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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Cenacchi, Nicola; Petsakos, Athanasios; Robertson, Richard D.; Song, Chun; Mishra, Abhijeet |
| Abstract: | Food systems face dire challenges, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and resource overuse. To ensure their long-term sustainability and resilience they need urgent transformation, while continuing to support livelihoods and address rising food insecurity. The design and management of multifunctional agricultural landscapes offer a pathway to address these challenges; and improved understanding of landscape complexity, including a diverse mix of natural and cropland covers, can help advance achievement of multiple food system goals. As land managers and decision makers plan for the future of our landscapes, they need to recognize that powerful forces outside their control will have a strong influence on the final outcome. This study explores the interplay between global drivers—such as population growth, economic trends, climate change—and landscape complexity, using a modeling system linking a global agricultural economic model to a land-use model. Global trends are described, and Kenya serves as a case study, representing broader local dynamics. Results indicate that the majority of agricultural landscapes, globally and in Kenya, are projected to experience increased complexity by 2050, primarily through cropland expansion at the expense of natural habitats. However, there are a few instances where an expansion in cropland may be liked to a decrease in landscape complexity. Patterns also vary under alternative scenarios of agricultural development. Where greater complexity is achieved through policies that further concentrate agricultural land in some areas, this is mainly associated with net gains in natural habitats and a contraction of cropland. Overall, this preliminary research underscores the need for integrated landscape management and more comprehensive scenarios to inform sustainable land-use planning aligned with global food security and environmental objectives. |
| Keywords: | landscape; socioeconomics; climate change; agricultural policies; land-use change; modelling |
| Date: | 2025–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175363 |
| By: | Peng, Guanglei; Cao, Yang |
| Abstract: | The confusion of concepts has been present in the emerging propositions of the energy sector. In the research, we sort through the concepts of new energy, green energy, clean energy, recyclable energy, recycled energy, and renewable energy in order to clarify the concepts in terms of the basic scientific understandings in the context of primary energy (PE) production. We further categorize the emerging PE trends by their basic properties, i.e., sources from phosphates, geo-oscillation, and biosynthesis, so as to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in PE production. |
| Keywords: | bioenergy; energy strategy; new energy; phosphorylation; oscillation. |
| JEL: | Q01 Q20 Q30 Q40 Q50 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–02–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124960 |
| By: | Mancheño, Alejandra Gijón; Brander, Luke McKinnon; Jafino, Bramka Arga; Urrutia, Ignacio; Kazi, Swarna |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events due to its frequent exposure to floods and extensive low-lying areas. Coastal flood risks are expected to increase due climate change. Therefore, Bangladesh has been upgrading its coastal embankment system to enhance flood safety. This initiative includes not only hard flood defense infrastructure, but also nature-based solutions through planting mangroves on the seaside of embankments. Mangroves, serving as natural flood barriers, have been utilized in Bangladesh for coastal protection since the 1960s. However, their integration with embankment designs and their benefits in carbon sequestration remain underexplored. This paper consolidates current knowledge on the role of mangroves in coastal resilience in Bangladesh, incorporating recent studies and new analyses on their benefits on (i) flood risk reduction, (ii) livelihood enhancement, and (iii) carbon sequestration. The estimated benefits are mapped along the country's coastal system. The study identifies some of the most beneficial mangrove sites to be combined with embankment designs, such as a belt south of polder 45 (Amtali) with an average width of 1.77 kilometers, and a belt around the Kukri-Mukri polder with an average width of 1.82 kilometers. These mangrove forests can reduce the required thickness for slope protection by up to 80 percent, offer carbon service benefits of US$13, 120 per hectare (over 2022–50, at a 6 percent discount rate), and provide livelihood benefits of more than US$22, 000 per hectare. Other wide mangrove belts are found in Sandwip and Mirersarai. The findings aim to guide future investments in integrating mangroves into coastal protection systems, highlighting their triple dividends for building resilience. |
| Date: | 2025–07–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11175 |
| By: | Philumena BAUER (Institut für Management Accounting, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria); Dorothea GREILING (Institut für Management Accounting, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The 2022 Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive significantly expands the number of companies required to disclose non-financial information, now including many large municipal utilities (MUs) for the first time. The study focuses on 14 Austrian and German MUs and examines the current state, challenges, and opportunities of a double materiality analysis in line with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Methodologically, the study is based on a qualitative content analysis of 28 sustainability reports. In addition, five expert interviews were conducted with representatives of large Austrian MUs in February 2025. The findings show that only a few pioneering MUs have embedded their highly material topics in their corporate strategy. In other MUs, structured double materiality analyses have been carried out and can be allotted to the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) dimensions required by the CSRD. The identification of narrative and quantitative data points and the embeddedness in the strategy process is not yet completed. The 14 highly prioritized topics of MUs can be divided into three dimensions. The environmental dimension (E) focuses on five key aspects: (1) energy efficiency; (2) (greenhouse gas) emissions; (3) climate protection measures; (4) energy, heating and mobility transition and (5) reliable and high-quality waste disposal. The social dimension (S) also comprises five key topics: (1) health protection; (2) attractiveness as an employer; (3) security of service provision/security of supply; (4) sustainable cities and (5) product responsibility. In the governance dimension (G), four key aspects are very important: (1) compliance and anti-corruption; (2) security and data protection; (3) industry, innovation and sustainable infrastructure; and (4) efficient operations. There is a clear trend that "ESRS E1: Climate Change", "ESRS S1: Own Workforce" and "ESRS G1: Business Conduct" are of utmost importance for all studied MUs. The range of qualitative and quantitative data points is broad in the analysed MUs. This ranges from estimates of around 200 data points based on the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) guidelines to MUs that have already defined up to 650 qualitative and quantitative data points for their ESG reporting. Key challenges include the complexity of Scope 3 emissions accounting, a meaningful stakeholder engagement, and high consultancy costs. Despite regulatory uncertainty and differing levels of ESG maturity, the double materiality process offers strategic potential like corporate resilience or stakeholder trust improvement. Pioneering MUs can serve as benchmarks, while others should leverage best practices. However, policymakers need to address quite soon the uncertainties of an ESG reporting landscape that has been further fragmented by the EU Omnibus I proposal in February 2026 and should provide regulatory clarity. |
| Keywords: | Municipal Utilities, Austria, Germany, double materiality analysis, ESG-Reporting |
| JEL: | Q56 H83 M41 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crc:wpaper:2501 |
| By: | Philumena BAUER (Institut für Management Accounting, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria); Dorothea GREILING (Institut für Management Accounting, Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | The 2022 Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive significantly expands the number of companies required to disclose non-financial information, now including many large municipal utilities (MUs) for the first time. The study focuses on 14 Austrian and German MUs and examines the current state, challenges, and opportunities of a double materiality analysis in line with the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Methodologically, the study is based on a qualitative content analysis of 28 sustainability reports. In addition, five expert interviews were conducted with representatives of large Austrian MUs in February 2025. The findings show that only a few pioneering MUs have embedded their highly material topics in their corporate strategy. In other MUs, structured double materiality analyses have been carried out and can be allotted to the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) dimensions required by the CSRD. The identification of narrative and quantitative data points and the embeddedness in the strategy process is not yet completed. The 14 highly prioritized topics of MUs can be divided into three dimensions. The environmental dimension (E) focuses on five key aspects: (1) energy efficiency; (2) (greenhouse gas) emissions; (3) climate protection measures; (4) energy, heating and mobility transition and (5) reliable and high-quality waste disposal. The social dimension (S) also comprises five key topics: (1) health protection; (2) attractiveness as an employer; (3) security of service provision/security of supply; (4) sustainable cities and (5) product responsibility. In the governance dimension (G), four key aspects are very important: (1) compliance and anti-corruption; (2) security and data protection; (3) industry, innovation and sustainable infrastructure; and (4) efficient operations. There is a clear trend that "ESRS E1: Climate Change", "ESRS S1: Own Workforce" and "ESRS G1: Business Conduct" are of utmost importance for all studied MUs. The range of qualitative and quantitative data points is broad in the analysed MUs. This ranges from estimates of around 200 data points based on the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) guidelines to MUs that have already defined up to 650 qualitative and quantitative data points for their ESG reporting. Key challenges include the complexity of Scope 3 emissions accounting, a meaningful stakeholder engagement, and high consultancy costs. Despite regulatory uncertainty and differing levels of ESG maturity, the double materiality process offers strategic potential like corporate resilience or stakeholder trust improvement. Pioneering MUs can serve as benchmarks, while others should leverage best practices. However, policymakers need to address quite soon the uncertainties of an ESG reporting landscape that has been further fragmented by the EU Omnibus I proposal in February 2026 and should provide regulatory clarity. |
| Keywords: | Municipal Utilities, Austria, Germany, double materiality analysis, ESG-Reporting |
| JEL: | Q56 H83 M41 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crc:wpaper:2502 |
| By: | Sul-Ki Lee (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Addressing climate change and achieving a sustainable energy transition have emerged as two of the most urgent global challenges of the 21st century. In pursuit of net-zero targets, countries around the world are accelerating their deployment of renewable energy. Among these, offshore wind power has gained growing recognition as a strategic pillar of the global energy mix. Compared to onshore wind, offshore wind offers greater generation efficiency, has fewer environmental constraints, and is more conducive to large-scale project development.<p> South Korea has also underscored renewable energy expansion as a key pillar of its 2050 carbon neutrality strategy. In its 10th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand, the government set a target of installing 14.3 gigawatts (GW) of offshore wind capacity by 2030 and has introduced a range of policies and support measures to facilitate this goal.<p> Nevertheless, Korea’s offshore wind market and industry remain in an early stage of development. Structural challenges persist, including a high dependence on foreign-made equipment and weak competitiveness in the domestic supply chain. |
| Keywords: | alternative energy; renewable energy; green energy; wind power; wind energy; offshore wind; floating |
| JEL: | Q42 Q48 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:021419 |
| By: | Andrea Mario Lavezzi; Marco Quatrosi |
| Abstract: | In this article, we study the effects of organized crime infiltration in city councils on environmental policies implemented in Italy at the municipal level. To this purpose, we exploit the exogenous shock of the removal of a city council infiltrated by the mafia and its substitution with an external Commission, allowed in Italy by the law 164/1991. Our results suggest that after dissolution, environmental policies improve in several dimensions: the capital expenditure for sustainable development and the environment increases; the current expenditure on integrated water system increases; the percentage of sorted waste increases because, as we show, public expenditure is reallocated toward sorted waste at the expenses of unsorted waste. These results are robust to different specifications of the control group. In addition, we find significant spillover effects: the dissolution of infiltrated city councils implies an improvement in environmental policies in adjacent municipalities. Our results have a straightforward policy implication, the need to combat organized crime as a way to improve the environmental conditions of the territories plagued by its pervasive presence. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.18410 |
| By: | Bezemer, Dirk; Stumphius, Chris (University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | Financial development supports productive investment, but financialization may undermine it. We extend this insight to the energy transition, where sustainable finance is hoped to reduce emissions, but must do soin a financialized credit system and corporate environment. We analyze the green bond market in a global sample of 147 corporates across 10 industries over 2010-2020. In a matched-firm analysis we examine the effect of green bond issuance on a firm’s environmental performance post-issuance in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity. Different from earlier findings, green-bond issuers in this sample do not significantly improve their environmental performance post-issuance, neither in the full sample nor within industries. There are large differences between industries which suggest entry points to improve the effectiveness of green bonds. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gro:rugfeb:2024004-gem |
| By: | Pedersen, Michael |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant challenges to economic stability, particularly in vulnerable regions such as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). This paper examines the macroeconomic and monetary policy implications of climate risks in the region, focusing on both physical and transition risks. Physical risks, including extreme weather events and long-term climate shifts, disrupt productivity, infrastructure, and supply chains, intensifying inflationary pressures and hindering economic growth. Transition risks, driven by the shift to a low-carbon economy, impact key industries and labor markets, while also creating opportunities for green investments and innovation. The study explores how climate change disrupts the traditional monetary policy transmission mechanism, requiring central banks to adapt their frameworks and tools. It emphasizes the crucial role of central banks in integrating climate risks into monetary policy, promoting sustainable finance, and collaborating with fiscal authorities to enhance climate resilience. The findings highlight the importance of robust data collection, policy coordination, and regional cooperation to address these challenges effectively. By tailoring monetary policies to the LAC region’s distinct socio-economic and environmental context, central banks can play a key role in mitigating climate-related disruptions and fostering sustainable growth. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col037:81906 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Hurricane Beryl was the first major hurricane of the 2024 Atlantic season and the earliest-forming category 5 hurricane on record. It impacted Barbados as a category 3 storm while passing approximately 150 km south of the island, generating large swells and waves that affected the island’s south and west coasts. While the storm caused only moderate damage to basic infrastructure and did not trigger a humanitarian crisis, it caused substantial damage to coastal assets. The storm’s overall effects were estimated at 193 million Barbados dollars, equivalent to 0.15% of the country’s GDP. Damage accounted for 58% of the total effects, followed by losses (36%) and additional costs (5%). Tourism, fisheries and agriculture, and the environment accounted for 84% of total effects. Beryl’s early formation and its impact on Barbados serve as a reminder of the increasing unpredictability of climate patterns, which exacerbates the vulnerability of Caribbean small island developing States to extreme weather events. In this regard, it is paramount to continually strengthen all phases of disaster risk management, including risk assessment, prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response, to best equip countries and communities to navigate the impacts of extreme weather and climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–07–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:82157 |
| By: | Lorenzo, Santiago; Gramkow, Camila; Ferrer, Jimy; Francisco, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Countries often count greater growth, economic development and the fight against poverty and inequality among their priorities, but they also face global challenges related to climate action and the Paris Agreement. In this regard, economic development plans should be aligned with emissions reduction and climate resilience objectives. This report presents an analysis of the extent to which elements of Paris Agreement climate commitments (focusing on nationally determined contributions) are represented in selected national green economic development plans of Group of 20 economies. Ultimately, the analysis seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how national green economic development plans can help to mobilize investments to deliver on nationally determined contributions. The report highlights that improving the alignment of such plans with nationally determined contributions and climate goals is essential to provide investors and development partners with greater clarity and certainty on how national plans and strategies can help to fulfil climate commitments under the Paris Agreement. |
