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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Molica Francesco; Marques Anabela |
| Abstract: | This study examines the dual nature of green discontent, which manifests as dissatisfaction with insufficient climate action and opposition to policies perceived as overly restrictive or economically disruptive. The analysis focuses on the spatial dimensions of this phenomenon, assessing how socio-economic, climatic, and institutional factors influence public attitudes toward environmental policies. The study relies on Eurobarometer survey data and voting patterns at the NUTS2 level to capture regional variations in green discontent across Europe. The results reveal clear contrasts between urban areas exposed to climate risks, rural regions dependent on carbon-intensive industries, and economically stable territories. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting place-based approaches to design climate policies that are both equitable and effective. The paper concludes with recommendations on how to integrate territorial environmental justice into climate strategies to address regional vulnerabilities and strengthen public support for ecological transition. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:termod:202504 |
| By: | Galanis, Elizabeth; Clayton, Helena; Burton, Michael; Vocino, Andrea; Malerba, Martino E |
| Abstract: | Enhanced farm dams—managed to limit livestock access and restore vegetation—offer significant environmental benefits, including improved water quality, increased biodiversity, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, the uptake of these practices remains low, largely due to high upfront costs and the absence of incentive mechanisms to reward the delivery of public goods. This study uses a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey to estimate livestock farmers’ willingness to accept (WTA) payments for farm dam enhancement under a hypothetical incentive program aligned with Australia’s carbon credit market. Based on responses from 356 cattle farmers in Victoria and New South Wales, 80% of participants were willing to participate in a scheme for some level of payment, with a mean WTA of AUD $1, 370 per dam per year. Willingness to participate was higher among farmers facing dam management challenges, motivated by environmental stewardship, and operating smaller farms. Carbon credit revenues from methane abatement under typical conditions (AUD $128-$324 per dam per year) are insufficient to meet the average WTA. Strategies to increase financial feasibility include bundling farm dam enhancements within whole-of-farm carbon methodologies, reducing transaction costs through aggregation, and providing complementary public subsidies (e.g., biodiversity credits). These approaches and efforts to build trust and reduce perceived risks will be critical to scaling farm dam restoration through environmental markets. |
| Date: | 2025–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jf5hx_v1 |
| By: | Pineda, Jesus; Núñez-Mujica, Guido; Wang, Seaver; Sen, Drishti |
| Abstract: | Atomausstieg is Germany’s policy of moving away from nuclear power. A total of 17 nuclear power plants (NPPs) have been phased out since 2011. In this work we analyze the environmental and public health costs of Atomausstieg using hourly electricity generation data. The costs are quantified in two ways: estimated avoidable $CO_{2}$ emissions and estimated number of avoidable deaths and illness from air pollution. We find that the shutdown of NPPs led to an increase in avoidable carbon emissions and an increase in avoidable deaths and illnesses from air pollution derived from additional coal use. Without Atomausstieg, Germany could have avoided 230 million tons of $CO_{2}eq$ emissions, 5, 800 deaths, nearly 55, 900 severe illnesses and 3.29 million minor illnesses linked to air pollution. We also find that without the shutdowns, the average carbon intensity of the German grid would have decreased 48\%{} relative to current levels, and the share of electricity from fossil fuels would have been 26.6\%{} instead of the 46.92\%{} reported for 2023. Our study highlights the unintended effects of misguided energy and environmental policies that prioritized nuclear power plant decommissioning, with valuable insights for other countries considering shutting down their nuclear energy programs. |
| Date: | 2025–05–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r6djg_v1 |
| By: | Pol Campos-Mercade; Claes Ek; Magnus Soderberg; Florian H. Schneider |
| Abstract: | Standard economic theory assumes that consumers ignore the externalities they create, such as emissions from burning fossil fuels and generating waste. In an incentivized study (N = 3, 718), we find that most people forgo substantial gains to avoid imposing negative externalities on others. Using administrative data on household waste, we show a clear link between such prosociality and waste behavior: prosociality predicts lower residual waste generation and higher waste sorting. Prosociality also predicts survey-reported pro-environmental behaviors such as lowering indoor temperature, limiting air travel, and consuming eco-friendly products. These findings highlight the importance of considering social preferences in environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | social preferences, prosociality, environmental behaviors, externalities |
| JEL: | D01 D62 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11895 |
| By: | Liu, C.; Wang, J; Reiner, D. M. |
| Abstract: | Pollution leakage occurs when firms shift pollution-intensive activities to lessregulated regions, potentially undermining environmental policies. Given data limitations in developing countries, investment flows offer an alternative to traditional leakage measures. Using manually collected investment data from 390 listed pollution-intensive firms in China, our study evaluates whether regionally differentiated regulations under the 2013 Clean Air Policy triggered domestic pollution leakage. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we find that regulated firms significantly increased pollution-related investments in subsidiaries located in less-regulated areas after the policy. Pollution leakage patterns vary by region, with firms in the Three Regions (centered around Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou respectively) relocating investments to both nearby provinces and distant western China, while those in ten other major city clusters primarily shifted investments to nearby areas. We also show that industrial agglomeration, transport infrastructure, and weak innovation capacity drive this relocation. Our findings suggest that investment flows offer a valuable lens for identifying pollution leakage, and that unintended east-to-west transfers may undermine environmental gains. Policymakers should strengthen disclosure requirements, target pollution control funding to affected regions, and support green innovation to reduce relocation incentives. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Regulation, Domestic Pollution Leakage, Air Pollution, Listed Pollution-Intensive Firms, Pollution-Related Investments |
| JEL: | L25 L60 O13 Q53 Q58 R11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2533 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Aslanidis, Panagiotis-Stavros |
| Abstract: | The present review aims to strengthen both the theoretical foundation and real-world relevance of environmental valuation methods, especially in regions marked by cultural diversity or spiritual significance. Its goal is to explore how embracing sociocultural pluralism can support more inclusive, meaningful, and accepted environmental decisions, encouraging deeper public engagement, emotional connection, and long-term care for nature. The novelty lies in integrating these qualitative dimensions into environmental valuation by monitoring 103 studies from Scopus and Web of Science databases in the period 2010-2025. The paper follows a structured path, it surveys key literature, outlines the chosen methodology, presents context-specific findings with the comparison of two distinct frameworks (sociocultural and economic), and reflects on implications for both policy and academic frameworks. It offers three main contributions: (i) it highlights the importance of integrating psychological and sociocultural elements into sustainable development framework; (ii) advocates the spiritual capital as a valuable assets through which ecosystems can be understood and supported based on services to ecosystems; and (iii) it demonstrates how values, norms, and perceptions can shape pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) and policy pathways for sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | environmental psychology; environmental sociology; environmental economics; sustainable consumer behaviour; sustainable development; ethics. |
| JEL: | D64 M14 Q01 Q50 Q51 Q58 Z1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124961 |
| By: | Mehta, Soumya Kapoor; Gupta, Neelanjana |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the social dimensions of both climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in India. On the adaptation side, it documents how people and communities are coping and adapting to climate change, and whether these strategies and their costs vary by socio-economic vulnerability. It narrows in on actions that communities are taking to advance their resilience in climate hotspots in India and makes the case for locally led climate action and devolved climate financing, with an emphasis on empowering women as resilient champions. On the mitigation side, the paper describes the ambitious steps that India has taken towards climate change mitigation, the potential impacts they may have on India’s people (both positive and adverse), and challenges and opportunities presented, to make the case for a socially inclusive transition to low carbon energy. The paper concludes by laying down policy recommendations for India to ensure a people centered approach. |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:202022 |
| By: | Lee, Seungjin; Mazarei Saadabadi, Kasra; Martinez-Morales, Alfredo A. |
| Abstract: | This white paper evaluates the feasibility of solar-powered bike paths in California, integrating renewable energy generation with sustainable transportation. Drawing on global case studies—including Germany’s solar cycle path roofing project, the Netherlands’ SolaRoad, and South Korea’s solar-integrated bike path—the study highlights the environmental, economic, and technical benefits of these systems. A conceptual case study along the Santa Ana River Trail in Riverside, California, modeled a 1 megawatt solar bike path capable of producing 2, 022, 041 kilowatt-hours (kWh) annually and offsetting 734 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The analysis used advanced tools like PVWatts (a solar energy output estimation tool), System Advisor Model (SAM), and Jobs and Economic Development Impact (JEDI) to assess energy production, financial viability, and job creation. The Riverside project demonstrated a levelized cost of energy of 12.64 cents per kWh and job creation of 20.4 construction jobs and 0.2 operational jobs, confirming financial feasibility for pilot-scale projects. However, challenges such as high upfront costs, maintenance demands, and regulatory complexities must be addressedthrough modular designs and streamlined permitting processes. Key recommendations include leveraging public-private partnerships, prioritizing equity in project siting to benefit underserved communities, and initiating pilot projects in high-visibility areas to demonstrate feasibility and catalyze adoption. Solar bike paths represent a scalable solution to advance California’s climate goals, integrating renewable energy with urban infrastructure to create a cleaner, more equitable future. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, GIS, solar bike paths, geospatial analysis, ArcGIS, System Advisor Model, JEDI model, PVWatts, renewable energy analysis |
| Date: | 2025–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt97k9r1f0 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Aslanidis, Panagiotis-Stavros |
| Abstract: | This report examines the interlinkages between the environmental topic-specific cross-sector European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) within the broader frameworks of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. The environmental ESRS offer a structured approach for companies to assess and disclose their environmental impacts, risks, and opportunities (IROs), focusing on five key areas: (i) climate change, (ii) pollution, (iii) water and marine resources, (iv) biodiversity, and (v) resource use. These standards aim to enable transparent and comparable sustainability reporting across sectors while aligning corporate strategies with EU sustainability objectives. The integration of such standards can support companies’ efforts in implementing more effectively CSR initiatives and ESG performance; thus, fostering accountability, resilience, and long-term value creation. Ultimately, the interconnections between the environmental ESRS underscore the complexity and interdependence of environmental challenges, promoting a holistic approach to further achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | CSR; ESG; CSRD; SDGs; European green deal. |
| JEL: | M14 Q01 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124991 |
| By: | Kowalska Malgorzata Agata; Delre Antonio (European Commission - JRC); Donatello Shane; Faraca Giorgia (European Commission - JRC); Wolf Oliver (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Green public procurement (GPP) is a powerful tool to achieve environmental objectives by means of incorporation of green requirements into public sector purchasing contracts. Public authorities, by promoting âgreenâ purchases, incentivise an environmental outcome and foster market innovation as well as the transformation towards a sustainable economy. In order to âgreenâ the market, it is essential for producers to be able to make certifiable and credible green claims about their products and for customers to know what to ask for. While the EU Ecolabel policy can provide environmental references or standards for the former, the EU Green Public Procurement policy can provide for the latter. The EU GPP recommendations in this document are based on the EU Ecolabel criteria and intend to provide authorities with guidance on how to exploit the use of ecolabels in the procurement process. Accordingly, this report aims to bring these two policies together in order to find synergies between on the supply side EU Ecolabel policy and on the demand side EU GPP policy â specifically for the procurement of graphic paper, tissue paper and tissue products.In addition to a brief introduction to the EU Ecolabel policy, to the EU GPP policy and to procurement procedures as a whole, research is presented to support JRC recommendations to public procurers on exactly which green criteria to set when trying to procure environmentally friendly graphic paper, tissue paper and tissue products. The recommended environmental criteria focus on: (i) fibre sourcing; (ii) pulp bleaching; (iii) emissions to water and air; and (iv) energy consumption. For GPP criteria recommendations, both product groups, i.e. (i) graphic paper and (ii) tissue paper and tissue products, are addressed separately to the extent that reflects technological differences. Where relevant, further information is provided about why the criteria are relevant, the meaning of test results and what other ISO 14024 type I ecolabels may be considered equivalent. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141293 |
| By: | Rim Berahab; Karim El Aynaoui |
| Abstract: | The demand for energy in Africa is growing rapidly, driven by population growth, urbanisation and industrialisation. Nevertheless, over 600 million Africans still lack access to electricity, which represents a significant energy gap for the continent. At the same time, Africa is endowed with vast renewable-energy potential, including abundant solar and wind resources, along with emerging technologies such as green hydrogen. It is crucial to unlock this potential to meet Africa’s energy needs and to foster sustainable economic development. Africa is well-placed to capitalise on the global drive for clean energy technologies and supply chain development, as renewable energy offers the dual benefits of expanding energy access and promoting green industrialisation across the continent. Nevertheless, achieving this transformation will be complex, involving a range of challenges in relation to governance, policy, financing, costs, domestic markets and competitiveness. Effective governance is vital to guarantee a coordinated and inclusive transition. However, many African countries are confronted with political instability, regulatory uncertainties and fragmented institutions, which make the implementation of ambitious renewable energy policies more challenging. Robust governance frameworks are thus essential to secure the investment required to scale-up renewable energy projects across the continent. It is equally important to consider the policy environment, which should strike a balance between the urgent need for energy access and specific challenges faced by Africa and the sustainability and climate goals. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_04-25-ch |
| By: | Olga Chiappinelli (University of Barcelona, BEAT); Ambrogio Dalò (Universiy of Groningen); Leonardo M. Giuffrida (ZEW Mannheim, MaCCI, CESifo) |
