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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Voraprapa Nakavachara; Chanon Thongtai; Thanarat Chalidabhongse; Chanathip Pharino |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether climate-friendly food products command a price premium in consumer markets. Using product-level data from a supermarket in Sweden, we examine the relationship between front-of-package climate impact scores and retail prices, controlling for product size, nutritional content, and fixed effects. Contrary to the intuitive expectation of a positive green premium, we find no evidence that climate-friendly products are priced higher. In some product categories, products with better climate scores are in fact associated with lower prices, suggesting a negative premium, an outcome that gives rise to what we refer to as the green premium puzzle. We argue that market frictions such as competing consumer priorities, psychological distance from climate issues, and skepticism toward environmental labeling may suppress the price signals intended to reward sustainable consumption. These findings offer important insights for producers, retailers, and policymakers seeking to align climate goals with effective market incentives in the transition toward a more sustainable society. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.10333 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This essay critically examines the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) and its potential to support the climate goals of the Paris Agreement. It explores how the EUDR uses due diligence, supply chain traceability, and risk assessments to curb deforestation-related emissions. While the regulation promises environmental benefits, it faces critiques over its impacts on smallholder farmers, enforcement complexity, and potential market distortions. The analysis considers both regulatory strengths and implementation challenges, concluding that while the EUDR alone cannot resolve global deforestation, it offers a vital mechanism for aligning international trade with sustainable, climate-resilient development. |
| Date: | 2025–08–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:qasvk_v1 |
| By: | Bhardwaj, Tanush (George Mason University) |
| Abstract: | Climate change continues to escalate, yet the United States still sees limited legislative action due to political polarization and concerns over economic impacts. In contrast, many countries globally have taken pragmatic action, demonstrating the effectiveness of climate legislation when supported by unified political will. Prior studies of the international adoption of climate change legislation have shown that new policies have increasingly been implemented since the turn of the 21st century, with numerous factors affecting the rate of adoption. This study analyzes climate legislation adopted between 2000 and 2022 in European Union and BRICS countries to identify effective frameworks for adoption in the US. The countries were chosen to diversify the sample data by including differing economic drivers and political landscapes. Using a quantitative approach, this analysis consists of 91 multivariate linear regressions, to examine correlations between policy aspects—categorized by instrument, sector, type, and objective—and CO₂ emissions per capita. The models control for GDP per capita, population, fossil fuel percentage, and carbon pricing in order to validate comparison across countries. Findings reveal that policies involving tendering schemes, general legislative measures, low-carbon technology promotion, fuel switching, and climate adaptation are consistently associated with statistically significant reductions in emissions (p-value < 0.05). The results suggest that a data-backed approach can contribute to bipartisan climate policy and highlight policy aspects which reduce emissions while supporting favorable economic outcomes. This research informs a policy proposal tailored to the US to serve as guidance for lawmakers in implementing effective climate policy measures. |
| Date: | 2025–08–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rpqst_v1 |
| By: | Maczulskij, Terhi; Jurvanen, Outi |
| Abstract: | Abstract This paper examines how firms’ environmental performance responds to product- and destination-specific export demand shocks in their export markets. We draw on unique administrative data for Finnish manufacturing firms from 1999 to 2018, matched with national customs records, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy use. The results show that while export demand shocks significantly increase firms’ export volumes and energy consumption, they do not improve overall environmental performance. Specifically, we find no significant effects on carbon intensity or total energy intensity, although fuel intensity declines, particularly in more polluting industries. Heterogeneity and mechanism analyses further reveal that financially weaker firms experience increases in emissions and carbon intensity, suggesting that financial constraints may limit their ability to adopt cleaner technologies. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of firm-level characteristics in shaping the environmental consequences of trade shocks and suggest that export-promotion policies should account for firms’ financial capacities to support green investments and sustainable outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Emissions, Energy expenditure, Energy intensity, Export demand shock, Firm-level, Carbon intensity |
| JEL: | D22 F22 O30 |
| Date: | 2025–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:wpaper:132 |
| By: | Błażej Jendrzejewski; Jan Hagemejer; Katarzyna Zawalińska; Vitaliy Krupin |
| Abstract: | In the era of globalization, international trade policies significantly influence the economic and environmental conditions of countries. As environmental concerns grow, it’s important to understand how these trade policies affect sustainable development and identify the strategies needed to achieve positive outcomes for the climate and environment. This analysis aims to evaluate the impact of international agricultural trade on achieving certain climate and environmental goals, particularly those outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), mainly Goal 13, but also parts of other environment-related goals. We examined the effects of specific trade agreements, considering the current energy and climate policies, using modeling tools to focus on CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions like N2O and CH4. This helps us understand how international trade can reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally and find ways to prevent pollution from simply moving to other regions due to changes in trade. This working paper provides arguments for developing new and improved trade policies that incorporate environmental measures as tools to mitigate climate change. |
| Keywords: | international trade, environmental impact, CO2 emissions, agri-food sector, trade liberalization, carbon border adjustment mechanism |
| JEL: | F18 F64 Q17 Q56 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:worpap:0018 |
| By: | Roy, Nicholas (Resources for the Future); Palmer, Karen (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | On June 11, 2025, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a repeal of the existing Greenhouse Gas Standards and Guidelines for Fossil-Fired Power Plants, hereafter referred to as the Carbon Pollution Standards (CPS). EPA’s repeal is part of the new administration’s deregulatory agenda for the US power sector, whose stated goals are to lower costs and to meet rising electricity demand. The proposed repeal would lead to measurable changes in outcomes for the nation’s electric power sector, especially when assessed in conjunction with the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) and updated electricity demand forecasts.Policymakers and the public alike are paying attention to the action’s likely result of slowing US greenhouse gas emission reductions. In this issue brief, we consider the economic costs of the greenhouse gas emissions unabated due to this repeal and evaluate other costs and benefits for the US population from the proposed repeal using updated data.Indeed, according to our analysis: if the EPA conducted a cost-benefit analysis using updated electricity demand projections and including the electricity tax credit changes from the OBBBA, then the repeal of the CPS would fail a traditional cost-benefit test—even without factoring in the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.With the repeal of the CPS, US residents will likely see:Increases in coal generation of 169–456 TWh by 2040, or 4.8–8.7 times as much coal generation as was expected with the regulations in place.An increase in cumulative CO2 emissions from the power sector by 1.2–5.8 gigatons by 2050.A net increase of 2.1–3.3 percent annually in national average electricity prices from now to 2050. This combines the 1–1.4 percent decrease from CPS repeal with the OBBBA increases of 3.3–4.7 percent over the same period.Net increases in average net household electricity costs of $67–$97 per year in the 2030s, driven by the CPS’s decreases of $19–$24 annually and the OBBBA’s increases of $87–$121 annually over the same time period. However, CPS repeal savings for households increase in the 2040s to $34–$44 annually on average per household over the decade due to coal plants remaining online.Increases in health damages that exceed the savings from lower compliance costs. The climate and health damages from this regulatory repeal will be 4–8 times the savings from reduced compliance costs across the modeled sensitivities. Considering solely the health effects along with the power sector’s financial outcomes, there is a total net cost of $128.9 billion (2024 US dollars) through 2050 to US society in our central case. |
| Date: | 2025–08–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-10 |
| By: | Jhan Andrade Portela (National University of Colombia); Juan Felipe Herrera Sarmiento (National University of Colombia, Università Bocconi); Antoine Godin (AFD - Agence française de développement, ACT - Analyse des Crises et Transitions - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Sakir Devrim Yilmaz (AFD - Agence française de développement); Diego Alejandro Guevara |
| Abstract: | Colombia faces multiple challenges in climate change mitigation and adaptation as well as biodiversity protection, which require significant investments made by the public and private sectors. Using the SFC model presented in Chapter 2, this chapter analyses some of the macroeconomic, fiscal, and external sector impacts of the investments made to meet Colombia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) by 2030, achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, and become more resilient to climate change. The analysis shows that these investments have multiple social, economic, and environmental returns, which allows us to envision these investments beyond a cost narrative. They will however generate short-to-medium-term fiscal and external sector pressures that may become vulnerabilities and transition risks in the absence of appropriate policy responses. A more ambitious policy of structural change is necessary to ensure the viability and sustainability of the transition. The scenarios tested include different financing approaches—ranging from conventional to mixed financing methods—and quantify different rates of decline in fossil fuel exports by 2.5% annually from 2023, alongside a 10% increase in the propensity to export non-traditional goods over a 15-year period. |
| Abstract: | Colombia se enfrenta a múltiples retos en materia de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático, así como de protección de la biodiversidad, que requieren la realización de importantes inversiones por parte de los sectores público y privado. Utilizando el modelo SFC presentado en el Capítulo 2, esta sección analiza algunos de los impactos macroeconómicos, fiscales y externos de las inversiones realizadas para cumplir con la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada (NDC) de Colombia para 2030, lograr la neutralidad de carbono para 2050 y ser más resilientes al cambio climático. El análisis muestra que estas inversiones tienen múltiples beneficios sociales, económicos y ambientales, lo que permite contemplarlas más allá de una narrativa de costes. Sin embargo, generarán presiones fiscales y exteriores a corto y medio plazo que pueden convertirse en vulnerabilidades y riesgos de transición en ausencia de respuestas políticas adecuadas. Es necesaria una política más ambiciosa de cambio estructural para garantizar la viabilidad y la sostenibilidad de la transición. Los escenarios contemplados incluyen distintos enfoques de financiación -desde los métodos convencionales hasta métodos de financiación mixtos- y cuantifican diferentes tasas de caída de las exportaciones de combustibles fósiles en un 2, 5% anual a partir de 2023, junto con un aumento del 10% de la propensión a exportar bienes no tradicionales a lo largo de un periodo de 15 años. |
| Abstract: | La Colombie est confrontée à de multiples défis en matière d'atténuation du changement climatique et d'adaptation à ses effets, ainsi que de protection de la biodiversité, qui nécessitent des investissements importants de la part des secteurs public et privé. À l'aide du modèle SFC présenté au chapitre 2, ce chapitre analyse certains des impacts macroéconomiques, fiscaux et sur le secteur extérieur des investissements réalisés pour atteindre la contribution déterminée au niveau national (CDN) de la Colombie d'ici 2030, parvenir à la neutralité carbone d'ici 2050 et accroître la résilience au changement climatique. L'analyse montre que ces investissements ont de multiples retombées sociales, économiques et environnementales, ce qui nous permet de ne pas uniquement envisager ces investissements sous le prisme des coûts. Ils engendreront toutefois des pressions budgétaires et sectorielles externes à court et à moyen terme, qui pourraient devenir des vulnérabilités et des risques de transition en l'absence de réponses politiques appropriées. Une politique plus ambitieuse de changement structurel est nécessaire pour assurer la viabilité et la durabilité de la transition. Les scénarios testés incluent des variations dans les approches de financement - allant du financement conventionnel au financement mixte - et quantifient différents taux de déclin des exportations de combustibles fossiles de 2, 5 % par an à partir de 2023, ainsi qu'une augmentation de 10 % de la propension à exporter des biens non-traditionnels sur une période de 15 ans. |
| Keywords: | Carbon neutrality, Social inclusion, Colombia, Climate finance, Energy transition, Sustainable development, Climate resilience, Colombie, Neutralité carbone, Développement durable, Résilience climatique, Financement climatique, Inclusion sociale, Transition énergétique |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05208200 |
| By: | Zhou, Weizhong; Liu, Chunlu; Zhou, Yu; Li, Qihui; Wang, Yuanhua |
| Abstract: | As an environmental policy, the Action Plan of Atmosphere Pollution Control in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Surrounding Areas in Autumn and Winter (Action Plan of APC) was implemented in 2017, with the goal of achieving the sustainable growth of the regional economy. This study examines the effect of the Action Plan of APC on green total factor productivity (GTFP) in the Chinese construction industry employing a difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The findings indicate the following: Firstly, the environmental policy of the Action Plan of APC has significantly improved the GTFP of the aforementioned areas, and the result is still valid after robustness testing; secondly, the dynamic effect testing reveals that the influence follows an increasing trend over time; thirdly, due to the different degrees of marketization, the influence of the Action Plan of APC on GTFP in Chinese construction industry exhibits notable regional heterogeneity. From the perspectives of both the government and enterprises, this study offers recommendations for promoting the GTFP of China’s construction industry. It also provides a novel framework for assessing the effect of environmental policies on the GTFP of the Chinese construction industry. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; green growth; GTFP; DID model |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129092 |
| By: | Schreiner, Lena; Beyer, Andreas |
| Abstract: | How does environmental, social and governance regulation of banks affect capital provision to the sustainability transition? As ambitious sustainability targets face funding challenges, the financial sector is tasked with channeling more private capital into sustainable investments. However, scaling sustainable technologies often requires investment in non-ESG-compliant assets. The mobility transition to electric vehicles, for example, demands increased supply of battery raw materials like Lithium, Cobalt, Manganese, and Nickel. This paper analyzes how ESG regulation impacts capital provision to mining companies supplying these materials. Concretely, we assess effects of the European Union’s Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation and of the Taxonomy on banks’ public holdings and cost of capital, using two large, novel data sets. We find that the introduction of the ESG regulations has a dampening effect on banks’ holdings in battery raw material mining companies, in particular those with poor ESG performance. The companies’ cost of capital and lending behavior remain unchanged. JEL Classification: G21, G28, Q50 |
| Keywords: | banking, ESG regulation, lending, public holdings, sustainable finance |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253089 |
| By: | Leonardo Rojas Rodriguez (National University of Colombia. Laboratory (UNAL), Bogotá,); Álvaro Martín Moreno Rivas (National University of Colombia. Laboratory (UNAL), Bogotá,) |
| Abstract: | This chapter presents a general overview of the macroeconomic and environmental characteristics of the Colombian economy. The main thread of the analysis seeks to establish the structural specificities of the economy and the institutional constraints that define the initial conditions for shaping an ordered and sustainable process of decarbonisation of productive activities. This characterisation is fundamental for situating the expectations and objectives of adaptation to climate change in the short, medium, and long term. Taking a holistic view of the transformation processes—which includes adapting different theoretical models—, the responsibilities of institutional actors are evaluated in terms of their use of material and energy resources, as well as their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This evaluation takes place within the framework of structural feasibility for transformation, the limits of which are defined by the three gaps of the economy: the external sustainability gap (growth restricted by the balance of payments); the social gap (the need to overcome levels of inequality and poverty); and the environmental gap (requirements to achieve environmental efficiency targets and fulfil Paris Agreement commitments to reduce GHG emissions by 2030). |
| Abstract: | Ce chapitre présente un aperçu général des caractéristiques macroéconomiques et environnementales de l'économie colombienne. Le fil conducteur de l'analyse vise à établir les spécificités structurelles de l'économie et les contraintes institutionnelles qui définissent les conditions initiales pour façonner un processus ordonné et durable de décarbonisation des activités productives. Cette caractérisation est fondamentale pour situer les attentes et les objectifs d'adaptation au changement climatique à court, moyen et long terme. En adoptant une vision holistique des processus de transformation — qui inclut l'adaptation de différents modèles théoriques —, les responsabilités des acteurs institutionnels sont évaluées en termes d'utilisation des ressources matérielles et énergétiques, ainsi que de leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Cette évaluation s'effectue dans le cadre de la faisabilité structurelle de la transformation, dont les limites sont définies par trois écarts de l'économie : l'écart de durabilité externe (croissance limitée par la balance des paiements) ; l'écart social (la nécessité de surmonter les niveaux d'inégalité et de pauvreté) ; l'écart environnemental (les exigences pour atteindre les objectifs d'efficacité environnementale et respecter les engagements de l'Accord de Paris visant à réduire les émissions de GES d'ici 2030). |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Social inclusion, Climate finance, Sustainable development, Climate resilience, Carbon neutrality, Développement durable, Résilience climatique, Neutralité carbone, Transition énergétique, Inclusion sociale, Financement climatique |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05163818 |
| By: | María de Lourdes Maldonado Méndez (Universidad Autonoma Chapingo); Alejandro Ismael Monterroso Rivas (UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico); Laura Judith Escárraga-Torres (Universidad Autonoma Chapingo); Elizabeth Bustos Linares (UNAL - Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà]); Nicole Sibelet (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Chiapas is a Mexican state that is highly vulnerable to climate change, mainly due to its location in the intertropical zone and socioeconomic conditions. Our objective in this research was to identify the barriers and potentialities of agricultural producers in the Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal region that affect the estimation of their capacity to adapt to climate change. We applied 108 questionnaires to predominantly agricultural, livestock, or forestry producers, and we conducted ten interviews with public officials and agricultural extensionists in each municipality of the region. Through qualitative analysis, each producer was categorized based on the typology of agricultural producers in the context of climate change, and we evaluated 16 indicators. 85 % of the surveyed producers belong to family producers, 56 % belonging to types 1 to 6, considered subsistence family producers with a higher risk due to sensitivity level and exposure to climate change. Natural resources, land security ownership, and diversification of income sources are potentialities of the surveyed producers, while we identified barriers such as deficiencies in human resources, social capital, institutional capacity, and economic resources. |
| Abstract: | Chiapas es un estado de México altamente vulnerable al cambio climático, principalmente por su ubicación en la zona intertropical y por sus condiciones socioeconómicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las barreras y potencialidades de los productores agrícolas de la región Meseta Comiteca Tojolabal, que inciden en la estimación de su capacidad de adaptación al cambio climático. Para ello, se aplicaron 108 cuestionarios a productores predominantemente agrícolas, pecuarios o silvicultores, así como 10 entrevistas a funcionarios públicos y extensionistas agropecuarios de cada municipio de la región. Mediante análisis cualitativo, se categorizó a cada productor con base en la tipología de productores agrícolas en contexto de cambio climático y se evaluaron 16 indicadores. El 85 % de los productores encuestados son productores familiares, de los cuales el 56 % de ellos se encuentran en los tipos 1 al 6, considerados como productores familiares de subsistencia con un mayor riesgo, debido a su nivel de sensibilidad y exposición al cambio climático. Entre las potencialidades de los productores encuestados destacan los recursos naturales, la seguridad y propiedad de la tierra, y la diversificación de fuentes de ingresos; como barreras se identifican la deficiencia de recursos humanos, capital social, capacidad institucional y recursos económicos. |