| Date: | 2025–07–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:82026 |
| By: | Hataminia, Soheil; Mohammadzadeh Asl, Nazi |
| Abstract: | Iran faces a widening sustainability gap as biocapacity stagnates while the ecological footprint expands. This study investigates how external debt, economic growth, natural resource rents, and renewable energy consumption affect the national load capacity factor—a composite index of biocapacity relative to ecological demand. Annual data for 1995–2023 were compiled from the World Bank and the Global Footprint Network. After verifying integration orders with Augmented Dickey–Fuller tests and selecting an optimal lag length, Johansen cointegration confirmed the presence of a long-run equilibrium relationship. Long-run coefficients were then estimated using Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS). Model adequacy was evaluated with Hansen and Park cointegration tests, Jarque–Bera normality, and Ljung–Box and ARCH diagnostics. FMOLS estimates revealed positive elasticities for external debt (0.12) and renewable energy consumption (0.11), indicating that prudent external financing and clean-energy expansion enhance Iran’s load capacity factor. Conversely, economic growth (–0.96) and natural resource rents (–0.12) exhibited negative elasticities, reflecting the resource-curse effect and the economy’s current position on the upward phase of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Diagnostic tests detected no autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, or coefficient instability. managed sovereign borrowing and accelerated investment in renewables can improve Iran’s environmental carrying capacity, provided that growth strategies become less resource-intensive and rent dependence diminishes. Policy measures should include carbon-linked fiscal rules, green load-capacity bonds, a natural-resource-rent stabilization fund, and an inflation-indexed carbon tax whose proceeds support renewable feed-in tariffs. |
| Keywords: | Ecological carrying capacity; Ecological footprint; External debt; Natural resource rent; Renewable energy consumption; Sustainable development; Iran |
| JEL: | O11 O13 O44 Q0 Q01 Q2 Q24 Q25 Q43 Q48 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125545 |
| By: | Matthew Kotchen; Giovanni Maggi |
| Abstract: | We examine positive and normative questions that arise with the joint use of carbon taxes and green subsidies in an open economy. Moving from autarky to free trade induces countries to introduce green subsidies and reduce carbon taxes, in order to reduce foreign emissions. In contrast to the “leakage” effect of carbon taxes, green subsidies are associated with “reverse leakage, ” as they decrease emissions both at home and abroad, and as a consequence, the availability of green subsidies tends to be good for global welfare. International climate agreements (ICAs) seek to increase carbon taxes, but the effect on green subsidies is more nuanced. An ICA removes green subsidies, even though they exert positive international externalities at the noncooperative equilibrium. If, however, policies can only be changed gradually, an ICA may start by increasing subsidies before decreasing them over time. We also consider the welfare implications of lobbying from the fossil and green energy sectors. In a noncooperative setting, we find that pressures from the fossil lobby tend to reduce welfare, whereas pressures from the green lobby tend to increase welfare. We also find that in the presence of lobbying, an ICA can decrease welfare relative to the noncooperative equilibrium, even if it changes carbon taxes and green subsidies toward their efficient levels. |
| JEL: | F18 H2 Q48 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34080 |
| By: | Jiayin Hu; Shang-Jin Wei; Jianwei Xing; Eric Zou |
| Abstract: | A central challenge in the climate crisis is how to mobilize collective action—and who can do it. We show that digital platforms can transform latent support for sustainability into measurable environmental outcomes, while also generating value for the platform itself. We study Ant Forest, a program embedded in Alipay, China’s leading fintech app, which rewards users’ low-carbon behaviors with game points redeemable for planting real trees in arid regions of the country. Since its launch in 2016, the program has engaged over 700 million users and funded the planting of 500 million trees. Using user-level data, we find that participation is significantly higher in cities that have experienced faster vegetation growth. We propose a “green experience” mechanism: visible environmental improvement fosters greater appreciation for nature and increases support for sustainability efforts elsewhere. Survey evidence supports this mechanism, with participants also citing gamification and warm glow as key motivators. We further document spillover effects: Ant Forest participation boosts donations to external environmental projects and increases overall use of the Alipay app. These findings highlight the potential of digital platforms to scale climate action while creating shared environmental and economic value. |
| JEL: | G20 L81 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34074 |
| By: | Yu, Winston; Goldblatt, Ran; Doeffinger, Tesss; Eisenberg, Ross Marc; Rubinyi, Steven Louis |
| Abstract: | With global climate change impacting cities around the world, local and national governments need to plan for and invest in solutions that mitigate the climate and disaster risks their populations and economies face. Urban flooding poses an acute threat to sustainable and equitable urban growth and wellbeing. While the primary benefit of investments in urban flood protection is the avoidance of future damages and losses, such investments can also provide secondary benefits that can help unlock localized economic potential and contribute toward green growth. Although secondary benefits of investments in urban flood protection can be difficult to assess and quantify, the growing availability of locally sourced and remotely sensed data opens new possibilities. This study presents a spatially focused methodology that employs proxies to provide further evidence of secondary benefits linked to large-scale investments in urban flood protection in Wroclaw, Poland. Within newly protected areas, the study finds increases in land and residential real estate values, and an increase in economic development in parallel to on an increase in nighttime light intensity and built-up area. The study also finds that the relative rate of change for land and residential real estate values, nighttime light intensity, and built-up area within areas newly protected from flooding outstripped that of other areas of the city. |
| Date: | 2025–07–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11178 |
| By: | Lin, Rui; Wang, Peggy |
| Abstract: | Climate change in California could greatly impact the state’s economy, nature, and public health. One strategy to reduce fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector is eco-driving. Eco-driving is a set of behaviors or driving styles that encourage fuel-efficient driving that could help minimize energy consumption anywhere from five to 30 percent. With the advance of connected-vehicle technologies, the dynamic eco-driving concept uses real-time vehicle-specific information to optimize vehicle speed and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt0kv2t239 |
| By: | Oscar Jaulin; Andrey Ramos |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of news about future technological advancements in the green sector. Utilizing the economic value of green patents granted to publicly listed companies in the U.S., we identify green technology news shocks via a convenient and meaningful rotation of the innovations from a Bayesian Vector Autorregresion Model (BVAR). These shocks are decomposed into two orthogonal components: i) a common technological component shared by both green and non-green innovation, that reproduces response patterns similar to those expected from a technology news shock with long-run impacts on productivity; and ii) an idiosyncratic component to green innovation inducing inflationary pressures and stock price reductions. The responses to the idiosyncratic component suggest the existence of a green transition news mechanism related to expectations of more rigorous carbon policies or stricter environmental standards in the future. The focus on green innovation deepens our understanding about the effect of technology-specific news shocks and provides information of practical importance for macroeconomic and environmental policies. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2507.18386 |
| By: | Rausch, Sebastian; Kalmey, Tim |
| Abstract: | Many governments still help to keep fossil fuels cheap - sometimes by directly paying part of the supply cost (explicit subsidies), and at other times by not including the hidden costs of pollution and health problems they cause in their price (implicit subsidies). But what is the true cost to us? Would it be a good idea for countries to discontinue these subsidies and ensure that fossil fuel prices reflect the full impact of using these energies? And to what extent would this help countries to achieve their climate targets under the Paris Agreement? We study these questions across a broad range of countries by combining economic modelling with detailed data on fossil fuel subsidies, external costs of fossil fuels and national income and product accounts. We find that a unilateral elimination of explicit and implicit subsidies on fossil fuels would improve public finances in most countries, raise more fiscal revenues for governments and considerably reduce CO2 emissions. About one third of countries would already meet their climate targets in this scenario, making additional policies like carbon pricing redundant. Eliminating all direct fossil fuel subsidies worldwide would have only a limited effect in curbing global emissions. However, addressing the hidden costs of fossil fuel use - by "getting energy prices right" - could reduce global carbon emissions by one third, while simultaneously increasing both global and country-level welfare. Our findings highlight that economic, fiscal and climate targets can, in principle, be aligned. |
| Keywords: | Fossil energy, subsidy, energy price, energy policy, greenhouse gas emissions |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:321912 |
| By: | Suproń, Błażej |
| Abstract: | Aim: The aim of this study is to econometrically assess the long-term impact of Green Deal-related regulatory areas on cereal crop production in European Union countries. Methods: The study is based on an analysis of panel data for 21 European Union countries for the period 1995–2021. The FGLS, PCSE and CCEMG models, which are robust to heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence, were used to determine the impact of agricultural CO2 emissions, agricultural area, food production volumes and fertilizer consumption on cereal production. In addition, a robust test of the Westerlund ECM panel test model was applied to confirm cointegration. All models were bootstrapped to strengthen the results. Results: The results show that, in the long run, a 10% increase in CO2 emissions from agriculture leads to an average decrease in cereal production of 0.5%. A 1% increase in cultivated area leads to a 1.1% positive change in the value of cereal production, and a 1% increase in fertilizer use per hectare leads to a 0.38% increase in cereal production. The value of the food production index also shows a positive effect on cereal production. If the index increases by 1 p.p., cereal production increases by 1.13% in the long term. The study also found a positive relationship between an increase in the share of renewable energy and the volume of cereal production. If the share of renewable energy increases by 1%, the volume of cereal production in the EU countries increases by 0.11%. Conclusions: Overall, it can be concluded that the green transformation brings both negative and positive aspects of change to agriculture. The decrease in cultivated land and reduced use of artificial fertilizers may negatively impact farm productivity in crop production areas. On the other hand, the improvement of climatic conditions and the development of renewable energies could be beneficial for agriculture in the long term. The study is original in the sense that it fills an empirical and theoretical gap related to the verification of the impact of the Green Deal on the cereal production sector and thus on agriculture in the European Union. |
| Keywords: | Cereal production; Agriculture; FGLS; Green transformation; European Union |
| JEL: | C23 O13 O47 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–03–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122723 |
| By: | Boysen Ole (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "Through the Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), the European Union recognises its responsibility for the deforestation, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and biodiversity loss associated with the products consumed by its citizens. For a defined set of products associated with high deforestation risk, including cocoa, the regulation requires proof that the covered products, if sold on or from the EU market, are not linked to recent deforestation and are produced in accordance with the national laws of the countries of origin. Given the EU’s status as a major global consumer of cocoa products, the regulation affects the entire supply chain, impacting numerous actors across many countries.This study develops and applies a global market model for cocoa and cocoa products to conceptualise and quantify the impact of the regulation on markets, farmer welfare, deforestation and CO2 emissions. The results of simulating alternative scenarios of how cocoa producing and consuming countries respond to the EUDR indicate large shifts in trade flows and a reduction in global cocoa production, while farmer welfare increases. Cocoa-related deforestation declines, but much less than the initial deforestation figures suggest due to leakage. However, the deforestation reduction effect will increase overproportionally if other major consumer countries adopt similar policies." |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202507 |
| By: | Delis, Manthos; Iosifidi, Maria |
| Abstract: | We develop a model of green lending to study its implications for monetary policy and environmental regulation. Banks finance firms’ brown and/or green projects. The costs of brown projects increase with rising regulatory stringency or when endogenous monetary policy affects the cost of funds. Both policies can elevate the equilibrium share of green lending, resulting in greener output. Our findings remain consistent when we introduce central banks with an explicit green objective (e.g., differential interest rates based on project type), forward-looking bank behavior, and adjustment costs. Additionally, we demonstrate the relative impacts of regulatory and monetary persistent regime changes. |
| Keywords: | Green lending; Green monetary policy; Environmental regulation |
| JEL: | E44 E52 G21 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125118 |
| By: | Jacqueline Adelowo |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent with climate change, yet cold stress events remain understudied. I use the 2021 Texas freeze to examine household adaptation to extreme weather-induced blackouts, focusing on (1) adaptation uptake, (2) socio-economic disparities in adaptive capacity, and (3) salience spillovers. Using an event study design, I analyze the timevarying effects of a one-off dosage treatment, defined as blackout exposure. I leverage novel data on installation permits for home generators and rooftop-solar-battery systems as adaptation measures. Results show a significant, robust response peaking in the second calendar quarter post-treatment, where a 10 percentage point increase in outages leads to 16.4 (8) additional quarterly permits per 10, 000 households for generators (solar-battery systems). Google search data suggests the 2021 freeze was widely associated with climate change for the first time, possibly explaining the adaptation response absent in earlier events. Notably, in addition to finding weaker responses for lower-income, less educated, and high-minority neighborhoods, I also identify a one-quarter delay in their response, highlighting disparities in both adaptive capacity and promptness. Salience spillovers further reinforce adaptation, which can be explained both by social connectedness and geographic proximity. My findings underscore the need for public outage resiliency investments and regulation to decrease unequal future exposure and policies that address inequities in climate resilience. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_416 |
| By: | Federico Colozza (UNIPV - Università degli Studi di Pavia [Italia] = University of Pavia [Italy] = Université de Pavie [Italie], ROMA TRE - Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University); Carlo Pietrobelli (UNU-MERIT - UNU-MERIT - United Nations University - Maastricht University, ROMA TRE - Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University); Antonio Vezzani (ROMA TRE - Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University, ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we investigate the relationship between participation in global value chains and the environment from a spatial perspective. By drawing on an original dataset on global value chain participation, emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides, and green patents for European regions, we present novel evidence about the relationship between global value chains, green technologies and air pollution at the regional level. Our findings suggest that although participation in global value chains may lead to lower polluting emissions, this effect largely depends on the capacity of regions to exploit the green knowledge deriving from participation and on the specific form of participation. When European regions are integrated with backward linkages (i.e., importing inputs to produce exports) they record lower levels of air pollution; conversely, participation through forward linkages (i.e., exporting inputs for other places' exports) leads to an increase in air pollution. Backward participation also come out to support the development of green technologies that mediate the effects of global value chains on the environment posited by the "Pollution Haven" hypothesis. Overall, the relationship between global value chains participation and air pollution will depend on the type of participation and on the capacity of territories to profit it for the development of green technologies. |
| Keywords: | Global value chains, Green technologies, Emissions, EU regions, Pollution haven hypothesis |
| Date: | 2024–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05136372 |
| By: | Qichun He (CEMA, Central University of Finance and Economics) |