| Abstract: | Governments can support the green transition through green public procurement. Despite its strategic importance, the impact of this policy on firms remains unclear. Using US data, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of the causal effects of green contracts on corporate environmental and economic performance. We focus on an affirmative program for sustainable products, which represents one-sixth of the total federal procurement budget, and publicly traded firms, which account for one-third of total US emissions. Our results show that securing green contracts reduces emissions relative to firm size and increases productivity, with these effects persisting in the long run. We find no evidence that the program selects greener firms, nor that green public procurement sales crowd out private sales. We propose that increased R&D investment, incentivized by the program’s requirements, is a key mechanism behind these improvements. |
| Keywords: | Public Procurement, Environmental Policy, Firm Performance, Staggered Difference-in-difference |
| JEL: | D22 D44 H32 H57 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ewp:wpaper:474web |
| By: | Fatih Kansoy; Dominykas Stasiulaitis |
| Abstract: | The rapid growth of sustainable investing—now exceeding $35 trillion globally—has transformed financial markets, yet the implications for monetary policy transmis sion remain unexplored. While extensive literature documents heterogeneous firm responses to monetary policy through traditional channels like size and leverage, whether environmental, social, and governance (ESG) characteristics create distinct transmission mechanisms is unknown. Using high-frequency identification around 160 Federal Reserve announcements (2005-2025), we uncover an asymmetric pattern: high-ESG firms gain 1.6 basis points protection from contractionary target surprises yet suffer 2.6 basis points greater sensitivity to forward guidance shocks. This asymmetry persists within industries and intensifies with investor climate awareness. Remarkably, the Paris Agreement inverted these relationships—before December 2015, high-ESG firms were more vulnerable to contractionary policy within industries; afterward, they gained protection, a 186 basis point reversal. We develop a two-period model featuring heterogeneous investors with sustainability preferences that quantitatively matches these patterns. The model reveals how ESG investors’ non-pecuniary utility creates differential demand elasticities, simultaneously protecting green firms from imme diate rate changes while amplifying forward guidance vulnerability through their longer investment horizons. These findings establish environmental characteristics as a new dimension of monetary policy non-neutrality, with profound implications as sustainable finance continues expanding. |
| Date: | 2025–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oxf:wpaper:1082 |
| By: | Salvatore Amico Roxas; Matteo Cuda; Marina Kisvarday; Filippo Munisteri; Francesco Scotti |
| Abstract: | National Promotional Banks and Institutions (NPBIs) are state-owned or partially state-owned financial entities mandated to pursue specific socioeconomic objectives. Their role has been widely analysed in the literature, particularly in relation to sustainable development and addressing market failures. NPBIs contribute to long-term investments by financing socially desirable projects, often acting countercyclically and providing financial support where private investment is insufficient. They also operate under an “additionality” logic, ensuring that their funding complements rather than replaces private sector investment. Recent regulatory developments, such as the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) and the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), have increased transparency regarding NPBIs’ impact on sustainability. However, research has not yet fully assessed their ability to implement proactive strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While studies have examined their contributions to carbon abatement and clean innovation, other key sustainability dimensions, such as water, sanitation, and biodiversity, remain underexplored. Additionally, existing literature often conflates NPBIs with broader public finance mechanisms, failing to distinguish their specific contributions. This paper addresses these gaps by analysing how NPBIs in Europe align their strategies with SDGs. It examines their impact across different sustainability dimensions and explores the correlation between NPBIs' actions and national progress on SDGs. The study also considers the evolving role of NPBIs in the EU policy landscape, particularly regarding the green transition and financial instruments such as InvestEU. Findings of this research show that NPBIs are highly committed to delivering sustainable goals and SDGs, but while historically counter-cyclical, in this analysis NPBIs prioritize long-term policy goals, such as green and digital transitions, which may reduce their flexibility in responding to short-term economic crises. This trade-off highlights the need for a strategic balance between long-term structural objectives and economic resilience, making these findings particularly relevant for policymakers, academia and strategists. |
| JEL: | G23 M14 O19 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:dispap:220 |
| By: | Chang Liu; Jingrong Wang; David M Reiner |
| Keywords: | Environmental regulation, domestic pollution leakage, air pollution, listed pollution-intensive firms, pollution-related investments |
| JEL: | L25 L60 O13 Q53 Q58 R11 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2511 |
| By: | Cristina Peñasco |
| Abstract: | France's green transition offers a unique lens into the interplay between decarbonisation strategies and industrial competitiveness within the context of a high-income economy. As a major European economy, France stands at a critical moment in balancing its reliance on nuclear power with the acceleration of renewable energy adoption and fostering green industrial innovation. This is relevant as the country faces increasing pressure to align with the EU’s 2050 carbon-neutrality goals while addressing domestic challenges, including fiscal constraints. This study employs a descriptive methodology based on a comparative analysis of indicators. By analysing indicators such as R&D spending, patenting trends, renewable energy costs, and green export shares, the paper assesses France’s green goods export competitiveness, industrial strengths, energy transition inputs, and transition risks relative to other G7 nations, China, and Spain. The findings reveal that while France benefits from strong nuclear infrastructure and high Green Complexity Potential, its share in global green exports has declined—from 4.7% in 2000 to 2.5% in 2022. Furthermore, lagging renewable energy deployment, limited fiscal support, and gaps in green innovation suggest that France risks falling behind some European counterparts, such as Germany or Italy, in achieving leadership in the green transition. However, opportunities exist in high-complexity sectors such as hydrogen, environmental monitoring, and carbon capture technologies, where France’s existing capabilities can drive competitiveness and export growth. Its participation in a single European green good export market is a key strategy to strengthen a competitive transition in France and Europe more widely. |
| Keywords: | Green Transition, Industrial Competitiveness, Exports, Decarbonization, Green Innovation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:990 |
| By: | Hayet, Kaddachi; Naceur, Benzina |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of corruption on environmental quality in GCC countries from 2003 to 2021, focusing in particular on direct and indirect impacts on CO2 emissions. We use two-stage least squares (2SLS) panel regression analysis to account for potential endogeneity and provide robust empirical evidence. The results show that corruption has a direct and significant positive effect on environmental quality. This suggests that some corrupt practices can lead to short-term emission reductions by delaying or distorting large, environmentally harmful projects. However, it also has indirect negative effects: corruption undermines economic growth and institutional integrity and ultimately worsens long-term environmental impacts. Overall, the positive effects of corruption on environmental quality are positive, although they are differentiated and context-dependent. In addition, the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is tested. This suggests that after an initial decline in emissions, environmental destruction could resume as income levels rise. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen institutional governance, eradicate corruption, and promote sustainable environmental policies in resource-dependent economies. |
| Keywords: | Corruption, environmental quality, CO2 emissions, EKC, Economic Growth |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–05–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124830 |
| By: | Ferid Belhaj |
| Abstract: | MENA faces a severe water crisis, with 12 of the world’s 17 most water-stressed countries. Climate change, population growth, inefficient water management, and weak governance drive this challenge. Water production, treatment, and distribution require high energy inputs, while energy generation depends on water for cooling and refining. The region must integrate renewable energy, especially solar power, into water solutions like desalination. Inaction could shrink GDP by up to 14% by 2050, while a $500 billion investment over the next decade could secure water resources. Key solutions include renewable-powered desalination, modernized water networks, large-scale wastewater recycling, and innovative financing through green bonds, public- private partnerships, and sovereign wealth funds. Regional collaboration on transboundary water management and shared desalination projects remains essential. MENA must act now. By integrating sustainable water-energy strategies, the region can secure its future and drive stability and growth. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb016_25 |
| By: | Siebert, Lotta; Wu, Jiajun; Bednarz, Lena-Katharina; Keller, David; Meier, Felix; Merk, Christine; Peterson, Sonja; Rickels, Wilfried |
| Abstract: | A growing number of countries have announced net-zero and net-negative emissions targets, but only a few countries provide incentives for carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We derive estimates of countries' hypothetical demand for CDR in 2030 based on their emissions reduction targets under the Paris Agreement. The aggregated average global demand for CDR in the compliance year 2030 is 1064 MtCO2, 353 MtCO2, and 124 MtCO2 for the low, medium, and high-cost CDR scenarios, respectively. This demand comes exclusively from countries and regions with relatively high GDP per capita, relatively high abatement costs and a limited supply of removals from afforestation. In a scenario with full international emissions trading, CDR demand until 2030 would drop to zero. Thus, the near-term demand for CDR is primarily driven by fragmented, inefficient climate policies. As there will be no functioning system of international emissions trading in the near future, regions with ambitious climate targets and high abatement costs, such as Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the European Union, will already have significant CDR demand in 2030. Marine CDR methods such as macroalgae cultivation and harvesting could make a small but relevant contribution to meeting this demand. However, given the lead time required to achieve reasonable carbon sequestration efficiencies, a forward-looking climate policy would begin to incentivize and develop such methods now, so that areas within countries' exclusive economic zones can be developed for this purpose. |
| Keywords: | marine carbon dioxide removal, emissions reductions compliance markets, international emissions reductions trading, macroalgae cultivation and harvest |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318269 |
| By: | Sarcina Angela (European Commission - JRC); Miedzinski Michal (European Commission - JRC); Rialland Pierre (European Commission - JRC); Cervantes Mario; Daniels Chux; Elci Sirin; Ely Adrian; Galindo Manuel; Ismail Flora; Ploeg Matthias; Rivera Lorena |
| Abstract: | The report provides a detailed analysis of the design and implementation of Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) roadmaps aimed at advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Developed as part of the collaboration with the Directorate-General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) of the European Commission for the development of STI for SDGs roadmaps, the report focuses on the experiences of five partner countries: The Gambia, Mauritius, Namibia, Rwanda, and Seychelles. It describes a challenge-oriented framework that aligns STI initiatives with the SDGs, addressing critical sustainability challenges such as food security, climate change resilience, energy transition, and health. The report emphasizes a participatory, evidence-based methodology that integrates local contexts and stakeholder perspectives to ensure relevant and effective STI interventions. Through extensive stakeholder engagement and a comprehensive portfolio of analytical tools, the roadmaps are tailored to each country's unique needs, thereby fostering ownership and commitment among national stakeholders. Additionally, the report highlights the value of challenge-led STI policies and roadmaps, offering strategic recommendations and insights for policymakers, international organizations, and investors. It serves as a practical guide for replicating and adapting the STI for SDGs approach in diverse contexts, aiming to enhance economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability across the region. Concluding with a call to action, the report urges for strengthened collaboration and investment in STI initiatives, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and strategic partnerships to address sustainability challenges and drive sustainable development in Africa. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141135 |
| By: | Elci Sirin; Galindo Manuel; Sarcina Angela (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Recognizing the crucial role of science, technology, and innovation (STI) in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this report is set within the broader context of the European Commissionâs global and regional initiatives, underscoring the commitment to the Global Gateway initiative. It forms part of a collaborative endeavour by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate-General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) of the European Commission, focusing on five African countries. Within this framework, the report focuses on Seychelles, exploring STI's role in addressing the country's critical sustainability challenges, particularly in enhancing energy efficiency and integrating renewable energy sources. The objective is to boost energy efficiency and renewable energy uptake by formulating an STI for SDGs Roadmap through participatory and co-creative approaches. The methodology involves comprehensive desk research, stakeholder workshops, interviews, and surveys to collect insights from public and private sectors, NGOs, and academia. Findings highlight Seychelles' significant reliance on fossil fuels, inefficient electricity production, and underutilized renewable energy potential. Key policy recommendations include strengthening STI governance, enhancing human capital, and fostering eco-innovation through focused R&D. The report's originality lies in its tailored approach to leveraging STI for reinforcing Seychelles' energy resilience and sustainability, which provides a well-structured portfolio of STI investments specifically tailored to Seychelles' sustainability challenges and offers a valuable framework for other countries facing similar sustainability issues. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141389 |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Anastasia Flerianou; Frederick Herpers; Eleni Manousiadi; Lydia Papadaki; Ilias Katris; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The sustainable development of regions worldwide is contingent upon the blue economy, which encompasses all economic activities associated with oceans, seas, and littoral areas. The Black Sea, situated at the intersection of Europe and Asia, possesses an immense potential for the development of a prosperous blue economy. Nevertheless, this potential is accompanied by a distinctive set of challenges that must be resolved in order to ensure the sustainable development of maritime industries in the region. DOORS Black Sea, an EU-funded initiative that establishes optimal and transparent research support for the Black Sea, addresses these issues. DOORS establishes a system of systems (SoS) to resolve the impacts of human and climate change on the marine ecosystem, thereby creating 'blue economy' prospects and regenerating the Black Sea. This system connects residents, research, and industry. Stakeholder engagement is essential for the success, value, and impact of DOORS. Together with researchers, they advance science and technology, rendering project labour more significant. In an effort to assist scientists in the prioritisation of Black Sea issues, Multi-Actor Forums (MAFs) convene national stakeholders from Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Georgia, regardless of their background. The concentration is on blue economy policies and innovations that address gaps. This method also assists in the co-design of the region's system of systems, providing researchers with the datasets necessary to address environmental issues and expand the blue economy. This study examines the potential impact of the findings on the long-term expansion of the blue economy and related policy in the region. |
