 16% among adults and 37% among children, and compliance with cash transfer conditionalities on child health and education improved. Additional evidence suggests that these gains were driven by a relaxation of time constraints: cisterns markedly reduced the time burden of water collection, enabling beneficiaries to allocate more time to productive activities. A cost-benefit analysis indicates a high marginal value of public funds relative to a broad range of public policies. |
| Keywords: | water, cisterns, labor market, climate adaptation, health |
| JEL: | Q54 Q25 Q58 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18250 |
| By: | Kilcline, Kevin; Hynes, Stephen; O’Donoghue, Cathal |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355331 |
| By: | Pallauf, M.; Kmoch, L. M. |
| Abstract: | European grassland-based cattle farms (GBCF) are facing increasing pressures from climate change, biodiversity loss, and economic uncertainty. Agroforestry practices, such as establishing silvopastoral systems, offer potential to strengthen the resilience of these farms. However, the enablers and barriers to adopting silvopasture on European dairy and beef GBCF remain under-researched. This study addresses this gap by appraising how perceived opportunities and risks, together with policy and structural conditions, shape farmers’ adoption decisions in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 2023–2027 reforms in Germany. Using the multi-level perspective framework and drawing on ten semi-structured expert interviews and a survey of 187 farms that graze cattle, we find that macro-level pressures are increasing farmers’ willingness to adopt innovations under uncertainty. Our results further suggest that silvopasture adoption under the new CAP scheme is driven by a mix of economic and intrinsic motivations, particularly among farms that graze cattle. Key adoption barriers include high management complexity, long time horizons until direct financial returns from trees materialize, knowledge deficits, and policy distrust. By highlighting how the agroforestry diffusion process and farmers’ decision-making are embedded in broader socio-technical and policy contexts, this study advances the applied sustainability transitions literature and contributes to a deeper understanding of silvopasture adoption mechanisms in Europe. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gagfdp:373423 |
| By: | Azlan, Siti Hadhirah; Ahmed, Osumanu Haruna; Liew, Kathereen |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373411 |
| By: | Pammit, Maria Cristina P.; Reyes, Julieta A. Delos |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373375 |
| By: | Büyüközkan, Gülçin; Uztürk, Deniz |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the alignment between the expected benefits of Digital Twins (DTs), as derived from existing literature, and the actual outcomes in achieving Circular Economy (CE) targets for defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in urban agriculture. Two research questions guide this inquiry: 1) To what extent do the benefits of Digital Twins (DTs) align with the targeted outcomes for achieving Circular Economy (CE) goals as defined by specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of Indoor Vertical Farming (IVF)? 2)What strategies can be implemented to optimize the use of DTs in IVF systems to maximize their contribution to CE principles? A methodology integrating the Quality Function Deployment’s (QFD) House of Quality (HoQ) framework with the 2-Tuple Linguistic (2TL) model is proposed to address these questions, offering a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets. The study involves a case study approach with five experts, including academic researchers and modern urban farmers, who evaluate the relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets using linguistic sets tailored to their expertise. The results reveal strong relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets, particularly emphasizing the importance of optimization and automation for enhancing CE in IVF. The findings underscore the pivotal role of DT in driving sustainability and efficiency in agricultural practices, offering valuable insights for future research and practical applications aimed at advancing CE in the agri-food industry. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:374789 |
| By: | Büyüközkan, Gülçin; Uztürk, Deniz |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the alignment between the expected benefits of Digital Twins (DTs), as derived from existing literature, and the actual outcomes in achieving Circular Economy (CE) targets for defined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in urban agriculture. Two research questions guide this inquiry: 1) To what extent do the benefits of Digital Twins (DTs) align with the targeted outcomes for achieving Circular Economy (CE) goals as defined by specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the context of Indoor Vertical Farming (IVF)? 2)What strategies can be implemented to optimize the use of DTs in IVF systems to maximize their contribution to CE principles? A methodology integrating the Quality Function Deployment’s (QFD) House of Quality (HoQ) framework with the 2-Tuple Linguistic (2TL) model is proposed to address these questions, offering a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets. The study involves a case study approach with five experts, including academic researchers and modern urban farmers, who evaluate the relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets using linguistic sets tailored to their expertise. The results reveal strong relationships between DT benefits and CE-related SDG targets, particularly emphasizing the importance of optimization and automation for enhancing CE in IVF. The findings underscore the pivotal role of DT in driving sustainability and efficiency in agricultural practices, offering valuable insights for future research and practical applications aimed at advancing CE in the agri-food industry. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:374789 |
| By: | Yongyang Cai |
| Abstract: | Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) are pivotal tools that synthesize knowledge from climate science, economics, and policy to evaluate the interactions between human activities and the climate system. They serve as essential instruments for policymakers, providing insights into the potential outcomes of various climate policies and strategies. Given the complexity and inherent uncertainties in both the climate system and socio-economic processes, understanding and effectively managing uncertainty within IAMs is crucial for robust climate policy development. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how IAMs handle uncertainty, highlighting recent methodological advancements and their implications for climate policy. I examine the types of uncertainties present in IAMs, discuss various modeling approaches to address these uncertainties, and explore recent developments in the field, including the incorporation of advanced computational methods. |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.00378 |
| By: | Sweta Byahut; Jay Mittal |
| Abstract: | Planners are increasingly concerned with the public health impacts of extreme heat. Many Indian cities and states are implementing Heat Actions Plans (HAP). Ahmedabad city in Gujarat state in western India is one of the hottest cities with a daily maximum temperature of 113oF from March-May. Following an intensely hot May in 2010 that resulted in the excess deaths of 1344 people, the city adopted a HAP in 2013, making it the first South Asian city to comprehensively address heat health threats, effectively manage heat stress, and reduce heat related mortality. Following Ahmedabad’s successes, at least a dozen Indian cities and several states have adopted HAP or are in the process of doing so. This study analyzes the first few Heat Actions Plans of Indian cities that are publicly available. The initial plan evaluation criteria are based on the ""National Guidelines for Preparation of Heat Action Plans – Prevention and Management of Heatwaves"" by the National Disaster Management Authority of India (NDMA). The plans evaluated in this study include Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Vadodara, and Surat (all from Gujarat state), Chennai, Bhubaneshwar, Hazaribagh, Delhi, Gorakhpur, Jodhpur, and others. Preliminary analysis indicates that the HAPs are action oriented, focusing on preparedness at the local level for dealing with heat-related health eventualities. They emphasize reducing the negative health impact of extreme heat by health care system capacity building. This includes training local health professionals to enable them to recognize and treat heat related illnesses (heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat/sun stroke, heat rash, etc.). Plans focus on establishing early warning and alerts systems and emphasize public awareness and community outreach programs with multi-pronged communications campaigns for communicating the health risks of heat waves (hoardings/billboards, print advertisements, pamphlets, text messages, etc.). Only a few plans identify cool roofs as a cooling strategy and their widespread adoption in HAPs is lacking. India’s NDMA identifies cool roofs as a cost-effective mitigation strategy to reduce heat stress and provides guidance on their implementation. Plans range from 19 pages (Hazaribagh) to 115 pages (Bhubaneshwar). Most plans do not include information on climate change related heat impacts or the effects of urban heat island on human health and well-being. Many plans also do not include community assessment or identify vulnerable and higher risk populations population groups such as low-income and slum communities, elderly and children, laborers, and informal sector workers. In general, plans do not address social and spatial inequities. Public health departments are at the forefront of heat action planning efforts. Some plans include an inter-agency response plan and coordination in field, but opportunities exist for improving collaboration between municipal public health and planning departments, and to better connect planners and mainstream planning processes (development/master plans, neighborhood plans) to HAPs. Wider collaboration could include public institutions, private entities, NGOs, and civil society. Most plans do not include urban planning or built environment strategies, indicating opportunities for municipal planners to meaningfully incorporate low-cost strategies for urban cooling through vegetation, green infrastructure, land use, development regulations, cool roofs, and building codes. Cities lack feedback systems for assessing impact or reviewing and updating plans on a regular basis. Plan implementation also needs to be monitored to better understand their overall impact. In the next stage, this study will be expanded to include additional Indian cities and semi-structured interviews will be conducted with policy makers, public health professionals, planners, and local experts involved in planning and implementation of HAPs to better understand the processes, local capacity and constraints, and inter-agency collaborative efforts. |
| Keywords: | Climate adaptation; Heat Action Plans; Indian cities |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_31 |
| By: | Ardelia L. Amardana (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice); Diana Barro (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice); Marco Corazza (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice) |
| Abstract: | Sustainability in financial markets has gained attention. This study addresses it by enhancing portfolio optimization through as additional inputs alongside price data that can improve stock return prediction. Using LSTM models with RMSProp optimizer performs best in consistency of minimizing prediction errors and given the ability to capture complex pattern between price, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental scores (E-Scores). This study uses data from the EURO STOXX 50 between 2016 and 2022, focusing on out-of-sample weekly return predictions in 2022. Four model setups are tested: price-only, and price combined with GHG, E-score, or both. Our findings show that incorporating the E-Score improves price and return predictions in several sectors, whereas some sectors show limited benefit, indicating sustainability information may already be priced in. Additionally, in portfolio optimization shows that models including E-Score gives better performance across different holding periods by setting more effective weightings and aligning closely with our benchmark. This results provides further evidence in the following year 2023 and EURO STOXX 50 ESG performance. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Indicators; Long Short Term Memory; Return Prediction; Portfolio Optimization |
| JEL: | C45 C53 C63 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2025:25 |