| Abstract: | China's environmental pollution casts a shadow on its economic success. Concerning fiscal decentralization, China introduced the rule-based tax assignment systemin 1994. To avoid the structural change in underlying fiscal regimes, we use the provincial panel data during the period 1995-2010. We find that fiscal decentralization has no significant effect on environmental pollution as it is measured per capita emission of wastewater, waste gas or solid waste in system GMM (Generalized method of moments) estimation. Our results are robust when we use different measures of fiscal decentralization. We further find that fiscal decentralization has a significant, positive effect on pollution abatement spending and pollutant discharge fees, which indicates possible mechanisms for fiscal decentralization to help protect the environment |
| Keywords: | Fiscal decentralization, Environmental pollution, Pollution abatement spending, Pollutant discharge fees, Panel data |
| JEL: | H77 Q53 C23 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cuf:wpaper:776 |
| By: | Smolenska, Agnieszka |
| Abstract: | The EU’s sustainable finance agenda aims to accelerate the sustainability transition through the ‘greening’ of finance. How such greening may trigger institutional transformation in Member States is not well understood. However, the political economy literature has elevated the importance of non-market coordination and institutional complementarity in sustainability transitions. The article investigates sustainable finance uptake in four distinct Member States (the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden). Green bond legal documentation is analysed for three dimensions of firm-finance coordination: exchange of information, monitoring and sanctioning. The micro-level analysis identifies local adaptations that relate to how actors incorporate sustainability commitments and the EU sustainable finance rules into financial transactions and whether they conceive these as a source of risk (the Netherlands and Sweden) or a guarantee of profit (Poland and Spain). One jurisdiction (Poland) is further differentiated by a strong legal sanctioning mechanism resulting from legal factors and the presence of international financial institutions. Notwithstanding local adaptations, several micro – and meso-level transformations are identified, such as the consistent emergence of new forums for both market and non-market coordination. The political economy impacts and micro-level tensions identified in the article highlight how comparative legal analysis can anticipate the sites of broader political struggles. |
| Keywords: | EU Green Deal; green bonds; comparative political economy; institutional complementarity; sustainable finance |
| JEL: | F3 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–07–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128943 |
| By: | Sapovadia, Vrajlal |
| Abstract: | This research paper explores the phenomenon of "port de-industrialization" within the contemporary context of rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the escalating impacts of climate change. While many ports globally, including major Indian ports like Paradip and Vadhavan, continue to pursue industrial growth, the confluence of AI-driven automation and climate-induced disruptions necessitates a re-evaluation of traditional port development models. This paper argues that over-industrialization can lead to environmental degradation, infrastructure overload, and regional imbalances, prompting a strategic shift towards de-industrialization in certain port areas. Leveraging insights from strategic management theories, the study examines how ports can proactively adapt to these forces, transforming from heavily industrialized zones to more diversified, technologically advanced, and environmentally sustainable maritime hubs. It analyzes the role of AI in optimizing port operations and facilitating a leaner, more efficient structure, while simultaneously addressing climate change vulnerabilities through adaptive planning. The paper concludes by outlining a framework for strategic management and adaptation, emphasizing the need for flexible governance, stakeholder collaboration, and continuous innovation to navigate the complexities of a de-industrializing port landscape. Study sunsetting strategies for ports no longer viable due to AI trade compression or climate impact. |
| Keywords: | Port De-industrialization, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Climate Change, Strategic Management, Port Adaptation, Sustainable Ports, India. |
| JEL: | A11 G2 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125231 |
| By: | Karen Clay; Akshaya Jha; Joshua A. Lewis; Edson R. Severnini |
| Abstract: | This paper documents the evolution of US carbon emissions and discusses the main factors that contributed to the historical carbon emissions rollercoaster. We divide the discussion into four periods – up to 1920, 1920-1960, 1960-2005 and after 2005. For each period, we discuss the main drivers of national carbon emissions. We then discuss trends in carbon emissions in the electricity sector. Electricity sector emissions were initially very small, but would become the largest source of US carbon emissions over the period 1980-2015, and the largest contributor to decarbonization since 2007. In the final section, we distill lessons from the U.S. experience that may inform decarbonization strategies in developing economies. |
| JEL: | N72 Q31 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33983 |
| By: | Escribano, Álvaro; Rodríguez, Juan Andrés |
| Abstract: | The year 2024 marked a critical milestone in global warming, with average global temperatures exceeding pre-industrial levels by 1.55°C— the highest on human historyrecords. Polar ice loss, largely attributed to anthropogenic CO₂ emissions has profound social, economic and financial implications that demand rigorous analysis. This study assesses the impact of atmospheric CO₂ on Arctic and Antarctic sea-ice volume usingnonlinear dynamic econometric models. We extend prior sea-ice forecasting models to allow for regime-switching specifications—Threshold Autoregressive (TAR) and Smooth Transition Regressions (STR) models—to capture the complex, nonlinear, and state-dependent responses of the sea-ice to CO₂ concentration changes. Our main contribution is to provide a flexible, reduced-form alternative to general circulation models (GCMs) for evaluating long-run climate scenarios under various emissions trajectories, including IPCC’s Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Results suggest Arctic sea-ice could disappear by 2060 [2045–2078] under a business-as-usual scenario, while Antarctic loss may extend beyond 2100 [2071–2300]. Importantly, models accounting for threshold effects reveal critical recovery tipping points that simpler linear climate models may overlook. Under an intermediate emissions path like SSP2-4.5, a fast recovery of sea-ice volume remains possible if regime shifts are driven by changes in CO₂ growth rates, with estimated tipping points for reversal occurring around 2033 for the Arctic and 2037 for the Antarctic. In contrast, the outlook is less favorable if regime dynamics are determined by CO₂ concentration levels: no recovery is projected for the Arctic, and the Antarctic recovery tipping point is delayed until 2069. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Climate econometrics; Sea ice; CO₂; Concentration; General circulation models (GCMs); Shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs); Tipping points |
| JEL: | C32 C38 C51 C52 C5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:47734 |
| By: | Olimpia Carradori (University of Zurich - Department of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute); Felix von Meyerinck (University of Zurich - Department of Finance); Zacharias Sautner (University of Zurich - Department of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)) |
| Abstract: | We study the determinants, structure, implementation, and effects of carbon underwriting policies among the world’s largest insurers. Adoption is more common among European insurers and less so among specialty and unlisted firms, with coal policies preceding those for oil and gas. Using novel mine-insurance data, we show that implementation is often incomplete, and some insurers expand coal coverage despite commitments. On average, insurers reduce the number of insured mines by 16%, insured coal volumes by 56%, and make continued coverage 13pp less likely. Affected mines are more likely to be abandoned and experience constrained operations. |
| Keywords: | Insurance underwriting, carbon emissions, climate change, insurance companies, coal mining |
| JEL: | G22 Q54 L71 L51 D22 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2558 |
| By: | Blackman, Allen; Jeuland, Marc; Leguizamo, Emilio |
| Abstract: | The ability of countries in Latin America to achieve net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mid-century, the target set by the Paris Agreement, will depend critically on citizen support. To gauge this support, we administered a contingent valuation survey to representative samples in seven of the regions leading GHG emitting countries and in the United States, which is used as a comparator. The survey elicits respondents willingness to pay (WTP) for achieving net zero by 2050 and uses a split sample design to test whether WTP is affected by the distribution of decarbonization costs across households. Our estimates of mean WTP in the Latin American study countries are on par both with our estimate for the United States, and with estimates from a recent CV study for China, Sweden, and the United States. However, among the Latin American study countries, mean WTPs for Argentina and Brazil are relatively low. We also find that the distribution of the costs of decarbonization across households does not have a clear effect on WTP and that the drivers of WTP for our Latin American study countries are similar to those the literature has identified in other regions. |
| Keywords: | Contingent Valuation;stated preference;Net Zero;Argentina;Brazil;Chile;Colombia;Ecuador;Mexico;Peru |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14188 |
| By: | Adrien Delahais (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Vincent Viguié (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is expected to cause increasingly severe economic and social disruptions, making adaptation a key pillar of climate policy. Assessing the economic costs of climate impacts is essential to inform adaptation strategies, especially when these costs are used to calibrate the scale of adaptation investments and to weigh adaptation needs against other policy priorities. Yet, estimates of these costs vary widely across studies. Here we compare the estimated economic cost of climate change for France across two lines of evidence: international macroeconomic studies and national policy documents. We find that recent macroeconomic literature, especially econometric studies, produces much higher cost estimates than those that can be inferred from aggregating national policy assessments. This discrepancy can be attributed to methodological lag, limited sectoral coverage, lack of monetization, and the omission of cross-border effects. Besides, we also show that while the national institutional literature is extensive, many broad impact categories lack comprehensive quantification, and even fewer are monetized. |
| Keywords: | Climate change impacts, Economic cost of climate change, Climate adaptation, National climate change risk assessment, France |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-05136840 |
| By: | Martínez, Ignacio; Valenciano, Andres; Velloso, Helvia; Perrotti, Daniel E. |
| Abstract: | Financing the transition to a green economy in Latin America and the Caribbean demands innovative approaches to address the region’s significant investment gap, estimated at 7%–11% of GDP annually by 2050. This publication focuses on the financial strategies underpinning green productive development policies, which make up a transformative and comprehensive framework that integrates economic goals with environmental sustainability. Key insights include strategies to reallocate subsidies, lower capital costs and foster private sector investment through blended finance and institutional capital. Innovative tools like green, social and sustainability-linked bonds have emerged as pivotal instruments to channel investments into priority areas and must be enhanced. However, in order to scale up sustainable financing, systemic barriers such as underdeveloped financial markets, regulatory inefficiencies and macroeconomic instability must be addressed. This report also emphasizes the role of robust governance and regional collaboration in optimizing resource allocation, and offers actionable recommendations that provide policymakers and stakeholders with a financial road map to harness green productive development policies as a catalyst for sustainable, inclusive and resilient growth in the region. |
| Date: | 2025–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81506 |
| By: | Elgersma, Simon (University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | Facing possible disaster, countries can mitigate the risk of disaster or invest inadaptation to lower the impact of disaster. Contrary to a cooperative outcome, under non-cooperation the possibility to adapt can affect incentives to mitigate.We model this tradeoff in a transboundary pollution game where countries face anendogenous regime shift. We study a cooperative outcome and a non-cooperativeMarkov Perfect Nash Equilibrium. We find that mitigation efforts are reduced bythe possibility to adapt, but this reduction is larger in a non-cooperative than acooperative outcome. Furthermore, free-riding becomes more intense when eitherthe impact of the disaster or the sensitivity of the hazard rate to the pollution stockincreases. Finally, the gains from cooperation increase heavily when adaptation ispossible. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gro:rugfeb:2024008-eef |
| By: | Benini, Giacomo (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Enstad, Erik (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Mersha, Amare Alemaye (Dept. of Economics, University of Milan); Rossini, Luca (Dept. of Economics, University of Milan) |
| Abstract: | This study provides the first global, plant-level assessment of both technical and environmental efficiency in steel production using a novel micro-dataset covering 147 steel mills across 50 countries from 2019 to 2023. Applying a Stochastic Directional Distance Function, we estimate each plant’s distance to the production frontier and compute the shadow price of CO2e emissions. Our results reveal a robust negative correlation between inefficiency and marginal abatement cost: technically efficient electric arc furnace (EAF) mini-mills — particularly prevalent in North America — display low inefficiency scores (∼0.2) and face high marginal abatement costs (up to 13.4 USD/ton). Conversely, integrated plants in developing countries often operate inefficiently (scores up to ∼0.8) but can abate emissions at very low cost (∼0.4 USD/ton), with Europe positioned between these two extremes. Estimated shadow prices are consistently lower than prevailing carbon market rates, highlighting a systemic under-valuation of emissions in the absence of regulatory pressure. This underpricing, in turn, reflects the highly uneven technological and economic conditions across steel plants worldwide, reinforcing the need for climate policies that account for both efficiency levels and plant configurations, and that tailor interventions to the specific costs and capacities of decarbonization. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Efficiency; Shadow Price of Emissions; Steel Industry; Stochastic Directional Distance Function; Technical Efficiency |
| JEL: | Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–08–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2025_023 |
| By: | Alessia Camplomi; Harald Fadinger; Chiara Forlati; Sabine Stillger; Ulrich J. Wagner |
| Abstract: | Carbon leakage undermines the effectiveness of unilateral carbon pricing. Taxes on import-embedded emissions, like the EU’s CBAM, prevent leakage but their product coverage is limited due to strong information asymmetries. We propose an alternative policy (LBAM) that sterilizes carbon leakage without requiring information on foreign carbon intensities. In a quantitative trade model, LBAM tariffs significantly improve over the EU’s CBAM in terms of global emissions and EU welfare. Importantly, LBAM avoids large welfare losses among EU trading partners that would result if CBAM were extended to all sectors. Combining LBAM tariffs with equivalent export subsidies reinforces these advantages. |
| Keywords: | Carbon leakage, Carbon Border Adjustment, C02 tax, Trade policy |
| JEL: | F13 F64 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_495v3 |
| By: | Terzi, A.; Ramsay, A. |
| Abstract: | As climate change intensifies, it is expected to affect countries across the globe in highly heterogeneous ways, depending on each nation's geographical location and level of development. Yet, most long-term economic projections do not take this factor explicitly into account. Could climate-induced weather events shape the relative wealth – and therefore geopolitical clout – of countries over the 21st century? In this paper, we present GDP projections for 164 countries between 2025 and 2100 under different SSP-RCP scenarios. Three fundamental conclusions emerge. First, under any climate scenario, the world is heading towards a multipolar equilibrium, with the US, China and Europe remaining the dominant economic blocs. India is on the rise, but is not currently expected to match the scale of these three by century’s end. Second, the global concentration of GDP is projected to decline, indicating increasing potential for geopolitical fragmentation and a relative "rise of the Rest". Third, a scenario marked by heightened geopolitical rivalry would exacerbate climate damages and harm growth in all countries, but particularly so for emerging markets, making China's surpassing of the US even more unlikely. Despite the large direct nominal losses arising from climate change, our results suggest that its indirect effects—through slower productivity growth and demographic shifts—will be even more consequential in shaping the future wealth of nations. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Geopolitics, Socio-Economic Pathways, Economic Growth, International Political Economy |
| JEL: | F02 F52 O44 O47 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2548 |
| By: | Broadstock, David C.; Fouquet, Roger; Kim, Jeong Won |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the relationship between carbon prices and the financial value of United Kingdom companies. It shows that the financial market co-moves with the UK-ETS at least as much as it does with other major energy commodities (i.e., oil, gas and electricity prices), and carbon prices are becoming the single most important energy or environmental variable to consider in determining corporate value. The results indicate that 14.1 % of total market capitalisation is exposed to carbon pricing ‘risk’, 20 % or more of the time. The Energy sector has the largest exposure with £251bn (41.51 % of this sector) exposed at least 20 % of the time. This is equivalent to one-twelfth of the economy’s GDP. Within the Energy sector, 13.5 % of all observations indicate net-positive relationship between carbon pricing and stock returns - these are likely to be associated with low carbon energy sources and technologies. The Financial sector is the second most affected sector with £117bn exposed to carbon pricing at least 20 % of the time. Finally, it is shown that information on ‘carbon sensitivity’ can be utilised to construct investment portfolios wherein carbon sensitive stocks under-perform against the market, while carbon insensitive (‘immune’) stocks closely track market benchmarks, depending on investment weighting strategy. |