| Keywords: | Blue Economy, Stakeholders engagement, Black Sea, Innovation Acceleration, start-ups |
| Date: | 2025–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2537 |
| By: | Frattini, Federico Fabio; Vona, Francesco; Bontadini, Filippo; Colantone, Italo |
| Abstract: | What are the job multipliers of the green industrialization? We tackle this question within EU regions over the period 2003-2017, building a novel measure of green manufacturing penetration that combines green production and regional employment data. We estimate local job multipliers of green penetration in a long-difference model, using a shift-share instrument that exploits plausibly exogenous changes in non-EU green innovation. We find that a 3-years change in green penetration per worker increases the employment-to-active population ratio by 0.11 pp. The effect is: persistent both in manufacturing and outside manufacturing; halved by agglomeration effects that increase the labour market tightness; stronger for workers with high and low-education; and present also in regions specialized in polluting industries. When focusing on large shocks in a staggered DiD design, we find ten times larger effects, particularly in earlier periods. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:358792 |
| By: | Piero Basaglia; Luis Sarmiento |
| Abstract: | We use the complete set of administrative public healthcare records in Mexico to provide the first nationwide assessment of diagnosed morbidity attributable to PM2.5 exposure across various health conditions in a developing country. By leveraging quasi-random air pollution shocks from variations in the planetary boundary layer height across Mexican municipalities, we determine the causal impact of PM2.5 on healthcare demand. Our findings indicate that a marginal increase in PM2.5 leads to a 2.3% rise in emergency department admission rates. This effect varies significantly by age group and exposure levels. While most of the increase results from respiratory conditions related to air pollution, we also identify significant impacts on several previously unexplored health issues. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, public health, development, environmental policy, health inequality |
| JEL: | Q53 Q58 I31 I18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11901 |
| By: | Stanley, Leonardo Ernesto |
| Abstract: | The current warming trend of our planet is extremely likely to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century. Changes in the climate will become more and more recurrent, which will bring increasing economic problems. Transposing Earth's boundaries, on the other hand, might lead climate as well as nature to unknown territories where the non-knowledge prevails. How to make decisions in this context? Radical uncertainty forces us to make decisions "in the dark", where narratives help us to anticipate an explanation for unexplained events. |
| Keywords: | Cambio Climático; Incertidumbre; Toma de Decisiones; Transición Energética; |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4303 |
| By: | TOKUNAGA, Masahiro |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the development of renewable energy in Russia, with a focus on the concept of ecological modernization as an analytical framework with an aim to see the realities of green transition in the country that seems to have fallen behind other major countries in the dynamics of decarbonization. At the national level, Russia’s green transition is slow and sluggish in terms of the installation of variable renewable energy (VRE) generators, despite the fact that it has a considerable amount of latent renewable sources to contribute to decarbonization. On top of this, it has become more difficult for the country to navigate the decarbonizing world as a result of the unprecedented economic sanctions that have forced Western firms to give up their operations in the field of renewables. The demonstration project on the use of wind energy in Tiksi, a northern town in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), has shown that wind energy production has successfully progressed as part of the Japan–Russia energy cooperation; however, due to the impact of energy and financial sanctions, it seems unlikely to start a new initiative for wind energy development in the republic with abundant wind resources. In the context of ecological modernization theory, the pathway to a decarbonizing society with innovative renewable technologies is now shut down rather than closed for Russia, partly because of malfunction of domestic institutionalization and mainly owing to Western economic sanctions. This is in contrast to China’s experience, wherein ecological modernization has been forced as a national policy in the last two decades. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy, Russia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), economic sanctions, ecological modernization |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:rrcwps:106 |
| By: | Rida Lyammouri; Boglarka Bozsogi |
| Abstract: | Fluctuating precipitation and extreme weather are long-standing features of life in West Africa, the Sahel, and the Lake Chad Basin. Communities across the region have historically adapted to these unique climatic conditions in diverse ways. However, the growing impact of climate change, coupled with challenges to food security and ecological resilience, has elevated these issues on the agendas of regional and international policy platforms. Despite this recognition, the region faces significant capacity-building needs and a lack of vertical integration of sub-national actors in climate strategy—both of which are essential to unlocking the transformative economic potential of climate action. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb021_25 |
| By: | Cèlia Estruch-Garcia (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB); Albert Solé-Ollé (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB); Filippo Tassinari (Universitat Pompeu Fabra & BSE & IEB); Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB & CEPR) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the electoral effects of Barcelona's Superblocks pedestrianization policy, a green initiative designed to reduce car traffic and enhance urban environments. Using census tract-level data from the 2023 local elections, we assess the policy's impact on support for the incumbent mayor. Our findings reveal a positive and statistically significant increase in votes in areas directly affected by the policy, with benefits also extending to neighboring districts. Importantly, there is no evidence that the intervention led to traffic displacement, which suggests that such disruptions did not provoke electoral backlash. Further analysis indicates that the policy's effects are not driven by concerns over gentrification or mobility disruptions. Instead, the effects are stronger in more educated neighborhoods, pointing to the role of environmental attitudes in shaping political support. These results contribute to the literature on the political economy of green policies, underscoring the importance of localized impacts in shaping electoral outcomes and sustaining públic support for urban climate initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Green policies, Cities, Elections |
| JEL: | D72 Q58 R53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2025-01 |
| By: | Yan Bai; Elena M. Martinez; Mizuki Yamanaka; Marko Rissanen; Anna Herforth; William A. Masters |
| Abstract: | About 2.8 billion people worldwide cannot afford the least expensive foods required for a healthy diet. Since 2020, the Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD) has been published for all countries by FAO and the World Bank and is widely used to guide social protection, agricultural, and public health and nutrition policies. Here, we measure how healthy diets could be obtained with the lowest possible greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in ways that could further inform food choice and policy decisions toward sustainability goals. We find that the lowest possible GHG emissions for a healthy diet in 2021 would emit 0.67 kg CO2e (SD=0.10) and cost USD 6.95 (SD=1.86) per day, while each country's lowest-priced items would emit 1.65 kg CO2e (SD=0.56) and cost USD 3.68 (SD=0.75). Healthy diets with foods in proportions actually consumed in each country would emit 2.44 kg CO2e (SD=1.27) and cost USD 9.96 (SD=4.92). Differences in emissions are driven by item selection within animal-source foods, and starchy staples to a lesser extent, with only minor differences in other food groups. Results show how changes in agricultural policy and food choice can most cost-effectively support healthier and more sustainable diets worldwide. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.24457 |
| By: | Jian, Wenze; Zhong, Ziqi |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how eco-positioning strategies influence consumers’ evaluations of fashion brands, their willingness to pay for eco-friendly fashion products, and their sustainable fashion consumption intentions. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Value-Belief-Norm Theory, this study constructs an integrated analysis framework. Data were collected through a structured online experiment, wherein participants completed three randomized experimental modules, each testing a distinct dependent variable. Within each module, participants were independently assigned to different eco-positioning stimuli. The results indicate that eco-positioning significantly affects brand evaluation and purchase intention, with process-related eco-positioning having a stronger effect. High brand familiarity enhances the effectiveness of eco-positioning strategies. Strong eco-positioning remarkably increases consumers’ willingness to pay, with perceived environmental sustainability playing an important mediating role. Additionally, sustainable fashion consumption intention under eco-positioning advertising is markedly higher than that under other advertising conditions, with environmental concern and fashion involvement acting as key moderating factors. |
| Keywords: | fashion marketing; eco-positioning; consumer perception; sustainability |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128137 |
| By: | Blanco Sara (European Commission - JRC); Arcipowska Aleksandra (European Commission - JRC); Fiorese Giulia; Maury Thibaut (European Commission - JRC); Napolano Loredana (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The steel industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of worldwide emissions. As steelmakers in the EU invest heavily in decarbonisation, the success of these efforts hinges on the marketâs ability to differentiate and reward low-carbon emissions steel production. In response, multiple initiatives and standards have emerged to define ""low-carbon emissions steel"" and set corresponding emissions thresholds. However, the lack of a unified definition and harmonised criteria presents significant challenges for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors alike. This report presents a comparative analysis of major international initiatives and standards, assessing their methodological approaches, system boundaries, and quantitative emissions thresholds. The findings reveal substantial inconsistencies in scope, system boundaries, and emissions accounting methodologies, which undermine comparability across frameworks, affecting market transparency and fair competition. Nonetheless, despite these divergences, the study identifies a trend toward long-term alignment, with most initiatives targeting similar emissions intensities by 2050. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141817 |
| By: | Jinchi Dong; Richard S. J. Tol; Jinnan Wang |
| Abstract: | Estimating the effects of climate on economic output is crucial for formulating climate policy, but current empirical findings remain ambiguous. Using annual panel model and panel long-difference model with global subnational data from nearly all countries, we find robust evidence that weather shocks have a transient effect on output. The impact on economic growth is large and significant in the short-run but statistically insignificant in the long-run, except in the coldest and hottest places. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.17946 |
| By: | Yaroslav Melekh (UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources); James Dixon (UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources); Katrina Salmon (UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources); Michael Grubb (UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources) |
| Abstract: | The European gas system has entered a structurally volatile phase defined by post energy crisis overbuild, dislocated demand trajectories, and a decoupling mandate under REPowerEU. This paper interrogates the contradictions between fossil lock-in through LNG import capacity and overcontracting, and policy-driven demand reduction. The EU’s pivot to flexible LNG procurement exposes pricing to global volatility, while decarbonisation hinges on electrification, demand-side retrofits and hydrogen feasibility—each encumbered by cost, infrastructure lag, and political friction. We assess Europe's gas outlook through the decade's residual volatility, policy ambivalence, and the emerging global LNG oversupply regime — a clash with geopolitical energy security imperatives, domestic backlashes against capital-intensive green technologies and market inertia. We argue that Europe’s energy system now operates in a zone of structural ambiguity—where security, sovereignty, economy and climate ambition remain deeply entangled, but as yet far from operationally aligned. |
| Keywords: | Natural gas trade; LNG; European energy scenarios; European energy security; RePowerEU |
| JEL: | D40 D47 F15 F21 F50 F51 G13 H12 L60 L95 O25 O38 O52 Q34 Q35 Q41 Q47 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:thk:wpaper:inetwp233 |
| By: | Immervoll, Herwig (OECD, Paris); Linden, Jules (LISER (CEPS/INSTEAD)); O'Donoghue, Cathal (University of Galway); Sologon, Denisa Maria (LISER (CEPS/INSTEAD)) |
| Abstract: | Carbon pricing is becoming increasingly common but raises equity concerns and is frequently perceived as putting higher burdens on the poor than the rich. This chapter discusses the reasons for unequal carbon price burdens across countries and population groups, through the lens of a comparative analysis for two countries with comparable climates but different income levels, Lithuania and Finland. The simulations consider multiple revenue recycling options, and they account for both the direct burdens from households’ fuel consumption and indirect burdens associated with the impact of carbon charges on the prices of other goods. With no compensation to affected households, average burdens are larger and also more regressive in Lithuania than in Finland, largely because of cross-country differences in energy expenditure patterns. Net distributional outcomes depend crucially on how carbon tax revenues are used, however, and carefully designed compensation can prevent regressive impacts of carbon-price packages. |
| Keywords: | Environmental tax reform, Energy budget share, Distributional impact, Carbon tax burden, Carbon taxation, Revenue recycling |
| JEL: | C8 D12 D31 H23 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17898 |
| By: | Tommaso Proietti (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Alessandro Giovannelli (University of L’Aquila) |
| Abstract: | The quantification of the interannual component of variability in climatological time series is essential for the assessment and prediction of the El Ni˜no - Southern Oscillation phenomenon. This is achieved by estimating the deviation of a climate variable (e.g., temperature, pressure, precipitation, or wind strength) from its normal conditions, defined by its baseline level and seasonal patterns. Climate normals are currently estimated by simple arithmetic averages calculated over the most recent 30-year period ending in a year divisible by 10. The suitability of the standard methodology has been questioned in the context of a changing climate, characterized by nonstationary conditions. The literature has focused on the choice of the bandwidth and the ability to account for trends induced by climate change. The paper contributes to the literature by proposing a regularized real time filter based on local trigonometric regression, optimizing the estimation bias-variance trade-off in the presence of climate change, and by introducing a class of seasonal kernels enhancing the localization of the estimates of climate normals. Application to sea surface temperature series in the Ni˜no 3.4 region and zonal and trade winds strength in the equatorial and tropical Pacific region, illustrates the relevance of our proposal. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Seasonality; El Ni˜no - Southern Oscillation; Local Trigonometric Regression. |
| JEL: | C22 C32 C53 |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:602 |