| Keywords: | Chiapas, Mexique, adaptation aux changements climatiques, impact socioéconomique, changement climatique, système d'exploitation agricole, production agricole, possibilité de production, agriculture familiale, Capacidad de adaptación, Determinantes, Factores, Vulnerabilidad, capacité d'adaptation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182408 |
| By: | Timothée Fouqueray (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Alexandra Langlais (IODE - Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thomas Houet (LETG - Rennes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, LTSER-ZAAr - Zone Atelier Armorique Rennes - RZA - LTSER Réseau des Zones Ateliers - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture both contributes to and suffers from climate disruptions and biodiversity loss. To address these challenges, agricultural practices are evolving, particularly through the agroecological transition, which integrates agronomic and ecological knowledge. However, the land-use dimension – specifically parcel distribution – remains underexplored in research, despite its crucial role in this transition. This article examines the benefits and limitations of farmland exchanges in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preserving biodiversity-friendly habitats, and improving farmers' working conditions. It is based on an analysis of dairy farming in the Zone Atelier Armorique, drawing on interviews with (para-)public agencies responsible for agricultural land management in Ille-et-Vilaine. Combining insights from ecology, geography, and law, the study first highlights how land exchanges support farmers, enhance carbon storage, and benefit species dependent on agricultural landscapes. It then evaluates the various farmland exchange mechanisms available to farmers, assessing their implications for both agricultural livelihoods and environmental sustainability. Finally, the article explores the efficiency, effectiveness, and alignment of land exchanges with territorial agri-environmental policies, positioning them within a systemic, long-term vision of the agroecological transition. The conclusion underscores the need to mobilize multiple land law instruments—including land reserves – and to allocate dedicated funding within agroecological transition budgets. This would support the long-term facilitation of land exchanges by agricultural and environmental organizations. |
| Abstract: | La agricultura contribuye de manera dispar tanto a la biodiversidad como al cambio climático y erosión. En vías de remediar lo anterior, tales prácticas agrícolas evolución en el marco de la transición agroecológica, la cual propone combinar conocimientos agronómicos y ecológicos. En tal contexto, la dimensión de la propiedad/uso de la tierra (distribución y derechos de uso de las parcelas) de estas prácticas ha sido poco explorada, a pesar de su papel decisivo en esta transición. Este artículo examina las ventajas y limitaciones de las transiciones de tierras agrícolas en términos de reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, la preservación de hábitats favorables a la biodiversidad y la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo de los agricultores. El trabajo se sostiene en un análisis de la ganadería lechera en la zona de talleres de Armorique, a partir de entrevistas con los servicios (para) públicos a cargo de las tierras agrícolas en Ille-et-Vilaine. Combinando enfoques de la ecología, geografía y derecho, este estudio presenta las numerosas ventajas de las permutas de tierras agrícolas para los ganaderos, las especies que dependen de ellas y el almacenamiento de carbono. Posteriormente, examina los distintos instrumentos de permuta de tierras entre agricultores a la luz de su impacto sobre estos y el medio ambiente. Finalmente, se analiza la eficiencia, eficacia y vínculo entre las permutas de tierras y las políticas agroecológica a escala local, con vistas a integrarlas en una visión sistémica y a largo plazo en el marco de la transición agroecológica. La conclusión subraya la relevancia de movilizar conjuntamente diferentes herramientas del derecho agrario (incluida la generación de reservas de tierras) e integrar en los presupuestos de la transición agroecológica fondos orientados a la gestión en el largo plazo de las permutas de tierras por parte de las estructuras agrarias y/o medioambientales. |
| Abstract: | L'agriculture contribue aux dérèglements climatiques et à l'érosion de la biodiversité autant qu'elle en subit les conséquences Les pratiques agricoles évoluent pour y remédier, notamment à travers la transition agroécologique qui propose de combiner les savoirs de l'agronomie et de l'écologie. La dimension foncière (distribution et droits d'usage des parcelles) de ces pratiques est peu explorée par la recherche, en dépit de son caractère déterminant pour cette transition. Cet article examine les avantages et limites des échanges de foncier agricole pour la diminution des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et pour le maintien d'habitats favorables à la biodiversité, mais aussi pour les conditions de travail des agriculteurs. Il s'appuie sur l'analyse de l'élevage laitier dans la Zone Atelier Armorique, à partir d'entretiens auprès de services (para-)publics en charge du foncier agricole en Ille-et-Vilaine. Combinant des approches en écologie, en géographie et en droit, cette étude présente dans un premier temps les multiples atouts des échanges de terres agricoles pour les éleveurs, les espèces qui y sont inféodées et le stockage de carbone. Les différents outils d'échanges fonciers entre agriculteurs sont ensuite examinés à la lumière de leurs retombées pour les agriculteurs et pour l'environnement. Enfin, l'article revient sur l'efficience, l'efficacité et le lien des échanges fonciers aux politiques agri-environnementales territoriales pour les inscrire dans une vision systémique et de long-terme de la transition agroécologique. La conclusion souligne l'intérêt de mobiliser conjointement différents outils du droit foncier (dont la constitution de réserves foncières) et d'intégrer aux budgets de la transition agroécologique des crédits dédiés à l'animation à long terme d'échanges fonciers par des structures agricoles et/ou environnementales. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, land politics, sustainability, grazing, spatial practices, agricultura, políticas de suelo, sustentabilidad, pastoreo, prácticas espaciales, aspects politiques du foncier, durabilité, pâturage, pratiques spatiales |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05164929 |
| By: | Congressional Budget Office |
| Abstract: | The agriculture sector emits greenhouse gases (GHGs) through its two main activities: producing crops and managing livestock (including poultry). The sector is the nation's leading source of emissions of GHGs other than carbon dioxide. The accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere contributes to climate change, which affects the economy and the federal budget.In this report, CBO provides an overview of the main components of GHG emissions from agriculture, recent trends in those emissions, and projections of future emissions. |
| JEL: | H23 Q00 Q48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:report:61467 |
| By: | Cathy Yi‐Hsuan Chen (University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Business School; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin); Abraham Lioui (EDHEC Business School); O. Scaillet (Swiss Finance Institute - University of Geneva) |
| Abstract: | Voluntary carbon disclosure collapses into a paradox of green silence: firms choose to disclose emissions based on strategic incentives (e.g., correcting vendor overestimates), while high emitters may exploit vendor estimation bias. Mirroring Heckman sample selection bias, this selfcensorship skews disclosed emissions into non-random samples, distorting climate risk pricing and policy. We bridge economic problem and machine learning, proposing a Heckman-inspired three-step framework in high-dimensional settings to correct for strategic non-disclosure and ensure variable selection consistency in the presence of sample selection bias. By integrating kernel group lasso (KG-lasso) and double machine learning (DML) from neighbouring firms, i.e., using information from carbon next door, we unveil systematic underestimation: empirical analysis of 3444 unique US firms (2010-2023) rejects the null of no selection bias. Our findings indicate that voluntary disclosure induces adverse selection, where green silence rewards polluters and undermines decarbonization. Underestimation translates to a $2.6 billion shortfall in tax revenues and up to $525 billion hidden social cost of carbon. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions, machine learning, sample selection |
| JEL: | C12 C13 C33 C51 C52 C82 Q52 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2566 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Angelos Alamanos; Giannis Arampatzidis; Stathis Devves; Tatiana Pliakou; Christopher Deranian |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate neutrality in Europe is a critical goal, yet there is no model-based assessment detailing the key factors and assumptions of each Member State's National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). Filling that gap, we evaluated 35 NECPs and simulated them together in a single energy-emissions model, creating a consolidated European National Commitments (NC) scenario. We built a LEAP (Low Emissions Analysis Platform) model covering energy consumption and production in the residential, industrial, agricultural, transport (terrestrial, maritime, aviation), and services sectors. For each fuel type and end use, we calculated multi�pollutant greenhouse gas emissions. Under the NC scenario, significant emissions reductions emerge across all sectors by 2050, driven by energy efficiency gains and cleaner fuel mixes. However, achieving these reductions depends on fully implementing 35 NECPs, which vary substantially in their timelines, ambition levels, data granularity, and fuel-trade assumptions. We highlight these inconsistencies and offer policy recommendations tailored by sector, country, and policy frameworks, providing critical insights to ensure a feasible, holistic and equitable transition. |
| Keywords: | National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), Europe, Energy-Emissions, LEAP, Policy Recommendations |
| Date: | 2025–08–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2550 |
| By: | Michel Grimm; Torben Klarl |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a novel methodology to identify temperature surprise shocks for hot and cold extreme weather events using granular ground station- and satellite-based weather data for Germany. We focus on food and energy prices, which are key drivers of inflation in Germany and, at the same time, are themselves strongly affected by climate-related shocks. A positive heat shock of one standard deviation increases food prices by up to 0.39% in summer, while the same type of shock in winter decreases energy prices by 0.88%. Moreover, our results indicate that food prices are driven primarily by supply-side factors, as the interaction of a heat shock with a drought variable amplifies the effect through its impact on agricultural production, whereas energy prices respond mainly to demand-side factors, such as changes in heating and cooling needs. Using our identified weather shocks, we estimate the causal effects of extreme temperatures on these two components and trace their pass-through to headline inflation. These results are robust when accounting for nonlinearities arising from seasonality and shock magnitude, the role of transmission channels such as renewable energy production, droughts, and different learning periods in which agents form expectations from past weather shocks. |
| Keywords: | Weather shock construction, granular weather data, energy prices, food prices, temperature shocks, business cycle, climate change |
| JEL: | C32 E32 E52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:atv:wpaper:2502 |
| By: | Kopits, Elizabeth; Kraynak, Daniel; Parthum, Bryan; Rennels, Lisa; Smith, David; Spink, Elizabeth; Griffiths, Charles; Perla, Joseph; Burns, Nshan; Howerton, Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper takes a step forward in synthesizing recent evidence on estimating climate change damages specific to U.S. populations. We first present the findings from (1) existing global and U.S. models that take an enumerative approach to estimating market and nonmarket damages of climate change, (2) new impact-specific studies that have not yet been incorporated into the larger models, and (3) recent macroeconomic studies that empirically estimate the relationship between climate change and U.S. GDP. We then incorporate damage functions based on the results of these different lines of evidence into a consistent modeling framework to show what this literature implies for U.S. impact-specific social cost of greenhouse gas estimates under harmonized socioeconomic and emissions inputs, climate modeling, and discounting methods. We find that evidence on U.S.-specific damages from existing enumerative type models is still incomplete in the categories of impacts that are represented. Emerging research indicates that some missing categories, such as wildfire damages, are likely to be especially consequential to U.S. populations. Evidence from macroeconomic studies indicates that the U.S. GDP-based market damages from GHG emissions are also substantial. Combining lines of evidence on market and nonmarket damages based solely on the enumerative damage function approach provides preliminary results of U.S.-specific social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) estimates on the order of $40 or more per metric ton of CO2 for 2030 emissions. Combining evidence on GDP-based market damages with evidence on nonmarket health damages (heat- and cold-related mortality) yields U.S.-specific SC-CO2 estimates ranging from $31-85 for 2030 emissions. We discuss the many categories of market and nonmarket impacts omitted from this analysis and highlight the need for more research on climate damages to U.S. populations, not only resulting from individual direct impacts of climate change occurring within U.S. borders, but also through interaction effects and international spillover impacts. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:368258 |
| By: | Roy, Nicholas (Resources for the Future); Burtraw, Dallas (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | This issue brief examines how a small reform to the California carbon market could improve affordability by delivering billions of dollars to harden infrastructure, advance climate goals, and improve affordability in California. This reform kicks in only when allowance prices are low, harvesting emissions reductions when they are low cost.The state’s most impactful efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been sector-specific policies such as building standards, vehicle efficiency standards, the renewable portfolio standard, and other measures. In this context, the cap-and-trade program contributes a numerical carbon budget for covered sectors and generates revenues to the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to fund investments.The cap-and-trade program also improves affordability by lowering cost.Although sector-specific policies have been effective in driving emissions reductions, the average cost per ton reduced by these policies has typically been greater than the cost of emissions reductions under the cap-and-trade program, as identified by the price of an emissions allowance. For instance, the 2022 Scoping Plan estimated average annual cost (2022-2035) per ton of emissions reductions under most regulatory measures would be multiple times greater than the price of an emissions allowance, which represents the marginal cost of emissions reductions motivated by the carbon market. An exception is the zero-emissions vehicle standard, another market-based mechanism, and measures to reduce vehicle miles traveled, which have negative costs.In other words, every emissions reduction motivated by the carbon market represents a cost savings for California.A reform that would further improve the cost effectiveness of California’s climate policy portfolio is the introduction of an Emissions Containment Reserve (ECR), which we describe below, and which exists in other robust carbon markets. We find that in 2023-24, improved market design through the introduction of an Emissions Containment Reserve would have collected nearly $1.5 billion in benefits for ratepayers and the state’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.An ECR would improve the contribution of emissions reductions from the cap-and-trade program in accelerating decarbonization of the state’s economy and boost ratepayer climate dividend and to the state’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund. Moreover, this feature would be triggered only when allowance prices are low and when emissions reductions driven by the carbon market are less expensive than sector specific regulation, contributing in multiple ways to affordability in California. We identify several other benefits of an Emissions Containment Reserve including better alignment of the carbon market with the state’s overall climate policy portfolio, and reduced market uncertainty. |
| Date: | 2025–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-03 |
| By: | Ko, Eunice; Krupnick, Alan (Resources for the Future); Bautista, Eddie; Look, Wesley (Resources for the Future); Robertson, Molly (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The New York Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), and the New York Governor are currently finalizing draft regulations that will determine how an economy-wide emissions cap-and-trade system (also referred to as “NYCI” by the State) will work in New York State. The regulations will influence how much and how equitably greenhouse gas (GHG) and copollutant emissions are reduced. Advocates, such as New York City Environmental Justice Alliance and New York Renews, referring to the program as “cap-trade-and-invest, ” have been calling for guardrails in the program to make sure the State complies with the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (or the “Climate Act”), and that disadvantaged communities (DACs) do not experience more air pollution or slower, lower rates of air quality improvement compared to non-DACs. Advocacy groups have also been calling for regulations that will bolster the amount of program revenue for climate investment and action.Our research to date has analyzed different cap-trade-and-invest policy designs and their corresponding GHG emissions, copollutant emissions, and household cost impacts. Previous work conducted by Resources for the Future (RFF) and New York City Environmental Justice Alliance (NYC-EJA), Krupnick et al. (2024) and Robertson et al. (2024), found that the cap-trade-and-invest program can reduce GHG and copollutant emissions. The research presented in this issue brief shows that guardrails, such as restricted trading, facility-specific caps, and obligating the electricity sector improve air quality for New Yorkers, especially those in DACs. Earlier reports offer more detail on overall emissions changes across the state and generator-level emissions changes in the power sector. Separate air quality modeling from the emissions modeling was needed because the relationship between direct emissions and local air quality is highly affected by complex chemical processes and atmospheric conditions.In this report, we leverage the emissions findings reported in Krupnick et al. (2024) and Robertson et al. (2024) to conduct a robust air quality analysis using a state-of-the-art atmospheric model initially used in Krupnick et al. (2023). Emissions changes in sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, and direct PM2.5 are used to estimate local PM2.5 concentrations at a 4km2 grid resolution. We focus on PM2.5 concentrations because this pollutant is tied directly to health and wellness outcomes, and small changes in concentrations can lead to meaningful impacts on mortality and chronic disease (e.g., asthma) rates (Di et al. 2017; Krewski et al. 2009; Lepuele et al. 2012).This analysis compares tract-level air quality estimates for four policy cases:The Business as Usual (BAU) case, which includes the NY Clean Energy Standard, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) policies, renewable generation mandates, zero emissions vehicle mandates, and other existing policies. In this case, there is no cap-trade-and-invest program.The Electricity not Obligated Case (ENOC), where cap-trade-and-invest is implemented in New York State, but the electricity sector is not covered. Power sector facilities in the state are still required to purchase allowances from the RGGI market.The Full Trading Case (FTC), where cap-trade-and-invest is implemented, electricity is covered under cap-trade-and-invest, and there is full trading across sectors.The Restricted Trading Case (RTC), where cap-trade-and-invest is implemented, electricity is covered under cap-trade-and-invest, and there are sector-specific caps and facility-specific caps on power generators that constrain trading.Our air quality analysis reveals:Each modeled cap-trade-and-invest policy design delivers air quality benefits across a variety of community types in New York State. The greatest air quality improvements for disadvantaged communities and all other communities are delivered by the RTC, and the smallest benefits are delivered by the ENOC.The greatest average air quality improvements in all cases are found in disadvantaged communities, particularly those with high historic air pollution, high vulnerability scores, or high environmental burden scores on the state’s disadvantaged community index.The greatest air quality improvements in all cases are in New York City.In each policy case, a small fraction of tracts experience smaller air quality improvements than those expected in the BAU. The ENOC has the greatest number of tracts with these smaller improvements, while the FTC has the least. |
| Date: | 2024–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-24-10 |