| Keywords: | empirical asset pricing; emissions trading scheme; carbon prices; energy prices; dynamic model averaging |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128928 |
| By: | Lafond, François; Ren, Xiyu (Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford); Marotta, Fulvia (Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | In the UK, aggregate emissions intensity has declined by about a factor of two over the last three decades. Prior research attributes most of this decline to reductions within industries rather than shifts in the composition of economic activity. This paper investigates whether such within industry progress primarily reflects industry-specific factors or common forces operating across industries. Using a newly constructed panel of UK industry-level GHG emissions and gross value added for 1990–2022, we estimate a block-level dynamic factor model that decomposes changes in emissions intensity into global, block-level, and idiosyncratic components. We find that industry-specific factors account for the majority of variation in emissions intensity changes, though common shocks, either global or at the level of groups of industries, play a smaller but non-negligible role. We further show how patterns of co-movement partly reflect the way that emissions are recorded at the activity level and allocated to industries, a feature with implications for interpreting industry-level decarbonization dynamics. |
| Keywords: | Emissions intensity, Sectoral heterogeneity, Dynamic factor models, Climate policy, Environmental macroeconomics, Directed technical change |
| JEL: | Q54 O33 C38 E32 C32 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-15 |
| By: | Seyedalireza Seyedi; Elettra Agliardi (University of Bologna); Anastasios Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | This study develops a finite-horizon optimal control model linking forest biomass, biodiversity, cumulative extraction, and stochastic disturbance shocks to assess three governance regimes: non-cooperative management with free terminal states (OLNE-Free) and two cooperative approaches - one with fixed ecological targets (Regulator-Fixed) and another with flexible endpoints (Regulator-Free). Non-cooperative harvesters prioritize short-term extraction, overlooking biodiversity's contribution to productivity and allowing extraction to accumulate. In contrast, cooperative regimes internalize ecological values and dynamically adjust harvest effort, resulting in improved ecological and economic outcomes. Cooperative management moderates harvesting intensity, enhances biodiversity, and increases overall welfare compared to non-cooperative approaches. Implementing mechanisms - such as fees, taxes, or regulations - that align private incentives with social values helps decentralize cooperation and buffers outcomes against parameter variability. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that cooperative regimes consistently influence ecological changes and tend to promote more stable long-term dynamics. These findings highlight the critical role of biodiversity valuation and flexible cooperation in advancing sustainable forest management amid ecological and economic indeterminacies. |
| Keywords: | Forest dynamics, Biodiversity, Finite-horizon cooperative governance |
| Date: | 2025–07–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2549 |
| By: | Vollmer, Anita; Ceolotto, Stefano; Farrell, Niall |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp794 |
| By: | M. Trabandt (Audencia Business School); W. Lasarov (Audencia Business School); R. Mai; S. Hoffmann |
| Abstract: | Access-based consumption, such as car sharing or ride-hailing, is often promoted as a more sustainable alternative to ownership-based models, combining both society-related (e.g., sustainability) and self-related (e.g., cost savings) benefits. However, this promise of sustainability can backfire when consumers substitute lower-emission alternatives—such as biking or public transportation—with access-based services, a phenomenon we define as overconsumption. Across two laboratory experiments (n = 351; n = 388) and a field study (n = 167) in different mobility contexts, we demonstrate that communication strategies activating both self-related and society-related benefits—although effective in increasing participation—can unintentionally foster overconsumption. In contrast, activating society-related benefits alone significantly curbs this effect. We identify self-enhancement as the central underlying mechanism driving these effects in a dual role. While self-enhancement increases both participation and overconsumption, its impact is contingent on consumers' environmental identity. Specifically, self-enhancement promotes sustainable participation among individuals with higher environmental identity but encourages overconsumption among those with lower environmental identity. Our findings offer actionable insights for marketers, policymakers, and nonprofits by outlining communication strategies that maximize engagement while minimizing environmental harm in the promotion of access-based consumption. |
| Keywords: | access-based consumption environmental identity overconsumption self-enhancement self-related benefits sharing society-related benefits |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05145211 |
| By: | Wang, Dieter; Kollenda, Philipp; de Smit, Veerle; Rigaud, Kanta Kumari; Gatiso, Tsegaye Ginbo; Golub, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The Republic of Congo, a country with extensive tropical forests and low deforestation rates, needs to balance export-driven development, especially through timber production, and sustainable forest management. Despite national commitments to conserve and restore forests, such efforts remain underfunded. Empirical analysis shows that historical deforestation is closely tied to timber and agricultural export prices, the real effective exchange rate, dry weather, and demographic trends. Under a business-as-usual scenario, deforestation could rise sharply without effective policy interventions. Sangha and Likouala provinces, which are rich in undisturbed forests and new concessions, are particularly at risk. Past oil-driven revenues have contributed to lower deforestation by shifting economic focus away from land-intensive activities; however, transitioning from oil dependency requires diversification into the forest sector which in turn requires strengthening sustainable logging practices and more robust institutional frameworks. This research provides a model-based benchmark to define key performance indicators for deforestation reductions and to set feasible and ambitious targets for protecting forests while pursuing diversified economic growth. Transparent performance indicators along with feasible, but ambitious targets are a critical for results-based financing instruments. They are critical to unlock public and private capital to support economic growth and conserve the standing forests. This model has relevance to the other Congo Basin and tropical forest countries with extensive forests. |
| Date: | 2025–07–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11177 |
| By: | Ceolotto, Stefano; Kakkar, Pranav; Farrell, Niall |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp806 |
| By: | François Destandau (SAGE - Sociétés, acteurs, gouvernement en Europe - ENGEES - École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, ENGEES - École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | The question of spatially differentiated pollution policies first appeared in the economic literature in the early 1970s. For the past 50 years, economists have considered how best to introduce location-specific pollution policies such as Pigovian taxes or tradable permits, and on the basis of which site-specific attributes (polluter characteristics, pollution diffusion, environmental objective, etc.). This article reviews the questions raised and the theoretical results obtained. The central question is when to take account of the local characteristics and when to apply a uniform policy. Through this question, the authors seek to improve environmental policies to fight pollution more effectively. |
| Keywords: | Spatialized Regulation, Pollution, Tradable Permits, Pigovian Taxation, Spatialized Regulation Pollution Tradable Permits Pigovian Taxation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05156444 |
| By: | Lorde, Troy |
| Abstract: | Tourism-dependent small states offer valuable insights into sustainability, resilience, cultural identity and crisis management. With limited resources, fragile ecosystems and undiversified economies, these states face challenges that amplify global tourism debates. This essay synthesises small state theory, tourism development theories, the sustainability framework, the cultural preservation and identity framework and crisis management strategies to highlight how small states provide scalable solutions for global tourism challenges, offering lessons in adaptive governance, sustainable tourism development and cultural resilience. Case studies from Bhutan, Barbados, Dominica, Fiji, Seychelles, Palau and Samoa illustrate innovative policies in high-value tourism, environmental conservation, cultural protection and disaster resilience. Their experiences challenge conventional tourism growth models, emphasising sustainability over mass expansion. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, resilience, cultural identity, small states, tourism-dependence |
| JEL: | A10 O57 |
| Date: | 2025–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124690 |
| By: | Gschossmann, Isabella; Kok, Christoffer; De Cicco, Valentina |
| Abstract: | Do climate stress tests affect bank credit supply to brown firms? Using a difference-in-differences approach and detailed data on individual bank loans in the euro area, this paper provides novel evidence on the effects of the ECB’s 2022 climate risk stress test. Despite no capital implications or public disclosures, participating banks significantly reduced credit to greenhouse gas-intensive industries relative to nonparticipants. Among affected firms, smaller borrowers were more negatively impacted. Notably, only the best-performing banks in the climate stress test significantly reduce their brown credit after participation. This is evidence that banks which are more advanced in climate risk management more proactively consider transition risks in their lending. In contrast, banks less advanced in managing climate risk do not to the same extent discriminate against polluting firms. JEL Classification: E51, G21, G28 |
| Keywords: | banking supervision, climate risk, climate stress test |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253088 |
| By: | Sara Kayouh ((LARCEPEM) - Laboratoire de Recherche en Compétitivité Economique et Performance Managériale (LARCEPEM)Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en performance et Compétitivité Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Sociales – Souissi Université Mohammed V- Rabat. Maroc); Omar Hniche ((LARCEPEM) - Laboratoire de Recherche en Compétitivité Economique et Performance Managériale (LARCEPEM)Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en performance et Compétitivité Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Sociales – Souissi Université Mohammed V- Rabat. Maroc) |
| Abstract: | This theoretical article aims to propose a conceptual model of good governance within Moroccan sportsfederations, based on a critical and integrative review of the literature. The objective is to fill a theoretical gap inthe context of the Global South and to suggest concrete pathways for policymakers. An Integrative Review wasemployed to analyze academic and institutional contributions on sports governance. Based on this analysis, amodel was developed incorporating variables such as transparency, democracy, internal control, and socialresponsibility, intended to be tested within Moroccan collective sports federations. The expected results aim tostrengthen the theoretical foundations of sports governance in Morocco. |
| Abstract: | Cet article théorique vise à proposer un modèle conceptuel de la bonne gouvernance dans les fédérationssportives marocaines, en s'appuyant sur une revue critique et intégrative de la littérature. L'objectif est decombler un vide théorique dans le contexte tiers-mondialiste et de suggérer des pistes concrètes pour lesdécideurs. Une Revue Intégrative a été mobilisée pour analyser les contributions académiques et institutionnellessur la gouvernance sportive. À partir de cette analyse, un modèle incluant des variables comme la transparence, la démocratie, le contrôle interne et la responsabilité sociale a été développé, destiné à être testé dans lesfédérations marocaines de sport collectif. Les résultats attendus visent à renforcer les fondements théoriques dela gouvernance sportive au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy education, Energy transition, Training, Sustainable Development Goals, Morocco. |
| Date: | 2025–07–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05151651 |
| By: | Roy Cerqueti (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]); Carmine da Fermo; Marco Nicolosi (Link Campus University [Roma] = Università degli Studi Link [Roma]) |
| Abstract: | Assets' returns can be efficiently clustered in regimes, that are suitably defined non‐overlapping intervals creating a partition of the real numbers. This paper explores the relationship between the transition probabilities from one regime to another in assets' returns and the assets' MSCI Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) scores. We apply the proposed methodology to the relevant empirical instance of the assets in the STOXX® Global 1800 Index. We consider three regimes—low, medium and high, on the basis of the variation range of the considered returns. Regimes are endogenous, in that their identification comes out from an entropy‐based optimization problem over the possible ranges of variation of the returns. We specifically investigate the possible linear relationship between transition probabilities among regimes and the ESG scores for different geographic regions, namely, America, Europe and Asia Pacific. The reference empirical period is the quadrennium 2018–2021. Results suggest that assets that are low ranked in ESG tend to remain in the low state of returns, if they are in the low state, while they tend to switch from higher to lower return states when the initial state is higher. On the other hand, assets that are highly ranked in the ESG dimensions, are likely to switch from a lower to a higher return state, when they are in a lower state or to remain in the same state when they are in a higher state. Results are more evident for America and Asia Pacific regions rather than Europe where regulation on ESG integration is at a more developed stage with respect to the other regions. |
| Keywords: | ESG scores, regimes for assets' returns, Shannon entropy, transition probabilities |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05114157 |
| By: | Kostarakos Ilias (European Commission - JRC); Marques Santos Anabela (European Commission - JRC); Molica Francesco (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The impacts of the green and the digital transitions on the regional economic structure of the European Union are of paramount importance and have been at the forefront of the recent policy discussions. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion by developing a composite indicator to assess the overall risks imposed by the twin transition on the EU’s NUTS2 regions. The indicator focuses on two key aspects: the regions’ vulnerabilities and their readiness to adapt to the challenges of the transition. The risk index highlights the large degree of heterogeneity in terms of the risk imposed by the transition process, with the less-developed regions emerging as the most vulnerable. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:termod:202508 |
| By: | Edoardo Baldoni (European Commission, Joint Research Centre); Roberto Esposti (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM)) |
| Abstract: | This paper concerns the application of the Treatment Effect logic to the assessment of environmental policy measures. Staggered treatment entry is admitted and, unlike most literature in the field, both dynamic treatment effects (carryover effect or time interference) and spatial interference (contagion or spillovers) are admitted. This circumstance is referred to as general interference. An appropriate theoretical framework is developed to integrate general interference in adopters' decision making. The identification and estimation approach adapts the procedure recently proposed by Wang (2023). This theoretical framework and estimation approach are applied to the adoption of organic farming in Italian agriculture under the EU support during period 2014-2022. Results confirm that disregarding one of these sources of interference may induce misleading evidence resulting in inappropriate policy conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Staggered Treatments, Dynamic Treatment Effects, Spatial Interference, Environmental Policy, Organic Farming. |
| JEL: | C21 C22 C23 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:497 |
| By: | Mounia Kalif (Groupe ISCAE: Institut supérieur de commerce et d’administration des entreprises); Karim Charaf (Goupe ISCAE, Institut supérieur de commerce et d'administration des entreprises) |
| Abstract: | The concepts of sustainability and management control are of interest to researchers in a separate capacity. The concept of sustainability has become a primary concern for governments, institutions, businesses and individuals alike. Concurrently, management control systems are experiencing substantial changes, both in theory and in practice. The factors of sustainable development and its sustainability objective are considered contingent upon the design of control systems. This growing interest and evolution in the field necessitate a comprehensive examination of the interrelationship between these two concepts, which can be achieved through a systematic analysis of the integration of sustainability into management control systems. There is an increasing integrative approach to management control systems. This semi-systematic review is part of this debate and aims to analyse studies carried out and published in peer reviewed journals indexed in well-known databases (Elsevier, Emerald, Springer, etc.). The review encompassed 46 articles, which were analysed by theme to identify theoretical relationships that could be utilised in future research. The results obtained demonstrate two key findings. Firstly, there is an upward trend in research in this field with a view to enriching the theory of environmental management control systems. Secondly, sustainability is integrated into the practices, strategy, processes and financial communication of companies to varying degrees through sustainable reporting and ESG. The present review makes two principal contributions. Firstly, it responds to a call for further literature reviews on this subject. Secondly, it offers a practical solution in the form of a structured overview of the results of several articles, which in turn provide new avenues for theoretical or empirical research. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, management control systems, environmental control, integration, contrôle environnemental |