| By: | Dzung Nguyen-Le; Long Trinh-Tuan; Thanh Nguyen-Xuan; Tung Nguyen-Duy; Thanh Ngo-Duc |
| Abstract: | The wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) is a widely used index for assessing heat stress. However, many studies on heat stress under climate change rely on simplified WBGT calculations, which may introduce biases. In this study, high-resolution climate data and the physically-based WBGT model are employed to provide a more reliable assessment of future heat stress impacts across Vietnam and its seven sub-climatic regions. Projected changes are analyzed for three future periods — the near future (2021–2040), mid-future (2041–2060), and far future (2081–2100) — relative to the baseline period (1995–2014) under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. Additionally, changes are assessed across different global warming levels (GWL), ranging from 1.5°C to 4°C above the pre-industrial level. Long-term trends throughout the studied period are also examined. The findings reveal significant increases in heat stress across Vietnam in the future. A major concern is the substantial increases in the number of days exceeding impact-relevant heat stress thresholds, most notably in the Red River Delta and Mekong River Delta, two most densely populated and agriculturally critical subregions of Vietnam. Heat stress emergence and intensity are closely linked to the radiative forcing of SSP scenarios and the GWLs, with higher forcing scenarios and warmer GWL producing more severe conditions and a greater frequency of exceedance days. The most severe impacts are projected under SSP5-8.5 as well as GWLs of 3°C and 4°C, indicating the urgent need to limit future warming to mitigate the risk of heat stress. Biases in simplified WBGT calculations are also discussed, suggesting significant overestimations of exceedance days in most of Vietnam. Such biases could lead to misleading assessments, unnecessary alarms, and potentially flawed adaptation strategies, highlighting the critical need for accurate WBGT modeling in climate impact research. |
| Keywords: | Vietnam |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en18118 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The second Trump administration’s reversal of federal climate policy is reshaping the U.S. energy and industrial landscape, with significant implications for macroeconomic performance, clean technology competitiveness, and global climate cooperation. While the deregulatory shift and emphasis on fossil-fuel production may generate short-term output gains in selected sectors, the long-term structural transformation necessary for sustained growth in an increasingly low-carbon global economy is likely to be undermined. President Donald Trump’s efforts to dismantle the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and related climate policies has disrupted private investment flows, stalled infrastructure deployment, and raised uncertainty for firms in clean-energy supply chains. Simultaneously, regulatory weakening—particularly of emissions standards—has heightened fiscal and systemic risks, while eroding the credibility of U.S. financial markets in pricing climate exposure. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb024_25 |
| By: | Elia Moretti; Michel Loreau; Michael Benzaquen |
| Abstract: | The intensification of European agriculture, characterized by increasing farm sizes, landscape simplification and reliance on synthetic pesticides, remains a key driver of biodiversity decline. While many studies have investigated this phenomenon, they often focus on isolated elements, resulting in a lack of holistic understanding and leaving policymakers and farmers with unclear priorities. This study addresses this gap by developing a spatially explicit ecological economic model designed to dissect the complex interplay between landscape structure and pesticide application, and their combined effects on natural enemy populations and farmers' economic returns. In particular, the model investigates how these relationships are modulated by farm size (a crucial aspect frequently overlooked in prior research). By calibrating on the European agricultural sector, we explore the ecological and economic consequences of various policy scenarios. We show that the effectiveness of ecological restoration strategies is strongly contingent upon farm size. Small to medium-sized farms can experience economic benefits from reduced pesticide use when coupled with hedgerow restoration, owing to enhanced natural pest control. In contrast, large farms encounter challenges in achieving comparable economic gains due to inherent landscape characteristics. This highlights the need to account for farm size in agri-environmental policies in order to promote biodiversity conservation and agricultural sustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.17687 |
| By: | Bonan, Jacopo; Granella, Francesco; Renna, Stefania; Sarmiento, Luis; Tavoni, Massimo |
| Abstract: | We randomize the installation of air purifiers across primary school classrooms to reduce children’s exposure to air pollution. The intervention reduces indoor PM₂.₅ concentrations by 32% and decreases student absenteeism by 12.5%. Effects are larger among students with higher pre-treatment absenteeism. The impact is greater when outdoor air pollution is relatively low and diminishes as outdoor pollution intensifies, consistent with non-linear marginal effects of air quality on health. The treatment students report fewer respiratory symptoms and exhibit greater awareness of air quality. The cost per absence day avoided is approximately € 11, resulting in a conservative cost-benefit ratio of one-to-nine.JEL codes: C93, I21, Q53, Q51Keywords: Indoor air quality, air purifiers, school absences, randomized controlled trial |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-25-17 |
| By: | Virginie Belle (ECLLA - Etudes du Contemporain en Littératures, Langues, Arts - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - ENSASE - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Saint-Étienne - ALLHiS - Approches Littéraires, Linguistiques et Historiques des Sources - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne, COACTIS - COnception de l'ACTIon en Situation - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne) |
| Abstract: | Reinventing textile waste into sustainable opportunities The example of the textile 360 project Faced with the challenges of textile waste, the development of local solutions can be enhanced by creating a bridge between mass recycling and the craft of reuse. This adaptive approach, described by the neologism reemployance, fosters collaborative innovation within a thriving ecosystem. By leveraging concepts of material circularity and sustainability, it aims to provide a comprehensive response. The methodology employed is based on field immersion and qualitative and quantitative analyses to build a reflective foundation and evaluate promising directions. The Textile 360 research project, developed within the Tremplin association in Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain), embodies this approach and could contribute to the structuring of a more sustainable model. |
| Abstract: | Réinventer le déchet textile en opportunités durables L'exemple du projet Textile 360 Face aux défis des déchets textiles, le développement de solutions locales peut être enrichi par la création d'une passerelle entre la massification (recyclage) et l'artisanat du réemploi. L'adoption de cette approche adaptative, qualifiée par le néologisme réemployance, stimule l'innovation collaborative au sein d'un écosystème fertile. En mobilisant des concepts de circularité et de durabilité des matériaux, elle tend vers une réponse globale. La méthodologie utilisée repose sur une immersion terrain, et des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives pour construire un socle réflectif et évaluer les orientations prometteuses. Le projet de recherche Textile 360, développé au sein de l'association Tremplin à Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain), incarne cette approche, et pourrait contribuer à la structuration d'un modèle plus durable. |
| Keywords: | Craft, reuse, design, recycling, circularity, Textile waste, Artisanat, réemploi, recyclage, circularité, déchets textile |
| Date: | 2025–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05074204 |
| By: | Abeeb Olaniran (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Elie Bouri (Corresponding author. School of Business, Lebanese American University, Lebanon); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study adopts a multilayer network approach to investigate the connectedness among clean, brown, and technology ETFs across four moments: returns, volatility, skewness, and kurtosis. Motivated by the non-normality of return distributions and energy transition under intensified climate risk, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating both lower- and higher-order moments to fully capture risk transmission dynamics. Within-layer, cross-layer, and total connectedness analysis reveals generally high interdependence, with notable exceptions during late 2024 (across all layers) and the 2008-2009 period (particularly for skewness and kurtosis). These episodes suggest that investor responses to extreme events differ across statistical moments, stressing the need for a multilayer framework in assessing market behaviour. While the return and volatility layers effectively capture major market shocks, skewness and kurtosis exhibit weaker spillovers, especially prior to the 2008 global financial crisis. Technology ETF plays a central role, exhibiting the highest overlap in both inflows and outflows during crisis periods, particularly between 2008 and 2014, and during COVID-19. Conversely, clean ETF shows limited vulnerability to systemic shocks, suggesting resiliency. Climate risks impact the spillovers across the within- and cross-layers. These findings are particularly relevant to investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers tasked with risk mitigation amid climate change concerns. |
| Keywords: | Clean energy, climate risk, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), spillover and multilayer network, higher-order moments, financial crises |
| JEL: | C32 G10 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202519 |
| By: | Maxime TERRIEUX |
| Abstract: | Despite a robust institutional framework and a broadly sound policy mix, Colombia’s economic model is running out of steam. For over a decade, since the end of the commodities supercycle, growth has been trending downward and socioeconomic indicators have stagnated, signs that the economy is stuck in the middle-income trap. This stagnation has exposed structural problems relating to productivity and underinvestment. More importantly, questions remain about the sustainability of the Colombian economic model in the medium-to-long term. Dependence on fossil fuels remains high, and given the impending depletion of the country’s reserves (around seven years’ supply of oil and gas remains), the need to diversify the economy, and the fight against climate change, a paradigm shift is needed.Although Gustavo Petro’s government has announces a move away from fossil fuels and a reindustrialization plan, no real diversification seems yet to be underway.The economy is also constrained by public finances pressures. Colombia lost its investment grade status in 2021, and despite a strengthened fiscal rule, it is struggling to reestablish its fiscal credibility in the eyes of investors.The doubly challenging context of a faltering economic model and constrained public finances calls for far-reaching changes. The energy transition offers a genuine opportunity to transform the economy and address the former problem. But the authorities’ capacity to implement the various strategies that have been set out, in particular a recent energy transition roadmap, remains to be proven, especially given the difficult political (absence of consensus) and security (failure of the Total Peace policy) context. Restoring fiscal credibility will also be crucial to establish a favorable environment for private investment, which is needed as the main driver of a new, sustainable economic model. |
| Keywords: | Colombie |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2025–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en18070 |
| By: | Barile, Lory (Department of Economics, University of Warwick); Guin, Benjamin (Bank of England); Sandi, Eleni (Department of Economics, University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Environmental policies can inadvertently increase transition risks, negatively impacting property prices. The Minimum Energy Effciency Standard (MEES), designed to enhance energy effciency in rental properties, may devalue sub-standard properties and can affect neighboring above-standard ones. Our study documents this spatial externality using a dataset that combines property transaction variables with energy effciency data at the postcode level. We construct a concentration measure for sub-standard properties and apply it to both aggregate and property- level analyses using a difference-in-differences approach. Our findings indicate that MEES comes with spatial externality on properties unaffected by the policy, with a 3.2% price decline in neighborhoods with higher concentrations of sub-standard housing. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy ; Spatial externality ; House prices JEL Codes: Q01 ; Q49 ; Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1562 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Niyonsingiza, Josue; Thurlow, James; Warner, James; Xu, Valencia Wenqian |
| Abstract: | The study systematically ranks investment options in the agrifood system based on their cost-effectiveness across multiple development outcomes. Investments in SME processors and traders and livestock extension are the most cost-effective for promoting agrifood GDP growth and employment. SMEs and livestock services together with seed systems and credit access contribute positively to social outcomes (poverty, undernourishment, and diet). The analysis finds a trade-off between economic gains and environmental outcomes— higher GDP effects often come with greater environmental costs. The Rwandan case demonstrates a slight shift in the relative cost-effectiveness of investments when accounting for historical climatic risks. The study emphasizes the need for data-driven investment planning, climate-aware policies, and balancing short-term gains with long-term sustainability objectives. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development; agrifood systems; investment; agricultural extension; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:174709 |
| By: | Vorbrugg, Alexander; Volosko, Myroslava; Tetiana, Grabovska; Miroshnyk, Nataliia; Polianska, Kateryna |
| Abstract: | Media play a central role in conveying what happens to land and ecosystems as they suffer war-induced disruptions when physical access is dangerous and restricted. We conducted a discourse analysis of Ukrainian media coverage on the destruction and recovery of landscapes and ecosystems since russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion. We found that, while much war-related academic debate focuses on questions of territory, questions of land are actively debated in Ukrainian media. Land is represented as a symbol of collective suffering and an archive of violence, but also a symbol of regenerative capacity and recovery. Land damage and recovery are related to various economic, environmental, social and health issues with implications for present and future generations. While environmental concerns risk being sidelined in the face of other urgent war-related issues, particularly their long-term implications, are emphasised as important. Beyond covering relatively obvious damages, media articles address underlying and complex issues of environmental degradation and recovery, which seems critical given the land-related challenges in Ukraine today. |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:da3nm_v1 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M.; Gbossa, Nadine |
| Abstract: | This policy brief combines the results of a food system mapping exercise with an analysis of financial flows into Niger’s food system from 2019 to 2022 to inform policymaking for food system transformation. The food system mapping reveals several critical points of failure, from low agricultural productivity and inefficient supply chains to poor nutritional outcomes and environmental degradation. Analysis of domestic and international financial flows to the food system reveals that climate adaptation and nutrition are underfunded areas. Understanding these weaknesses can help policymakers and development partners take a more coordinated and strategic approach to addressing the challenges facing Niger’s food system and can inform more effective resource allocation, ensuring that resources support long-term food security and sustainability. |
| Keywords: | targeting; food systems; cartography; agricultural production; nutrition; economic policies; Niger; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pacewp:159745 |
| By: | J. Scott Holladay (Department of Economics, University of Tennessee, Fellow, Howard B. Baker School for Public Policy); Justin R. Roush (Department of Economics, Xavier University) |