| By: | Roy, Nicholas (Resources for the Future); Burtraw, Dallas (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | As recent events have shown, the impact of climate change on affordability for California households substantially dominates the cost of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. An important opportunity to mitigate emissions exists on natural and working lands. These investments also can improve the state’s resilience to the changing climate. These opportunities are not directly regulated under the carbon market because of the difficulty in monitoring and enforcing regulatory actions. Instead, the market directs investments through the offset program. A potential reform to the offsets program could yield additional hundreds of millions of dollars for the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund to drive further investments. |
| Date: | 2025–01–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-02 |
| By: | Camille Martini (DICE - Droits International, Comparé et Européen - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UTLN - Université de Toulon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ADEME - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie, ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]) |
| Abstract: | While many investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) proceedings based on international investment agreements have dealt, directly or incidentally, with environmental issues, state measures relating to the mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been subject to a small number of reported cases. This article demonstrates that there is a significant gap between the number of investor-state disputes having a direct relevance with climate change, on the one hand, and the number of such cases that have actually raised climate change as a material legal or factual issue. In addition, arbitral tribunals faced with disputes related to measures or sectors that are of direct relevance to climate action have, to date, virtually never engaged in any sort of substantial analysis of international climate change treaties and related instruments, rules, or practices. Against this backdrop, this article will explore ways for arbitrators and parties to ISDS proceedings to better consider the climate regime — in particular, the Paris Agreement and instruments arising therefrom — in ISDS proceedings beyond its current limited role as an element of context. While the literature has mostly focused on integrating climate change concerns in ISDS, this article goes further by exploring how states' international climate obligations could play a greater role in the adjudication of investor-state disputes, including by providing states with a justification for implementing more ambitious regulations as well as tribunals with guidance for interpreting substantive obligations in investment treaties. |
| Abstract: | Un número cada vez más grande de inversores extranjeros recurren a la Solución des Diferendos entre Inversores y Estados (SDIE) para impugnar medidas o cambios en el marco jurídico aplicable a su inversión, adoptados en el contexto de la lucha contra el cambio climático y la adaptación a sus efectos adversos. Como resultado, desde 2016 se ha producido un aumento del número de disputas entre inversores y Estados en los sectores de las energías renovables, los combustibles fósiles, los mercados de carbono y la minería. En este contexto, la próxima ola de SDIE podría apuntar a las medidas de los estados anfitriones destinadas a implementar los objetivos de mitigación y adaptación del Acuerdo de París y, más específicamente, sus contribuciones determinadas a nivel nacional (CDNN), que a su vez podrían obstaculizar los esfuerzos mundiales para combatir los efectos adversos del cambio climático y alcanzar los acuerdos del Acuerdo de París. Al estudiar este fenómeno, esta contribución demuestra, que los tribunales arbitrales nunca, con algunas excepciones, han realizado un análisis sustancial de los tratados internacionales relacionados con el cambio climático. Sostiene además que la integración insuficiente sobre las preocupaciones sobre el cambio climático en el ISDS reflejada en laudos recientes no es inevitable, ya que las partes en los procedimientos y tribunales del ISDS tienen herramientas y precedentes que les permiten recurrir a tratados internacionales e instrumentos jurídicos relacionados con la emergencia climática. |
| Abstract: | Un nombre croissant d'investisseurs étrangers ont recours au règlement des différends investisseur-État (RDIE) pour contester des mesures ou modifications du cadre juridique applicable à leur investissement, adoptées dans un contexte de lutte contre les changements climatiques et d'adaptation à leurs effets néfastes. En conséquence, on assiste, depuis 2016 à une augmentation du nombre de différends entre investisseurs et États dans le secteur des énergies renouvelables, des énergies fossiles, des marchés du carbone ou du secteur minier. Dans ce contexte, la prochaine vague de RDIE pourrait cibler les mesures de l'État hôte visant à mettre en œuvre les objectifs d'atténuation et d'adaptation de l'Accord de Paris et, plus particulièrement, leurs contributions déterminées au niveau national (CDN), ce qui pourrait en ricocher entraver les efforts mondiaux pour lutter contre les effets néfastes du changement climatique et atteindre les objectifs de l'Accord de Paris. En étudiant ce phénomène, la présente contribution démontre que les tribunaux arbitraux ne se sont jamais, à quelques exceptions, livrés à une quelconque analyse substantielle des traités internationaux relatifs au changement climatique. Elle soutient en outre que l'insuffisante intégration des préoccupations liées au changement climatique dans le RDIE reflétée dans des sentences récentes n'est pas une fatalité, dans la mesure où les parties aux procédures de RDIE et les tribunaux disposent d'outils et de précédents leur permettant de recourir aux traités internationaux et instruments juridiques connexes relatifs à l'urgence climatique. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05210880 |
| By: | Sapovadia, Vrajlal |
| Abstract: | This research paper explores the conceptual framework and practical implications of "BioCircular Ports" as a transformative solution for the post-carbon era of international trade. Moving beyond conventional notions of sustainability, BioCircular Ports are envisioned as closed-loop ecosystems that integrate advanced bio-technologies and circular economy principles to minimize environmental impact while maximizing resource efficiency. Key features include integrated aquaponics for local food production, advanced rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling systems for water self-sufficiency, and on-site manufacturing of ship parts from recycled ocean plastics using 3D printing technologies. This paper discusses the potential for BioCircular Ports to revolutionize maritime logistics, reduce carbon footprints, enhance resilience, and create new economic opportunities. Through a detailed literature review, a proposed research methodology, and a discussion of potential challenges and future research directions, this paper aims to lay the groundwork for the development and implementation of these innovative port models. Imagine ports as closed-loop ecosystems—integrating aquaponics, rainwater harvesting, and 3D-printed ship parts from recycled ocean plastic |
| Keywords: | BioCircular Ports, Post-Carbon Trade, Circular Economy, Aquaponics, Rainwater Harvesting, 3D Printing, Ocean Plastic, Maritime Logistics, Sustainable Ports. |
| JEL: | A11 G32 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125230 |
| By: | Godinho, Enzo; Mattos, Beatriz |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of the New Development Bank (NDB) in challenging global financial hierarchies while fostering an ecological transition. The NDB, established by BRICS, has a mechanism of providing development finance in local currency, which could reduce dependency on core currencies like the dollar (USD) and the euro (EUR), offering an alternative for peripheral economies to finance sustainable development. Given the institutionalization of the green economy agenda and the rise of green finance, the paper raises elements to assess the NDB's contribution to the ecological transition through its investment strategy. Our analysis builds on structuralist and dependency theories, identifying three interlinked hierarchies - productive, currency, and environmental - that shape global financial asymmetries. We examine the NDB's project portfolio from 2016 to 2024 and the interplay between the projects' area of operation, currency of funding, and country of implementation. The findings indicate that, while the NDB has made strides in funding sustainable infrastructure, its operations remain largely embedded within dominant currency systems. |
| Keywords: | New Development Bank (NDB), BRICS, Green Finance, Currency Hierarchy, Ecological Transition, Development Finance, Sustainable Infrastructure |
| JEL: | F33 F55 O44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:324644 |
| By: | Elkerbout, Milan (Resources for the Future); Nehrkorn, Katarina (Resources for the Future); Kleimann, David |
| Abstract: | Because countries decarbonize at different rates, leakage—the displacement of emissions as emitters respond to the costs of climate policy—has become a concern (Elkerbout 2024). Leakage is a potential problem in the European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK), where manufacturers face carbon costs through domestic carbon pricing programs but importers of similar goods do not. Even in countries with no domestic carbon price, differences in average carbon intensity between domestic and foreign producers can motivate the introduction of new fees on imports—as with the Republican proposal for a Foreign Pollution Fee Act in the United States.To mitigate the risk of leakage and protect the competitiveness of domestic industries, carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) seek to level costs between domestic and foreign producers. Such policies to address leakage and level the playing field in international trade in turn raise equity concerns. Some imports that might be affected by CBAMs originate in developing countries, including least-developed ones, which are responsible for small shares of global greenhouse gas emissions and negligible shares of historical emissions. This makes CBAMs relevant to fundamental international climate policy governance issues: how to distribute the efforts of cutting global emissions, given widely divergent stages of economic development and historical responsibility across roughly 200 nations. |
| Date: | 2025–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-08 |
| By: | Fitzpatrick, Aoife Claire |
| Abstract: | In 2023, the transportation sector in Europe contributed 25% of CO2 emissions, with almost no reduction since 2010. Despite government policies promoting decarbonization, public adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) remains limited. This study, involving 5, 500 German participants from a pre-registered survey and experiment, identifies information frictions and mixed beliefs about EV sustainability as key barriers. Two treatments-highlighting EVs' environmental benefits and public policies-both increased participants' likelihood of choosing an EV, but only the environmental treatment raised willingness to pay more. The findings underscore the need for clear, accurate information to complement policy efforts, reducing disinformation and amplifying the impact of initiatives to meet climate goals. |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicles, Consumer Behaviour, Behavioural Economics, GreenTransition |
| JEL: | D12 D91 G11 G18 G53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:324654 |
| By: | Rennert, Kevin (Resources for the Future); Ho, Mun (Resources for the Future); Nehrkorn, Katarina (Resources for the Future); Elkerbout, Milan (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Carbon–intensity-based border measures, in which a country imposes tariffs on imported goods according to their carbon emissions from each unit of production, have emerged as a key element of the trade and climate policy conversation in the United States and abroad. Proponents of such measures in the US Congress have cited multiple potential benefits, including supporting domestic competitiveness, reducing emissions in US-consumed goods, and reducing the emissions intensity of domestic manufacturing.There have been few detailed studies of the effects of US border measures based on carbon intensity, despite their current policy relevance and long history in the carbon pricing literature. In part, this is due to inherent challenges in the analysis of such border measures, including limited data on the carbon intensities of products worldwide, the complexity of trade relationships, and the myriad potential responses to such measures by actors throughout the global economy.Here, we use a global economic model to assess the effects of a border measure stylized after the Foreign Pollution Fee Act of 2025 (FPFA) introduced to the 119th Congress by Senators Bill Cassidy (R-LA) and Lindsey Graham (R-SC). The FPFA would impose tariffs on a set of covered products including iron and steel, aluminum, cement, glass, fertilizer, hydrogen, solar products, and long-duration storage, based on their relative carbon intensities compared to US production.We find that the FPFA would:Shift US imports toward countries with lower carbon intensity manufacturing: Imports for covered products are reduced from countries facing the carbon tariffs (e.g. China, Mexico, and India) and increase from countries exempt from the tariffs (e.g. the European Union, United Kingdom, and Japan) due to their lower carbon intensity of manufacturing for those products.Increase US manufacturing of covered products: The carbon tariffs protect US manufacturing of covered products, thereby raising their output: cement (+9.1 percent), aluminum (+7.9 percent), iron and steel (+7.4 percent), metal products (+3.7 percent).Raise revenue: Annual revenues from the policy are projected to be $2.8 billion (in 2024$) in the first year and total $33.3 billion over ten years.Have a minimal effect on global emissions: Changes in trade patterns and increased US manufacturing would reduce the embodied emissions of US imported goods, but reshuffling of global trade for covered products offsets the reduction of US imported emissions. US emissions increase due to greater domestic manufacturing. The net effect is that global emissions are relatively unchanged by the policy.Reduce output in downstream industries: Industries such as construction and transportation equipment manufacturing use covered products as inputs, exposing them to higher costs. US production from such downstream industries is projected to fall by 0.2–2 percent. |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-07 |
| By: | Edenhofer, Ottmar; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Stern, Lennart |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how donor countries can be motivated by self-interest to fund emission reductions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While not solving the broader climate cooperation problem, we propose pragmatic measures that do not require global consensus on future climate risks or binding commitments. We quantify the unilateral benefits for donors - reduced climate damages and improved terms-of-trade from lower fossil fuel prices - resulting from financing fossil fuel demand reductions. To address project-level finance inefficiencies, we introduce jurisdictional reward funds targeting governments, which also generate implicit wealth transfers to LMICs. A self-enforcing coalition of fossil fuel importers, such as the European Union and China, could mobilize USD 66 billion annually for mitigation in LMICs, cutting emissions by 1060 Mt CO₂ per year and transferring USD 33 billion per year. LMICs additionally benefit from USD 78 billion in reduced climate damages and USD 19 billion from lower fuel prices. We explore coalition stability, geopolitical considerations, and how broader tax and reward mechanisms could further improve global climate, forest, and health outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Jurisdictional Reward Funds, tax coalitions, fuel market leakage, global public goods, terms-of-trade effects, demand-side climate policy |
| JEL: | H23 H87 F55 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:324658 |
| By: | Abdullah Al Noman; Hasibul Hassan Siam |
| Abstract: | This study examines the economic social and environmental impacts of electric vehicle adoption in Bangladesh using survey data from 57 respondents and secondary research. Findings show strong public perception of electric vehicles as cost effective with ninety three percent agreement and environmentally beneficial with eighty two point five percent agreement. Electric vehicles have potential to reduce fuel imports lower operational costs and create over fifty thousand jobs by 2030. Socially electric vehicles improve mobility for low income groups with seventy five point four percent agreement and increase safety although adoption remains mostly in urban areas. Environmentally electric vehicles could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by up to thirty percent per kilometre and lower particulate matter levels by twenty to twenty five percent in Dhaka along with a three to five decibel reduction in traffic noise. Main barriers include high purchase costs limited charging infrastructure and low public awareness of policies. Policy recommendations include tax incentives solar powered charging stations and battery recycling regulations. This research concludes that strategic electric vehicle adoption could advance Bangladesh's sustainable transportation economic resilience and public health goals. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.08398 |
| By: | Balakina, Olga; Christiansen, Charlotte; Kallestrup-Lamb, Malene |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how offering sustainable investment options influences sustainable consumption behavior. We combine a natural experiment in which individuals receive an option to switch to a pension plan with a strong sustainability profile with detailed household register data. This sustainable option improves sustainable consumption, as reflected in electric vehicle adoption and reduced vehicle emissions. The effect is primarily driven by individuals who do not choose the sustainable plan. We show that making sustainable investment available can create positive spillover effects on other sustainable behaviors, highlighting the potential of financial tools to support broader societal change. |
| Keywords: | Household finance, sustainable investments, sustainable consumption, pension investments, sustainable pension plans, electric vehicles |
| JEL: | G11 G51 D14 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:324640 |
| By: | Jun Cui |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between human-AI technology integration transformation and green Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in Chinese retail enterprises, with green technology innovation serving as a mediating mechanism. Using panel data comprising 5, 400 firm-year observations from 2019 to 2023, sourced from CNRDS and CSMAR databases, we employ fixed-effects regression models to investigate this relationship. Our findings reveal that human-AI technology integration significantly enhances green ESG performance, with green technology innovation serving as a crucial mediating pathway. The results demonstrate that a one standard-deviation increase in human-AI integration leads to a 12.7% improvement in green ESG scores. The mediation analysis confirms that approximately 35% of this effect operates through enhanced green technology innovation capabilities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger effects among larger firms, state-owned enterprises, and companies in developed regions. These findings contribute to the growing literature on digital transformation and sustainability by providing empirical evidence of the mechanisms through which AI integration drives environmental performance improvements in emerging markets. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.03057 |
| By: | Domeshek, Maya (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | In November of 2023, the governor of Michigan signed a package of climate bills (Executive Office of the Governor 2023) that sets a 100 percent clean electricity target for 2040, one of the earliest in the United States (CESA n.d.). In 2020, the governor issued an executive order setting a goal for the state to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 (Executive Directive 2020-10 2019); in 2022, the MI Healthy Climate Plan was released, outlining actions the state could take by 2030 to work toward that goal (EGLE 2022). The state’s largest investor-owned utilities had previously set voluntary decarbonization targets: DTE for 2050 (DTE Energy 2019) and Consumers Energy for 2040 (Consumers Energy 2020). Fall 2023’s legislative package included six pieces of legislation: SB 271 on clean electricity, HB 5120 on renewables permitting, SB 277 on siting solar on farmland, SB 273 on efficient electrification, SB 519 on helping workers transition out of the fossil sector, and SB 502 on the utility integrated resource planning (IRP) process. This brief compares the provisions of the legislation with the state’s existing plan and utility plans to evaluate the progress the state has made toward institutionalizing electricity decarbonization. |
| Date: | 2024–07–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-24-07 |
| By: | Chetana Chaudhuri (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Subrata Rath (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Ujala Kumari (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Sanjib Pohit (National Council of Applied Economic Research); Soumi Roy Chowdhury (Institute of Rural Management Anand) |