| Date: | 2025–06–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05146711 |
| By: | Sara Dezalay (ESPOL-LAB - ESPOL-LAB - ESPOL - European School of Political and Social Sciences / École Européenne de Sciences Politiques et Sociales - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille, IMAF - Institut des Mondes Africains - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESPOL - European School of Political and Social Sciences / École Européenne de Sciences Politiques et Sociales - ICL - Institut Catholique de Lille - UCL - Université catholique de Lille) |
| Abstract: | This paper asks: what does socio-legal enquiry tell us about one of the most pressing problems of our time— climate change? Can (and should) socio-legal enquiry provide a meaningful critique of the so-called green transition? Law's ubiquity in the ongoing phase of capitalism—from the predominance of private contracts in the regulation of relations between states and transnational corporations to the formidable growth of transnational dispute settlement mechanisms since the turn of the 1990s raises a challenge for socio-legal enquiry. Where do we put the cursor of law's empowering potential as opposed to its enabling role in reproducing patterns of inequality and domination? This challenge is complicated by the fact that the green transition is seemingly pitting the United States and Europe against two so-called peripheries—China as the powerhouse of the lithium-ion batteries used for electric cars and other devices of the transition away from carbon, and Africa, specifically the Democratic Republic of Congo, as the main reservoir of the critical minerals needed for "green" energy. Deploying a socio-legal enquiry on the relationship between law and the green transition from Africa is a way to unpack the entanglement between law, politics, and finance in the contemporary phase of capitalism. Building on the "global turn" in social sciences, this shifts the focus to law's entanglement as a repertoire of material and symbolic power and towards the interconnectedness of its deployment across scholarly and geographic scales. Considering the selective social, financial, material, and cultural globalisation fostered by global value chains helps account for the reproduction of the subaltern position of the African continent in the world economy. More broadly, this research agenda underscores how socio-legal enquiry can respond to the challenge of allowing for the possibility of studying the imperial factor over an extended period, including by tracking how imperial legacies and financialisation are shaping China's prominence in the current phase of capitalism. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05118815 |
| By: | António Afonso; José Alves; Najat Bazah; A. J. SánchezFuentes |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the efficiency of public expenditure in the 27 European countries in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. Using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we map performance over the period 1995-2023, incorporating Musgravian functional spending – redistribution, allocation, public services, and private activities – as input variables, and constructing synthetic indices for the five pillars of the 2030 Agenda people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership – as outputs. Results indicate that input efficiency scores range from 0.77 to 0.95, while output scores range from 0.88 to 0.93, suggesting a potential 5%-23.5% increase in inputs or a 7%-11.7% improvement in outputs. Denmark, Ireland, and Finland are efficient throughout the entire period, with strategic reductions in public spending correlating with high SDG performance. Sweden also has high efficiency and leads in multiple pillars by 2023. Conversely, the peace pillar remains the least achieved, while the people pillar shows the greatest progress. |
| Keywords: | public spending; Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); government spending efficiency. |
| JEL: | C61 H11 H72 O57 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03882025 |
| By: | Martin Obradovits; Markus Walzl |
| Abstract: | Consumers increasingly value the environmental and social responsibility of the production processes used by firms, yet these processes often remain unobservable, even after consumption. In this paper, we develop a simple model to examine firms’ technology choices and subsequent price competition in markets for such label credence goods with hidden process attributes. Using a multi-sender signaling framework, we show that in the payoff-dominant equilibrium, firms can partially signal their production choices and avoid Bertrand competition when at least one firm adopts a green technology. Surprisingly, increasing consumers’ environmental concern or eliminating the information asymmetry may reduce social welfare by discouraging green production. |
| Keywords: | label credence goods, technology choice, asymmetric information, price competition, signaling, green production |
| JEL: | D82 D83 L13 L15 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jku:econwp:2025-11 |
| By: | Cullen S. Hendrix (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | The institutions of global economic governance--the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank Group--face unprecedented challenges at a time when global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change are faltering. Rising economic nationalism, resurgent great power competition, and climate-skeptic populism in high-income democracies are undermining the ability of these institutions to coordinate around climate solutions. Facing these pressures, regional and plurilateral arrangements will be increasingly important for providing paths forward. This paper explores the concept of "tied aid" as a means of meeting the global South's need for large transfers in a context of increasing economic nationalism. It also highlights the pivotal role of countries other than the United States and China in sustaining and reforming global governance in a multipolar world. Although not first-best solutions, these approaches may be the most politically feasible strategies for advancing global climate mitigation, adaptation, and finance in the near future. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Economic Nationalism, Climate Finance, Plurilateralism, Geoeconomics, Energy |
| JEL: | F53 Q54 F51 O19 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp25-17 |
| By: | Enomy Germain (CU - Cornell University [Ithaca]) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between natural disasters and emigration from Haiti to the United States, focusing on the moderating role of political instability. Haiti is one of the most disaster-prone and politically fragile countries in the Western Hemisphere, experiencing an average of 3.1 disasters per year between 1990 and 2020. Drawing on thirty years of national-level time series data, this study employs a linear Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model with interaction terms to test whether political instability amplifies the migration response to disasters. The results reveal a strong and statistically significant link between disaster frequency and emigration flows. Moreover, this relationship is significantly intensified in years of heightened political instability, suggesting that weak institutional capacity compounds the push factors associated with natural shocks. While traditional migration models emphasize economic drivers, this study shows that political stability plays a crucial role in shaping emigration outcomes. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy responses that address both environmental risks and governance challenges in disaster prone settings. |
| Keywords: | Haiti migration natural disasters political instability, Haiti, migration, natural disasters, political instability |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05083695 |
| By: | Ha Trong Nguyen; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | In the context of climate change and the well-established links between personality traits and life outcomes, this paper presents a novel investigation into the causal effects of natural disaster-induced housing damage on the Big Five personality traits. Using a time-varying, plausibly exogenous measure of local cyclone exposure as an instrument within an individual fixed effects instrumental variable framework, we find that weather-related home damage significantly reduces Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability, while increasing Openness to Experience. These effects are highly heterogeneous: significant impacts emerge only in quantile regression models, with individuals at the lower end of the Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability distributions more adversely affected, and those at the upper end of the Openness distribution exhibiting greater increases. Furthermore, our findings suggest that weather-related home damage may indirectly reduce earnings by altering personality traits in ways associated with lower income-effects that are not only statistically significant but also substantial in magnitude and economically meaningful. These personality changes may correspond to income losses of up to 5%, with socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals being most severely affected. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Personality Trait, Big Five, Quantile Regression, Housing |
| JEL: | C18 I31 J3 R20 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1632 |
| By: | Stefano Carattini; Ulrich Matter; Matthias Roesti |
| Abstract: | The ability of private interests to influence the political process is an important topic in economics and political science. While some of these efforts appear as campaign finance and lobbying expenditures in the official record, private interests may also engage in "covert" influence through media capture. In this paper, we systematically examine whether and to what extent corporations in the United States with an interest in slowing climate action might have used corporate advertisement in media outlets as a strategic tool to align such outlets' coverage with their views. Based on several complementary empirical strategies, we find that advertisement spending by such actors (i) increases during election periods and (ii) is associated with both lower and more skeptical-leaning coverage of climate change and climate policy. |
| Keywords: | lobbying, advertising, media capture, climate policy |
| JEL: | D72 D83 L82 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12000 |
| By: | António Afonso; José Alves; Alessio Ferraro; Sofia Monteiro |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the fiscal multipliers of green public spending using a linear Bayesian Panel VAR and a Smooth Transition VAR framework, with quarterly data for the period 1995Q1–2022Q4 for EU member states. We group EU member states based on similarities in debt trajectories and green spending intensity, forming three regional aggregates: Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, and Northern Europe. Our results show that green spending multipliers on GDP are generally below one, but the response of private investment is significantly stronger — particularly in Southern and Eastern Europe. Multipliers tend to be larger in periods of high public debt, suggesting that green fiscal expansions may be more effective during downturns. Another key finding is that in response to green spending shocks, both long-term interest rates and public debt tend to decline—especially in high-debt regimes—indicating improved market expectations about fiscal sustainability. In contrast, when we estimate the effects of a shock to total public spending net of green spending, we find that both interest rates and debt increase. This suggests that economic agents perceive green spending more favorably than undifferentiated fiscal expansions, likely due to its role in mitigating climate risks, lowering long-term energy costs, and signaling credible long-term policy commitments. |
| Keywords: | green fiscal multipliers; debt trajectories; interest rates; Bayesian Panel Vector Autoregression (BVAR). |
| JEL: | C23 E44 E62 G15 H62 H63 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03892025 |
| By: | Oussama Najari (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl); Cheklekbire Malainine (UIT - Université Ibn Tofaïl) |
| Abstract: | This article investigates how AI can contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Moroccan public sector centered on SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, Strong Institutions). Description of the most representative AI projects developed in the public administration. The study describes a number of AI initiatives from public administrations as an example for the potential of the use of AI tools in promoting transparency, efficiency and institutional innovation. The roadblocks of data privacy, the digital divide, and organizational resistance are also considered. The paper highlights that, while AI has significant transformative potential, its adoption must be accompanied by strong regulatory and ethical frameworks, as well as inclusive approaches to ensure its contribution to sustainable and equitable public governance. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals, Public administrations, institutional efficiency, innovation, transparency, SDG 9, SDG 16, Morocco |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05110441 |
| By: | Thierry Warin; Sarah Elimam |
| Abstract: | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remains the dominant yardstick for economic performance, yet its aggregated, nation-bound and market-exclusive nature obscures crucial dimensions of prosperity, equity and environmental sustainability. Building on recent advances in data science and the expanding “Beyond-GDP” literature, this article argues for a generational shift in economic measurement designated “GDP 5.0.” This new approach of GDP integrates high-frequency, geolocated micro-data with artificial-intelligence methods to generate real-time dashboards of economic activity, social welfare and planetary boundaries. The framework adopts an inductive, bottom-up approach, combining firm-level transactions, satellite imagery, sensor inputs, and social indicators. These diverse data streams are fused using explainable machine learning techniques to construct composite indices that capture regional heterogeneity and internalize negative externalities. The article examines the methodological foundations, governance challenges, and safeguards against algorithmic bias associated with GDP 5.0. It highlights the policy relevance of the framework through stylized applications in monetary, fiscal, and environmental domains. Aligning measurement practices with the complexities of the twenty-first century, GDP 5.0 proposes a pathway toward more responsive, inclusive, and sustainable economic governance. Le produit intérieur brut (PIB) reste la principale mesure de la performance économique, pourtant sa nature agrégée, nationale et exclusivement axée sur le marché occulte des dimensions cruciales telles que la prospérité, l'équité et la durabilité environnementale. S'appuyant sur les récentes avancées en science des données et sur la littérature croissante consacrée au « au-delà du PIB », cet article plaide en faveur d'un changement générationnel dans la mesure économique, baptisé « PIB 5.0 ». Cette nouvelle approche du PIB intègre des microdonnées géolocalisées à haute fréquence et des méthodes d'intelligence artificielle afin de générer des tableaux de bord en temps réel sur l'activité économique, le bien-être social et les limites planétaires. Le cadre adopte une approche inductive et ascendante, combinant les transactions au niveau des entreprises, l'imagerie satellite, les données des capteurs et les indicateurs sociaux. Ces divers flux de données sont fusionnés à l'aide de techniques d'apprentissage automatique explicables afin de construire des indices composites qui reflètent l'hétérogénéité régionale et internalisent les externalités négatives. L'article examine les fondements méthodologiques, les défis en matière de gouvernance et les garde-fous contre les biais algorithmiques associés au PIB 5.0. Il met en évidence la pertinence politique du cadre à travers des applications schématiques dans les domaines monétaires, fiscaux et environnementaux. En alignant les pratiques de mesure sur les complexités du XXIe siècle, le PIB 5.0 propose une voie vers une gouvernance économique plus réactive, inclusive et durable. |
| Keywords: | GDP 5.0, Beyond-GDP metrics, Real-time economic indicators, Artificial intelligence, Sustainable well-being, PIB 5.0, Indicateurs au-delà du PIB, Indicateurs économiques en temps réel, Intelligence artificielle, Bien-être durable |
| Date: | 2025–07–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-20 |
| By: | Ignacio Belloc (University of Zaragoza); José Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal1 (University of Zaragoza); José Alberto Molina (Departamento de Análisis Económico, Universidad de Zaragoza) |
| Abstract: | Understanding the determinants of worker effort is central to Economics, as even small changes in productivity can have significant implications for economic growth and labor market performance. This study examines the relationship between extreme temperatures and work effort—proxied by non-work time while at the workplace—using data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) for the period 2003–2019. Results indicate that extremely hot days (≥ 100ºF) are related to increased time spent at work not working, particularly among women in non-supervised occupations. On these days, women in non- supervised occupations spend 6.79 more minutes at work not working compared to comfortable temperature days. Men, by contrast, do not exhibit significant changes in non-work time at work. Furthermore, the results align with increased worker bargaining power during economic expansions, which facilitates labor supply adjustments on extremely hot days, and with hypotheses regarding adaptation and acclimation to high temperatures in warmer countries. These findings underscore the relevance of temperature as a determinant of worker effort, reveal a previously overlooked margin of labor adjustment, and highlight the moderating role of occupational supervision in shaping behavioral responses to environmental stressors. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, temperature, non-work time at work, supervision, ATUS |
| JEL: | J16 J22 J24 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:1092 |