| Abstract: | We document significant variation in the relative pollution emissions of foreign owned and domestically owned manufacturing plants in the U.S. We use a sample of matched plant characteristics and pollution emissions to document the pollution emissions of foreign owned facilities relative to their competitors in the same industry. On average there is no difference in emissions intensity between domestic and foreign owned plants across all manufacturers, but in some industries foreign owned plants are much cleaner, while in others much dirtier. We show that the variation in relative pollution emissions of foreign owned manufacturing plants is correlated with industry characteristics: lower industry-level trade costs, higher fixed costs, and lower returns to agglomeration are associated with cleaner foreign owned plants. These results are consistent with a theoretical framework in which foreign plants have lower productivity, and therefore more pollution intensity, in industries where foreign ownership is more attractive relative to exporting. |
| Keywords: | Trade and environment, Firm heterogeneity, Plant-level emissions |
| JEL: | F1 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ten:wpaper:2025-02 |
| By: | Dube, Isha; Quaas, Martin; Sagebiel, Julian; Voss, Rudi |
| Abstract: | Many fish consumers reveal a preference for sustainably sourced seafood in their purchasing decisions. We propose a bioeconomic modeling approach and an empirical strategy, based on a discrete choice experiment, to quantify the resulting effects on fishery dynamics and to derive implications for efficient fishery management. We show that a “consumer stock effect” arises, which stabilizes a fishery under open access and which decreases catches under economically efficient management. We quantify these effects for the Western Baltic cod fishery. |
| Keywords: | bioeconomic model, discrete choice experiment, fisheries, renewable resource management, sustainability label |
| JEL: | Q11 Q22 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318204 |
| By: | Argueyrolles, Robin; Heimann, Tobias; Delzeit, Ruth |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuel subsidy reform(s) support the deployment of low‐carbon technologies, yet fossil fuel subsidies remain stubbornly high, while money allocated by governments to renewable energy continues to grow. In the transport sector, this tension is observed between biofuels that still rely on national policies and gasoline/diesel subsidies. Using a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, we study how phasing out gasoline and diesel subsidies would impact global biofuel mandates. We find that where they are implemented, Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reforms increase biofuel competitiveness and lower the cost of achieving the mandates. The fiscal benefit is therefore twofold with savings on fossil and bio‐based energy subsidies. In a multilateral reform scenario, we simulate the rise in fiscal revenue from phasing out the fossil fuel subsidies to be 25% higher when the avoided spending on biofuels' support is accounted for. In the rest of the world, however, the biofuel targets become costlier to achieve as the price of fossil fuels drops. Considering that global biofuel 2030 targets are achieved, governments' support for biofuel falls by $6 billion in regions phasing gasoline and diesel subsidies but increases by $600 million in the rest of the world. |
| Keywords: | bio-economy, biofuel, computable general equilibrium (CGE), energy transition, fossil fuel subsidy reform, leakages |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318259 |
| By: | Halkos, George |
| Abstract: | The objective of the present review is to synthesize recent state-of-the-art advances in the field of energy economics. The present review aims to elucidate the interconnections among various applicable and practical methodologies that may facilitate a sustainable energy transition and therefore the novelty lies in the cross-cutting, methodological integration and forward-looking perspective that informs both academic research and practical policy development in the context of sustainable energy transitions. The contribution of this review is fourfold. First, it systematically compiles the core empirical advancements within different sectors of the energy domain, providing a structured assessment of contemporary research efforts. Second, it critically examines the challenges associated with data availability and reviews methodological innovations designed to address these limitations. Third, it consolidates developments in spatiotemporal econometric techniques, highlighting their significance in capturing dynamic spatial and temporal dimensions of energy systems. Fourth, it presents emerging machine learning-based approaches for forecasting, underscoring their potential to enhance predictive capabilities and inform policy and investment decisions. By integrating insights across these domains, the review offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the methodological evolution in energy economics and identifies pathways for future research that support the global pursuit of a sustainable energy future. |
| Keywords: | energy economics; energy policy; energy transition; energy modelling and forecasting. |
| JEL: | Q0 Q01 Q40 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124992 |
| By: | Ren\'e A\"id; Xiangying Pang; Xiaolu Tan |
| Abstract: | We develop a continuous-time model of incentives for carbon emissive firms to exit the market based on a compensation payment identical to all firms. In our model, firms enjoy profits from production modeled as a simple geometric Brownian motion and do not bear any environmental damage from production. A regulator maximises the expected discounted value of firms profits from production minus environmental damages caused by production and proposes a compensation payment whose dynamics is known to the firms. We provide in both situations closed-form expressions for the compensation payment process and the exit thresholds of each firms. We apply our model to the crude oil market. We show that market concentration both reduces the total expected discounted payment to firms and the expected closing time of polluting assets. We extend this framework to the case of two countries each regulating its own market. The presence of a second mover advantage leads to the possibility of multiple equilibria. Applying this result to large producing countries, we find that they are unlikely to agree on the timing to exit market. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.04301 |
| By: | Amal Ben Khaled (University of Carthage, Tunisia Polytechnic School, LEGI, Tunisia; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Rami Haj Kacem (University of Carthage, Tunisia Polytechnic School, LEGI, Tunisia); Nathalie Lazaric (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; University of Gothenburg, Sweden) |
| Abstract: | Digital platforms, ecosystems, and R&D-intensive sectors pose distinctive challenges for merger control. In these fast-evolving markets, shaped by technological change and shifting competitive dynamics, traditional ex-ante reviews often fall short in anticipating long-term outcomes. This paper proposes a multi-step merger control model that includes a mechanism for remedy revision, allowing authorities to adjust behavioral commitments during their implementation. By embedding structured flexibility into merger decisions, our approach enables remedies to evolve in response to market reconfigurations, strategic conduct, or regulatory insights. The framework aims to ensure that remedies remain proportionate, effective, and legally predictable. By bridging ex-ante assessment and ex-post adaptation, it offers a policy instrument better suited to the uncertainties of dynamic competition. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition index, governance, environmental taxes, Vector Error Correction Model, K-means |
| JEL: | Q58 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2025-23 |
| By: | Boarnet, Marlon G; Comandon, Andre |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4xz587jc |
| By: | Derek Lemoine |
| Abstract: | I show that the nature of the energy resources available to an economy qualitatively determines long-run growth outcomes. A harvested resource such as biomass drags on growth, a mined resource such as coal enables output per capita to hold constant, and both a tapped resource such as oil and a manufactured resource such as solar panels risk degrowth if energy return on energy invested (EROI) cannot stay above a threshold. The only energy resource that can fuel long-run growth is a manufactured resource such as solar panels. Either that resource must rely on substitutable energy inputs that have a sufficiently large EROI, or it must be produced by robots that are themselves produced from robots and energy. Even in these cases, coal and oil economies may have been necessary stages on the way from a biomass economy to a solar economy. |
| JEL: | O13 O41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33864 |
| By: | Jonas David; Ulf Erlandsson |
| Abstract: | The investments needed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in emerging markets and developing economies, require the mobilization of more available capital. Public development banks (PDBs) can play a key role in scaling up sustainable finance and driving transformative investments but need access to affordable, long-term funding. In this context, we assess the suitability of performance-linked debt structures, specifically sustainability-linked bonds, as a source of funding. Combining such bonds with credit enhancements, like guarantees, has the potential to reduce the cost of capital and crowd in investors – both would help to achieve sustainability goals. As an innovative solution, we propose Contingent Resilience-Linked (CORL) bonds with a partial credit enhancement that is activated if performance targets are reached. This novel concept makes it possible to address fundamental issues relating to sustainable bond markets, in particular reconciling lender/borrower incentives. Finally, CORL bonds could help mobilizing additional private capital through development banks. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–05–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr18113 |
| By: | Taisuke Takayama; Kota Mameno; Takeshi Fujie; Tetsuji Senda; Shota Mochizuki; Akira Hibiki; Masahiro Takano |
| Abstract: | Human–wildlife conflicts, specifically the damage caused to crops and livestock, pose a significant challenge that affects agriculture. Climate change has exacerbated this issue by altering the distribution and behavior of wildlife. This study examines how farmers respond to the increasing encroachment of Japanese wild boars on farmlands, using panel data at the farm level. The study exploits the expansion of wild boar habitats owing to reduced snow depth. The results show that the presence of wild boars leads to farm exits. In addition, we observe a negative effect on farm size. These effects are driven by an increase in abandoned farmland and a decrease in rented-in farmland. The findings suggest that human‒wildlife conflicts hinder structural changes in agriculture. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tupdaa:72 |
| By: | Bertoni, Marcela; López, María José |
| Abstract: | Introducción: la calidad ambiental se ha convertido en un valor deseable y positivo; sin embargo, las principales causas del deterioro ambiental corresponden a patrones insostenibles de comportamiento. Por eso, las acciones de los individuos son un factor imprescindible para transitar hacia un desarrollo sostenible. Objetivo: el objetivo es determinar las actitudes y los comportamientos proambientales de los residentes y turistas de Miramar para comprender las valoraciones ambientales en términos sociales. Metodología: el trabajo es descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo, basado en una muestra representativa de residentes y turistas a quienes se les aplicó una escala Likert para medir niveles de actitudes y frecuencia de comportamientos proambientales. Conclusiones: existe una actitud ambiental favorable en ambos grupos. Sin embargo, la relación local-global difiere: para los residentes, la preocupación mayor es la conservación de los recursos naturales locales, y para los turistas, los temas de agenda global. Las actitudes no inciden directamente en los comportamientos ambientales, los cuales resultan empáticos con la naturaleza, pero disminuyen en la medida que requieren autoeficacia, habilidades y/o tienen costo económico. El estudio permitió identificar los componentes valorativos que sustentan los patrones de interacción sociedad-naturaleza y orientan los usos de los recursos. |
| Keywords: | Comportamiento; Residentes; Turístas; Actitudes Sociales; Medio Ambiente; |
| Date: | 2025–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4300 |
| By: | Grafström, Jonas (The Ratio Institute); Karlson, Nils (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | Insider activism—where bureaucrats use discretionary power to advance own ideological goals—has significant implications for regulatory stability and property rights security. Using the Swedish forestry industry as a case study, the purpose of this study is to investigate if insider activism affects the Swedish forestry sector and how such possible regulatory uncertainty influences economic decision-making. Assembled survey data suggest that forest owners perceive regulatory enforcement as unpredictable, leading to defensive actions such as premature harvesting to preempt restrictive future regulations. To explain these patterns, we apply public choice theory and a game-theoretic approach, demonstrating how bureaucratic drift, regulatory ratcheting, and time-inconsistency problems contribute to persistent distortions in forestry policies. Policy wise, the findings emphasize the need for judicial review, regulatory impact assessments, and clearer legislative mandates to reduce enforcement uncertainty and improve institutional trust. This research advances discussions on bureaucratic incentives, regulatory capture, and legal certainty in environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | Insider Activism; Bureaucratic Influence; Bureaucratic Drift; Legal Uncertainty; Property Rights; Sustainable Development; Swedish Forest Industry; |
| JEL: | D73 D78 H77 H83 Q23 |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0383 |
| By: | Yaroshevskyi, Artem |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how the transition to a green economy affects internal migration patterns across European Union regions. As carbon-intensive sectors decline due to decarbonization policies, certain regions experience structural economic changes that prompt labor reallocation and demographic shifts. Using a novel panel dataset at the NUTS-3 level (2011–2021), this paper estimates a series of random-effects models to assess how carbon-intensive regions differ in migration trends compared to unaffected areas. The analysis incorporates a range of socio-demographic and economic variables to test five hypotheses on the drivers of outmigration, including youth share, elderly population, regional wealth, and median male age. Results indicate that regions classified as “affected” by the green transition exhibit significantly higher outmigration rates. Moreover, interaction effects show that aging male populations amplify these migration trends, while other moderators—such as GDP per capita and youth share—have no significant impact. These findings contribute to the literature on just transitions by highlighting how demographic composition mediates the adverse effects of green restructuring. The paper emphasizes the need for targeted regional policies, particularly in aging and economically vulnerable areas, to ensure equitable outcomes of green economic transitions. |
| Keywords: | Green transition, internal migration, carbon-intensive regions, demographic structure, panel data, just transition, NUTS-3 regions, labor mobility. |
| JEL: | Q20 Q40 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124870 |
| By: | Delgado, Luciana; Niyonsingiza, Josue; Bachewe, Fantu Nisrane |
| Abstract: | At the global level, awareness about the significance of food loss and waste has grown significantly over the past decade. The international community has taken the matter to hand as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and has committed to “halve the per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer level and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses” by 2030. |
| Keywords: | beans; capacity development; surveys; value chains; Rwanda; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–09–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:poshdn:152031 |
| By: | Srijuntrapun, Patranit; Ket-um, Pattama; Attavanich, Witsanu |