| By: | Yannick Schmidt; Sven Bienert |
| Abstract: | We present a comprehensive benchmark study on embodied carbon emissions associated with (energetic) retrofits during the use phase of multi-family housing in the German residential market, conducted in response to Scope 3 accounting requirements under CSRD/ESRS. The introduction of these reporting obligations has left many companies struggling to meet the new standards, particularly when addressing the Scope 3 emissions within their operations. Despite these requirements, benchmarks to assess the carbon intensity of retrofit actions—whether for investors or construction companies—have been largely absent. This study establishes a benchmark for Scope 3 emissions from retrofits of varying scales. It draws on data from large German housing companies, collectively representing over 1.2 million rental units. The analyzed sample includes approximately 130 datasets of completed maintenance and modernization projects from nine housing companies. The dataset spans a wide range of building types and construction age classes, ensuring the results are representative and applicable to the broader German housing market. Retrofits are categorized into five clusters, ranging from basic maintenance tasks (e.g., refurbishing vacant units) to comprehensive energy-efficiency upgrades (e.g., façade insulation, heating system replacements). Each cluster accounts for the embodied carbon emissions of various products and processes, enabling a detailed assessment of emission contributions and the development of reliable benchmarks. To standardize data collection, a purpose-built recording sheet was developed for documenting measures and materials. Life cycle phases A1 to A3 (“Cradle to Gate”) were analyzed to quantify total upfront carbon emissions, with phases A4 and A5 extrapolated using empirical data from specific measures and products. This research provides actionable insights for housing companies to enhance their Scope 3 carbon accounting. It also supports the development of effective strategies to reduce embodied emissions associated with property modernization projects, offering a critical tool for achieving compliance and driving sustainability in the housing sector. |
| Keywords: | benchmarking; Embodied Carbon; Esg; reporting |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_35 |
| By: | Aguiar, Felipe; Lapple, Doris; Buckley, Cathal |
| Abstract: | A key measure to reduce chemical fertilizer application, and thereby mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, is the introduction of clover into grazing grass. However, adoption of this measure remains low. In this context, information and expectations can influence adoption decisions around clover. So far, there is little evidence of how farmers update their expectations in response to information. In this study, we used an information experiment to assess how providing information affects farmers’ expectations about clover, and how this in turn influences subsequent attitudes. We collected data from over 300 dairy farmers in Ireland, which were randomly assigned into two information treatment groups and one active control group. While both treatments provided information about the reduction in chemical fertilizer associated with adoption, each treatment framed the information differently. To elicit farmers’ expectations, we combined qualitative open-ended questions and quantitative point estimates. As for the subsequent attitudes, we elicited farmers’ intentions and willingness to accept (WTA) clover adoption. We estimated treatment effects by employing a two-stage least squares regression. To examine responses from the open-ended questions, we used three text analysis methods: wordclouds, keyness, and topic analyses. We document that farmers have biased expectations about clover adoption. They underestimate the reduction of chemical fertilizer that is possible with adoption, and we provide causal evidence that information reduces misperceptions by up to 19%. Yet, through the text analysis, we discover that information increases the likelihood of having not only a positive change, but also a negative change in opinions around clover adoption. Lastly, there was no meaningful impact of the updated expectations on intentions and WTA, which underlines the complexity of adoption decisions. Nonetheless, our findings are relevant to help construct accurate expectations that can facilitate more widespread adoption of clover. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355328 |
| By: | Thalmann, Sören; Aurbacher, Joachim |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364730 |
| By: | Collins, Rebecca; Mancini, Mattia; Bateman, Ian; Bull, Joseph W.; Duffus, Natalie; Groom, Ben; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Smith, Robert J.; zu Ermgassen, Sophus; Eigenbrod, Felix |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity offsetting has emerged as an increasingly popular policy tool aiming to ensure that housing development associated with urban expansion can benefit nature. Offsets compensate for biodiversity losses from development by creating, restoring, or enhancing habitats, aiming to achieve either no net loss or a net gain in biodiversity. The effectiveness of this approach depends not only on the quantity and condition of the offsets but also on their spatial placement, which can be either on the development site or elsewhere. We present a spatially explicit modelling framework designed to explore how offset location affects biodiversity outcomes and ecosystem service co-benefits at the regional scale - the scale at which infrastructure planning decisions are generally made - using an English region (Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire) undergoing significant housing growth as a case study. Findings reveal that closest proximity-driven offsetting underperforms in terms of biodiversity outcomes (species richness) and opportunity costs of agriculture. In contrast, regional prioritisation aligned with strategically planned conservation networks (i.e., regional Nature Recovery Networks), delivers the greatest increase in species richness (12%) and lower opportunity costs. In separate scenarios, restricting offsets to administrative planning boundaries yielded even lower opportunity costs and higher values for co-benefits (carbon sequestration and flood damage avoided costs), although this restriction resulted in a smaller percentage increase in species richness. These results demonstrate the value of strategic planning in guiding biodiversity offsetting implementation and highlight the potential for Nature Recovery Networks or similar conservation networks to enhance biodiversity outcomes at the regional scale. |
| Date: | 2025–11–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:wh4ra_v1 |
| By: | Korolija, Aleksandar |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the concept of extractive imperialism through the lens of the experiences in the “Lithium Triangle.” Extractive imperialism represents a contemporary iteration of historical colonial practices, characterised by the exploitation of natural resources by transnational corporations in underdeveloped countries, frequently resulting in socio-environmental conflicts. This work concentrates on the Lithium Triangle in South America, comprising Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia, where extensive lithium deposits have attracted considerable foreign investment. The analysis demonstrates how the interplay between global capital and national governments frequently results in the marginalisation of local communities, thereby exacerbating social tensions and environmental degradation. The work elucidates the contrasting definitions of extractivism and neo-extractivism, underscoring the persistent exploitation and centralisation of wealth. By focusing on the socio-political dynamics and ownership structures in these regions, the paper emphasises the necessity for sustainable and equitable resource management practices. The work contributes to a broader understanding of extractive practices in the Global South, advocating for policies that prioritise the rights and livelihoods of indigenous populations and local communities over transnational corporate interests. |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ksf8v_v1 |
| By: | Jakob Kozak; Hannah Salzberger; Wolfgang Schäfers |
| Abstract: | Physical climate risks pose a threat to real estate values around the world. The rising frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and floods, have led to an increased vulnerability of the property sector to physical climate risks. While insurance currently serves as a safeguard against certain risks, the advent of climate change may result in elevated premiums, more rigorous underwriting standards, and potential uninsurability in high-risk regions. This study aims to examine whether physical climate risks at the property level are reflected in the equity returns and bond risk premia of U.S. REITs. Central to the analysis is the use of physical climate risk scores. First, we obtain data on REIT asset coordinates and other property information from S&P Capital IQ Pro. Second, the data on REIT portfolios is imported into climate risk tools to obtain asset-level climate risk scores for each hazard. These physical climate risk assessment tools are used in the real estate industry by institutional investors and reinsurance companies. In addition, for robustness, we aim to use publicly available data on physical climate risk from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Moreover, control variables such as bond characteristics, macroeconomic indicators, equity market factors, and REIT balance sheet data are used to capture additional drivers of REIT equity returns and bond risk premia. The methods include cross-sectional OLS regression analysis on the one hand and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models, combined with the explainable AI method Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) on the other hand. The latter approach is used to decompose the variation in risk premia, thereby providing further insights into the influence of climate risks. This approach not only captures potential non-linear relationships but also serves to verify the robustness of the regression results. Furthermore, the study compares outcomes across REITs operating in different regions to assess whether geographic diversification mitigates the impact of climate risks on bond pricing. Additionally, the robustness of climate risk scores generated by different tools is evaluated to determine their reliability in financial decision-making. In conclusion, these findings contribute to the understanding of how market participants price physical climate risks and provide guidance for REIT managers in assessing the impact of climate risks on the cost of equity and public debt. |
| Keywords: | Bonds; Physical Climate Risk; real estate investment trust (REIT); Stocks |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_141 |
| By: | Koxha, Leona; O’Connor, Eileen; Alvi, Muzna; Chadha, Deepali; Ewell, Hanna; Gartaula, Hom Nath; Ketema, Dessalegn; Lutomia, Cosmas; Mukhopadhyay, Prama; Nchanji, Eileen; Puskur, Ranjitha; Rietveld, Anne M.; Sufian, Farha |
| Abstract: | Key messages • Measuring women’s empowerment in the context of climate change, resilience, and adaptation requires a flexible climate module—not a rigid, universal set of indicators. • Collective agency, community involvement, and social networks are critical to climate resilience. The project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI) should expand its climate module to better capture these community dynamics and collective actions. • Integrating qualitative methods strengthens pro-WEAI’s effectiveness and ensures the tool is tailored to local contexts, which is essential for collecting meaningful and holistic data. |
| Keywords: | women's empowerment; climate change; resilience; Ethiopia; Kenya; India; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–08–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:176145 |
| By: | Stefano Carattini; Fabian Dvorak; Ivana Logar; Begum Ozdemir-Oluk |
| Abstract: | Corporate social responsibility and the private provision of (global) public goods are of key interest to economists and policymakers. Over the last few years, many more private companies made their operations carbon neutral. It is an empirical question how consumers value carbon-neutral and low-carbon products, which we address as follows. First, we provide a meta-analysis of the literature. We analyze consumers’ demand for carbon-neutral and low-carbon products, based on an overall sample of 29, 666 participants. The focus is on average willingness to pay for carbon reductions as well as on the characteristics of the underlying literature, which is mainly based on stated preferences and controlled environments. Second, we leverage information on prices and product characteristics from one of the largest online marketplaces, Amazon’s. Using a hedonic approach, we infer from revealed preferences on consumers’ valuation of carbon- neutral products. The staggered process of carbon-neutral certification leads to a series of quasi-natural experiments, which we use for identification purposes. We find that the literature suggests a positive willingness to pay for carbon reductions that exceeds most estimates of the social cost of carbon. However, this finding is not supported by the hedonic analyses, where we do not find evidence that consumers value carbon neutrality. |