| By: | Tsiboe, Francis; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | This white paper reviews the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation’s (FCIC) deferral of interest on unpaid premiums after natural disasters. Since the 2012 shift to an August 15 billing date, FCIC has routinely granted 60-day waivers during severe weather or national emergencies, providing producers liquidity but delaying federal receipts. Between 2019 and 2023, over $18 billion in premiums were deferred, representing $510 million in implicit subsidies. The analysis examines effects on actuarial soundness, budget scoring, and moral hazard, and outlines policy options to balance producer relief with fiscal discipline amid rising weather risks. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2025–08–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ndsuag:364685 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Esta segunda publicación de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) sobre el panorama regional del océano, los mares y los recursos marinos destaca el rol estratégico de estos elementos en el desarrollo económico, social y ambiental de América Latina y el Caribe. A cinco años del plazo para cumplir la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, y como contribución a la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas de 2025 para Apoyar la Implementación del Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 14: “Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenible”, se examinan avances y desafíos clave y se proponen orientaciones transversales para desarrollar una economía oceánica sostenible, resiliente e inclusiva. Asimismo, se analiza el estado de los ecosistemas marinos, la sostenibilidad del comercio de bienes y servicios oceánicos y de sectores como el turismo y la pesca, los mecanismos de conservación, el marco legal internacional y el papel de la ciencia marina en la gestión de los recursos. El futuro de la región está íntimamente ligado al destino del océano. Los mares ofrecen una fuente viva de oportunidades para transformar el modelo de desarrollo de América Latina y el Caribe y hacer frente a los desafíos mundiales y locales. |
| Date: | 2025–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81772 |
| By: | Tomislav Ladika (University of Amsterdam); Elisa Pazaj (University of Amsterdam); Zacharias Sautner (University of Zurich - Department of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)) |
| Abstract: | A wide range of empirical techniques cannot accurately estimate causal effects of policy events due to anticipation bias-agents making decisions based on beliefs about future policy outcomes. We show how researchers can refine estimates to account for these beliefs, by integrating reduced-form and structural estimation around observed outcomes of a single policy change. We illustrate the importance and implementation of the approach by applying it to the Paris Agreement, which is frequently used to understand how agents respond to a policy event that increased climate regulatory risk. We document that anticipation can bias both the magnitude and sign of the Paris Agreement's average treatment effect on firm outcomes (estimated from a standard model such as a difference-in-differences regression). We offer concrete guidance on how to account for the divergence between causal and estimated effects. |
| Keywords: | Anticipation effects, reduced-form estimation, structural estimation, carbon tax, Climate finance |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2559 |
| By: | Daniel Diakité (CREATE - ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Lota Tamini (CREATE - ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Simon Cornée (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Caillault (Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Damien Rousselière (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Although cooperatives are major actors in the transformation of agricultural systems, very little attention has been paid to the conditions that facilitate or hinder their involvement in the sustainable transition. Drawing on theoretical and empirical approaches, we analyze the effect of social capital on the propensity and proportion of investment in environmental assets in the case of agricultural machinery cooperatives (CUMAs) in France. The number of producers within their CUMA is used as a proxy of the bonding social capital and the CUMA's relationships with external organizations as a proxy of the bridging social capital. Our results show a nonmonotonic relationship between the proxies of social capital and investment in environmental assets by CUMAs. However, the effect differs depending on the subdimension of social capital considered. Interestingly, our results show that the effect of social capital within CUMAs remains even when the cooperatives carry out investment renewals that involve less risk for members. |
| Keywords: | Environmental assets, Fractional model, Social capital |
| Date: | 2025–01–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04881204 |
| By: | Vespignani, joaquin vespignani; Smyth, Russell; Saadaoui, Jamel |
| Abstract: | Copper and lithium are essential to the global energy transition, each playing distinct roles in enabling low-carbon technologies. However, their supply chains are highly vulnerable to geopolitical risks, posing a threat to the stability and resilience of future clean energy systems.This study proposes strategic stockpiling as a cost-effective instrument to mitigate supply disruptions due to geopolitical risks in copper and lithium supply chains. First, we develop and apply novel, stage-specific, measures of geopolitical risk for copper and lithium for each of the four key phases of their supply chain: proven reserves, extraction, refining and end-use consumption. Second, we construct forward-looking stockpiling scenarios for both minerals, grounded in projected demand under the International Energy Agency’s Announced Pledges (APS) and Net Zero Scenario (NZS) pathways. Our estimates indicate substantial supply shortfalls by 2040 when strategic stockpiling is incorporated. Specifically, we project the shortfall in lithium supply to increase by a factor of 7.8 under APS and 9.8 under NZS, while copper shortages are projected to grow by 4.6 and 6.1 times, respectively. We consider Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven productivity gains and recycling as alternative ways to alleviate shortages in both copper and lithium markets. We show that while enhanced recycling can significantly contribute to closing the supply gap for copper, its impact remains limited in the case of lithium due to technological, geological, and geographical constraints. We conclude that AI-driven productivity gains are essential to close the supply gap for both critical minerals. |
| Keywords: | Critical Minerals; Copper; Lithium; Geopolitical Risk; Stockpiling |
| JEL: | E0 E00 E3 E32 |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125317 |
| By: | Francesco Giancaterini; Alain Hecq; Joann Jasiak; Aryan Manafi Neyazi |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a new approach to detect bubbles based on mixed causal and noncausal processes and their tail process representation during explosive episodes. Departing from traditional definitions of bubbles as nonstationary and temporarily explosive processes, we adopt a perspective in which prices are viewed as following a strictly stationary process, with the bubble considered an intrinsic component of its non-linear dynamics. We illustrate our approach on the phenomenon referred to as the "green bubble" in the field of renewable energy investment. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.14911 |
| By: | Argueyrolles, Robin; Heimann, Tobias; Delzeit, Ruth |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuel subsidy reform(s) support the deployment of low‐carbon technologies, yet fossil fuel subsidies remain stubbornly high, while money allocated by governments to renewable energy continues to grow. In the transport sector, this tension is observed between biofuels that still rely on national policies and gasoline/diesel subsidies. Using a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, we study how phasing out gasoline and diesel subsidies would impact global biofuel mandates. We find that where they are implemented, Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms increase biofuel competitiveness and lower the cost of achieving the mandates. The fiscal benefit is therefore twofold with savings on fossil and bio‐based energy subsidies. In a multilateral reform scenario, we simulate the rise in fiscal revenue from phasing out the fossil fuel subsidies to be 25% higher when the avoided spending on biofuels' support is accounted for. In the rest of the world, however, the biofuel targets become costlier to achieve as the price of fossil fuels drops. Considering that global biofuel 2030 targets are achieved, governments' support for biofuel falls by $6 billion in regions phasing gasoline and diesel subsidies but increases by $600 million in the rest of the world. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:323486 |
| By: | Manolov, Mladen; Berrones-Flemmig, Claudia Nelly |
| Abstract: | Given the European Union's commitments of achieving net zero by 2050 and advocating Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) targets, ESG is having an increasingly larger impact on businesses (Alamillos & De Mariz, 2022). Various studies have concluded that if a company has a high ESG score, it typically borrows at a cheaper rate, receives more favorable credit terms and conditions, has higher valuation, achieves better financial performance, as well as other benefits relating to its access to finance (Jang et al., 2020; Srivastava et al., 2022; Albuquerque et al., 2019; Friede et al. 2015). The same studies focus, however, predominantly on large companies in developed economies. On the other hand, the issue of the financing gap in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) is experienced globally and especially in developing economies (World Bank, 2019; PwC, 2021). Given the positive impact of ESG on companies access to finance as found in existing literature and the presence of the SME finance gap in developing economies, this research investigates the impact of ESG practices on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises access to finance in the context of Bulgaria. An overview of current and planned ESG-related European Union regulations impacting SMEs is provided. With a focus on Bulgarian SMEs, a total of 27 experts in the fields of banking, venture capital, angel investing, SME ownership or management, and ESG consulting were interviewed. This study adds to the limited body of research pertaining to the impact of ESG on SMEs financing in a developing economy setting. The research concluded that Bulgarian SMEs engaged in ESG have better debt and equity financing terms, more opportunities and dedicated channels for receiving financing, as well as benefits adding to their competitiveness, such as better access to international supply chains, reduced firm risk, tax exemptions, ability to attract and retain top talent, and higher potential for top line growth, among others. |
| Keywords: | ESG, SME access to finance, sustainable finance, SME financing gap, ESG in developing economies |
| JEL: | M Q |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iubhbm:323240 |
| By: | Rajesh Aggarwal; Mufaddal Baxamusa |
| Abstract: | We demonstrate that firms with plants in areas subject to a significant hurricane strike reduce their capital expenditures at the hurricane-affected plants and shift capital expenditures to plants in non-hurricane-affected areas. This effect is not present prior to 1997 and only appears from 1997 on. Our evidence is consistent with the possibility that a significant climate event such as the signing of the Kyoto Protocol raised the salience of the perceived risk from actual hurricane strikes and shifted firm behavior. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:25-43 |
| By: | Mouez Fodha (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Lea Dispa (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marion Davin (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Thomas Seegmuller (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | C'est la version économique de la quadrature du cercle : comment à la fois investir massivement pour la transition écologique et maîtriser la dette pour retrouver des marges de manœuvre financières ? Sous certaines conditions, les deux sont possibles simultanément. Découvrez comment. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05114580 |
| By: | Mekonnen Bekele (IGC, London School of Economics and Political Science); Mintewab Bezabih (ECRC); Hailu Elias (Addis Ababa University); Peter Fisker (DERG, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Tagel Gebrehiwot (ECRC); Tadesse Kuma (Policy Studies Institute, Ethiopia); Tseday Mekasha (DERG, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Alemu Mekonnen (Addis Ababa University); Finn Tarp (DERG, Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Hailemaraim Teklewold (ECRC) |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuderg:2001 |
| By: | Eduardo Hernandez Melgar (EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management); Lea Stadtler (EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | Current societal challenges such as poverty, inequality, and climate change require solutions that go beyond unilateral actions. One promising approach has been the creation of cross-sector partnerships (CSPs), which bring together resources and expertise of public, private, and civil-society organisations. To promote this idea globally, the United Nations introduced Sustainable Development Goal 17, which stresses the need for collaboration across all sectors of society. However, are we aware of the potential negative effects that CSPs can also produce? The "CSPs Dark Side Effects Game" aims to help participants recognize and understand the harm some CSPs intentionally or unintentionally might cause. This card-based game provides them the possibility to explore the different negative societal effects that CSPs can cause, as well as the mechanisms and antecedents behind them. Developed based on a qualitative meta-analysis synthesizing empirical evidence of 47 cases, the DSE game offers a framework to understand the "what, " "how, " and "why" of these harmful impacts. By studying these patterns, participants can develop a more critical perspective on how CSPs attempt to address societal challenges, preparing them to think beyond the benefits and consider potential risks as well. |
| Keywords: | Cross-sector collaboration and partnerships, Societal challenges, Dark side |
| Date: | 2024–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05149786 |
| By: | Crafts, Edward C.; BoIIaert, René |
| Abstract: | The forested lands of Modoc County form the northeast portion of the “east-side pine type” in California. This east-side type, which occurs mainly east of the crest of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges, comprises some five million acres, and is characterized by open mature stands of ponderosa pine, relatively poor sites, dry climate, and irregular periodicity of reproduction. The type is an important source of raw material to the forest industries of California and to the population dependent thereon. It is, therefore, the subject of intensive research in silviculture, forest entomology and timber utilization, but relatively little specific information has been assembled regarding social and economic effects of forest management in this type. This report supplements in a small way existing information on the east side country by indicating for one segment of this region: (1) the extent to which public and private forest enterprises contribute to the area economy, and (2) probable effects of a large temporary forest enterprise contrasted to a small-scale continuous undertaking. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Financial Economics, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Public Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:362711 |
| By: | Breyer-Mayländer, Thomas; Zerres, Christopher |
| Abstract: | "Grüne Wirtschaft" beschreibt ein Konzept, bei dem die unterschiedlichen Akteure der Wirtschaft ihre Spielräume nutzen, um den Erwartungen im Hinblick auf die Nachhaltigkeitsziele der Vereinten Nationen. Bei der Umsetzung sind die Akteure auf institutioneller und personeller Ebene ausschlaggebend. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Grüne Wirtschaft, Lebensmitteleinzelhandel, Marketing |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ouwpmm:323588 |
| By: | Arvanitopoulos, Theodoros; Wilson, Charlie; Morton, Craig |
| Abstract: | Air source heat pumps are the principal means of decarbonising residential heating. What drives local uptake of heat pumps? We present and examine a unique, highly disaggregated, spatial-temporal dataset for heat pump diffusion across Great Britain at the local authority level from 2010 to 2020. We find average total installed cost of 1075 £/kW and a negative learning rate of −3.3 %, with most installations in owner-occupied houses. Using spatial econometric models, we investigate how local conditions drive heat pump installations. We find early adopting local areas tend to be rural, off the gas grid, with prior use of solid fuel or oil for heating, and participate in renewable and community energy projects. Early adopting areas benefit from a combination of more readily accessible properties, low-carbon energy skills, and local supply chains. We find robust evidence of spatial spillover effects that show early adopting areas serve as deployment test beds, indirectly stimulating deployment in contiguous areas. We reason that spatial spillovers are driven by installer availability and local supply chains materialised around installation activity. We estimate for every three heat pumps installed, one heat pump is subsequently installed in a neighbouring local authority with less advantageous conditions. This implies an important policy trade-off for low-carbon heat between maximising effectiveness (incentivise early adopters) and widening equality of access (support later adopters). Concerted policy action to tackle fragmented supply chains and skills shortages which inflate installation costs of heat pumps relative to gas boilers is also urgently needed. |
| Keywords: | decarbonisation; residential heating; heat pumps; local conditions; spatial spillovers; spatial econometrics |
| JEL: | C31 Q40 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128927 |
| By: | Yingtong Chen; Fei Wu; Dayong Zhang; Qiang Ji |
| Abstract: | The impact of international tourism on biodiversity risks has received considerable attention, yet quantitative research in this field remains relatively limited. This study constructs a biodiversity risk index for 155 countries and regions spanning the years 2001 to 2019, analysing how international tourism influences biodiversity risks in destination countries. The results indicate that the growth of international tourism significantly elevates biodiversity risks, with these effects displaying both lagging and cumulative characteristics. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that international tourism also intensifies biodiversity risks in neighbouring countries. The extent of its impact varies according to the tourism model and destination. In addition, government regulations and international financial assistance play a crucial role in mitigating the biodiversity risks associated with international tourism. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.15289 |