| Abstract: | The escalating food waste crisis, with millions of tons of food being discarded annually, highlights the pressing necessity to improve household food waste management practices. This complex and multifaceted challenge is a crucial element of a comprehensive national strategy for reducing food waste. This article seeks to examine the diverse demographic and social factors that shape household food waste management practices in Thailand. A substantial national dataset (n = 2, 500) was meticulously gathered through questionnaires, using multi-stage sampling and multiple regression analysis to reveal critical insights. This study reveals that educational attainment (β = 0.299), household size (β = 0.201), and monthly income (β = 0.058) are positively associated with effective household food waste management practices. Notably, the type of housing, such as single houses over 200 square meters (β = .058**) and condominiums/apartments (β = .063**), significantly influence food waste management behaviors. However, townhouses (β = -.074***) are negatively associated with improved food waste management practices. The research also identifies key barriers to effective food waste prevention, including the lack of organizational guidance (29.4%), the perception that waste reduction does not save costs (26.1%), and uncertainty about where to donate surplus food (25.2%). Additional challenges of managing food scraps include the uncertainty about options for donation or sale of food scraps (43.3%) and the limited knowledge of composting or bio-fermentation methods (30.2%). In conclusion, this study provides essential insights for policymakers, ractitioners, and researchers by identifying key demographic, knowledge-based, and behavioral factors that shape household food waste management. The study’s findings underscore the need for targeted educational initiatives and infrastructure enhancements. Policymakers can leverage these insights to develop policies that support public-private partnerships and improve waste management infrastructure. Practitioners can apply this knowledge to implement more effective waste segregation strategies, while researchers are encouraged to explore socio-economic factors influencing food waste at a national scale, thereby addressing critical research gaps. This comprehensive approach is vital for reducing household food waste and promoting sustainable waste management practices across diverse communities. |
| Keywords: | household food waste, socio-demographic drivers, food waste practices, waste hierarchy approach |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 R2 |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124924 |
| By: | Joseph, Josiah; Hayoge, Glen; Sikas-Iha, Helmtrude; Dorosh, Paul A.; Schmidt, Emily; Kedir Jemal, Mekamu |
| Abstract: | Sweet potato plays an important role in the food system of Papua New Guinea (PNG), accounting for over 12 percent of total calories consumed in the country (IFPRI, 2023). Three-quarters of sweet potato production takes place in the highlands where it is harvested throughout the year (Chang et al., 2013). However, the production and consumption of sweet potatoes in PNG faces several challenges, including climate change, pests and diseases, and market access constraints. In particular, a significant decline in sweet potato production due to an El Niño-related drought in early 2024 is a realistic possibility. This memo describes analysis using a partial equilibrium model to estimate the potential effects of a shortfall in sweet potato production on market prices and consumption, including consumption levels for various types of households in the highlands and other parts of PNG. We also discuss policy options for mitigating negative effects on household welfare. |
| Keywords: | sweet potatoes; food systems; calories; agricultural production; market prices; consumption; household food security; El Niño; drought; Papua New Guinea; Melanesia; Asia |
| Date: | 2024–03–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pacerp:140447 |
| By: | Anne Michels; Daria Ciriaci; José Manuel Rueda-Cantuche; Luis Pedauga; Valeria Ferreira; Christina Kattami; Daniel Schulz; Marta Pilati |
| Abstract: | The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) is the cornerstone of NextGenerationEU, the EU’s post-covid Recovery Plan. With a budget of EUR 650 billion, amounting to around 4% of the EU GDP, the RRF finances over 2, 800 reform and investment measures aross the EU from 2020 to 2026. To date, most studies on the RRF have focused on the broad macro-economic picture or on specific policy domains and country experiences. This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the understanding of the RRF. First, by leveraging artificial intelligence, a new sectoral database was created, which classifies all RRF reform and investment measures according to economic sectors and enables more detailed and systematic analysis of macro-economic, sectoral and policy impacts. The paper presents an overview of this classification, across the EU and for each Member State. The sectors benefitting most from the RRF include those related to the green transition, such as energy efficiency, renewable energy production and sustainable transport; those supporting the manufacturing sector and broader business environment, including digitisation, public administration and justice reforms; and those related to societal resilience, such as healthcare, skills and education. We also observe significant synergies between reform and investment measures in those areas. Second, by applying the well-established FIDELIO model to this new sectoral dataset, it is now possible to assess the direct and spillover impacts of RRF-funded investments and to break down these results across 64 economic sectors, for the EU and for each Member State. Looking at Germany by way of illustration, the analysis shows that, assuming full implementation of the 27 plans, the German economy stands to benefit from a medium-term stimulus of about EUR 66 billion (1.6% of Germany’s GDP), more than twice the size of Germany’s Recovery and Resilience Plan. This reflects both the direct impact of the RRF and significant positive spillovers, driven by the strong integration within the EU Single Market. This paper identifies the sectors that benefit most from these effects and highlights how these novel data and techniques can support further research and evaluations. |
| JEL: | C82 E61 E62 F15 F17 F41 F42 F62 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:dispap:221 |
| By: | Benoît Faivre-Dupaigre; Emmanuel Fourmann |
| Abstract: | Project economic analysis (PEA) aims to evaluate ex-ante the various impacts of a project on all stakeholders, beyond its mere financial profitability. Long used by donors, it has come in for a lot of criticism (complexity, cost, technocracy). And, as aid practices have evolved, it has gradually given way to other approaches. Yet, in the current context, EAF remains a valuable tool for informing decisions, structuring debates, comparing options and integrating social, economic and environmental issues. This article outlines a number of avenues and recommendations for revitalizing PEA, with the aim of making public investment more profitable, inclusive and sustainable. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–04–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en18027 |
| By: | Marín, Anabel |
| Abstract: | En décadas recientes se ha intensificado la demanda de recursos naturales desde América Latina y el Caribe para atender nuevos requerimientos, como los de la transición energética que necesita minerales abundantes en la región y fuentes de energías limpias como el aire y el agua, de nuevo abundantes en la región. Existe además un interés creciente en fomentar procesos de agregación de valor e incrementar los beneficios asociados a la explotación y exportación de los recursos. No obstante, esta tendencia ha generado también una creciente resistencia social a los grandes proyectos orientados a la explotación de recursos naturales. La conflictividad socio ambiental ha venido creciendo y haciéndose cada vez más visible. En este artículo se presentan propuestas para utilizarla para promover procesos de transición territorial en direcciones más sustentables. Los conflictos sin embargo no se traducen en cambios de manera automática. Es necesario “gestionarla” con modelos de gobernanza innovadores que involucren democratización de las decisiones y que tengan como objetivo explícito la innovación. Al respecto se han propuesto diferentes modelos de participación ciudadana e involucramiento de las poblaciones locales para gestionar los conflictos. En este artículo se discuten tres modelos estilizados de involucramiento, y se analizan de acuerdo a su potencial transformador. |
| Date: | 2025–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col046:81390 |
| By: | Kuhn, Annegret; Merk, Christine; Wunsch, Andrea |
| Abstract: | We compare public perceptions of restoring different ecosystems to increase CO 2 uptake in Germany, through focus groups and a general population survey. Among focus group participants forests were highly popular, peatlands evoked negative associations, and seagrass was largely unknown. Nevertheless, the restoration of all ecosystems was viewed positively. We contrast these reactions to those of survey respondents who had not received additional information on restoration. They voiced narrower, less diverse opinions centering around afforestation. Further, focus group participants preferred expert-led restoration decisions, citing low trust in politicians’ technical competence. Contrary to common policy recommendations, also beyond the German context, participants did not emphasize the need of citizen participation and were not strongly concerned about land use conflicts or compensation of affected user groups. The results imply that the public underestimates the political complexity of negotiation processes in ecosystem governance, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the international policy landscape. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318200 |
| By: | Yves Jégourel |
| Abstract: | Le lithium a vu ses prix s’effondrer au cours des deux dernières années, alors que sa demande devrait fortement croître pour alimenter l’essor programmé des véhicules électriques et des ‘’ clean techs ‘’. Paradoxe ou situation caractéristique des marchés mondiaux de matières où l’instabilité fait loi et où la géostratégie joue pleinement son rôle ? Une analyse des mécanismes à l’œuvre sur le marché de cette ressource stratégique est nécessaire, afin de comprendre la physionomie que pourra prendre ce marché au cours des prochaines années. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb015_25 |
| By: | Stephen J. Lee; Cailinn Drouin |
| Abstract: | We present a novel framework for high-resolution forecasting of residential heating and electricity demand using probabilistic deep learning models. We focus specifically on providing hourly building-level electricity and heating demand forecasts for the residential sector. Leveraging multimodal building-level information -- including data on building footprint areas, heights, nearby building density, nearby building size, land use patterns, and high-resolution weather data -- and probabilistic modeling, our methods provide granular insights into demand heterogeneity. Validation at the building level underscores a step change improvement in performance relative to NREL's ResStock model, which has emerged as a research community standard for residential heating and electricity demand characterization. In building-level heating and electricity estimation backtests, our probabilistic models respectively achieve RMSE scores 18.3\% and 35.1\% lower than those based on ResStock. By offering an open-source, scalable, high-resolution platform for demand estimation and forecasting, this research advances the tools available for policymakers and grid planners, contributing to the broader effort to decarbonize the U.S. building stock and meeting climate objectives. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.22873 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Conrad Landis |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) supports longevity across the European Union by analyzing the relationship between key longevity indicators and the SDG framework. Longevity is understood not merely as increased life expectancy but as the capacity to live longer lives in good health, with economic security, autonomy, and social inclusion. Drawing on Eurostat's "Ageing Europe" indicators, we identify 14 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) spanning six dimensions: population developments, housing and living conditions, health and disability, working and retirement, pensions and income, and social inclusion. Using the most recent data for EU 27 countries, we apply cross sectional regressions to examine how these KPIs correlate with national SDG scores. The analysis reveals strong and statistically significant associations between several longevity KPIs--particularly life expectancy at birth and age 65, healthy life years at age 65, and self-perceived health status--and SDGs related to health (SDG 3), gender equality (SDG 5), reduced inequalities (SDG 10), education (SDG 4), and partnerships (SDG 17). Digital inclusion and participation in lifelong learning also emerge as key enablers of sustainable longevity, showing broad linkages to innovation, social cohesion, and economic resilience. The findings suggest that longevity is a deeply multidimensional phenomenon, shaped by structural policies far beyond healthcare. The SDGs provide a coherent and measurable framework for aligning policies and investments toward inclusive, healthy, and resilient ageing. This paper contributes to a growing body of evidence demonstrating that sustainable development and longevity are mutually reinforcing agendas. |
| Date: | 2025–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2536 |
| By: | Frédéric Vinas |
| Abstract: | I study the impact of oil price shocks to non-financial firms over two decades using a highly granular firm-level dataset. I show the impact of these price shocks to key financial and operational metrics, including value added, employment, real wages, labor share, profit margins, dividend payments, productivity, and credit risk. I highlight the asymmetric effects of oil price increases and decreases. A one standard deviation increase in the weighted oil price shocks leads to a €396 decrease in per capita productivity (in 2024 euros), and a 0.30 percentage point increase in the probability of default, while there is no significant effect in the case of oil price decreases, leading to persistent effects of oil price increases in the medium term. I also show heterogeneous effects of oil price increases across firm size and energy intensity. This paper has implications for policymakers, especially those concerned with financial stability (bank stress-testing, climate stress-testing, macro-financial modeling), and competitiveness, and more generally for those studying climate transition risks. |
| Keywords: | Oil Shock, Oil Price, Raw Materials, Value Added, Wage Bill, Labor Share, Profit Margin, Default, Productivity, Climate Risk, Transition Risk, Physical Risk, Credit Risk |
| JEL: | D33 E32 G3 G33 G35 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:banfra:989 |
| By: | Iraoya, Augustine Okhale; Balana, Bedru; Thomas, Timothy S.; Ferguson, Nathaniel; Bryan, Elizabeth |
| Abstract: | This country brief supports GCAN's goal of integrating gender, climate resilience, and nutrition considerations into policy by providing policymakers, program officers, and researchers with an analysis of Nige ria’s current situation and policy objectives in these areas. A recent study from Andam et al. (2023) underscores the vital role of Nigeria’s agrifood system in the country's economy. In 2019, Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) stood at $469.3 billion, supported by a workforce of 66.8 million people (Andam et al. 2023). The agrifood sector made a substantial contribution, generating $175.3 billion in GDP and providing employment for 41.9 million individuals. This sector encompasses both primary agriculture and off-farm activities, including processing, trade, transport, food services, and input supply. Primary agriculture alone contributed $103.3 billion to GDP and employed 32.2 million people. Off-farm agrifood activities contributed approximately 40 percent of the agrifood GDP and 20 percent of agrifood employment (Andam et al. 2023). |
| Keywords: | gender; climate change; nutrition; resilience; agrifood systems; Nigeria; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:174789 |
| By: | Grafström, Jonas (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | This report investigates the rationale, implementation challenges, and evolving global context of vertical industrial policy, with a particular focus on Sweden. Against the backdrop of recent global crises—including the 2008 financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and geopolitical disruptions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine—the analysis explores how governments have re-evaluated the role of state intervention to bolster economic resilience and strategic autonomy. The report distinguishes between horizontal and vertical approaches, where vertical policy targets specific sectors or technologies considered critical for national development, such as green technology, semiconductors, and renewable energy. Drawing on economic theory and empirical evidence, the report outlines the key justifications for vertical industrial policy, including market failures, coordination problems, and the under-provision of public goods. It also addresses the limitations and risks associated with such policies, including information asymmetries, rent-seeking, and political capture. A central contribution is a decision-making framework designed to help policymakers assess when vertical industrial intervention may be justified and how it can be designed to minimize inefficiencies and unintended consequences. While the report takes a cautiously critical stance toward vertical industrial policy, it acknowledges its potential when implemented with clear objectives, regular evaluations, and institutional safeguards. The analysis highlights the need for a balanced and flexible approach, especially in the context of green transitions and geopolitical fragmentation. |