| Abstract: | AIndia has pledged to reach net zero emissions by 2070, and set an ambitious renewable energy (REN) target of 500 GW from non-fossil sources by 2030. At present, total RENbased electricity generation capacity in India is 220.10 GW (31 March 2025). To achieve its climate goals, it is essential for India to strengthen its REN sector at both the national and subnational levels to harness its potential. In this paper, we analyse public sector expenditure on the REN sector, and discuss the public finance strategies adopted by states, their utilisation rates, and priorities in public expenditure in terms of schemes and subsidies related to REN. Based on our analysis we have formulated recommendations for the 16th Finance Commission. We have estimated the amount of green grants for states, taking into account the potential and progress in various REN sectors across states. We also discuss the challenges and list short-term recommendations (the low-hanging fruit) and long-term recommendations to enhance states’ performance in achieving the targets of the green transition. Our analysis shows that while fore-runner states in terms of public expenditure on REN, like Chhattisgarh, prioritise subsidies for solar pumps, Gujarat demonstrates a more diversified approach, investing in large-scale solar-wind hybrid parks, microgrids, and decentralised systems. In contrast, Rajasthan, despite its high renewable potential, spends a very small share of its budget on REN. Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura, and Jammu & Kashmir have no identifiable budgeted spending for REN through public finances, while Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, and Telangana spend a miniscule amount from their budgets (less than 0.01%) on REN. The majority of the states spend more on revenue than on capital, resulting in the lack of asset creation and infrastructural support in this sector. States also suffer from poor fiscal planning. Haryana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, and Maharashtra spend significantly on subsidies for renewables, while Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand, though providing subsidies on other components of the energy sector, do not report giving subsidies for REN. These differences underscore the need for strategic, well-targeted financing that aligns state actions with their technical and economic potential. Renewable energy technologies are highly capital-intensive with substantial upfront costs. Both government entities and other financial lenders have a back-log of nonperforming assets (NPAs), and the uncertainty of investments returns in this sector makes long-term financing stressful. The financial health of DISCOMs and the lack of green priority specifications in financial frameworks add to the problem. The REN sector, being at a nascent stage of development, also faces substantial operational and institutional challenges like land acquisition, technical and regulatory barriers to solar rooftop panels, poor transmission infrastructure, policy misalignments between central and state governments, and so on. A lack of awareness which creates resistance to the adoption of REN and land-use conflicts are also concerns. To overcome these challenges, this study includes a list of recommended financial incentives, and infrastructural and regulatory support, and an approach toward public expenditure on this sector. Our study suggests that to meet the government REN target of installed capacity of 500GW by 2030, the Finance Commission needs to provide green energy grants to states. We estimate that, considering the potential, installed capacity, and present trend in spending on new energy and REN, the average yearly grant requirement for all states would be around Rs. 14, 064 crore over the next five years to reach this target. Given the high risks and low returns in this sector, public investment must lead the way. Keywords: Public Financing of Renewable Energy, Finance Commission, Green Grants, Challenges in Renewable Energy Sector |
| Keywords: | Public Financing of Renewable Energy, Finance Commission, Green Grants, Challenges in Renewable Energy Sector |
| JEL: | H30 H61 H71 H72 H77 |
| Date: | 2025–08–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nca:ncaerw:186 |
| By: | Lihua Liu; Yi Chen; Mingli Xu |
| Abstract: | Executive accountability is increasingly viewed as a critical mechanism for improving corporate environmental performance, especially in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that dominate high-emission sectors such as energy, infrastructure, and heavy industry. This study examines whether China's Accountability System for Irregular Operations and Investments (ASIOI) curbs environmental violations in SOEs. Exploiting the staggered regional implementation of ASIOI as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that the policy leads to a significant reduction in SOE environmental misconduct. Drawing on a criminology-based cost-benefit framework, we identify three underlying mechanisms: strengthened internal controls, increased green investment, and enhanced green innovation. Further analyses reveal that the deterrent effect of ASIOI is more pronounced in SOEs that exhibit weaker regulatory oversight and stronger incentives to commit violations. By focusing on politically embedded SOEs, this study shows how accountability mechanisms can catalyze proactive green transformation, enhancing the strategic role of public governance in sustainability transitions. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.08797 |
| By: | Agnieszka Kulesa |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global problem – it requires the cooperation of countries all over the world and the implementation of sustainable development concepts. In mBank-CASE Seminar Proceedings no. 177 authors describe the ways selected Polish regions tackled the challenges of transition towards sustainable energy. Agnieszka Kulesa, Vice-President of CASE Management Board, focuses on Lusatia, Upper Nitra and Greater Poland and the way these regions handled the transition, highlighting the role of lignite mining. Aleksandra Gawlikowska-Fyk, Energy Forum expert and director of the Electricity comments on Agnieszka’s findings. Next chapters focus on the way two cities in Poland managed to make their way through an energy transition: Konin – described by Piotr Korytkowski, Its President, and Wałbrzych – by Andrzej Kosiór, Head of the Strategic Management Office. |
| Keywords: | energy transition, lignite, Greater Poland, Upper Nitra, Lusatia, Lower Silesia, Konin region, local government |
| JEL: | P28 Q32 |
| Date: | 2024–08–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:mbanks:0177 |
| By: | Santiago Barbosa Naranjo (Universidad del Rosario [Bogota]); Antoine Godin (AFD - Agence française de développement, ACT - Analyse des Crises et Transitions - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gustavo Adolfo Hernandez Diaz (National University of Colombia); Guilherme Riccioppo Magacho (AFD - Agence française de développement, CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Yehison Mejia Ascanio (National University of Colombia); Annabelle Moreau Santos (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | Based on input-output matrices, the final chapter explores Colombia's structural dynamics in the light of the low-carbon transition. It first examines the openness of the economy and the productive matrix, highlighting how premature deindustrialisation has historically affected the country. The results indicate uneven structural changes between sectors, with significant transformations in the industrial sector under the influence of globalisation and the need to substitute domestic inputs, leading to a weakening of production chains and a reduction in economic complexity. Demand was the driving force behind production growth, hampered by limited technological progress and import substitution. Next, the chapter uses a sectoral perspective to highlight the country's current challenges in reducing GHG emissions, highlighting the fiscal, external, and socio‑economic vulnerabilities affecting its decarbonisation efforts. Results show that Colombia is indeed exposed to transition risks, with almost 20% of the wage bill depending on sunset industries. Furthermore, about 60% of foreign currency revenue and 20% of fiscal revenue come directly from oil and coal, making it vulnerable in both external and fiscal dimensions. Agriculture, agribusiness, and tourism could partly reduce the negative impacts of decarbonisation and help secure economic stability, moving away from dependence on oil and coal. |
| Abstract: | Basándose en las matrices de insumo-producto, el último capítulo analiza la dinámica estructural de Colombia a la luz de la transición hacia una economía baja en carbono. En primer lugar, examina la apertura de la economía y la matriz productiva, destacando cómo la desindustrialización prematura ha afectado históricamente al país. Los resultados indican cambios estructurales desiguales entre sectores, con transformaciones significativas en el sector industrial bajo la influencia de la globalización y la necesidad de sustituir insumos nacionales, lo que ha llevado a un debilitamiento de las cadenas de producción y a una reducción de la complejidad económica. La demanda ha impulsado el crecimiento de la producción, obstaculizado por el limitado progreso tecnológico y la sustitución de importaciones. A continuación, el capítulo utiliza una perspectiva sectorial para resaltar los retos actuales del país en la reducción de las emisiones de GEI, destacando las vulnerabilidades fiscales, externas y socioeconómicas que afectan a sus esfuerzos de descarbonización. Los resultados muestran que Colombia está realmente expuesta a los riesgos de transición, ya que casi el 20% de la masa salarial depende de las industrias en declive. Además, cerca del 60% de los ingresos en divisas y el 20% de los ingresos fiscales proceden directamente del petróleo y el carbón, lo que la hace vulnerable tanto en la dimensión externa como en la fiscal. La agricultura, la agroindustria y el turismo podrían reducir en parte los efectos negativos de la descarbonización y contribuir a garantizar la estabilidad económica alejándose de la dependencia del petróleo y el carbón. |
| Abstract: | Basé sur des matrices entrées-sorties, le dernier chapitre s'intéresse aux dynamiques structurelles de la Colombie à l'aune de la transition bas carbone. Il examine d'abord l'ouverture de son économie et de sa matrice productive, en soulignant l'impact qu'a eu, historiquement, la désindustrialisation prématurée du pays. Les résultats indiquent des changements structurels inégaux entre les secteurs, avec des transformations significatives dans le secteur industriel sous l'influence de la mondialisation et de la nécessité de substituer des intrants nationaux, ce qui a entraîné un affaiblissement des chaînes de production et une réduction de la complexité économique. La demande a été le moteur de la croissance de la production, entravée par des progrès technologiques limités et la substitution des importations.Ensuite, le chapitre adopte une perspective sectorielle pour mettre en évidence les défis actuels du pays en matière de réduction des émissions de GES, en soulignant les vulnérabilités fiscales, externes et socio-économiques qui affectent ses efforts de décarbonisation. Les résultats montrent que la Colombie est effectivement exposée aux risques de transition, près de 20 % de la masse salariale dépendant des industries en déclin. En outre, environ 60 % des recettes en devises et 20 % des recettes fiscales proviennent directement du pétrole et du charbon, ce qui rend le pays vulnérable à la fois sur le plan extérieur et sur le plan fiscal. L'agriculture, l'agro-industrie et le tourisme pourraient en partie réduire les impacts négatifs de la décarbonisation et contribuer à garantir la stabilité économique, en s'éloignant de la dépendance au pétrole et au charbon. |
| Keywords: | Carbon neutrality, Social inclusion, Colombia, Climate finance, Energy transition, Sustainable development, Climate resilience, Transition énergétique, Inclusion sociale, Financement climatique, Résilience climatique, Développement durable, Neutralité carbone, Colombie |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05209518 |
| By: | Antoine Godin (AFD - Agence française de développement, ACT - Analyse des Crises et Transitions - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Sakir Devrim Yilmaz (AFD - Agence française de développement); Jhan Andrade Portela (National University of Colombia); Diego Alejandro Guevara |
| Abstract: | Based on the analysis of three scenarios of oil and coal exports over the period 2023–2050, this chapter highlights the greater macroeconomic and financial fragility that the global low-carbon transition (and subsequent decline in demand for fossil fuels) may entail for the Colombian economy. The decline in fossil fuel exports will deeply affect Colombia's real and external sectors and deteriorate its fiscal and financial conditions. Ensuring a constant stream of international flows can help mitigate the negative impacts of the global transition in the long term. Still, the main driver of a recovery lies in industrial policy. Colombia will need to reduce its import dependency and diversify its exports (increasing the export base with sophisticated and higher value-added goods and services)—which will require coordinated actions between industry, finance, and the government. Implementing these policies early is a priority, since such structural transformations take time to materialise. |
| Abstract: | A partir del análisis de tres escenarios de exportaciones de petróleo y carbón simulados entre 2023-2050, este capítulo subraya la mayor fragilidad macroeconómica y financiera que la transición mundial hacia una economía de bajo carbono (y la subsiguiente reducción de la demanda de combustibles fósiles) podría implicar para la economía de Colombia. La disminución de las exportaciones de combustibles fósiles afectará profundamente a los sectores real y exterior del país y deteriorará sus condiciones fiscales y financieras. Asegurar un volumen constante de flujos internacionales puede ayudar a mitigar los impactos negativos de la transición global a largo plazo. Aun así, el principal motor de la recuperación reside en la política industrial. Colombia tendrá que reducir su dependencia de las importaciones y diversificar sus exportaciones (aumentando la base exportadora con bienes y servicios sofisticados y de mayor valor añadido), lo que requerirá acciones coordinadas entre la industria, las finanzas y el gobierno. La aplicación temprana de estas políticas es prioritaria, ya que estas transformaciones estructurales tardan en materializarse. |
| Abstract: | Sur la base de l'analyse de trois scénarios d'exportations de pétrole et de charbon sur la période 2023-2050, ce chapitre met en évidence la plus grande fragilité macroéconomique et financière que la transition mondiale vers une économie bas carbone (et le déclin subséquent des combustibles fossiles) pourrait entraîner pour l'économie colombienne. Le déclin des exportations de combustibles fossiles affectera profondément les secteurs réel et extérieur de la Colombie et détériorera ses conditions fiscales et financières. La garantie d'un volume constant de flux internationaux peut contribuer à atténuer les effets négatifs de la transition mondiale à long terme. Toutefois, le principal moteur de la reprise réside dans la politique industrielle. La Colombie devra réduire sa dépendance à l'égard des importations et diversifier ses exportations (en augmentant la base d'exportation avec des biens et services sophistiqués et à plus forte valeur ajoutée) – ce qui nécessitera des actions coordonnées entre les secteurs l'industriels, financiers et le gouvernement. La mise en oeuvre rapide de ces politiques est une priorité, car ces transformations structurelles prennent du temps pour se concrétiser. |
| Keywords: | Climate resilience, Sustainable development, Energy transition, Carbon neutrality, Social inclusion, Climate finance, Colombia, Développement durable, Neutralité carbone, Colombie, Transition énergétique, Inclusion sociale, Financement climatique, Résilience climatique |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05208165 |
| By: | Erbaugh, James Thomas; Duncan, Hannah Jane; Tas, Emcet Oktay; Myers, Rodd; Octifanny, Yustina; Harjanthi, Rahayu; Damayanti, Ellyn K.; Agrawal, Arun |
| Abstract: | The success of climate adaptation and mitigation often depends on support from local communities. Yet, it remains unclear what strategies are most effective to inform and activate support for climate action. This paper presents the results of a randomized controlled trial in Indonesia that evaluated how local climate information and different facilitation strategies for group decision-making on local development spending impacted preferences for climate adaptation and mitigation. In the first treatment, participants watched an educational video on climate change and a presentation on local climate vulnerabilities; in the second, they discussed and voted on spending priorities for local development funds after receiving the same educational materials; and in the third, they deliberated over group spending priorities after receiving the educational materials, discussing, and voting. The findings show that participants who engaged in deliberation about the allocation of local funding demonstrated significantly greater support for climate adaptation and mitigation actions as compared to all other groups. Further, they showed a statistically significant increase in their preferences for climate action after the intervention. The findings demonstrate the importance of sharing accessible information and using deliberative approaches to foster local support for climate action. |
| Date: | 2025–08–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11187 |
| By: | Admire Tarisirayi Chirume; James Hurungo; Brandon Aaron Chinoperekweyi |
| Abstract: | This study explores the effects of climate shocks on South Africas macroeconomic stability and monetary policy dynamics through a simulation-based dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. It incorporates climate variability as a key factor influencing inflation expectations, output and other macroeconomic variables. The paper examines how climate-induced disruptions such as changes in agricultural productivity, natural disasters and environmental conditions affect inflation, employment, exchange rates and interest rates over a 50-year horizon (20252075). The findings reveal that climate variability significantly affects inflation expectations and economic output, necessitating adaptive monetary policies that incorporate climate risks. The study underscores the importance of integrating climate considerations into macroeconomic frameworks to enhance the resilience of South Africas economy, emphasising policy measures such as interest rate adjustments, climate-informed inflation targeting and long-term strategic planning to mitigate climate-related economic disruptions. |
| Date: | 2025–08–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11087 |
| By: | Davit Narmania (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Eka Chokheli (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Manana Kharkheli (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Mikheil Makasarashvili (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Giorgi Morchiladze (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Shorena Davitaia (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University); Nino Vardiashvili (Management and Administration Department, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University) |
| Abstract: | Energy security, which in its essence implies the ability to provide reliable, sustainable, and affordable energy, is a pressing global challenge of the modern era. Geopolitical instability, problems in the supply of energy resources and processes caused by climate change have made it a critical priority on the global agenda and forced countries to reconsider their energy strategies. Dependence on fossil fuels carries high risks, given supply difficulties, price volatility, and adverse environmental impacts. Accordingly, governments and industries are trying to develop modern approaches, which include diversification of energy sources, increasing the share of renewable energy, digitalization of energy infrastructure, development of predictive models for risk assessment, innovation, and greater investment in the creation of new, more sustainable systems. Increasing attention is being paid to the development of smart grids, energy storage systems and cross-border energy interconnections. Steps taken in this direction make energy networks more secure and provide flexible solutions in various critical situations.Artificial intelligence is driving significant changes in the field of energy security. Its role is particularly important in energy demand forecasting, optimizing energy distribution, identifying causes of disruptions, and mitigating failures in the event of supply disruptions. Alongside the growth of digitization, cyber threats are also on the rise, representing a major challenge in the field of energy security. Strengthening cybersecurity measures is essential to prevent potential attacks on energy networks. To ensure a secure and sustainable energy future, it is necessary to strengthen global cooperation, which includes both political and technological innovations. The aim of this article is to examine contemporary trends and approaches in energy security, analyze existing challenges, and emphasize the necessity of innovation and international cooperation in ensuring energy security, as the synergy of technological innovations, political reforms, and international collaboration is crucial for effectively addressing energy challenges. |
| Keywords: | Energy security, Energy diversification, Innovations |
| JEL: | Q40 Q42 Q48 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:15216678 |
| By: | Kakeu, Justin (Resources for the Future); Ziegler, Ethan (Resources for the Future); Holmes, Brandon (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is the leading environmental cause of death and disease globally (Wright and Pant, 2024). In 2021, household and ambient air pollution was the second leading risk factor for premature death, killing over 8.1 million people (Health Effects Institute 2024). Even in an energy-intensive world, many of these deaths are avoidable and can be prevented through the proper understanding and regulation of pollutants.Although PM₂.₅ and ozone are considered to be the deadliest pollutants, there are hundreds of pollutants that can be harmful to human health (Ingram 2024). Currently, governmental bodies and policies take a fragmented approach to the research and regulation of these pollutants; different departments regulate different pollutants, and pollutants are studied and regulated independent of one another (Greenbaum and Shaikh 2010). This fragmentation in regulation includes cap-and-trade systems, which are used to manage the emissions of different pollutants such as CO₂, SO₂, and NO₂.This issue brief will explore the concept of implementing a multipollutant cap-and-trade program, as opposed to the traditional single-pollutant model. This system would provide heterogeneous firms with a variety of emission permits to choose from, each representing a specified bundle of pollutants. Such a model would allow governments to regulate the total amount of each pollutant emitted while simultaneously accounting for the effects of pollutant interactions. While this issue brief focuses on the potential for a multipollutant cap-and-trade model, it is important to note that cap and trade is not the only regulatory strategy available. Direct command-and-control regulations—such as setting specific technology standards or emission limits for pollutants—also provide a pragmatic starting point (Stavins 2004). In fact, given the technical and institutional complexities involved in multipollutant assessment, establishing robust command-and-control frameworks may serve as a foundation from which a transition to a market-based multipollutant cap-and-trade system could be built over time.This issue brief is associated with an accompanying working paper about the detailed structure of a multipollutant permit model (Kakeu 2025). Despite the technical and institutional barriers that have hindered the adoption of multipollutant regulations in recent history, there are many benefits associated with transitioning to multipollutant frameworks. This goes beyond replacing single-pollutant cap-and-trade systems with multipollutant ones; an overall restructuring of the methodologies, communication, research, and action on and about the health effects of air pollution to a more holistic perspective is imperative. |
| Date: | 2025–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-09 |