| By: | Beatrice Intoppa (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Élodie Valette (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Worldwide, there is growing interest among policymakers, funders, and researchers in monitoring and assessing innovations in food system sustainability. However, the evaluation of innovations' contributions to broader sustainability targets is undermined by stakeholders' multiple interpretations of sustainability, the difficulty of transferability across scales, and the scarce resources available for assessment. Moreover, city-scale initiatives identify needs and knowledge that has not yet been integrated into urban strategies. These gaps make it difficult for innovators to report on their role in a national or global system and to gain the trust of communities and institutions. Given the reflexive knowledge produced through the application of the Urbal method, which proposes a qualitative, context-based, and participatory evaluation of food innovations, this chapter considers whether and how Urbal can provide a preliminary framework to support innovators in designing or strengthening quantitative impact assessments and to help them orient their work within the regulatory space of sustainable food systems. In particular, the chapter presents a tool to co-construct a framework, together with innovators, which can help shape or strengthen the evaluation of their project. |
| Date: | 2023–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04702673 |
| By: | Gentile, Roberto; Deshpande, Tanvi; Ozer, Erdem; Amatya, Sukirti; Shreshta, Nisha; Guragain, Ramesh; Pelling, Mark; Sinclair, Hugh |
| Abstract: | Global disaster risk reduction in urban development frameworks calls for people-centred, participatory, and integrated approaches to addressing urban risk and building resilience. This paper presents a methodology that engages communities at risk and policy actors to assess scientifically projected impacts of multiple hazards on locally defined future urban scenarios and co-develop measures to reduce future hazard impacts. The methodology enables stakeholders to identify barriers and strategies to support more people-centred, participatory, and risk-sensitive future urban development. Within a workshop, selected community groups are first introduced to an interactive dashboard that simplifies the communication of projected multi-hazard impacts (e.g., human displacement, casualties, loss of education capacity). Community groups identify and discuss the effects of different hazards, exposure, and vulnerability features along with projected impacts on community-led future urban scenarios. Such evidence-based and participatory discussions lead to a set of revisions of the urban scenarios. Finally, the groups discuss existing community, urban planning, and local decision-making challenges that could hinder the implementation of the urban scenarios. The proposed methodology is presented within the framework of the Tomorrow's Cities Decision Support Environment (TCDSE) and illustrated through a deployment in Rapti, Nepal. Findings confirm the ability of the approach to facilitate a shared understanding of context-specific risk amongst diverse local and policy actors. The combination of scientific and local information improves awareness and gives agency to marginalised groups for improved communication with urban planners in disaster risk reduction decision-making. |
| Keywords: | cities; risk assessment; risk communication |
| JEL: | G32 |
| Date: | 2025–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128765 |
| By: | Christelle Robinet (URZF - Zoologie forestière - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thierry Bélouard (BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés - UB - Université de Bordeaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UMR ISPA - Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère - Bordeaux Sciences Agro - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anne Sophie A. S. Brinquin (UEFM - Unité Expérimentale Entomologie et Forêt Méditerranéenne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Morgane Goudet (DSF - Département de la santé des forêts, ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Souveraineté alimentaire); Frédéric Huard (UAR DRSE - Direction Responsabilité Sociétale et Environnementale - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Hervé Jactel (BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés - UB - Université de Bordeaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Raphaël Leblois (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jérôme Rousselet (URZF - Zoologie forestière - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Pour caractériser le déplacement des aires de distribution (invasions/expansions), il est nécessaire de cartographier leur aire de distribution à différentes années. Le phénomène d'expansion, commun aux espèces exotiques envahissantes et aux espèces natives en expansion, est le résultat de deux processus principaux : la dispersion et l'établissement. La probabilité d'établissement dépend notamment des conditions météorologiques dans le territoire où les individus sont nouvellement arrivés. C'est pour cette raison que, dans ce chapitre, nous abordons : les méthodes de cartographie des insectes forestiers ravageurs, les méthodes pour mesurer leurs capacités de dispersion, et les différentes sources possibles des variables météorologiques. |
| Keywords: | Insectes ravageurs forestiers, Veille sanitaire, Capacité de dispersion, Méthode de cartographie |
| Date: | 2025–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05117145 |
| By: | Acosta, Claudia; Jauregui-Fung, Franco; Lana, Bruno; Aulestia, Diego |
| Abstract: | Las ciudades son actores clave en la lucha contra el cambio climático. La movilidad y el desarrollo urbano deben abordarse de manera integrada para lograr una transformación verdaderamente sostenible. Esta publicación, fruto del trabajo conjunto de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y el German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS), explora estrategias de sostenibilidad urbana centradas en el aprovechamiento de los beneficios compartidos del transporte público masivo. A través del estudio de seis ciudades en América Latina y Asia, se analizan oportunidades para financiar el transporte masivo mediante la valorización del suelo, el desarrollo urbano orientado al transporte y mecanismos innovadores de financiamiento. Comparando experiencias de Bogotá (Colombia), São Paulo (Brasil), San José (Costa Rica), Hong Kong (China), Delhi (India) y Yakarta (Indonesia), el análisis destaca cómo la coordinación de políticas públicas y una planificación estratégica pueden transformar la movilidad en un motor de desarrollo económico y social, que genera beneficios compartidos y abre nuevas oportunidades de financiamiento para las ciudades. |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81535 |
| By: | Duc Duy Nguyen (Durham University); Steven Ongena (University of Zurich - Department Finance; Swiss Finance Institute; KU Leuven; NTNU Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)); Shusen Qi (Xiamen University); Vathunyoo Sila (University of Edinburgh - Business School); Yibing Wang (King's College London) |
| Abstract: | Using loan-level data from the U.S. Small Business Administration's 7(a) program, we examine whether lenders incorporate biodiversity risk into credit decisions. We focus on biodiversity dependency risk (the extent to which firms rely on ecosystem services) and biodiversity impact risk (the extent to which firms negatively affect biodiversity). Dependency risk is consistently associated with higher interest rates, more frequent securitization, and lower credit availability. In contrast, impact risk influences loan pricing only in recent years, following global initiatives such as the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Framework. The effect of impact risk is stronger in politically progressive states and areas with greater regulatory exposure. Our findings suggest that dependency risk represents credit risk for lenders, whereas impact risk is associated with growing reputational and litigation risk linked to lending to firms with negative biodiversity impact. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity Risk, Bank Lending, Small Businesses, Kunming Declaration |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2554 |
| By: | Hương, Trần; Đức, Vũ; Ndlovu, Thando; Chaiwat, Somsak |
| Abstract: | This research note explores the evolving role of financial ratio analysis as a strategic tool for enhancing firms’ resilience and adaptability in crisis-prone environments. Drawing on recent contributions, it highlights how liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios must be interpreted dynamically rather than statically to capture emerging risks and opportunities. The note emphasizes the growing importance of cross-sector benchmarking, real-time dashboards, and the integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) indicators into traditional ratio frameworks. It also stresses the behavioral and governance challenges associated with ratio interpretation, including biases and selective disclosure. By synthesizing these insights, this paper argues for a more adaptive, technology-enabled approach to ratio analysis that aligns with the demands of a volatile global economy. The findings offer practical implications for managers, regulators, and scholars aiming to strengthen firms’ crisis preparedness and long-term financial sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Financial Ratios, Crisis Resilience, ESG Integration, Benchmarking |
| JEL: | O1 |
| Date: | 2025–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125291 |
| By: | Jaeger, William K; Bruno, Ellen M; Fisher-Vanden, Karen; Harter, Thomas |
| Abstract: | To promote better groundwater policymaking, hydrologists and economists need to work together. The importance of hydrology is self-evident, but we posit that questions about the causes of and potential solutions for groundwater problems, and pathways to better policymaking, are fundamentally economics questions in that they rely on understanding people’s preferences, incentives, and responses to laws and other institutions that guide people’s actions. Not surprisingly then, most hydrologic research questions implicitly arise in response to economic demands and constraints. Hydrology and economics both rely on positive science involving theory, empirical methods, calibration, and validation. Indeed, their models can be linked to characterize and understand their interdependent dynamics. While other natural and social sciences also have important roles to play, this paper focuses primarily on how economics connects (ground)water to policymaking. Economics is a broad discipline with a primary role in understanding how people live in a landscape. Analogous to hydrology’s primary role in describing how water flows, recedes, seeps, evaporates, or recharges aquifers, economics describes people’s endeavors including their use of water, land, and other resources to produce, consume, trade, invest, conserve, and degrade the systems where they live. Policymaking is normative: it involves value judgments when assessing tradeoffs, setting priorities, or choosing among policy options. Economics is unique among disciplines in that it also comprises ‘normative analysis’ frameworks for measuring people’s values as a guide toward satisfying those preferences to the greatest extent possible (e.g. using benefit-cost analysis). But when natural science research is conducted without recognizing the economic considerations relevant to policymakers and managers, it may overlook critical ways that human system structures, dynamics, and people’s values inform the most promising ways to turn science into policy. By collaborating with economists, interdisciplinary research can bring natural sciences together with positive and normative economics to promote better groundwater policy. |
| Keywords: | Hydrology, Economics, Applied Economics, Earth Sciences, Generic health relevance, Life on Land, interdisciplinary, human-natural systems, positive economics, normative economics, first-order disciplines, groundwater, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt0m28s1xq |
| By: | Ben Bih, Karima; Jafino, Bramka Arga; Desjonqueres, Chloe Genevieve Helene; Sirenko, Mikhail |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the compounded effects of conflict on household recovery following disasters, using Nigeria as a case study. The analysis employs the “Unbreakable” microsimulation model to analyze how proximity to conflict influences recovery rates and well-being, measured by consumption losses. Key factors affecting recovery include exposure bias, vulnerability bias, and limited access to resources and social safety nets. Poor households often live in risk-prone areas due to socioeconomic opportunities, making them more vulnerable to disaster impacts. Their livelihoods, typically in sectors like subsistence farming, are easily disrupted, prolonging recovery. Inadequate housing and limited financial access further hinder rebuilding efforts. By integrating conflict data, the paper reveals how violence exacerbates recovery challenges, increasing consumption losses and deepening poverty impacts. The findings highlight the need for targeted resilience policies to address both disaster and conflict-related vulnerabilities, aiming to enhance recovery capacity and minimize welfare losses for the most affected populations. |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11168 |
| By: | Dumas, Christelle (University of Fribourg, Switzerland); JÃ tiva, Ximena (UNICEF Innocenti); Baumgartner, Stefanie (University of Fribourg, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | The number of deaths from antibiotic resistance is steadily rising and has become a global public health issue. Children in low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately affected, as last-line antibiotics are usually unavailable to them. Pollution of riverways due to pharmaceutical products is one driver of resistance. We assess whether this channel con-tributes significantly to infant mortality in India. We show that living downstream of a producer increases the risk of infant mortality by 16% and that antibiotic production explains 17, 000 infant deaths in India per year. This suggests that better monitoring, new regulations, improved production processes, and strategic considerations on the location of antibiotic producers are needed to ensure that production does not induce negative externalities on the local population. |
| Keywords: | Pollution; Health; Antibiotic production; Antibiotic resistance; India |
| JEL: | O15 I15 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fri:fribow:fribow00543 |
| By: | Roy Cerqueti (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]); Giovanna Ferraro (Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie]); Raffaele Mattera (UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]); Saverio Storani (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UNIROMA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | This paper faces the relevant task of assessing the integration of European countries when dealing with three paradigmatic socio-environmental themes: Circular Economy (CE), Energy Transition (ET), and Social Justice (SJ). Specifically, we aim to explore whether a similar behavior in facing one of the considered aspects is mirrored by similarity in the others. We move from a dataset composed of five variables for CE, two for ET, and three for SJ, representing yearly data for the quinquennium 2016-2020 and European countries. We build a multilayer network based on the ten variables having countries as nodes. Each layer/variable has weighted links based on countries' similarity. Inter-layer links are created through a community detection exercise over the individual layers. This approach allows us to evaluate analogies, leading to the assessment of intra-and inter-layer policy integration. We find a relatively low level of integration at the European level and a high sensitivity to the number of detected communities, thus revealing the role of countries' heterogeneity in driving integration. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Energy transition, Social justice, European countries, Multilayer networks, Clustering procedures |
| Date: | 2025–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05109264 |
| By: | Julia Gonzalez |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether deforestation-related import regulations reshape the global trade network of forest-risk commodities such as soy, palm oil, timber, and paper. While existing research has focused on trade volumes and environmental outcomes, the structural effects of such policies on trade architecture remain underexplored. Using UN Comtrade data from 2004 to 2024 and a newly compiled dataset of import regulations, this study models global trade as a network of countries linked by bilateral flows. It applies a Difference-in-Differences framework to estimate how policy exposure affects country-level centrality, combined with community detection and modular realignment metrics to track changes in trade bloc configurations. Results show modest structural shifts. Treated importers often experience increased eigenvector centrality and reduced out-degree, especially under certification and market-based policies. However, effects are generally small and not consistently significant across all specifications. Modular realignment analysis reveals that only a few policies lead to measurable changes in trade community structure. The findings suggest that deforestation-related trade regulations can influence the architecture of global trade networks, but their structural impact depends heavily on policy design and enforcement. This paper contributes a novel network perspective to the literature on environmental trade governance. |
| Keywords: | Deforestation, Network Analysis, Modular Realignment, Global Supply Chain. |
| JEL: | E01 E16 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03872025 |
| By: | Bolderdijk, Jan Willem; Koster, Janneke; Leliveld, Marijke; Risselada, Hans (University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | Fashion production and consumption have a large negative impact on the environment. In order to reduce the negative effects of fashion, new sustainable business models (SBMs) have been developed. The question is, however, what insights extant research provides about adopting such SBMs and to what extent SBMs are truly environmentally and financially sustainable. We argue that we can only answer this question by zooming out. Therefore, we take a system approach where we look at the interactions between the different relevantstakeholders in the system. Building on this, our research framework has three premises: (1) we distinguish between necessary and unnecessary clothing, (2) we argue that unnecessary clothing should be Avoided and what is necessary should be Reduced, Reused or Recycled, and (3) we include the three most important actors in the system, i.e., companies, consumers and (N)GOs. To understand the state of the literature on the sustainable fashion industry andto pinpoint where we need to go, we systematically reviewed the literature. Among other things, we find that research has not yet made the distinction between unnecessary vs. necessary clothing and, thus, rarely focused on Avoiding unnecessary consumption. Rather, most research (unintendedly) focused on how current levels of clothing supply and demand can be made more sustainable, rather than addressing the elephant in the room: how canoverall levels of production and consumption go down. Thus, the main avenue of future marketing research and practice is to understand why consumers overconsume and the role companies play in it, and how (N)GOs can effectively tackle the culture of overproduction and -consumption. By understanding this, researchers can support retailers to create SBMs that are environmentally and financially sustainable. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gro:rugfeb:2024009-mark |