| Keywords: | corporate social responsibility, pro-social behavior, stated and revealed preferences, meta-analysis, hedonic analysis, carbon-neutral labels |
| JEL: | D12 D22 H41 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12232 |
| By: | Viet Nguyen-Tien |
| Abstract: | To what extent has the rise of clean energy technologies created new vulnerabilities in global supply chains? In this paper, I study the role of a new type of 'input uncertainty' associated with critical minerals that underpin the deployment of clean energy technologies. I combine firm-level performance data for publicly listed companies worldwide with textual information from quarterly earnings conference calls to construct text-based measures of technological involvement and mineral exposure. As a first result, my methodology is validated by the strong co-occurrence of clean energy technologies and critical mineral usage across transcripts. In a second result, I model the impact of critical mineral-related input uncertainty on firm performance which shows clear impacts for lithium and copper-related risks across different regions. Finally, I produce text-based evidence on how firms are mitigating supply chain risk, distinguishing between long-term process innovation and short-run operational measures. Overall, I find that new supply chain risks related to critical minerals are limited, most likely to the early stage of development of the sector. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, energy transition, risk, exposure, sentiment, circular economy, material substitution, Green Growth |
| Date: | 2025–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2133 |
| By: | Sylla Maldini; Andrée De Serres |
| Abstract: | This study aims to understand how real estate assets are integrated into general and global investment initiatives. Specifically, the goal is to better understand in which extent the general and global investment initiatives, excluding those dealing exclusively with real estate assets (CRREM, GRESB, etc.), adopted by large institutional investors address the theme of real estate investment with respect to the fight against climate change and the biodiversity protection. In the past years there has been a wave of reintegration of real estate investment subsidiaries into the core management of institutional investors (ex: Norge Bank Investment Management, Cadillac Fairview and Teacher’s, Ivanhoé Cambridge and the CDPQ, etc.). This trend has accelerated since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic and the underperformance of the real estate assets in the years following this worldwide event compared to other asset classes. In response to those difficult times, the strategy has been to have an in-house real estate platform within multi-asset-class investors in order to better control and manage the real estate assets with an integrated view. As multi-asset-class investors, institutional investors typically adopt or join initiatives that are designed to accommodate this broader investment approach. These initiatives are important because they help institutional investors navigate the poorly institutionalized and changing topics such as climate change and biodiversity protection. Moreover, those initiatives help define good or best practices that are commonly accepted by the investment industry as legitimate. They can affect a diversity of dimensions of their activity such as investment practices, disclosure practices, governance practices, risk management, etc. However, despite being multi-asset-class investors, real estate assets still represent a significant portion of institutional portfolios. According to the data of the PERE GLOBAL INVESTOR 100 ranking 2023, this percentage represents an average of 11.67 %. Due to the unique characteristics of real estate assets regarding their physical dimension, their heterogeneity, their illiquidity, their transaction costs and times as well as their maintenance costs, they cannot be treated like any other asset class. Given that institutional investors are increasingly bringing real estate activities in-house and holding a significant proportion of real estate in their portfolios, while also pursuing multi-asset-class initiatives, it is important to understand how these initiatives address both climate change and biodiversity protection regarding real estate assets. To achieve this, the study examines the integration of real estate assets within five major large-scale and diversified initiatives: 1) the United Nations Environment Programme – Finance Initiative (UNEP-FI), 2) the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI), 3) the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), 4) the Investor Leadership Network (ILN), and 5) the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI). This analysis provides insight into how knowledge and actions related to climate change and biodiversity protection at the real estate investment level are applied within mainstream investment frameworks. It also helps to identify which aspects of climate change and biodiversity protection are prioritized in real estate asset investment from a multi-asset-class perspective on a global scale. |
| Keywords: | Responsible investment practices; Risk Management; Sustainable Real Estate; Transnational initiatives |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_111 |
| By: | Mumbi, Anne; Vriesekoop, Frank; Pittson, Helen |
| Abstract: | Sustainable food production is critical for ensuring food security and environmental protection. The Pasture to Plate project investigates the potential of grass as a novel food source by developing technologies to extract essential ingredients such as oils, proteins, and vitamins. This study examines UK consumer perceptions of grass-derived ingredients and their willingness to include these in their diets. A survey of 990 participants, categorized as meat avoiders, reducers, and consumers, highlights key factors influencing acceptance, including age, dietary habits, perceived benefits, social influences, and personal attitudes. The study emphasizes the need for consumer education to enhance acceptance by informing the public about the nutritional value, safety, and sustainability of grass-based ingredients. Additionally, an environmental impact assessment of producing 1 kg of protein powder was conducted using SimaPro 9.1.0.11 software and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (E) methodology. This assessment examined impact categories such as human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, global warming, and more. To ensure accuracy, the next steps involve reconfirming mass balances, evaluating plant performance scenarios, conducting sensitivity analyses, and finalizing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These efforts aim to refine environmental impact data and support the adoption of grass derived. The findings show an overall openness from respondents to trying unfamiliar foods which could indicate that grass-derived ingredients could be well received in the market. However, the findings emphasise the importance of educating consumers regarding grass-based ingredients, their nutritional benefits and safety, to enhance consumer awareness and consumer confidence. Without this education grass-derived ingredients may struggle to gain a positive reaction in the human diet |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:374787 |
| By: | Mumbi, Anne; Vriesekoop, Frank; Pittson, Helen |
| Abstract: | Sustainable food production is critical for ensuring food security and environmental protection. The Pasture to Plate project investigates the potential of grass as a novel food source by developing technologies to extract essential ingredients such as oils, proteins, and vitamins. This study examines UK consumer perceptions of grass-derived ingredients and their willingness to include these in their diets. A survey of 990 participants, categorized as meat avoiders, reducers, and consumers, highlights key factors influencing acceptance, including age, dietary habits, perceived benefits, social influences, and personal attitudes. The study emphasizes the need for consumer education to enhance acceptance by informing the public about the nutritional value, safety, and sustainability of grass-based ingredients. Additionally, an environmental impact assessment of producing 1 kg of protein powder was conducted using SimaPro 9.1.0.11 software and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (E) methodology. This assessment examined impact categories such as human carcinogenic toxicity, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, global warming, and more. To ensure accuracy, the next steps involve reconfirming mass balances, evaluating plant performance scenarios, conducting sensitivity analyses, and finalizing the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These efforts aim to refine environmental impact data and support the adoption of grass derived. The findings show an overall openness from respondents to trying unfamiliar foods which could indicate that grass-derived ingredients could be well received in the market. However, the findings emphasise the importance of educating consumers regarding grass-based ingredients, their nutritional benefits and safety, to enhance consumer awareness and consumer confidence. Without this education grass-derived ingredients may struggle to gain a positive reaction in the human diet |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:374787 |
| By: | Pradit, Oraphan; Suebpongsang, Pornsiri; Limnirunkul, Budsara; Kitchaicharoen, Jirawan |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373376 |
| By: | Torres, Erwin E.; Vista, Arvin B.; Quicoy, Cesar B.; Carambas, Nora DM; Sanchez, Patricia Ann J. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373403 |
| By: | Cavalcanti, T.; Mohaddes, K.; Nian, H.; Yin, H. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the pass-through of environmental compliance costs along supply chains. We compile a firm-level dataset linking regulated firms in pollution-intensive industries with their top five clients and suppliers. We find that clients of regulated firms invest less in R&D, employ fewer skilled R&D staff, and produce fewer innovations than clients of less regulated firms, while no comparable effects are observed for suppliers. The pass-through is stronger with larger trade volumes, higher input prices faced by clients, and in markets where regulated firms hold greater market power or clients face intense competition. Policy simulations suggest that green technology incentives for regulated firms and R&D subsidies for their clients can mitigate these adverse effects and raise social welfare by enhancing both innovation and environmental quality. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Compliance, Supply Chains, Pass-Through, R&D, Innovation |
| JEL: | O30 Q01 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025–10–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2568 |
| By: | Cavalcanti, T.; Mohaddes, K.; Nian, H.; Yin, H. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the pass-through of environmental compliance costs along supply chains. We compile a firm-level dataset linking regulated firms in pollution-intensive industries with their top five clients and suppliers. We find that clients of regulated firms invest less in R&D, employ fewer skilled R&D staff, and produce fewer innovations than clients of less regulated firms, while no comparable effects are observed for suppliers. The pass-through is stronger with larger trade volumes, higher input prices faced by clients, and in markets where regulated firms hold greater market power or clients face intense competition. Policy simulations suggest that green technology incentives for regulated firms and R&D subsidies for their clients can mitigate these adverse effects and raise social welfare by enhancing both innovation and environmental quality. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Compliance, Supply Chains, Pass-Through, R&D, Innovation |
| JEL: | O30 Q01 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025–10–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camjip:2528 |
| By: | Adrián Santonja (German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), University of Potsdam & Berlin School of Economics); Laura Schmitz (German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)); Judit Vall (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB) |