| By: | Prest, Brian C. (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The US government leases a substantial amount of federally owned lands for oil and gas development, accounting for approximately 12 percent of national oil production and 11 percent of national natural gas production in 2023, not counting production in offshore US waters. Yet approaches to the oil and gas federal leasing can vary widely between administrations. For example, under the Trump administration, oil and gas leasing ranged from 1.1 million acres to 2.2 million acres per year, compared to a range of 75, 000 to 249, 000 acres under the Biden administration (figures corresponding to fiscal years 2017–2020 and 2021–2023, respectively). Actions to expand or restrict the federal land available for lease in a given year can clearly affect fossil fuel production and global greenhouse gas emissions in the long run, but assessments of such effects have been limited due to inherent complexities and substantial uncertainty. Estimating the effects of expanded oil and gas leasing is important to inform broader policy deliberations around energy policy and permitting reform. In this issue brief, I model the global emissions consequences of a sustained expansion of federal leasing at peak levels from the last decade. The goal of this research is to provide a bounding analysis, estimating the uncertainty range for a high leasing case based solely on authorities within the existing scope of the executive branch. This analysis specifically does not estimate the emissions effects of onshore oil and gas provisions in the recently introduced Energy Permitting Reform Act of 2024 (EPRA). The onshore oil and gas provisions in EPRA are likely to have a more modest effect on emissions than the high leasing scenario analyzed here (see Discussion).This issue brief builds on past research (e.g., Prest et al. 2024; Prest 2022) to estimate the magnitude of emissions increases from a sustained expansion of oil and gas leasing on federal lands. Evaluating the emissions effects of expanded leasing is particularly challenging, as it involves understanding the anticipated effect of lease sales on oil and gas drilling on federal lands; the resulting increase in federal oil and gas production; the amount of production “leakage, ” meaning partial substitution of production between federal lands and other sources of supply; and the greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the net increase in global oil and gas consumption. The central estimate suggests that perpetually expanded oil and gas leasing on federal lands at annual rates consistent with the fastest pace of leasing over the past decade would increase cumulative global greenhouse gas emissions by 1.2 gigatons (billion metric tons) of CO2 equivalent (GtCO2e) over 2024–2050, under a 100-year global warming potential (GWP). For reference, this 1.2 GtCO2e value corresponds to approximately 43 million tons CO2e per year over that 27-year window, or about 0.1 percent of current annual global greenhouse gas emissions. This increase is relative to a business-as-usual (BAU) baseline of about half that amount of leasing. An extensive set of sensitivity analyses suggests that emissions increases are highly unlikely to be outside the 0.6 to 2.1 GtCO2e range. On a territorial emissions accounting basis, US emissions account for approximately 0.2 GtCO2e of the global increase of 1.2 GtCO2e estimated in the central case. This analysis covers onshore development on federal lands and does not consider the potential impacts of expanded offshore development, which accounts for another 14 percent of national US oil production and 2 percent of national gas production. |
| Date: | 2024–09–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-24-09 |
| By: | Prest, Brian C. (Resources for the Future); Krupnick, Alan (Resources for the Future); Wingenroth, Jordan (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Long one of the world’s largest natural gas producers, the United States has now leaned into exporting the fuel overseas in the form of liquefied natural gas, or LNG. US LNG exports rose from less than 0.1 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) in 2015 to nearly 12 Bcf/d in 2023. The United States has now surpassed Australia and Qatar as the world’s largest LNG exporter.Following a year-long pause in approvals of new LNG export permits, in December 2024 the Department of Energy (DOE) published “Energy, Economic, and Environmental Assessment of U.S. LNG Exports” (DOE 2024), a report assessing the consequences of continued increases in US LNG exports out to 2050. On January 21, 2025, the newly inaugurated Trump administration lifted the permitting pause and extended the window for submitting public comment on the report through March 20. This still-live report estimates how an expansion of US LNG exports would affect domestic energy prices and global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, along with many other economic and societal outcomes. Other views on the matter include an analysis by S&P Global (Yergin et al. 2024).The complex modeling needed to make predictions necessarily requires many assumptions, some of which are subject to critique and debate. Rather than taking on the entire DOE report, we focus on four aspects of the modeling effort: (i) methane emissions that leak from the gas supply chain, (ii) impacts on US natural gas prices, (iii) projections of the highly uncertain future global demand for US LNG, and (iv) how energy consumers may substitute between LNG imports and other energy sources. Where appropriate, we also compare our findings with the S&P Global report. |
| Date: | 2025–03–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-05 |
| By: | Aguilera, Florencia; Reyes, René; Schueftan, Alejandra; Zerriffi, Hisham; Sanhueza, Rafael |
| Abstract: | Fuelwood consumption in the residential sector has been widely studied worldwide, being family income and other socio-demographic variables commonly identified as its major drivers. In this review, we questioned these findings by including people's preferences/perceptions and context-specific variables in the analysis, and their joint effect on households' energy choices. For this purpose, we performed a meta-analysis based on an econometrical model covering 69 studies (228 observations) on fuelwood consumption and energy transition. We conclude that people's preferences/perceptions have been undervalued in comparison to socioeconomic variables, which are more easily measured by using surveys –or they are already included in preexisting datasets-, especially when researchers are not familiar with local sociocultural and environmental contexts (traditions, status, and worldviews, among others). When people's preferences/perceptions are included in models, the commonly detected effects of gender and family income on energy transition significantly decrease, while the effect of people's schooling remains. This opens the discussion whether it is correct to tackle the dilemma about residential fuelwood consumption through policies that are based on variables like income, instead of more seriously trying to understand local contexts, and also it highlights the role that people's schooling has on energy transition beyond economic aspects. If we take into account that people's decisions about energy includes highly behavioral elements on the personal and household levels, shaped by education, we will be able to develop targeted public policies that allow for a more sustainable use of energy in the residential sector. |
| Keywords: | cooking stoves; energy transition; fuelwood; household energy consumption; logit; traditional fuels |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:124605 |
| By: | Marie Arnold; Jonathan Brandt; Geert Tjarks; Anna Vanselow; Richard Hanke-Rauschenbach |
| Abstract: | A key factor in reducing the cost of green hydrogen production projects using water electrolysis systems is to minimize the degradation of the electrolyzer stacks, as this impacts the lifetime of the stacks and therefore the frequency of their replacement. To create a better understanding of the economics of stack degradation, we present a linear optimization approach minimizing the costs of a green hydrogen supply chain including an electrolyzer with degradation modeling. By calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen depending on a variable degradation threshold, the cost optimal time for stack replacement can be identified. We further study how this optimal time of replacement is affected by uncertainties such as the degradation scale, the load-dependency of both degradation and energy demand, and the costs of the electrolyzer. The variation of the identified major uncertainty degradation scale results in a difference of up to 9 years regarding the cost optimal time for stack replacement, respectively lifetime of the stacks. Therefore, a better understanding of the degradation impact is imperative for project cost reductions, which in turn would support a proceeding hydrogen market ramp-up. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.16370 |
| By: | Michalis Chondros; Andreas Papadimitriou; Anastasios Metallinos; Vasiliki Chalastani; Conrad Landis; Dimitris Spyrou; Chrysi Laspidou; Phoebe Koundouri; Vasiliki Tsoukala |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the impact of climate change on mean annual wave agitation and berth downtime at two major Eastern Mediterranean ports: the Port of Piraeus, Greece, and the Port of Limassol, Cyprus. Using high-fidelity numerical modeling under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) up to 2100, changes in wave agitation within the port basins are evaluated, both with and without accounting for Sea Level Rise (SLR). Results indicate that climate change will not lead to a uniform increase in wave agitation; rather, outcomes vary depending on the adopted RCP scenario, time period, and specific location within each port basin. While SLR does not significantly alter mean annual wave agitation, its contribution is evident as a slight increase in agitation compared to scenarios excluding SLR. Regarding mean annual berth downtime, more exposed berths in both ports are projected to face significant increases. The influence of SLR on downtime is inconsistent, especially at the Port of Piraeus, where it may increase, decrease, or have negligible effects depending on location. These findings highlight the complex interplay between wave dynamics, local geomorphology, and port infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of port-specific climate resilience assessments. |
| Keywords: | wave agitation, numerical modelling, climate change, sea level rise, port basin, berth down time, port operability |
| Date: | 2025–08–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2551 |
| By: | Balleer, Almut; Hirsch, Michael; Nöller, Marvin |
| Abstract: | We present evidence that air pollution negatively affects current well-being. To do so, we create a new dataset, matching particulate matter concentration at the exact day and location with individual-level survey responses about current life satisfaction. The panel structure of our data allows us to overcome several identification challenges in the literature. Additionally, we show how aggregation of air pollution across time and space mis-measures the relevant exposure. Our results further suggest that air pollution affects current well-being mostly through negative emotions like sadness or worry. We estimate the willingness to pay for clean air that refers to the direct, immediate effects of air pollution and can be mapped well to economic models. |
| Abstract: | Luftverschmutzung beeinflusst das aktuelle Wohlbefinden negativ. Wir zeigen dies anhand eines neuen Datensatzes, in dem wir die Feinstaubkonzentration an einem bestimmten Tag und Ort mit individuellen Umfrageantworten zur aktuellen Lebenszufriedenheit abgleichen. Dank der Panelstruktur unserer Daten können wir hierbei mehrere Identifikationsprobleme aus der Literatur überwinden. Wir zeigen zudem, wie die Aggregation von Luftverschmutzung über Zeit und Raum zu einer falschen Messung der relevanten Belastung führt. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Luftverschmutzung das aktuelle Wohlbefinden vor allem durch negative Emotionen wie Traurigkeit oder Sorgen beeinflusst. Darüber hinaus schätzen wir die kurzfristige Zahlungsbereitschaft für saubere Luft, die gut in ökonomische Modelle überführt werden kann. |
| Keywords: | Subjective well-being, air pollution, willingness to pay, compensating variation |
| JEL: | H41 I31 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:324660 |
| By: | Elmallakh, Nelly Youssef Louis William; Faures, Diego; Gatti, Roberta V.; Islam, Asif Mohammed |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of negative precipitation shocks (droughts) on labor markets in the Middle East and North Africa region. Using Labor Force Survey data across five countries over approximately 25 years and matched with fifth generation of atmospheric reanalysis produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts hourly climate data, the study finds that droughts affect labor market outcomes at both the extensive and intensive margins. A negative precipitation shock is associated with a 1 percentage point increase in unemployment and a 4.4 percent reduction in weekly hours worked for both men and women. The results are driven by urban areas, highlighting that the labor market effects of extreme weather events may extend beyond their impact on the agriculture sector and rural areas. However, extreme weather events do negatively affect a subset of the rural population—young women—by increasing unemployment. The findings provide crucial empirical evidence on the socioeconomic costs of climate variability, underscoring the need for targeted policies that address these impacts in urban settings. |
| Date: | 2025–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11191 |
| By: | De Simone, Lorenzo; Fahad, Muhammad; De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Cabrera Cevallos, Carlos Esteban; Ondieki, Vivian |
| Abstract: | This working paper introduces the Crop Potential Productivity Index (CropPI), a global index that integrates Earth Observation Big Data with FAO’s Crop Requirements Database to assess the potential productivity of key staple crops (maize, wheat, and rice). The index combines climate, water availability, and soil parameters into a high-resolution (250m) spatial indicator and includes a penalization strategy for seasonal stressors. CropPI has been tested in 11 African countries and validated against Net Primary Productivity (NPP), DSSAT-simulated yields, and GAEZ data. The paper discusses its applicability for policy, planning, and climate adaptation, and offers recommendations for future improvements, including dynamic phenology, irrigation data integration, and AI-based validation. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365817 |
| By: | Lapo Santarlasci; Armando Rungi; Antonio Zinilli |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces Natural Language Processing for identifying ``true'' green patents from official supporting documents. We start our training on about 12.4 million patents that had been classified as green from previous literature. Thus, we train a simple neural network to enlarge a baseline dictionary through vector representations of expressions related to environmental technologies. After testing, we find that ``true'' green patents represent about 20\% of the total of patents classified as green from previous literature. We show heterogeneity by technological classes, and then check that `true' green patents are about 1\% less cited by following inventions. In the second part of the paper, we test the relationship between patenting and a dashboard of firm-level financial accounts in the European Union. After controlling for reverse causality, we show that holding at least one ``true'' green patent raises sales, market shares, and productivity. If we restrict the analysis to high-novelty ``true'' green patents, we find that they also yield higher profits. Our findings underscore the importance of using text analyses to gauge finer-grained patent classifications that are useful for policymaking in different domains. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.02287 |
| By: | Clémentine Violette (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Juliette Lucas (SFA - Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) - Université des Seychelles); Cindy Assan (SFA - Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) - Université des Seychelles); Julien Lebranchu (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Pascal Cauquil (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Effective fisheries management relies on robust data collection and analysis to monitor operations, assess stock status, evaluate impacts, and develop sustainable management strategies. A well-structured data life cycle encompassing collection, storage, analysis, and dissemination, ensures data quality and accessibility, supporting informed decision-making and sustainable resource management. With the largest Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Western Indian Ocean, Seychelles' fisheries sector is vital to the nation's economy and marine conservation efforts. The Seychelles Fisheries Authority (SFA) has led the sustainable management of these resources for over four decades, harmonizing economic development with marine ecosystem conservation. However, the complexity of managing diverse fisheries, each with their specific challenge highlights the need for an efficient and transparent data workflow. To address this, the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) and SFA have collaborated to enhance data governance by developing a structured and integrated computer system. This joint effort consolidates various data sources, including fishing operations documents, vessel tracking, and biological information into a relational database driven by web services and graphical interfaces. By improving data, reducing redundancy, and minimizing errors, this system strengthens the ability to analyze complex datasets and monitor trends effectively. This presentation will outline the various stages of the data life cycle from data collection, validation and processing to dissemination and reporting, focusing on the IRD-developed integrated system within the SFA fisheries management framework. It will also showcase the new opportunities this deployment brings, from enhanced data analysis and decision-making to improved operational efficiency. By leveraging relational databases, fisheries management can enhance data accessibility, foster regional collaboration, and support the development of evidence-based policies for sustainable resource management. |
| Keywords: | Fisheries, Fisheries Information System, Fisheries management, International collaboration, Data workflow management |
| Date: | 2025–09–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:ird-05206806 |
| By: | Beauchamp, Emilie; Leiter, Timo; Pringle, Patrick; Brooks, Nick; Masud, Shafaq; Guerdat, Patrick |
| Abstract: | As the impacts of climate change and climate-related shocks become more unpredictable and severe, countries are increasingly using National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes to design and build resilient strategies – and learn from them. Monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems are critical to enabling countries to understand whether NAP processes work, how they work, and for whom, and how to improve actions based on the insights gained. Continuously learning from NAP processes’ actions and adjusting strategies accordingly is crucial to enhancing the effectiveness of adaptation and avoiding negative unintended effects from policies and interventions. MEL systems for NAP processes are also an important source of information for processes under the Paris Agreement, including assessing collective progress on the global goal of adaptation through the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience and, relatedly, the adaptation section of Biennial Transparency Reports. This toolkit for MEL for NAP processes provides practical guidance for developing and continuously improving MEL systems for NAP processes. It is designed for government actors coordinating NAP processes, stakeholders, and development partners supporting adaptation planning and implementation. This toolkit provides flexible yet concrete guidance on the planning, implementation, and revision of MEL systems, regardless of what stage countries are at in their NAP processes or the development and implementation of their MEL system. The toolkit has been developed in collaboration with the UN Adaptation Committee. |
| Keywords: | monitoring and evaluation; resilience; National Adaptation Plan; adaptation |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–05–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:129122 |
| By: | Roy, Nicholas (Resources for the Future); Burtraw, Dallas (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The California Air Resources Board is considering three different emissions budget pathways for upcoming rulemaking that would achieve the same cumulative emissions reductions by 2045. We analyzed each budget’s impact on revenues and how an emissions containment reserve (ECR) could be used to bolster revenues. We find the following:Over the next five years, CARB’s identified Smoothed Option 1 which would have a slower reduction in the emissions budget before 2030 would yield about $100 million dollars more revenue to the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) in 2026, rising to nearly $1 billion more revenue in 2030 than the other options. In the long term through 2045, cumulative revenues from Smoothed Option 2 and the original Standardized Regulatory Impact Assessment (SRIA) budget are larger than Smoothed Option 1. However, near-term revenues may be more important to fund investments to accelerate the energy transformation, especially given California’s current budget deficit. Smoothed Option 1 would also sustain a decline each year in the annual emissions budget, although initially at a slower rate than the alternatives.The addition of an Emissions Containment Reserve (ECR) would support allowance prices when they are low and increase and stabilize revenues for the GGRF. In the low allowance demand scenario, we find the ECR could boost cumulative GGRF revenues by $3.5 billion over the rest of this decade. Through 2045, GGRF revenues could increase by over $21 billion. |
| Date: | 2024–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-24-08 |