| By: | Perkuhn, Robert |
| Abstract: | Mine closure and remediation must be treated as integral to the mining life cycle, not an afterthought. Authorities should enforce strong legal, financial and contractual safeguards to protect the environment and communities, ensuring multinational operators bear full responsibility for sustainable closure and restoration at any time during the mine's lifetime. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:colfdi:321910 |
| By: | Kaltrina Maloku (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Guillaume Evin (UR ETGR (ETNA) - Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, ECRINS - Risques gravitaires et cryosphère en montagne - IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Benoit Hingray (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Study Region Switzerland Study Focus Stochastic weather generators (WGENs) are a common tool for generating long precipitation scenarios, also needed at ungauged sites. This study evaluates different methods for obtaining the parameters of a hybrid at-site WGEN at any location within the study area. The hybrid GWEX-MRC model is composed of GWEX, a daily WGEN, and MRC, a disaggregation model based on multiplicative random cascades. Two approaches are considered for obtaining parameter maps. The first approach applies classical spatial interpolation techniques, kriging and thin-plate splines, to parameter estimates derived from rain gauge data. The second approach uses CombiPrecip, an hourly gridded precipitation product from MeteoSwiss, to estimate parameters at grid scale. New Hydrological Insights for the Region We find that the parameters of GWEX-MRC can be interpolated with satisfactory results across Switzerland. Among interpolation techniques, kriging with elevation as an external drift performs best for GWEX, while thin-plate spline with elevation gives better results for MRC. The comparison of the two approaches, interpolation of site-based estimates and direct parameter estimation using CombiPrecip, showed comparable or slightly different performance depending on the precipitation statistic and season. These findings reveal the feasibility of both approaches and provide insights into their relative strengths and limitations. In addition, this study demonstrates that long precipitation scenarios can be reliably generated throughout Switzerland, which can later be used to feed a hydrological model. |
| Keywords: | Precipitation, Stochastic weather generator, Mapping parameters, Gridded precipitation product, Switzerland |
| Date: | 2025–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05167735 |
| By: | Bossong, Paul; Reinhardt, Anne; Elbert, Ralf |
| Abstract: | Increasing environmental pressure urges firms to decarbonize their supply chains by reducing emissions caused by freight transport. This puts intermodal freight transport (IFT) on the agenda. IFT combines the ecological advantages of rail transport with the flexibility of road transport. However, it increases supply chain complexity by creating additional interfaces between the actors involved. This hampers efficiency and calls for automation through digital platforms. By contextualizing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and applying a multiple-case study approach, we aim to investigate why users opt for or against adopting IFT platforms and how adoption can be fostered. Among 30 adoption factors identified, we find that sellers of IFT services fear increased market transparency and interface standardization through platforms, while demanders of IFT services favor these attributes. We contribute to the extant literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the underlying decision rationales from the perspectives of platform users and providers and derive nine levers suitable to increase platform adoption and, hence, supply chain automation. |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:155782 |
| By: | Becker, Marco; Daube, Carl Heinz |
| Abstract: | Im dritten Teil dieser Reihe befassen sich die Autoren mit den strukturell-prozessorientierten Transformationsmodellen. Ihr Fokus liegt auf der Optimierung organisatorischer Prozesse, Strukturen und Frameworks, um Unternehmen bei tiefgreifenden Veränderungen systematisch und methodisch zu begleiten. Im Folgenden werden die folgenden drei wesentlichen Modelle vorgestellt und bewertet: 1. Techno-Organisatorisches Transformationsmodell 2. Shape Your Future Model 3. Agile Transformation Framework Im Rahmen der Bewertung wird jedes Model einer sorgfältigen Bewertung unterzogen, um seine Eignung für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung nachhaltiger Transformationen in Unternehmen zu ermitteln. Insgesamt bieten diese strukturell-prozessorientierten Modelle praktische und systemische Ansätze, um Organisationen umfassend, nachhaltig und strategisch durch tiefgreifende Veränderungen zu begleiten. |
| Abstract: | In the third part of this series, the authors deal with structural-process-oriented transformation models. Their focus is on optimizing organizational processes, structures and frameworks in order to systematically and methodically support companies during far-reaching changes. The following three key models are presented and evaluated below: 1. techno-organizational transformation model 2. shape your future model 3. agile transformation framework As part of the assessment, each model is carefully evaluated to determine its suitability for the successful implementation of sustainable transformations in companies. Overall, these structural-process-oriented models offer practical and systemic approaches to guide organizations comprehensively, sustainably and strategically through far-reaching changes. |
| Keywords: | Transformation, Transformationsmanagement, Change, Change Managment, Techno-Organisatorisches Transformationsmodell, Shape Your Future Model, Agile Transformation Framework |
| JEL: | O |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:321821 |
| By: | Guillaume Denos (IAE Angers - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Angers - UA - Université d'Angers, GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Cette communication explore la question de l'intégration des enjeux écologiques dans les cantines participatives et solidaires (CPS), un modèle d'organisation hybride qui combine en premier lieu des objectifs sociaux et économiques. Le document examine à travers la sociomatérialité et les outils de gestion la capacité des CPS à formaliser des pratiques écologiques bien que celles-ci ne soient pas au cœur de leur modèle. Ce travail prend comme exemple La Cocotte Solidaire à Nantes, une CPS en plein essor, et analyse comment l'association met au point plusieurs pratiques et outils de gestion ad hoc pour prendre en compte certains enjeux environnementaux de manière conviviale et discrète pour ne pas éclipser sa mission sociale. |
| Keywords: | Tensions écologiques, outils de gestion, ESS, Cantines participatives et solidaires |
| Date: | 2024–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05146773 |
| By: | Isabelle Capron (BIA - Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Émilie Korbel (GEPEA - Laboratoire de génie des procédés - environnement - agroalimentaire - ONIRIS - École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - IUT Nantes - Institut Universitaire de Technologie - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - IUT La Roche-sur-Yon - Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes univ - UFR ST - Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - IUT Saint-Nazaire - Nantes Université - Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Karine Latouche (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Maël Ollivier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Samira Rousselière (ONIRIS - École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Hugo Voisin (BIA - Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Le projet Bioloop est né d'un constat partagé : nos territoires sont aujourd'hui confrontés à des pressions croissantes sur leurs ressources, notamment en milieu urbain. Face à ces enjeux, il devient indispensable d'imaginer des solutions circulaires et durables. Dans ce contexte, les biodéchets et les coproduits, longtemps perçus comme des rebuts, apparaissent désormais comme des gisements à fort potentiel. Ils représentent une opportunité pour repenser nos modes de production et de consommation. L'objectif de Bioloop est donc ambitieux, mais concret : boucler localement les flux de matière. Il s'agit de transformer les coproduits organiques – dans la cas du projet du Bioloop, les drêches de bière – en ressources utiles, en s'appuyant sur les dynamiques territoriales. Cette démarche favorise à la fois la réduction des déchets et la création de valeur au sein des communautés locales. |
| Keywords: | Économie circulaire, Coproduits brassicoles, Voies de valorisation, Territoire, Biodéchets, Outil d'aide à la décision |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05165441 |
| By: | Weller, Jürgen |
| Abstract: | En este documento se analiza el impacto del cambio climático en el empleo en América Latina y el Caribe, que se caracteriza por unos niveles elevados de informalidad y desigualdades estructurales. Este fenómeno conlleva la creación, transformación y destrucción de empleos, lo cual tiene efectos especialmente negativos en los sectores y territorios vulnerables. Las personas en situación de pobreza, los trabajadores informales, las mujeres y los pueblos indígenas afrontan mayores barreras para adaptarse y acceder a nuevas oportunidades laborales. En el informe se destaca el concepto de inclusión laboral como eje para una transición justa, entendida como el acceso equitativo a empleos de calidad con protección social, y se proponen políticas integrales que articulen el desarrollo productivo, la formación laboral, la protección social y el enfoque territorial. Asimismo, se hace hincapié en el diálogo social, la cooperación internacional y la necesidad de contar con sistemas estadísticos robustos para medir los empleos verdes y orientar la elaboración de políticas eficaces ante los desafíos del cambio climático. |
| Date: | 2025–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:81886 |
| By: | Delson Malumbe Asukulu (Université Pédagogique Nationale, Université officielle de Bukavu); Ruddy Kabambi Tshitadi (Université Pédagogique Nationale); Gilbert Bisimwa Ngulire (ISDR - Institut supérieur de développement rural - Institut supérieur de développement rural) |
| Abstract: | This study presents a comparative analysis of the performance of private, community, and public operators in the water sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Despite the abundance of water resources, less than half of the Congolese population has access to potable water. Government reforms have introduced various management models for water services, making it essential to monitor the performance of these operators. Given that the issue of performance is multidimensional, we have focused our analysis on fundamental criteria such as effectiveness and efficiency through financial indicators like production costs, unit prices, and profit margins. These criteria have guided this examination of three operators: the private commercial company Congo Maji SARL, the community association ASUREP MALO, and the public company REGIDESO SA. Considering data collected between 2018 and 2023, we found that the REGIDESO SA has lower average production costs but incurs losses, while Congo Maji SARL shows positive profit margins. In contrast, ASUREP MALO records high costs and fluctuating margins. The study concludes that an integrated approach is essential to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of water services in the Democratic Republic of Congo. |
| Abstract: | La présente étude propose une analyse comparative des performances des opérateurs privés, communautaires et publics dans le secteur de l'eau en République Démocratique du Congo. Malgré l'abondance de ressources en eau, moins de la moitié de la population congolaise a accès à l'eau potable. Les réformes gouvernementales ont introduit divers modes de gestion des services d'eau, rendant essentiel le suivi des performances de ces opérateurs. Étant donné que la question de la performance est multidimensionnelle, nous avons concentré notre analyse sur des critères fondamentaux tels que l'efficacité et l'efficience au moyen des indicateurs financiers tels que les coûts de production, les prix unitaires et les marges bénéficiaires. Ces critères ont orienté cette réflexion sur trois opérateurs : la société commerciale privée Congo Maji SARL, l'association communautaire ASUREP MALO, et la société publique REGIDESO SA. En prenant en compte les données collectées entre 2018 et 2023, nous avons constaté que la REGIDESO SA affiche des coûts moyens de production plus faibles, mais subit des pertes, tandis que Congo Maji SARL présente des marges bénéficiaires positives. En revanche, ASUREP MALO enregistre des coûts élevés et des marges fluctuantes. L'étude conclut qu'une approche intégrée est essentielle pour garantir l'efficacité et l'efficience des services d'eau en République Démocratique du Congo. |
| Keywords: | Performance, Water Supply, Cost, Performance Service public de l'eau coût prix Performance Public Water Service Cost Price, Service public de l'eau, coût, Price |
| Date: | 2025–05–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05090814 |
| By: | Rémi Avignon (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Etienne Guigue (LMU - Institut für Informatik [München/Munich] - LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven = Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) |
| Abstract: | L'idée d'introduire des prix planchers dans les filières agricoles a récemment refait surface dans le débat public. Mesure phare de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) des années 1970-1980, les prix planchers ont pourtant été source d'inefficacité et laissé de mauvais souvenirs. Cette note montre cependant qu'un prix plancher sur la matière première peut être source d'efficacité dans les filières où les agriculteurs font face à des acheteurs ayant du pouvoir de monopsone, c'est-à-dire étant capables de peser négativement sur les prix. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05042526 |
| By: | Edith Combes (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement, UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2) |
| Keywords: | Stationnement, Evaluation, Zones à faible émission, Zone à trafic limité |
| Date: | 2025–04–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05114229 |
| By: | Tojal Ramos Dos Santos, Carolina; Morais Guidetti, Bruna |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates strategies to expand piped water and sewer through private providers. Using billing data from a major provider in Brazil and a structural model of consumer sanitation demand and service expansion, we assess the viability of connection targets and the welfare effects of connection subsidies and price incentives. We find that universal connection targets are largely unfeasible due to low sewer take-up. Combining connection subsidies with higher sewer prices boosts expansion and adoption but requires government funding. Charging consumers upon sewer availability is self-sustaining and promotes adoption and expansion, but it shifts costs to households. |
| JEL: | L95 Q25 L51 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14191 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Kimaiyo, Faith; Kramer, Berber; Ayalew, Hailemariam; Place, Frank |
| Abstract: | Kenya hosted one of CGIAR’s largest portfolios of research and innovation from 2022 to 2024, when pooled funding for the CGIAR was distributed through CGIAR research initiatives. This paper synthesizes CGIAR’s contributions to Kenyan agriculture in that period by triangulating two evidence streams: 148 outcomes logged in the CGIAR Performance and Results Management System (PRMS) and 56 impact assessments published as peer-reviewed journal articles. The analysis shows that CGIAR’s work has catalyzed improvements in seed systems, facilitated refinements in agronomic techniques, and encouraged the adoption of climate-resilient, sustainable farming practices and technologies. These contributions have paved the way for increasing crop productivity, while also supporting key livestock innovations that enhance food safety and bolster the resilience of pastoral communities. Robust local partnerships underpinned several policy shifts and helped align many outputs with the Bottom-Up Economic Transformation Agenda (BETA). Yet, important gaps persist. Activities are mainly concentrated in easily reached areas rather than being spread across all agro-ecological zones, and outcomes are recorded in an isolated way, obscuring how separate successes add up to systemic change. Peer-reviewed impact evaluations focused on a different set of impact areas than outcomes reported in PRMS, rarely involve cross-center collaborations, and PRMS entries seldom document how evidence, policy uptake, and multidisciplinary collaboration link together. Looking ahead to the next CGIAR Science Programs phase, the paper urges broader engagement with under-served value chains, deeper cross-program synergies, and closer alignment with Kenya’s BETA and MTP IV priorities to foster inclusive, resilient agricultural growth. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; agricultural innovation; food systems; impact assessment; resilience; Kenya; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:gsspwp:175411 |
| By: | Yitian Wang (Department of Economics, Monash University); Russell Smyth (Department of Economics, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the effects of the 2009 Black Saturday Bushfires (BSB), which was the deadliest bushfire in Australia's history, on household energy poverty. Using a linear panel event-study design, applied to matched longitudinal household and geographical data, our results suggest a significant increase in the likelihood of experiencing energy poverty among households residing within 15 kilometers of wildfire areas. Specifically, we find that for households directly affected by the fires, the likelihood of being in energy poverty increases by 10.45-12.23 percentage points in 2010, and by 12.30-13.62 percentage points in 2011, compared to 2005-2007, which is the reference period. We examine the causal effects of exposure to the BSB on personal wellbeing, labor market outcomes and community social capital and find that personal wellbeing and community social support were channels through which exposure to the BSB affected energy poverty. We also consider the role of personality, locus of control and financial foresight as moderators and find that greater openness to experience and adopting longer-term financial planning mitigated the effects of bushfire exposure on energy poverty. |
| Keywords: | Wildfires, Energy poverty, Australia |
| JEL: | I30 Q40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-12 |