| Abstract: | Even though one in four women worldwide has experienced violence from an intimate partner IPV) at least once in their lifetime, some of the factors driving it remain poorly understood. This study quantifies the impact of extreme temperatures on IPV seasonality, with a particular focus on its increase during the summer months. Using granular administrative data on IPV in Spain for the period 2006-2022, we find that extreme heat leads to a 6% rise in total IPV offences, with a stronger increase for severe cases. We explore several mechanisms, including increased time exposure to the partner and potential modifications in reporting behaviour. Importantly, we also show that the effects are stronger in areas facing substantial negative labour market shocks. Our projections indicate that a rise in average temperatures would result in 85-190 additional severe IPV offences per year, emphasizing the role of climate resilience for the successful implementation of IPV prevention strategies. |
| Keywords: | Intimate partner violence, temperature, climate change, labour market shocks |
| JEL: | J12 K38 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2025-09 |
| By: | Queaño, Hazel Grace Ann J.; Acd, Ma. Teresa A.; Herrera, Maria Noriza Q.; Allam Jr., Rolando |
| Keywords: | Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373409 |
| By: | Snorre Gjerde (Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)); Zacharias Sautner (University of Zurich - Department of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)); Alexander F. Wagner (University of Zurich - Department of Finance; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Swiss Finance Institute); Alexis Wegerich (Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)) |
| Abstract: | We survey companies worldwide to explore the evolving landscape of nature risks. Nearly half of all companies (48%) view nature risks as financially material, and 43% of those perceive nature-related physical risks, and 27% transition risks, as having financial effects already today. In line with these materiality perceptions, three-quarters of companies experiencing nature-related investor engagement view these interactions as value-generating. Nonetheless, according to the respondents, investor attention remains limited in key respects: while 40% report that investors consider nature risks, fewer than 25% believe investors assess how these risks affect cashflows or costs of capital. Half of the respondents believe investors will prioritize climate over nature; however, many think both topics are so intertwined that they cannot be separated. Our findings underscore the growing recognition of nature risks as financially relevant, while also pointing to challenges and opportunities for their integration into financial analysis and investor engagement. |
| Keywords: | Nature risk, biodiversity risk, shareholder engagement, nature capital |
| JEL: | G12 G30 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2586 |
| By: | Chonsawat, Nilubon; Suebpongsang, Pornsiri; Kitchaicharoen, Jirawan; Pradit, Oraphan |
| Keywords: | Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373380 |
| By: | Albrecht, Sabina; , Danyelle; Dolnicar, Sara (The University of Queensland) |
| Abstract: | The warm glow of charitable and environmentally sustainable actions has received much attention in the academic literature. Some studies suggest the power of the feel-good effect of doing good is severely underrated as a driver of human behaviour. This study curbs the enthusiasm by evaluating whether different forms of warm glow change behaviour across online and field experimental studies. Second-hand clothes shopping is the setting of our investigation because multiple forms of warm glow apply. Behaviour change toward reuse is highly desirable to lower the negative environmental impact of the fashion industry. In line with prior research, we find promising evidence in survey studies that priming the warm glow effect of second-hand shopping could increase second-hand shopping by up to 16%. However, when tested in a field study involving second-hand charity shops, messages communicating the warm glows of second-hand shopping performed no better than a general attention-generating message. Our study shows that charitable and environmentally sustainable behaviour does generate warm glow, but that the perception of warm glow might not be enough to motivate purchasing behaviours. |
| Date: | 2025–11–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jgec8_v1 |
| By: | Kuhn, Lena; Bobojonov, Ihtiyor |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364721 |
| By: | Johann Weiß; Jakob-Fabian Svoboda; Florian-Jonas Wehner; Sven Bienert |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The adaptive reuse of sacred buildings presents a unique challenge and opportunity for urban and real estate development, addressing challenges posed by secularization, demographic shifts, and economic pressures. Despite the increasing emergence of these transformations, the socio-economic and cultural dimensions of repurposing sacred spaces remain underexplored in real estate research. This study addresses this gap by integrating interdisciplinary insights from theology, monument preservation, architecture, real estate economics, and social sciences to propose a common-good-oriented framework for sacred space transformation.Design/methodology/approach – Through a qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz, 2018), we examine over 14 interdisciplinary case studies and workshops, as well as expert interviews, and secondary data. By integrating the Common Good Framework (Mazzucato, 2023) and the Institutional Real Estate Development Process (Healey, 1991), this research seeks to expand existing real estate development models to address complex, metaphysical, and ""wicked"" problems inherent in urban redevelopment.Findings – Our findings reveal barriers and opportunities in aligning adaptive reuse projects with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 11, which emphasizes sustainable urbanization and heritage preservation. Results reveal that sacred buildings can serve as community anchors and drivers of urban resilience when redeveloped with interdisciplinary collaboration and participatory planning.Originality/value – To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first to propose a meta-dimensional, common-good-oriented approach to real estate development, integrating theoretical and practical insights from multiple disciplines. It provides actionable strategies for developers and policymakers to enhance inclusivity, sustainability, and cultural preservation in urban environments. |
| Keywords: | Adaptive Reuse; Common Good; Sacred Spaces; Sustainable Urban Redevelopment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_128 |
| By: | Annette Kaempf-Dern; Joelle Zimmerli; Robin Ganninger; Marianne Wyrwoll; Torben Bernhold; Christina Angermeier |
| Abstract: | The study addresses the growing demand for non-financial reporting within the real estate sector. Such reporting extends beyond traditional economic metrics to include ecological, social, and governance (ESG) topics. As the complexity of reporting increases, prioritizing the most critical metrics becomes essential, particularly given the resource-intensive nature of reporting. Additionally, stricter regulatory frameworks and heightened scrutiny around greenwashing have shifted the focus toward outcome-based, rather than inputbased, reporting. Using a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, our study engaged over 100 experts through an extensive survey, a second delphi-study-like round, and focus groups to refine findings. The research evaluated the relevance of existing and proposed metrics across management levels, asset classes, and user groups within the real estate sector. The findings identify the most significant metrics within traditional topics and key ESG topics as prioritized by experts representing various management levels in the industry. This study was initiated by the Competence Group Real Estate Management (KG REM) as part of efforts to update the Real Estate Metrics Catalogue. Originally developed in 2011 by gif – Society of Property Researchers Germany, the Catalogue defines key indicator for real estate management. By providing a structured framework tailored to the specific needs of investors, corporates, and regulators, the updated Catalogue supports stakeholders in navigating complex reporting requirements and aligning with evolving regulatory expectations. |
| Keywords: | Delphi-Study; ESG-Reporting; Real Estate Management Levels; Sustainable Metrics |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_267 |
| By: | Koch Pina; Vitalija Danivska; Hilde Remoy |
| Abstract: | Current pressures for sustainable built environment are forcing to rethink existing practices. Convertible buildings, designed to adapt to future uses, offer potential benefits such as extended functional lifespan, increased sustainability, and reduced environmental impact. And whilst design aspects of convertible buildings have been studied for years, their financial viability remains underexplored, particularly regarding the trade-offs between higher initial investments and potential long-term advantages. Therefore, this study aims to provide insights into the financial implications of such designs. This study is based on interviews with 16 stakeholders in the real estate sector, including architects, consultants, municipal actors, developers, and investors. These interviews identify key design parameters and their effects on financial metrics, particularly in the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) model. A sensitivity analysis assesses the influence of three primary variables—additional initial investment, conversion costs, and gross exit yield (GEY)—on the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of this study demonstrate the financial potential of convertible buildings in comparison to standard buildings. Convertible buildings demonstrate similar profitability to redeveloped standard buildings and outperform standard buildings that are maintained or converted. Even though more research is needed, especially with real case buildings, this study underscores the potential of convertible buildings as a financially viable and sustainable investment, contingent on careful consideration of design and market factors. Convertible buildings could offer options for investors with long-term investment strategies and potential sustainability premiums. However, to encourage this type of development, tax incentives or favourable financing terms might still be needed. |
| Keywords: | convertible buildings; Financial Feasibility; Real Estate Investment |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_119 |
| By: | Martin Nerlinger (University of St. Gallen - School of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute); Martin Rohleder (University of Augsburg); Marco Wilkens (University of Augsburg); Jonas Zink |
| Abstract: | We examine what drives institutional engagement and voting on ESG-related shareholder proposals, using data from PRI and Morningstar. We find that personal engagement often substitutes for voting, especially among large fund families and those using meetings or site visits. Funds that vote more often or disclose less are less supportive of ESG proposals, while those filing proposals or outsourcing votes show more support. Collaborative engagement and longer PRI membership correlate with stronger ESG voting. Though engagement-active funds don't show major ESG performance gains, they increasingly support firms' ESG improvements, highlighting the role of active ownership in promoting sustainability. |
| Keywords: | active ownership, voting, engagement, disclosure, service providers |
| JEL: | G10 G23 M14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2589 |
| By: | Loan, Le Thi Thanh |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373370 |
| By: | Mr. Rabah Arezki; Youssouf Camara; Patrick A. Imam; Mr. Kangni R Kpodar |
| Abstract: | This paper uses two different historical accounts of the occurrence of earthquakes to identify the effects of these shocks on aggregate economic outcomes. We find that the use of a widely popular dataset Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) that records natural disasters restricted to occurrence with high level of damage points to statistical negative consequences of earthquakes on economic growth. Yet, these results do not hold when using a more comprehensive dataset from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) systematically recording earthquakes irrespective of the associated damage. The two results can be reconciled when isolating case of high-damage earthquakes in the context of poor countries often associated with weaker state capacity. These findings confirm the negative consequences of natural disasters' role on economic development in poor countries and highlight the importance of systematic data collection of natural disasters. |