| Keywords: | Industrial policy; vertical policy; market failure; public goods; state intervention; strategic autonomy; coordination failure; green transition; subsidies; economic resilience |
| JEL: | F13 H25 L52 O25 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0384 |
| By: | Cantellow, Tom; Atkins, Ed (University of Bristol); Fox, Sean; Robinson, Caitlin |
| Abstract: | National net-zero policies have varied regional impacts on patterns of investment and employment. Here, we introduce a Net-Zero Resilience Index for UK regions drawing on theories and methods from complexity economics comprising measures of economic Complexity, Relatedness, and Reliance and population for all Local Authority Districts (LADs) in England, Scotland and Wales. Our results highlight 30 LADs at greatest risk of negative economic consequences from climate policies (broadly labelled as net-zero in UK policy). These are disproportionately in regions that suffered most from previous rounds of deindustrialisation. The anticipated geography of net-zero policy impacts highlights the need for proactive policies that span local authority boundaries, with devolved Mayoral Combined Authorities presented as an opportunity to do so. |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:vt8fh_v1 |
| By: | Kirui, Oliver K.; Ahmed, Mosab O. M.; Raouf, Mariam; Abushama, Hala; Siddig, Khalid |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the determinants of access to safe water and reliable energy for households in Sudan using nationally representative data from a recent labor market survey. The results show that urbanization, education, and wealth significantly enhance the access households have to these essential services, while rural areas and less developed regions, particularly in the Darfur and Kordofan regions, face substantial challenges. Access to reliable energy correlates with better food security and health outcomes within households, and improved access to safe water significantly enhances the health of household members. Policy recommendations supported by these research results include targeted rural infrastructure investments, educational improvements, and regional interventions to address disparities in household access to safe water and reliable energy across Sudan. |
| Keywords: | capacity development; households; water; energy; food security; health; socioeconomic environment; rural urban relations; Sudan; Africa; Northern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resain:168162 |
| By: | Aomar Ibourk; Tayeb Ghazi |
| Abstract: | Le marché du travail marocain traverse des défis structurels majeurs, avec un taux de participation relativement faible (43, 5 %) et encore plus marqué chez les femmes, dont la participation reste inférieure à 20 %. Le chômage, quant à lui, est élevé, particulièrement parmi les jeunes diplômés, atteignant 30 %, et une grande partie de l'emploi urbain se trouve dans le secteur informel, représentant entre 20 et 40 % des emplois. Ce marché est également marqué par des disparités régionales importantes, avec un produit intérieur brut (PIB) concentré principalement dans certaines zones, et les défis liés à la digitalisation et au changement climatique impactent particulièrement l’agriculture et l’emploi. Dans ce contexte, la Feuille de route pour l’emploi, visant à réduire le chômage à 9 % d'ici 2030, constitue un projet ambitieux. Elle prévoit la création de 1, 45 million de nouveaux emplois grâce à un budget de 15 milliards MAD et la modernisation de la gouvernance du marché du travail. Bien que cette feuille de route représente une vision ambitieuse pour un marché du travail plus inclusif et résilient, son succès dépendra d’une mise en œuvre rigoureuse et d’une adaptation continue aux réalités économiques. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp08_25 |
| By: | Menon, Purnima; Resnick, Danielle; Zorbas, Christina; Martin, Will; Vos, Rob; Jones, Eleanor; Suri, Shoba; Iruhiriye, Elyse; Headey, Derek D.; Arndt, Channing; Fritschel, Heidi |
| Abstract: | Since the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015, heads of state and ministers at global convenings have repeatedly expressed commitments in support of achieving SDG2 — Zero Hunger — by 2030. Yet progress toward SDG2 has stalled, owing to economic slowdowns, unforeseen crises, geopolitical conflict, and lackluster investment in agricultural productivity and open trade. Where have commitments to SDG2 fallen short? While SDG2 calls for ending global hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition by 2030, this brief predominantly focuses on progress and commitments related to hunger and food insecurity. Drawing on the results of two recent studies, the policy brief (1) discusses trends and setbacks toward reducing hunger and food insecurity, (2) analyzes progress on the “means of implementation, ” or mix of finances, technology, and policy choices, to address SDG2, (3) assesses 107 commitment statements in support of SDG2 made at 68 global meetings since 2015, and (4) explores how to improve accountability in the commitment-making process to accelerate progress toward Zero Hunger. |
| Keywords: | food security; food policies; hunger; governance; nutrition |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pacewp:149046 |
| By: | Aldarbi, Saad |
| Abstract: | Organic Mathematics (OM) introduces a novel semantic framework designed to model the complexity of living and emergent systems. Traditional mathematical tools excel at describing linear, closed, and deterministic processes, but they struggle to capture the cyclical, recursive, and adaptive nature of organic phenomena. OM redefines variables as interdependent cycles, employs operators for influx and emergence, and uses context-driven notation to formalize the flux of biological, ecological, and social systems. Applications of OM are demonstrated through abiogenesis modeling, competitive exclusion dynamics, and the construction of sociological feedback loops. By bridging the gap between classical formalisms and the fluidity of life, Organic Mathematics offers a unifying language for systems that evolve through emergence rather than equilibrium. |
| Date: | 2025–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:256fw_v1 |
| By: | Matti Cristian (European Commission - JRC); Zacharewicz Thomas; Barsotti Valentina; Haegeman Karel Herman (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The Opportunity Spaces publication offers a comprehensive approach to help regions identify and activate opportunities at the intersection of innovation policy and climate adaptation. Through three complementary components, it supports practitioners in developing more transformative approaches to territorial development.Firstly, the publication introduces a novel conceptual framework that helps practitioners understand opportunity spaces through three key dimensions: timing (windows of opportunity), place-based conditions (territorial assets and constraints), and actor capacities (stakeholder capabilities). This framework emphasizes the dynamic nature of opportunity spaces and the importance of conversations - from initial awareness-raising through to systemic transformation. It particularly highlights how different policy areas can be activated and combined to create more transformative approaches.Secondly, a curated collection of real-world examples demonstrates how different regions navigate their opportunity spaces. Each example is structured to highlight the WHAT (actors and resources), HOW (engagement and experimentation), WHY (goals and enabling conditions), and SO WHAT (learnings and achievements). These cases span different maturity levels and focus areas, from horizontal governance to skills development, providing practical insights adaptable to different contexts.Thirdly, the Opportunity Space mapping tool offers a structured yet flexible approach to applying these insights in practice. Through two co-creation sessions, it guides practitioners from initial sense-making through to intervention design. The tool helps regions identify gaps, test assumptions, and develop more transformative portfolios of actions. Its practical exercises and visual templates make complex concepts accessible while encouraging systematic thinking about transformation opportunities. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141403 |
| By: | Ferid Belhaj |
| Abstract: | The traditional model of Official Development Assistance (ODA) has not only entrenched financial dependence but also served as a tool for geopolitical influence, often prioritizing donor interests over genuine economic self-sufficiency in developing nations. The 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) envisioned a shift towards private investment, but this strategy has largely failed. Capital flight, rising debt burdens, and systemic financial asymmetries have ensured that investment flows remain skewed towards middle-income markets, leaving the most vulnerable economies exposed. Initiatives like Billions to Trillions have been more rhetorical than transformative, as private capital remains risk-averse in politically unstable regions. Meanwhile, donor priorities are shifting under growing geopolitical pressures. In Europe and beyond, aid budgets are increasingly diverted toward defense and security, reflecting the hard power calculations of a more fractured international order. The illusion of a cooperative global financial architecture is giving way to a multipolar reality where economic sovereignty, not concessional aid, will determine long-term development trajectories. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp07_25 |
| By: | Zachary H. Thomas; Ellen D. Williams; Kavita Surana; Morgan R. Edwards |
| Abstract: | Accelerating climate-tech innovation in the formative stage of the technology life cycle is crucial to meeting climate policy goals. During this period, competing technologies are often undergoing major technical improvements within a nascent value chain. We analyze this formative stage for 14 climate-tech sectors using a dataset of 4, 172 North American firms receiving 12, 929 early-stage private investments between 2006 and 2021. Investments in these firms reveal that commercialization occurs in five distinct product clusters across the value chain. Only 15% of firms develop end products (i.e., downstream products bought by consumers), while 59% support these end products through components, manufacturing processes, or optimization products, and 26% develop business services. Detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of investments reveals the driving forces behind the technologies that commercialize, such as innovation spillovers, coalescence around a dominant design, and flexible regulatory frameworks. We identify three patterns of innovation: emerging innovation (e.g., agriculture), characterized by recent growth in private investments across most product clusters and spillover from other sectors; ongoing innovation (e.g., energy storage), characterized by multiple waves of investments in evolving products; and maturing innovation (e.g., energy efficiency), characterized by a dominant end product with a significant share of investments in optimization and services. Understanding the development of nascent value chains can inform policy design to best support scaling of climate-tech by identifying underfunded elements in the value chain and supporting development of a full value chain rather than only end products. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2506.00010 |
| By: | Yves Jégourel |
| Abstract: | Lithium prices have plummeted over the past two years, while demand is set to rise sharply to fuel the planned boom in electric vehicles and "clean tech". Is this a paradox, or is it typical of global commodity markets where instability is the rule and geostrategy plays a key role? An analysis of the mechanisms at work in the market for this strategic resource is needed to understand the shape this market may take over the next few years. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb015_25_2 |
| By: | Gadais, Tegwen; Asif, Umair; Pitre, Louis-Charles; Hozhabri, Kazem; Decarpentrie, Laurie; Garneau, Andrée Anne; Stewart-Withers, Rochelle; Hapeta, Jeremy; Cifuentes, Jairzinho Francisco Panqueba; McDonald, Brent |
| Abstract: | Background: This review explores Sport for Development and Peace (SFD/SDP) initiatives involving Indigenous people (IP), with the aim of providing a comprehensive analysis of the research landscape from an international perspective. IP, marginalized due to the on-going implications of colonization and ensuing structural inequalities, are increasingly engaging or being engaged in SFD/SDP programs to foster health, education, cultural preservation, and social cohesion. Methods: A systematic-scoping review using PRISMA-ScR guidelines was used to identify academic works encompassing SFD/SDP and IP published since 2000. After applying strict inclusion criteria in more than seven languages, including Indigenous languages, covering multiple geographic regions, such as Oceania, Europe, and the Americas, 37 references were identified through database searches in Scopus, SportDiscus, ERIC, SocINDEX, and Sociological Abstracts (ProQuest) and Google Scholar. Experts from the field were consulted, gray literature was explored, mapping field and authors with R and the quality of studies was assessed. Results: Findings highlight a wide range of program structures and outcomes. Prominent themes include alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (notably 3, 4, 10, and 16), decolonization and cultural resurgence, health and well-being, and sport as a tool of resistance against systemic inequality. Challenges such as limited funding, logistical constraints, and political tensions remain significant. A critical insight is the necessity for culturally sensitive, community-led approaches that integrate Indigenous worldviews and knowledge systems. Programs centred on Indigenous practices show more sustainable and meaningful impact. Despite a growing body of research, most studies originate from English-speaking contexts—primarily Canada and Australia—indicating a need for greater linguistic and cultural inclusivity. Conclusion: This review offers actionable insights for practitioners, policymakers, and scholars. It calls for participatory, sustainable approaches rooted in Indigenous contexts and urges future studies to adopt Indigenous-centred or mixed-methods designs, especially longitudinal work to assess long-term outcomes. Overall, this review underscores the importance of Indigenous centred, or culturally adaptive, community-led SFD/SDP initiatives for fostering meaningful development and reconciliation in IP and communities globally. This paper also recommends that academics undertaking scoping reviews where IP are the topic of interest, move critically and cautiously with any frameworks they apply. |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:s9pvx_v1 |
| By: | Stanley, Dustyn |
| Abstract: | This study establishes a universal framework for coherence collapse phenomena across quantum and atmospheric systems through the discovery of an entropic suppression law. We present the function Suppression(E) = (1 + (E/E0)^2)^(-1) as a fundamental bridge between quantum decoherence processes and supercell storm dynamics, with E0 ≈ 800 J/m^3 emerging as the critical energy threshold for tornadogenesis. Through coordinated UAV campaigns employing DataHawk3 and Coyote-X platforms, we validate layered energy stratification in 47 supercells, demonstrating 93% correlation between suppression values S(E) < 0.4 and EF2+ damage tracks. The implementation of our suppression parameterization in the WRF model reduces tornadogenesis false alarms by 22% through modified TKE dissipation physics, while NEXRAD-derived suppression indices enable real-time tracking of coherence boundaries with 150 m RMSE accuracy. Our 4D variational assimilation system reveals fundamental links between quantum vacuum fluctuations and mesocyclone energetics, showing identical 1/E^2 scaling in LIGO thermal noise and supercell anvil collapse patterns. This work demonstrates that entropy production Ṡ ∝ ln(E0/E) governs both superfluid vortex stability and tornado maintenance timescales. Field validation through the 2024–2026 TORUS-LItE campaign employs quantum diamond magnetometers and LiDAR turbulence profiling to establish universal criteria for coherence collapse. The framework provides operational meteorology with new predictors for extreme weather while advancing quantum measurement techniques through atmospheric analog studies. |
| Date: | 2025–05–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rqcnf_v1 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | Africa has strong prospects for achieving food security within a generation— provided its leadership effectively mobilizes domestic and foreign funds, drives strategic investments, and strengthens institutions that incentivize smallholders and other stakeholders to invest in resilient, high-productivity agriculture amid accelerating climate change. This is undoubtedly a tall order. However, the time is now to seize the golden opportunity of regional market integration through the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) as a catalyst for sustainable and inclusive agricultural transformation. Such a transformation can create powerful linkages across the economy, thereby fostering job-generating growth, particularly for youth, women and other marginalized groups. African leadership stands at a crossroads: harness the continent’s vast potential—including its human capital—or continue with business as usual, risking a devastating human toll. While the challenges are substantial, successful experiences of market integration elsewhere suggest that transforming agriculture and agrifood remains a “low hanging fruit.” |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaagr:pp_10-25 |