| By: | Espinosa-Uquillas, Elizabeth; Rejesus, Roderick M.; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | While existing research has examined a suite of factors affecting the adoption of cover crops in the United States, understanding the role of government programs and climate change has not been fully investigated over time, especially across a national sample. Furthermore, there is increasing attention on the potential disadoption of conservation practices including cover crops, and the drivers associated with cover crop disadoption is yet to be explored nationally. To fill these gaps in the literature, we combine multiple publicly available data sources to examine long-term county level cover crop adoption and disadoption over a recent decade in the United States. We estimate the association between government programs (i.e., conservation and non-conservation payments, state programs, crop insurance participation, and crop insurance premium subsidies) and climate conditions in counties’ cover crop adoption at both the national and regional levels. Additionally, we identify counties that decreased their cover crop adoption rate, that is, disadopted cover crops, and quantify the factors that correlate with the probability of disadoption. Increasing crop insurance participation within counties is associated with increasing cover crop adoption nationally and in the Southern Plains, Midwest, and Northeast; while increasing insurance premium subsidies are correlated with reduced cover crop adoption in the Midwest and Southeast but increased adoption in the Southern Plains. On the other hand, we quantify that despite the 70% increase in cover crop adoption between 2012 and 2022, 31% and 41% of counties had decreasing level of cover crops in 2017 and 2022, respectively, implying potential adoption saturation and concentration of cover crops in fewer counties. The likelihood of disadoption is lower for counties with higher federal conservation payments and participation in crop insurance. Similarly, increasing heat and climate variability are associated with additional cover crop adoption in most regions, indicating their relevance as a climate-resilient strategy, and counties with higher change in precipitation were more likely to maintain cover crop adoption over time, while climate variability was associated with more disadoption in some regions. We conclude that production risks from cover crop adoption could be potentially alleviated with the expansion of federal cost-sharing programs and crop insurance participation; yet, the amount of premium subsidies should be assessed as possibly disincentivizing cover crops due to the potential moral hazard it can trigger and risk-management redundancies of cover crops under crop insurance. Likewise, there is still potential to incentivize cover crop continuity for climate risk management, especially for counties with increasing precipitation variability due to climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–08–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nk6yh_v1 |
| By: | Hunt, Lauren; Mitchell, Rebecca C; Niles, Meredith |
| Abstract: | Dairy farming systems, of critical economic and nutritional importance, face mounting climate-related challenges that are expected to intensify without substantial adaptation and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation. In response, the U.S. dairy sector has established an ambitious goal of achieving GHG neutrality by 2050, emphasizing climate-smart strategies related to animal, manure, and land management. To track progress toward this goal and highlight pathways forward, we conducted a national-level U.S. survey of climate-smart agricultural among dairy producers, identifying patterns of use, producer perceptions, and typologies of adoption behavior. Our results represent roughly one of every 27 dairy producers in the U.S., making this study one of the most comprehensive national assessments in the dairy sector to date. While prior research has often reduced adoption to a binary outcome, we extend a multidimensional adoption framework to the dairy sector, enabling a more nuanced analysis of producers’ decision-making. Using latent class analysis, we identified five distinct adopter segments: marginal, conventional, confinement, hybrid, and integrative, based on dairy producers’ adoption patterns. Marginal adopters exhibited low engagement and high disadoption rates, while integrative adopters demonstrated the highest adoption breadth and sophistication, combining infrastructure and land-based strategies. Hybrid adopters represented a well-rounded group with the longest practice duration, especially among grazing practices. Confinement and conventional adopters prioritized controlled-environment infrastructure but showed generally little engagement with grazing or costly manure technologies. Multinomial logistic regression indicated that program engagement, perceived practice efficacy, and climate beliefs significantly differentiated adopter segments. Integrative adopters were the only group significantly more likely to attribute climate change to human causes and to engage in organic or conservation programs. Confinement and conventional adopters were more likely to perceive adaptation practices as effective for welfare and profit, while hybrid and integrative adopters viewed grazing strategies as effective across cow welfare, profit and GHG outcomes. Compared to other adopter segments, marginal adopters were more likely to prioritize profit, animal welfare, and future generations, suggesting that values may play a role in adoption differentiation. We also found that perceived adoption barriers did not necessarily limit adoption, as even highly engaged adopters reported greater capacity and informational barriers than marginal adopters. Support services could address these challenges without assuming they are prohibitive to fostering climate-smart agriculture practices. Our work offers practical insights and a more nuanced understanding of dairy producers, reflecting diverse motivations, constraints and structural conditions that shape practice adoption across the dairy sector. |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ky8hs_v1 |
| By: | Daniel Engler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Gunnar Gutsche (Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics; University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Andreas Ziegler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Based on a randomized controlled trial, this paper compares individual investment decisions in pre-registered non-incentivized and incentivized choice experiments to examine hypothetical bias. Using data from a representative sample of over 2, 100 individual investors from Germany and France, our econometric analysis reveals that the willingness to pay for sustainable investments is not significantly higher in the non-incentivized setting than in the incentivized setting, which is contrary to predictions from previous studies. The results are robust to various explanations of hypothetical bias and experimental design choices. Individual characteristics tend to have similar estimated effects on the preference for sustainable investments in both experimental settings. The results of our experimental analysis provide insights into the reliability of previous stated choice experiments and guidance for future experiments in (sustainable) finance. Furthermore, our estimation results improve our understanding of individual investment decisions, which is crucial from a policy perspective since individual investors play an important role in financing the transition to a sustainable economy. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable investments, randomized controlled trial, investment choice experiments, hypothetical bias, willingness to pay |
| JEL: | C25 G11 G41 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202515 |
| By: | Laurene Feintrenie (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); César J. Vázquez Navarrete (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados); Luz del Carmen Lagunes Espinoza (ColPos - Colegio de Postgraduados) |
| Abstract: | Oil palm is the world's leading oil crop, accounting for 36% of global vegetable oil production in 2020. Originally from Central and West Africa, oil palm plantations have been extended to Southeast Asia, partly at the expense of biodiversity-rich forests and peatlands storing large quantities of carbon. Negative environmental impacts have sometimes been accompanied by equally negative social impacts. Since the 2000s, oil palm plantations have been expanding rapidly in Latin America. The producing countries of the American continent have a number of characteristics in common, which differentiate them from Asia and Africa. Palm oil production costs are high, and oil palm fresh fruits bunches producers are dependent on the presence of extractive mills to purchase their production, sometimes with extensive mill supply basins based on networks of collect centers. Overall, edapho-climatic conditions are not as good as in Indonesia or Malaysia. Nevertheless, palm oil production represents an opportunity for the economic development of rural areas, and could help meet the needs in edible oil of domestic and regional markets in the continent's producing countries. What are the expectations regarding the sector? What is the risk of expanding oil palm plantations at the expense of forests? Should we fear a scenario resembling Asian expansion dynamics? The development of a sustainable sector raises many challenges. This thematic issue explores some of them, and also highlights the need for further research on the American continent to support the sustainable development of the oil palm sector. |
| Abstract: | Le palmier à huile est la première culture oléagineuse avec 36 % de la production mondiale d'huile végétale en 2020. Originaire d'Afrique centrale et de l'Ouest, le palmier à huile a vu ses plantations s'étendre en Asie du Sud-Est, en partie aux dépens d'une forêt riche en biodiversité et de tourbières stockant de grandes quantités de carbone. Les impacts négatifs sur l'environnement ont été parfois accompagnés d'impacts sociaux tout aussi néfastes. Depuis les années 2000, les plantations de palmier à huile connaissent une forte dynamique d'expansion en Amérique latine. Les pays producteurs du continent américain présentent des caractéristiques communes qui le différencient de l'Asie et de l'Afrique. Les coûts de production de l'huile de palme y sont élevés, il existe une dépendance des producteurs de régimes de palmier à la présence d'usines extractrices d'huile pour acheter leur production, avec parfois des bassins d'approvisionnement d'usine étendus via des centres de collecte, les conditions édapho-climatiques sont globalement moins bonnes qu'en Indonésie ou Malaisie. Néanmoins la production d'huile de palme représente une opportunité de développement économique pour les zones rurales, et pourrait participer à répondre aux besoins en huile alimentaire des marchés domestiques et régionaux des pays producteurs du continent. Quelles sont les attentes de la société civile vis-à-vis du secteur ? Quel est le risque d'une expansion des palmeraies aux dépens des forêts ? Faut-il craindre un scénario se rapprochant des dynamiques d'expansion asiatiques ? Le développement d'un secteur durable soulève de nombreux défis. Le dossier thématique qu'introduit cet article en explore quelques-uns, et met également en lumière le besoin de recherches supplémentaires sur le continent américain pour accompagner un développement durable du secteur élaéicole. |
| Keywords: | Amérique latine, Mexique, Elaeis guineensis, huile de palme, impact sur l'environnement, développement rural, durabilité, agroécologie, pratique culturale, développement régional, certification, politique publique, agriculture durable, production durable, Modèle de développement, Politiques publiques, Agriculture familiale, Système de culture, Élaeiculture, Development models, Public politics, Family farming, Cropping system |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05183007 |
| By: | Gorjian, Mahshid |
| Abstract: | Background A significant approach to enhancing children's health and addressing environmental disparities in metropolitan regions of the United States has emerged: schoolyard greening. The advantages of physical activity and well-being are increasingly recognized; nevertheless, the wider ramifications for community dynamics, social equality, and the risks of green gentrification remain poorly comprehended. Purpose This review carefully assesses the evidence about the impact of schoolyard greening efforts on children's health, neighborhood transformation, and the equitable distribution of benefits and risks across diverse urban communities. Methods A comparative literature analysis was performed to synthesize findings from quantitative studies, qualitative research, and case analyses specifically addressing schoolyard greening projects in prominent U.S. cities. Results Evidence consistently indicates that schoolyard greening positively influences children's socioemotional well-being and physical activity levels, while also enhancing the use of outdoor spaces. Increased unstructured play and student engagement correlate with renovation techniques that incorporate varied play areas and natural features. Nonetheless, the allocation of gains is uneven; educational institutions situated in rapidly evolving or affluent communities are more prone to improvements in infrastructure and accessibility. Furthermore, greening projects can act as drivers for neighborhood development, potentially leading to green gentrification processes that threaten the tenure of disadvantaged people and elevate property values. These results underscore the importance of context-sensitive and inclusive planning. Conclusions Schoolyard greening can offer substantial health advantages for children and support the broader goals of urban sustainability. Nonetheless, these initiatives may exacerbate socioeconomic disparities and contribute to displacement patterns without intentional policies and community-driven strategies. To ensure the equitable distribution of schoolyard greening benefits, it is imperative that effective solutions emphasize equity, substantial community involvement, and the safeguarding of at-risk populations. |
| Date: | 2025–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:d85tg_v1 |
| By: | Ilicic, Joanna; Maestripieri, Lorenzo; Dobrovich, Greta; Ignaciuk, Adriana; Rottem, Alma |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a novel methodology for calculating marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs) for public finance in agriculture using granular data on specific activities from investment projects. The proposed MACCs target public investment decision makers from the international and national financing institutions, as well as governments. The methodology is based on information obtained from agricultural projects implemented by international funding institutions (IFIs) and carbon accounting appraisals conducted using the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT). The curves are estimated through a bottom-up approach, in which actual data on mitigation potential of agricultural investments and their associated costs are used to derive the cost-effectiveness of individual agricultural activities. The resulting curves illustrate the relationship between the cost of each individual activity and their individual mitigation potential helping decision makers to identify how to achieve best results at lowest cost. The application of the methodology is demonstrated using a sample portfolio of projects under World Bank’s Global Agriculture and Food Security Programme (GAFSP).Isolating the contribution of individual practices and highlighting their contextual cost-efficiency is a key factor in investment decision making for private and public entities aligning with the global climate targets. Given the complexity of estimating real costs, bottom-up MACCs offer a precious reference for evaluating activities' abatement potential and supporting decision-making processes of policymakers and investors interested in efficient and climate-friendly investments. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365826 |
| By: | Schreiber, Andrew; Maniloff, Peter |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the welfare implications of air pollution induced labor productivity improvements in a computable general equilibrium framework. We document that labor market productivity changes associated with a one μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5 can have a large welfare impact. Variation in the existing econometric evidence produces a range of possible welfare effects equal to approximately $950-3000 per household per year which is 50-160% of the estimated mortality impacts. Accounting for general equilibrium effects increases the welfare effect by roughly 45% relative to a back of the envelope estimate. Allowing for sector-specific shocks or impacts to leisure preferences have little effect on aggregate results. We also find that the aggregate welfare effect is approximately proportional to the shock size. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nceewp:368257 |
| By: | Sophie Clot (EDHEC - EDHEC Business School - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); Gilles Grolleau (ESSCA - ESSCA – École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers = ESSCA Business School); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the extent to which people are subject to moral licensing in the environmental domain by examining moral dynamics at a disaggregated level. Using Giving and Taking games with environmental NGOs, we found that aggregate results hide important heterogeneity. Half of the participants engaged in compensatory behavior, with highly environmentally concerned individuals compensating more frequently. Men were more consistent than women, but when they adopted moral licensing, their compensation was significantly greater than that of women. These findings suggest opportunities for improving environmental policy effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | taking game, moral in(consistency), licensing, dictator game, cleansing |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05148018 |
| By: | Bergman, Aaron (Resources for the Future); Peplinski, McKenna (Resources for the Future); Rennert, Kevin (Resources for the Future); Roy, Nicholas (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The Inflation Reduction Act replaced an assortment of technology-specific tax credits for clean electricity with two “technology-neutral” tax credits, the 45Y and 48E tax credits (named after their sections in the tax code). The 45Y tax credit is a “production” tax credit, which pays a set amount for every unit of electricity generated, while the 48E tax credit is an “investment” tax credit that pays a fraction of the capital cost for a qualifying generation or storage technology. Unlike previous iterations, these tax credits apply to any technology that can produce electricity with zero emissions. For more details, see On Deck for Treasury: The Inflation Reduction Act’s New Approach to Clean Electricity Tax Credits and The US Department of the Treasury’s Proposed Guidance for the Tech-Neutral Tax Credits Importantly, the expiration of these tax credits is based on the overall carbon intensity of the electricity sector rather than any specific year.As the new administration and Congress contemplate proposals for the budget reconciliation process, these and other tax credits in the Inflation Reduction Act are on the table for potential repeal. In this issue brief, we explore the consequences of a repeal of these tax credits for retail electricity prices, consumer electricity bills, government expenditures, clean electricity, and emissions.In addition to our reference case, we examine three additional scenarios to assess the impacts of high and low natural gas prices, as well as high electricity demand, on the consequences of a repeal. These scenarios encompass the main parameters known to affect electricity prices. Natural gas prices have displayed wide variation historically, and greater exports of natural gas would put upward pressure on electricity prices. Increased electricity demand, driven by electrification of end-uses or to power data centers and artificial intelligence, would also put upward pressure on electricity prices. We use a high-demand scenario taken from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Electrification Futures Study to account for these factors.We find that repealing these tax credits is modeled to:Increase nationally averaged electricity rates by roughly 5–7 percent across modeled scenarios in 2030, reaching a peak of 6–10 percent higher in 2035. These rate impacts translate into a $75–$100 increase in national average annual electricity bills in 2030, with a peak increase of $100–$150 per year (real 2023 dollars). Rate increases differ significantly by region, with the highest impact seen in the upper plains states ($300–$400 per year increases in the West North Central census region).Reduce tax expenditures by $227–$315 billion dollars over the ten-year budget window (2025–2034, cumulative nominal dollars). After 2035, the annual reduction in tax expenditures is $48–$63 billion per year, declining to $24–$47 billion per year in 2040.Increase power sector carbon dioxide emissions by 350 Mt–400 Mt CO₂ in 2035, with a cumulative increase in power sector emissions of 3, 500 Mt–4, 500 Mt CO₂ between 2025 and 2040.Reduce wind generation capacity in 2035 by 125 GW–225 GW and solar capacity in 2035 by approximately 175 GW. This is a coincidental convergence in 2035. The range increases to 175–225 GW in 2036 and remains at that level through the end of the projection period. |
| Date: | 2025–03–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:ibrief:ib-25-06 |
| By: | Philippe Prévost (Agreenium); Marianne Le Bail (AFA - Association française d'agronomie); Teatske Bakker (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sophie Chauvat (IDELE - Institut de l'élevage); Hélène Brives (ISARA); Mathieu Capitaine (VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement); Florian Celette (ISARA); Marie Chizallet (UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Pierre Gasselin (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Blandine Passemard (CUMA - Coopérative d'utilisation du matériel agricole) |
| Keywords: | agroécologie, développement agricole, système de culture, recherche agronomique, agriculture de transition, agroécosystème, étude de cas, adoption de l'innovation, agronomie, agriculture, recherche, innovation, agronome, Travail, Transition agroécologique, Agronomie, transition agroécologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182410 |
| By: | Amandeep Kaur (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy); Chakraborty, Lekha (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy) |
| Abstract: | Against the backdrop of the 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30), this paper analyzes the fiscal commitments in an emerging economy, India towards the National Adaptation Communication, contributing to the requirement of measuring progress on the Global Goal of Adaptation (GGA). Utilizing the Public Financial Management (PFM) tools, we examine the fiscal commitments across sectors related to key components of adaptation in the Detailed Demand for Grants. Our analysis reveals that public expenditure on adaptation in India, particularly in climate-resilient infrastructure, disaster management, and climate risk financing, has gained momentum and exhibits an upward trend at the Union Government level. However, budget credibility analysis through fiscal marksmanship and PEFA scores indicates that forest conservation-related spending requires relatively more fiscal commitments at the Union level, due to significant deviations between Budget Estimates and Actual Spending. The relatively lower spending on forests at the national level is consistent with the principle of subsidiarity, which suggests that spending on forests is optimal at the level of subnational governments. Ecological fiscal transfers to subnational governments, facilitated through tax transfers by the Finance Commissions that incorporate net forest cover, address this requirement within the general government framework, and the 16th Finance Commission is expected to retain the climate change criterion in unconditional fiscal transfers in India. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:npf:wpaper:25/434 |