| Keywords: | Earthquakes; Economic Growth; Poor Countries |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/232 |
| By: | Seifert, Stefan; Uehleke, Reinhard; Andert, Sabine; Gerowitt, Bärbel; Hüttel, Silke |
| Abstract: | Due to the multiple negative environmental effects of the overuse of chemical pesticides, the European Union (EU) aims to reduce pesticide use – including herbicides – by 50%, by 2030. Preventive weed management (PWM), using among others in-version tillage and diverse crop rotations, is considered perhaps the most suitable strategy to reduce on-farm herbicide use. Whether and how these practices relate to herbicide reduction potential and crop yields is, however, not well understood. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the impact of PWM on maize yields and herbicide use. Using field-level data for 530 maize fields in eastern Germany, we apply a directional distance function approach in a data envelopment framework and estimate directional and simultaneous improvement potentials for herbicide use and maize yields. Our preliminary results indicate a similar performance with holistic PWM and without PWM in terms of both yields and herbicide use, whereas a partial implementation of PWM seems to increase herbicide use. We also find herbicide reduction potentials of 36-37% irrespective of the PWM suggesting notable improvement potentials by implementing best practices. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355345 |
| By: | Gilbert, Christopher L. |
| Abstract: | The EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) will introduce stringent due diligence requirements on the import of seven major tropical agricultural commodities into the EU, with the objective of limiting deforestation in the producing countries. The greatest impact is likely to be in cocoa and coffee, where Europe is responsible for a large share of world consumption, and in palm oil, which has driven substantial deforestation. The commodity supply chains are complex. In particular, crop produced by smallholder farmers is aggregated prior to export. Tracking the deforestation status of these aggregated packets is a major and potentially costly undertaking. It is likely that this will involve some restructuring of supply chains, favoring large farms over smallholdings and international trading companies over only-based exporters. These developments are seen by some producing country governments as imperialism. EUDR-compliant supplies will earn a premium and this will raise prices for European consumers. Producers who are able to comply will benefit from the premium but will bear the compliance cost. Overall there will be a net pecuniary loss. Deforestation benefits will only emerge as new planning takes place and will depend on whether other consuming countries introduce similar legislation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Supply Chain |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355324 |
| By: | Andrée De Serres; Hélène Sicotte; Cynthia Aubert |
| Abstract: | Affordability plays a crucial role in combating climate change by influencing households' housing, transportation, and consumption choices, while offering numerous benefits for their health and quality of life. Integrating affordability into urban policies promotes sustainable densification and social diversity, thereby reducing cities’ carbon footprints. However, creating and maintaining affordability over time requires adopting a governance model, management practices, and investment strategies tailored to the needs of future generations. The transformation of housing into a financial asset has exacerbated declining of affordability, urban sprawl, and evictions, fueling real estate speculation with little consideration for tenants beyond their ability to pay. To counter this trend, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have developed alternative governance and business models that are less affected by market fluctuations, aiming to provide affordable housing while ensuring long-term quality. Supported by public and private partnerships, these NPOs help stabilize prices and combat speculation. In Montreal, for instance, the goal of achieving 20% off-market rental housing by 2050 reflects this ambition. A case study conducted between 2024 and 2025 analyzes three Quebec-based nonprofit organizations — UTILE, Interloge, and Mission Unitaînés — operating more than 3, 100 units in the affordable housing sector in 2024 as developers, owners, and managers of buildings. The objective is to compare their governance models, organizational practices, and innovative business models for developing and managing off-market housing, as well as to document their financing structures based on capital needs at both the company and project portfolio levels. These NPOs face several challenges in effectively addressing the housing crisis while ensuring housing sustainability and quality. The first challenge is building affordability over time, which is achieved with property ownership and also requires rigorous control of capital and operational expenses throughout the entire building's lifecycle to ensure affordable rents for tenants and limit their increase over time without compromising housing quality. Government subsidy programs to support tenant payment capacity are also an important solution to maintain affordability over time and cope with inflation. NPOs therefore include these programs in their business model. The second challenge lies in their reliance on subsidies, making their recognition as credible and legitimate market actors essential to securing financial sustainability. They also face increasing competition from for-profit companies. For some large NPOs, internalizing real estate development expertise and strengthening of internal organization is crucial for accelerating projects and consolidating their social acceptability. Another key issue is strengthening their legitimacy with lenders and investors, which necessitates attracting talent and innovating in financing and development practices. Given the high demand for affordable housing, some NPOs must pool their efforts by forming innovative alliances to share resources and knowledge while increasing their political influence and reducing costs. Finally, managing tenants with specific needs requires partnerships with psychosocial workers and the promotion of suitable housing located near essential services and public transport. This research maps Quebec’s affordable housing ecosystem and explores government definitions of affordability and their implications for NPOs. International case studies could provide inspiration for innovative solutions. Further research is needed to explore other innovative models and to understand how to reconcile housing affordability, quality and sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Business Model; Housing Affordability; Investment Strategies; Non-profit corporate governance |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_112 |
| By: | San, Myint Myint; San, Aye Moe; Myint, Theigi; Oo, Soe Paing |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373382 |
| By: | Rachmat, Salsabila Luqyana; Fajri, Aulia Irhamni; Azzahra N, Kayla; Awaliyah, Meylani |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373379 |
| By: | Nikzad, Mojtaba; Gerharz, Eva |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364753 |
| By: | Saravia Matus, Silvia; Naranjo, Lisbeth; Llavona, Alba; Sarmanto, Natalia; Coble, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | Este documento constituye la memoria de las cuatro primeras ediciones de los Diálogos Regionales del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), realizadas entre 2021 y 2024. Este evento ha sido organizado anualmente por la CEPAL, en el marco del Decenio Internacional para la Acción «Agua para el Desarrollo Sostenible» 2018-2028 y representa un espacio de alto nivel ministerial con intercambios de experiencias técnicas con enfoque multiactor, cuyo propósito es promover mejores prácticas consensuadas y acelerar el cumplimiento del ODS 6 en la región, es decir, “garantizar la disponibilidad de agua, su gestión sostenible y el saneamiento para todos”. En este documento se destaca la importante participación y aporte sustantivo del Grupo Regional de Expertos en Recursos Hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe en los Diálogos. Este grupo, convocado y liderado por la CEPAL, se formó bajo los auspicios de ONU-Agua en el año 2022, con el objetivo de articular esfuerzos que impulsen la implementación de iniciativas que aceleren el cumplimiento del ODS 6 en América Latina y el Caribe. Se presenta asimismo, el proceso participativo de elaboración y seguimiento de la Agenda Regional de Acción por el Agua, el principal resultado de los Diálogos Regionales del Agua, adoptada por los países de ALC en 2023. Este instrumento, recoge una serie de compromisos voluntarios asumidos por los países para acelerar el cumplimiento del ODS 6 en la región, y constituye una hoja de ruta colaborativa para sistematizar y relevar lecciones aprendidas en torno a la consecución de una transición hídrica sostenible e inclusiva para la región. La Agenda fue presentada por la CEPAL en la Conferencia del Agua de Naciones Unidas de 2023, llevando una voz regional a este evento, que a su vez logró reunir las preocupaciones y compromisos de los sectores públicos, privados, sociales y académicos. Por último, el documento enfatiza cómo los Diálogos Regionales del Agua y la Agenda Regional de Acción por el Agua se alinean y respaldan la agenda global de Agua y Saneamiento de Naciones Unidas, y cómo contribuyen a otros espacios ya vigentes que abordan la temática del agua y saneamiento, incluyendo acuerdos, convenciones, marcos y conferencias de las Naciones Unidas, además de procesos intergubernamentales enfocados en procesos relevantes y transversales como el clima, la biodiversidad, la desertificación, el medio ambiente, la reducción del riesgo y gestión de desastres, la seguridad alimentaria, la salud, la conservación de los humedales, la igualdad de género, la paz y otros. Asimismo, el documento detalla cómo estos Diálogos Regionales contribuyen al fortalecimiento de las capacidades técnicas, operativas, políticas y de prospectiva (TOPP) de las instituciones nacionales vinculadas a la gestión del agua, proporcionando algunos “cómo” necesarios para lograr los objetivos de la transición hídrica sostenible e inclusiva. |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:82503 |
| By: | Phiri Kampanje, Brian |
| Abstract: | Malawi currently sits on an enormous bamboo industry capable of transforming the social and economic fabric of the nation. The bamboo industry would address the acute shortage of desks in public schools and beds in the boarding schools. Import substitution in bicycles and umbrellas would save the meagre forex resources. There is also a lot of export potential which could earn the scarce foreign currency exchange to contain the cost-push inflation as Malawi is a predominantly importing nation. There is however no political will to tap funds from international green financing schemes. Technical and vocational training education does not support this industry. The conservationists need to appreciate it. The time to act is now. |
| Keywords: | Bamboo; Forest, Vision 2063; Malawi, SDG 15 |
| JEL: | Q23 Q26 Q55 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126552 |
| By: | Nguyen, Anh Tram; Napasintuwong, Orachos |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373369 |
| By: | Tiwari, Sailesh; Skoufias, Emmanuel; Kshirsagar, Varun Sridhar |
| Abstract: | This paper uses cross-sectional surveys of households over 2007–21 from Thailand’s Socio-Economic Expenditure Survey to conduct one of the first investigations of the impacts of climatic variability on two key statistics characterizing the distribution of welfare in Thailand: the mean and the variance (or inequality). It shows that historically higher rainfall is positively associated with the mean level of welfare, as measured by household consumption expenditures per capita, and negatively associated with poverty and a variety of measures of inequality in the country. These results validate concerns about the impacts of increased climatic variability and more frequent and intense weather extremes associated with the process of climate change. More frequent and more intense shortages of rainfall will decrease welfare and increase inequality at the national level and in both urban and rural areas. There is considerable variation in the extent to which access to social assistance and credit programs in their current configuration mitigates the negative impacts of rainfall shortages on welfare and prevents increases in inequality. Investing in irrigation infrastructure and strengthening the insurance components of social protection and credit support programs, such as the Village Funds program, through increasing the identification, targeting, and coverage of those vulnerable to poverty from exposure to such shocks, provide promising options for mitigating the impacts of climatic variability on welfare, poverty, and overall inequality in Thailand. |