| By: | Azcué Vigil, Ignacio; Benseny, Graciela; Craig, Elena; Lupín, Beatriz; Rodriguez, Julieta A. |
| Abstract: | Según la Organización Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2003), los servicios ecosistémicos culturales incluyen la recreación y el valor estético asociado a los ecosistemas. Existe una amplia literatura que recoge estos aspectos sobre los bosques urbanos a nivel internacional, aunque se considera necesario profundizarla en Argentina. Si bien es mayormente conocida por sus playas, la ciudad de Mar del Plata posee una cuantiosa forestación, estando declarados algunos barrios y sectores como reservas forestales por normativa municipal. En algunos casos, estos lugares son apreciados estéticamente, lo cual hace que sean elegidos para establecer una residencia permanente y, asimismo, un lugar de visita para el resto de la población. Este trabajo representa un avance parcial de una tesis doctoral en Ciencias Sociales y se propone como objetivo analizar el valor recreativo atribuido a los bosques urbanos por parte de vecinos de los barrios reservas forestales Alfar, Bosque Peralta Ramos y Los Acantilados de la ciudad de Mar del Plata (Argentina). El tema se aborda a partir de la teoría de los imaginarios sociales y aplica una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, basada en la recolección de datos primarios a través de 17 entrevistas semiestructuradas a actores clave, observación de campo y complementariamente, encuestas a residentes de los sitios estudiados a nivel estadístico descriptivo (n=136); complementándose con la consulta de fuentes secundarias. Los primeros resultados dejan entrever que, si bien son barrios con distintas características, sus residentes valoran positivamente el arbolado y lo reconocen como un elemento de goce estético y recreativo. Una particularidad reside en la preponderancia del uso de la vivienda particular como espacio recreativo, a pesar de contar con otros espacios públicos para este fin. Se concluye que la investigación realiza un aporte al estudio de la recreación en bosques urbanos, colaborando con su planificación. |
| Keywords: | Bosques Urbanos; Reservas Naturales; Ocio; Recreación; Mar del Plata; |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4335 |
| By: | Roman Kräussl; Joshua Rauh; Denitsa Stefanova |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of market ESG perceptions, as proxied by ESG ratings, on public firms’ security issuance and asset accumulation decisions. Higher ESG scores are followed by capital structure adjustments, specifically increases in equity issuance and decreases in net debt issuance of similar magnitude. These are driven completely by the “E” component of ESG. There are no effects of ESG assessments on capital expenditures or non-cash asset accumulation, supporting the hypothesis that ESG perceptions are a sideshow for capital investment. To address the endogeneity of firms' decisions to raise equity, we consider industry-wide rating changes and decompose the ESG ratings into an industry- and a firm-specific component. The response to the industry component of equity and debt issuance is highly significant, indicating that our findings are not explained by firms' decisions. As many ratings products use restated or backfilled ratings, our results focus on a point-in-time (PIT) ratings panel that we develop. We document that if using a standard ratings product instead of PIT data, researchers might falsely infer that higher ESG ratings lead to asset accumulation, due in particular to the use of restated ESG scores in standard ratings data products. |
| JEL: | G15 G31 G32 G34 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33770 |
| By: | Gaviola, Saúl Ricardo; Montano, Aldana R. |
| Abstract: | La implementación de los derechos de extracción para el sector pesquero es un tema de amplia discusión tanto para Argentina como para el mundo. En nuestro país, el Consejo Federal Pesquero (CFP) es el organismo que determina los aranceles de derecho único de extracción para cada especie. En este informe se propone estudiar por especie, el porcentaje que representan estos aranceles del valor Free On Board (FOB) mensual, para el año 2023. Se utilizó información provista por los partes de pesca y actas de descarga del SIFIPA (Sistema Federal de Información de Pesca y Acuicultura), informes de coyuntura de la Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura de la Nación y datos del Banco Central de la República Argentina. Para las tres principales especies comerciales del caladero argentino, el derecho único de extracción se ubicó entre 0, 09% y 1, 02% con una media de 0, 31%, respecto al valor FOB. |
| Keywords: | Extracción Pesquera; Alicuota; Argentina; |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4321 |
| By: | Gianluca Biggi; Elisa Giuliani; Arianna Martinelli; Julia Mazzei |
| Abstract: | Earlier research using the directed technical change framework argues that with the right mix of policies, governments can steer firms' R&D efforts away from harmful technologies toward supposedly cleaner alternatives. This article puts that assumption to the test by examining the impact of the 2004 Stockholm Convention, which banned 12 highly toxic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), on the development of alternative chemical compounds. Does regulation truly drive innovation toward safer substitutes, or does it create new risks under a different guise? Our results show that rather than steering innovation towards safer alternatives, the Stockholm Convention has incentivized the development of patents containing s.c. "regrettable" chemicals -i.e. chemicals that, while not banned under the Convention, exhibit POP-like characteristics, particularly high toxicity and persistence. Our study suggests that a closer inspection of the substitute technologies is crucial to understanding the effectiveness of incentives set to replace dirty technologies with cleaner ones. |
| Keywords: | directed technical change, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), Stockholm Convention, policy evaluation, patent toxicity |
| Date: | 2025–06–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2025/23 |
| By: | Alfadul, Hanan; Siddig, Khalid; Ahmed, Mosab O. M.; Abushama, Hala; Kirui, Oliver K. |
| Abstract: | Livestock in Sudan plays a crucial role in the national economy, particularly in alleviating poverty and enhancing food security. Despite its significance, the last comprehensive livestock census for the country was conducted in 1975, resulting in now outdated and often unreliable data. Recent estimates by USAID indicate that Sudan ranks among the top three African countries in terms of livestock numbers, with an estimated 105.6 million animals. The livestock population in Sudan is predominantly composed of camels, goats, sheep, and cattle. The spatial distribution of livestock is variable and influenced by local factors such as feed resources, land use, and ecological conditions. The Greater Kordofan and Greater Darfur regions have the largest livestock numbers. However, discrepancies between official statistics and field data show the need for updated and accurate livestock data. The livestock sector provides 40 percent of employment and 34 percent of Sudan’s agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). The livestock sector is a vital source of foreign exchange for the Sudanese economy through exports of livestock and livestock products. Besides its economic contributions, the livestock sector provides essential food products, including meat, eggs, and milk, and draught power for agricultural operations and transportation, particularly in rural areas. However, relative to irrigated agriculture, the sector faces challenges due to underinvestment and minimal government attention. |
| Keywords: | livestock; poverty; food security; exports; employment; animal products; Sudan; Northern Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:resain:151697 |
| By: | Diego Rodríguez Rodríguez |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este trabajo, que constituye el primer número del Observatorio para el seguimiento de los indicadores del PNIEC, es utilizar la información disponible más reciente para analizar cuál está siendo el grado de cumplimiento en los principales objetivos del PNIEC e inferir cuáles son las mayores dificultades que se están poniendo de manifiesto. El PNIEC plantea un amplio conjunto de objetivos y políticas/medidas que, siguiendo la norma europea, se agrupan en cinco dimensiones: descarbonización, eficiencia energética, seguridad energética, mercado interior de la energía e investigación, innovación y competitividad. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2025-11 |
| By: | Cockx Lara; Mamadou Adam; Elhadji Saminou; Tillie Pascal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Lâirrigation est souvent considérée comme un levier important dâaccroissement de la productivité agricole et la lutte contre la pauvreté et lâinsécurité alimentaire au Niger. Par conséquent, la réalisation et la réhabilitation des Aménagements Hydro-Agricoles (AHA) revêt une importance capitale pour lâaugmentation de la productivité et production agricole nigérienne. à partir de données provenant dâune enquête auprès 1 829 producteurs exploitant des parcelles au sein des 20 périmètres irrigués répartis dans 6 régions du Niger, cette étude vise à analyser le fonctionnement et la gouvernance des AHA. En complément des entretiens avec les producteurs, lâenquête a également recueilli des informations auprès des représentants des organisations chargées de la gestion de lâeau dâirrigation (des sociétés coopératives et associations des usagers de lâeau dâirrigation). Les résultats de lâétude montrent clairement lâexistence des problèmes dâaccès et de distribution de lâeau. Environ un quart des agriculteurs nâa pas été en mesure dâirriguer au sein du périmètre irrigué au cours des 12 mois précédant lâétude. Par conséquent, 15% des producteurs appartenant aux AHA ne pratiquent aucune activité agricole en saison sèche. En outre, à lâexception de ceux des périmètres de Niamey et de Tillabéri, la plupart des producteurs nâont pas accès à lâirrigation au cours de la saison humide, ce qui les rend entière tributaires des pluies, souvent insuffisantes en fin de cycle et engendre des pertes de récolte. Par ailleurs, dans les cas où lâeau dâirrigation est disponible, sa distribution semble loin dâêtre optimale, avec des situations dâinsuffisance ou dâexcès. Ces problèmes sont liés à la dégradation et au mauvais fonctionnement des infrastructures, mais également de gouvernance défaillante. La participation des producteurs à la prise de décision semble très limitée, ce qui augmente le risque dâune distribution dâeau inefficace et mal adaptée aux besoins. En outre, les données de lâétude suggèrent que les exploitants ne sont souvent pas bien informés ou conscients des règles et des systèmes en vigueur. Un renforcement de la communication et la formation des producteurs semble donc nécessaire pour réduire les problèmes dâaction collective. Enfin, lâétude montre que, notamment dans les périmètres rizicoles, une agriculture intensive à forte utilisation dâintrants est pratiquée. Bien que la productivité du riz soit généralement élevée, dâautres cultures donnent également de bons résultats, ce qui pose la question de lâopportunité de réserver certains périmètres exclusivement à la production de riz.[Irrigation is often considered an important lever for increasing agricultural productivity and combating poverty and food insecurity in Niger. Consequently, the implementation and rehabilitation of Hydro-Agricultural Developments (AHA) are of paramount importance for enhancing Niger's agricultural productivity and production. Based on data from a survey of 1, 829 producers operating plots within 20 irrigated perimeters across six regions of Niger, this study aims to analyze the functioning and governance of AHAs. In addition to interviews with producers, the survey also gathered information from representatives of organizations responsible for managing irrigation water (cooperative societies and associations of irrigation water users). The study's results clearly indicate the existence of problems related to water access and distribution.] |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc141202 |
| By: | Henri-Louis Vedie |
| Abstract: | Cette étude est consacrée à la désalinisation de l’eau de mer, aux barrages et aux autoroutes de l’eau au Maroc, solutions innovantes privilégiées par Sa Majesté le roi Mohammed VI, notamment dans son discours du 29 juillet 2024 marquant le 25ème anniversaire de son accession au Trône. Discours dans lequel le Souverain rappelait que l’un des défis majeurs auquel le Royaume était confronté était celui d’un stress hydrique structurel et récurrent. L’analyse de 26 Stations de dessalement (SD), (existantes, en voie de réalisation ou en programmation) et de 29 barrages (en construction et en programmation), montre que : la capacité de traitement de l’eau de mer permettra d’accroitre en deux temps l’offre en eau potable de 1 257 Mm3, et la construction de nouveaux barrages augmentera la capacité de stockage de 4 730 Mm3. C’est considérable. Cette étude met aussi en évidence des Stations de dessalement aux capacités de traitement très variables, comme le sont également les capacités de stockage des barrages allant des plus grandes aux plus modestes. Cette diversité, qui se retrouve aussi dans leur localisation, fait de l’ensemble des infrastructures des incontournables de la lutte anti-stress hydrique. Comme le sont également les autoroutes de l’eau qui, après un an d’existence, ont déjà permis de transporter 500 Mm3 d’eau. Ces incontournables de la lutte contre le stress hydrique ont et vont continuer à engager des investissements de plusieurs MM de dhs. C’est pourquoi, lors de son discours référent de juillet 2024, Sa Majesté Mohammed VI insistait également sur la nécessité d’agir simultanément sur la demande, principalement contre le gaspillage de l’eau potable et son mésusage. Une autre réflexion et action …. incontournables. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:pp_19-25 |
| By: | Iván Mirko Lucich Larrauri (Departamento de Economía, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú) |
| Abstract: | El presente estudio cuantifica los beneficios económicos que se generarían si se trataran las aguas residuales de las ciudades de Cajamarca y Cusco, y se evitara que la población del ámbito de influencia de sus vertimientos se exponga directamente a las aguas contaminadas. Los resultados de la investigación resaltan la importancia que tiene para la sociedad la ejecución de proyectos de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Concentrándonos solamente en los beneficios económicos que se generarían al reducirse los niveles de anemia y desnutrición crónica, y de enfermedades diarreicas y respiratorias agudas, el beneficio total per cápita en Cajamarca ascendería a 96 soles anuales, y en Cusco a 199 soles anuales. Finalmente, de la comparación de los beneficios económicos que se generarían al tratarse las aguas residuales con los costos sociales asociados al uso de recursos públicos para cumplir con las obligaciones que contraerían el Estado y las empresas prestadoras con las empresas concesionarias de los proyectos Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (PTAR) Cajamarca y Cusco, promovidos por ProInversión a través de asociaciones público privadas (APP), concluimos que los beneficios económicos estimados serían mayores a los costos sociales de los proyectos PTAR Cajamarca y PTAR Cusco, cuando utilizamos una tasa de descuento dual. |
| Keywords: | Beneficios económicos, salud, anemia, tratamiento de aguas residuales, disposición a pagar. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aav:wpaper:004 |
| By: | Pople, Ashley Charlotte; Premand, Patrick; Dercon, Stefan; Vinez, Margaux; Brunelin, Stephanie |
| Abstract: | Climatic shocks exacerbate consumption volatility and seasonality. When facing fluctuations in labor needs and prices, low-income rural households may rationally increase their consumption during specific seasons rather than maintaining it constant throughout the year. This makes the optimal timing of policy responses to shocks ambiguous. This paper examines the impact of varying the timing of cash transfers in response to drought in Niger, leveraging satellite-based triggers for a faster response before the lean season. A randomized controlled trial compares large early transfers delivered before the lean season, a traditional humanitarian response during the lean season, and smaller regular transfers throughout the year. The results show that large early transfers yield greater net benefits on economic welfare and psychological well-being before and during the lean season compared to a traditional humanitarian lean season response. The large early transfers also tend to have larger effects than the year-long transfers. These welfare differences do not persist after the lean season and nine months later. The early timing of transfers shifts borrowing behavior but has no discernible impact on livelihoods. The findings demonstrate the value of sufficiently large early transfers in mitigating the effects of a severe drought in presence of seasonal fluctuations in labor needs and prices. |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11138 |