| By: | Marie-Hélène Dabat (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Gonzalo-Alfredo Rodríguez-Borray (Agrosavia - Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research); Isabelle Vagneron (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Après avoir développé un cadre conceptuel et une méthode d'analyse des systèmes alimentaires dans les années 2020-22, le Cirad et la FAO élargissent leur collaboration à Agrinatura autour du projet SASi-SPi financé par l'Union Européenne, pour catalyser la transition vers des systèmes alimentaires durables et inclusifs. Les moyens pour atteindre cet objectif sont de mobiliser l'intelligence collective des acteurs du territoire tout en renforçant le dialogue science-politique. Illustrations des méthodes déployées par les chercheurs au Bhoutan, en Colombie et en Sierra Leone. |
| Keywords: | Colombie, Bhoutan, Sierra Leone, systèmes alimentaires, durabilité, développement durable, projet de développement, sécurité alimentaire, production alimentaire, politique alimentaire, agroécologie, inclusion sociale, transition agroécologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182711 |
| By: | Pierre-Marie Bosc (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Freguin-Gresh (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Cédric Gaillard (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hugo Lehoux; Christelle Ginot (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie]) |
| Keywords: | système d'exploitation agricole, agriculture familiale, approche paysagère, farm data [EN], enquête sur les exploitations agricoles, investissement, typologie des exploitations agricoles, renforcement des capacités, principe directeur |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182577 |
| By: | Pierre-Marie Bosc (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Freguin-Gresh (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier - UMPV - Université de Montpellier Paul-Valéry); Cédric Gaillard (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hugo Lehoux; Christelle Ginot |
| Abstract: | Le Guide opérationnel de l'Observatoire des agricultures du monde pose les principes pour définir les types d'exploitations et caractériser leur diversité. Ciblant en priorité les exploitations familiales, les plus nombreuses dans le monde, il propose des clarifications conceptuelles et des repères simples pour construire des "systèmes d'informations" permettant de qualifier les différents types, d'en mesurer les poids relatifs et les performances multidimensionnelles, au regard des enjeux du développement durable. Il est destiné aux opérateurs de développement et aux organisations paysannes, autant qu'aux projets d'investissement portés par les États et les institutions financières, comme un outil d'aide à la décision en matière d'orientation des politiques publiques et des financements pour l'agriculture. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, typologie des exploitations agricoles, système d'exploitation agricole, agriculture familiale, exploitation agricole familiale, Exploitation agricole, Données, Observatoire, Cadre conceptuel, Méthodologie |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05183171 |
| By: | Rode, Johannes; Römer, Daniel; Salzgeber, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Demand for electric vehicles is growing, both in Germany and around the world. Electric vehicles are also becoming more important for the German export market. In the first quarter of 2025, more than one in four cars exported from Germany was a battery-electric vehicle (BEV). On average, 82, 000 BEVs worth EUR 3.4 billion were exported each month. Germany now generates a higher export surplus with BEVs than with other cars. The value of exports of BEVs exceeds the value of imports by a factor of 5. Besides, electric vehicles offer increasingly greater climate benefits. According to the KfW Energy Transition Barometer, one third of the electricity used to charge EVs in Germany is now self-generated and green, a new record. Consumer concerns about electric vehicles are decreasing. Approaches to increase EV uptake include removing information deficits, providing incentives for time-optimised charging and improving the conditions for charging in multi-family homes. |
| Date: | 2025–08–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:156659 |
| By: | Clay, Karen (Carnegie Mellon University); Hernandez-Cortes, Danae (Arizona State University); Jha, Akshaya (Carnegie Mellon University); Lewis, Joshua (University of Montreal); Miller, Noah (University of Southern California); Severnini, Edson (Boston College) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relative contributions of siting decisions and post-siting demographic shifts to current disparities in exposure to polluting fossil-fuel plants in the United States. Our analysis leverages newly digitized data on power plant siting and operations from 1900-2020, combined with spatially resolved demographics and population data from the U.S Census from 1870-2020. We find little evidence that fossil-fuel plants were disproportionately sited in counties with higher Black population shares on average. However, event study estimates indicate that Black population share grows in the decades after the first fossil-fuel plant is built in a county, with average increases in Black population share of 4 percentage points in the 50-70 years after first siting. These long-run demographic shifts are driven by counties that first hosted a fossil-fuel plant between 1900-1949. We close by exploring how these long-run demographic shifts were shaped by the Great Migration, differential sorting in response to pollution, and other factors. Our findings highlight that the equity implications of siting long-lived infrastructure can differ dramatically depending on the time span considered. |
| Keywords: | environmental justice, fossil-fuel power plants, infrastructure siting, demographic shifts |
| JEL: | N52 N92 Q40 Q52 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp18052 |
| By: | Anrriquez Anlauf, D. Serena; Lacaze, María Victoria; Zilio, Mariana I. |
| Abstract: | El agua es un recurso natural crítico para el desarrollo de la vida cuya disponibilidad media ha disminuido globalmente en las últimas décadas (FAO, 2020). Esta situación demanda la urgente consecución del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) 6 de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), que propone garantizar la disponibilidad y la gestión sostenible del recurso. Este trabajo, que se encuadra en la territorialización de los ODS a nivel subnacional, contribuye al estudio de la eficiencia en el uso de los recursos hídricos en las actividades económicas del Municipio de General Pueyrredon (MGP), provincia de Buenos Aires. El período estudiado es 2004-2024, para el cual se dispone de información referida al Producto Bruto Geográfico y al consumo de agua. |
| Keywords: | Recursos Hídricos; Agua Potable; Consumo; Actividad Económica; Partido de General Pueyrredon; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4375 |
| By: | Beiser McGrath, Liam |
| Abstract: | In an era of prolonged economic stagnation and global shocks, a central question is how individuals’ material conditions shape support for policy interventions and goals. In recent years, energy insecurity, the inability to easily meet the costs of household energy, has emerged as a key factor in explaining declining household living standards and difficulties meeting the costs of living. This paper examines how energy insecurity affects policy preferences in the context of the UK’s recent energy crisis. Utilising an original survey fielded in the United Kingdom in August 2022, the paper examines how energy insecurity shapes preferences for compensationand investment-based policy preferences for energy, climate, and social policy. The results find that support for energy, climate, and social policy depends on individuals’ energy insecurity. Additionally, while compensatory and investment based policies see similar levels of support in terms of energy policy, there is differentiation in the other policy areas. Energy insecure individuals significantly prioritise investment-based climate policy and compensation-based social policy. These results hold even after adjusting for general concerns with the cost of living. The results help us understand how policy preferences are sensitive to changing economic conditions, and the impact of the energy crisis for a broader set of policy preferences. |
| Keywords: | energy insecurity; energy policy; public opinion; renewable investment; social policy; energy politics |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128882 |
| By: | Rob Van Eynde; Kevin J. Dillman; Jefim Vogel; Daniel W. O'Neill |
| Abstract: | Post-growth has emerged as an umbrella term for various sustainability visions that advocate the pursuit of environmental sustainability, social equity, and human wellbeing, while questioning the continued pursuit of economic growth. Although there are increasing calls to include post-growth scenarios in high-level assessments, a coherent framework with what is required to model post-growth adequately remains absent. This article addresses this gap by: (1) identifying the minimum requirements for post-growth models, and (2) establishing a set of model elements for representing specific policy themes. Drawing on a survey of modellers and on relevant post-growth literature, we develop a framework of minimum requirements for post-growth modelling that integrates three spheres: biophysical, economic, and social, and links them to post-growth goals. Within the biophysical sphere, we argue that embeddedness requires the inclusion of resource use and pollution, environmental limits, and feedback mechanisms from the environment onto society. Within the economic sphere, models should disaggregate households, incorporate limits to technological change and decoupling, include different types of government interventions, and calculate GDP or output endogenously. Within the social sphere, models should represent time use, material and non-material need satisfiers, and the affordability of essential goods and services. Specific policies and transformation scenarios require additional features, such as sectoral disaggregation or representation of the financial system. Our framework guides the development of models that can simulate both post-growth and pro-growth policies and scenarios, an urgently needed tool for informing policymakers and stakeholders about the full range of options for pursuing sustainability, equity, and wellbeing. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.07974 |
| By: | Osswald do Amaral, Francisco; Zetzmann, Steffen |
| Abstract: | We examine how rising energy costs affect rental housing markets and inequality. Using listing data for the 30 largest German cities from 2015-2024, we find that higher energy prices are passed through to net rents in high-rent segments, where inefficient properties see significant rent reductions, but not in lower-priced segments. This asymmetry reflects tighter markets and lower demand elasticity in the affordable segment. Consequently, low-income households face much larger increases in total housing costs. Our results show how segmented housing markets can amplify inequality when energy prices rise, highlighting important distributional implications for climate policy. |
| Keywords: | Housing Markets, Energy Prices, Climate Change, Inequality |
| JEL: | R31 Q41 Q54 D31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:324656 |
| By: | Aurélie Toillier (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Renaud Guillonnet (Agrinatura); Aleksandra Dolinska (Agrinatura); Priscila Henriquez (Agrinatura); Myriam Perez (Agrinatura); Margarida Lima de Faria (ISA [Instituto Superior de Agronomia] - Instituto Superior de Agronomia) |
| Keywords: | Sénégal, Burkina Faso, Niger, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Costa Rica, Brésil, Népal, Cameroun, Éthiopie, Nigéria, Colombie, système d'innovation, innovation agricole, recherche participative, recherche-action, politique d'innovation, agriculture durable, Agricultural innovation, Story of change, Co-innovation, Participatory Action Research, transition agroécologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182236 |
| By: | Gadžo, Amra; Babajic, Amra; Nuhanović, Amra |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of educating households on energy savings and its subsequent effect on reducing energy consumption and pollution. The research was conducted on a sample of 10, 044 household owners in the Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the first round of household visits, data on individual household electricity consumption for the past twelve months were collected, education on possible energy savings in households was conducted, and four standard light bulbs were replaced with four LED light bulbs. After one year, a second round of data collection on household electricity consumption for twelve months was conducted. The paper presents comparative indicators of electricity consumption before and after education, achieved savings in consumption, and the calculation of reduced harmful emissions into the air. The research results showed that educating household owners about possible energy savings resulted in an increase in their efforts to achieve energy savings. The value of the achieved energy savings amounts to 4.47% in percentage terms, 1, 962, 676.50 kWh in absolute terms, the recalculated value of savings in EUR amounts to 166, 079, while the value of reduced air emissions amounts to 2, 345, 398.42 kg CO2. The highest energy savings were achieved in the municipality of Kalesija at 8.76%, while the lowest were in the city of Živinice at 2.64%. The results of this study will contribute to the literature gap in understanding the importance of educating the population, their behavioural characteristics, potential energy savings, and the cost-benefit analysis of such energy-saving projects. |
| Keywords: | education of household owners, energy savings, reduction of energy consumption, reduction of air pollution |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:324466 |
| By: | Usman A. Usman (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai) |
| Abstract: | Admist economic downturn and fiscal reversals, coupled with Russia Ukraine war, the most economic challenge that had bedeviled economies is climate change causing rise in poverty. The issue of climate change has gained attention in the international space for almost a decade with institution reviewing some of the tactics to reduce its surge effect on household. This study investigates the effect of climate change on household consumption expenditure using data set from fifty four (54) African countries span 2013 to 2022. This study seeks to employ the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and the result of the study indicates that there is a short run relationship. The lag value of household consumption expenditure at first and second lag is statistically significant and is best instruments to be included in the model. The coefficient Co2 emission has a positive and statistical significant effect on household consumption. Temperature economic globalization and social globalization have a negative but non-significant effect on household consumption expenditure. Political globalization has a positive but non-significant effect on household consumption expenditure in African countries. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Growth, Household consumption expenditure, Poverty, GMM |
| JEL: | C26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:15216534 |
| By: | Tas, Emcet Oktay; Canpolat, Ezgi; Cole, Megan; Setyowati, Abidah Billah; Woodhouse, Jasminah |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a spatial analysis of coal transition vulnerability in Indonesia. It uses a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative data on exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to coal transition, summarized in a Coal Transition Vulnerability Index, with qualitative insights from stakeholder consultations and interviews. The paper explores the socioeconomic implications of dependence on coal and potential shifts in production patterns for communities and workers. It finds that vulnerability to coal transition is geographically concentrated, with provinces like East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, and South Sumatra exhibiting high susceptibility due to their dependence on coal mining and coal-fired power generation. Case studies and qualitative findings further illustrate the localized nature of vulnerability, and the potential challenges faced by communities due to impending mine closures. The paper underscores significant socioeconomic and local impacts, particularly on employment within the coal value chain; highlights the disproportionate effects on vulnerable groups, including women, youth, indigenous communities, and informal workers; and highlights the need for inclusive and tailored strategies for managing the socioeconomic impacts of coal transition. |
| Date: | 2025–08–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11188 |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | The catastrophic effects of natural disasters on social and economic systems are well documented; however, their impacts on individual life satisfaction remain insufficiently understood. This study pioneers a causal analysis of the effects of cyclones on life satisfaction in Australia, leveraging local cyclone exposure as a natural experiment. Drawing on more than two decades of nationally representative panel data, individual fixed-effects models reveal that only the most severe Category 5 events—particularly those occurring in close proximity to residences—significantly reduce overall life satisfaction, as well as satisfaction with community and health. Notably, these severe cyclones exhibit either lasting or delayed adverse effects on satisfaction with employment opportunities, neighbourhood, community, and personal safety. The findings are robust across a range of sensitivity checks, including a falsification test confirming no effect of future cyclones on current life satisfaction, and three randomization tests. Furthermore, these negative impacts are more pronounced among males, younger individuals, and those without prior residential insurance coverage. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters; Life Satisfaction; Happiness; Wellbeing; Australia |
| JEL: | I12 I31 Q5 Q51 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125390 |
| By: | Raja Aoujil; Nicolas Faysse (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Keywords: | Maroc, agricultrice, rôle des femmes, travailleur agricole, femme, accès à la terre, femme rurale, exploitation agricole, emploi rural |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182823 |
| By: | Slater, Giulia; Sarracino, Francesco |
| Abstract: | Individuals’ attempts to defend from the deterioration of common goods, such as natural and social capital, stimulate defensive growth, that is new economic activity driven by private solutions to collective problems. In this paper, we provide a first estimate of the value of defensive expenditures, that is of the individual consumption needed to protect subjective well-being against collective problems. We conduct a regression analysis of life satisfaction on aggregate consumption levels and various social and environmental externalities (which we refer to as "bads"). Using a compensating differentials approach, we estimate the monetary valuation of social and environmental disruption for which no market price exists. Our estimates indicate that the consumption needed to defend against collective problems is worth nearly a quarter of actual individual consumption. In terms of national income, this is equivalent to nearly half Gross Domestic Product per capita in affluent economies. Defensive consumption stimulates economic growth, however, in so far as the equivalent of nearly half of growth is defensive, its expansion does not reflect true progress. |
| Keywords: | subjective well-being, quality of life, defensive consumption, defensive growth, compensating differentials, shadow value, willingness to accept |
| JEL: | I3 I31 O10 P0 Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125372 |
| By: | Brigitte Gouesnard (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Yacine Diaw (ISRA - Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles [Dakar]); Laurène Gay (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Joëlle Ronfort (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jacques David (UMR AGAP - Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Maize landraces (Zea mays subsp. mays) have evolved under the joint action of environmental factors and of the farmers who cultivated them. In this study, we aim to quantify the selection gradients exerted by farmers by proposing them a selection test consisting in choosing the ears they would select if they were to grow maize landraces the following year. The study focused on the Pyrenees region of France, where landraces were cultivated until the arrival of hybrids in the 1960s and conserved ex-situ ever since. We interviewed former Pyrenean farmers or their children who were cultivating landraces 60 years ago. The survey documented seed management practices and know-how. Our selection test showed that their selection was based solely on ears: old farmers selected healthy and productive ears by using ear length and volume as the first two selection criteria. Both were highly correlated with the kernel weight per ear. Heritabilities of ear traits at an individual plant level were estimated in one trial for four landraces and were found variable between traits and landraces (average 0.36 ranging between 0 and 0.76). We calculated the expected genetic change after one generation of mass selection, following farmer selection criteria. For ear length, genetic change was expected to reach about 3.4% (from 1 to 7.5% over the 17 selection tests). We investigated seed selection practices both east and west of the Pyrenees and compared them qualitatively with those of native American farmers. |
| Keywords: | Heritability, Seed management, Landraces, Ethnobotanical survey, Zea mays subsp. mays, Mass selection |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05210925 |
| By: | Furse, Simon |
| Abstract: | This paper examines two literatures that try to understand the biophysical constraints placed on the economy and economic growth. Firstly, exergy economics uses the second law of thermodynamics to examine the aggregate exergy conversion process to the useful stage. This shows the dependency of the economy on physical laws and highlights the limits to continued productivity growth. I argue that exergy economics provides a vital contribution to economics, but previous attempts to integrate it into an economic framework are undermined by a reliance on the neoclassical production function. Secondly, ecological macroeconomics examines biophysical constraints to the economy using heterodox economic theory and models. My review of this literature shows that productivity growth is often modelled as unconnected to energy and materials and able to increase exponentially into the future despite biophysical constraints. The paper argues that biophysical limits to productivity growth need to be considered alongside the more commonly modelled damage functions and limits to resource availability and quality in ecological macroeconomics. |