| Date: | 2025–11–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11253 |
| By: | Ondine Berland (London School of Economics); Marion Leroutier (Institute for Fiscal Studies) |
| Date: | 2025–11–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ifs:ifsewp:25/53 |
| By: | Handan Kaplan; Kerem Yavuz Arslanli |
| Abstract: | In response to the global acceleration of electric vehicle (EV) adoption, this study repositions EV charging stations as strategic urban real estate assets rather than mere technical infrastructure. It highlights the untapped potential of charging infrastructure to contribute to sustainable urban mobility, spatial efficiency, and real estate value generation when optimally located. Recognizing current limitations in site selection—often driven by technical feasibility alone—the research proposes a location-based, investment-oriented site selection model that integrates urban planning, spatial accessibility, and economic feasibility into a cohesive decision-support framework. Focusing on Istanbul as a case study, the model operates under a fixed investment budget, aiming to identify optimal locations that maximize usage potential and return on investment (ROI). The analytical framework is grounded in the DIKW (Data–Information–Knowledge–Wisdom) hierarchy and applies a four-stage methodology: data collection, spatial analysis, multi-criteria decision-making (AHP, Fuzzy AHP, SWARA), and portfolio-based evaluation. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to process and visualize key indicators, including population density, transportation networks, land values, and existing charging station locations. The study’s criteria are categorized into urban, economic, and environmental dimensions. While energy infrastructure data were limited, the model is designed to be scalable and adaptable for future data integration. Rooted in location theory, Highest and Best Use (HBU) analysis, and portfolio management principles, the model frames EV charging stations as components of a broader urban investment strategy. Ultimately, the research offers a spatially explicit, data-driven tool for public and private stakeholders, facilitating strategic decision-making in EV infrastructure deployment. The model’s flexible structure allows for adaptation across diverse urban contexts, contributing to both economic and spatial sustainability in EV infrastructure planning. |
| Keywords: | EV Charging Stations; Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MDM); Real Estate Investment; site selection |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_292 |
| By: | Rother, Christine; Zubek, Nana |
| Keywords: | Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364755 |
| By: | Colette Salemi; Sebastian Anti; Jonathan Rigberg; Karishma Silva; Johannes Hoogeveen |
| Abstract: | One in five refugees live in camps or camp-like settings, and three-quarters of encamped refugees are in sub-Saharan Africa. No reliable public data has systematically tracked camp locations, operations, or populations over time. To address this, we introduce the African Refugee Camps Dataset (ARCD), a geospatial panel dataset. We describe its creation and use ARCD to analyze major trends over 25 years. We then show two applications combining ARCD with complementary data. First, we assess spatial features of camp locations compared to stratified random sites. Camps align with logistical guidelines—flat terrain, moderate vegetation—but are often near borders, protected areas, and far from provincial capitals. Second, we estimate the effect of camp openings on forest and vegetation cover using a differences-in-differences approach. Camp establishment reduces forest cover by 1–2 percentage points within two years, largely due to land clearing for shelter, infrastructure, and roads. |
| Keywords: | deforestation, geospatial data, refugee camps, spatial analysis, sub-saharan africa |
| JEL: | C81 F22 J15 O18 O55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:442 |
| By: | Yeterian, Marc; Grislain-Letrémy, Céline; Villeneuve, Bertrand |
| Abstract: | Crop insurance is one of the most important tools that farmers have to protect themselves against climate-related risks. Yet and despite being heavily subsidized, insurance uptake in France remains extremely low. The goal of this paper is twofold ; first, we explain this paradox by analyzing the heterogeneous benefits and adverse effects of taking up crop insurance, and second, we provide concrete policy recommendations to increase insurance uptake in a welfare-maximizing way. Using an original micro-level panel of 17 000 French farmers over 20 years, we first use a moments-based regression to identify the local average effects (LATE) of insurance on expected revenues and variance, before investigating the factors that might cause heterogeneity in these effects, both observables through interaction terms and unobservables through a marginal treatment effect design. We conclude that insurance subsidies have very little impact on crop insurance demand, especially for those who would benefit the most, and suggest other less costly and more efficient ways to increase insurance uptake such as information campaigns. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aes024:355337 |
| By: | Elveren, Adem Yavuz |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Global military expenditure increased to about $2.4 trillion in 2023, basically driven by the Russia-Ukraine war and other geopolitical tensions (SIPRI 2024). According to SIPRI, the 6.8% rise in total military spending was the largest since 2009. As a result, the global military burden reached 2.3% of world GDP, with governments allocating an average of 6.9% of their budgets to defense. Policymakers frequently frame high levels of military spending as indispensable for maintaining deterrence and protecting national interests, thereby legitimizing disproportionate defense budgets. However, higher levels of military expenditure do not necessarily translate into greater peace or stability. On the contrary, they tend to intensify arms races and escalate geopolitical rivalries, thereby heightening the likelihood of conflict (UN 2025). A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that military spending crowds out resources vital for social investment, poverty reduction, quality and extensive education and healthcare, gender equality, infrastructure development, and environmental protection (Elgin et al. 2022; UN Women 2022; Elveren 2025a). (...) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cessdp:330668 |
| By: | Narayanan, Sudha; Raghunathan, Kalyani; Kosec, Katrina; Paul, Meekha Hannah; Kumar, Deepak; Agnihotri, Satish B.; Murthy, Indu K.; Sarathy, Partha; Panda, Aditi |
| Abstract: | Globally, there is increasing recognition of the significant potential for social protection programs to sup-port sustainable livelihoods and build household resilience to climatic and economic shocks (Jordan et al., 2021; Norton et al., 2020). For women—who disproportionately bear the burden of these shocks—such programs serve as a critical safety net and a pathway to economic empowerment (Kosec et al., 2023; Mason & Agan, 2015). Yet, the extent to which social protection delivers on this promise depends on robust financing, inclusive program design, and effective implementation. Evidence suggests that public interventions often fall short in addressing gender inequalities, and that complementary efforts must be made to redress entrenched disadvantages that women might face in shaping, accessing, and benefiting from these programs. |
| Keywords: | livelihoods; resilience; social protection; women; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2025–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:174707 |
| By: | Harald Mayr; Mateus Souza |
| Abstract: | We leverage quasi‐experimental variation to study how group size influences free‐riding behavior within a high‐expense environment. When buildings lack apartment‐specific heat meters, tenants use simple heuristics to split a common bill. We estimate that the staggered rollout of a corrective technology, “submetering, ” reduces heating expenses by 17%, on average. Machine learning techniques uncover substantial heterogeneity, consistent with strategic exit of free‐riders and coordination failures in large buildings. Tenants in smaller buildings show minimal response and are surprisingly price elastic. Only a minority of households exploits the free‐riding incentives. Targeted submetering policies can be much more cost‐effective than universal mandates. |
| Keywords: | Free-riding, submetering, individual billing, heating energy, tragedy of the commons, welfare |
| JEL: | D62 Q41 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2025_629v2 |
| By: | Gabriel, Andreas; Garnitz, Johanna; Spykman, Olivia |
| Abstract: | The perception and evaluation of rural landscapes resulting from human interaction with nature is highly subjective. However, understanding how the non-agricultural population views the impact of an altered landscape image is crucial. This paper explores the German population's perceptions of changes in agricultural landscapes brought about by multi-crop, small-scale field structures (strip intercropping) combined with the introduction of biodiversity landscape elements and field robotics. An online survey was conducted with German residents aged 18 and older (n = 2, 022). Preferences and the importance of individual image components were analysed based on four images depicting a field with strip intercropping, featuring various combinations of tractors, robots, and flowering strips. Participants’ emotional associations with key image components were also measured. The findings reveal that nearly two-thirds of respondents preferred the image featuring a flower strip and a tractor, associating it with concepts such as green, nature, and environment (flowering strip), as well as the traditional image of agriculture (tractor). Among the two images without flower strips, the tractor was preferred over the robot by more than a sixfold margin. Conversely, the image with a robot and flower strips was chosen about as frequently as the image with a tractor but without flower strips. Additionally, the study highlights how socio-demographic characteristics may influence the evaluation of agricultural landscape changes. Two logistic regression models indicate that factors such as age, gender, direct contact with farmers, and respondents’ reported "green consumption value" significantly impact preferences of specific landscape components. Overall, the results suggest a preference for landscapes that are both familiar and environmentally oriented. Nevertheless, the use of autonomous technologies and the shift towards small-scale diversified production systems are not broadly rejected. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:373439 |
| By: | Gabriel, Andreas; Garnitz, Johanna; Spykman, Olivia |
| Abstract: | The perception and evaluation of rural landscapes resulting from human interaction with nature is highly subjective. However, understanding how the non-agricultural population views the impact of an altered landscape image is crucial. This paper explores the German population's perceptions of changes in agricultural landscapes brought about by multi-crop, small-scale field structures (strip intercropping) combined with the introduction of biodiversity landscape elements and field robotics. An online survey was conducted with German residents aged 18 and older (n = 2, 022). Preferences and the importance of individual image components were analysed based on four images depicting a field with strip intercropping, featuring various combinations of tractors, robots, and flowering strips. Participants’ emotional associations with key image components were also measured. The findings reveal that nearly two-thirds of respondents preferred the image featuring a flower strip and a tractor, associating it with concepts such as green, nature, and environment (flowering strip), as well as the traditional image of agriculture (tractor). Among the two images without flower strips, the tractor was preferred over the robot by more than a sixfold margin. Conversely, the image with a robot and flower strips was chosen about as frequently as the image with a tractor but without flower strips. Additionally, the study highlights how socio-demographic characteristics may influence the evaluation of agricultural landscape changes. Two logistic regression models indicate that factors such as age, gender, direct contact with farmers, and respondents’ reported "green consumption value" significantly impact preferences of specific landscape components. Overall, the results suggest a preference for landscapes that are both familiar and environmentally oriented. Nevertheless, the use of autonomous technologies and the shift towards small-scale diversified production systems are not broadly rejected. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:373439 |
| By: | Küblböck, Karin; Papatheophilou, Simela; Tröster, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | In response to growing critical raw material demand and increasing instability in global supply chains, the European Union has established Strategic Partnerships with resource-rich third countries. These partnerships aim connect raw material projects in third countries with European industries, while promoting 'mutual benefits' and more sustainable raw material supply chains. Yet their effectiveness is limited by restricted policy space resulting from EU Free Trade and Investment Agreements, insufficient funding mechanisms, and weak consultation with affected communities, carrying the risk of legitimizing extractive projects rather than delivering genuine mutual benefits. This policy note assesses the potential and limits of Strategic Partnerships, highlighting the need for policy alignment to protect partner countries' policy space, support local value addition, provide dedicated financing, and promote demand reduction to ensure resilient and sustainable CRM supply chains. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:oefsep:330672 |
| By: | Jongejan, Ruben; Van Ledden, Matheus; Lendering, Kasper; Verschuur, Jasper; Shuvra, Debashish Paul; Jafino, Bramka Arga; Kazi, Swarna |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh has demonstrated how investment in coastal flood protection saves lives, reduces economic losses, and protects development gains. Yet, its cost effectiveness depends on the design standards, which are currently selected on a project-by-project basis. This is because at present, there is no law, policy, or agency guidance to guide or inform decisions on design standards for coastal polders in the country. To inform the discussion on appropriate flood protection standards for Bangladesh’s coastal polders, this paper investigates what these standards would look like if they were based on cost-benefit analyses. The analysis finds that implementing differentiated flood protection standards across the coastal polders can be a cost-effective strategy for further suppressing flood risks, reducing up to 27.5 percent of the total cost and flood risks (from US$23.4 billion investment cost + US$11 billion flood risk to US$18.6 billion investment cost + US$6.7 billion flood risk). This includes the substantial investment in bank protection needed (~US$5 billion), irrespective of the flood protection standards, to maintain the alignment of the present embankments around the coastal polders. Although the absolute values of the economically optimal protection levels are subject to considerable uncertainty, a sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of the finding that there is considerable value in flood protection level differentiation. Flood protection standards are rarely based on economic considerations alone. They could also be informed by the desire to reduce life safety risk or combat poverty. It is recommended that the implications of applying different perspectives on the tolerability of risks to determine differentiated flood protection standards be carefully explored in consultation with stakeholders. |
| Date: | 2025–11–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11250 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M. |
| Abstract: | Key messages 1. The Kampala Declaration promotes multilevel coherence in agrifood systems investment by aligning National Agricultural Investment Plans (NAIPs) and Regional Agricultural Investment Plans (RAIPs) across Africa. 2. The green–yellow–blue typology employed in this brief is a critical innovation that helps classify and harmonize activities by their governance level—national (blue), regional/REC (green), and continental/multi-REC (yellow). 3. A majority of activities (132) identified in the CAADP Strategy and Action Plan 2026–2035 are multilevel (green + yellow + blue), indicating broad intent for integrated implementation, but also emphasizing the need for strong coordination among all governance tiers. 4. Blue-only activities (74) dominate, revealing a tendency toward national responsibility, which still needs to be strategically aligned with REC and African Union (AU) initiatives. 5. Continental leadership remains weak, with few AU-led (yellow-only) initiatives, suggesting a policy gap in pan-African coordination and oversight—particularly in inclusivity, financing, and resilience. 6. Governance and trade-related interventions show the highest levels of harmonization, making them potential models for other domains such as food security, inclusivity, and climate resilience. 7. Inclusivity and resilience are under-prioritized at the regional and continental levels, requiring policy reframing that treats them as shared public goods rather than local concerns. 8. RECs are pivotal to the successful implementation of CAADP Agenda but are under-resourced, requiring enhanced mandates, planning tools, and inter-REC collaboration to execute cross-border and multicountry initiatives effectively. 9. Successful implementation hinges on institutional reforms, sustained political will, and capacity building, ensuring the Declaration translates into real, coherent, and transformative action across Africa’s agrifood systems. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; investment; governance; food security; Africa |
| Date: | 2025–08–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:176219 |
| By: | Laura Gabrielli; Elena Dorato |
| Abstract: | Over the past three decades, Italy has experienced a significant expansion of university campuses. While this growth has boosted local economies, it has also intensified the demand for rental housing in regions unprepared for such pressures. Currently, 40% of Italian students reside off-campus, a figure increasing annually by 2.5%. However, only 10.5% of these students have access to dedicated student housing. As a result, students are pushed into the private rental market, where rents have risen by more than 5%, driven by higher mortgage costs, reduced housing availability, and the growing prevalence of Airbnb-style short-term rentals. In Ferrara, the University accommodates over 30, 000 students, with 79% living off-campus as of 2023—a figure that previously peaked at over 85%. Student housing availability remains critically low, with only a few hundred beds available (283 managed by ER.go and 230 by ACER). A 2023 survey conducted by the Union of University Students (EDU) highlights severe housing challenges, revealing that 68% of students struggle to find accommodations due to room shortages and high costs. Additionally, 60% face significant financial difficulties in covering housing expenses, leading nearly half of the students to resort to informal or illicit rental arrangements. This study seeks to assist the University of Ferrara (UniFe) by providing analytical insights, methodological support, and actionable solutions for developing effective student housing policies. These policies aim to balance students' educational rights with the profit expectations of private sector stakeholders. The study proposes an evaluation model to determine the optimal number of student beds required while ensuring fair compensation for private investors. Tackling the student housing crisis is vital for fostering urban sustainability, often involving the revitalization of underused properties and their integration with city services. Effective solutions demand a nuanced understanding of local contexts and the adoption of best practices. Coordinated efforts among local authorities, universities, and real estate stakeholders, supported by robust public-private partnerships, are essential. By employing flexible value/return frameworks that align with market conditions, cities can incorporate circular economy principles into their housing strategies, thereby advancing sustainable urban development. |
| Keywords: | Public-Private Partnership (PPP); Real Estate Market; student housing; Sustainable Urban Regeneration |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_39 |
| By: | Heijnk, Vicky; Hess, Sebastian |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364716 |
| By: | G. Atzeni; P. Arca; A. Carosi |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether climate-risk mitigation investments enhance firms' access to bank credit, with a particular focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which typically operate in information-opaque environments. We hypothesise that the adoption of mitigation practices serves as a signal of managerial quality, which is positively perceived by financial institutions. Using firm-level data from the Enterprise Survey conducted by the EBRD, EIB, and World Bank Group, we estimate an endogenous switching regression model to account for selection on both observables and unobservables. Firms are classified into mitigation-intensive and low-mitigation regimes based on their adoption of ten climate-related practices. Our results show that firms in the mitigation-intensive regime have a 38.6% higher probability of accessing credit compared to the counterfactual scenario, while firms in the low-mitigation regime would increase their probability by 28.9% if they adopted more mitigation measures. The difference between the treatment effects confirms positive selection into the mitigation-intensive regime and supports the signalling hypothesis. |
| Keywords: | climite-risk mitigation measures;Bank Credit;endogenous switching;Signalling |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202513 |
| By: | Tien Manh Vu (Faculty of Global Management, Chuo University); Hiroyuki Yamada (Faculty of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impacts of perceived landmine risk on the welfare of agricultural villagers more than two decades after the end of civil conflict in Cambodia, which lasted from 1970 to 1998, using Cambodian censuses. Using an instrumental variable approach, we find that the perceived risk of landmines has some long-lasting effects despite significant efforts toward demining. Perceived landmine risk is associated with lower crop productivity, higher crop diversity, and higher labor rates among children aged 5–14 years. However, we do not find any significant transition away from agricultural production due to perceived landmine risk or effects on school attendance among the 5–9-year cohort or on child marriage among the 13–14-year cohort. |
| Keywords: | Landmines, Agriculture, Welfare, Household, Children, Cambodia |
| JEL: | N45 O13 O15 O14 |
| Date: | 2025–11–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:dp2025-026 |
| By: | Mirjam Sophie Mauel; Elisabeth Beusker |
| Abstract: | The European Union aims to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector by 2050, with Germany targeting a climate-neutral residential building stock by 2045. In this context, serial retrofitting, an innovative approach to the energy-efficient modernisation of buildings, is becoming increasingly important. The serial retrofitting approach places particular emphasis on improving the energy efficiency of the building by targeting the building envelope and the building systems technology. The standardisation and prefabrication of construction elements, in conjunction with the optimisation of processes throughout the entire value chain, has the potential to reduce renovation time and costs while achieving high energy efficiency standards such as NetZero. Preliminary market analyses in Germany indicate the presence of further potential for savings through economies of scale and learning effects. Serial retrofitting has seen particular advancement in the context of multi-family houses, which account for approximately 53% of all residential units in Germany. This market segment harbours significant potential, as many of these buildings have inadequate energy efficiency due to their age. The primary stage of the study is to examine the potential offered by serial retrofitting measures, particularly for multi-family houses in Germany, and the energy savings that can be achieved consequently. To this end, relevant data sets are statistically analysed to present initial results on the potential energy savings and the scalability of these measures. The analysis is based on a range of structural, energy-related, and technical parameters, including year of construction, gross floor area, energy efficiency standard, energy source and primary energy consumption. The objective of this study is to statistically evaluate and quantify the potential of serial retrofitting to decarbonise the residential building stock. |
| Keywords: | Decarbonisation potential; Residential building stock; Serial retrofitting |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_165 |
| By: | Berger, Axel; Dash, Priyadarshi; von Haaren, Paula; Putz, Lena-Marie; de Mello e Souza, André |