| Keywords: | Exergy, Energy, Societal Exergy Analysis, Ecological Macroeconomics, Technical Change, Production Functions, Limits to Growth |
| JEL: | E12 O44 Q43 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:324638 |
| By: | Emanuel Moench; Robin Schaal |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of extreme weather events on the term structure of sovereign bond yields in a global panel. Using local projections to estimate the dynamic response of yields and their expected short rate and term premium components to such events, we uncover significant heterogeneity across countries. We show that differentiating between strong and weak fiscal regimes helps explain variations in both yield and inflation responses. Among advanced economies, countries with low debt levels experience a significant rise in short rate expectations as investors anticipate tighter monetary policy in response to inflationary pressures. Advanced economies with high levels of debt primarily exhibit a rise in term premiums, consistent with investors pricing in more issuance. While fiscally constrained emerging economies exhibit muted yield responses, their higher-rated peers experience a decline in expected short rates and an increase in term premiums, potentially suggesting that investors anticipate monetary easing and increased debt issuance following disasters. |
| Date: | 2025–08–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rbz:wpaper:11088 |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Kaestner, Kathrin; Krieg, Marielena; Vance, Colin |
| Abstract: | Numerous measures have been taken in recent years to achieve climate protection targets in Germany's building sector. With the newly established Ariadne German Heating and Housing Panel (GHHP), the prerequisite for a well-founded evaluation of the effectiveness, distribution effects, and acceptance of climate policy measures in the heating sector has been created for the first time. Funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the Kopernikus project Ariadne, the GHHP is a series of annual surveys on the heating transition. It comprises around 15, 000 participating households in Germany, 65% of which are owner-occupied households with the remaining 35% renters. In addition to eliciting detailed information on the building stock, existing heating systems, heating costs and the socio-economic characteristics of the households, the survey examines energy modernization measures that have already been carried out or are planned. The survey also records households' perception and acceptance of policy instruments in the building sector that are being discussed and have already been introduced. The first survey took place in 2021, with subsequent surveys to be continued annually until 2026. |
| Abstract: | In den vergangenen Jahren wurden zahlreiche Maßnahmen ergriffen, um die Klimaschutzziele im Gebäudesektor in Deutschland zu erreichen. Mit dem neu eingerichteten Ariadne Wärme- und Wohnen-Panel wurde erstmals die Voraussetzung für eine fundierte Evaluierung der Wirksamkeit, der Verteilungseffekte und der Akzeptanz von klimapolitischen Maßnahmen im Wärmesektor geschaffen. Das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) im Rahmen des Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne geförderte Wärme- und Wohnen-Panel ist eine Reihe von jährlichen Befragungen zur Wärmewende. Sie umfasst rund 15.000 teilnehmende Haushalte in Deutschland, von denen 65% Eigentümerhaushalte und die restlichen 35% Mieter sind. Neben detaillierten Informationen zum Gebäudebestand, den vorhandenen Heizungsanlagen, den Heizkosten und den sozioökonomischen Merkmalen der Haushalte werden auch bereits durchgeführte oder geplante energetische Modernisierungsmaßnahmen untersucht. Außerdem wird die Wahrnehmung und Akzeptanz von diskutierten und bereits eingeführten politischen Instrumenten im Gebäudesektor durch die Haushalte erfasst. Die erste Erhebung fand 2021 statt, weitere Erhebungen werden jährlich bis 2026 durchgeführt. |
| Keywords: | Household panel, heating transition, rate of modernization, acceptance |
| JEL: | Q3 Q4 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:324659 |
| By: | Riemer, Olivia; Mairaj Shah, Tavseef; Müller, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 describes how true cost accounting (TCA) and the lessons learned from its application can inform efforts to develop a sound economic foundation for sustainability in business and finance in agrifood systems. It looks at the current state of TCA in the business and financial sector, giving examples of different initiatives and resources available that have contributed significantly to the development of knowledge and guidance for TCA application within the private and financial sectors in agrifood systems. The paper recognises the value of drawing on the extensive groundwork that has been conducted under various TCA initiatives to develop ready-reference databases and tools for the private sector. It also acknowledges that numerous gaps need to be filled to ensure the mainstreaming of TCA. These include gaps in the standardization of methods, including indicators, impact pathways and valuation factors. Research and guidance are needed to help businesses integrate capital accounting into corporate governance, strategy and performance models. Overcoming these barriers will require coordinated efforts by different actors in agrifood systems. The great challenges of our time call for a new economic foundation for sustainability. The momentum at the international level to reform business accounting and reporting standards can support a transformation towards sustainable agrifood systems. So far, the initial success of agrifood businesses in applying and integrating TCA into decision-making shows that, given the right enabling environment, businesses can contribute to building socially, environmentally and economically sustainable agrifood systems. To achieve this transformation, however, standard-setting is needed to create a level playing field. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365835 |
| By: | Teatske Bakker (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Marianne Le Bail (AFA - Association française d'agronomie) |
| Abstract: | While the agro-ecological transition is well underway on at least some farms, one of the levers identified to the redesign of technical systems is the issue of work, both in terms of certain farming practices, farmwork organization and the design, experimentation and management activities required by this transition. In addition, several key developments in the recent agricultural context are transforming the parameters of agricultural work and reinforcing the need for agronomists to reinvest in these work-related issues (section 1). Section 2 traces the evolution of farm work issues in research on agricultural technical systems in agronomy (farm work planning, workable days, cognitive action model) and, more recently, interdisciplinary work with ergonomists. The more recent investment in farm work-related issues in systemic livestock research, motivated by the major changes in the livestock sectors, may be a source of inspiration for agronomists. Section 3 proposes a simple framework for stimulating questions for the agronomists, applied to the testimony of a farmer whose transition trajectory provides an opportunity to illustrate the relationships between changes in cropping systems and changes in farm work. Improving such a framework would be a research, development and teaching project in itself for agronomists. |
| Abstract: | Si la transition agroécologique est bien en cours dans au moins une partie des exploitations agricoles, l'un des leviers identifiés dans la reconception des systèmes techniques est la question du travail (section 1). L'article pose la question de la prise en compte par les agronomes de cette question. La section 2 retrace l'évolution des approches du travail dans les travaux de recherche sur les systèmes techniques agricoles et montre l'investissement plus récent en zootechnie- système qu'en agronomie, motivé par les changements majeurs dans les secteurs de l'élevage. La section 3 propose une structuration simple de questions agronomiques à différents niveaux d'échelles de la parcelle au territoire, appliquée au témoignage d'un agriculteur dont la trajectoire de transition est l'occasion d'illustrer les relations entre évolution des systèmes de culture et évolution du travail. L'approfondissement de ces questions serait stimulant pour les agronomes. |
| Keywords: | France, agroécologie, système de culture, étude du travail, organisation du travail, condition de travail, exploitation agricole, agronomie, élevage, petite exploitation agricole, changement technologique, système de production, emploi, travailleur agricole, Travail, Transition agroécologique, Agronomie, Trajectoire, transition agroécologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05182411 |
| By: | Farid Farrokhi; Elliot Kang; Heitor S. Pellegrina; Sebastian Sotelo |
| Abstract: | We study deforestation in a dynamic world trade system. We _rst document that between 1990-2020: (i) global forest area has decreased by 7.1 percent, with large heterogeneity across countries, (ii) deforestation is associated with expansions of agricultural land use, (iii) deforestation is larger in countries with a comparative advantage in agriculture, and (iv) population growth causes deforestation. Motivated by these facts, we build a model in which structural change and comparative advantage determine the extent, location, and timing of deforestation. Using the model, we obtain conditions under which reductions in trade costs and tariffs reduce global deforestation. Quantitatively, eliminating global agricultural tariffs has limited impacts on global forest area, leads to substantial forest reallocation across countries, and results in net welfare benefits. |
| Keywords: | International trade, deforestation, dynamics, land use, trade policy |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apc:wpaper:209 |
| By: | Mengting Li (School of Finance, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China); Yu Wei (School of Finance, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Oguzhan Cepni (Ostim Technical University, Ankara, Turkiye; University of Edinburgh Business School, Centre for Business, Climate Change, and Sustainability; Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the dynamic risk spillovers and frequency-domain connectedness between climate-related financial risk, traditional market volatility, and key macroeconomic variables in the overall European Union region. Employing a novel Mixed-Frequency Vector Autoregression with Frequency Domain Decomposition (MF-VAR-FDD) model, we analyze a unique dataset comprising weekly volatility indices for carbon (Carbon VIX), gold (Gold VIX), oil (Oil VIX), and equities (Euro VIX), alongside monthly data for industrial production, the ECB's shadow short rate, and inflation. This methodology allows for a nuanced decomposition of risk transmission across short-term (high-frequency) and long-term (low-frequency) horizons, providing critical insights that are obscured in common-frequency analyses. Our empirical results reveal a distinct asymmetry in the risk network: financial and commodity volatility indicators consistently act as net transmitters of risk, whereas macroeconomic fundamentals are systemic net receivers. The total spillover index is highly time-variant, exhibiting significant spikes that coincide with major economic and geopolitical events. The frequency decomposition further demonstrates that high-frequency (0-3 months) spillovers are predominantly driven by interactions within financial markets, with the Euro VIX playing a central role. Conversely, low-frequency (beyond 3 months) spillovers are more structural, with commodity price volatility (Oil VIX) and monetary policy expectations (ECB SSR) emerging as the largest long-term risk transmitter and receiver, respectively. More importantly, we find the prominent and pervasive role of the Carbon VIX as a source of systemic risk. Across the full sample, the Carbon VIX emerges as the most powerful net risk transmitter, indicating that volatility originating from the carbon market significantly propagates throughout the financial and macroeconomic system. Our findings, robust to alternative model specifications, underscore the imperative for policymakers and investors to integrate carbon market dynamics into their risk management frameworks and highlight the inadequacy of traditional models that ignore mixed-frequency information. |
| Keywords: | Carbon price uncertainty, Macroeconomy, Mixed-frequency Spillover, Time- and Frequency Domain |
| JEL: | C32 E30 E44 G10 Q02 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202527 |
| By: | Brian P. Hanley |
| Abstract: | In a series of papers, Garrett, et al, presents a thermodynamic economic model first laid out in "Are there basic physical constraints on future anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide?". This model contains a key conceptual issue that obscures a robust system. This system can link to the Energy Based Cobb-Douglas equation. The key conceptual problem is the belief that $\lambda$, the symbol for growth in Garrett 2011 would disprove the model if it was not constant. However, $\lambda$ cannot be a constant in an economic model, because $\lambda$, with dimension [$\frac{E}{\$ \; GWP}$], represents the aggregate efficiency of all of the more than 359 million firms (and by extension, households) making products globally. To clarify it, I define this aggregate production function distribution as $\Lambda(t) \equiv \sum {\lambda_i(t) \cdot \frac{P_i}{GWP}}$, and with light algebra assign a version of the Energy Based Cobb-Douglas (EBDC) function to $\lambda$. There are various falsified speculations in the body of work that appear to mostly follow from the original issue. The 50 year stable relation of $W$ to $E$ is close, but the trend is not flat. The form and degree to which the "long arm of history" speculation may be true remains to be fully considered, but is falsified in the form presented. The speculation in Garrett 2022 that $\frac{dE}{dt}\rightarrow0$ can cause real GDP to go to zero by inflation is falsified. By generating a dataset going back to -14, 000 CE, the speculative $W$ curve appears largely confirmed. The $E$ curve is quite far off prior to 1970 back to 1 CE due to overestimation of pre-industrial energy. By correcting and improving on the foundation issue of Garrett's yeoman effort, improving $E$ and some equation presentation formalism, a robust thermodynamic model of the global economy emerges that is straightforward and practical. |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2508.08723 |
| By: | De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Petracco, Carly Kathleen; Valli, Elsa; Sitko, Nicholas; D’Aietti, Laura |
| Abstract: | By using a multimethod strategy, we seek to generate more rigorous evidence on landscape restoration and its impacts at the household level. Using pre-restoration remote-sensing data, a machine-learning algorithm is used for the identification of similar pieces of land to Action Against Desertification (AAD) restoration sites. Comparison households were then selected from communities bordering these sites through a replication of the AAD targeting process. Finally, the impact analysis is based on propensity score adjustment techniques, applied to survey data. Overall findings suggest that participation in landscape restoration influenced household-livelihood strategies towards climate-resilient options, including a reduction of crop sales accompanied by an increase in the commercialization of livestock and livestock by-products. Households also planted more trees on their individual land, because of the restoration of communal and public lands. While this occurred without harming food security, we don’t observe a substantial increase in food security within treatment households. This suggests that food security support could be strengthened as part of restoration activities and/or that impacts of opportunity-led diversification may need a longer period to accrue. Larger impacts observed within the early takers of the programme reinforce these conclusions. Overall, the analysis also provides an innovative approach to ex-post evaluation settings. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365831 |
| By: | Markandya, Anil |
| Abstract: | This background paper to The State of Food and Agriculture 2023 reviews the methods used, as well as the data required, to estimate the hidden environmental, social and health costs associated with agrifood systems. The studies analysed are based on the true cost accounting approach, which can facilitate improved decision-making by policymakers, businesses, farmers, investors and consumers. The reviewed studies demonstrate that hidden costs of agrifood systems are considerable, and that action is needed at global, national and local levels. To apply true cost accounting at the country level, the methods developed must be downscaled and the data limitations overcome. This review goes through each cost category – environmental, social and health – and proposes approaches to deal with them, with a focus on country-level estimates and analysis, especially in data-scarce countries. Where data are not available or time is limited, methods combining secondary data are suggested. In some cases, the suggestion is to collaborate with research centres. The paper further argues that, when addressing hidden costs in agrifood systems, trade-offs may arise, which may require the use of more complex tools, such as partial and general equilibrium models, to analyse their impacts on different areas. In general, the extent of the compromise will be minimized if there are at least as many policy instruments as there are objectives. For example, if a country seeks to restore fish stocks and address rural poverty, restricting catch alone could increase poverty in the artisanal fishing community. Adding income support, however, could allow both objectives to be met. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365834 |
| By: | Thoto, Frejus; Mas Aparisi, Alban; Derlagen, Christian |
| Abstract: | The production and use of evidence for agricultural policy is critical to prioritizing and targeting effective agricultural transformation reforms in African countries. International development organizations have supported programmes that promote evidence-informed policies, however, this support has often been focused on short-term and externally driven solutions, with limited impact in the long run. Faced with this scenario, there is now a growing interest in the role of resilient and sustainable national systems that can generate organic evidence-informed agricultural policy. Yet, there is limited knowledge on how to map out and analyse such systems, which is critical to fostering their emergence and the later uptake of evidence in policymaking. This study draws on ecological science and social network analysis to develop and test a framework that can help understand evidence-policy systems and their potential to sustainably promote evidence-informed policymaking in the agricultural sector. Applying this framework in Benin, the study found that beyond the Ministry of Agriculture, other organizations produce, broker or use evidence such as data, research, evaluation and expert knowledge in a context that is influenced by the institutional rules and setup, the incentives in place and the funding landscape. Furthermore, the paper analyses the sustainability of the evidence-policy system in Benin through its power, resilience and capability. Finally, it provides policy recommendations with the key entry points to improve on and how a system like this can be used to improve agricultural policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:366852 |
| By: | Improta, Martina; De la O Campos, Ana Paula; Petracco, Carly; Davis, Benjamin |
| Abstract: | This study provides country-level estimates of productive inputs and assets utilized by farming households, including land, fertilizers, agrochemicals, water management technologies, improved seeds, and mechanization in 19 countries across the world covering the period 2014–2020, using the latest nationally representative survey. Additionally, we explore inputs’ distribution across various dimensions such as household per capita consumption, crop income specialization, and the gender of the household head, while considering the level of agricultural productivity across countries as proxied by agricultural value added per worker. Our descriptive analysis reveals that farming households continue to face challenges in accessing inputs, assets, and water sources to support agricultural production in most of the countries analysed regardless of their productivity level. A gender gap persists in access to land and inputs, in all the countries analysed, regardless of their rural transformation path. Our empirical analysis emphasizes the significance of utilizing these inputs and assets, highlighting their potential to increase crop income for households in our sample of countries. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Productivity Analysis |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:365820 |
| By: | Fernández Albe, Juan Manuel |
| Abstract: | ¿Puede una política diseñada para regular una especie pesquera modificar el comportamiento de otra fuera de ese régimen? Esta investigación aborda ese interrogante, explorando el efecto indirecto del régimen de Cuotas Individuales Transferibles de Captura (CITC) aplicado a la merluza común (Merluccius hubbsi ) sobre la pesquería de langostino patagónico (Pleoticus muelleri ), no cuotificada pero relevante en el sistema pesquero argentino . Se utiliza una estrategia metodológica mixta -análisis normativo, descriptivo y econométrico- para reconstruir la evolución institucional del CITC desde 2009 y evaluar sus efectos en gobernanza, sustentabilidad y planificación. Se presenta una línea de tiempo normativa y la evolución de la Captura Máxima Permisible (CMP), junto con el análisis de desembarques mensuales de ambas especies en 2007-2019. Los resultados muestran una estabilización de capturas de merluza post-CITC y un crecimiento sostenido del esfuerzo en langostino, especialmente tras 2009. Mediante un modelo autorregresivo de rezagos distribuidos (ARDL) se evalúa cómo variaciones en precios relativos, esfuerzo pesquero y la implementación del CITC inciden en capturas de langostino, confirmando un efecto indirecto significativo. La evidencia sugiere que las cuotas no sólo regulan la especie objetivo, sino que generan externalidades , reforzando la necesidad de un enfoque ecosistémico para un manejo más eficiente y sostenible. |
| Keywords: | Cuota de Pesca; Merluza; Langostino; Externalidades; Sistema Pesquero; Argentina; 2007-2019; |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4379 |