| Abstract: | The world is falling behind on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a situation exacerbated by recent geopolitical disruptions and challenges to international cooperation. This policy brief, based on a virtual roundtable in the context of the Hamburg Sustainability Conference (HSC) with influential experts from Latin America, Africa and Asia, explores how recent global shifts - such as reduced funding for development, fundamental policy changes of major powers and weakened multilateral institutions - are reshaping development and trade cooperation. While these disruptions have had damaging effects on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in particular, they also present opportunities to reform international systems, diversify cooperation formats and strengthen regional and sectoral alliances. Three key recommendations emerge from the roundtable discussion that are relevant for international cooperation for sustainable development going forward: Trade is increasingly being used as a tool to project geopolitical power, contributing to the fragmentation of global economic systems. In response to these disruptions, countries are encouraged to diversify cooperation by promoting open regionalism, fostering plurilateral partnerships and strengthening sectoral collaboration (e.g. on artificial intelligence) and economic resilience. The decline in development aid cannot be compensated by individual actors alone. LMICs are forced to actively address financing gaps through improved conditions for investments, stronger domestic revenue generation, better macroeconomic management and efforts to curb illicit financial flows. The international community should support them in these efforts. Aid remains vital, especially for low-income countries and humanitarian emergencies. However, fairer and more reciprocal part-nerships should be developed, acknowledging mutual economic interests and based on knowledge sharing. Recent disruptive and polarising policy decisions, while theoretically reversible, have lasting negative effects on trust, budget priorities and international cooperation. Nevertheless, experts emphasise the potential to build new alliances, involving LMICs, for sustainability transitions, reformed global governance structures and alternative cooperation models. To seize these opportunities, leadership from countries that depend on rules-based international cooperation systems - especially middle powers - is considered essential for driving systemic change. |
| Keywords: | international cooperation, trade, sustainability, regionalism, multilateralism, self reliance, resilience, sustainable development, SDGs, geopolitics |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:331221 |
| By: | Hnin, Chue Htet; Reyes, Julieta A. Delos; Bustos, Angelina R.; Lapiña, Geny F. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2025–09–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asea25:373410 |
| By: | Phiri Kampanje, Brian |
| Abstract: | Adoption of IFRS S1 and S2 became mandatory on 1st January 2024 and yet only 33 percent of Malawi’s listed companies disclosed to have adopted the said new sustainability standards and purported no significant impact on the financial statements without producing the required reports as per the International Sustainability Standards Board. The board of directors of those listed companies which did not adopt IFRS S1 and S2 expressed ignorance and pushed the issue to the external auditors who incorrectly stated that prior approval was required as a jurisdictional matter. Some listed companies produced ESG and Sustainability Reports which to lesser extent mitigate the problem. Remedial actions are needed now. |
| Keywords: | Jurisdiction; Auditor, IFRS S1 and S2; Malawi |
| JEL: | M41 M48 M49 |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126553 |
| By: | Kleingraeber, Sebastian; Efken, Josef |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364719 |
| By: | Ezio Micelli; Giulia Giliberto; Eleonora Righetto |
| Abstract: | Deep retrofits are essential to reducing energy consumption and emissions, aligning with the European EPBD's goals for energy-efficient buildings. However, the financial viability of such interventions remains uncertain. The aim is to assess the financial feasibility of extensive retrofits using the MESA business model, with a focus on off-site production processes, a unique feature of the Energiesprong. Energiesprong is a pioneering approach to residential building energy retrofit that maximises time and operating costs by utilising off-site renovation technologies and long-term energy performance contracts. The research evaluates two primary demand profiles in two urban contexts with distinct real estate dynamics, using net present value (NPV) analysis to assess the financial feasibility relative to initial investment costs. The findings indicate that, despite notable benefits such as value proposition for higher energy efficiency, deep retrofits are not financially viable under current costs and technologies without upfront external contributions. The research further incorporates the impacts of economies of scale and technological learning, which are central to the MESA-Energiesprong model. It suggests a learning curve that links reduced construction costs to the growing number of renovated buildings. The dynamic evaluation highlights the value of the construction cost at which the retrofit becomes financially feasible and that, without government contributions, the financial viability of deep retrofits could improve over time as the sector scales. These findings provide policymakers with valuable insights, aiding the development of more effective public policies that promote building efficiency through off-site construction and optimise contributions distribution based on regional variations. |
| Keywords: | Business Models; Energy efficiency retrofit; Green premium price; off-site construction |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_167 |
| By: | Agarwal, Vikas; Gómez, Juan-Pedro; Hosseini, Kasra; Jha, Manish |
| Abstract: | We model firm executives' compensation incentives when ESG metrics are added to their performance-vested contracts. Drawing on multitasking theory, we predict that incentives tied to standard accounting or financial metrics are reduced after introducing ESG metrics to induce executives to reallocate effort toward ESG goals. Empirically, the expected pay-performance sensitivity of standard metrics decreases by about 20% after ESG adoption, especially when ESG metrics are more numerous, less complementary, or less measurable. The tradeoff is associated with improved ESG ratings, consistent with efficient incentive design under multitasking that optimally balances effort across financial and ESG objectives. |
| Keywords: | ESG pay, multitasking, pay-performance sensitivity, dollar delta, incentives, executive compensation, metrics |
| JEL: | J33 M12 M14 G34 G32 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cfrwps:330666 |
| By: | Wetjen, Enna Marleen; Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364762 |
| By: | Christhina Candido; Samin Marzban; Dorsa Fatourehchi; Skillington Katie; Marina Viana |
| Abstract: | Over the last decade, the health and wellbeing movement has taken the Asia Pacific market by storm. It has been estimated that 25% of the Australian commercial office space is under consideration for WELL certification. Despite this growth, research documenting the perception of office workers in certified spaces is yet to pick up the pace, preventing advances in knowledge about tangible (and quantifiable) outcomes of certification adoption. This paper contributes to this knowledge gap by reporting on findings of a cohort of 20 certified workspaces. A sample of over 2, 400 SHE (Sustainable and Healthy Environments) Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) surveys were analysed. The survey is designed to capture occupants’ satisfaction, comfort, perceived productivity, health (physical and mental), creativity, and other aspects. The SHE POE survey is endorsed for use on certifications with GBCA, NABERS, and IWBI’s WELL v2. In addition, a total of ten case studies were selected for structured site visits with the goal of mapping physical attributes of the office fit-out, including greenery, access to daylight, overall office layout, zoning, furnishings, aesthetics, etc. Survey results show that perceived productivity was nearly 15% higher in certified workspaces when benchmarked against the SHE database. Workers also reported higher overall satisfaction, creativity and health. Results from site visits show that high-performing workspaces where timber and greenery rich fit-outs were more likely to achieve higher levels of satisfaction overall. There were also significant boosts in terms of utilisation - workers actively sought timber and greenery rich fit-outs three times more often and stayed five times longer than other locations within the same workplace. Findings highlight the value add of sustainable and healthy building certification as a blueprint pathway towards high-performing workspaces. This research provides information to industry stakeholders seeking evidence for business cases for fit-out improvements whilst helping to redefine best-industry practice. |
| Keywords: | Biophilia; healthy building certification; occupant satisfaction; Post-occupancy evaluation |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2025_290 |
| By: | Mohrmann, Sören; Otter, Verena |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364726 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | It is with profound optimism and unwavering commitment that I present the ARREST Agenda for Inclusive Development (AAID), Liberia’s fourth post-conflict National Development Plan (2025–2029) to you the People of Liberia. This ambitious Plan represents our collective resolve to transform Liberia from a low-income country characterized by many human deprivations into a nation of inclusive growth, sustainable development, and shared prosperity. |
| Date: | 2025–11–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/292 |
| By: | Tandi, Pruthiraj; Ranjan, Nihar; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu |
| Abstract: | The implementation of agricultural technology can increase the income of farmers by boosting farm productivity. This may allow the farmers to go for crop diversification. This study examines this premise in relation to millets production, use of agricultural technology therein, and crop diversification by the farmers involved in millet production. Data on five hundred millet farmers in Koraput district of Odisha in India, have been collected to empirically test whether use of agricultural technology aids-in crop diversification. The study employs fractional heteroscedasticity probit model to ascertain the association between agricultural technology use and crop diversification. For the purpose of this study, a crop diversification index, and an agricultural technology intensity index has been framed. The study found that there is a statistically significant relationship between agricultural technology use and crop diversification. This is a noteworthy discovery given the growing importance of crop diversity as the farming class seeks higher income and countries seek agricultural self-sufficiency. After discovering this, the research proposes that governments worldwide should enhance agricultural technology adoption through appropriate policies. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaepa:373442 |
| By: | Tandi, Pruthiraj; Ranjan, Nihar; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu |
| Abstract: | The implementation of agricultural technology can increase the income of farmers by boosting farm productivity. This may allow the farmers to go for crop diversification. This study examines this premise in relation to millets production, use of agricultural technology therein, and crop diversification by the farmers involved in millet production. Data on five hundred millet farmers in Koraput district of Odisha in India, have been collected to empirically test whether use of agricultural technology aids-in crop diversification. The study employs fractional heteroscedasticity probit model to ascertain the association between agricultural technology use and crop diversification. For the purpose of this study, a crop diversification index, and an agricultural technology intensity index has been framed. The study found that there is a statistically significant relationship between agricultural technology use and crop diversification. This is a noteworthy discovery given the growing importance of crop diversity as the farming class seeks higher income and countries seek agricultural self-sufficiency. After discovering this, the research proposes that governments worldwide should enhance agricultural technology adoption through appropriate policies. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2024–09–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:haaewp:373442 |
| By: | Selensky, Friederike S.; Knierim, Andrea |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi24:364758 |